JP6707519B2 - 膜 - Google Patents
膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6707519B2 JP6707519B2 JP2017505551A JP2017505551A JP6707519B2 JP 6707519 B2 JP6707519 B2 JP 6707519B2 JP 2017505551 A JP2017505551 A JP 2017505551A JP 2017505551 A JP2017505551 A JP 2017505551A JP 6707519 B2 JP6707519 B2 JP 6707519B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte membrane
- nanofibers
- polymer
- porous mat
- membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 131
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 poly(pyrimidine) Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000292 Polyquinoline Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000047703 Nonion Species 0.000 claims 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 101000575041 Homo sapiens Male-enhanced antigen 1 Proteins 0.000 description 14
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical class O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 7
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 101100337414 Mus musculus Golga3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003937 Aquivion® Polymers 0.000 description 5
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101001012669 Homo sapiens Melanoma inhibitory activity protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 101000585728 Homo sapiens Protein O-GlcNAcase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102100029778 Melanoma inhibitory activity protein 2 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 102100030122 Protein O-GlcNAcase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940044613 1-propanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002292 Radical scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQVHMOLNSYFXIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NN(C=1)CC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O)C(=O)O PQVHMOLNSYFXIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003934 Aciplex® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003935 Flemion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920012266 Poly(ether sulfone) PES Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000295 expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1044—Mixtures of polymers, of which at least one is ionically conductive
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- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
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- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1214—Chemically bonded layers, e.g. cross-linking
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- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/62—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/08—Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/16—Organic material
- B01J39/18—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J39/19—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/08—Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/16—Organic material
- B01J39/18—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J39/20—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2256—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
- C08J5/2262—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2268—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, and by reactions not involving this type of bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
- C25B13/08—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
- C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Description
(i)非イオン的伝導性複素環式ポリマーからなるナノファイバーの多孔質マットであって、複素環式ポリマーが塩基性官能基を含み、有機溶媒に可溶である、多孔質マット、及び
(ii)部分的に又は完全にフッ素化されたスルホン酸ポリマーであるイオン伝導性ポリマー
を備えた電解質膜であって、
多孔質マットがイオン伝導性ポリマーで基本的に完全に含浸されており、電解質膜内の多孔質マットの厚さが電解質膜の厚さの少なくとも80%にわたって分布している、
電解質膜を提供する。
イオン伝導性ポリマー(溶液/分散液中の)を、担体材料上にキャストする。イオン伝導性ポリマーの層がまだ湿っている間に、多孔質のナノファイバーマットを湿潤層中に敷き、イオン伝導性ポリマーを多孔質マットの一面に含浸させる。イオン伝導性ポリマーのさらなる層を多孔質マットの第2の面に適用し、第2の面から多孔質マット中に含浸させる。含浸させた多孔質マットを乾燥させ、適切にはアニーリングして電解質膜を形成する。
(i)白金族金属(白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、ルテニウム、イリジウム及びオスミウム)、
(ii)金又は銀、
(iii)卑金属、
又はこれら金属又はそれらの酸化物のうちの一又は複数を含む合金又は混合物から選択される。好ましい電解触媒金属は白金であり、これは他の貴金属又は卑金属と合金化することができる。電解触媒が担持された触媒である場合、炭素担体材料上の金属粒子の負荷は、適切には、結果として得られる電解触媒の重量の10〜90wt%、好ましくは15〜75wt%の範囲である。
(i)本発明の電解質膜を二つのガス拡散電極(一つのアノードと一つのカソード)の間に挟むことができる方法;
(ii)一方の側に触媒層を有する本発明の触媒化電解質膜を、触媒化電解質膜の触媒成分を有する側に接触するガス拡散層と、ガス拡散電極の間に挟むことができる方法;又は
(iii)両側に触媒成分を有する本発明の触媒化電解質膜を、二つのガス拡散層の間に挟むことができる方法
を含む複数の方法で作製することができる。
膜の製造
PBI Performance Products Inc.から得られるポリ[2,2`−(m−フェニレン)−5,5`−ビベンズイミダゾール](PBI)を、以下のパラメーターを用いて、ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc)中13%溶液からエレクトロスピニングした:印加電圧15kV、流速0.12mL/時;針コレクターの距離10cm;ドラム式コレクター回転速度800rpm;及び並行移動速度10mm/s。エレクトロスピニングされたマットをドラムから取り出した。
DMAc/アセトン中20wt%のポリエーテルサルホン(PES)の溶液を、回転及び並行移動ドラム式コレクター上に25℃でエレクトロスピニングした。ナノファイバーを、140℃で収集及びプレスした。Solvay Specialty Polymers社のAquivion(登録商標)PFSA当量700g/molの分散物(H2O/1−プロパノール/DMAc中70/30で13重量%)を、ドクターブレード法を用いてテフロンプレート上にキャストした。次いで、PESエレクトロスピニングマットを、キャストしたPFSA分散物の上に直接配置した。次いでPFSA分散物の第2の層を、PESエレクトロスピニングマット上にキャストした。膜全体の厚さを、ドクターブレードのゲート厚保により制御した。キャストされた電解質膜を50℃で、次いで120℃で、次いで145℃で乾燥させた。
790g/mol(EW790)の当量でAquivion(登録商標)PFSAから調製された30μmの非強化膜
実施例1で使用された、700g/mol(EW700)の当量のAquivion(登録商標)PFSAから調製された30μmの非強化膜
MEA1:実施例1の膜及び電極を、テンプレートを使用して52x52mmにカットし、サブガスケットを使用して25cm2の活性面積を画定した。電極は、アノードに0.2mg/cm2の、カソードに0.4mg/cm2の白金触媒負荷をそれぞれ有する標準的な電極であった。MEAを、150℃で5分間のホットプレスにより作製した。
開放電圧(OCV)ホールド加速ストレス試験:
膜の耐久性を評価するために、OCVホールド試験を以下の条件下で実施した:膜電極アセンブリを、85℃及び13%RHで開放電圧に保持し、セル電圧の下降を一定の時間にわたって監視した。図5に示すように、MEA3はOCVの大きな下降を示す一方、MEA1のOCVの下降はそれよりもずっと小さかった。
加水/脱水により引き起こされる体積の変化に対する膜の耐久性をさらに評価するために、湿性−乾性サイクル試験を、80℃及びOCVで、0%のRH(10分)から90℃の露点(10分)までを循環させることにより実施した。図6は、MEA1がMEA2及びMEA3と比較してはるかに安定性が高いことを示している。150時間後、MEA2とMEA3はOCVの崩壊率の上昇を示したが、MEA1は、依然として安定であり、MEA2及びMEA3と比較して有意に低い崩壊率を示し、これは、ナノファイバーの強化により、加水と脱水による体積変化により生じるストレスに対する機械的強度及び一体性が提供され、その結果安定性が大きく向上したことを示している。
活性面積45cm2の9個のMEAを含む短い燃料電池スタックを、MEA4、MEA5及びMEA6の各々からなる3個のMEAを含むように構築した。スタックを、現実環境における燃料電池の動作の実際の荷重サイクル条件を再現するように設計された加速耐久性試験のプロトコール化で動作させた。試験のプロトコールは、一定の高電流動作の反復期間と、それに続く高電流条件と低電流条件の循環、次いで低電流条件からシャットダウンへの切り替えと定電流条件へのスタートアップ(即ちオン−オフサイクルの繰り返し)を含んでいた。これら実際の動作モード間の急速なサイクルは、もっと短い時間の間に、現実生活動作の10万時間にわたる実際の燃料電池動作に見られるであろう動作特性を加速するように設計された。加速試験サイクルは、50kPagの入口圧及び30%の入口相対湿度(RH)、80℃のスタック温度で実施された。ガスを、アノードについて1.5×ストイキオメトリで、カソードについて2.0×ストイキオメトリで供給した。耐久性試験は約2000時間にわたり実行された。耐久性試験のプロトコール中定期的に、スタック中のMEAの性能を、電流対電圧分極化を実行することにより測定した。このような分極化試験は、アノード及びカソード両方について、70℃のスタック温度、大気圧、100%RHで実施した。水素/空気に対する分極化測定に基づいて、0.3Acm−2の電流密度における個々の電池電圧対時間のグラフを作成した。MEA4、MEA5及びMEA6のMEA型各々の電池電圧は、短いスタックに取り込まれた各種類3つのMEAから平均化された。
Claims (15)
- (i)非イオン伝導性複素環式ポリマーから構成される絡み合ったナノファイバーから形成される多孔質マットであって、複素環式ポリマーが、塩基性官能基を含み、かつ有機溶媒に可溶であり、ナノファイバーが、100〜400nmの平均直径を有する、多孔質マット、及び
(ii)部分的に又は完全にフッ素化されたスルホン酸ポリマーであるイオン伝導性ポリマー
を備えた電解質膜であって、
多孔質マットがイオン伝導性ポリマーで基本的に完全に含浸されており、電解質膜における多孔質マットの厚さが電解質膜の厚さの少なくとも80%にわたって分布している、
電解質膜。 - ナノファイバーがスピニングされたナノファイバーである、請求項1に記載の電解質膜。
- (i)非イオン伝導性複素環式ポリマーから構成される絡み合ったナノファイバーから形成される多孔質マットであって、複素環式ポリマーが、塩基性官能基を含み、かつ有機溶媒に可溶であり、ナノファイバーが、スピニングされたナノファイバーである、多孔質マット、及び
(ii)部分的に又は完全にフッ素化されたスルホン酸ポリマーであるイオン伝導性ポリマー
を備えた電解質膜であって、
多孔質マットがイオン伝導性ポリマーで基本的に完全に含浸されており、電解質膜における多孔質マットの厚さが電解質膜の厚さの少なくとも80%にわたって分布している、
電解質膜。 - 複素環式ポリマーが、ポリベンズイミダゾール、ポリ(ピリジン)、ポリ(ピリミジン)、ポリベンズチアゾール、ポリオキサジアゾール、ポリキノリン、ポリキノキサリン、ポリチアジアゾール、ポリトリアゾール、ポリオキサゾール及びポリチアゾール、並びにこれらの誘導体の群から選択される、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の電解質膜。
- 複素環式ポリマーがポリアゾール又はその誘導体である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の電解質膜。
- ポリアゾールが、ポリベンズイミダゾール、ポリトリアゾール、ポリチアゾール及びポリジチアゾール、並びにこれらの誘導体からなる群より選択される、請求項5に記載の電解質膜。
- 多孔質マットが70〜98%の範囲の空隙率を有する、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の電解質膜。
- 多孔質マットが1.0g/m2から7g/m2の範囲の平均坪量を有する、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の電解質膜。
- 電解質膜内のイオン伝導性ポリマー:ナノファイバーの重量比が70:30より大きい、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の電解質膜。
- 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の電解質膜と、前記電解質膜の第1及び/又は第2の面上の触媒層とを備える触媒化膜。
- 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の電解質膜と、前記電解質膜の第1及び/又は第2の面上のガス拡散電極とを備える膜電極アセンブリ。
- 請求項10に記載の触媒化膜と、前記触媒層上のガス拡散層とを備える、膜電極アセンブリ。
- 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の電解質膜と、請求項10に記載の触媒化膜又は請求項11若しくは12に記載の膜電極アセンブリとを備える燃料電池。
- 燃料電池がPEMFCである、請求項13に記載の燃料電池。
- 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の電解質膜を備える電気分解装置。
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PCT/GB2015/052253 WO2016020668A1 (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2015-08-04 | Membrane |
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EP3609008B1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2021-06-02 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Composite polymer electrolyte membrane |
KR102293177B1 (ko) | 2017-11-30 | 2021-08-26 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 고분자 전해질 막, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 막 전극 어셈블리 |
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JP2015065153A (ja) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-04-09 | 三菱製紙株式会社 | 電気化学素子用セパレータ、電気化学素子用セパレータの製造方法及び電気化学素子 |
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US20170279142A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
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CN107078327A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
KR102473497B1 (ko) | 2022-12-05 |
WO2016020668A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
JP2017532716A (ja) | 2017-11-02 |
EP3177388A1 (en) | 2017-06-14 |
US10777833B2 (en) | 2020-09-15 |
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CN107078327B (zh) | 2020-09-22 |
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