KR101713454B1 - 비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질의 제조 방법, 비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질 및 이것을 사용한 비수계 전해질 이차 전지 - Google Patents
비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질의 제조 방법, 비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질 및 이것을 사용한 비수계 전해질 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101713454B1 KR101713454B1 KR1020157004425A KR20157004425A KR101713454B1 KR 101713454 B1 KR101713454 B1 KR 101713454B1 KR 1020157004425 A KR1020157004425 A KR 1020157004425A KR 20157004425 A KR20157004425 A KR 20157004425A KR 101713454 B1 KR101713454 B1 KR 101713454B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- lithium
- active material
- electrode active
- niobium
- Prior art date
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 150000002822 niobium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002821 niobium Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 16
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 12
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WPCMRGJTLPITMF-UHFFFAOYSA-I niobium(5+);pentahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Nb+5] WPCMRGJTLPITMF-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 전지 평가에 사용한 코인 전지의 단면도이다.
도 3은 실시예 3에서 얻어진 정극 활물질의 입자 단면의 주사형 전자 현미경 사진이다.
3 : 정극(평가용 전극) 4 : 가스킷
5 : 부극 캔 6 : 정극 캔
7 : 집전체
Claims (10)
- 화학식 LidNi1 -a-b- cCoaMbNbcO2(단, M은 Mn, V, Mg, Ti 및 Al 중에서 선택되는 적어도 1종의 원소이며, 0.05≤a≤0.35, 0≤b≤0.10, 0.006≤c≤0.06, 0.95≤d≤1.20임)로 표현되고, 다결정 구조의 입자로 구성된 리튬 전이 금속 복합 산화물로 이루어지는 비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질의 제조 방법이며,
니켈 함유 수산화물의 슬러리에, 니오븀염 용액과 산을 동시에 첨가하고, 상기 슬러리의 pH가 25℃ 기준으로 7 내지 11이 되도록 제어하여, 니오븀 화합물로 피복된 니켈 함유 수산화물을 얻는 니오븀 피복 공정,
상기 니오븀 화합물로 피복된 니켈 함유 수산화물을 리튬 화합물과 혼합하여 리튬 혼합물을 얻는 혼합 공정, 및
상기 리튬 혼합물을 산화 분위기 중 700 내지 830℃에서 소성하여, 상기 리튬 전이 금속 복합 산화물을 얻는 소성 공정
을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 추가로, 상기 니오븀 피복 공정 전에, 적어도 니켈 및 코발트를 포함하는 혼합 수용액에 알칼리 수용액을 첨가해서 정석(晶析)시켜, 상기 니켈 함유 수산화물을 얻는 정석 공정을 포함하고,
상기 니켈 함유 수산화물이 화학식 (1) Ni1 -a'- b'Coa'Mb'(OH)2(단, M은 Mn, V, Mg, Ti 및 Al 중에서 선택되는 적어도 1종의 원소이며, 0.05≤a'≤0.35, 0≤b'≤0.10임)로 표현되는 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 리튬 전이 금속 복합 산화물에서의 니오븀 함유량을 나타내는 c가 0.006≤c≤0.05인 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 니오븀 피복 공정에서, 상기 슬러리의 pH를 25℃ 기준으로 7 내지 10으로 제어하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 추가로, 상기 혼합 공정 전에, 상기 니오븀 화합물로 피복된 니켈 함유 수산화물을 105 내지 800℃에서 열처리하는 열처리 공정을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 추가로, 상기 소성 공정에서 얻어진 리튬 전이 금속 복합 산화물을 100 내지 2000g/L의 비율로 물과 혼합하고, 수세하는 공정을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 화학식 LidNi1-a-b-cCoaMbNbcO2(단, M은 Mn, V, Mg, Ti 및 Al 중에서 선택되는 적어도 1종의 원소이며, 0.05≤a≤0.35, 0≤b≤0.10, 0.006≤c≤0.06, 0.95≤d≤1.20임)로 표현되고, 다결정 구조의 입자로 구성된 리튬 전이 금속 복합 산화물을 포함하는 비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질이며,
다공질 구조를 갖고, 비표면적이 2.0 내지 7.0m2/g이고,
상기 다공질 구조는, 주사형 전자 현미경으로 임의의 입자 단면에서의 배율 5000배의 관찰에 의해 확인 가능한 크기를 갖는 공극 수를, 임의의 20개 이상의 입자에 대하여 구하고, 공극 총 수를 해당 입자의 입자 단면 긴 직경(㎛) 합계로 나누어서 얻어지는 공극 개수가 2개/㎛ 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질. - 제7항에 있어서, 상기 리튬 전이 금속 복합 산화물의 결정자 직경이 10 내지 150nm인 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 리튬 전이 금속 복합 산화물에서의 니오븀 함유량을 나타내는 c가 0.006≤c≤0.05인 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질.
- 제7항 내지 제9항 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 비수계 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질을 정극에 사용한 것을 특징으로 하는 비수계 전해질 이차 전지.
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US9774036B2 (en) | 2017-09-26 |
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US20150194673A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
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