CN102458411A - 作为jak抑制剂的3-[4-(7h-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1h-吡唑-1-基]辛烷-或庚烷-腈 - Google Patents
作为jak抑制剂的3-[4-(7h-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1h-吡唑-1-基]辛烷-或庚烷-腈 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及Janus激酶(JAK)抑制剂3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈或3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈、以及其组合物和使用方法,其可用于治疗JAK-相关疾病,包括例如炎症和自身免疫疾患、皮肤病、癌症和其他疾病。
Description
该申请要求2009年5月22日提交的美国临时申请No.61/180,582的优先权的权益,其通过引用全文并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及Janus激酶(JAK)抑制剂3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈或3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈、以及其组合物和使用方法,其可用于治疗JAK-相关疾病,包括例如炎症和自身免疫疾患、皮肤病、癌症和其他疾病。
背景技术
蛋白激酶(PK)调节多种生物过程,特别包括细胞生长、存活、分化、器官形成、形态发生、新血管形成、组织修复和再生。蛋白激酶还在人疾病(包括癌症)的宿主中发挥专门作用。细胞因子(低分子量多肽或糖蛋白)调节针对败血症的宿主炎症应答所涉及的多种途径。细胞因子影响细胞分化、增殖和激活,并且可以调节促-炎症和抗-炎症应答以允许宿主合适地针对病原体反应。细胞因子的大范围的信号传导包括蛋白酪氨酸激酶的Janus激酶家族(JAK)和信号转导及转录激活因子(STAT)。存在四种已知哺乳动物JAK:JAK1(Janus激酶-1),JAK2,JAK3(也称为Janus激酶,白细胞;JAKL;和L-JAK)以及TYK2(蛋白-酪氨酸激酶2)。
细胞因子-刺激的免疫和炎症应答有助于疾病的发病机理:病理学,例如严重复合免疫不全症(SCID)源自免疫系统的抑制,而过度兴奋或不合适免疫/炎症应答有助于自身免疫疾病(例如哮喘,全身性红斑狼疮,甲状腺炎,心肌炎)的病理学,以及疾病诸如硬皮病和骨关节炎(Ortmann,R.A.,T.Cheng,et al.(2000)Arthritis Res 2(1):16-32)。
JAK表达中的缺陷有关于多种疾病状态。例如,Jak1-/-小鼠在出生时是劣畜,无法看护并且出生前后死亡(Rodig,S.J.,M.A.Meraz,et al.(1998)Cell 93(3):373-83)。Jak2-/-小鼠胚胎是贫血的,并且由于缺乏决定性红血球生成而在交配后约12.5天死亡。
JAK/STAT途径、特别是所有四种JAK据信在哮喘应答、慢性阻塞性肺病、支气管炎和下呼吸道的其他相关炎症的发病机理中发挥作用。通过JAK传导信号的多种细胞因子和上呼吸道的炎症/病症关联,例如影响鼻子和鼻窦的那些(例如鼻炎和鼻窦炎),而无论是否为典型的过敏反应。JAK/STAT途径也涉及眼睛和慢性过敏性应答的炎症/病症。
癌症中JAK/STAT的激活可通过下列方式发生:细胞因子刺激(例如IL-6或GM-CSF),或JAK信号传导的内源性抑制剂的减少,例如SOCS(抑制剂或细胞因子信号传导)或PIAS(激活的STAT的蛋白抑制剂)(Boudny,V,and Kovarik,J.,Neoplasm.49:349-355,2002)。STAT信号传导以及JAK的其他下游途径(例如Akt)的激活在多种癌症类型中相关于较差的预后(Bowman,T.,et al.Oncogene 19:2474-2488,2000)。通过JAK/STAT信号传导的循环细胞因子的水平提高在恶病质和/或慢性疲劳中起到病因的作用。这样,出于超出潜在抗肿瘤活性的原因,JAK抑制可有益于癌症患者。
JAK2酪氨酸激酶可有益于患有骨髓增生性疾病例如真性红细胞增多症(PV)、特发性血小板增多症(ET)、伴有骨髓纤维变性的髓样化生(MMM)的患者(Levin,et al.,Cancer Cell,vol.7,2005:387-397)。JAK2V617F激酶的抑制降低了造血细胞的增殖,从而表明JAK2为在患有PV,ET和MMM的患者中用于病理抑制的潜在靶点。
JAK的抑制可有益于患有皮肤免疫疾患的患者,例如银屑病和皮肤敏化。除了多种趋化因子和生长因子,银屑病的保持据信取决于多种炎性细胞因子(JCI,113:1664-1675),其中的多种通过JAK进行信号传导(AdvPharmacol.2000;47:113-74)。
相应地,广泛寻求Janus激酶或相关激酶的抑制剂。例如,某些JAK抑制剂包括吡咯并吡啶和吡咯并嘧啶在2006年12月12日提交的美国专利No.11/637,545中有所报道。
因此,抑制激酶例如JAK的新型或改善药剂需要不断地开发新型和更有效的致力于免疫和炎症途径的增加或抑制的药品(例如用于器官抑制的免疫抑制剂)、以及用于预防和治疗自身免疫疾病、涉及过度兴奋炎症应答(例如湿疹),过敏症,癌症(例如前列腺癌,白血病,多发性骨髓瘤)和由其他治疗剂引起的一些免疫反应(例如皮疹或接触性皮炎或痢疾)的疾病的药剂。本文所述的本发明化合物、以及它们的组合物和使用方法涉及这些需要和其他目标。
发明概述
本发明特别提供JAK抑制剂3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明还提供3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明还提供一种药物组合物,包含:3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈或者3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈或它们药学上可接受的盐;和至少一种药学上可接受的载体。
本发明还提供通过向患者施用治疗有效量的3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈或3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈、或它们的药学上可接受的盐来治疗本文命名的多种JAK-相关疾病和疾患中的任一种的方法。
本发明还提供用于治疗的3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈或3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈、或它们药学上可接受的盐。
本发明还提供3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈或3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈、或它们药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗的药物中的用途。
本发明还提供用于局部或透皮施用的组合物,其中所述组合物包含:3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈或3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈、或它们药学上可接受的盐;以及至少一种药学上可接受的载体。
本发明还提供通过局部施用治疗有效量的3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈或3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈、或它们药学上可接受的盐来在患者中治疗自身免疫疾病、癌症、骨髓增生性疾病、炎症、病毒疾病和皮肤病的方法。
本发明还提供制备3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈磷酸盐或3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈磷酸盐的方法。
本发明还提供可用于制备3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈或3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈、或它们的药学上可接受的盐的中间体、制备它们的方法以及含有它们的组合物。
发明详述
特别,本发明提供JAK抑制剂3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈(式I):
或其药学上可接受的盐。
特别,本发明提供JAK抑制剂3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈(式II):
或其药学上可接受的盐。
本文所述化合物可不对称(例如具有一种或多种立体中心)。除非另外指出,否则意欲包括R/S对映体。可将本发明化合物分离为旋光体或外消旋形式。如何从旋光非活性初始原来制备旋光活性形式已为本领域所知,例如通过拆分外消旋混合物,或通过立体选择性合成。在一些实施方案中,式I或II化合物是R对映体,任选地基本上和S对映体分离。在一些实施方案中,式I或II化合物是S对映体,任选地基本上和R对映体分离。
可通过本领域已知多种方法中的任一种对化合物的外消旋混合物进行拆分。方法的实例包括用手性拆分酸(其为具有旋光活性、成盐的有机酸)进行分级重结晶。举例而言,用于分级重结晶法的合适的拆分试剂为旋光活性酸,例如D型和L型的酒石酸、二乙酰基酒石酸、二苯甲酰基酒石酸、扁桃酸、苹果酸、乳酸或各种旋光活性的樟脑磺酸(例如β樟脑磺酸)。
也可通过在装有旋光活性拆分试剂(例如二硝基苯甲酰基苯甘氨酸)的柱上洗脱来进行拆分外消旋混合物。本领域技术人员可决定合适的洗脱溶剂组成。
除非另外指出,否则本文使用术语“化合物”是指包括所示结构的所有立体异构体和同位素。
所有化合物及其药学上可接受的盐可发现联合其他物质,例如水和溶剂(例如水合物和溶剂化物)或可以分离。
在一些实施方案中,本发明化合物或其盐是基本上分离的。“基本上分离”是指化合物至少部分或基本上从环境中分离,在该环境中其形成或被检测到。部分分离可以包括例如富集本发明化合物的组合物。基本上分离可以包括含有至少约50%,至少约60%,至少约70%,至少约80%,至少约90%,至少约95%,至少约97%或至少约99重量%的本发明化合物或其盐的组合物。分离化合物及它们盐的方法是本领域惯常的。
本文所用措词“药学上可接受的”是指在合理医疗判断范围内适于与人类和动物的组织接触、没有过多的毒性、刺激、变态反应或其他问题或并发症且具有相称的合理利益/风险比率的那些化合物、物质、组合物和/或剂型。
如本文使用的,表达“周围温度”和“室温”是本领域理解的,并且通常是指这样的温度,例如反应温度,其是大约其中进行反应的温度,例如约20℃至约30℃的温度。
本发明化合物可以根据下面实施例部分中所述的合成方法来制备。在另外方面,本发明提供制备式III化合物的磷酸盐的方法:
其中R1是H或甲基,包括联合式III化合物和磷酸。在一些实施方案中,联合在有机溶剂(例如醇)存在下在大于约20℃(例如大于约40℃,大于约60℃,大于约80℃或大于约100℃)的温度下进行。在一些实施方案中,联合可以在约60℃下进行。在一些实施方案中,醇可以是甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇或丁醇。在一些实施方案中,醇是异丙醇。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供制备3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈磷酸盐的方法,包括任选地在有机溶剂(例如醇)存在下在大于约20℃(例如高于约40℃,高于约60℃,高于约80℃或高于约100℃)的温度下联合3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈和磷酸。在一些实施方案中,联合可以在约60℃下进行。在一些实施方案中,醇可以是甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇或丁醇。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供制备3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈磷酸盐的方法,包括任选地在有机溶剂(例如醇)存在下在大于约20℃(例如高于约40℃,高于约60℃,高于约80℃或高于约100℃)的温度下联合3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈和磷酸。在一些实施方案中,联合可以在约60℃下进行。在一些实施方案中,醇可以是甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇或丁醇。
本发明还包括本文中所述化合物的药学上可接受的盐。本文中使用的“药学上可接受的盐”是指本公开化合物的衍生物,其中通过将母体化合物已有的酸或碱部分转化为其盐形式而被修饰。药学上可接受的盐的实例包括但不限于碱性残基例如胺的无机或有机酸盐;酸性残基例如羧酸的碱或有机盐等。本发明药学上可接受的盐包括例如由无毒的无机或有机酸形成的母体化合物的常规无毒的盐。可通过常规化学方法,由含有碱性或酸性部分的母体化合物合成本发明药学上可接受的盐。通常,可通过使这些化合物的游离酸或碱形式与化学计量量的合适碱或酸在水或有机溶剂或两者的混合物中反应,制备此类盐;通常,优选非水介质如醚、乙酸乙酯、(例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇或丁醇)或乙腈(ACN)。合适的盐的例举可在Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences,17th ed.,Mack Publishing Company,Easton,Pa.,1985,p.1418和Journal of Pharmaceutical Science,66,2(1977)中找到,各自通过引用全文结合到本文中。
方法
本发明化合物可以调节一种或多种Janus激酶(JAK)的活性。术语“调节”是指增加或减少JAK激酶家族的一种或多种成员的活性的能力。因此,本发明化合物可用于通过使JAK与任何一种或多种本文中所述化合物或组合物接触来调节JAK的方法。在一些实施方案中,本发明化合物可起一种或多种JAK抑制剂的作用。在进一步实施方案中,通过施用调节量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,本发明化合物可用于调节需要调节受体的个体中JAK的活性。
本发明的另外方面涉及通过向需要这种治疗的个体施用治疗有效量或剂量的本发明化合物或其药物组合物来在个体(例如患者)中治疗JAK-相关疾病或疾患的方法。JAK-相关疾病可以包括直接或间接关联JAK的表达或活性(包括过度表达和/或异常活性水平)的任何疾病、疾患或病症。JAK-相关疾病还可以包括可以通过调节JAK活性来预防、改善或治愈的任何疾病、疾患或病症。
JAK-相关疾病的例子包括涉及免疫系统的疾病,包括例如器官移植排斥(例如同种异体移植排斥和移植物抗宿主病)。
JAK-相关疾病的另外例子包括自身免疫疾病,例如多发性硬化,类风湿性关节炎,少年关节炎,银屑病关节炎,I型糖尿病,狼疮,银屑病,炎症性肠病,溃疡性结肠炎,克罗恩氏病,重症肌无力,免疫球蛋白肾病,自身免疫性甲状腺类疾病等。在一些实施方案中,自身免疫疾病是自身免疫性大疱性皮肤病,例如寻常天疱疮(PV)或大疱性类天疱疮(BP)。
JAK-相关疾病的另外例子包括过敏病症,例如哮喘,食物过敏,特应性皮炎和鼻炎。JAK-相关疾病的另外例子包括病毒疾病,例如EB病毒(EBV),肝炎B,肝炎C,HIV,HTLV 1,水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV)和人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)。
JAK-相关疾病或病症的另外例子包括皮肤病,例如银屑病(例如银屑病病),特应性皮炎,皮疹,皮肤刺激,皮肤敏化(例如接触性皮炎或过敏性接触性皮炎)。例如某些物质包括一些药品在局部施用时可引起皮肤敏化。在一些实施方案中,共同施用或依次施用至少一种本发明JAK抑制剂并联合引起不需要的敏化的药剂可以有助于治疗不需要的敏化或皮炎。在一些实施方案中,皮肤病通过局部施用至少一种本发明JAK抑制剂来治疗。
在进一步实施方案中,JAK-相关疾病是癌症,包括下列所表征的那些:实体瘤(例如前列腺癌,肾癌,肝癌,胰腺癌,胃癌,乳腺癌,肺癌,头颈癌,甲状腺癌,恶性胶质瘤,卡波西氏肉瘤,Castleman病,黑素瘤等),血癌(例如淋巴瘤,白血病例如急性淋巴细胞白血病,急性骨髓白血病(AML)或多发性骨髓瘤)和皮肤癌例如皮肤T-细胞淋巴瘤(CTCL)和皮肤B-细胞淋巴瘤。CTCL的例子包括Sezary综合征和蕈样肉芽肿病。
在一些实施方案中,本文所述JAK抑制剂以及其他JAK抑制剂(例如U.S.Ser.No.11/637,545中所报道的那些)可以用于治疗炎症相关癌症。在一些实施方案中,癌症相关于炎症性肠病。在一些实施方案中,炎症性肠病是溃疡性结肠炎。在一些实施方案中,炎症性肠病是克罗恩氏病。在一些实施方案中,炎症相关癌症是结肠炎-相关癌症。在一些实施方案中,炎症相关癌症是结肠癌或结肠直肠癌。在一些实施方案中,癌症是胃癌,胃肠类癌瘤,胃肠间质瘤(GIST),腺癌,小肠癌或直肠癌。
JAK-相关疾病还可包括变异JAK2的表达所表征的那些,例如在伪-激酶结构域(例如JAK2V617F)中具有至少一种突变的那些。
JAK-相关疾病还可包括骨髓增生性疾病(MPD),例如真性红细胞增多症(PV),特发性血小板增多症(ET),骨髓纤维化伴骨髓化生(MMM),原发性骨髓纤维化(PMF),慢性粒细胞白血病(CML),慢性粒单核细胞白血病(CMML),高嗜酸性细胞增多综合症(HES),系统性肥大细胞病(SMCD)等。在一些实施方案中,骨髓增生性疾病是原发性骨髓纤维化(PMF)或后真性红细胞增多症/特发性血小板增多症骨髓纤维化(后-PV/ET MF)。
本发明还提供通过施用含有本发明化合物的局部制剂来治疗银屑病或其他皮肤病的方法。
本发明还提供通过施用本发明化合物来治疗其他药品的皮肤副作用的方法。例如,多种药剂导致不需要的过敏反应,其可表示为痤疮样皮疹或相关皮炎。具有这些不期望的副作用的药剂的例子包括抗癌药物,例如吉非替尼,西妥昔单抗,厄洛替尼等。本发明化合物可联合(例如同时或依次)具有不期望的皮肤副作用的药剂全身或局部(例如定位于皮炎周围)施用。在一些实施方案中,本发明化合物可联合一种或多种药品来局部施用,其中当在不存在本发明化合物局部施用时其他药品会引起接触性皮炎,过敏性接触敏化或类似皮肤病。相应地,本发明组合物包括局部制剂,含有本发明化合物和可以引起皮炎,皮肤病或相关副作用的另外药剂。
进一步JAK-相关疾病包括发炎和炎症。炎症例子包括眼睛炎症(例如虹膜炎,葡萄膜炎,巩膜炎,结膜炎,或相关疾病),呼吸道炎症(例如上呼吸道包括鼻子和鼻窦例如鼻炎和鼻窦炎,或下呼吸道包括支气管炎,慢性阻塞性肺病等),炎性肌病例如心肌炎,和其他炎症。
本文所述JAK抑制剂可进一步用于治疗缺血再灌注损伤、或者和炎症缺血事件相关的疾病或病症例如中风或心跳停止。本文所述JAK抑制剂可进一步用于治疗厌食症,恶病质或疲劳例如源自或相关于癌症的那些。本文所述JAK抑制剂可进一步用于治疗再狭窄,硬皮病或纤维变性。本文所述JAK抑制剂可进一步用于治疗和低氧症或星形胶质细胞聚集有关的病症,例如糖尿病视网膜病,癌症或神经变性。例如参见Dudley,A.C.et al.Biochem.J.2005,390(Pt 2):427-36和Sriram,K.et al.J.Biol.Chem.2004,279(19):19936-47.Epub 2004 Mar 2。本文所述JAK抑制剂可用于治疗Alzheimer氏病。
本文所述JAK抑制剂可进一步用于治疗其他炎症例如全身炎症应答综合征(SIRS)和败血症休克。
本文所述JAK抑制剂可进一步用于治疗痛风和增加的前列腺尺寸,例如由于良性前列腺肥大或良性前列腺增生。
在一些实施方案中,本文所述JAK抑制剂可进一步用于治疗干眼症。如本文使用的,“干眼症”旨在包括Dry Eye Workshop(DEWS)的近期官方报告中概述的疾病状态,其将干眼症定义为“导致不安,视觉障碍和潜在损害视角面的泪液膜不稳定的综合征的眼泪和视角面的多因子疾病。其包括泪液膜的增加的渗透性和视角面的炎症。”Lemp,“The Definition andClassification of Dry Eye Disease:Report of the Definition and ClassificationSubcommittee of the International Dry Eye Workshop”,The Ocular Surface,5(2),75-92 April 2007。在一些实施方案中,干眼症选自水液性泪腺分泌不足性干眼(ADDE)或蒸发干眼症或其合适的组合。
在进一步方面,本发明提供在需要其的患者中治疗下列疾病的方法:结膜炎,葡萄膜炎(包括慢性葡萄膜炎),青光眼,视网膜炎,睫状体炎,巩膜炎,表层巩膜炎或虹膜炎;治疗和角膜移植相关的炎症或疼痛,LASIK(激光辅助的原位屈光性角膜移植术),准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术或LASEK(激光辅助的表皮下屈光性角膜移植术);和抑制角膜移植相关的视觉敏锐度的损失,LASIK,准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术或LASEK;或抑制抑制排斥,包括向患者施用治疗有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
另外,本发明化合物以及其他JAK抑制剂(例如U.S.Ser.No.11/637,545中报道的那些)可用于治疗和病毒感染有关的呼吸障碍或不足,例如流感和SARS。
在另外方面,本发明提供本发明化合物或盐用于本文所述的一种治疗方法。在进一步方面,本发明提供本发明化合物或盐用于制备药物,该药物用于本文所述的一种治疗方法。
如本文使用的,术语“接触”是指使体外系统或体内系统中的指定部分集合在一起。例如,使JAK与本发明化合物“接触”包括给予具有JAK的个体或患者(例如人)本发明化合物;和例如将本发明化合物加入含有细胞制备物或纯化制备物(含有JAK)的样品中。
如本文使用的,术语“个体”或“患者”可互换使用,指包括哺乳动物在内的任何动物,优选小鼠、大鼠、其他啮齿类动物、兔、狗、猫、猪、牛、羊、马或灵长类动物,最优选人。
如本文使用的,措词“治疗有效量”是指研究人员、兽医、医师或其他临床人员正在寻找的,引起组织、系统、动物、个体或人生物学或医学反应的活性化合物或药剂的量。
如本文使用的,术语“治疗”(“treating”或“treatment”)是指下列一种或多种:(1)预防疾病,例如预防可能易感染疾病、病症或紊乱,但尚未经历或出现该疾病病理状态或症状的个体的疾病、病症或紊乱;(2)抑制疾病,例如抑制正经历或出现该疾病、病症或紊乱的病理状态或症状的个体的疾病、病症或紊乱(即阻止病理状态和/或症状的进一步发展);和(3)缓解疾病,例如缓解正经历或出现该疾病、病症或紊乱的病理状态或症状的个体的疾病、病症或紊乱(即逆转病理状态和/或症状),例如降低疾病严重性。
联合疗法
一种或多种另外药剂例如化疗剂,消炎剂,类固醇,免疫抑制剂以及Bcr-Abl,Flt-3,RAF和FAK集美抑制剂(例如WO 2006/056399中所述那些)或其他药剂可以联合本发明化合物使用以治疗JAK-相关疾病,疾患或病症。一种或多种另外药剂可同时或依次施用至患者。
化疗剂例子包括蛋白体抑制剂(例如硼替佐米),萨立多胺,revlimid和DNA-损害剂例如苯丙氨酸氮芥,阿霉素,环磷酰胺,长春新碱,鬼臼亚乙苷,亚硝脲氮芥等。
类固醇例子包括羟皮质类固醇例如地塞米松或强的松。
Bcr-Abl抑制剂例子包括U.S.Pat.No.5,521,184,WO 04/005281,EP2005/009967,EP2005/010408和U.S.Ser.No.60/578,491中公开的属和种的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐。
合适的Flt-3抑制剂例子包括WO 03/037347,WO 03/099771和WO04/046120中公开的化合物及它们药学上可接受的盐。
合适的RAF抑制剂例子包括WO 00/09495和WO 05/028444中公开的化合物及它们药学上可接受的盐。
合适的FAK抑制剂的例子包括WO 04/080980,WO 04/056786,WO03/024967,WO 01/064655,WO 00/053595和WO 01/014402中公开的化合物及它们药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中,本发明化合物可联用一种或多种其他激酶抑制剂,包括伊马替尼,特别用于治疗耐伊马替尼或其他激酶抑制剂的患者。
在一些实施方案中,本发明化合物可联用化疗剂来治疗癌症,例如多发性骨髓瘤,并且可改善相对于单独化疗剂的反应的治疗反应,而没有加重其毒性作用。用于治疗多发性骨髓瘤的另外药剂的例子例如可以包括但不限于苯丙氨酸氮芥,苯丙氨酸氮芥和强的松[MP],阿霉素,地塞米松,以及Velcade(硼替佐米)。用于治疗多发性骨髓瘤的进一步另外药剂包括Bcr-Abl,Flt-3,RAF和FAK激酶抑制剂。添加或协同效果是联合本发明JAK抑制剂和另外药剂的期望结果。而且,多发性骨髓瘤细胞对药剂例如地塞米松的耐性可以在使用本发明JAK抑制剂治疗时逆转。药剂可以以单或连续剂型的方式来联合本发明的化合物,或者药剂可以作为单独剂型同时或依次施用。
在一些实施方案中,皮质类固醇例如地塞米松联合本发明化合物施用至患者,其中地塞米松相对于连续而间歇地施用。
在一些进一步实施方案中,本发明化合物联合其他治疗剂可以在骨髓移植或干细胞移植之前、过程中和/或之后施用至患者。
药物制剂和剂型
当用作药物时,可按药物组合物的形式给予本发明化合物。可按照药剂领域中熟知的方法制备这些组合物,且可通过多种途径给予它们,这些途径取决于需要局部还是全身治疗和欲治疗的区域。可通过局部(包括透皮、表皮、眼和包括鼻内、阴道和直肠递药在内的粘膜给药)、肺(例如通过吸入或吹入粉末或气雾剂,包括通过喷雾器;气管内或鼻内)、口腔或肠胃外给药。肠胃外给药包括静脉内、动脉内、皮下、腹膜内或肌内注射或输注;或颅内例如鞘内或心室内给药。肠胃外给药可以是单次大剂型,或可通过例如连续输注泵给药。局部给药的药物组合物和制剂可包括透皮贴剂、油膏、洗剂、霜剂、凝胶、滴剂、栓剂、喷雾剂、液体和粉末。可必须使用或需要常规药用载体、水、粉末或油基质、增稠剂等。包衣安全套、手套等也可是有用的。
本发明还包括药物组合物,该组合物含有用作活性成分的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和与其混合的一种或多种药学上可接受的载体(赋形剂)。在一些实施方案中,组合物适于局部施用。在制备本发明组合物中,通常使活性成分与赋型剂混合,通过赋型剂稀释,或装入例如胶囊、小药囊、纸或其他容器形式的此类载体中。当赋型剂用作稀释剂时,它可以是固体、半固体或液体物质,其作用是作为活性成分的媒介物、载体或介质。因此,所述组合物可以为片剂、丸剂、散剂、锭剂、小药囊、扁囊剂、酏剂、混悬剂、乳剂、溶液剂、糖浆、气雾剂(固体或在液体介质中)、含例如高达10%重量活性化合物的油膏、软和硬明胶胶囊剂、栓剂、无菌注射液和无菌包装粉末。
在制备制剂中,可在与其他成分混合前,将活性化合物粉碎,以提供合适粒径。如果活性化合物基本上不溶,可将它粉碎为粒径小于200目。如果活性化合物基本上溶于水,可通过粉碎调节粒径例如约40目,以提供在制剂中基本上均匀分布。
本发明化合物可使用已知的粉碎方法(例如湿法粉碎)来粉碎,以获得适用于片剂和其他剂型的粒径。本发明的化合物的细粉(纳米颗粒)制剂可以通过本领域已知的方法来制备,例如参见国际申请No.WO2002/000196。
合适的赋型剂的某些实例包括乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、磷酸钙、藻酸盐、黄蓍胶、明胶、硅酸钙、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素、水、糖浆和甲基纤维素。制剂还可包含:润滑剂例如滑石粉、硬脂酸镁和矿物油;湿润剂;乳化和悬浮剂;防腐剂例如苯甲酸甲酯和尼伯金丙酯;甜味剂;和矫味剂。可用本领域中已知方法,配制给予患者后可提供快速、缓慢和延迟释放活性成分的本发明组合物。
可按单位剂型配制组合物,每一剂量含约5至约1000mg(1g)、更通常约100至约500mg的活性成分。术语“单位剂型”是指作为适用于人患者和其他哺乳动物的单元剂量的物理上分离的单位,每一单位含有经计算可产生所需疗效的预定量的活性物质和与其混合的合适的药用赋型剂。
活性化合物可在很大剂量范围中有效,通常按药物有效量给药。但应理解,实际给予化合物的量通常由医师根据相关情况决定,包括所治疗的病症、选择的给药途径、给予的实际化合物、个体患者的年龄、重量和反应、患者症状的严重性等。
对于制备固体组合物例如片剂,使主要的活性成分与药用赋型剂混合,形成含有本发明化合物的均匀混合物的预制剂固体组合物。当这些预制剂组合物被称为均匀时,活性成分通常均匀地分散在整个组合物中,便于可容易地将该组合物细分为同等有效的单位剂型,例如片剂、丸剂和胶囊剂。然后将该固体预制剂细分为含例如约0.1至约1000mg的本发明活性成分的上述类型的单位剂型。
可将本发明的片剂或丸剂包衣或配混,以便得到提供长效作用优点的剂型。例如,片剂或丸剂可含有内层剂量和外层剂量组分,后者以被膜的形式附在前者的表面。这两种组分可被肠溶层隔离,肠溶层用于阻止胃中崩解和让内层组分完整无缺地通过并进入十二指肠,或延迟内层组分释放。多种物质可用作此类肠溶层或包衣剂,此类物质包括多种高分子酸和高分子酸与此类物质例如虫胶、十六醇和醋酸纤维素的混合物。
其中可掺入本发明化合物和组合物用于口服或注射给药的液体形式包括水溶液、适当矫味的糖浆、水或油混悬液和用食用油例如棉子油、芝麻油、椰子油或花生油矫味的乳液;酏剂和类似的药用媒介物。
吸入或吹入用组合物包括在药学上可接受的水和有机溶剂或其混合物中的溶液和混悬液、及粉末。该液体或固体组合物可含有上述合适的药学上可接受的赋型剂。在某些实施方案中,通过可产生全身或局部作用的口服或鼻呼吸途径给予所述组合物。可通过使用惰性气体将组合物雾化。可直接从喷雾装置或可与面罩帐(tent)连接的喷雾装置或间歇式正压呼吸机吸入雾化液。可口服或由按适当方式递送制剂的装置通过鼻腔给予溶液、混悬液或粉末组合物。
局部制剂可含有一种或多种常规载体。在一些实施方案中,油膏可含有水和一种或多种疏水性载体,该载体选自例如液体石蜡、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、丙二醇、白凡士林等。霜剂的载体组合物可基于联合甘油和一种或多种其他组分的水,例如单硬脂酸甘油酯,PEG-单硬脂酸甘油酯和十六十八醇。凝胶剂可以使用异丙醇和水并且合适地联合其他组分来配制,例如甘油、羟乙基纤维素等。在一些实施方案中,局部制剂含有至少约0.1,至少约0.25,至少约0.5,至少约1,至少约2或至少约5wt%的本发明化合物。局部制剂可合适地包装到管(例如100g)中,其任选地相关于治疗选择指示(例如银屑病或其他皮肤病症)的说明书。
本发明还提供用于局部皮肤施用的药物制剂,包含治疗有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中,药物制剂包含:
水包油乳剂;和
治疗有效量的本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中,乳剂包含水、油组分和乳化剂组分。
如本文使用的,在一个方面,术语“乳化剂组分”是指保持元素或颗粒在流体介质中为混悬状态的物质或物质混合物。在一些实施方案中,在联合水时,乳化剂组分允许油相以形成乳剂。在一些实施方案中,乳化剂组分是指一种或多种非离子表面活性剂。
在一些实施方案中,油组分的存在量为制剂的约10%至约40重量%。
在一些实施方案中,油组分包括独立地选自凡士林,脂肪醇,矿物油,甘油三酯和硅油的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,油组分包括独立地选自白凡士林,十六醇,十八醇,轻质矿物油,中链甘油三酯和二甲基硅油的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,油组分包括闭塞剂组分。
在一些实施方案中,闭塞剂组分存在量为制剂的约2%至约15重量%。
如本文使用的,术语“闭塞剂组分”是指疏水性试剂或疏水性试剂混合物,其在皮肤上形成闭塞膜,该闭塞膜通过抑制水分从角质层从蒸发而减少透皮水分损失(TEWL)。
在一些实施方案中,闭塞剂组分包括选自脂肪酸(例如羊毛脂酸),脂肪醇(例如羊毛脂醇),烃油&蜡(例如凡士林),多元醇(例如丙二醇),硅酮(例如二甲基硅油),固醇(例如胆固醇),植物或动物脂肪(例如可可油),植物蜡(例如巴西棕榈蜡)和蜡酯(例如蜂蜡)的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,闭塞剂组分包括选自羊毛脂酸脂肪醇,羊毛脂醇,凡士林,丙二醇,二甲基硅油,胆固醇,可可油,巴西棕榈蜡和蜂蜡的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,闭塞剂组分包括凡士林。
在一些实施方案中,闭塞剂组分包括白凡士林。
在一些实施方案中,油组分包括硬化剂组分。
在一些实施方案中,硬化剂组分存在量为制剂的约2%至约8重量%。
如本文使用的,术语“硬化剂组分”是指增加制剂粘度和/或稠度或改善制剂流变学的物质或物质混合物。
在一些实施方案中,硬化剂组分包括独立选自脂肪醇的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,硬化剂组分包括独立选自C12-20脂肪醇的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,硬化剂组分包括独立选自C16-18脂肪醇的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,硬化剂组分包括独立选自十六醇和十八醇的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,油组分包括软化剂组分。
在一些实施方案中,软化剂组分存在量为制剂的约5%至约15重量%。
如本文使用的,术语“软化剂组分”指软化或缓和皮肤或缓和刺激的内表面的物质。
在一些实施方案中,软化剂组分包括独立选自矿物油和甘油三酯的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,软化剂组分包括独立选自轻质矿物油和中链甘油三酯的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,软化剂组分包括独立选自轻质矿物油、中链甘油三酯和二甲基硅油的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,水的存在量为直接的约35%至约65重量%。
在一些实施方案中,乳化剂组分存在量为制剂的约1%至约9重量%。
在一些实施方案中,乳化剂组分包括独立选自甘油脂肪酸酯和失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,乳化剂组分包括独立选自硬脂酸甘油酯和聚山梨醇酯20的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,药物制剂还包含稳定剂组分。
在一些实施方案中,稳定剂组分存在量为制剂约0.05%至约5重量%。
如本文使用的,术语“稳定剂组分”指提高药物制剂稳定剂和/或制剂组分相容性的物质或物质混合物。在一些实施方案中,稳定剂组分防止乳液团聚并稳定水包油乳液中的液滴。
在一些实施方案中,稳定剂组分包括独立选自多糖的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,稳定剂组分包括黄原胶。
在一些实施方案中,药物制剂还包含溶剂组分。
在一些实施方案中,溶剂组分存在量为直接的约10%至约35重量%。
如本文使用的,术语“溶剂组分”是能够溶解制剂中的本发明化合物或其他物质的液体物质或液体物质混合物。在一些实施方案中,溶剂组分是这样的液体物质或液体物质混合物,其中本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐具有合理的溶解度。
在一些实施方案中,溶剂组分包括独立地选自亚烷基二醇和聚亚烷基二醇的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,溶剂组分包括独立地选自丙二醇和聚乙二醇的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,基于游离碱,本发明的化合物存在量为制剂的约0.5%至约2.0重量%。
在一些实施方案中,基于游离碱,本发明的化合物存在量为制剂的约0.5重量%。
在一些实施方案中,基于游离碱,本发明的化合物存在量为制剂的约1重量%。
在一些实施方案中,基于游离碱,本发明的化合物存在量为制剂的约1.5重量%。
在一些实施方案中,基于游离碱,本发明的化合物存在量选自为制剂的约0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,09,1.0,1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,1.6,1.7,1.8,1.9和2.0重量%。
在一些实施方案中,药物制剂包含:水;油组分;乳化剂组分;溶剂组分;稳定剂组分;和基于游离碱为制剂的约0.5重量%至约2.0重量%的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中,药物制剂包含:
制剂的约35重量%至约65重量%的水;
制剂的约10重量%至约40重量%的油组分;
制剂的约1重量%至约9重量%的乳化剂组分;
制剂的约10重量%至约35重量%的溶剂组分;
制剂的约0.05重量%至约5重量%的稳定剂组分;以及
基于游离碱制剂的约0.5重量%至约2.0重量%的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中:
油组分包括独立地选自凡士林,脂肪醇,矿物油,甘油三酯和二甲基硅油的一种或多种物质;
乳化剂组分包括独立地选自甘油脂肪酸酯和失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯的一种或多种物质;
溶剂组分包括独立地选自亚烷基二醇和聚亚烷基二醇的一种或多种物质;以及
稳定剂组分包括独立地选自多糖的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中:
油组分包括独立地选自白凡士林,十六醇,十八醇,轻质矿物油,中链甘油三酯和二甲基硅油的一种或多种物质;
乳化剂组分包括独立地选自硬脂酸甘油酯和聚山梨醇酯20的一种或多种物质;
溶剂组分包括独立地选自丙二醇和聚乙二醇的一种或多种物质;以及
稳定剂组分包括黄原胶。
在一些实施方案中,药物制剂包含:
制剂的约35重量%至约65重量%的水;
制剂的约2重量%至约15重量%的闭塞剂组分;
制剂的约2重量%至约8重量%的硬化剂组分;
制剂的约5重量%至约15重量%的软化剂组分;
制剂的约1重量%至约9重量%的乳化剂组分;
制剂的约0.05重量%至约5重量%的稳定剂组分;
制剂的约10重量%至约35重量%的溶剂组分;以及
基于游离碱制剂的约0.5重量%至约2.0重量%的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中:
闭塞剂组分包括凡士林;
硬化剂组分包括独立地选自一种或多种脂肪醇的一种或多种物质;
软化剂组分包括独立地选自矿物油和甘油三酯的一种或多种物质;
乳化剂组分包括独立地选自甘油脂肪酸酯和失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯的一种或多种物质;
稳定剂组分包括独立地选自多糖的一种或多种物质;以及
溶剂组分包括独立地选自亚烷基二醇和聚亚烷基二醇的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中:
闭塞剂组分包括白凡士林;
硬化剂组分包括独立地选自十六醇和十八醇的一种或多种物质;
软化剂组分包括独立地选自轻质矿物油,中链甘油三酯和二甲基硅油的一种或多种物质;
乳化剂组分包括独立地选自硬脂酸甘油酯和聚山梨醇酯20的一种或多种物质;
稳定剂组分包括黄原胶;以及
溶剂组分包括独立地选自丙二醇和聚乙二醇的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,药物制剂还包含抗微生物剂组分。
在一些实施方案中,抗微生物剂组分存在量为制剂的约0.05%至约3重量%。
如本文使用的,措词“抗微生物剂组分”抑制制剂中微生物生长的物质或物质混合物。
在一些实施方案中,抗微生物剂组分包括独立地选自对羟基苯甲酸烷基酯和苯氧乙醇的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,抗微生物剂组分包括独立地选自对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,对羟基苯甲酸丙酯和苯氧乙醇的一种或多种物质。
在一些实施方案中,药物制剂还包含螯合剂组分。
如本文使用的,措词“螯合剂组分”指有能力强结合金属离子的化合物或化合物混合物。
在一些实施方案中,螯合剂组分包括依地酸二钠。
如本文使用的,“制剂重量%”表示制剂中组分的百分比浓度是基于重量/重量。例如,组分A的1%w/w=[(组分A质量)/(制剂总质量)]x 100。
如本文使用的,“本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐”“基于游离碱的制剂重量%”表示%w/w是基于总制剂中本发明的化合物的游离碱的重量来计算的。
在一些实施方案中,组分以精确固定的范围存在(例如,术语“约”不存在)。在一些实施方案中,“约”表示值±10%。
如将要理解的,本文描述的药物制剂的一些组分可以具有多种功能。例如,给定物质可以用作乳化剂组分和稳定剂。在一些此类情况下,给定组分的功能可以被认为是单一的,即使其性质可以允许多种功能性。在一些实施方案中,制剂的每个组分包括不同物质或物质混合物。
本文使用的术语“组分”可以表示一种物质或物质混合物。
本文使用的术语“脂肪酸”指饱和或不饱和的脂肪族酸。在一些实施方案中,脂肪酸是不同脂肪酸的混合物。在一些实施方案中,脂肪酸具有平均约8至约30个碳。在一些实施方案中,脂肪酸具有平均约12至20、14-20或16-18个碳。适合的脂肪酸包括但不限于鲸蜡酸、硬脂酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、芥酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、癸酸、辛酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、羟硬脂酸、12-羟硬脂酸、鲸蜡硬脂酸、异硬脂酸、倍半油酸、倍半-9-十八烷酸、倍半异十八烷酸、山嵛酸、异山嵛酸和花生四烯酸或其混合物。
本文使用的术语“脂肪醇”指饱和或不饱和的脂肪族醇。在一些实施方案中,脂肪醇是不同脂肪醇的混合物。在一些实施方案中,脂肪醇具有平均约12至约20、约14至约20或约16至约18个碳。适合的脂肪醇包括但不限于硬脂醇、月桂醇、棕榈醇、鲸蜡醇、辛醇、辛酰醇、油醇、亚麻醇、花生四烯醇、山嵛醇、异山嵛醇、鲨油醇、鲛肝醇和亚油醇或其混合物。
本文使用的术语“聚亚烷基二醇”单独使用或与其他术语组合使用,指含有氧化烯烃单体单元的聚合物,或者不同氧化烯烃单体单元的共聚物,其中烯烃基团具有2至6、2至4、或2至3个碳原子。本文使用的术语“氧化亚烷基”单独或与其他术语组合使用,指式-O-亚烷基-的基团。在一些实施方案中,聚亚烷基二醇是聚乙二醇。
本文使用的术语“失水山梨糖醇脂肪酯”包括衍生自失水山梨糖醇或山梨糖醇和脂肪酸和任选的聚(乙二醇)单元的产物,包括失水山梨糖醇酯和聚乙氧基化失水山梨糖醇酯。在一些实施方案中,失水山梨糖醇脂肪酯是聚乙氧基化失水山梨糖醇酯。
本文使用的术语“失水山梨糖醇酯”指衍生自山梨糖醇和至少一种脂肪酸的酯化的化合物或化合物的混合物。用于衍生失水山梨糖醇酯的脂肪酸包括但不限于本文描述的那些。适合的失水山梨糖醇酯包括但不限于SpanTM系列(可获自Uniqema),其包括Span 20(失水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯)、40(失水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯)、60(失水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯)、65(失水山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯)、80(失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯)和85(失水山梨糖醇三油酸酯)。其他适合的失水山梨糖醇酯包括R.C.Rowe and P.J.Shesky,Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients,(2006),5th ed.中所列那些,在此通过引用整体并入。
本文使用的术语“聚乙氧基化失水山梨糖醇酯”指衍生自失水山梨糖醇酯乙氧基化的化合物或其混合物。化合物的聚氧乙烯部分可以在脂肪酯和失水山梨糖醇部分之间。本文使用的术语“失水山梨糖醇酯”指衍生自山梨糖醇和至少一种脂肪酸的酯化的化合物或化合物的混合物。用于衍生聚乙氧基化失水山梨糖醇酯的脂肪酸包括但不限于本文描述的那些。在一些实施方案中,化合物或混合物的聚氧乙烯部分具有约2至约200个氧乙烯单元。在一些实施方案中,化合物或混合物的聚氧乙烯部分具有约2至约100个氧乙烯单元。在一些实施方案中,化合物或混合物的聚氧乙烯部分具有约4至约80个氧乙烯单元。在一些实施方案中,化合物或混合物的聚氧乙烯部分具有约4至约40个氧乙烯单元。在一些实施方案中,化合物或混合物的聚氧乙烯部分具有约4至约20个氧乙烯单元。适合的聚氧乙基化失水山梨糖醇酯包括但不限于TweenTM系列(可获自Uniqema),其包括Tween 20(POE(20)失水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯)、21(POE(4)失水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯)、40(POE(20)失水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯)、60(POE(20)失水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯)、60K(POE(20)失水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯)、61(POE(4)失水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯)、65(POE(20)失水山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯)、80(POE(20)失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯)、80K(POE(20)失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯)、81(POE(5)失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯)和85(POE(20)失水山梨糖醇三油酸酯)。本文使用的缩写“POE”指聚氧乙烯。POE缩写后的数字指化合物中氧乙烯重复单元数目。其他适合的聚氧乙基化失水山梨糖醇酯包括R.C.Rowe and P.J.Shesky,Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients,(2006),5th ed.中所列的聚氧乙烯失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,其在此通过引用整体并入。在一些实施方案中,聚氧乙基化失水山梨糖醇酯是聚山梨酯。在一些实施方案中,聚氧乙基化失水山梨糖醇酯是聚山梨酯20。
本文使用的术语“甘油脂肪酸酯”指脂肪酸甘油单酯、甘油二酯或甘油三酯。甘油脂肪酸酯可以任选地用硫酸基团或其药学上可接受的盐取代。适合衍生脂肪酸的甘油酯的脂肪酸包括但不限于本文描述的那些。在一些实施方案中,甘油脂肪酸酯是具有12至18个碳原子的脂肪酸的单甘油酯。在一些实施方案中,甘油脂肪酸酯是硬脂酸甘油酯。
本文使用的术语“甘油三酯”指脂肪酸的三甘油酯。在一些实施方案中,三甘油酯是中链甘油三酯。
本文使用的术语“亚烷基二醇”指式-O-亚烷基-基团,其中烯烃基团具有2至6、2至4、或2至3个碳原子。在一些实施方案中,亚烷基二醇是丙二醇(1,2-丙二醇)。
本文使用的术语“聚乙二醇”指含有式-O-CH2-CH2-的乙二醇单体的聚合物。适合的聚乙二醇可以在聚合物分子每个末端具有自由羟基,或者可以具有一个或多个被低级烷基例如甲基醚化的羟基。具有可酯化羧基的聚乙二醇衍生物也是适合的。用于本发明的聚乙二醇可以是具有任何链长或分子量的聚合物,并且可以包括分支。在一些实施方案中,聚乙二醇的平均分子量是约200至约9000。在一些实施方案中,聚乙二醇的平均分子量是约200至约5000。在一些实施方案中,聚乙二醇的平均分子量是约200至约900。在一些实施方案中,聚乙二醇的平均分子量是约400。合适的聚乙二醇包括但不限于聚乙二醇-200,聚乙二醇-300,聚乙二醇-400,聚乙二醇-600和聚乙二醇-900。名称中短划线后面的数字指聚合物的平均分子量。
水包油霜剂制剂可以使用顶空式混合器和高与低剪切混合浆来进行合成。例如,在一些实施方案中,制剂可以通过下列工序来进行合成:
1.抗微生物剂相可以通过使至少一部分抗微生物剂组分和一部分溶剂组分混合来制备。
2.然后,稳定剂相通过使稳定剂组分混合一部分溶剂组分来制备。
3.然后油相通过混合软化剂组分、乳化剂组分、闭塞剂组分和硬化剂组分来制备。将油相加热至70-80℃以熔融并形成均匀混合物。
4.然后水相通过混合纯净水、剩余溶剂组分和螯合剂组分来制备。将该相加热至70-80℃。
5.将步骤4的水相、步骤1的抗微生物剂相、和本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐联合以形成混合物。
6.然后将步骤2的稳定剂相加入步骤5的混合物中。
7.然后将步骤3的油相和步骤6的混合物在高剪切混合下联合,以形成乳剂。
8.最后,另外抗微生物剂组分可以加入步骤7的乳剂中。继续混合,然后将产物在低剪切混合下冷却。
给予患者的化合物或组合物的量可不同,它取决于给药的对象、给药的目的例如预防或治疗、患者的状态、给药的方式等。在治疗应用中,可给予已患有疾病的患者足以治愈或至少部分抑制该疾病的症状及其并发症的量的组合物。有效剂量要取决于所治疗的疾病状况;和主治医师根据例如该疾病的严重性、患者的年龄、重量和一般状态等因素所作的判断。
给予患者的组合物可以是上述药物组合物形式。可通过常规消毒技术将这些组合物灭菌或无菌过滤。可将水溶液包装在用于原样使用的包装容器中,或将它冻干,临用前使该冻千制剂与无菌水载体结合。所述化合物制剂的pH通常为3-11,更优选5-9,最优选7-8。应理解,使用某些前述赋型剂、载体或稳定剂可导致形成药用盐。
本发明化合物的治疗剂量可根据例如进行治疗的具体用法、给予化合物的方式、患者的健康和病症、签处方医师判断而定。本发明化合物在药物组合物的比例或浓度可依多种因素而异,它们包括剂量、化学特性(例如疏水性)和给药途径。例如,可通过含约0.1至约10%w/v的化合物的用于肠胃外给药的生理缓冲水溶液给予本发明化合物。某些典型的剂量范围为约1μg/kg至约1g/kg体重/日。在某些实施方案中,剂量范围为约0.01mg/kg至约100mg/kg体重/日。该剂量很可能取决于此类变量,如具体患者的疾病或病症的种类和进展的程度、总体健康状况、所选择的化合物的相对生物效力、赋型剂的组成及其给药途径。可由通过体外或动物模型试验系统得到的剂量-反应曲线推断有效剂量。
本发明组合物还可包含一种或多种其他药剂,例如上面举例列出的化疗剂、类固醇、消炎化合物或免疫抑制剂。。
标记化合物和测定方法
本发明的另一方面涉及本发明的标记化合物(放射标记、荧光标记等),它们不仅可用于成像技术而且可用于体内外测定;用于定位和定量组织样品包括人中的JAK;以及通过抑制标记化合物的结合用于鉴定JAK配体。相应地,本发明包括含有此类标记化合物的JAK测定。
本发明还包括同位素标记的本发明化合物。“同位素”或“放射性标记”化合物这样的本发明化合物,其中:一个或多个原子被具有不同于通常在自然界中发现的(即天然存在的)原子质量或质量数的原子质量或质量数的原子置换或取代。可引入本发明化合物中的合适的放射性核包括但不限于2H(又写为D,代表氘)、3H(又写为T,代表氚)、11C、13C、14C、13N、15N、15O、17O、18O、18F、35S、36Cl、82Br、75Br、76Br、77Br、123I、124I、125I和131I。引入本发明放射性标记化合物的放射性核取决于该放射性标记化合物的专门用途。例如,对于体外JAK标记和竞争测定,引入3H、14C、82Br、125I、131I、35S的化合物通常最有效。对于放射性成像应用,11C、18F、125I、123I、124I、131I、75Br、76Br或77Br通常最有效。
应该理解,“放射性标记”或“标记化合物”是引入至少一种放射性核的化合物。在一些实施方案中,放射性核选自3H、14C、125I、35S和82Br。
本发明还可包括用于将放射性同位素引入本发明化合物的合成方法。将放射性同位素引入有机化合物的合成方法是本领域熟知的,并且本领域技术人员容易认识到适用于本发明化合物的方法。
本发明放射性标记化合物可用于筛选测定,以鉴定/评价化合物。例如,可评价新合成或鉴定的化合物(即试验化合物)(其是标记的)通过下列方式来结合JAK的能力:当接触JAK时,经过追踪标记,监控其浓度变化。例如试验化合物(标记的)可评价其降低和另外化合物(其是已知的)的结合以结合JAK(即标准化合物)的能力。相应地,试验化合物和标准化合物竞争结合JAK的能力直接相关于其结合亲和性。相反,在一些其他筛选测定中,标准化合物被标记并且试验化合物未标记。相应地,标记的标准化合物的浓度被监控以评价标准化合物和试验化合物之间的竞争性,并且因此确定试验化合物的相对结合亲和性。
药剂盒
本发明还包括用于例如治疗或预防与JAK有关的疾病或病症(例如癌症)的药剂盒,这种药剂盒包括一个或多个含药物组合物的容器,所述药物组合物含有治疗有效量的本发明化合物。如果需要,此类药剂盒还可包括一个或多个各种常规药剂盒组件,例如含有一种或多种药学上可接受的载体的容器、本领域技术人员显而易见的其他容器等。也可将用作插页或标签的指明给予成分的量、用药指南和/或将成分混合的指南的说明书包括在药剂盒中。
通过具体的实施例更详细地说明本发明。为说明目的提供以下实施例,它们不应以任何方式限制本发明。本领域技术人员应容易认识到,可改变或修改多种非关键性参数,得到基本上相同的结果。
实施例
实施例1.3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈磷酸盐
步骤1:辛-2-烯腈
在0℃下向1.0M的叔丁醇钾在四氢呋喃(165mL,0.165mol)的溶液中滴加二乙基氰基甲基膦酸酯(27mL,0.17mol)在四氢呋喃(100mL)中的溶液。使反应加热至室温,然后在搅拌30min后再次冷却至0℃。向反应混合物中加入己醛(18mL,0.15mol)在四氢呋喃(150mL)中的溶液。使反应搅拌过夜,并允许加热至室温。使用水将反应猝灭并且使用乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)来萃取。将合并的有机层使用盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,浓缩,并且在硅胶(使用在己烷中的0至15%的EtOAc进行洗脱)上洗脱以得到作为顺式和反式异构体的混合物的期望产物(~17g,92%)。MS计算值C8H14N(M+H)+:m/z=124.113;测定值:124.3.
步骤2:3-[4-(7-{[2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基]甲基}-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈
将4-(1H-吡唑-4-基)-7-{[2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基]甲基}-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶(基本上如U.S.Pat.App.Pub.No.2007/0135461或国际申请No.PCT/US2006/047369的实施例65中所述制备(公开为WO 2007/070514);12g,0.038mol),辛-2-烯腈(6.0g,0.049mol)和1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯(DBU,4.6mL,0.030mol)在乙腈(120mL,2.3mol)中的混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。在真空浓缩后,将所得残渣在硅胶(使用在己烷中0至40%的EtOAc洗脱)上纯化以得到期望产物(15g,89.89%)。将对映异构体(第一峰保留时间11.02min,第二峰保留时间14.10min)在ChiralCel OD-H柱(30×250mm,5μM)上分离,并且使用15%乙醇和85%己烷的流动相以25mL/min进行洗脱。MS计算值C23H35N6OSi(M+H)+:m/z=439.264;测定值:439.4.1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.91(1H,s),8.38(1H,s),8.37(1H,s),7.46(1H,d,J=3.8Hz),6.86(1H,d,J=3.8Hz),5.73(2H,s),4.59(1H,m),3.60(2H,t,J=8.3Hz),3.06(2H,td,J=16.8 and 7.5Hz),2.21(1H,m),2.01(1H,m),1.40-1.21(6H,m),0.98(2H,t,J=8.3Hz),0.91(3H,t,J=6.3Hz),0.00(9H,s)ppm.
步骤3:3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈
向3-[4-(7-{[2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基]甲基}-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈(13g,0.030mol)(峰2,来自步骤2中的手性分离)在乙腈(200.0mL,3.829mol)和水(16.0mL,0.888mol,~8%乙腈/水)的溶液中加入四氟硼酸锂(28.4g,0.297mol)。将反应在100℃下回流过夜。使混合物冷却,将在室温下在5分钟期间内滴加在水(17mL,0.12mol)中的7.2M的氢氧化铵,调节pH至9-10,同时搅拌2h。通过过滤除去固体,并且将滤液用乙腈、水和MeOH稀释,以通过制备LCMS(XBridge C18柱,使用含有0.15%NH4OH的乙腈/水进行梯度洗脱)纯化,从而得到期望产物(5.9g,64%).MS计算值C17H21N6(M+H)+:m/z=309.183;测定值:309.3.1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-D6)δ12.10(1H,s),8.78(1H,s),8.66(1H,s),8.36(1H,s),7.58(1H,m),6.97(1H,m),4.71(1H,m),3.18(1H,m),3.16(1H,br s),1.93(1H,m),1.81(1H,m),1.19(5H,m),0.97(1H,m),0.78(3H,t,J=6.3Hz)ppm.
步骤4.3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈磷酸盐
向3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈(来自步骤3,4.50g,0.0146mol)在异丙醇(80mL,1mol)的溶液中加入磷酸(1.43g,0.0146mol)在异丙醇(5.0mL)中的混合物,同时使溶液保持在60℃。磷酸盐析出。继续加热,但不影响溶解。在冷却至室温后,使磷酸盐滤掉,风干,然后使用一些二乙基醚来冲洗,并且风干。MS计算碱值C17H21N6(M+H)+:m/z=309.183;测定值:309.3.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.10(1H,s),8.79(1H,s),8.66(1H,s),8.36(1H,s),7.58(1H,d,J=3.6Hz),6.97(1H,d,J=3.6Hz),4.71(1H,m),3.17(2H,m),1.94(1H,m),1.81(1H,m),1.18(5H,m),0.97(1H,m),0.78(3H,t,J=6.8Hz).产物通过在反相HPLC柱上进行三种不同运行而证实99.9%纯度,并且通过在手性HPLC柱上进行六种不同运行而具有过量99.7%对映异构体。
实施例2.3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈磷酸盐
步骤1.庚-2-烯腈
在0℃下向1.00M的叔丁醇钾在四氢呋喃(49.3mL,49.3mmol)的溶液中滴加二乙基氰基甲基膦酸酯(8.37mL,51.7mmol)在四氢呋喃(63mL)中的溶液。使反应加热至室温,然后再次冷却至0℃。向反应混合物中加入戊醛(5.0mL,47mmol)在四氢呋喃(12.6mL)中的溶液。使反应加热至室温并搅拌过夜。在使用水猝灭后,使用醚萃取混合物。将合并的有机层使用盐水洗涤,干燥,并蒸发至干。将粗产物直接用于后续步骤。LCMS计算值C7H12N(M+H)+:m/z=110.1;测定值:110.3.
步骤2.3-[4-(7-{[2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基]甲基}-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈
向4-(1H-吡唑-4-基)-7-{[2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基]甲基}-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶(6.1g,19mmol)在乙腈(58mL)的溶液中加入粗庚-2-烯腈(2.6g,23mmol),然后加入1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯(3.49mL,23.4mmol)。将所得混合物在室温下搅拌周末然后蒸发至干。将残摘在硅胶上纯化,使用在己烷中0至50%的乙酸乙酯来洗脱,从而得到期望产物(6.90g,84%)。LCMS计算值C22H33N6OSi(M+H)+:m/z=425.2;测定值:425.4.将外消旋混合物施加在OD-H柱(3x25cm,5μM)上,使用15%乙醇和85%己烷混合物以28mL/min的流速来进行洗脱,从而得到两种期望的对映异构体。第一峰保留时间9.46min;第二峰(3.45g)保留时间12.35min。
步骤3.3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈
向装有搅拌棒、冷凝器和氮气入口的500mL圆底烧瓶中加入乙腈(58mL),水(5.0mL),3-[4-(7-{[2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基]甲基}-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈(2nd峰,来自步骤2的手性分离,3.50g,8.24mmol)和四氟硼酸锂(7.88g,82.4mmol)。使混合物加热回流过夜。在5分钟的时间内在室温下向反应混合物中滴加7.2M的在水水(4.3mL,31mmol)中的氢氧化铵,从而调节pH至9-10。使所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。通过过滤除去固体,并且将滤液在RP-HPLC(XBridge柱C18,30x100mm 5μM;注射体积5mL和流速为60mL/min;以具有0.15%NH4OH的水和乙腈的梯度)上纯化以得到期望产物(1.79g,74%).LCMS计算值C16H19N6(M+H)+:m/z=295.2;测定值:295.2.
步骤4.3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈磷酸
在60℃下向3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈(0.363g,1.23mmol)在异丙醇(8.0mL)的溶液中加入在1.0mL异丙醇中的磷酸(0.133g,1.36mmol)。将混合物在60℃下加热1小时,然后冷却至室温。使析出物滤掉并风干,使用乙醚冲洗然后风干,以进一步得到期望磷酸盐(418mg,86.5%).1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ12.10(1H,s),8.78(1H,s),8.66(1H,s),8.36(1H,s),7.58(1H,m),6.97(1H,m),4.71(1H,m),3.18(1H,m),3.17(1H,m),1.93(1H,m),1.82(1H,m),1.21(3H,m),0.95(1H,m),0.78(3H,t,J=7.2Hz)ppm.
实施例A:体外JAK激酶测定
根据下列Park et al.,Analytical Biochemistry 1999,269,94-104中所述的体外测定来测试本发明化合物的JAK靶点的抑制活性。将具有N-末端His标签的人JAK1(a.a.837-1142)、JAK2(a.a.828-1132)和JAK3(a.a.781-1124)的催化结构域使用杆状病毒在昆虫细胞中表达,然后纯化。JAK1,JAK2或JAK3的催化活性通过测量生物素化肽的磷酸化来测定。磷酸化肽通过均相时间分辨荧光(HTRF)来检测。在40μL反应物中测量各种激酶的IC50,所述反应物含有酶,在具有100mM NaCl,5mM DTT和0.1mg/mL(0.01%)BSA的50mM Tris(pH 7.8)缓冲液中的ATP和500nM肽。反应物中ATP浓度为90μM(Jak1),30μM(Jak2)和3μM(Jak3)。使反应在室温下进行1小时,然后使用在测定缓冲液(Perkin Elmer,Boston,MA)中20μL 45mM EDTA,300nM SA-APC,6nM Eu-Py20来停止。和铕标记的抗体的结合进行40分钟,并且在Fusion板读取器(Perkin Elmer,Boston,MA)上测量HTRF信号。
本发明化合物发现是有效JAK抑制剂。对于实施例1,衍生自手性分离步骤的峰2的对映异构体测定为IC50值小于10nM(对于JAK2)。相同对映异构体的磷酸盐形式具有类似活性。此外,对于实施例1,衍生自手性分离步骤的峰1的对映异构体也测定为IC50值小于10nM(对于JAK2),尽管其不如其他对映异构体那么有效。
表1
实施例B:细胞测定
癌症细胞系取决于细胞因子,因此用于生长的JAK/STAT信号转导(例如,INA-6)以6000细胞/孔(96孔板形式)在RPMI 1640,10%FBS和1ng/mL的合适细胞因子中接种。将化合物加入DMSO/培养基中的细胞(最终浓度0.2%DMSO),并且在37℃,5%CO2下孵育72小时。化合物对于细胞生存力的影响使用CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay(Promega)、然后TopCount(Perkin Elmer,Boston,MA)定量来评价。化合物的潜在偏离靶点的效果使用具有相同测定读出值的非-JAK驱动的细胞系来平行测量。所有试验典型地进行一式三次。
上述细胞系用于检测化合物对于JAK激酶或潜在下游底物例如STAT蛋白Akt,Shp2或Erk的磷酸化的效果。根据下列方式进行这些试验:进行过夜细胞因子饥饿,然后使用化合物进行简单前孵育(2小时或更短),和细胞因子刺激大约1小时或更短。然后将蛋白从细胞中提取,并且通过本领域技术人员熟悉的技术来分析,包括使用可以在磷酸化和全部蛋白之间区别的抗体的Western印迹法或ELISA。这些试验使用健康或癌细胞来调查化合物对于肿瘤细胞存活生物学或者炎症调节剂的活性。例如,对于后者,细胞因子例如IL-6,IL-12,IL-23或IFN用于刺激JAK激活,从而导致STAT蛋白的磷酸化,并潜在地导致转录性能(通过阵列或qPCR技术来评价)或蛋白例如IL-17的产生和/或分泌。化合物抑制这些细胞因子介导的效果的能力使用本领域通常知道的技术来测量。
本发明化合物可在细胞模型中进行测试,该细胞模型被设计以评价它们针对突变JAK例如骨髓增殖疾病中发现的JAK2V617F突变的效果和活性。这些试验通常使用血统(例如BaF/3)的细胞因子依赖性细胞,其中野生型或突变JAK激酶异位表达(James,C.,et al.Nature 434:1144-1148;Staerk,J.,et al.JBC 280:41893-41899)。最后包括化合物对于细胞存活、增殖和磷酸化JAK,STAT,Akt或Erk蛋白的影响。
本发明化合物可评价其抑制T-细胞增殖的活性。这种测定可被认为是又一种细胞因子(即JAK)驱动的增殖测定,并且也是免疫抑制或免疫激活抑制的一种简便测定。下面是如何进行这些试验的简便描述。将外周血单核细胞(PBMC)从人全血样品中使用Ficoll Hypaque分离法制备,并且将T-细胞(分级2000)通过洗提得自PBMC。使新鲜分离的人T-细胞在37℃下以2x106细胞/ml的密度保持在培养基(RPMI 1640,补充10%胎牛血清,100U/ml青霉素,100μg/ml链霉素)中长达2天。对于IL-2刺激的细胞增殖分析,首先将T-细胞用植物血球凝集素(PHA)以最终浓度10μg/mL处理72h。在使用PBS洗涤一次后,将6000细胞/孔接种到96-孔板中,并且在100U/mL人IL-2(ProSpec-Tany TechnoGene;Rehovot,Israel)存在下使用在培养基中不同浓度的化合物来处理。使板在37℃下孵育72h,并且使用CellTiter-Glo Luminescent试剂遵守生产商建议的方案(Promega;Madison,WI)来评价增殖系数。
实施例C:体内抗肿瘤效果
本发明化合物可以在免疫妥协小鼠中在人肿瘤异种移植物模型中进行评价。例如,INA-6浆细胞瘤细胞系的发生肿瘤变体可以用于皮下接种SCID小鼠(Burger,R.,et al.Hematol J.2:42-53,2001)。然后使带有肿瘤的动物随机分为药物或媒介物治疗组,并且通过通常途径中的任一种来施用不同剂量的化合物,包括口服,i.p.或使用可植入泵来连续输注。使用卡尺测量随着时间的消逝肿瘤生长。另外,在开始如上所述(实施例B)进行处理以用于分析之后的任何时间可以收获肿瘤样品,以评价化合物对于JAK活性和下游信号传导途径的效果。另外,化合物的选择性可以使用异种移植物肿瘤模型来评价,该模型被其他已知激酶(例如Bcr-Abl)例如K562肿瘤模型驱动。
实施例D:鼠皮肤接触延迟型超敏反应试验
本发明化合物还可以被测试其在T细胞驱动鼠延迟超敏反应试验模型中的效力(抑制JAK靶的效力)。鼠皮肤接触延迟型超敏(DTH)反应被认为是慢性接触性皮炎以及诸如银屑病等其他T淋巴细胞介导的皮肤免疫疾患的有效模型(Immunol Today.1998 Jan;19(1):37-44)。鼠DTH与银屑病共有多种特征,包括免疫侵润、伴随的炎性细胞因子增加和角质形成细胞增殖。而且,临床上有效治疗银屑病的许多类药剂也是小鼠DTH反应的有效抑制剂(Agents Actions.1993 Jan;38(1-2):116-21)。
在第0天和第1天,用抗原2,4,二硝基-氟苯(DNFB)局部应用至小鼠剃过的腹部来致敏Balb/c小鼠。第5天,使用工程师千分尺测量耳朵厚度。该测量值被记录并用作基线。然后动物耳朵通过局部应用浓度0.2%、总计20μL(10μL在内耳,10μL在外耳)的DNFB来激发。激发后24至72小时,再次测量耳朵。用测试化合物的治疗在致敏和攻击阶段(第1天至第7天)给予或者在攻击阶段之前和攻击阶段(通常在第4天下午至第7天)给予。测试化合物的治疗(以不同浓度)被全身或局部施用(局部施用至耳朵进行治疗)。测试化合物的效力由与无治疗情况相比耳朵肿胀来指示。引起20%或更多减少的化合物被认为是有效的。在一些实验中,小鼠被攻击但未被致敏(阴性对照)。
测试化合物的抑制作用(抑制JAK-STAT途径的激活)可以通过免疫组织化学分析来确认。JAK-STAT途径的激活导致功能转录因子的形成和易位。而且,免疫细胞的内流和增加的角质形成细胞增殖也应该提供耳朵中独特的表达概况变化,这可以被考察并定量。福尔马林固定和石蜡包埋的耳朵切片(在DTH模型中攻击阶段之后收集)使用与磷酸化STAT3(克隆58E12,Cell Signaling Technologies)特异性相互作用的抗体进行免疫组织化学分析。在DTH模型中,小鼠耳朵用测试化合物、媒介物或地塞米松(临床上有效的银屑病治疗)治疗,或者无任何治疗以比较。测试化合物和地塞米松在定性和定量上可以产生类似的转录变化,测试化合物和地塞米松可以减少侵润细胞数目。测试化合物的全身和局部施用可以产生抑制作用,即,减少侵润细胞数目和抑制转录变化。
实施例E:体内消炎活性
本发明化合物可以在啮齿动物或非啮齿动物模型中进行评价,该模型被设计以复制简单或复杂炎症应答。例如,关节炎的啮齿动物模型可用于评价预防或治疗剂量给予的化合物的治疗潜力。这些模型包括但不限于小鼠或大鼠胶原诱导的关节炎、大鼠佐剂诱导的关节炎、和胶原抗体诱导的关节炎。自身免疫疾病包括但不限于多发性硬化,I型糖尿病,葡萄膜视网膜炎炎,甲状腺炎,重症肌无力,免疫球蛋白肾病,心肌炎,气道敏化(哮喘),狼疮或结肠炎,也可以用于评价本文所述化合物的治疗潜力。这些模型是研究团体良好建立的,并且为本领域技术人员所熟悉(CurrentProtocols in Immunology,Vol 3.,Coligan,J.E.et al,Wiley Press.;Methods inMolecular Biology:Vol.225,Inflammation Protocols.,Winyard,P.G.andWilloughby,D.A.,Humana Press,2003.)。
实施例F:治疗干眼、葡萄膜炎和结膜炎的动物模型
药剂可以在一种或多种本领域技术人员已知的干眼的临床前模型中进行评价,包括但不限于兔伴刀豆球蛋白A(ConA)泪腺模型,东莨菪碱小鼠模型(皮下或透皮),Botulinumn小鼠泪腺模型,或者导致眼腺功能紊乱的多种自发啮齿动物自身免疫模型中的任一种(例如NOD-SCID,MRL/lpr或NZB/NZW)(Barabino et al.,Experimental Eye Research 2004,79,613-621和Schrader et al.,Developmental Opthalmology,Karger 2008,41,298-312)。这些模型中的最后部分可包括眼腺和眼睛(角膜等)的组织病理学以及测量眼泪产生的可能经典Schirmer试验或其改进的版本(Barabino et al.)。活性可通过不同施用途径(例如全身或局部)来给药以进行评价,这可以在可测量的疾病存在之前或之后开始。
药剂可以在本领域技术人员已知的葡萄膜炎的一种或多种临床前模型中评价。这些包括但不限于试验自身免疫性葡萄膜炎(EAU)和内毒素诱导的葡萄膜炎(EIU)的模型。EAU试验可在兔、大鼠或小鼠中进行,并且可包括被动或主动免疫。例如,多种视网膜抗原中的任一种可用于敏化动物至相关免疫原,此后动物可以使用相同抗原对眼睛进行攻击。EIU模型是更急性的,并且包括局部或全身施用次致死剂量的脂多糖。EIU和EAU模型的最后部分可特别包括眼底检查,组织病理学。这些模型由Smith et al.(Immunology and Cell Biology 1998,76,497-512)综述。活性通过多种施用途径(例如全身或局部)来给药以进行评价,这可以在可测量的疾病存在之前或之后开始。上面列出的一些模型也可培育巩膜炎/表层巩膜炎,青光眼,睫状体炎或虹膜炎,并因此用于调查化合物治疗这些疾病的潜在活性。
药剂可以在本领域技术人员已知的结膜炎的一种或多种临床前模型中评价。这些包括但不限于使用豚鼠、大鼠或小鼠的啮齿动物模型。豚鼠模型包括使用抗原(例如卵清蛋白或豚草)的主动或被动免疫和/或免疫攻击方案的那些(Groneberg,D.A.,et al.,Allergy 2003,58,1101-1113中综述)。大鼠和小鼠模型通常类似地和豚鼠那样设计(也由Groneberg综述)。活性通过多种施用途径(例如全身或局部)来给药以进行评价,这可以在可测量的疾病存在之前或之后开始。这些研究的最后部分可包括例如眼组织例如结膜的组织学、免疫学、生物化学或分子分析。
除本文中所述那些外,通过前述说明书,本发明的各种修改对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。此类修改也应在所附权利要求书的范围内。本发明中引用的各参考文献包括所有专利、专利申请和出版物均通过引用全文并入本文中。
Claims (57)
1.化合物,其选自:
3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈;和
3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈;
或它们药学上可接受的盐。
2.权利要求1所述的化合物,其是3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈或其药学上可接受的盐。
3.权利要求1所述的化合物,其是(3R)-3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈或其药学上可接受的盐。
4.权利要求1所述的化合物,其是(3S)-3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈或其药学上可接受的盐。
5.权利要求1所述的化合物,其是3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈磷酸盐。
6.权利要求1所述的化合物,其是(3R)-3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈磷酸盐。
7.权利要求1所述的化合物,其是(3S)-3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈磷酸盐。
8.权利要求1所述的化合物,其是3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈或其药学上可接受的盐。
9.权利要求1所述的化合物,其是(3R)-3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈或其药学上可接受的盐。
10.权利要求1所述的化合物,其是(3S)-3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈或其药学上可接受的盐。
11.权利要求1所述的化合物,其是3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈磷酸盐。
12.权利要求1所述的化合物,其是(3R)-3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈磷酸盐。
13.权利要求1所述的化合物,其是(3S)-3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈磷酸盐。
14.一种组合物,包含:权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐;和至少一种药学上可接受的载体。
15.权利要求14所述的组合物,其适用于局部施用。
16.权利要求14所述的组合物,其适用于透皮施用。
17.权利要求16所述的组合物,其为透皮贴剂、油膏、洗剂、霜剂或凝胶的形式。
18.一种治疗患者中的疾病的方法,其中所述疾病相关于JAK活性,该方法包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
19.一种治疗患者中的自身免疫疾病的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
20.权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述自身免疫疾病是皮肤病、多发性硬化、类风湿性关节炎、银屑病关节炎、少年关节炎、I型糖尿病、狼疮、银屑病、炎症性肠病、克罗恩氏病、重症肌无力、免疫球蛋白肾病、心肌炎或自身免疫性甲状腺类疾病。
21.权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述自身免疫疾病是大疱性皮肤病。
22.权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述大疱性皮肤病是寻常天疱疮(PV)或大疱性类天疱疮(BP)。
23.权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述自身免疫疾病是类风湿性关节炎。
24.权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述自身免疫疾病是皮肤病。
25.权利要求24所述的方法,其中所述皮肤病是特应性皮炎或银屑病。
26.权利要求24所述的方法,其中所述皮肤病是皮肤敏化、皮肤刺激、皮疹、接触性皮炎或过敏性接触敏化。
27.一种治疗患者中的癌症的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
28.权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述癌症是实体瘤。
29.权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述癌症是前列腺癌、肾癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、甲状腺癌、卡波西氏肉瘤、Castleman病或胰腺癌。
30.权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述癌症是淋巴瘤、白血病或多发性骨髓瘤。
31.权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述癌症是皮肤T-细胞淋巴瘤或皮肤B-细胞淋巴瘤。
32.一种治疗患者中的骨髓增生性疾病的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
33.权利要求32所述的方法,其中所述骨髓增生性疾病是真性红细胞增多症(PV)、特发性血小板增多症(ET)、原发性骨髓纤维化(PMF)、慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)、慢性粒单核细胞白血病(CMML)、高嗜酸性细胞增多综合症(HES)、特发性骨髓纤维化(IMF)或系统性肥大细胞病(SMCD)。
34.一种治疗患者中的炎症的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
35.权利要求34所述的方法,其中所述炎症是虹膜炎、葡萄膜炎、巩膜炎、结膜炎、呼吸道炎症、炎性肌病或心肌炎。
36.一种治疗患者中的病毒疾病的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
37.权利要求36所述的方法,其中所述病毒疾病是EB病毒(EBV)、肝炎B、肝炎C、HIV、HTLV 1、水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV)或人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)。
38.一种治疗患者中的器官移植排斥的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
39.一种治疗患者中的缺血再灌注或和缺血事件有关的疾病的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
40.一种治疗患者中的厌食症或恶病质的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐,其中所述厌食症或恶病质源自或相关于癌症。
41.一种治疗患者中的疲劳的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐,其中所述疲劳源自或相关于癌症。
42.一种治疗患者中的同种异体移植排斥或移植物抗宿主病的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
43.一种治疗患者中的类风湿性关节炎的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
44.一种治疗患者中的银屑病的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
45.一种治疗患者中的皮炎的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
46.一种治疗患者中的虹膜炎的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
47.一种治疗患者中的葡萄膜炎的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
48.一种治疗患者中的巩膜炎的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
49.一种治疗患者中的结膜炎的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1至4和8至10中任一项所述的化合物或盐、或者权利要求5至7和11至13中任一项所述的盐。
51.权利要求50所述的方法,其中所述方法是制备3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]辛腈磷酸盐的方法。
52.权利要求50所述的方法,其中所述方法是制备3-[4-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]庚腈磷酸盐的方法。
53.权利要求50至52中任一项所述的方法,其中所述联合在有机溶剂存在下进行。
54.权利要求53所述的方法,其中所述有机溶剂是醇。
55.权利要求54所述的方法,其中所述醇选自甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和丁醇。
56.权利要求50至52中任一项所述的方法,其中所述联合在大于约20℃的温度下进行。
57.权利要求50至52中任一项所述的方法,其中所述联合在约60℃的温度下进行。
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WO2007070514A1 (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-21 | Incyte Corporation | Heteroaryl substituted pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines and pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrimidines as janus kinase inhibitors |
Cited By (3)
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CN110325536A (zh) * | 2016-12-21 | 2019-10-11 | 日本烟草产业株式会社 | Janus激酶抑制剂的晶体形式 |
CN110538183A (zh) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-12-06 | 吉林大学 | 一种预防和治疗小儿湿疹的组合物及其制备方法 |
TWI851316B (zh) * | 2022-07-05 | 2024-08-01 | 大陸商盛世泰科生物醫藥技術(蘇州)股份有限公司 | 含偕二氟基的化合物及其製備方法和用途 |
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