CN108096237A - 在相伴他汀类疗法的对象中降低甘油三酯、没有增加ldl-c水平的组合物和方法 - Google Patents
在相伴他汀类疗法的对象中降低甘油三酯、没有增加ldl-c水平的组合物和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
在各种实施方式中,本发明提供在需要其的对象中治疗和/或预防心血管相关疾病的组合物和/或方法。
Description
背景技术
在美国和多数欧洲国家心血管疾病是死亡的主要原因之一。估计单独在美国有超过七千万的人患心血管疾病或病症,包括但不限于高血压、冠心病、血脂异常、充血性心脏衰竭和中风。
发明概述
在各种实施方式中,本发明提供药物组合物以及使用这种组合物治疗和/预防心血管相关疾病的方法。在一个实施方式中,对象是在相伴他汀类疗法。在另一个实施方式中,在他汀类疗法的对象具有约200mg/dL至约500mg/dL的基线空腹血清甘油三酯水平。
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供降低对象中甘油三酯的方法,本发明提供降低对象中甘油三酯的方法,所述对象在稳定的他汀类疗法、具有约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl的基线空腹甘油三酯,所述方法包括给与对象含有多不饱和脂肪酸的药物组合物,例如每天约1g至约4g的EPA,其中给与组合物到对象,每天给与共12周的时间段后,相比较于维持在稳定他汀类疗法(任选地与EPA匹配的安慰剂)、没有相伴EPA共12周的时间段,对象显示至少5%降低的空腹甘油三酯,其中对照对象也具有约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl的基线空腹甘油三酯。在另一个实施方式中,当每天给与组合物到对象共12周的时间段后,对象没有显示血清LDL-C增加、没有统计学显著的血清LDL-C增加、血清LDL-C降低,或者就血清LDL-C升高而言,对象统计学上不劣于对照对象(他汀类加上任选地安慰剂)。
本发明的这些和其它实施方式将在本文以下进一步细述中公开。
具体实施方式
虽然本发明能够以各种形式体现,做出数个实施方式的以下描述,理解为本公开内容应该被考虑为本发明的举例,而不意欲限制本发明到说明的特定的实施方式。提供标题仅为了方便,而不应该解释为以任何方式限制本发明。在任何标题下说明的实施方式可以与任何其它标题下说明的实施方式合并。
除非另外清楚指出,在本申请中指定的各种定量值中使用的数值作为近似值陈述,好像在陈述的范围内最小和最大值之前都加入词语“大约”。同样,范围的公开意欲作为连续范围,包括列举的最小和最大值之间的每个值以及由这些值可以形成的任何范围。同样,本文公开的是列举的数值除以任何其它列举的数值可以形成的任何和所有比(和任何这些比的范围)。因此,本领域技术人员将意识到多个这种比、范围和比的范围可以由本文提供的数值毫无疑义地得到,且在所有情况中这些比、范围和比的范围代表本发明的各种实施方式。
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供治疗和/或预防心血管相关疾病的方法。在本文术语“心血管相关的疾病”指心脏或血管(即,动脉和静脉)的任何疾病或病症或其任何症状。心血管相关的疾病和病症的非限制实例包括:高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症,混合性血脂异常、冠心病、血管疾病、中风、动脉粥样硬化、心律失常、高血压、心肌梗死、和其它心血管事件。
关于特定疾病或病症的术语“治疗”包括但不限于:抑制疾病或病症,例如,阻止疾病或病症的进展;缓解疾病或病症,例如,引起疾病或病症的消退;或者缓解由疾病或病症引起或产生于疾病或病症的状况,例如,缓解、预防或治疗疾病或病症的症状。关于特定疾病或病症的术语“预防”指:如果没有出现,预防疾病进展的疾病发作,预防疾病或病症在可能易患病症或疾病、但是还没有诊断为具有病症或疾病的对象中出现,和/或如果已经存在,预防疾病/病症的进一步进展。
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供血脂治疗的方法,包括给与需要其的对象或对象组如本文描述的药物组合物。在另一个实施方式中,对象或对象组具有高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症、混合性血脂异常和/或非常高的甘油三酯。
在另一个实施方式中,被治疗的对象或对象组具有基线甘油三酯水平(或者在对象组的情况下,平均值或中值基线甘油三酯水平)、喂养或空腹:约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl。在另一个实施方式中,对象或对象组具有约40mg/dl至约115或约40至约100mg/dl的基线LDL-C水平(或平均值或中值基线LDL-C),尽管稳定的他汀类疗法。
在一个实施方式中,根据本发明的方法被治疗的对象或对象组在相伴他汀类疗法,例如阿托伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀或辛伐他汀疗法(有或没有依折麦布)。在另一个实施方式中,在开始超纯EPA疗法的时,对象在相伴稳定他汀类疗法。
在另一个实施方式中,根据本发明的方法被治疗的对象或对象组具有不大于约45kg/m2的体重指数(BMI或平均BMI)。
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供在对象中降低甘油三酯的方法,所述对象在稳定的他汀类疗法、具有约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl的基线空腹甘油三酯,所述方法包括给与对象含有约1g至约4g的EPA(例如,超纯EPA)的药物组合物,其中当每天给与组合物到对象持续约12周的时间段后,相较于维持在稳定他汀类疗法(和任选地为与超纯EPA匹配的安慰剂)、没有相伴超纯EPA持续约12周的时间段的对照对象,对象显示至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、或至少75%的降低的空腹甘油三酯,其中所述对照对象也具有约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl的基线空腹甘油三酯。在本文术语“稳定的他汀类疗法”指被讨论对象、对象组、对照对象或对照对象组已经每天服用稳定的他汀类(例如,阿托伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀或辛伐他汀)剂量持续至少4周,然后测量基线空腹甘油三酯(“合格的时间段”)。例如,在稳定的他汀类疗法的对象或对照对象将接受稳定的每天(即,每天相同剂量)他汀类剂量持续至少4周,然后立即测量基线空腹甘油三酯。在一个实施方式中,在合格的时间段期间,对象的和对照对象的LDL-C维持在约40mg/dl和约115mg/dl之间或约40mg/dl至约100mg/dl之间。对象和对照对象然后继续它们的稳定的他汀类剂量持续12周时间段。
在一个实施方式中,他汀类以以下的量给与对象和对照对象:约1mg至约500mg,约5mg至约200mg,或约10mg至约100mg,例如约1mg、约2mg、约3mg、约4mg、约5mg、约6mg、约7mg、约8mg、约9mg、or约10mg;约15mg、约20mg、约25mg、约30mg、约35mg、约40mg、约45mg、约50mg、约55mg、约60mg、约65mg、约70mg、约75mg、约80mg、约90mg、约100mg、约125mg、约150mg、约175mg、约200mg、约225mg、约250mg、约275mg、约300mg、约325mg、约350mg、约375mg、约400mg、约425mg、约450mg、约475mg、或约500mg。在另一个实施方式中,尽管稳定的他汀类疗法,对象(和任选地为对照对象)具有约40mg/dl至约115mg/dl、或约40mg/dl至约100mg/dl的基线LDL-C水平。在另一个实施方式中,对象和/或对照对象具有不多于约45kg/m2的体重指数(BMI;或平均BMI)。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供在对象组中降低甘油三酯的方法,所述对象组在稳定的他汀类疗法、具有约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl的平均基线空腹甘油三酯,所述方法包括每天给与对象组的成员含有约1g至约4g的超纯的EPA药物组合物,其中当每天给与组合物到对象组的成员持续约12周的时间段后,相较于维持在稳定的他汀类疗法、没有相伴的超纯EPA(任选地与相配的安慰剂)持续约12周时间段的对照对象组,对象组显示降低至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%的平均空腹甘油三酯,其中对照对象组也具有约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl的平均基线空腹甘油三酯。在相关实施方式中,稳定的他汀类疗法将是足够的,使得对象组持续4周具有至少约40mg/dl且不多于约100mg/dl或约40mg/dl至约100mg/dl的平均LDL-C水平,然后立即测量基线空腹甘油三酯。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供降低对象组中甘油三酯的方法,所述对象组在稳定的他汀类疗法并具有约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl的平均基线空腹甘油三酯水平,所述方法包括给与对象组的成员含有约1g至约4g的超纯EPA的药物组合物,其中当每天给与组合物到对象组的成员持续约12周的时间段后,对象组显示:(a)相较于维持在稳定他汀类疗法、没有相伴的超纯EPA(任选地为具有相配的安慰剂)持续约12周的时间段的对照对象组,降低至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%的平均空腹甘油三酯,和(b)没有血清LDL-C增加、没有统计学上显著的血清LDL-C增加、血清LDL-C降低,或者就血清LDL-C升高而言,对象不是统计学上劣于对照对象(他汀类加上任选地安慰剂),与基线相比,没有平均血清LDL-C水平增加,其中对照对象也具有约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl的平均基线空腹甘油三酯。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供降低对象中甘油三酯的方法,所述对象在稳定的他汀类疗法并具有约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl的平均基线空腹甘油三酯水平,所述方法包括给与对象含有约1g至约4g的超纯EPA的药物组合物,其中当每天给与组合物到对象持续约12周的时间段后,对象显示:(a)相较与维持稳定他汀类疗法、没有相伴超纯EPA持续12周的时间段的对照对象,降低至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、或至少75%的空腹甘油三酯,和(b)相较于基线,血清LDL-C水平没有增加,其中对照对象也具有约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl的基线空腹甘油三酯。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供降低对象组中的甘油三酯的方法,所述对象组在稳定的他汀类疗法并具有约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl的平均基线空腹甘油三酯水平,所述方法包括给与对象组的成员含有约1g至约4g的超纯EPA的药物组合物,其中当每天给与组合物到对象组的成员持续约12周的时间段后,相较与维持稳定他汀类疗法、没有相伴超纯EPA(任选地为具有相配的安慰剂)持续12周的时间段的对照对象组,对象组显示(a)降低至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%的平均空腹甘油三酯,和(b)降低至少5%、至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%或至少50%的平均血清LDL-C水平,没有血清LDL-C增加,没有统计学意义的血清LDL-C增加,没有统计学意义的血清LDL-C增加,血清LDL-C降低,或者就血清LDL-C升高而言,对象组不统计学上劣于对照对象组(他汀类加上任选的安慰剂),其中对照对象组也具有约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl的平均基线空腹甘油三酯。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供降低对象组中甘油三酯的方法,所述对象在稳定的他汀类疗法且具有约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl的平均基线空腹甘油三酯水平,所述方法包括给与对象组的成员含有约1g至约4g的超纯EPA的药物组合物,其中当每天给与组合物到对象组的成员持续约12周的时间段后,所述对象组显示:(a)降低至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%的平均空腹甘油三酯,和(b)相较于维持在稳定的他汀类疗法、没有相伴的超纯EPA(任选地为具有相配的安慰剂)持续约12周时间段的对照对象组,降低至少5%、至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%或至少50%的平均血清LDL-C水平,没有血清LDL-C增加,没有统计学显著的血清LDL-C增加,血清LDL-C降低,或者就血清LDL-C升高而言,对象组不统计学劣于对照对象组(他汀类加上任选的安慰剂),其中对照对象组也具有约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl的平均基线空腹甘油三酯。
在另一个实施方式中,根据本发明的方法被治疗的对象或对象组显示以下游离总脂肪酸(或其平均)的空腹基线绝对血浆水平:不大于约300nmol/ml,不大于约250nmol/ml,不大于约200nmol/ml,不大于约150nmol/ml,不大于约100nmol/ml,或不大于约50nmol/ml。
在另一个实施方式中,根据本发明的方法被治疗的对象或对象组显示显示以下的游离EPA的空腹基线绝对血浆水平(或在对象组的情况下,其平均值):不大于约0.70nmol/ml、不大于约0.65nmol/ml、不大于约0.60nmol/ml、不大于约0.55nmol/ml、不大于约0.50nmol/ml、不大于约0.45nmol/ml、或不大于约0.40nmol/ml。在另一个实施方式中,根据本发明的方法被治疗的对象或对象组显示以下表达为总的游离脂肪酸的百分比的游离EPA的基线空腹血浆水平(或其平均值):不多于约3%、不多于约2.5%、不多于约2%、不多于约1.5%、不多于约1%、不多于约0.75%、不多于约0.5%、不多于约0.25%、不多于约0.2%或不多于约0.15%。在一个这样的实施方式中,在开始治疗之前测定游离血浆EPA和/或总脂肪酸水平。
在另一个实施方式中,根据本发明的方法被治疗的对象或对象组显示以下游离EPA的空腹基线绝对血浆水平(或其平均值):不大于约1nmol/ml、不大于约0.75nmol/ml、不大于约0.50nmol/ml、不大于约0.4nmol/ml、不大于约0.35nmol/ml、或不大于约0.30nmol/ml。
在另一个实施方式中,根据本发明的方法被治疗的对象或对象组显示以下空腹基线血浆、血清或红细胞膜EPA水平:不大于约150μg/ml、不大于约125μg/ml、不大于约100μg/ml、不大于约95μg/ml、不大于约75μg/ml、不大于约60μg/ml、不大于约50μg/ml、不大于约40μg/ml、不大于约30μg/ml、或不大于约25μg/ml。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的方法包括在开始治疗之前,测量对象的(或对象组的平均值)基线脂质情况的步骤。在另一个实施方式中,在另一个实施方式中,本发明的方法包括识别具有一个或多个以下的对象或对象组:约200mg/dl至约400mg/dl的基线非-HDL-C值(或平均值),例如至少约210mg/dl、至少约220mg/dl、至少约230mg/dl、至少约240mg/dl、至少约250mg/dl、至少约260mg/dl、至少约270mg/dl、至少约280mg/dl、至少约290mg/dl、或至少约300mg/dl;约250mg/dl至约400mg/dl的基线总胆固醇值(或平均值),例如至少约260mg/dl、至少约270mg/dl、至少约280mg/dl或至少约290mg/dl;约140mg/dl至约200mg/dl的基线vLDL-C值(或平均值),例如至少约150mg/dl、至少约160mg/dl、至少约170mg/dl、至少约180mg/dl或至少约190mg/dl;约10至约100mg/dl的基线HDL-C值(或平均值),例如不多于约90mg/dl、不多于约80mg/dl、不多于约70mg/dl、不多于约60mg/dl、不多于约60mg/dl、不多于约50mg/dl、不多于约40mg/dl、不多于约35mg/dl、不多于约30mg/dl、不多于约25mg/dl、不多于约20mg/dl、或不多于约15mg/dl;和/或约30至约300mg/dl的基线LDL-C值(或平均值),例如不小于约40mg/dl、不小于约50mg/dl、不小于约60mg/dl、不小于约70mg/dl、不小于约90mg/dl或不小于约90mg/dl。
在相关实施方式中,当根据本发明治疗后,例如经过约1至约200周、约1至约100周、约1至约80周、约1至约50周、约1至约40周、约1至约20周、约1至约15周、约1至约12周、约1至约10周、约1至约5周、约1至约2周或约1周的时间段,对象或对象组显示一个或多个以下的结果:
(a)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,降低的甘油三酯水平(例如,稳定的他汀类加上与EPA治疗组相配的安慰剂的对象);
(b)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,降低的Apo B水平;
(c)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,增加的HDL-C水平;
(d)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,LDL-C水平没有增加;
(e)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,LDL-C水平降低;
(f)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,非-HDL-C水平降低;
(g)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,vLDL水平降低;
(h)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,apo A-I水平增加;
(i)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,apo A-I/apo B比增加;
(j)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,脂蛋白A水平降低;
(k)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,LDL颗粒数量减小;
(l)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,LDL大小增加;
(m)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,残粒样微粒胆固醇减少;
(n)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,氧化的LDL减少;
(o)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,空腹血糖(FPG)没有变化或降低;
(p)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,血红蛋白A1c(HbA1c)降低;
(q)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,稳态型胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostasis modelinsulin resistance)降低;
(r)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2减少;
(s)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,胞间黏附分子-1减少;
(t)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,白细胞介素-6减少;
(u)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂抑制剂-1减少;
(v)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,高敏C-反应蛋白(hsCRP)减少;
(w)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,血清或血浆EPA增加;
(x)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,红细胞膜EPA增加;和/或
(y)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、二十二碳五烯酸(DPA)、花生四烯酸(AA)、棕榈酸(PA)、硬脂四烯酸(SA)或油酸(OA)的一种或多种血清和/或血红细胞含量的减少或增加。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的方法包括:给对象或对象组服药之前,测量以上(a)–(y)说明的一个或多个标记物的基线水平。在另一个实施方式中,所述方法包括:在(a)–(y)说明的一个或多个标记物的基线水平测定后,给与如本文所公开的组合物到对象,和随后进行所述一个或多个标记物的另外的测量。
在另一个实施方式中,当用本发明的组合物治疗时,例如经过以下的时间段:约1至约200周、约1至约100周、约1至约80周、约1至约50周、约1至约40周、约1至约20周、约1至约15周、约1至约12周、约1至约10周、约1至约5周、约1至约2周或约1周,对象或对象组显示紧接以上描述(a)–(y)的结果:任何2或更多个、任何3或更多个、任何4或更多个、任何5或更多个、任何6或更多个、任何7或更多个、任何8或更多个、任何9或更多个、任何10或更多个、任何11或更多个、任何12或更多个、任何13或更多个、任何14或更多个、任何15或更多个、任何16或更多个、任何17或更多个、任何18或更多个、任何19或更多个、任何20或更多个、任何21或更多个、任何22或更多个、任何23或更多个、任何24或更多个、或所有25个。
在另一个实施方式中,当用本发明的组合物处理时,对象或对象组显示一个或多个以下的结果:
(a)与基线或安慰剂对照相比(例如,他汀类和与EPA治疗组相配的安慰剂的对象),甘油三酯水平减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约55%、或至少约75%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(b)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,非-HDL-C水平增加小于30%、增加小于20%、增加小于10%、增加小于5%或没有增加,或者非-HDL-C水平减少至少约1%、至少约3%、至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约55%或至少约75%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(c)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,HDL-C水平基本没有变化、HDL-C水平没有变化或HDL-C水平增加至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约55%或至少约75%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(d)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,LDL-C水平增加小于60%、增加小于50%、增加小于40%、增加小于30%、增加小于20%、增加小于10%、增加小于5%,或LDL-C水平没有增加,或LDL-C水平减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约55%、至少约55%或至少约75%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(e)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,Apo B水平减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约55%或至少约75%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(f)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,vLDL水平减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(g)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,apo A-I水平增加至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(h)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,apo A-I/apo B比增加至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(i)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,脂蛋白(a)水平减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(j)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,平均LDL颗粒数量减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(k)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,平均LDL颗粒尺寸增加至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(l)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,残粒样颗粒胆固醇减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(m)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,氧化的LDL减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(n)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,空腹血糖(FPG)基本没有变化、基本没有显著变化或减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(o)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,血红蛋白A1c(HbA1c)基本没有变化、没有统计学意义变化或减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、或至少约50%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(p)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,稳态型胰岛素抵抗指数减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(q)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2减小至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(r)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,胞间黏附分子-1减小至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(s)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,白细胞介素-6减小至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(t)与基线相比,纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂抑制剂-1减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(u)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,高敏C-反应蛋白(hsCRP)减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(v)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,血清、血浆和/或RBC EPA增加至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约100%、至少约200%或至少约400%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(w)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,血清磷脂和/或血红细胞膜EPA增加至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约100%、至少约200%、或至少约400%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(x)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,一种或多种血清磷脂和/或血红细胞DHA、DPA、AA、PA和/或OA减少或增加至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约55%或至少约75%(实际%变化或中值%变化);和/或
(y)与基线或安慰剂对照相比,总胆固醇减小至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约55%或至少约75%(实际%变化或中值%变化)。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的方法包括:给对象或对象组服药之前,测量(a)–(y)中说明的一个或多个标记物的基线水平。在另一个实施方式中,所述方法包括:在(a)–(y)中说明的一个或多个标记物的基线水平测定后,给与如本文所公开的组合物到对象,和随后进行所述一个或多个标记物的第二测量,其用于与在基线测量比较。
在另一个实施方式中,当用本发明的组合物治疗时,例如在以下的时间段中:大约1至大约200周、大约1至大约100周、大约1至大约80周、大约1至大约50周、大约1至大约40周、大约1至大约20周、大约1至大约15周、大约1至大约12周、大约1至大约10周、大约1至大约5周、大约1至大约2周或大约1周,对象或对象组显示紧接以上描述的(a)–(y)结果:任何2或更多个、任何3或更多个、任何4或更多个、任何5或更多个、任何6或更多个、任何7或更多个、任何8或更多个、任何9或更多个、任何10或更多个、任何11或更多个、任何12或更多个、任何13或更多个、任何14或更多个、任何15或更多个、任何16或更多个、任何17或更多个、任何18或更多个、任何19或更多个、任何20或更多个、任何21或更多个、任何22或更多个、任何23或更多个、任何24或更多个、或所有26个。
参数(a)–(y)可以根据临床可接受的方法测量。例如,甘油三酯、总胆固醇、HDL-C和空腹血糖可以从血清取样和使用标准的光度学技术进行分析。VLDL-TG、LDL-C和VLDL-C可以使用血清脂蛋白部份通过制备超离心以及通过折射法或通过分析超离心方法进行计算或测定。Apo A1、Apo B和hsCRP可以使用标准浊度法技术由血清测定。脂蛋白(a)可以使用标准比浊免疫测定技术由血清测定。LDL颗粒数量和颗粒大小可以使用核磁共振(NMR)光谱测定法测定。残余脂蛋白和LDL-磷脂酶A2可以使用酶免疫分离技术由EDTA血浆或血清以及血清分别测定。氧化LDL、细胞间黏附分子-1和白细胞介素-2水平可以使用标准酶免疫测定技术由血清测定。这些技术在标准的教科书中更详细地描述,例如Tietz Fundamentalsof Clinical Chemistry,第6版。(Burtis,Ashwood and Borter Eds.),WB SaundersCompany。
在一个实施方式中,在血液样品收集之前,对象禁食多至12小时,例如约10小时。
在另一个实施方式中,被治疗的对象是在LDL、总的和HDL胆固醇(mg/dL)的成人治疗计划书(ATP)III分类的最高风险类别中(例如,CHD或CHD风险当量(10-年风险>20%))。在另一个实施方式中,对象是在ATP III多个(2+)风险因子类别中。
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供降低对象中甘油三酯的方法,所述对象是是在LDL、总的和HDL胆固醇(mg/dL)的成人治疗计划书(ATP)III分类的最高风险类别中(例如,CHD或CHD风险当量(10-年风险>20%))。在另一个实施方式中,对象是在ATP III多个(2+)风险因子类别中。在另一个实施方式中,所述方法包括在给与超纯E-EPA到对象之前,识别在ATP III多个(2+)风险因子类别中的对象的步骤。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供在需要其的患者中治疗或预防原发性高胆固醇血症和/或混合性血脂异常(弗雷德里克森型IIa和IIb)的方法,包括给与患者一种或多种如本文公开的组合物。在相关实施方式中,当用他汀类药物或烟酸缓释单药治疗被认为是不足的时候(弗雷德里克森型IV高脂血症),本发明提供降低一个或多个对象中甘油三酯水平的方法。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供在具有心肌梗死病史的患者中治疗或预防复发性非致命性的心肌梗死的方法,包括:给与患者的一种或多种如本文公开的组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供在需要其的患者中减缓动脉粥样硬化性疾病进展或促进其消退的方法,包括:给与需要其的对象的一种或多种如本文公开的组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供在需要其的患者中治疗或预防高血清甘油三酯水平(例如,IV和V型高脂血症)的方法,包括给与患者如本文公开的一种或多种组合物。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物以足以提供以下每天剂量的EPA给与到对象:约1mg至约10,000mg,25约5000mg,约50至约3000mg,约75mg至约2500mg,或约100mg至约1000mg,例如约75mg、约100mg、约125mg、约150mg、约175mg、约200mg、约225mg、约250mg、约275mg、约300mg、约325mg、约350mg、约375mg、约400mg、约425mg、约450mg、约475mg、约500mg、约525mg、约550mg、约575mg、约600mg、约625mg、约650mg、约675mg、约700mg、约725mg、约750mg、约775mg、约800mg、约825mg、约850mg、约875mg、约900mg、约925mg、约950mg、约975mg、约1000mg、约1025mg、约1050mg、约1075mg、约1100mg、约1025mg、约1050mg、约1075mg、约1200mg、约1225mg、约1250mg、约1275mg、约1300mg、约1325mg、约1350mg、约1375mg、约1400mg、约1425mg、约1450mg、约1475mg、约1500mg、约1525mg、约1550mg、约1575mg、约1600mg、约1625mg、约1650mg、约1675mg、约1700mg、约1725mg、约1750mg、约1775mg、约1800mg、约1825mg、约1850mg、约1875mg、约1900mg、约1925mg、约1950mg、约1975mg、约2000mg、约2025mg、约2050mg、约2075mg、约2100mg、约2125mg、约2150mg、约2175mg、约2200mg、约2225mg、约2250mg、约2275mg、约2300mg、约2325mg、约2350mg、约2375mg、约2400mg、约2425mg、约2450mg、约2475mg或约2500mg。
在另一个实施方式中,在本文公开的任一的方法在治疗一个或多个消费传统西方饮食的对象中使用。在一个实施方式中,本发明的方法包括以下步骤:识别作为西方饮食消费者或审慎的饮食消费者的对象,然后如果对象被认为是西方饮食消费者,那么治疗对象。在本文术语“西方饮食”一般指由以下组成的典型的饮食:按总卡路里的百分比,大约45%至大约50%碳水化合物、大约35%至大约40%脂肪、和大约10%至大约15%蛋白质。西方饮食可以以以下可选地或另外地表征:相对高的红色和加工肉、糖果、细粮和甜点的摄取,例如当多于50%、多于60%或多于70%的卡路里来自这些来源。
在另一个实施方式中,本文公开的任一的方法在治疗每天消耗以下鱼的对象(一个或多个)中的应用:小于(实际或平均)约150g、小于约125g、小于约100g、小于约75g、小于约50g、小于约45g、小于约40g、小于约35g、小于约30g、小于约25g、小于约20g或小于约15g。
在另一个实施方式中,本文公开的任一方法在治疗每天消耗以下膳食源的Ω-3脂肪酸的对象(一个或多个)中的应用:小于(实际或平均)约10g、小于约9g、小于约8g、小于约7g、小于约6g、小于约5g、小于约4g、小于约3g、小于约2g。
在另一个实施方式中,本文公开的任一方法在治疗每天消耗以下膳食源的EPA和DHA(组合的)的对象(一个或多个)中的应用:小于(实际或平均)约2.5g、小于约2g、小于约1.5g、小于约1g、小于约0.5g、小于约0.25g、或小于约0.2g。
在一个实施方式中,在本发明的各种实施方式中有用的组合物包括作为活性成分的多不饱和脂肪酸。在另一个实施方式中,这些组合物包括作为活性成分的EPA。如本文使用的术语“EPA”指二十碳五烯酸(例如,二十-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酸)和/或其药学上可接受的酯、衍生物、复合物或盐、或任一前述的混合物。
在一个实施方式中,EPA包括所有顺式反式-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酸。在另一个实施方式中,EPA是以二十碳五烯酸酯的形式。在另一个实施方式中,EPA包括EPA的C1–C5烷基酯。在另一个实施方式中,EPA包括二十碳五烯酸乙基酯、二十碳五烯酸甲基酯、二十碳五烯酸丙基酯、或二十碳五烯酸丁基酯。在还另一个实施方式中,EPA包括所有–顺式二十-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酸乙基酯。
在还其它实施方式中,EPA包括:乙基-EPA,EPA锂,单、二或三甘油酯EPA,或EPA的任何其它酯或盐、或EPA的游离酸形式。EPA也可以以2-取代衍生物或其它衍生物的形式,其降低其氧化的速度、但是不用别的方法改变其生物作用至任何显著程度。
在本上下文情况中术语“药学上可接受”指在讨论的物质对于对象不产生不可接受的毒性或者与组合物的其它成分相互作用。
在一个实施方式中,在适合于根据本发明使用的组合物中存在的EPA包括超纯EPA。就EPA而言,如本文使用的术语“超纯”指按重量计含有至少96%EPA(如术语“EPA”在本文定义和示例)的组合物。超纯EPA可以包括甚至更高纯度EPA,例如按重量计至少97%EPA,按重量计至少98%EPA,或按重量计至少99%EPA,其中EPA是如本文说明的任何形式的EPA。超纯EPA可以通过本文提供的任一的EPA的描述进一步限定(例如,杂质情况)。
在一些实施方式中,EPA以以下的量在组合物中存在:约50mg至约5000mg,约75mg至约2500mg,或约100mg至约1000mg,例如约75mg、约100mg、约125mg、约150mg、约175mg、约200mg、约225mg、约250mg、约275mg、约300mg、约325mg、约350mg、约375mg、约400mg、约425mg、约450mg、约475mg、约500mg、约525mg、约550mg、约575mg、约600mg、约625mg、约650mg、约675mg、约700mg、约725mg、约750mg、约775mg、约800mg、约825mg、约850mg、约875mg、约900mg、约925mg、约950mg、约975mg、约1000mg、约1025mg、约1050mg、约1075mg、约1100mg、约1025mg、约1050mg、约1075mg、约1200mg、约1225mg、约1250mg、约1275mg、约1300mg、约1325mg、约1350mg、约1375mg、约1400mg、约1425mg、约1450mg、约1475mg、约1500mg、约1525mg、约1550mg、约1575mg、约1600mg、约1625mg、约1650mg、约1675mg、约1700mg、约1725mg、约1750mg、约1775mg、约1800mg、约1825mg、约1850mg、约1875mg、约1900mg、约1925mg、约1950mg、约1975mg、约2000mg、约2025mg、约2050mg、约2075mg、约2100mg、约2125mg、约2150mg、约2175mg、约2200mg、约2225mg、约2250mg、约2275mg、约2300mg、约2325mg、约2350mg、约2375mg、约2400mg、约2425mg、约2450mg、约2475mg、或约2500mg。
在各种实施方式中,一种或多种抗氧化剂可以在EPA(例如,E-EPA或超纯E-EPA)中存在。合适的抗氧剂的非限制性实例包括生育酚、卵磷脂、柠檬酸和/或抗坏血酸。如果需要,一种或多种抗氧化剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在:按重量计大约0.01%至大约0.1%、或按重量计大约0.025%至大约0.05%。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物包含不多于大约10%、不多于大约9%、不多于大约8%、不多于大约7%、不多于大约6%、不多于大约5%、不多于大约4%、不多于大约3%、不多于大约2%、不多于大约1%、或不多于大约0.5%的按重量计的总脂肪酸、二十二碳六烯酸或其衍生物诸如E-DHA,如果有的话。在另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物基本上不包含二十二碳六烯酸或其衍生物诸如E-DHA。在还另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物不含有二十二碳六烯酸或E-DHA。
在另一个实施方式中,EPA按重量计占至少约60%、至少约70%、至少约80%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约97%、至少约98%、至少约99%、或100%的本发明的组合物中存在的所有脂肪酸。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物按重量计含有小于30%、小于20%、小于10%、小于9%、小于8%、小于7%、小于6%、小于5%、小于4%、小于3%、小于2%、小于1%、小于0.5%或小于0.25%的总的组合物脂肪酸、或按重量计的脂肪酸含量、除EPA或其衍生物之外的任何脂肪酸。“除EPA之外的脂肪酸”说明性的实例包括亚麻酸(LA)或其衍生物诸如乙基-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸(AA)或其衍生物诸如乙基-AA、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)或其衍生物诸如乙基-DHA、α-亚麻酸(ALA)或其衍生物诸如乙基-ALA、十八碳四烯酸(STA)或其衍生物诸如乙基-SA、二十碳三烯酸(ETA)或其衍生物诸如乙基-ETA和/或二十二碳五烯酸(DPA)或其衍生物诸如乙基-DPA。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物具有一个或多个以下特征:(a)二十碳五烯酸乙酯按重量计占至少96%、至少97%、或至少98%的组合物中存在的总的脂肪酸;(b)组合物按重量计包含不多于4%、不多于3%、或不多于2%的除二十碳五烯酸乙酯之外的总的脂肪酸;(c)组合物包含不多于0.6%、0.5%或0.4%的除二十碳五烯酸乙酯之外的任何单独的脂肪酸;(d)组合物具有以下的折射率(20℃):大约1至大约2、大约1.2至大约1.8或大约1.4至大约1.5;(e)组合物具有以下的比重(20℃):大约0.8至大约1.0、大约0.85至大约0.95或大约0.9至大约0.92;(f)组合物包含不多于20ppm、15ppm或10ppm重金属,(g)组合物包含不多于5ppm、4ppm、3ppm或2ppm砷,和/或(h)组合物具有以下的过氧化值:不多于5、4、3或2Meq/kg。
在另一个实施方式中,根据本发明的有用的组合物包括以下、基本由以下组成、或由以下组成:按重量计至少95%二十碳五烯酸乙酯(EPA-E)、按重量计大约0.2%至大约0.5%十八碳四烯酸乙酯(ODTA-E)、按重量计大约0.05%至大约.25%十九碳五烯酸乙酯(NDPA-E)、按重量计大约0.2%至大约0.45%花生四烯酸乙酯(AA-E)、按重量计大约0.3%至大约0.5%二十碳四烯酸乙酯(ETA-E)和大约0.05%至大约0.32%二十一碳五烯酸乙酯(HPA-E)。在另一个实施方式中,组合物是在胶囊壳中存在。在还另一个实施方式中,胶囊壳不含有化学改性的明胶。
在另一个实施方式中,根据本发明的有用的组合物包括以下、基本由以下组成、或由以下组成:按重量计至少95%、96%或97%二十碳五烯酸乙酯、按重量计大约0.2%至大约0.5%十八碳四烯酸乙酯、按重量计大约0.05%至大约0.25%十九碳五烯酸乙酯、按重量计大约0.2%至大约0.45%花生四烯酸乙酯、按重量计大约0.3%至大约0.5%二十碳四烯酸乙酯和按重量计大约0.05%至大约0.32%二十一碳五烯酸乙酯。任选地,组合物包含按重量计不多于大约0.06%、大约0.05%或大约0.04%的DHA或其衍生物诸如乙基-DHA。在一个实施方式中,组合物基本上不包含或不包含一定量的DHA或其衍生物诸如乙基-DHA。组合物进一步任选地包括不多于大约0.5%或不多于0.05%量的一种或多种抗氧化剂(例如,生育酚)。在另一个实施方式中,组合物包括大约0.05%至大约0.4%、例如大约0.2%按重量计的生育酚。在另一个实施方式中,在胶囊壳中提供大约500mg至大约1g的组合物。在另一个实施方式中,胶囊壳不含有化学改性的明胶。
在另一个实施方式中,据本发明有用的组合物包括以下、基本由以下组成、或由以下组成:按重量计至少96%二十碳五烯酸乙酯、按重量计大约0.22%至大约0.4%十八碳四烯酸乙酯、按重量计大约0.075%至大约0.20%十九碳五烯酸乙酯、按重量计大约0.25%至大约0.40%花生四烯酸乙酯、按重量计大约0.3%至大约0.4%二十碳四烯酸乙酯和按重量计大约0.075%至大约0.25%二十一碳五烯酸乙酯。任选地,组合物包含不多于按重量计大约0.06%、大约0.05%或大约0.04%的DHA或其衍生物诸如乙基-DHA。在一个实施方式中,组合物基本不含有或不含有一定量的DHA或其衍生物诸如乙基-DHA。组合物进一步任选地包括不多于大约0.5%或不多于0.05%量的抗氧化剂(例如生育酚)。在另一个实施方式中,组合物包括按重量计大约0.05%至大约0.4%、例如大约0.2%的生育酚。在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供胶囊中包含大约500mg至大约1g的前述组合物的剂型。在一个实施方式中,剂型是含凝胶或液体的胶囊和以每片大约1至大约20个胶囊的泡罩包装进行包装。
在另一个实施方式中,根据本发明有用的组合物包括以下、基本由以下组成、或由以下组成:至少96%、97%或98%按重量计的二十碳五烯酸乙酯,大约0.25%至大约0.38%按重量计的十八碳四烯酸乙酯,大约0.10%至大约0.15%按重量计的十九碳五烯酸乙酯,大约0.25%至大约0.35%按重量计的花生四烯酸乙酯,大约0.31%至大约0.38%按重量计的二十碳四烯酸乙酯,和大约0.08%至大约0.20%二十一碳五烯酸乙酯。任选地,组合物按重量计包含不多于大约0.06%、大约0.05%或大约0.04%的DHA或其衍生物诸如乙基-DHA。在一个实施方式中,组合物基本不包含或不包含一定量的DHA或其衍生物诸如乙基-DHA。组合物进一步任选地包括不多于大约0.5%或不多于0.05%量的一种或多种抗氧化剂(例如生育酚)。在另一个实施方式中,组合物包括大约0.05%至大约0.4%、例如大约0.2%按重量计的生育酚。在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供胶囊壳中大约500mg至大约1g的前述组合物的剂型。在另一个实施方式中,胶囊壳不含有化学改性的明胶。
在另一个实施方式中,如本文描述的组合物每天一次或二次地给与对象。在另一个实施方式中,每天给与1、2、3或4个胶囊到对象,每个胶囊含有约1g的如本文描述的组合物。在另一个实施方式中,在上午——例如在上午约5点和约11点之间——给与对象1个或2个胶囊,每个胶囊含有约1g的如本文描述的组合物,在晚上——例如在下午约5点和约11点之间——给与对象1个或2个胶囊,每个胶囊含有约1g的如本文描述的组合物。
在一个实施方式中,根据本发明的方法治疗的对象不是在贝特类或硝酸盐治疗。
在另一个实施方式中,根据本发明的方法有用的组合物是口服可递送的。本文的术语“口服可递送的”或“口服给药”包括递送治疗剂或其组合到对象的任何形式,其中作用剂或组合物放置在患者的嘴中,不论作用剂或组合物是否被吞咽。因此“口服给药”包括口腔、舌下以及食道给药。在一个实施方式中,组合物以胶囊存在,例如软胶囊。
根据本发明应用的组合物可以被制剂为一个或多个剂量单位。在本文的术语“剂量单位”(“dose unit”和“dosage unit”)指含有适合于单次给药以提供疗效量的治疗剂的部分的药物组合物。这种剂量单位可以每天给与一次或多次(即,1至大约10、1至8、1至6、1至4或1至2)、或需要引起应答的次数。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供如本文描述的任何组合物用于治疗需要其的对象中中等至严重高甘油三酯血症的用途,包括:提供具有约500mg/dl至约1500mg/dl的空腹基线甘油三酯的对象,和给与对象如本文描述的药物组合物。在一个实施方式中,组合物包括约1g至约4g的二十碳五烯酸乙基酯,其中组合物基本不含有二十二碳六烯酸。
实施例
实施例1:超纯EPA的安全性和功效
进行多中心、安慰剂对照的、随机的、12周研究,以评估>96%E-EPA在具有≥200mg/dl和<500mg/dl的空腹甘油三酯水平的患者中的功效和安全性,虽有他汀类疗法(两个入围进入值的平均值需要是≥185mg/dl,且至少一个值需要是≥200mg/dl)。研究的主要目的是确定每天2g和每天4g的>96%E-EPA的功效,相较于安慰剂,降低具有心血管疾病的高风险和具有≥200mg/dL和<500mg/dL的空腹TG水平的患者中的空腹TG水平,虽有他汀类疗法对LDL-C目标的治疗。
本研究的次要目的是如下:
1.确定每天2g和每天4g的>96%E-EPA的安全性和耐受性;
2.确定>96%E-EPA对于脂质和脱酯载酯蛋白情况的影响,包括总胆固醇(TC)、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(非-HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和非常高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VHDL-C);
3.确定>96%E-EPA对于从基线到12周的脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)的影响;
4.确定>96%E-EPA对于低密度脂蛋白(LDL)颗粒数量和大小的影响;
5.确定>96%E-EPA对于氧化LDL的影响;
6.确定>96%E-EPA对于空腹血糖(FPG)和血红蛋白A1c(HbA1c)的影响;
7.确定>96%E-EPA对于胰岛素抵抗指数的影响;
8.确定>96%E-EPA对于高敏C-反应蛋白(hsCRP)的影响;
9.确定每天2g和每天4g>96%E-EPA对于脂肪酸结合入红细胞膜和结合入血浆磷脂的影响;
10.研究基线空腹TG水平和空腹TG水平的降低之间的关系;和
11.研究血浆中脂肪酸浓度的改变和红细胞膜之间以及空腹TG水平的降低之间的关系。
该研究的人群是>18、具有≤45kg/m2的体重指数与大于或等于200mg/dl且小于500mg/dl的空腹TG水平、在他汀类疗法的稳定剂量(有或没有依折麦布)的男性和女性。他汀类必须是阿托伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀或辛伐他汀。他汀类剂量必须是稳定的持续≥4周,然后随机的LDL-C/TG基线入围测量。他汀类剂量将是最适宜的,使得患者处于他们的LDL-C/TG基线入围测量的LDL-C目标。继续相同剂量的相同他汀类,直到研究结束。
服用另外的非他汀类、脂质改变药物(烟酸>200mg/day,贝特类,鱼油,含有-3脂肪酸的其它产品,或具有脂质改变作用的其它草药产品或膳食补充剂)的患者,单独地或者他汀类疗法(有或没有依折麦布)组合,在筛选时必须能够安全地停止非他汀类、脂质改变剂疗法。
CVD高风险的患者,即,具有如在美国胆固醇教育项目(NCEP)成人治疗计划书III(ATP III)指南中定义的临床冠心病(CHD)或临床CHD风险当量(10-年风险>20%)患者,将适合于参与该研究。那些包括具有任一以下标准:(1)已知CVD,临床冠心病(CHD)、症状性颈动脉病(CAD)、外周动脉性病(PAD)、或者腹主动脉瘤;或(2)糖尿病(1或2型)。
大约648患者将在美国的大约80个中心随机分配。该研究将是18至20周、3期、由以下2个研究时间段组成的多中心研究:(1)6-至8-周筛选时间段,其包括饮食和生活方式稳定、非他汀类改变治疗失败、和LDL-C和TG入围时间段,和(2)12周、双盲、随机、安慰剂对照治疗时间段。
在筛选时间段和双盲治疗时间段期间,所有的访问将是在计划时间的±3天内。所有患者将继续在相同剂量服用他汀类产品(有或没有依折麦布),他们在筛选时服用,整个他们参与研究中。
6-至8-周筛选时间段包括饮食和生活方式稳定化、非他汀类脂质改变治疗失败、以及LDL-C和TG入围时间段。所有患者的筛选访问(访问1)将在随机化之前的6周(对于在筛选时处于稳定他汀类疗法[(有或没有依折麦布]的患者)或8周(对于在筛选时将要求他们的当前非他汀类脂质改变疗法淘汰的患者)发生,如下:
不需要淘汰的患者:筛选访问将在访问1(6-周)发生。合格的患者将进4入4-周饮食和生活方式稳定时间段。在筛选访问时,所有患者将接受关于美国胆固醇教育项目NCEP)治疗性生活方式改变(TLC)饮食的忠告,并将接受如何遵守该饮食的基本说明。
将需要淘汰的患者:筛选访问将在访问1(周-8)发生。合格的患者将在筛选访问的6-周淘汰时间段开始(即,在第一LDL-C/TG入围访问之前的6周淘汰)。患者将接受关于NCEPTLC饮食的忠告,并将接受如何遵守该饮食的基本说明。现场工作人员将联系基于筛选的实验室结果不入围参与的患者指示他们恢复他们先前的脂质改变药物。
在4-周饮食和生活方式稳定稳定的时间段、或者6-周饮食和稳定以及淘汰时间段的结束时,合格的患者将进入2-周LDL-C和TG入围时间段,并将具有在第2访问(周-2)和第3访问(周-1)的它们空腹LDL-C和TG水平。合格的患者将必须具有≥40mg/dL和<100mg/dL的平均空腹TG水平,以进入12-周双盲处理时间段。入围的LDL-C和TG水平将基于第2访问(周-2)和第3访问(周-1)值的平均数(算术均数)。如果患者的第2访问和第3访问的LDL-C和/或TG水平落在进入研究的要求的范围之外,可以在访问3.1后1周收集另外的空腹脂质情况,进入研究将基于访问3和访问3.1的值的平均数(算术均数)。
在入围空腹LDL-C和TG值的确认后,合格的患者将进入12-周、随机、双盲处理时间段。在第4访问(0周),患者将随机分配到以下处理组的1个:
●每天2g的>96%E-EPA,
●每天4g的>96%E-EPA,或
●安慰剂。
每个治疗组大约216个患者将在该研究中被随机分布。由他汀类的类型(阿托伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀或辛伐他汀)、糖尿病的存在、和性别分等级。
在双盲处理时间段期间,患者将返回到在第5访问(4周)、第6访问(11周)、和第7访问(12周)的地点进行功效和安全性评估。
合格的患者将在第4访问(0周)进行随机分配以口服每天接受>96%E-EPA 2g、>96%E-EPA 4g、或安慰剂。
>96%E-EPA以1g液体填充、椭圆形胶囊提供。匹配的安慰剂胶囊充满石蜡和含有0g的>96%E-EPA。>96%E-EPA胶囊与食物一起服用(即,进餐一起或者在进餐结束时)。
在双盲处理期间,患者将在早上服用2个胶囊(>96%E-EPA或匹配的安慰剂)和晚上服用2个胶囊,每天总共4个胶囊。
●每天>96%E-EPA 2g治疗组的患者将在早上和晚上接受1个>96%E-EPA 1g和1个匹配的安慰剂胶囊。
●每天>96%E-EPA 4g治疗组的患者将在早上和晚上接受2个>96%E-EPA 1g胶囊。
在安慰剂对照的患者将在早上和晚上接受2个匹配安慰剂胶囊。
双盲治疗期间的主要疗效变量是从基线到12周终点的TG变化百分比。双盲治疗期间的次要疗效变量包括以下:
●从基线到12周终点的总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、LDL-C、计算的非-HDL-C、和非常低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)的变化百分比;
●从基线到12周的非常低密度脂蛋白TG变化百分比;
●从基线到12周的脱酯载酯蛋白A-I(apo A-I)、脱酯载酯蛋白B(apo B)、和apoA-I/apo B比的变化百分比;
●从基线到12周的脂蛋白(a)变化百分比;
●从基线到12周的LDL颗粒数量和大小的变化百分比,通过核磁共振测量;
●从基线到12周的残粒样颗粒胆固醇的变化百分比;
●从基线到12周的氧化LDL变化百分比;
●从基线到12周的FPG和HbA1c变化;
●基线到12周的胰岛素抗性变化,如通过稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数评估;
●基线到12周的脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)的变化百分比;
●基线到12周的细胞间粘附分子-1变化;
●基线到12周的白细胞介素-2变化;
●基线到12周的纤维蛋白溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1变化。注释:该参数将仅在合适贮存条件的地点进行收集;
●基线到12周的hsCRP变化;和
●基线到12周的脂肪酸的血浆浓度和红细胞膜含量的变化,包括EPA、二十二碳五烯酸(DPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、花生四烯酸(AA)、二高-γ-亚麻酸(DGLA)、EPA/AA的比、油酸/硬脂酸(OA/SA)的比、和总Ω-3酸与总Ω-6酸的比。
安全评估将包括不良事件、临床实验室测量(化学、血液学和尿分析)、12-导线心电图(ECGs)、生命体征和身体检查。
对于TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、计算的非-HDL-C,、和VLDL-C,基线将被定义为第4访问(0周)和先前的脂质合格访问(访问3[周-1],或者如果出现,访问3.1)测量的平均数。所有其它疗效参数的基线将是访问4(0周)测量。
对于TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、计算的非-HDL-C,、和VLDL-C,12周终点将被定义为访问6(11周)和访问7(12周)测量的平均数。
所有其它疗效参数的12周终点将是访问7(12周)测量。
主要疗效分析将使用双向共变数分析(ANCOVA)模型,其中治疗作为因子和基线TG值作为协变量。将估计每个治疗组和每个比较的最小二乘法平均数、标准差、和双尾95%置信区间。相同的双向ANCOVA将用于次要疗效变量的分析。
对于符合方案人群(per-protocol population)重复主要分析,以确认意向治疗人群的结果的可靠性。
LDL-C基线的变化百分比的非劣性检验将在>96%E-EPA剂量和安慰剂之间完成,使用6%的非劣性界值和0.05的显著水平。
对于以下重要的次要疗效参数,使用Dunnett’s检验比较治疗组以控制类型1错误率:TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、非-HDL-C、VLDL-C、Lp-PLA2、和apo B。对于剩下的次要疗效参数,将不使用Dunnett’s检验,且ANCOVA输出将被认为是描述性的。
安全性的评估将主要基于不良事件频率、临床实验室评估、生命体征和12-导线ECGs。主要疗效变量是从基线到12周的空腹TG水平的变化百分比。每个治疗组194个完成的患者的样本大小将提供90.6%推翻假设的机率(power),以检测>96%E-EPA和安慰剂之间在空腹TG水平基线的变化百分比的15%差别,假定TG测量的45%的标准偏差和p<0.05的显著水平。
空腹LDL-C的先前数据显示研究药物和安慰剂之间2.2%的基线百分比变化的差别,具有15%的标准偏差。每个治疗组194个完成的患者的样本大小将提供80%推翻假设的机率,以证明每天>96%E-EPA 4g和安慰剂之间的LDL-C应答的非劣性(p<0.05,单侧的),在6%界值之内。为了容纳随机化到完成双盲治疗期间的10%脱试率(drop-out rate),计划总的648个随机的患者(每个治疗组216个患者)。
实施例2:与年龄相关的记忆损害的对象中认知表现的提高
进行单中心、6-周、双盲、随机、平行组、安慰剂对照、剂量范围初步研究,以评估>96%乙基-EPA在对象中的功效、耐受性和安全性,所述对象根据年龄相关的记忆损害(“AAMI”)的通常接受的标准为主观和客观的记忆损害。该研究的主要目的是确定,与安慰剂相比,每天>96%乙基-EPA 1g、2g、和4g对于AAMI患者中认知表现的作用。
该研究的次要目的如下:
1.确定>96%E-EPA对于计算机化认知成套测试(computerized cognitivebattery)中的以下试验的作用:
●注意任务的连续性;
●工作记忆任务的质量;
●事件记忆任务的质量;和
●注意任务的速度;
2.由常规临床实验室试验、不良事件(“AE”)监测、和生命体征确定96%E-EPA的安全性和耐受性;和
3.通过测量血浆和红细胞膜中的基本的脂肪酸,确定在认知端点上>96%E-EPA的可能的剂量-效应关系。
该研究的人群是年龄在50和70之间的男性和女性,其具有记忆丧失的自报告的抱怨、主观和客观的认知损害,具有在年龄匹配的老年人群的平均值的分数以下至少一个标准偏差的分数,如由韦氏记忆量表的配对联想学习(“PAL”)子集的13和20个之间的总的分数确定,如通过在韦氏成人智力量表的词汇分测试上的至少9个比例得分(至少32个原始分数)测定的充分的智力功能的证据,以及如通过在简易精神状态检查(“MMSE”)上的24个或更高的分数的测定的痴呆的不存在。
基于以下排除标准排除潜在的对象:
●不可能或不能够符合研究药品剂量要求;
●诊断为重度抑郁症、老年痴呆症或者血管性痴呆,如根据简明国际神经精神访谈(“MINI”)/精神障碍(第四版)文本修订(“TR”)标准的诊断和统计手册;
●以下的过去或当期的病史:
○可能影响认知功能的神经或精神障碍;
○炎症性肠胃道疾病诸如克罗恩病或溃疡性结肠炎;
○除了基底细胞癌之外的癌症;
○临床显著的心脏异常,如通过12-导线ECG测量;
●不充分控制的任何其它医学状况或并发的疾病,根据该研究的研究人员意见,其可能将对象置于风险中,当参与该研究时,或者可以影响研究的结果或者影响对象参与该研究的能力;
●在筛查时临床显著的一场筛查结果(例如,血液学、生化),或者落到该人群的正常范围之外的生命体征,根据该研究的研究人员的意见,其将影响对象的研究的适宜性;
●在基线访问的4周内,对于医疗状况的处方药品的改变;
●在基线访问的4周内或在研究治疗时间段的期间中Ω-3补充;
●当前服用抗凝血剂或每天大于325mg的阿司匹林剂量。
●在基线访问的2周内或在6周治疗时间段的期间中,含有鸦片制剂或抗组胺剂的感冒或流感药物;和
●对于研究药物或安慰剂的任何成分的已知过敏反应。
94个对象随机分入以下六个组中的一个:每天1g E-EPA(n=23),每天2g E-EPA(n=24),每天4g E-EPA(n=24),每天1g安慰剂(n=7),每天2g安慰剂(n=8),和每天4g安慰剂(n=8)。E-EPA作为500mg软胶囊提供,含有>96%E-EPA和0.2%作为抗氧化剂的dl-α-生育酚。安慰剂胶囊含有467mg的液体石蜡和0.2%dl-α-生育酚。91个对象完成该研究。2g E-EPA组中两个对象和2g安慰剂对照中的一个对象中断研究。
该研究由筛选访问、培训访问和四个研究访问组成。在筛选访问,对象的合格通过以下确定:认知试验(口头配对联想学习[PAL]分量表、词汇分测试、记忆评估诊疗问卷[MAC-Q]、简短智能评估[MMSE]和MINI[简明国际神经精神访谈;精神障碍的诊断和统计手册的第1和2部分,第4版(DSM-IV),加上精神抑郁症]),血液学,临床化学和12-导线心电图(ECG)。在培训访问,对象被显示示如何使用CDR计算机化系统。对象进行6周的药物研究,且在0、14、28和42天,对象进行CDR认知成套测试。
在筛选时,认知测试和研究的适宜性使用以下进行研究:口头配对相关测试1(韦氏记忆量表),WAIS、MAC-Q、MMSE和MINI的词汇分测试(DSM-IV第1和2部分加上精神抑郁症)。
来自CDR计算机化认知评价系统的选择的任务在访问2(培训访问)、访问3(基线)、访问4(第14天)、访问(第28天)和访问6(第42天)给与。在每个测试阶段提供测试的平行表格。所有的任务是计算机控制的,信息在高分辨率监测器上呈现,且应答经过含有两个按钮的应答模型记录:一个标记为‘否’而另一标记为‘是’。五个CDR组合分数用作为主要/次要结果变量使用。任务标题是:
●词语呈现
●即时词语回忆
●图片呈现
●简单反应时间
●数字警惕(Digit Vigilance)
●选择反应时间
●空间工作记忆
●数字工作记忆
●延迟词语回忆
●词语识别
●图片识别
●情绪和警觉的Bond-Lader视觉模拟评分
●筛选,使用计算机鼠标
为了保证方法的一致性,提供在认知测试和CDR成套测试上的完全培训以研究现场工作人员和研究对象。每个变量的结果使用由CDR发展的机器界面自动记录。
血液样品(10mL)在访问1(筛查)以及在访问4、5和6收集。通过Scottish CropResearch Institute,Dundee,UK的MSR脂质分析进行分析。筛查样品作为EFA测量的基线。脂质从血浆、血清和RBC悬浮提取,且转化成为脂肪酸甲基酯,其通过气相色谱分析,给出作为每克样品的微克脂肪酸(μgFA/g)和归一化面积百分比的脂肪酸情况。
具有至少1次访问基线后的所有随机对象包括在意向治疗(“ITT”)人群中,不管实际上接受的治疗。
完成该研究、排除显著方案偏差者(significant protocol deviators)的所有随机对象被定义为安全性符合方案人群。疗效符合方案人群基于疗效完成者(completers)。安全性和疗效符合人群的截取(intercept)定义为研究符合方案人群。
至少接受1个剂量的研究药品的所有随机对象包括在安全人群中。
对于ITT和研究符合方案人群的所有组合分数、主要和支持的变量分开地提供汇总统计。对于未调整和基线数据差别(即,在0天上时间匹配的预剂量评估的差别)汇总统计。通过治疗、天和时间点计算汇总统计。汇总统计包括n、平均数、中位数、中位值、SD、平均数的标准误差(“SEM”)、最小和最大值。
通过使用 PROC MIXED 8.2版的共变量分析(“ANCOVA”)评估每个主要变量的基线数据的差别。治疗、天数、时间点、通过天治疗、通过时间点处理拟合固定的作用。在治疗内的对象使用重复声明拟合作为重复作用。使用复合对称共变量结构。在0天的对象的时间匹配的预剂量评估被用作为分析中的协变量。
通过天处理、通过时间点处理和通过天数通过时间点相互作用计算最小二乘法平均数(LS平均数)。对于ITT和研究PP人群分开地进行这种正式分析。
安全性评估基于安全人群。根据AEs、生命体征、12-导线ECG、临床实验室数据、病史、和研究药物顺从性评估安全性和耐受性。安全性和耐受性数据由治疗组呈现。
RBC和血浆EFA数据在基线、14、28和42天收集,和由每个治疗组的访问总结。进行乙基-EPA剂量组和乙基-EPA对安慰剂的ANCOCA比较。
疗效结果
对于ITT和研究PP分析人群完成所有的CDR认知成套测试。
对于意向治疗的注意能力的分析,治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗没有显著的作用。在积极治疗和安慰剂之间在任何时间点没有LS平均数差别。
对于起作用的分任务简单反应时间和数字警惕速度,治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗没有显著的作用。对于分任务测量选择反应时间,通过天相互作用有统计学意义治疗(p=0.011)。
对于注意符合方案能力的研究,治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗没有显著的作用。在积极治疗和安慰剂之间在任何时间点没有差别。
对于简单反应时间和数字警戒速度的分任务,治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗没有显著的作用。对于分任务测量、选择反应时间,通过天相互作用有统计学意义治疗(p=0.013)。
注意的意向治疗连续性和起作用的分任务数字警戒目标检测测试,没有显示治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗的统计学意义作用。
对于注意测试的研究符合方案连续性,治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗没有统计学意义的作用。
对于检测的数字警戒目标的分任务,通过时间点相互作用有统计学意义治疗(p=0.040)。
对于工作记忆测试的意向治疗的质量,通过天相互作用有统计学意义治疗(p=0.019)。
对于空间工作记忆敏感性指数起作用的分任务,通过天相互作用有统计学意义治疗(p=0.015)。
对于数字工作记忆敏感性指数,对于通过天相互作用有统计学趋势(p=0.089)。
对于工作记忆测试的研究符合方案质量,通过天相互作用有统计学意义治疗(p=0.021)。
对于空间工作记忆敏感性指数起作用的分任务,通过天相互作用有统计学意义治疗(p=0.014)。
对于事件次要记忆测试的意向治疗质量,治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗没有显著的作用。LS平均数差别显示乙基-EPA 1g和2g对于安慰剂显示总体统计学意义降低(分别是p=0.040和p=0.035)。
对于即时和延迟词语回忆准确性以及对于词语和图片识别敏感指数起作用的分任务,治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗没有显著的作用。对于即时词语回忆准确性,1g在第14天(p=0.028)和2g在28天(p=0.017)上,LS平均数差别显示统计学意义的降低。在AM1,1g和2g相对于安慰剂,有统计学意义的降低(分别是p=0.040和p=0.028)。乙基-EPA 1g对于安慰剂在14天上在PM 2(p=0.020)和2g在28天上在AM 1(p=0.006),有显著意义的降低。对于词语识别敏感性指数,乙基-EPA 1g在28天(p=0.024)和4g在42天(p=0.038)相对于安慰剂,LS平均数差别显示统计学意义降低。4g在PM 2(p=0.045)有统计学意义的降低,和4g对安慰剂在28天上在PM 2(p=0.030)有统计学意义降低。对于图片识别敏感性指数,1g对安慰剂在28天上在AM 2(p=0.017)和在PM 2(p=0.040),LS平均数差别显示统计学意义降低。对于事件次要记忆测试的研究符合方案质量,治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗没有显著的作用。1g和2g对于安慰剂,LS平均数差别显示总体统计学意义降低(分别是p=0.043和p=0.036)。
对于即时和延迟词语回忆准确性以及对于词语和图片识别敏感指数起作用的分任务,治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗没有显著的作用。对于即时词语回忆准确性,乙基-EPA 1g在第14天(p=0.024)和2g在28天(p=0.017)上,LS平均数差别对于安慰剂显示统计学意义的降低。对于1g和2g在AM 1(分别是p=0.038和p=0.029)和对于1g在AM 2(p=0.048),由统计学意义降低。1g相对于安慰剂在14天上在PM 2(p=0.019)和对于2g在28天上在AM 1(p=0.006),有统计学意义降低。
对于词语识别敏感指数,4g在42天上(p=0.038)和1g在28天上(p=0.027),LS平均数差别对于安慰剂显示统计学意义降低。
对于图片识别敏感指数,1g在28天上在AM 2(p=0.020)和PM 2(p=0.026)相对于安慰剂,LS平均数差别显示统计学意义降低。
对于记忆意向治疗速度和空间和数字工作记忆速度和词语、和图像识别速度起作用的分任务,治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗没有显著的作用。对于空间工作记忆速度,相对于安慰剂,乙基-EPA 4g在14天上在PM 1(p=0.048)以及4g在42天上在AM 1的益处的趋势(p=0.061),LS平均数差别显示统计学意义的益处。对于图片识别速度,相对于安慰剂,1g在14天上在AM 2(p=0.084)和在28天上在AM 1(p=0.085),有益处的趋势。
对于记忆符合方案速度研究以及空间和数字工作记忆速度和词语、和图片识别速度起作用的分任务,治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗没有显著的作用。
对于意向治疗的自测警觉性,治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗没有统计学意义的作用。乙基-EPA 2g在28天(p=0.047)上相对于安慰剂,LS平均数差别显示统计学意义等级降低。2g在28天上在AM 2(p=0.041)相对于安慰剂,有统计学意义等级降低。对于符合方案自觉警觉性研究,治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗没有统计学意义的作用。对于乙基-EPA 2g在28天(p=0.035)上相对于安慰剂,LS平均数差别显示统计学意义等级降低。2g在28天上在AM 2(p=0.033)相对于安慰剂,有统计学意义等级降低。
对于意向治疗的自测满足,通过天相互作用,有统计学意义的治疗(p<0.001)。LS平均数差异对于安慰剂显示没有统计学意义的作用。对于符合方案自测满足研究,通过天相互作用,有统计学意义的治疗(p<0.001)。LS平均数差别对于安慰剂没有显示统计学意义作用。
对于意向治疗的自测平静,治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗没有统计学意义的作用。对于符合方案自测平静的研究,治疗、通过天的任何治疗、通过时间点的治疗、或者通过天数通过时间点相互作用的治疗没有统计学意义的作用。对于乙基-EPA 4g在42天上在PM 1(p=0.071)相对于安慰剂,LS平均数差别显示统计学的等级增加的趋势。
事后分析将单独的安慰剂对照(1g、2g和4g石蜡油)与相应的乙基-EPA剂量比较。
数据模式提供乙基-EPA 4g可以提高基于注意测量的速度的证据。对于注意能力,4g在42天上相对于相应安慰剂,有总体的益处。4g在PM 2失败经历数天以及在14天和42天上,简单反应时间分任务显示性能提高。在选择反应时间任务中,4g提高是最显著的,其中4g相对于对应安慰剂有总体益处,反映4g相对于安慰剂在所有研究天数上的益处。整个评估天数中的性能提高的模式作为提高是相当令人信服的,在14天上开始,在2个时间点上看见提高,然而在42天上乙基-EPA 4g优于在每个时间点的安慰剂。
对于注意的连续性,有性能上分开的下降或提高,但是没有作用的通用模式,且认为这些差别不可能是由于研究化合物。对于工作记忆的质量和在数字工作记忆敏感性指数分任务测量,如在原始分析中,有仅有的性能分开的提高和下降,其最可能与治疗不相关的。但是,对于空间工作记忆敏感性指数,乙基-EPA 4g相对于安慰剂在42天上,在PP人群研究中有总体益处,其对应于基于注意测量所见的提高。
对于事件次要记忆的质量和起作用的分任务,乙基-EPA有多种降低,其可以通过安慰剂和积极治疗组之间的已存在的差别进行解释,其在原始分析中可见。相较于原始分析,记忆的速度的测量分任务显示积极治疗的性能提高的一些迹象,主要是1g相对于安慰剂。对于自测警觉性和自测满足,在14和28天上,1g剂量显示等级降低。但是,这些降低与CDR注意任务中的性能的下降不相关。与原始计划分析的一样,在自测平静中积极治疗和安慰剂之间没有差别。
安全性结果
使用小于80%的处方剂量的对象被认为是不顺从的;除了那些由于其他原因退出的那些对象外,只有1个对象落入该类别中和退出。
总的,在研究期间,139件治疗紧急AEs(“TEAEs”)由62个(66.0%)对象所报道。多数TEAEs被认为严重性为温和的,且与研究药物不相关。与安慰剂治疗组(34件事件)相比,乙基-EPA治疗组(105件事件)报道更多的TEAEs。乙基-EPA治疗组报道1件SAE,且3个对象由于TEAEs而中断:2个对象来自乙基-EPA 2g治疗组(这些对象中的1个停止的主要原因是非顺从性),和1个对象来自安慰剂2g治疗组。
在研究期间没有死亡。没有TEAEs明确地与研究药物相关。接受1g乙基-EPA的一个对象经历恶心,这可能与研究药物相关。接受4g乙基-EPA的另一个对象经历腹泻,这可能与研究药物相关;接受2g安慰剂的另一个对象也经历腹泻,其可能与研究药物相关。五个对象经历恶心,这可能与研究药物相关;两个在1g乙基-EPA队列中;1个在2g乙基-EPA队列中;2个在4g乙基-EPA队列中。接受2g安慰剂的一个对象经历疼痛,这可能与研究药物相关。所有其它TEAEs与研究药物不相关或不可能相关的,和包括鼻咽炎(n=3)、膀胱炎(n=2)、咳嗽(n=7)、牙痛(n=2)、咽喉疼痛(n=2)、背部疼痛(n=2)、尿频(n=2)、流感样疾病(n=2),头痛(n=15),腹泻(n=2)、和恶心(n=1)。
具有短暂性脑缺血发作、高血压和手部的退化性关节炎和骨质疏松的病史、接受2g乙基-EPA的一个对象经历了恶化的腹上部胸腔疼,在研究开始后的17天和在研究药物的最后剂量的9天。计划内的内窥镜检查揭示食管炎和小食管裂孔疝。该对象用奥美拉唑治疗,该药解决其症状。该对象在其症状的发作的14天内已经服用非洛地平、瑞舒伐他汀、阿斯匹林、葡糖胺和奎宁。该研究的研究者确定她的症状与研究药物不相关,和从该研究中将该对象退出。在研究期间没有其它严重的不良事件。
血浆和RBCs中的基本脂肪酸参数在基线以及在14、28和42天上测量(表1–6中示出)。与安慰剂对照相比,这些参数的显著的变化在14、28和42天的乙基-EPA治疗组中出现。从血浆和RBC中的基线到乙基-EPA1、2和4g治疗组的42天,EPA、DPAn-3和EPA/AA比值大幅地增加,但是剩下的类似于安慰剂治疗组中的基线。与乙基-EPA 1g和2g治疗组相比,血浆和RBC中的EPA、AA(只有RBC)、DPAn-3、DGLA(1g只是对于血浆)和EPA/AA比水平的差别显著地(LS平均数,p≤0.05)不同于乙基-EPA 4g治疗组。
表1.基线到14、28和42天上的EFA参数EPA(血浆和RBC)平均值变化
表2.基线到14、28和42天上的EFA参数AA(血浆和RBC)平均值变化
表3.基线到14、28和42天上的EFA参数DHA(血浆和RBC)平均值变化
表4.基线到14、28和42天上的EFA参数DPAn-3(血浆和RBC)平均值变化
表5.基线到14、28和42天上的EFA参数DGLA(血浆和RBC)平均值变化
表6.基线到14、28和42天上的EFA参数EPA/AA(血浆和RBC)平均值变化
Claims (13)
1.用于降低在稳定的他汀类疗法、具有约200mg/dl至约500mg/dl的基线空腹甘油三酯的对象的甘油三酯和LDL-C的药物组合物,其中所述组合物包括按重量计占至少96%的组合物中存在的总的脂肪酸的二十碳五烯酸乙酯,其中将4g所述组合物每天给予所述对象共12周的时间段,其中相比较于维持在稳定的他汀类疗法、没有相伴的给予所述组合物的对照对象,所述对象显示降低的空腹甘油三酯和LDL-C。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中相比较于所述对照对象的非-HDL-C还用于降低非-HDL-C。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的组合物,其中相比较于所述对照对象的VLDL-C还用于降低VLDL-C。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的组合物,其中相比较于所述对照对象的脱酯载酯蛋白B还用于降低脱酯载酯蛋白B。
5.根据权利要求1、2、3和4任一所述的组合物,其中相比较于所述对照对象的总胆固醇还用于降低总胆固醇。
6.根据权利要求1、2、3、4和5任一所述的组合物,其中空腹甘油三酯的降低至少为5%和/或LDL-C的降低至少为5%。
7.根据权利要求1、2、3、4、5和6任一所述的组合物,其中所述对象和所述对照对象具有约40mg/dl至约115mg/dl的基线LDL-C,或者具有约40mg/dl至约100mg/dl的基线LDL-C。
8.根据权利要求1、2、3、4、5、6和7任一所述的组合物,其中所述药物组合物封装在胶囊中,任选地其中所述胶囊包括明胶,其中1至4个的所述胶囊每天给与到所述对象。
9.根据权利要求1、2、3、4、5、6、7和8任一所述的组合物,其中所述他汀类选自阿托伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀和辛伐他汀。
10.根据权利要求1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8和9任一所述的组合物,其中所述对象和所述对照对象具有不大于45kg/m2的基线体重指数。
11.根据权利要求10所述的组合物,其中所述对象不在相伴的烟酸或贝特类疗法。
12.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述对象和所述对照对象具有小于或等于约160mmHg的基线坐位收缩压以及小于约100mmHg的基线坐位舒张压。
13.根据前述权利要求任一所述的组合物,其中所述药物组合物不含有DHA或其衍生物。
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