CN116041560B - 一种规模化制备类志贺邻单胞菌特异性多糖的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的目的提供一种规模化制备类志贺邻单胞菌特异性多糖的方法,类志贺邻单胞菌是一种革兰氏阴性杆菌,可引起急性腹泻和食物中毒,其O抗原与多种痢疾血清型存在交叉反应。特异性多糖(也称O‑特异性多糖)是O抗原的一个组成部分,本发明以类志贺邻单胞菌菌体为原料,通过发酵培养、水解、纯化等步骤制备特异性多糖,制备出的特异性多糖可以作为原材料或终产品用于疾病诊断、预防、治疗等,也可制备特异性多糖的标准品或参比品,也可以用于制备偶联疫苗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种规模化制备类志贺邻单胞菌特异性多糖(也称O-特异性多糖)的方法,属于生物制品领域。
技术背景
类志贺邻单胞菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,广泛存在于自然界,主要引起胃肠道疾病和伤口感染,也可能引起脑膜炎、菌血症等疾病。按O抗原可分为100多个血清型,其中一些血清型与宋内氏志贺氏菌、痢疾志贺氏菌、鲍氏志贺氏菌、福氏志贺氏菌等痢疾杆菌存在血清型的交叉反应(Linnerborg M et al.,Structure elucidation of O-antigenlipopolysaccharide from two strains of Plesiomona shigelloides that share atype specific antigen with Shigella flexneri 6and the common group 1antigenwith shigella flexneri spp and shigella dysenteriae 1[J].Eur J Biochem 1995,231:839-844)。例如,可以使用7-63-5株类志贺邻单胞菌菌株替代宋内氏痢疾菌制备宋内氏痢疾多糖(杜琳等,类志贺邻单胞菌7-63-5株及其多糖的研究,微生物学免疫学进展2006,34(3):1-4),制备宋内氏痢疾多糖蛋白结合疫苗。
革兰氏阴性菌的特异性多糖是脂多糖的一部分。脂多糖是革兰氏阴性细菌外膜外侧的最主要成分,由3部分组成,分别是特异性多糖、核心多糖和脂质A。其中特异性多糖是位于细菌最外侧的结构,是细菌逃避宿主免疫攻击的保护层,也是宿主免疫细胞俘获细菌的靶点,它决定了细菌的抗原特性,反映了细菌的血清型别;核心多糖是连接特异性多糖和脂类A的部分;脂质A是脂多糖的致热源部分。由于特异性多糖部分决定着细菌的血清型别,在结构上具有型特异性,是细菌诊断、病原菌预防和传染病治疗的主要抗原成分。
现有的特异性多糖制备方法主要是先制备脂多糖,再将脂多糖水解后,经离心、透析、沉淀等纯化后获得特异性多糖。专利(CN 101693747 A)中提出使用菌体直接水解,经离心去除菌体、乙醇沉淀收集特异性多糖粗品、复溶后离心、超滤、层析等步骤收获特异性多糖,本发明进一步优化了特异性多糖制备工艺,与前述发明相比,本发明简化了操作步骤,不使用有机溶剂沉淀方法制备多糖,减少了废弃有机溶剂对环境的影响,且收获率较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种规模化制备类志贺邻单胞菌特异性多糖的方法。
本发明所述规模化制备类志贺邻单胞菌特异性多糖的方法,以类志贺邻单胞菌为原料,经发酵培养、水解、纯化等步骤获得特异性多糖。
其中,发酵培养,包括以下步骤:
(1)复苏菌种,将菌种接种于固体培养基,35~37℃条件下,静置培养,
(2)传代培养,将复苏菌种接种至液体培养基中,35~37℃,100~200rpm振荡条件下培养4~12小时,
(3)发酵罐培养,将传代培养菌液接种至发酵罐中,发酵条件:35~37℃,pH6~8,100~300rpm搅拌,通入压缩空气培养,
(4)取样检测并绘制生长曲线,选择对数生长期后期至稳定期前期灭活,
(5)将灭活后的发酵液离心或过滤,收集沉淀,即为类志贺邻单胞菌菌体,
其中,发酵罐培养,可以使用10~100L单罐发酵,也可以使用多级罐连续发酵的方式。
其中,水解,包括以下步骤:
(1)取菌体加入溶剂中,制成5%~10%浓度的菌悬液,
(2)调节菌悬液pH值至2~4,
(3)加热至90~100℃,持续搅拌下反应60~200分钟,
(4)将反应液置于冰水浴中,加入沉淀剂,
(5)静置1~3小时,离心或过滤后收集水解液,
其中,配制菌悬液可采用纯水、注射用水,也可采用氯化钠溶液、氯化钾、醋酸钠溶液等盐类溶液。优选纯水、注射用水。
其中,沉淀剂为胆酸或胆酸盐及其衍生物,添加浓度为0.1%~2%,优选0.5%~1%。
其中,纯化,包括以下步骤:
(1)调节水解上清液pH值至中性,
(2)使用超滤膜包将水解液上清超滤浓缩,收集截留组份,
(3)使用0.01mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液,将截留组份透析洗涤,收集透析液,
(4)使用离子交换类层析介质,将透析液层析分离,收集206nm处流穿组份,
(5)使用超滤膜包将流穿组份超滤浓缩,注射用水置换样品中盐分,收集多糖溶液,
(6)将多糖溶液置于-30℃以下冷冻2~6小时后冻干,即为特异性多糖。
其中,超滤选用100Kd-5Kd、50Kd-5Kd、30Kd-5Kd、100Kd-3Kd、50Kd-3Kd、30Kd-3Kd中任意一组超滤膜包的组合形式。优选50Kd-3Kd、30Kd-3Kd超滤膜包。
其中,离子交换层析介质采用CM(羧甲基)纤维素、DEAE(二乙基胺乙基)纤维素、羟基磷灰石等介质,可单一使用,也可相互搭配使用。优选DEAE。
本发明特别涉及的类志贺邻单胞菌特异性多糖可以作为原材料或终产品用于类志贺邻单胞菌所引起疾病诊断、预防、治疗等,也可制备特异性多糖的标准品或参比品,可用于制备偶联疫苗。同时,也可用于替代与类志贺邻单胞菌存在血清交叉反应的痢疾杆菌的特异性多糖,作为原材料或终产品用于痢疾杆菌所引起疾病诊断、预防、治疗等,制备特异性多糖的标准品或参比品,用于制备偶联疫苗。
本发明的制备方法相对于现有方法而言,其优点在于:
1)可以进行规模化生产,每100L发酵液可收获菌体达2kg以上,每1kg菌体可收获特异性多糖达1.5g以上,
2)操作工艺简单,本领域操作人员易掌握,
3)避免使用苯酚、醇类、酮类等有害有机溶剂的使用,减少了对操作人员危害和环境的污染,
4)所制备的特异性多糖,不仅可用于类志贺邻单胞菌相关疾病的诊断、预防、治疗,还可用于特定血清型痢疾杆菌类相关疾病的诊断、预防、治疗。
附图说明
图1为特异性多糖核磁图谱。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例作进一步说明本发明。本实施例仅为一种举例,是本发明的解决方案之一,本发明的保护范围不局限于实例。
实施例1、类志贺邻单胞菌特异性多糖
(1)发酵培养
取类志贺邻单胞菌(菌种编号CMCC10709)菌种1支,接种于固体培养基上,35~37℃静置培养约14小时,转接至1L液体培养基中,35~37℃、120rpm振荡培养约6小时,接种至10L发酵罐中,培养约4小时,接种至60L发酵罐中,培养约4小时,接种至300L发酵罐中,发酵罐培养条件相同:35~37℃、120rpm搅拌、pH值维持6.6~7.4之间,通入压缩空气,添加葡萄糖为补料。由300L发酵罐中取样检测并绘制生长曲线,选择对数生长期后期或稳定期前期灭活,离心收集菌体沉淀约8kg。
(2)水解
取类志贺邻单胞菌菌体800g,加纯水制成5%浓度的菌悬液,调节pH值至3.2,加热至100℃,120rpm搅拌下反应120分钟,置于冰水浴中冷却60分钟,加入脱氧胆酸钠至其终浓度1%,离心收集水解液上清。
(3)纯化
将水解液使用30Kd超滤膜包超滤,收集滤过组份,将滤过液使用3Kd超滤膜包超滤浓缩至原体积的1/10,使用10倍体积的0.01mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液超滤透析,收集透析液,使用DEAE为层析介质的层析柱进行分离,收集206nm处流穿组份。将收集的流穿组份超滤浓缩,使用注射用水洗涤置换盐分,-30℃以下冷冻2~6小时后冻干,收获特异性多糖。
实施例2、特异性多糖检测方法与合格标准
收获的特异性多糖,蛋白质、核酸、内毒素、分子大小等各项检测项目均按照《中华人民共和国药典》中的相关项目进行。蛋白质含量按福林酚法,也称Lowry法进行测定;核酸含量按紫外-可见分光光度法进行测定;细菌内毒素检查按细菌内毒素检查法进行测定;多糖分子大小按A群脑膜炎球菌多糖分子大小测定法进行测定,KD值不高于0.85的多糖回收率不小于70%。
实施例3、特异性多糖收获量与检测结果
实施例4、不同脱氧胆酸钠浓度的影响
取类志贺邻单胞菌菌体800g,加纯水制成5%浓度的菌悬液,调节pH值至3.2,加热至100℃,120rpm搅拌下反应120分钟,置于冰水浴中冷却60分钟,加入脱氧胆酸钠至其终浓度0.1%,离心收集水解液上清,测定蛋白/多糖的比值。
实施例5、不同脱氧胆酸钠浓度的影响
取类志贺邻单胞菌菌体800g,加纯水制成5%浓度的菌悬液,调节pH值至3.2,加热至100℃,120rpm搅拌下反应120分钟,置于冰水浴中冷却60分钟,加入脱氧胆酸钠至其终浓度0.5%,离心收集水解液上清,测定蛋白/多糖的比值。
实施例6、不同脱氧胆酸钠浓度的影响
取类志贺邻单胞菌菌体800g,加纯水制成5%浓度的菌悬液,调节pH值至3.2,加热至100℃,120rpm搅拌下反应120分钟,置于冰水浴中冷却60分钟,加入脱氧胆酸钠至其终浓度1.5%,离心收集水解液上清,测定蛋白/多糖的比值。
实施例7、不同脱氧胆酸钠浓度水解液上清检测结果
结果显示,使用0.1%浓度的脱氧胆酸钠,水解液离心后的蛋白/多糖的均值为12.68%;使用0.5%浓度的脱氧胆酸钠,水解液离心后的蛋白/多糖的均值为8.88%;使用1.0%浓度的脱氧胆酸钠,水解液离心后的蛋白/多糖的均值为8.30%;使用1.5%浓度的脱氧胆酸钠,水解液离心后的蛋白/多糖的均值为8.73%;综上所述,脱氧胆酸钠优选的浓度0.5%~1%。
Claims (8)
1.一种规模化制备类志贺邻单胞菌特异性多糖的方法,其特征在于,以类志贺邻单胞菌为原料,经发酵培养、水解、纯化步骤获得特异性多糖,其中,所述水解,包括以下步骤:
(1)取菌体加入溶剂中,制成5%~10%浓度的菌悬液,
(2)调节菌悬液pH值至2~4,
(3)加热至90~100℃,持续搅拌下反应60~200分钟,
(4)将反应液置于冰水浴中,加入沉淀剂,沉淀剂为胆酸或胆酸盐及其衍生物,添加浓度为0.1%~2%,
(5)静置1~3小时,离心或过滤后收集水解液;
其中,所述纯化,包括以下步骤:
(1)调节水解上清液pH值至中性,
(2)使用超滤膜包将水解液上清超滤浓缩,收集截留组份,
(3)使用0.01mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液,将截留组份透析洗涤,收集透析液,
(4)使用离子交换类层析介质,将透析液层析分离,收集206nm处流穿组份,(5)使用超滤膜包将流穿组份超滤浓缩,注射用水置换样品中盐分,收集多糖溶液,
(6)将多糖溶液置于-30℃以下冷冻2~6小时后冻干,即为特异性多糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:其中,所述水解步骤中,沉淀剂为胆酸或胆酸盐及其衍生物,添加浓度为0.5%~1%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:其中,所述发酵培养,包括以下步骤:
(1)复苏菌种,将菌种接种于固体培养基,35~37℃条件下,静置培养,
(2)传代培养,将复苏菌种接种至液体培养基中,35~37℃,100~200rpm振荡条件下培养4~12小时,
(3)发酵罐培养,将传代培养菌液接种至发酵罐中,发酵条件:35~37℃,pH6~8,100~300rpm搅拌,通入压缩空气培养,
(4)取样检测并绘制生长曲线,选择对数生长期后期至稳定期前期灭活,
(5)将灭活后的发酵液离心或过滤,收集沉淀,即为类志贺邻单胞菌菌体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,其中,所述发酵罐培养使用10~100L单罐发酵,或使用多级罐连续发酵的方式。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,其中,配制菌悬液采用纯水、注射用水,或氯化钠溶液、氯化钾、醋酸钠溶液。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,其中,超滤选用100Kd-5Kd、50Kd-5Kd、30Kd-5Kd、100Kd-3Kd、50Kd-3Kd、30Kd-3Kd中任意一组超滤膜包。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,其中,离子交换层析介质采用羧甲基纤维素、二乙基胺乙基纤维素、羟基磷灰石,单一使用,或相互搭配使用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,其中,离子交换层析介质为二乙基胺乙基纤维素。
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