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CN101803109A - 最大化来自无线功率磁谐振器的功率产量 - Google Patents

最大化来自无线功率磁谐振器的功率产量 Download PDF

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CN101803109A
CN101803109A CN200880106361A CN200880106361A CN101803109A CN 101803109 A CN101803109 A CN 101803109A CN 200880106361 A CN200880106361 A CN 200880106361A CN 200880106361 A CN200880106361 A CN 200880106361A CN 101803109 A CN101803109 A CN 101803109A
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receiver according
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汉斯彼得·威德默
卢卡斯·西贝尔
斯蒂芬·多米尼亚克
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供用于无线功率接收的磁力学系统。微型移动磁体放置在振荡磁场中。所述磁体的移动致使功率被产生。

Description

最大化来自无线功率磁谐振器的功率产量
本申请案主张2007年9月13日申请的第60/972,181号临时申请案的优先权，所述临时申请案的整个揭示内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
背景技术
在不使用电线来引导电磁场的情况下从源向目的地转移电能是合意的。先前尝试的难点是低效率以及不足量的所递送功率。
我们的先前申请案和临时申请案描述了无线功率转移，所述申请案包含(但不限于)2008年1月22日申请的标题为“无线设备和方法(Wireless Apparatus and Methods)”的第12/018,069号美国专利申请案，所述美国专利申请案的整个揭示内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
所述系统可使用优选为谐振天线的发射天线和接收天线，所述天线大体上以指定的发射或接收频率谐振，例如，其具有将其带入5％、10％、15％或20％谐振的值。所述天线优选具有小尺寸以允许其配合到用于天线的可用空间可能有限的移动手持式装置中。可通过将能量存储在发射天线的近场中而不是将能量以行进电磁波的形式发送到自由空间中，来在两个天线之间实行高效的功率转移。可使用具有高质量因数的天线。放置两个高Q天线以使得其类似于松散耦合变压器而相互作用，其中一个天线将功率感应到另一天线中。所述天线优选具有大于1000的Q。
发明内容
本申请案描述经由电磁场耦合从功率源向功率目的地转移能量。实施例使用磁力学系统来接收功率。实施例描述用于使用微机电系统或MEMS来形成磁力学系统的技术。
附图说明
现在将参看附图详细描述这些和其它方面，在附图中：
图1展示基于磁波的无线功率发射系统的框图；
图2说明MMS实施例；
图3说明使用MMS实施例的能量流动；
图4展示框图；且
图5展示MMS装置阵列。
具体实施方式
图1中展示基本实施例。功率发射器组合件100从源(例如，AC插头102)接收功率。频率产生器104用以将能量耦合到天线110(此处为谐振天线)。天线110包含电感性回路111，其以电感性方式耦合到高Q谐振天线部分112。谐振天线包含N个线圈回路113，每一回路具有半径RA。电容器114(此处展示为可变电容器)与线圈113串联，从而形成谐振回路。在所述实施例中，电容器是与线圈完全分离的结构，但在某些实施例中，形成线圈的电线的自电容可形成电容114。
频率产生器104可优选被调谐到天线110，且还经选择以获得FCC顺应性。
此实施例使用多向天线。115将能量展示为在所有方向上输出。在天线的大部分输出不是电磁辐射能量而是较为静止的磁场的意义上，天线100是非辐射性的。当然，来自天线的部分输出实际上将辐射。
另一实施例可使用辐射性天线。
接收器150包含与发射天线110离开距离D放置的接收天线155。接收天线类似地为具有线圈部分和电容器的高Q谐振线圈天线151，其耦合到电感性耦合回路152。耦合回路152的输出在整流器160中整流，且被施加于负载。所述负载可为任何类型的负载，例如为例如灯泡等电阻性负载，或例如电器、计算机、可再充电电池、音乐播放器或汽车等电子装置负载。
能量可通过电场耦合或磁场耦合而转移，但本文主要描述磁场耦合作为实施例。
电场耦合提供电感性加载的电偶极子，其为开路电容器或介电圆盘。外来物体可能对电场耦合提供相对较强的影响。磁场耦合可能是优选的，因为磁场中的外来物体具有与“空白”空间相同的磁性质。
所述实施例描述使用电容性加载的磁偶极子的磁场耦合。此偶极子由形成线圈的至少一个回路或匝的电线回路与将天线电加载到谐振状态的电容器串联形成。
实施例从磁力学系统形成接收器。一个实施例使用微机电系统(MEMS)来利用其旋磁性质。实施例使用可用以形成这些磁力学系统的材料。
本文中使用MEMS来指代(例如)使用半导体处理技术形成大小为数微米或更小的机械结构的任何机械机构。根据实施例，使用MEMS来形成开关、电感器、可变电容器、可重配置天线和天线部件等。
实施例模仿YIG材料例如在较低频率下的旋磁高Q谐振效应。这可用于非辐射性无线能量转移。
微磁力学系统可由多个微小永磁体形成，每一所述永磁体可个别地在轴上旋转。所述多个永磁体可为结构阵列或媒介。
第一实施例使用罗盘型MMS装置。第二实施例使用扭转型MMS装置。
罗盘型MMS具有由微磁体形成的媒介，通过施加静磁场H0来使所述微磁体偏置(渗透)。所述系统在由其磁化强度M0和经微机械加工磁体的惯性力矩Im以及H0界定的特征频率下展现铁磁谐振。
图2所示的实施例使用具有多个微磁体的扭转型MMS，每一所述微磁体由扭转梁支撑。此实施例不包括静磁场要求。所述系统可经调谐以在由磁化强度M0和微磁体的惯性力矩Im以及扭转梁的弹簧常数界定的特征频率下展现铁磁谐振。
图2展示扭转型磁力学系统的基本原理。感应线圈200用以将动能转换为电能。此感应线圈200受外部交变磁场205影响。所施加的磁偶极子力矩产生以下力矩：
T(t)＝M(t)xB(t)
这致使磁振荡条形磁体使用发电机原理在周围线圈200中产生电压。螺旋弹簧215可代表扭转梁。
在功率发射的上下文中，可将罗盘型或扭转型MEMS视为：
·铁氧体，其优选在谐振频率下放大通过天线电线回路(线圈)的交变磁通量，
·高Q谐振器，其经由磁场耦合到发射器(驱动力是洛伦兹力，这与基于感应定律的L-C型谐振器形成对比)，和/或
·发电机，其由发射器通过磁场来远程驱动，从而将动能转换为电能。
在实施例中，梁210是径向对称的，例如球形或圆盘形。
具有“发电机”接收器的无线能量转移系统可实行根据图3的图式的系统。发射器300将电能302转换为磁能304。磁能304在发电机接收器中被接收且被转换为动能306。动能被转换回为电能且在接收器处使用。
图4展示其中发射回路400形成概括展示为405的磁场的实施例。
发电机接收器410留在磁场405的区域内。发电机接收器包括移动磁体415。所述移动磁体可使用非谐振铁磁系统、谐振陀螺磁性和/或磁力学系统(例如，谐振系统)。根据实施例，磁体不具有大于10μm(更优选不小于5μm或1μm)的尺寸。
移动磁体的输出形成经放大的磁通量420。通量可表达为Ф(t)。
在此移动中使用磁通量要注意的一个问题是这些磁体中储存有大量的能量/无功功率。
Figure GPA00001049226900041
Preact＝QUL·Ptrans
假设：
Figure GPA00001049226900042
根据实施例，使用微机械结构阵列，如图5所示。所述阵列可具有任何形状，例如二维阵列或一维阵列或环形阵列。在实施例中，整个阵列配合在近似2cm3的容积中。若干微机械结构(例如500、501)布置在此阵列中。
图5展示机械振荡磁体阵列500、501和缠绕在所述阵列周围的单个线圈505。磁体的移动将振荡动能转变为电能。所述系统展现由每一基础振荡器的机械参数界定的谐振。添加到拾取线圈505的外部电容器510用以维持此系统在谐振下的LC常数。将功率输出说明为所有磁体在520处的所有输出的总和。
上文已描述了使用MEMS来形成微小尺寸磁力学系统阵列。然而，可替代地将其它种类的微型磁体用于此目的。
虽然上文仅详细揭示了少数几个实施例，但其它实施例也是可能的，且发明人希望这些实施例包含在本说明书内。本说明书描述用以实现可以另一方式来实现的较一般目标的特定实例。本揭示内容既定为示范性的，且权利要求书既定涵盖所属领域的技术人员可能能够预测到的任何修改或替代方案。举例来说，可使用其它大小、材料和连接。虽然将天线的一些实施例的耦合部件展示为单个电线回路，但应理解，此耦合部件可具有多个电线回路。其它实施例可使用所述实施例的类似原理，且同样适用于主要为静电和/或动电场的耦合。一般来说，可使用电场来代替磁场作为主要耦合机制。
而且，发明人希望只有那些使用词“用于......的装置”的权利要求既定根据35USC112第六节来解释。此外，不希望将来自说明书的任何限制硬塞到任何权利要求中，除非这些限制明确地包括在所述权利要求中。
在本文中提到特定数值的情况下，应考虑，所述值可增加或减少20％，同时仍保留在本申请案的教示内，除非具体提到某一不同范围。在使用指定的逻辑意义的情况下，还希望涵盖相反的逻辑意义。

Claims (25)

1.一种无线功率接收器装置，其包含：
接收器部分，其由多个电组件、所述多个磁接收天线和一功率输出部件形成，
其中所述电组件中的至少一者是使用机械加工工艺形成的，所述机械加工工艺产生形成所述多个电组件为1μm或更小的机械特征。
2.根据权利要求1所述的接收器，其中所述特征包括电感器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的接收器，其中所述特征包括电容器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的接收器，其中所述特征包括磁体。
5.根据权利要求4所述的接收器，其中所述磁体经安装以在来自交变磁场的影响下移动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的接收器，其中所述多个组件包括移动磁体阵列。
7.根据权利要求6所述的接收器，其进一步包含在所述磁体阵列之间共享的单个感应线圈。
8.根据权利要求5所述的接收器，其中所述磁体是径向对称的。
9.一种无线接收器，其包含：
第一部分，其包括定位在用以接收交变磁场的位置中的可移动磁体，
磁部件，其邻近所述可移动磁体，且位于所述可移动磁体的移动产生能量的位置中；以及
输出口，其用于所述移动磁体所产生的功率。
10.根据权利要求9所述的接收器，其进一步包含线圈，且其中所述线圈和所述可移动磁体每一者在整体大小上小于10μm。
11.根据权利要求9所述的接收器，其中所述磁体小于2cm3。
12.根据权利要求9所述的接收器，其中存在多个磁体，其经布置以使得其输出汇总以产生功率输出。
13.根据权利要求12所述的接收器，其中所述多个磁体总共占用2cm3或更少的空间。
14.根据权利要求10所述的接收器，其中所述多个磁体以二维阵列布置。
15.根据权利要求9所述的接收器，其中所述移动磁体包括扭转部件和弹簧，所述移动磁体在所述磁场的影响下移动，且所述接收器进一步包含至少一个感应线圈，所述感应线圈位于邻近于移动磁体处，且将动能转换为电能。
16.根据权利要求9所述的接收器，其中所述磁体是径向对称的。
17.根据权利要求12所述的接收器，其中每一所述磁体是径向对称的。
18.一种接收功率的方法，其包含：
将可移动磁体阵列定位在用以接收交变磁场的位置中；
使用移动磁体的所述移动来产生能量；以及
使用由所述移动磁体产生的所述能量来为便携式电子装置中的负载供电。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其进一步包含在所述可移动磁体阵列之间共享单个线圈。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中所述线圈和所述移动磁体每一者在整体大小上小于10μm。
21.根据权利要求18所述的接收器，其中每一所述磁体小于2cm3。
22.根据权利要求18所述的接收器，其中所述多个磁体以二维阵列布置。
23.一种无线功率发射装置，其包含：
第一部分，其由磁发电机和高频率产生系统形成且具有若干组件，其中所述组件中的至少一者是使用产生1μm或更小的特征的机械加工工艺形成的。
24.根据权利要求23所述的装置，其中所述特征包括电感器。
25.根据权利要求23所述的装置，其中所述特征包括电容器。
CN200880106361A 2007-09-13 2008-09-14 最大化来自无线功率磁谐振器的功率产量 Pending CN101803109A (zh)

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