CN111378054B - 一种痢疾杆菌特异性多糖纯化方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
特异性多糖(也称O‑特异性多糖)是脂多糖的一个组成部分,本发明涉及一种痢疾杆菌特异性多糖纯化方法,该方法以痢疾杆菌菌体水解液或痢疾脂多糖水解液为原料,通过超滤、层析、冻干等方法制备特异性多糖,制备出的特异性多糖可以作为原材料或终产品用于疾病诊断、预防、治疗等,也可制备特异性多糖的标准品或参比品,也可以用于制备偶联疫苗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种痢疾杆菌特异性多糖(也称O-特异性多糖)纯化方法。本发明特别涉及的痢疾杆菌特异性多糖可以作为原材料或终产品用于疾病诊断、预防、治疗等,也可制备特异性多糖的标准品或参比品,也可用于制备偶联疫苗。
背景技术
革兰氏阴性细菌的特异性多糖是脂多糖的一部分。脂多糖是革兰氏阴性细菌外膜外侧的最主要成分,由3部分组成,分别是特异性多糖、核心多糖和脂质A。其中特异性多糖是位于细菌最外侧的结构,是细菌逃避宿主免疫攻击的保护层,也是宿主免疫细胞俘获细菌的靶点,它决定了细菌的抗原特性,反映了细菌的血清型别;核心多糖是连接特异性多糖和脂类A的部分;脂质A是脂多糖的致热源部分。由于特异性多糖部分决定着细菌的血清型别,在结构上具有型特异性,是细菌诊断、病原菌预防和传染病治疗的主要抗原成分。
文献记载的特异性多糖制备方法是先制备脂多糖,再将脂多糖水解后,使用超速离心法离心,经透析后冻干获得特异性多糖。但是超速离心法需要使用的设备成本高昂,且不适合大规模生产;而常规的透析方法需要数天甚至数十天的操作,这些方法存在制备工艺繁杂、耗时长、产率低等缺点。
中国专利(CN 101693747 A)中提出使用菌体直接水解,经离心去除菌体、乙醇沉淀收集特异性多糖粗品、复溶后离心、超滤、层析等步骤收获特异性多糖。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种痢疾杆菌特异性多糖纯化方法。
本发明所述的纯化方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取痢疾杆菌菌体水解液或痢疾脂多糖水解液,超滤浓缩,
(2)层析分离,
(3)超滤除盐,
(4)冻干获得特异性多糖。
其中,水解液可以是痢疾杆菌菌体水解液经过一定操作步骤处理(如离心、过滤等)后的液体或痢疾脂多糖水解液。
其中,步骤1和步骤3,超滤膜包的材质选自:纤维素衍生物、聚砜、聚丙烯腈、聚酰胺、聚砜酰胺、磺化聚砜、聚乙烯醇、改性丙烯酸聚合物中的一种或两种以上混合。
其中,步骤1,超滤浓缩,将水解液使用超滤膜包超滤,可使用缓冲溶液或非缓冲溶液系统,最佳采用缓冲溶液系统,缓冲溶液系统可采用磷酸、柠檬酸、碳酸、醋酸、巴比妥酸、Tris(三羟甲基氨基甲烷)等缓冲系统,最佳为磷酸缓冲系统,浓度为0.001~2.0mol/L。
步骤2,层析分离,包括凝胶过滤层析、离子交换层析、疏水层析、亲和层析等层析方法,最佳为阴离子交换层析方法。
层析介质可使用琼脂糖、葡聚糖、CM(羧甲基)纤维素、DEAE(二乙基胺乙基)纤维素、羟基磷灰石、硅胶、聚苯乙烯二乙烯基树脂、聚丙烯酰胺等树脂或凝胶等层析介质,最佳介质为DEAE(二乙基胺乙基)纤维素。
层析过程中,流动相可使用缓冲溶液或非缓冲溶液系统,最佳采用缓冲溶液系统,缓冲溶液系统可采用磷酸、柠檬酸、碳酸、醋酸、巴比妥酸、Tris(三羟甲基氨基甲烷)等缓冲系统,最佳为磷酸缓冲系统。
最优选的,本发明所述的痢疾杆菌特异性多糖的纯化方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取福氏2a痢疾杆菌菌体水解液16000ml,使用再生纤维素超滤膜包超滤浓缩至50~200ml,用0.01mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液超滤,收集超滤后的样品;
(2)使用层析介质为DEAE(二乙基胺乙基)纤维素的层析柱,以0.01mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液作为平衡液,平衡体积不少于5倍装柱体积,按15~25ml/min的上样速度上样800ml,收集流穿液;
(3)将收集的流穿液,使用再生纤维素超滤膜包超滤浓缩至70~100ml,使用注射用水置换盐分物质至透过液电导小于10μs/cm,收集截留液300ml,置于-30℃以下冷冻2~6小时后,真空冻干收集特异性多糖。
本发明相对于现有的纯化方法,具有以下特点:
1)操作简单,节约时间和人力。
2)避免了醇类、酮类等有害有机溶剂的使用,减少了对操作人员危害和环境的污染。
3)特异性多糖产量较常规操作方法提高数倍。
具体实施方式:
以下通过实例进一步说明本发明。本实例仅为一种举例,是本发明的解决方案之一,本发明的保护范围不局限于实例。
实例1、超滤浓缩
福氏2a痢疾杆菌经发酵培养收集菌体,取800g菌体水解离心后,获得福氏2a痢疾杆菌菌体水解液16000ml,使用再生纤维素超滤膜包超滤浓缩至50~200ml,用0.01mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液超滤,收集超滤后的样品800ml。
实例2、层析分离
使用层析介质为DEAE(二乙基胺乙基)纤维素的层析柱,以0.01mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液作为平衡液,平衡体积不少于5倍装柱体积,按15~25ml/min的上样速度上样800ml,收集流穿液约1000ml。
实例3、超滤除盐后冻干
将收集的流穿液超滤浓缩至70~100ml,使用注射用水置换盐分物质至透过液电导小于10μs/cm,收集截留液300ml,置于-30℃以下冷冻2~6小时后,真空冻干收集特异性多糖。
实例4、特异性多糖检测方法与合格标准
收获的特异性多糖,蛋白质、核酸、内毒素、分子大小等各项检测项目均按照《中华人民共和国药典》中的相关项目进行。蛋白质含量按福林酚法,合格标准为蛋白质含量应小于2%;核酸含量按紫外-可见分光光度法进行测定,合格标准为核酸含量应小于2%;细菌内毒素检查按细菌内毒素检查法进行测定,内毒素含量应不高于5EU/μg;多糖分子大小A群脑膜炎球菌多糖分子大小测定法进行测定,合格标准为多糖分子的KD值应不高于0.85,且KD值不高于0.85的多糖回收率应不小于70%。
实例5、特异性多糖收获量与检测结果
表1特异性多糖收获量与检测结果
实施例6、比较实验
文献《痢疾结合疫苗LPS制备条件的优化研究》(微生物学免疫学进展2010年第38卷第4期,17~22页)中按如下步骤制备特异性多糖:
菌种经发酵培养收集菌体,取200g菌体加1800ml注射用水,加苯酚抽提两次,离心后取上清加乙醇至终浓度25%,离心取上清,加乙醇至终浓度75%,离心收集沉淀,注射用水溶解后透析2天,透析外液更换为pH7.6 Tris-HCl缓冲液透析1天,加DNA酶和RNA酶水解,更换透析液为pH7.6 Tris-HCl MgSO4,加蛋白酶K水解,注射水透析2天,离心取上清,64000g超速离心5h收沉淀,溶解冻干得到精制LPS;
将F2aLPS20091101、F2aLPS20091102、F2aLPS20091103三个批次的LPS合并后,经LPS水解脱毒,Sephadex G-75(葡聚糖)凝胶柱层析,收集目标抗原洗脱峰,注射用水透析2天,冻干获得O-SP,即特异性多糖。
表2.LPS与O-SP收获量
表3.O-SP检测结果
核酸 | 蛋白 | 分子大小 | 内毒素含量 |
0.35% | 1.71% | 0.70 | 0.25EU/μg |
本发明实例中的纯化步骤
取800g菌体水解后离心获得的水解液,超滤浓缩、洗涤,DEAE介质层析,收取流穿液,超滤除去盐分,冻干收获特异性多糖。
表4.本发明O-SP收获量
序号 | 菌体用量 | 特异性多糖收获量 | 每200g菌体O-SP产量 |
1 | 800g | 5.37g | 1342mg |
2 | 800g | 6.07g | 1518mg |
3 | 800g | 3.71g | 928mg |
4 | 800g | 6.42g | 1605mg |
5 | 800g | 6.20g | 1550mg |
本发明收获的特异性多糖检测结果见表1。
本发明与上述文献中的方法比较的优点:
(1)不使用乙醇或其他有机溶剂;
(2)不使用DNA酶、RNA酶、蛋白酶等酶类物质;
(3)操作步骤少,操作方法简单,节约时间和人力;
(4)不使用超速离心等不易扩大生产的方法;
(5)目的产物产量高;每200g菌体可获得928~1605mg O-SP,远多于上述文献中每200g收获330mg O-SP的收获量。且各项检测结果优于文献中的检测结果。
实施例7、层析介质筛选
按实例1步骤处理,取超滤后的样品,以磷酸盐缓冲溶液为流动相,使用不同的层析介质,进行层析分离试验,考察不同层析介质对特异性多糖和蛋白的分离效果。
表5.层析介质分离试验
其中,DEAE的分离效果最好,SP.FF、CM分离效果次之,Q.XL分离效果差,QFF、SP.XL不能有效分离特异性多糖和蛋白。
Claims (1)
1.一种痢疾杆菌特异性多糖纯化方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取福氏2a痢疾杆菌菌体水解液16000ml,使用再生纤维素超滤膜包超滤浓缩至50~200ml,用0.01mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液超滤,收集超滤后的样品;
(2)使用层析介质为二乙基胺乙基纤维素的层析柱,以0.01mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液作为平衡液,平衡体积不少于5倍装柱体积,按15~25ml/min的上样速度上样800ml,收集流穿液;
(3)将收集的流穿液,超滤浓缩至70~100ml,使用注射用水置换盐分物质至透过液电导小于10μs/cm,收集截留液300ml,置于-30℃以下冷冻2~6小时后,真空冻干收集特异性多糖。
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