KR102443088B1 - 치아 진단 기능이 있는 구강 내 스캐너 - Google Patents
치아 진단 기능이 있는 구강 내 스캐너 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102443088B1 KR102443088B1 KR1020197005819A KR20197005819A KR102443088B1 KR 102443088 B1 KR102443088 B1 KR 102443088B1 KR 1020197005819 A KR1020197005819 A KR 1020197005819A KR 20197005819 A KR20197005819 A KR 20197005819A KR 102443088 B1 KR102443088 B1 KR 102443088B1
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Abstract
Description
도 1a는 표면 및 내부 피처 모두를 갖는 대상의 치아의 모델을 생성하기 위해 본 명세서에서 설명된 바와 같이 사용되도록 조정될 수 있는 3D (컬러) 구강 내 스캐너의 일례를 나타낸다.
도 1b는 표면 및 내부 피처 모두를 갖는 대상의 치아의 모델을 생성하도록 구성된 구강 내 스캐너의 예시를 개략적으로 나타낸다.
도 2a는 180°에서 치아를 통한 트랜스-조명 이미징을 나타낸다.
도 2b는 90°에서 치아를 통한 트랜스-조명 이미징을 나타낸다.
도 2c 및 2d는 각각 90° 및 180°에서 치아를 통한 트랜스-조명 이미징을 제공하도록 구성된 구강 내 스캐너의 완드의 말단부의 예시의 측면 및 상부 사시도를 나타낸다.
도 2e는 근적외선(IR) 파장을 사용하여 표면 스캐닝(예를 들면, 가시광, 비투과성)과 투과 스캐닝 모두를 수행하도록 구성된 구강 내 스캐너의 개략도를 나타낸다. 스캐너는 내부 구조로부터 반사된 근적외선 광을 아직 수집하는 동안 치아의 표면에서 반사된 근적외선 광을 차단하는 편광자(polarizer)와 필터를 포함한다.
도 3a, 3b 및 3c는 도 2c 및 2d에서 나타낸 것과 같은 구강 내 스캐너 완드를 사용하여 소-각 조명 이미징 방향으로 예시적인 투과를 나타낸다.
도 3d는 180° 트랜스-조명을 획득하기 위해 우측 상을 광(예를 들면, 근적외선)으로 조명하고, 좌측(이 방향은 플립(flip)될 수 있음)으로부터 이미징하는 다른 예시(도 3a에 나타낸 것과 유사함)를 나타낸다. 강한 산란과 약한 산란은 화살표로 나타낸다.
도 4a는 센서와 광원 사이의 뷰잉 벡터가 치아 주위의 상이한 위치에서 0° 내지 15°인 광(조명)원과 센서의 투과 이미징(예를 들면, 소-각 투과 이미징) 구성의 예시를 나타낸다. 이러한 상이한 위치는 투과 이미지가 치아에 대한 상이한 각도에서 획득될 수 있도록, 예를 들면, 치아 주위로 완드/스캐너를 이동함으로써 상이한 시간에서 획득된 상이한 위치를 나타낸다.
도 4b 내지 4f는 치아로부터의 이미징을 위한 도 4a에 나타낸 것과 유사한 투과 이미징의 다른 변형을 나타낸다. 도 4b는 다중 카메라, 다중 광원 스캐너의 예시를 나타낸다. 도 4c 내지 4f는 대안적인 소-각 구성을 나타낸다.
도 5a 내지 5i는 도 1a 내지 1b에서 나타낸 것과 같은 구강 내 스캐너의 부분으로서 사용될 수 있는 9개의 대안적인 투과 이미징 방향을 나타낸다. 도 5a 내지 5c에서, 중앙 센서가 활성화되고, 우측(도 5b) 또는 좌측(도 5a), 또는 양측 모두(도 5c)의 광원은 치아를 조명하고 있다. 마찬가지로, 도 5d 내지 5e에서 우측 센서가 활성화되는 한편, 도 5g 내지 5i에서는 좌측 센서가 활성화된다.
도 6은 표면 및 내부 피처 모두를 갖는 대상의 치아 또는 치아들의 모델을 생성하는 하나의 방법을 개략적으로 나타내는 다이어그램이다.
도 7은 상이한 스캐닝 모달리티(예를 들면, 표면 스캐닝, 투과 이미징 등) 사이에서 순환함으로써 표면 및 내부 피처 모두를 가질 때, 대상의 치아의 모델을 생성하는 방법의 하나의 변형을 나타내는 다이어그램이다.
도 8은 (표면 스캐닝, 레이저 형광, 뷰파인더 및 투과 이미징 모달리티를 나타내는) 상이한 스캐닝 모달리티 사이에서 순환하는 표면 및 내부 피처 모두를 갖는 모델을 생성하기 위해 샘플(예를 들면, 치아)을 스캐닝하는 하나의 타이밍 다이어그램의 도식적인 예시이다. 도 8에서, y축은 3D 공초점 스캐너의 렌즈 위치(스캔 진폭)를 나타낸다. 각 스캔의 기간(예를 들면, 각 모드에 대한 스캐닝 시간)은 고정될 수 있으며, 조정될 수 있다. 예를 들면, 투과 스캔의 기간(d)은 수신된 이미지의 품질, 내부 구조의 3D 재구성의 완성도 등에 기초하여 스캐닝 동안 동적으로 조정(예를 들면, 증가 또는 감소)될 수 있다. 마찬가지로, 표면 스캔의 기간은 스캔되는 이미지(들)의 품질(예를 들면, 이전의 이미지 및/또는 현재 이미지 등), 스캔되는 영역에 대한 3D 표면 모델의 완성도 등에 기초하여 스캐닝 동안 동적으로 조정될 수 있다.
도 9a는 (파노라마를 형성하기 위해 투과 이미지가 함께 스티치(stitch)되는) 이미지 투과 파노라마를 나타내는 치아의 3D 표면 모델에서 투과 이미지의 오버레이의 일례를 나타낸다.
도 9b는 표면 및 내부 피처를 포함하는 도 9a의 모델 재구성의 부분을 나타낸다. 도 9a 및 9b에서, 내부 구조를 나타내는 오버레이는 볼륨 재구성이 아님에 주목하라.
도 10a는 구강 내 스캐너 전단부의 일례의 정면도의 예시를 나타낸다.
도 10b는 복수의 센서와 광원을 나타내는 구강 내 스캐너의 저면도의 예시를 나타낸다.
도 11a 내지 11c는 투과성 파장(예를 들면, 근적외선)을 사용하여 치아의 상부를 통해 내려다 본 투영된 이미지를 나타낸다.
도 11d 내지 11f는 투과성 파장을 사용하여, z 방향에서 치아에 대한 광원의 이동을 나타낸다.
도 11g 내지 11i는 z 방향에서 치아를 스캐닝하는, 전술한 것과 같은, 스캐너의 위치를 나타낸다. 도 11a, 11d 및 11g는 제1 깊이 위치에 대응하고, 도 11b, 11e 및 11h는 제2 (치아보다 높은) 깊이 위치에 대응하며, 도 11c, 11f 및 11i는 제3(더 높은) 깊이에 대응한다.
도 12는 투과 광원(예를 들면, 투과성 스펙트럼 범위의 광)과 구강 내 스캐너 완드의 부분으로서 사용될 수 있는 카메라의 구성의 예시를 나타낸다.
도 13은 방사선 파장의 범위에 대한 반투명의 강한 산란 영역을 포함하는 대상으로부터 볼륨 구조를 재구성하는 하나의 방법을 설명하는 플로우차트를 나타낸다.
도 14는 치아로부터 볼륨 구조를 재구성하는 방법 단계를 제공하는 다른 플로우차트를 나타낸다.
도 15a 내지 15e는 균일한 평면 타겟에 대한 일정한 응답을 제공하는 이미지 고정 패턴 노이즈 캘리브레이션과 조명 비균일 캘리브레이션의 일례를 나타낸다.
도 16은 본 명세서에서 설명된 방법 및 기술을 수행하는데 사용될 수 있는 데이터 처리 시스템의 단순화된 블록 다이어그램이다.
도 17은 투과성 파장(예를 들면, 적외선 및/또는 근적외선)을 사용하여 내부 구조를 식별하는 구강 내 스캐너로 치아를 스캐닝하는 방법의 예시이다.
도 18a 내지 18c는 근적외선 이미지의 자동 세그먼트의 하나의 방법을 나타낸다. 도 18a는 근적외선 파장(예를 들면, 850nm)에서 구강 내 스캐너로 획득하는, 치아를 통한 투과 스캔으로부터의 에지 검출을 나타낸다. 도 18b 및 18c는 투과 스캔 상에 플로팅된 도 18a의 에지 검출에 기초한 세그먼트를 나타낸다.
도 19a 내지 19c는 도 18a 내지 18c의 근적외선 이미지의 추가 세그먼트를 나타낸다. 도 19a는 도 19c에서 나타낸 대상의 치아의 획득된 근적외선 이미지로부터의 에지 검출을 나타낸다. 도 19b는 세그먼트(5개의 세그먼트)가 도 19c에서 나타낸 근적외선 이미지 상에 도입된 도 19c의 이미지의 세그먼트를 나타낸다.
도 20a 내지 20c는 환자의 치아의 근적외선 이미지의 세그먼트를 나타낸다. 도 20a는 근적외선 이미지의 에지 검출을 나타내는 도면이다. 도 20b는 18개의 (중첩된) 세그먼트를 나타내는 근적외선 이미지의 세그먼트를 나타낸다. 도 20c는 도 20b에서 나타낸 근적외선 이미지의 추가 세그먼트를 나타낸다.
도 21a 내지 21c는 환자의 치아의 근적외선 이미지의 세그먼트를 나타낸다. 도 21a는 도 21c의 근적외선 이미지의 에지 검출을 나타낸다. 도 21b는 도 21c에 나타낸 근적외선 이미지의 에지 검출을 나타낸다.
도 22a 내지 22c는 환자의 치아의 근적외선 이미지의 세그먼트를 나타낸다. 도 22a는 근적외선 이미지의 에지 검출을 나타내는 도면이다. 도 22b는 8개의 (중첩된) 세그먼트를 나타내는 근적외선 이미지의 세그먼트를 나타낸다. 도 22c는 도 22b에서 나타낸 근적외선 이미지의 추가 세그먼트를 나타낸다.
도 23a 내지 23c는 환자의 치아의 근적외선 이미지의 세그먼트를 나타낸다. 도 23a는 도 23c의 근적외선 이미지의 에지 검출을 나타낸다. 도 23b는 도 23c에서 나타낸 근적외선 이미지의 에지 검출을 나타낸다.
도 24a는 도 18a 내지 23c에 나타낸 것을 포함하는 세그먼트화된 이미지에 의해 형성된 환자의 치아의 부분적인 3차원 모델이다.
도 24b는 상아질을 포함하는 내부 구조를 나타내는 도 24a의 3D 모델을 통한 단면도를 나타낸다.
도 25a는 내부 구조를 포함하는 환자의 턱과 치아의 볼륨(또는 "복셀") 모델의 예시이다. 내부 구조는 3D 표면 모델 내의 밀도 맵으로서 나타낸다. 도 25b는 도 25a의 볼륨 모델의 확대도이다.
도 26a 내지 26c는 환자의 치아의 (표면 및 내부 구조를 나타내는) 볼륨 모델을 생성하는데 사용될 수 있는 3D 표면을 형성하는 방법을 나타낸다.
도 27a 내지 27g는 표면 스캐닝 이외에 근적외선 스캐닝을 사용하여 환자의 치아의 볼륨 모델을 생성하는 방법을 나타낸다.
도 28a 및 28b는 표면 피처, 예를 들면, 에나멜과, 내부 (세그먼트화된) 피처, 예를 들면, 상아질 모두를 나타내는 구강 내 스캐너를 사용하여 형성된 환자의 치아의 볼륨 모델을 나타낸다.
도 29a는 전기적 커플링을 갖는 트랜스-조명 슬리브로서 구성된 제거 가능/일회용 커버의 부분적인 투명 사시도를 나타낸다. 도 29b는 단색으로 나타낸 도 29a의 슬리브의 사시도이다. 이러한 슬리브는 구강 내 스캐너의 완드 부분과 함께 사용되도록 구성된다. 슬리브는 투과성(예를 들면, 근적외선) 파장을 갖는 트랜스-조명을 포함하는 완드에 적합하도록 구성된다.
도 30a 내지 30c는 전기적 커플링을 갖는 트랜스-조명 슬리브의 일례를 나타낸다. 도 30a는 슬리브의 지지 프레임의 예시를 나타낸다; 도 30b는 플렉스 회로를 갖는 지지 프레임과 지지 프레임에 커플링된 커넥터를 나타낸다. 도 30c는 도 30a 내지 30b의 완전 조립된 슬리브를 나타낸다.
도 31a는 도 29a 내지 30b에 나타낸 슬리브의 부분으로서 사용되기 위한 플렉스 회로와 커넥터의 예시를 나타낸다. 도 31b는 LED 하우징을 포함하는 도 31a에서 나타낸 플렉스 회로의 말단부의 예시이다. 도 31c는 슬리브의 커넥터 부분의 예시이다.
도 32a 및 32b는 도 29a 내지 30b에서 나타낸 것과 같은 슬리브의 말단부의 LED 포지셔너와 광 차단부의 예시를 나타낸다.
Claims (140)
- 구강 내 스캐닝 시스템으로서,
적외선 및 가시광을 검출하기 위해 하나 이상의 센서와 함께 동작하도록 구성된 휴대용 완드(hand-held wand)-상기 하나 이상의 센서는 이미지 센서를 포함함-;
말단 영역에 윈도우를 갖는 상기 휴대용 완드의 말단 위에 위치하도록 구성된 슬리브; 및
상기 휴대용 완드에 동작 가능하게 연결되는 하나 이상의 프로세서를 포함하고,
상기 하나 이상의 프로세서는,
상기 하나 이상의 센서로부터 가시광 정보 및 적외선 정보를 수신하고;
상기 가시광 정보로부터 실시간으로 표면 정보를 결정하고 상기 표면 정보를 사용하여 대상의 치아의 3차원(3D) 표면 모델을 생성하고;
상기 휴대용 완드가 움직일 때 실시간으로 디스플레이 스크린 상에 상기 3D 표면 모델을 디스플레이하고;
상기 이미지 센서를 사용하여 실시간으로, 상기 적외선 정보로부터 상기 대상의 치아 내부 영역의 하나 이상의 2차원(2D) 이미지를 캡처하고; 그리고
상기 디스플레이 스크린 상에, 상기 대상의 치아 내부 영역의 하나 이상의 2D 이미지를 디스플레이하도록 구성되는 구강 내 스캐닝 시스템. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 슬리브는 상기 윈도우의 양쪽에서 연장되는 한 쌍의 윙을 포함하는 시스템. - 청구항 2에 있어서,
상기 윙 중 적어도 하나는 근적외선(near-IR) 광원을 수용하는 시스템. - 청구항 2에 있어서,
상기 휴대용 완드는 상기 대상의 치아를 통해 트랜스-조명되는 근적외선 광을 수신하도록 구성되는 시스템. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 슬리브는 상기 완드가 상기 슬리브 상의 하나 이상의 광원에 전력을 제공하도록 상기 완드와 전기적으로 접촉하도록 구성되는 시스템. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 슬리브는 가시광과 함께 사용하도록 구성된 제1 슬리브를 포함하는 시스템. - 청구항 6에 있어서,
트랜스-조명을 위해 구성된 적외선 광원을 포함하는 제2 슬리브를 더 포함하는 시스템. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 슬리브는 적외선 광원 및 가시광 광원 모두와 함께 동작하도록 구성되는 시스템. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 하나 이상의 프로세서는 근적외선 정보인 적외선 정보를 수신하도록 구성되는 시스템. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 하나 이상의 프로세서는 상기 대상의 치아 내부 영역의 상기 하나 이상의 2D 이미지 및 상기 3D 표면 모델을 동시에 디스플레이하도록 구성되는 시스템. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 휴대용 완드에 동작 가능하게 연결되는 하나 이상의 프로세서는,
상기 3D 표면 모델의 적어도 부분 위에 보기 윈도우를 디스플레이하고;
사용자로부터, 상기 보기 윈도우와 상기 3D 표면 모델 사이의 상대적 위치 변경을 수신하고;
상기 3D 표면 모델과 상기 대상의 치아에 대해 서로 다른 각도와 위치에서 촬영한 상기 대상의 치아의 복수 이미지로부터, 상기 3D 표면 모델에 대한 상기 보기 윈도우 사이의 상대 각도 및 위치에 근사하는 각도 및 위치에서 촬영된 근적외선 이미지를 포함하는 상기 대상의 치아 내부 영역의 2D 이미지를 식별하고; 그리고
상기 3D 표면 모델에 대한 보기 윈도우 사이의 각도 및 위치에 근사하는 각도 및 위치에서 촬영된, 상기 식별된 근적외선 이미지를 디스플레이하도록 더 구성되는 시스템. - 구강 내 스캐닝 시스템으로서,
근적외선 이미징 모드 및 가시광 이미징 모드를 포함하는 복수의 이미징 모드에서 동작하도록 구성된 휴대용 완드;
상기 휴대용 완드의 말단에 위치하도록 구성된 슬리브; 및
상기 휴대용 완드에 동작 가능하게 연결되는 하나 이상의 프로세서를 포함하고,
상기 하나 이상의 프로세서는,
상기 가시광 이미징 모드 동안 가시광 정보를 수신하고 상기 근적외선 이미징 모드 동안 근적외선 광 정보를 수신하고;
상기 가시광 정보로부터 실시간으로 표면 정보를 결정하고 상기 표면 정보를 사용하여 대상의 치아의 3차원(3D) 표면 모델을 생성하고;
상기 휴대용 완드가 움직일 때 실시간으로 디스플레이 스크린 상에 상기 3D 표면 모델을 디스플레이하고;
이미지 센서를 사용하여 실시간으로, 상기 근적외선 광 정보로부터 상기 대상의 치아 내부 영역의 하나 이상의 2차원(2D) 이미지를 캡처하고; 그리고
상기 디스플레이 스크린 상에, 상기 대상의 치아의 내부 영역의 하나 이상의 2D 이미지를 디스플레이하도록 구성되는 구강 내 스캐닝 시스템. - 청구항 12에 있어서,
상기 슬리브는 상기 슬리브의 말단의 양쪽에서 연장되는 한 쌍의 윙을 포함하는 시스템. - 청구항 13에 있어서,
상기 윙 중 적어도 하나는 근적외선 광원을 수용하는 시스템. - 청구항 13에 있어서,
상기 휴대용 완드는 상기 대상의 치아를 통해 트랜스-조명되는 근적외선 광을 수신하도록 구성되는 시스템. - 청구항 12에 있어서,
상기 슬리브는 상기 완드가 상기 슬리브 상의 하나 이상의 광원에 전력을 제공하도록 상기 완드와 전기적으로 접촉하도록 구성되는 시스템. - 청구항 12에 있어서,
상기 슬리브는 가시광과 함께 사용하도록 구성된 제1 슬리브를 포함하는 시스템. - 청구항 17에 있어서,
트랜스-조명을 위해 구성된 근적외선 광원을 포함하는 제2 슬리브를 더 포함하는 시스템. - 청구항 12에 있어서,
상기 슬리브는 근적외선 광원 및 가시광 광원 모두와 함께 동작하도록 구성되는 시스템. - 청구항 12에 있어서,
상기 하나 이상의 프로세서는 상기 대상의 치아 내부 영역의 상기 하나 이상의 2D 이미지 및 상기 3D 표면 모델을 동시에 디스플레이하도록 구성되는 시스템. - 청구항 12에 있어서,
상기 하나 이상의 프로세서는,
상기 3D 표면 모델의 적어도 부분 위에 보기 윈도우를 디스플레이하고;
사용자로부터, 상기 보기 윈도우와 상기 3D 표면 모델 사이의 상대적 위치 변경을 수신하고;
상기 3D 표면 모델과 상기 대상의 치아에 대해 서로 다른 각도와 위치에서 촬영한 상기 대상의 치아의 복수 이미지로부터, 상기 3D 표면 모델에 대한 상기 보기 윈도우 사이의 상대 각도 및 위치에 근사하는 각도 및 위치에서 촬영된 근적외선 이미지를 포함하는 상기 대상의 치아 내부 영역의 2D 이미지를 식별하고; 그리고
상기 3D 표면 모델에 대한 보기 윈도우 사이의 각도 및 위치에 근사하는 각도 및 위치에서 촬영된, 상기 식별된 근적외선 이미지를 디스플레이하도록 더 구성되는 시스템. - 구강 내 스캐닝 시스템으로서,
근적외선 이미징 모드 및 가시광 이미징 모드를 포함하는 복수의 이미징 모드에서 동작하도록 구성된 휴대용 완드;
말단 영역을 갖는 휴대용 완드의 말단에 위치되도록 구성된 슬리브-상기 슬리브는 상기 말단 영역으로부터 연장되는 한 쌍의 윙 및 상기 윙 사이에 트랜스-조명 근적외선 광을 투사하도록 구성된 상기 윙 중 적어도 하나 내의 근적외선 광원을 포함함-; 및
상기 휴대용 완드에 동작 가능하게 연결되는 하나 이상의 프로세서를 포함하고,
상기 하나 이상의 프로세서는,
상기 가시광 이미징 모드 동안 가시광 정보를 수신하고 상기 근적외선 이미징 모드 동안 근적외선 광 정보를 수신하고;
상기 가시광 정보로부터 실시간으로 표면 정보를 결정하고 상기 표면 정보를 사용하여 대상의 치아의 3차원(3D) 표면 모델을 생성하고;
상기 휴대용 완드가 움직일 때 실시간으로 디스플레이 스크린 상에 상기 3D 표면 모델을 디스플레이 하고;
트랜스-조명 근적외선 광으로부터 상기 대상의 치아의 내부 영역의 하나 이상의 2차원(2D) 이미지를 실시간으로 캡처하고; 그리고
상기 디스플레이 스크린 상에, 상기 대상의 치아의 내부 영역의 하나 이상의 2D 이미지를 디스플레이하도록 구성되는 구강 내 스캐닝 시스템. - 청구항 22에 있어서,
상기 슬리브는 상기 완드가 상기 슬리브 상의 하나 이상의 광원에 전력을 제공하도록 상기 완드와 전기적으로 접촉하도록 구성되는 시스템. - 청구항 22에 있어서,
상기 슬리브는 트랜스-조명을 위해 상기 근적외선 광원을 제어하도록 구성된 근적외선 광원에 연결하도록 구성된 회로를 더 포함하는 시스템. - 청구항 22에 있어서,
상기 슬리브는 상기 완드의 말단에 대한 부착물에 의해 유지되도록 구성되는 시스템. - 청구항 22에 있어서,
상기 슬리브는 상기 완드에 대한 마찰에 의해 유지되도록 구성되는 시스템. - 청구항 22에 있어서,
상기 완드는 상기 하나 이상의 프로세서와 무선으로 통신하도록 구성되는 시스템. - 청구항 22에 있어서,
가시광 광원과 함께 사용하도록 구성된 제2 슬리브를 더 포함하는 시스템. - 청구항 22에 있어서,
상기 하나 이상의 프로세서는 상기 대상의 치아 내부 영역의 하나 이상의 2D 이미지 및 상기 3D 표면 모델을 동시에 디스플레이하도록 구성되는 시스템. - 청구항 22에 있어서,
상기 휴대용 완드에 동작 가능하게 연결되는 하나 이상의 프로세서는,
상기 3D 표면 모델의 적어도 부분 위에 보기 윈도우를 디스플레이하고;
사용자로부터, 상기 보기 윈도우와 상기 3D 표면 모델 사이의 상대적 위치 변경을 수신하고;
상기 3D 표면 모델과 상기 대상의 치아에 대해 서로 다른 각도와 위치에서 촬영한 상기 대상의 치아의 복수 이미지로부터, 상기 3D 표면 모델에 대한 상기 보기 윈도우 사이의 상대 각도 및 위치에 근사하는 각도 및 위치에서 촬영된 근적외선 이미지를 포함하는 상기 대상의 치아 내부 영역의 2D 이미지를 식별하고; 그리고
상기 3D 표면 모델에 대한 보기 윈도우 사이의 각도 및 위치에 근사하는 각도 및 위치에서 촬영된, 상기 식별된 근적외선 이미지를 디스플레이하도록 더 구성되는 시스템. - 삭제
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US8738394B2 (en) | 2007-11-08 | 2014-05-27 | Eric E. Kuo | Clinical data file |
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JP2012147908A (ja) * | 2011-01-18 | 2012-08-09 | Olympus Corp | 歯牙観察装置 |
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US11628046B2 (en) | Methods and apparatuses for forming a model of a subject's teeth |
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