KR101584042B1 - 관련된 시스템, 장치, 및 방법을 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈 - Google Patents
관련된 시스템, 장치, 및 방법을 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101584042B1 KR101584042B1 KR1020157000990A KR20157000990A KR101584042B1 KR 101584042 B1 KR101584042 B1 KR 101584042B1 KR 1020157000990 A KR1020157000990 A KR 1020157000990A KR 20157000990 A KR20157000990 A KR 20157000990A KR 101584042 B1 KR101584042 B1 KR 101584042B1
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 전력 증폭기 모듈의 블록도이다;
도 2는 소정 실시예에 따른 와이어 본드 패드를 포함하는 예시적 IC 모듈의 확대된 부분을 나타낸다;
도 3은 와이어 본드 패드를 형성하기 위한 예시적 프로세스에 대한 플로차트를 도시한다;
도 4는 본 발명의 특정한 실시예에 따른 도 2의 IC 모듈 상의 Ni/Pd/Au 와이어 본드 패드의 단면도를 나타낸다;
도 5는 소정 실시예에 따른 와이어 본드 패드를 포함하는 예시적 RFIC 모듈의 확대된 부분을 도시한다;
도 6은 본 발명의 소정 실시예에 따른 Ni/Pd/Au 와이어 본드 패드를 형성하기 위한 예시적 프로세스에 대한 플로차트를 제시한다;
도 7은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 도 5의 RFIC 모듈 상의 Ni/Pd/Au 와이어 본드 패드의 단면을 나타낸다;
도 8은 엣지/측벽 노출된 표면과 엣지/측벽 도금된 표면에서의 트레이스에 대한 RF 손실을 비교하는 그래프이다;
도 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, 9e, 및 9f는, 엣지 및 측벽을 도금에 최소한으로 노출시킨 와이어 본딩 영역에 대한 예시적 레이아웃을 나타낸다.
도 10은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 온-다이 수동 장치(on-die passive device)에서 RFIC를 갖는 RFIC 모듈의 확대된 부분을 도시한다;
도 11은 본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따른 온-다이 수동 장치에서 RFIC를 갖는 RFIC 모듈의 확대된 부분을 나타낸다;
도 12a는 본 발명의 특정 실시예에 따른 쌍극성 트랜지스터의 예시적 단면을 도시한다;
도 12b는 도 12a의 쌍극성 트랜지스터의 부분들의 예시적 도핑 농도의 그래프이다;
도 12c는 도 12a의 쌍극성 트랜지스터의 부분들에 대응하는 예시적 재료를 나타내는 범례(legend)이다;
도 13은 도 12a의 쌍극성 트랜지스터와 최신 기술의 쌍극성 트랜지스터에 대한 항복 전압과 전류 밀도 사이의 관계를 나타내는 그래프이다;
도 14a는 본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따른 쌍극성 트랜지스터의 예시적 단면을 도시한다;
도 14b는 도 14a의 쌍극성 트랜지스터의 부분들의 예시적 도핑 농도의 그래프이다;
도 14c는 도 14a의 쌍극성 트랜지스터의 부분들에 대응하는 예시적 재료를 도시하는 범례이다;
도 14d는 본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따른 쌍극성 트랜지스터의 예시적 단면을 도시한다;
도 14e는 도 14d의 쌍극성 트랜지스터의 부분들의 예시적 도핑 농도의 그래프이다;
도 14f는 도 14d의 쌍극성 트랜지스터의 부분들에 대응하는 예시적 재료를 나타내는 범례이다;
도 15는 본 발명의 방법의 실시예에 따른 쌍극성 트랜지스터를 형성하기 위한 예시적 프로세스 흐름도이다;
도 16은 본 발명에서 설명되는 하나 이상의 특징을 갖는 쌍극성 트랜지스터를 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈의 한 실시예의 블록도이다;
도 17은 도 16의 전력 증폭기 모듈을 포함하는 본 발명에 따른 하나의 특정한 무선 장치의 예시적 블록도이다;
도 18은 본 발명의 소정 양태에 따른 무선 장치의 또 다른 실시예의 블록도이다;
도 19는 본 발명의 소정 양태에 따라 구현된 디지털 제어 인터페이스의 실시예를 나타낸다;
도 20은 본 발명에 따라 구현된 레벨 쉬프터(level shifter)의 실시예의 개략도이다;
도 21은 본 발명의 양태에 따른 디지털 제어 인터페이스의 동작을 위한 프로세스의 플로차트이다;
도 22는 본 발명의 소정 양태에 따른 무선 장치의 추가 실시예의 블록도이다;
도 23은 본 발명의 소정의 다른 양태에 따른 본 발명의 디지털 제어 인터페이스의 또 다른 실시예를 나타낸다;
도 24는 도 23의 디지털 제어 인터페이스에서 구현되는 본 발명에 따른 조합 로직 블록의 실시예의 개략도이다;
도 25는 추가의 레벨 쉬프트 기능에 따라 구현된 본 발명의 디지털 제어 인터페이스의 역시 또 다른 실시예를 제시한다;
도 26은 도 25의 디지털 제어 인터페이스에서 구현된 본 발명의 조합 로직 블록의 또 다른 실시예이다;
도 27은, 본 발명의 한 실시예에 따른, 집적 회로, 다이 의존 컴포넌트, 및 바이어스 회로를 포함하는 반도체 다이의 도식적 표현이다;
도 28은 도 27의 어셈블리의 2-다이 구성을 나타낸다;
도 29는 HBT 다이 및 Si 다이를 이용하는 2-다이 구성을 도시한다;
도 30은 본 발명에 따른 전력 증폭기 회로의 개략적 표현이다;
도 31은 본 발명에 따른 바이어스 신호를 생성하기 위한 저항을 포함하는 전력 증폭기 회로의 한 특정한 구성의 개략적인 블록도이다;
도 32, 33, 및 34는 도 31의 저항이 베타 파라미터 및 온도와 어떻게 상관되는지를 도시하는 그래프이다;
도 35는 본 발명에 따른 보상된 제어 신호를 생성하기 위해 채용된 V-I 회로의 예를 도시한다;
도 36은 도 35의 V-I 회로에 대한 상이한 Vbatt 설정들에 대한 출력 전압 대 온도의 상이한 플롯들을 나타내는 그래프이다;
도 37a 및 도 37b는 보상되지 않은 전력 증폭기 예의 제1 및 제2 단에 대한 대기 전류 대 온도의 플롯을 도시한다;
도 38a 및 도 38b는 본 발명의 보상된 전력 증폭기의 제1 및 제2 단에 대한 대기 전류 대 온도의 플롯이다;
도 39는 상이한 예시적 온도에서의 계산된 이득 대 전력 출력의 플롯을 도시한다;
도 40은 도 38a 및 도 38b를 참조하여 설명된 다양한 파라미터들의 상이한 조합들에 대한 이득 대 전력 출력의 플롯을 제시한다;
도 41a는 본 발명의 또 다른 특정 실시예에 따라 구현된 전력 증폭기 모듈의 평면도이다;
도 41b는 도 41a의 전력 증폭기 모듈의 측면도이다;
도 42는 본 발명의 소정 양태에 따라 구현된 무선 장치의 특정 실시예의 예를 개략적으로 도시한다;
도 43은 본 발명에 의해 예시되는 BiFET을 포함하는 구조의 단면도를 나타내는 도면이다;
도 44는 도 43의 구조의 대안적 실시예의 단면도를 도시하는 도면이다;
도 45는 도 43의 구조를 제작하기 위해 구현될 수 있는 본 발명에 따른 프로세스의 단계들을 도시한다;
도 46은 도 44의 구조를 제작하기 위해 구현될 수 있는 본 발명의 프로세스 단계들을 제시한다;
도 47은 도 43 및 도 44의 HBT를 제작하기 위해 구현될 수 있는 본 발명의 한 실시예의 프로세스 단계들을 도시한다;
도 48은 도 43의 FET와 도 44의 제1 FET를 제작하기 위해 구현될 수 있는 본 발명의 프로세스의 단계들을 도시한다;
도 49는 도 44의 제2 FET를 제작하기 위해 구현될 수 있는 본 발명의 양태에 따른 프로세스 단계들을 도시한다;
도 50은, 본 발명의 일부 실시예의 경우, 전력 증폭기(PA) 회로 등의 회로를 갖는 반도체 다이가 여기서 설명된 하나 이상의 특징을 갖는 BiFET 장치를 포함할 수 있다는 것을 도시하는 블록도이다;
도 51은, 일부 실시예에서, PA 제어기 및/또는 스위치 제어기 회로를 갖는 반도체 다이가 여기서 설명된 하나 이상의 특징을 갖는 BiFET 장치를 포함할 수 있다는 것을 도시하는 블록도이다;
도 52는, 일부 실시예에서, 팩키징된 모듈이 여기서 설명된 하나 이상의 특징을 갖는 다이를 포함할 수 있다는 것을 도시하는 블록도이다;
도 53은, 일부 실시예에서, 무선 장치가, 여기서 설명된 하나 이상의 특징을 갖는, 도 52의 팩키징된 모듈 등의, 모듈을 포함할 수 있다는 것을 도시하는 블록도이다;
도 54는 집적 회로를 갖는 반도체 다이를 개략적으로 도시한다;
도 55는 본 발명에 따른 반도체 기판 상에 형성된 층들의 스택(stack)을 갖는 HBT의 예를 도시한다;
도 56a, 56b, 56c, 56d, 56e, 56f, 및 56g는, 도 55의 HBT와 연관된 다양한 층들을 이용하여 형성될 수 있는 반도체 저항의 실시예를 제시한다;
도 56aa, 56bb, 56cc, 56dd, 56ee, 56ff, 및 56gg은, 각각, 도 56a, 56b, 56c, 56d, 56e, 56f, 및 56g의 반도체 저항의 전기적 개략도이다;
도 57a는 본 발명에 따른 저항성 영역을 포함하는 반도체 구조의 측면도이다;
도 57b는 내부에 제공되는 저항성 영역의 단자를 도시하는 도 57a의 구조의 상부 평면도이다;
도 57c는 도 57a의 저항성 영역에 의해 형성된 저항의 개략적 표현이다;
도 58은 트랜지스터에 접속된 도 57c의 저항을 도시한다;
도 59a, 59b, 및 59c는 도 58의 회로 요소들의 상이한 실시예들의 개략적 표현이다;
도 60은 본 발명에 따른 다이 상에 형성된 반도체 저항의 개략적인 블록도 표현이다;
도 61a는 예시적인 무선 장치의 개략적인 블록도이다;
도 61b는 또 다른 예시적인 무선 장치의 개략적인 블록도이다;
도 61c는 도 61a 및 도 61b의 무선 장치에서 채용될 수 있는 예시적인 전력 증폭기 모듈의 블록도이다;
도 62는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 종단 회로를 갖는 전력 증폭기 시스템을 도시하는 개략적인 회로 블록도이다;
도 63a는 본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따른 종단 회로를 갖는 예시의 전력 증폭기 모듈을 나타내는 블록도이다;
도 63b는 본 발명의 특정 실시예에 따른 예시적 기판을 나타낸다;
도 64a, 64b, 및 64c는, 도 63a의 실시예의 성능을 종래의 구현과 비교한 시뮬레이션 결과를 도시한다;
도 65는 본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따른 다이와 예시의 종단 회로를 나타내는 블록도이다;
도 66은 본 발명의 역시 또 다른 실시예에 따른 모듈을 제조하는 예시적 방법의 프로세스 흐름도이다;
도 67a는 본 발명의 소정 양태에 따른 전송 라인의 실시예의 단면이다;
도 67b는 도 67a의 예시의 전송 라인을 개략적으로 나타낸다;
도 68a는 도 67a의 전송 라인에 부착된 와이어 본드의 측면도이다;
도 68b는 도 67a의 전송 라인을 포함하는 기판의 예를 나타낸다;
도 68c는 도 68b의 복수의 기판을 포함하는 어레이의 예를 나타낸다;
도 69는 도 67a의 전송 라인을 포함하는 예시의 모듈의 개략적 블록도이다;
도 70a, 70b, 70c, 및 70d는, 도 67a의 전송 라인과 도 69의 모듈에서 구현된 다른 전송 라인 사이의 관계를 나타내는 그래프이다;
도 71은 도 67a의 전송 라인을 통해 서로 결합된 2개의 무선 주파수(RF) 컴포넌트들의 블록도이다;
도 72a, 72b, 72c, 72d, 72e, 및 72f는, 도 67a의 전송 라인을 통해 서로 전기적으로 결합될 수 있는 다양한 예시의 RF 컴포넌트들의 개략적 블록도이다;
도 73은, 도 67a의 전송 라인을 포함하는 본 발명에 따라 구현된 또 다른 예시의 이동 장치의 개략적 블록도이다;
도 74a는 본 발명의 한 실시예에 따른 웨이퍼의 평면도이다;
도 74b는 도 74a의 웨이퍼의 일부의 부분적 확대 평면도이다;
도 75a는 본 발명에 따른 기판의 제1 또는 정면 위에 패시베이션 층(passivation layer)의 형성을 나타낸다;
도 75b는 본 발명에 따른 패시베이션 층 위에 포토레지스트 층을 형성하고 패터닝하는 것과 패시베이션 층을 패터닝하기 위해 포토레지스트 층을 이용하는 것을 도시한다;
도 75c는 본 발명에 따른 마스크로서 포토레지스트 층을 이용하여 질화 탄탈(TaN) 종단층을 형성하는 것을 도시한다;
도 75d는 본 발명에 따른 포토레지스트 층을 제거하는 것과 TaN 종단층 위에 도전층을 형성하는 것을 도시한다;
도 75e는 본 발명에서 교시되는 캐리어 판(carrier plate)을 기판의 정면에 부착하는 것과 기판의 배면 상에 포토레지스트 층을 형성하고 패터닝하는 것을 도시한다;
도 75f는 본 발명의 이 양태에 따라 배면측으로부터 기판 내에 관통-웨이퍼 비아를 형성하는 것을 도시한다;
도 75g는 본 발명의 배면측 프로세스의 한 실시예의 일부로서 포토레지스트 층을 제거하고 관통-웨이퍼 비아 위에 장벽층을 형성하는 것을 나타낸다;
도 75h는 장벽층 위에 씨드층을 형성하고 씨드층 위에 구리층을 형성하는 것을 도시한다;
도 75i는 웨이퍼의 정면으로부터 캐리어 판을 제거하는 것을 도시한다;
도 76a는 본 발명에 따른 예시적인 팩키징된 모듈의 상부 평면도이다;
도 76b는 도 76a의 라인 A-A를 따라 취해진 도 76a의 팩키징된 모듈의 단면을 도시한다;
도 77은 집적 회로(IC)를 갖는 다이를 포함하는 팩키징된 모듈을 제작하기 위해 구현될 수 있는 본 발명의 프로세스 단계들을 도시한다;
도 78a 및 도 78b는 팩키징된 모듈의 형성을 위한 복수의 다이를 수용하도록 구성된 예시의 라미네이트 패널의 정면 및 배면을 도시한다;
도 79a, 79b, 및 79c는 본 발명에 따른 개개의 모듈을 생성하도록 구성된 패널의 라미네이트 기판의 다양한 도면을 도시한다;
도 80은 라미네이트 기판 상의 탑재를 위한 단품화될 복수의 다이를 갖는 제작된 반도체 웨이퍼의 예를 도시한다;
도 81은 라미네이트 기판 상에 탑재될 때 접속을 가능케하기 위한 예시의 전기적 콘택트 패드를 도시하는 개별 다이를 도시한다;
도 82a 및 도 82b는, 예시의 표면-탑재 기술(SMT; surface-mount technology) 장치의 탑재를 위해 준비되는 라미네이트 기판의 상부도 및 측면도를 도시한다;
도 83a 및 도 83b는, 라미네이트 기판 상에 탑재되는 예시의 SMT 장치의 상부도 및 측면도를 도시한다;
도 84a 및 도 84b는, 본 발명에 따른 다이의 탑재를 위해 준비되는 라미네이트 기판의 상부도 및 측면도를 도시한다;
도 85a 및 도 85b는, 라미네이트 기판 상에 탑재되는 다이의 상부도 및 측면도를 도시한다;
도 86a 및 도 86b는 본 발명에 따른 와이어본드에 의해 라미네이트 기판에 전기적으로 접속되는 다이의 상부도 및 측면도를 도시한다;
도 87a 및 도 87b는, 라미네이트 기판 상에 형성되고, 와이어본드에 의해 정의되는 영역과 와이어본드 외부의 영역 사이의 전자기(EM; electromagnetic) 격리를 가능하게 하도록 구성된 와이어본드의 상부도 및 측면도를 도시한다;
도 88은 본 발명에 따른 라미네이트 기판 위의 영역에 몰딩 화합물(molding compound)을 도입하기 위한 몰딩 구성의 측면도를 도시한다;
도 89는 도 88의 몰딩 구성을 통해 형성된 오버몰드의 측면도를 도시한다;
도 90은 오버몰드를 갖는 패널의 정면을 도시한다;
도 91은 EM 격리 와이어본드의 상위부를 노출하기 위해 오버몰드의 상위부가 어떻게 제거될 수 있는지의 측면도를 도시한다;
도 92a는 오버몰드의 일부가 그 상위부를 제거하여 EM 격리 와이어본드의 상위부를 더 양호하게 노출시키는 패널의 일부의 이미지를 도시한다;
도 92b는 EM 격리 와이어본드의 노출된 상위부와 함께 도전성 표면을 형성하기 위해 패널의 상부에 스프레잉된 금속 페인트의 적용을 도시하는 도 92a와 유사한 도면이다;
도 93은, 도전층이 EM 격리 와이어본드의 노출된 상위부와 전기적으로 접촉하도록 오버몰드 위에 형성된 도전층의 측면도를 도시한다;
도 94는 본 발명의 교시에 따라 도전층이 스프레이-온 금속 페인트(spray-on metallic paint)일 수 있는 패널의 이미지를 도시한다;
도 95는 패널로부터 절단되는 개개의 팩키징된 모듈을 도시한다;
도 96a, 96b, 및 96c는 개개의 팩키징된 모듈의 도면을 도시한다;
도 97은, 무선 전화 기판에 탑재되는 모듈들 중 하나 이상이 본 발명에서 설명되는 하나 이상의 특징을 포함할 수 있다는 것을 도시하는 블록도이다;
도 98a는 도 97의 전화 기판 등의 회로 기판 상에 본 발명에서 설명되는 하나 이상의 특징을 갖는 팩키징된 모듈을 설치하기 위해 구현될 수 있는 프로세스의 흐름도이다;
도 98b는 팩키징된 모듈이 설치되어 있는 회로 기판을 도시하는 블록도이다;
도 98c는 팩키징된 모듈이 설치되어 있는 회로 기판을 갖는 무선 장치를 도시하는 블록도이다;
도 98d는 팔라듐(Pd) 격리 구조를 갖는 전자 장치를 도시한다;
도 99a는 본 발명의 특정 실시예에 따른 비아 배치(via placement)를 결정하는 예시적 프로세스의 흐름도이다;
도 99b는 본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따른 비아 배치를 결정하는 예시적 프로세스의 흐름도이다;
도 100a 및 도 100b는 상이한 비아 배치에 대응하는 예시적 전자기 간섭(EMI) 프로파일이다;
도 100c는 도 100a 및 도 100b의 EMI 데이터에 대한 범례이다;
도 101은 비아 밀도와 역 복사된 전력(inverse radiated power) 사이의 관계를 나타내는 그래프이다;
도 102a 및 도 102b는, 각각 도 100a 및 도 100b에 도시된 EMI 프로파일에 대응하는 비아 배치를 갖는 기판의 상부 평면도이다;
도 103은 본 발명의 양태에 따른 팩키징 프로세스의 일부로서 통합된 EMI 차폐를 제공하는 방법의 한 예를 나타내는 프로세스 단계들을 갖는 흐름도이다;
도 104는 기판과 이에 탑재된 하나 이상의 다이를 포함하는 전자 모듈의 한 예의 측면도이다;
도 105는 본 발명의 양태에 따른 통합된 EMI 차폐를 병합한 장치 팩키지의 한 예의 단면 측면도이다;
도 106a은 본 발명의 양태에 따른 통합된 EMI 차폐를 병합한 장치 팩키지의 또 다른 예의 단면 측면도이다;
도 106b는 본 발명의 양태에 따른 연속적인 와이어본드 트랙을 나타내는 장치 팩키지의 일부의 평면도이다;
도 107은 본 발명의 양태에 따른 와이어본드 스프링의 한 예의 예시이다;
도 108은 본 발명의 양태에 따른 와이어본드 스프링을 형성하는 방법의 한 예를 나타내는 흐름도이다;
도 109는 본 발명의 양태에 따른 와이어본드 스프링의 한 예의 상세한 확대도이다;
도 110은 본 발명의 양태에 따른 트랜스퍼 몰딩 프로세스(transfer molding process) 동안 와이어본드 스프링의 변형을 나타내는 도 109와 유사한 도면이다;
도 111은 본 발명의 양태에 따른 장치 팩키지에 병합된 와이어본드 스프링의 한 예의 단면 측면도 이미지이다;
도 112는 본 발명의 양태에 따른 와이어본드 스프링의 한 예의 평면도 이미지이다.
Claims (29)
- 전력 증폭기 모듈로서,
콜렉터, 상기 콜렉터에 인접한 베이스, 및 에미터를 갖는 갈륨 비소(GaAs) 쌍극성 트랜지스터를 포함하는 전력 증폭기 - 상기 콜렉터는 상기 베이스와의 접합부(junction)에서 적어도 3x1016 cm-3의 도핑 농도를 가지며, 상기 콜렉터는 또한, 상기 베이스로부터 멀어질수록 도핑 농도가 증가하는 적어도 제1 계조(grading)를 가짐 - ; 및
상기 전력 증폭기에 의해 구동되는 RF 전송 라인 - 상기 RF 전송 라인은 도전층과 상기 도전층 상의 마무리 도금(finish plating)을 포함하고, 상기 마무리 도금은, 금층(gold layer), 상기 금층에 근접한 팔라듐층, 및 상기 팔라듐층에 근접한 확산 장벽층을 포함하며, 상기 확산 장벽층은 니켈을 포함하고 0.9 GHz에서 니켈의 표피 깊이(skin depth)보다 작은 두께를 가짐 -
을 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전력 증폭기의 출력의 기본 주파수(fundamental frequency)와 정합하도록 구성된 제1 종단 회로(termination circuit) 및 상기 전력 증폭기의 출력의 고조파(harmonic)의 위상에서 종단(terminate)되도록 구성된 제2 종단 회로를 갖춘 출력 정합망(output matching network)을 더 포함하고, 상기 제1 종단 회로는 상기 RF 전송 라인의 적어도 일부를 포함하는, 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전력 증폭기는, 질화 탄탈 종단처리된 관통-웨이퍼 비아(tantalum nitride terminated through wafer via)를 갖는 전력 증폭기 다이 상에 포함되는, 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제3항에 있어서, 상기 전력 증폭기 다이는, GaAs 기판, 상기 GaAs 기판의 제1 측면(side) 상에 배치된 금층, 및 상기 제1 측면에 대향하는 상기 GaAs 기판의 제2 측면 상에 배치된 구리층을 더 포함하고, 상기 질화 탄탈 종단처리된 관통-웨이퍼 비아는 상기 금층을 상기 구리층에 전기적으로 접속하도록 구성된, 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 전력 증폭기 다이는, 상기 구리층으로부터 상기 GaAs 기판으로의 구리의 확산을 금지하도록 상기 구리층과 상기 금층 사이의 계면의 적어도 일부를 둘러싸도록 구성된 질화 탄탈 종단 영역(tantalum nitride termination region)을 더 포함하는, 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 GaAs 쌍극성 트랜지스터는, 전력 증폭기 다이 상에 포함된 이종접합 쌍극성 트랜지스터(HBT; heterojunction bipolar transistor)이고, 상기 전력 증폭기 다이는 적어도 하나의 HBT 층으로부터 형성된 저항을 더 포함하는, 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 RF 전송 라인의 상기 금층과 접촉하는 와이어본드(wirebond), 상기 와이어본드에 인접한 적어도 하나의 엣지(edge), 및 상기 적어도 하나의 엣지에 인접하고 상기 RF 전송 라인의 니켈층, 상기 RF 전송 라인의 팔라듐층, 및 상기 RF 전송 라인의 금층이 없는 적어도 하나의 측벽을 더 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제1항에 있어서,
직렬 인터페이스를 제공하도록 구성된 프론트 엔드 코어(front end core)를 갖는 듀얼 모드 제어 인터페이스;
전압 입력/출력(VIO; voltage input/output) 신호를 수신하도록 구성된 전압 입력/출력(VIO) 핀 ―상기 VIO 신호는 상기 프론트 엔드 코어의 동작 모드가 활성 상태와 비활성 상태 중 하나로 설정될 것인지를 결정하고, 상기 듀얼 모드 제어 인터페이스는, 상기 프론트 엔드 코어가 상기 비활성 상태로 설정될 때 범용 입력/출력(GPIO; general purpose input/output) 인터페이스를 제공하도록 구성됨―;
각각 인에이블 레벨 쉬프터(enable level shifter)와 모드 레벨 쉬프터(mode level shifter)에 인에이블 신호와 모드 신호를 제공하도록 구성된 조합 로직 블록(combinational logic block); 및
상기 VIO 신호에 기초하여 각각 상기 인에이블 레벨 쉬프터와 상기 모드 레벨 쉬프터에 제공할 상기 인에이블 신호와 상기 모드 신호를 선택하도록 구성된 파워 온 리셋(power on reset)
을 더 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 전력 증폭기 모듈의 주변부를 따라 배치된 와이어본드들을 포함하는 RF 격리 구조(RF isolation structure)를 더 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 전력 증폭기 모듈로서,
RF 입력 신호를 수신하고 증폭된 RF 출력 신호를 생성하도록 구성된 전력 증폭기 - 상기 전력 증폭기는 콜렉터, 상기 콜렉터에 인접한 베이스, 및 에미터를 갖는 GaAs 쌍극성 트랜지스터를 포함하고, 상기 콜렉터는 상기 베이스와의 접합부에서 적어도 3x1016 cm-3의 도핑 농도를 가지며, 상기 콜렉터는 또한, 상기 베이스로부터 멀어질수록 도핑 농도가 증가하는 적어도 제1 계조를 가짐 - ; 및
상기 증폭된 RF 출력 신호의 기본 주파수의 임피던스와 정합하도록 구성된 제1 종단 회로, 및 상기 제1 종단 회로와 분리되어 있고 상기 증폭된 RF 출력 신호의 고조파 주파수에 대응하는 위상에서 종단되도록 구성된 제2 종단 회로를 포함하는 출력 정합망
을 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈. - 제10항에 있어서, 상기 전력 증폭기는 확산 장벽층을 갖는 RF 전송 라인을 구동하고, 상기 확산 장벽층은 니켈을 포함하고 0.5 μm 미만의 두께를 갖는, 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제11항에 있어서, 와이어본드는 상기 전력 증폭기의 출력을 상기 RF 전송 라인에 전기적으로 접속하고, 상기 와이어본드는 상기 제1 종단 회로에 포함되는, 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제11항에 있어서, 단일 다이 상에서 무선 주파수 프론트 엔드(RFFE; radio frequency front end) 직렬 인터페이스와 3-모드 범용 입력/출력(three-mode general purpose input/output(GPIO)) 인터페이스 양쪽 모두를 제공하도록 구성된 듀얼 모드 제어 인터페이스를 더 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 전력 증폭기 모듈의 주변부를 따라 배치된 와이어본드를 포함하는 RF 격리 구조를 더 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 전력 증폭기 모듈로서,
RF 입력 신호를 수신하고 증폭된 RF 신호를 생성하도록 구성된 전력 증폭기;
상기 증폭된 RF 신호를 전파하도록 구성된 RF 전송 라인 ― 상기 RF 전송 라인은, 상기 증폭된 RF 신호를 수신하도록 구성된 금층, 상기 금층에 근접한 팔라듐층, 상기 팔라듐층에 근접한 확산 장벽층, 및 상기 확산 장벽층에 근접한 도전층을 포함하고, 상기 확산 장벽층은 니켈을 포함하고 0.45 GHz에서 니켈의 표피 깊이보다 작은 두께를 가짐 ―;
상기 증폭된 RF 신호의 기본 주파수의 임피던스와 정합하도록 구성되고, 상기 RF 전송 라인의 적어도 일부를 포함하는 제1 종단 회로; 및
상기 제1 종단 회로로부터 분리되고, 상기 증폭된 RF 신호의 고조파 주파수에 대응하는 위상에서 종단되도록 구성된 제2 종단 회로
를 포함하고, 상기 전력 증폭기는 적어도 하나의 와이어본드에 의해 상기 제1 종단 회로에 전기적으로 결합되고, 상기 전력 증폭기는 상기 제1 종단 회로와는 상이한 개수의 와이어본드에 의해 상기 제2 종단 회로에 전기적으로 결합되는, 전력 증폭기 모듈. - 제15항에 있어서, 상기 전력 증폭기는, 콜렉터, 상기 콜렉터에 인접한 베이스, 및 에미터를 갖는 GaAs 쌍극성 트랜지스터를 포함하고, 상기 콜렉터는 상기 베이스와의 접합부에서 적어도 3x1016 cm-3의 도핑 농도를 가지며, 상기 콜렉터는 또한, 상기 베이스로부터 멀어질수록 도핑 농도가 증가하는 적어도 제1 계조를 갖는, 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제15항에 있어서, 단일 다이 상에서 무선 주파수 프론트 엔드(RFFE; radio frequency front end) 직렬 인터페이스와 범용 입력/출력(GPIO; general purpose input/output) 인터페이스 양쪽 모두를 제공하도록 구성된 듀얼 모드 제어 인터페이스를 더 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제15항에 있어서, 상기 전력 증폭기 모듈의 주변부를 따라 배치된 와이어본드들을 포함하는 RF 격리 구조를 더 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 전력 증폭기 모듈로서,
복수의 컴포넌트를 수용하도록 구성되고, 그 위에 RF 전송 라인을 포함하는 기판 ― 상기 RF 전송 라인은 도전층과 상기 도전층 상의 마무리 도금을 포함하고, 상기 마무리 도금은, 금층, 상기 금층에 근접한 팔라듐층, 및 상기 팔라듐층에 근접한 확산 장벽층을 포함하며, 상기 확산 장벽층은 니켈을 포함하고 0.45 GHz의 주파수에서 니켈의 표피 깊이보다 작은 두께를 가짐 ―;
상기 기판에 결합된 제1 다이 ― 상기 제1 다이는 상기 RF 전송 라인의 상기 금층에 전기적으로 접속된 출력을 갖는 전력 증폭기를 포함하고, 상기 제1 다이는 상기 제1 다이의 하나 이상의 조건에 의존하는 속성을 갖는 수동 컴포넌트(passive component)를 더 포함함 ―; 및
상기 기판에 결합된 제2 다이 ― 상기 제2 다이는 상기 제1 다이의 상기 수동 컴포넌트의 속성의 표시자에 적어도 부분적으로 기초하여 바이어스 신호를 생성하도록 구성된 바이어스 생성 회로를 포함함 ―
를 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈. - 제19항에 있어서, 상기 전력 증폭기의 출력의 기본 주파수와 정합하도록 구성된 제1 종단 회로 및 상기 전력 증폭기의 출력의 고조파의 위상에서 종단되도록 구성된 제2 종단 회로를 갖춘 출력 정합망을 더 포함하고, 상기 제1 종단 회로는 상기 RF 전송 라인의 적어도 일부를 포함하는, 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 제1 다이는 질화 탄탈 종단처리된 관통-웨이퍼 비아를 갖는, 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 제1 다이는 HBT 장치와 적어도 하나의 HBT 층으로 형성된 저항을 포함하는, 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 전력 증폭기 주위에 배치된 상기 기판 내의 복수의 비아 및 상기 전력 증폭기 모듈의 주변부를 따라 배치된 와이어본드들을 포함하는 RF 격리 구조를 더 포함하고, 상기 복수의 비아는 상기 전력 증폭기 모듈의 제2 영역보다 상기 전력 증폭기 모듈의 제1 영역에서 더 높은 밀도를 가지며, 상기 제1 영역은 상기 제2 영역보다 높은 전자기 간섭과 연관되는, 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 전력 증폭기 모듈로서,
복수의 컴포넌트를 수용하도록 구성되고, 마무리 도금을 갖는 기판 ― 상기 마무리 도금은, 금층, 상기 금층에 근접한 팔라듐층, 및 상기 팔라듐층에 근접한 확산 장벽층을 포함하며, 상기 확산 장벽층은 니켈을 포함하고 0.45 GHz에서 니켈의 표피 깊이보다 작은 두께를 가짐 ―;
전력 증폭기와 적어도 하나의 질화 탄탈 종단처리된 관통-웨이퍼 비아를 포함하는 전력 증폭기 다이 ― 상기 전력 증폭기는 RF 입력 신호를 수신하고 증폭된 RF 신호를 생성하도록 구성됨 ―; 및
상기 증폭된 RF 신호의 고조파의 위상에서 종단되도록 구성된 종단 회로 ― 상기 종단 회로는 상기 전력 증폭기의 출력을 상기 마무리 도금의 상기 금층에 전기적으로 결합하도록 구성된 적어도 하나의 와이어본드를 포함함 ―
를 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈. - 제24항에 있어서, 상기 전력 증폭기 다이는, 온-다이 수동 컴포넌트(on-die passive component), 상기 온-다이 수동 컴포넌트에 전기적으로 접속된 제1 리드(lead), 및 상기 증폭된 RF 신호를 수신하도록 구성된 제2 리드를 포함하는, 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제25항에 있어서, 상기 마무리 도금의 제1 부분은 상기 제1 리드에 전기적으로 접속되고 상기 마무리 도금의 제2 부분은 상기 제2 리드에 전기적으로 접속됨으로써 상기 마무리 도금의 제1 포션으로부터의 전류를 보내는(direct), 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제24항에 있어서, 상기 전력 증폭기 다이는 이종접합 쌍극성 트랜지스터와 이종접합 쌍극성 재료층을 포함하는 저항을 포함하는, 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제24항에 있어서, 상기 전력 증폭기는, 콜렉터, 상기 콜렉터에 인접한 베이스, 및 에미터를 갖는 GaAs 쌍극성 트랜지스터를 포함하고, 상기 콜렉터는 상기 베이스와의 접합부에서 적어도 3x1016 cm-3의 도핑 농도를 가지며, 상기 콜렉터는 또한, 상기 베이스로부터 멀어질수록 도핑 농도가 증가하는 적어도 제1 계조를 갖는, 전력 증폭기 모듈.
- 제24항에 있어서,
직렬 인터페이스를 제공하도록 구성된 프론트 엔드 코어를 갖는 듀얼 모드 제어 인터페이스;
전압 입력/출력(VIO; voltage input/output) 신호를 수신하도록 구성된 전압 입력/출력(VIO) 핀 ―상기 VIO 신호는 상기 프론트 엔드 코어의 동작 모드가 활성 상태와 비활성 상태 중 하나로 설정될 것인지를 결정하고, 상기 듀얼 모드 제어 인터페이스는, 상기 프론트 엔드 코어가 상기 비활성 상태로 설정될 때 범용 입력/출력(GPIO) 인터페이스를 제공하도록 구성됨―;
각각 인에이블 레벨 쉬프터와 모드 레벨 쉬프터에 인에이블 신호와 모드 신호를 제공하도록 구성된 조합 로직 블록; 및
상기 VIO 신호에 기초하여 각각 상기 인에이블 레벨 쉬프터와 상기 모드 레벨 쉬프터에 제공할 상기 인에이블 신호와 상기 모드 신호를 선택하도록 구성된 파워 온 리셋
을 더 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈.
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PCT/US2013/045742 WO2013188712A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 | 2013-06-13 | Power amplifier modules including related systems, devices, and methods |
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KR1020157037048A Division KR20160006257A (ko) | 2012-06-14 | 2013-06-13 | Bifet 및 고조파 종단 및 관련된 시스템, 장치, 및 방법을 갖는 전력 증폭기 모듈 |
KR1020157001695A Division KR101921686B1 (ko) | 2012-06-14 | 2013-06-13 | 와이어 본드 패드 및 관련된 시스템, 장치, 및 방법을 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈 |
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KR1020187033462A Active KR101983959B1 (ko) | 2012-06-14 | 2013-06-13 | 전력 증폭기와 전송 라인을 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈 및 관련된 시스템, 장치, 및 방법 |
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KR1020157037045A Active KR101680511B1 (ko) | 2012-06-14 | 2013-06-13 | 계조를 갖는 쌍극성 트랜지스터 및 관련된 시스템, 장치, 및 방법을 포함하는 전력 증폭기 모듈 |
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