- History, Medieval History, Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval History, Historical Geography, and 31 moreE-Mapping, Medieval Chronicles, Medieval Nobility, Territoriality, Political Power, Kingdom of Castile in the Middle Ages, Historical Cartography, Medieval Prophecy, Gildas, Medieval cartularies, Bede the Venerable, Early Medieval Britain, Medieval Castile, Territorial divisions, Local communities, Infantes de Lara, Historia Ecclesiastica, Political struggles, Medieval Epics, Medieval Spanish Epics, Medieval forgeries, Diplomatics (Medieval), Medieval Iberian History, Landscape Archaeology, Visigothic Spain, Medieval Ecclesiastical History, Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), High Middle Ages, Early Middle Ages (History), Medieval Studies, and Manuscripts (Medieval Studies)edit
- JULIO ESCALONA (Madrid, 1963) received his doctorate in 1996 by the U. Complutense de Madrid. He is currently Investi... moreJULIO ESCALONA (Madrid, 1963) received his doctorate in 1996 by the U. Complutense de Madrid. He is currently Investigador Científico at the Instituto de Historia - CSIC and belongs to the Department of Medieval Studies. He has formerly been:
- Secondary Education Teacher
- Post-Doctoral Fellow at University College London.
- Post-doctoral Researcher at CSIC.
- Associate Lecturer at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.
- "Ramón y Cajal" Researcher at CSIC.
Up to 2022 he was Honorary Senior Research Associate of the Institute of Archaeology (University College London, UK). He is Full member of the Spanish Society of Agrarian History (SEHA), and Full member of the European Archaeologists Association (EAA).
Research: His research is based on the combination of history and archeology to study European societies of the Early and High Middle Ages, in three main areas:
- The study of territory, society and power in medieval Europe.
- The analysis of medieval written sources from the point of view of historical memory, political discourse and document forgery.
- The application of Information Technologies to research in Medieval History and Archaeology (especially database design and e-mapping).
He has participated in numerous national and international projects funded research, including being PI of five projects of the Spanish National R+D+i Plan.
Teaching: He has extensive teaching experience at all levels from Secondary Education to Doctorate, including the direction of three CSIC Special Research Training Courses as well as supervision of Introduction to Research Fellowships (CSIC), Master Theses and the co-supervision of four PhD theses.edit
El estallido de focos de rebeldía contra el poder emiral Omeya en los años finales del siglo IX es un fenómeno bien conocido, que ha recibido la denominación de «primera fītna» para distinguirlo de las turbulencias que pusieron fin al... more
El estallido de focos de rebeldía contra el poder emiral Omeya en los años finales del siglo IX es un fenómeno bien conocido, que ha recibido la denominación de «primera fītna» para distinguirlo de las turbulencias que pusieron fin al Califato de Córdoba a comienzos del siglo XI. Igualmente notorio —aunque mucho peor documentado en las fuentes— es el surgimiento de una serie de poderes regionales al otro lado de la frontera del Ebro, de los cuales el más importante en el siglo IX era Pamplona. Más al oeste, fue creciendo también un pequeño núcleo castellano, que a comienzos del siglo X protagonizaría una expansión muy notable. Estos poderes fronterizos participaron activamente en las tensiones de la frontera del Ebro durante la fītna. Sin embargo, sólo muy raramente son analizados como dos caras de una misma moneda. El fenómeno andalusí ha sido interpretado como los últimos coletazos de unas aristocracias «feudales» de origen visigodo y resistentes a la imposición de la sociedad islámica (Acién), mientras que los núcleos cristianos son habitualmente interpretados en el marco de la resistencia cristiana contra el islam y los inicios de la «Reconquista». En este artículo se explora una interpretación integrada y no teleológica de ambos procesos, utilizando para ello el aparato conceptual de los estudios contemporáneos sobre el fenómeno de los «señores de la guerra» (warlordism).
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Humanities, Medieval History, Medieval Studies, Peasant Studies, Iberian Studies, and 13 moreMedieval Iberian History, Early Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval History, Medieval rural settlement, Feudalism and Lordship, Alta Edad Media, Historia Medieval, Peasant History, Medieval Rural Settlement, Campesinos, Altomedioevo, Charter, and Kingdom
Digital relations are deeply transforming our lives : from the nature of political participation to the relationship between digital and non-digital environments ; from the reorganization of the public sphere to the ethics of... more
Digital relations are deeply transforming our lives : from the nature of political participation to the relationship between digital and non-digital environments ; from the reorganization of the public sphere to the ethics of responsibility, transparency or inclusiveness. We are witnessing fundamental changes in the infrastructures of democracy and the emergence of new forms of digital citizenship.Peer reviewe
Research Interests:
El artículo 47 de los estatutos de FET y JONS redactados en 1937 establecía que “El jefe nacional […] supremo Caudillo del movimiento, personifica todos los valores y todos los honores del mismo como autor de la era histórica donde España... more
El artículo 47 de los estatutos de FET y JONS redactados en 1937 establecía que “El jefe nacional […] supremo Caudillo del movimiento, personifica todos los valores y todos los honores del mismo como autor de la era histórica donde España adquiere las posibilidades de realizar su destino y con él los anhelos del movimiento; el jefe asume en su entera plenitud la más total autoridad. El jefe responde ante Dios y ante la Historia”. Si el apoyo divino al régimen lo garantizaba la colaboración con la Iglesia católica, la armonía con el pasado de España tuvo que conseguirla con el trabajo voluntario y entusiasta de una legión de propagandistas, escritores, intelectuales y profesores universitarios que pusieron sus plumas e ideas al servicio del Caudillo. El resultado fue una deformación del relato sobre la Historia de España que se podía encontrar tanto en los libros de académicos y universitarios como en los manuales escolares. De esta manipulación es bien conocido el falseamiento que se hizo de los orígenes de la guerra civil, responsabilizando a los defensores de la República para poder presentarse a sí mismo como el salvador de España. Pero la reinvención del pasado fue mucho más lejos: todas las etapas fueron reescritas para crear un relato histórico que legitimara al dictador y lo convirtiera en una figura a la altura del Cid, Carlos V o Felipe II, y además se justificara la sublevación del 18 de julio de 1936 como un acto de lealtad a España. Las contribuciones reunidas en esta obra se detienen a analizar la tergiversación efectiva de momentos y acontecimientos muy concretos del pasado, ofreciendo al lector un recorrido crítico por parte de la historia contada por el franquismo, desde las civilizaciones prerromanas hasta la constitución del imperio de los Austrias.
Research Interests:
In historical discourses early medieval polities occupy a sort of no-man’s land between the ‘ancient states’ of Classical Antiquity and the ‘modern states’ of later medieval and early modern times. Both embody large-scale, sophisticated... more
In historical discourses early medieval polities occupy a sort of no-man’s land between the ‘ancient states’ of Classical Antiquity and the ‘modern states’ of later medieval and early modern times. Both embody large-scale, sophisticated administrative and political constructs which are commonly presented as key moments in the genealogy of present-day states – one which acknowledges its classical foundations and modern developments, but is much less at ease with its medieval interlude. For many students of modern states, the significant changes in state governance that took place between the late Middle Ages and the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries—mainly governments’ ability to control and monopolize violence—are a convenient point of departure, thereby rendering developments further back in time inconsequential or trivial to the evolution of the ‘state’. Nevertheless, it makes little sense to argue that states—however imperfect compared both to modern and Classical ones—did not ...
Research Interests:
Las sociedades humanas han concebido su relación con el espacio físico en el que habitaban en términos territoriales. Este concepto dota a la noción de territorio de una serie de significados sociales y culturales, convirtiéndolo así en... more
Las sociedades humanas han concebido su relación con el espacio físico en el que habitaban en términos territoriales. Este concepto dota a la noción de territorio de una serie de significados sociales y culturales, convirtiéndolo así en un instrumento de articulación de las complejas y cambiantes relaciones entre grupos sociales y medio natural. Generalmente la territorialidad se examina desde el prisma de los estados modernos como zonas perfectamente delimitadas, tanto desde un punto de vista topográfico como desde una óptica del significado político. Sin embargo, se trata de una visión parcial, que no toma en consideración la existencia de otras formas de territorialidad existentes en sociedades preindustriales. La Alta Edad Media, un periodo que cubrió los siglos VI al XI aproximadamente, fue un auténtico laboratorio de territorialidad. Los modelos romanos, fuertemente condicionados por el poder imperial, se diluyeron y surgieron nuevas y muy diversas formas de articulación del territorio. Las sociedades locales se convirtieron en protagonistas activas, al crear patrones territoriales que sirvieron de escenario para implementar las relaciones con la autoridad central, al tiempo que se fueron construyendo los espacios episcopales y se crearon “lugares centrales” de nuevo cuño. Esta compleja relación entre lo local y lo englobante se aborda en este volumen a través de un conjunto de estudios que cubren la Península Ibérica, Inglaterra, Irlanda e Italia. La construcción de la territorialidad en la Alta Edad Media es una obra deliberadamente orientada hacia una historiografía de escala europea que supere las miradas exclusivamente nacionales.
Research Interests:
El Libro Becerro de las Behetrías es una fuente fundamental para el estudio de la estructura señorial castellana a mediados del siglo XIV. Es también sumamente complejo. En él se mezclan elementos procedentes de una larga trayectoria... more
El Libro Becerro de las Behetrías es una fuente fundamental para el estudio de la estructura señorial castellana a mediados del siglo XIV. Es también sumamente complejo. En él se mezclan elementos procedentes de una larga trayectoria evolutiva con innovaciones a veces muy recientes. Por lo tanto, no todo en el Becerro puede ser tratado en términos de 'arcaísmo" o "pervivencia" y es fundamental tener en cuenta cómo las novedades más recientes pueden encubrir elementos más antiguos, cómo pueden alterar la estructura señorial a nivel local y en qué medida esto puede afectar incluso a la forma en que esos datos se registran en el propio Becerro. Este trabajo pretende evaluar el peso relativo de arcaísmos" y "novedades" en un sector bien definido del sudeste castellano- el área en torno a Salas de los Infantes- a través de tres líneas de análisis: a) la distribución de las diferentes modalidades señoriales; b) el impacto relativo de poderes señoriales co...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This paper presents and discusses two of a number of methods for the computer-aided analysis of cartularies that are currently under development at the Instituto de Historia – CSIC. The first one, which we call the Order/Date Model, is... more
This paper presents and discusses two of a number of methods for the computer-aided analysis of cartularies that are currently under development at the Instituto de Historia – CSIC. The first one, which we call the Order/Date Model, is oriented to the integral visualization and analysis of an individual cartulary as a project. The second, which we call the Order/Order Model, is applied to pairs of cartularies that share at least part of their contents, and is aimed at revealing to what extent the most recent one made use of the oldest. Our method is based upon a relational database that stores all the information about the cartularies and a number of statistical graphs that generate a two-dimensional grid (the Order/Date or the Order/Order grids) upon which additional variables can be displayed. Our method draws on traditional codicological and palaeographical methods of analysis, but it represents a significant development, as it allows to visualize in an intuitive way very complex...
This chapter is an exploration of meetings held by local communities in the territory of the County of Castile between the 9th century and AD 1038, with a primary focus in the 10th century. It suggests that local communities did meet in... more
This chapter is an exploration of meetings held by local communities in the territory of the County of Castile between the 9th century and AD 1038, with a primary focus in the 10th century. It suggests that local communities did meet in Castile to deal with their everyday affairs, with an increasing preference for local churches as venues. Such meetings were by nature multi-functional. The range of issues that local councils had to deal with was a varied as the circumstances demanded. However, their representation in the written records seems to be strongly biased towards those aspects that could be of the greatest interest to the ecclesiastical and aristocratic powers that lay behind the process of charter production and preservation. Conversely, the local council’s ‘diplomatic’ roles, as the formal scenario for transactions and agreements and as a collective subscriber or witness is prominent, even if it occurs in a minority of charters. Local council meetings were as political as they could be at the local scale in 10th-century Castile. Dealing with common land, water rights or forests affected immensely the local distribution of wealth and power, as well as mechanisms of internal differentiation. This can only be regarded as political, even if counts and aristocrats hardly took notice of such matters unless they were directly interested in those resources.
Research Interests:
This paper aims to explore the role of fortifications in the southern fringes of the county of Castile bordering the river Duero, a region well known for its intense military activity during the tenth-century. The region and period... more
This paper aims to explore the role of fortifications in the southern fringes of the county of Castile bordering the river Duero, a region well known for its intense military activity during the tenth-century. The region and period provide an excellent case study to address some of the issues addressed by other chapters in this volume, including the construction and function of defence systems, the role of central power therein, or the impact on, and response of local society to those developments. The Duero border is particularly interesting because of the suddenness of the processes that turned a distant, much fragmented periphery into a major military frontier of the Asturian kingdom against the Caliphate of Córdoba. In the following, I will argue that tenth-century fortifications in this region are the result of a variety of inputs, some of which derive from centralised operations, while others respond to local initiatives, in a context of intense social change, largely triggered by military stress and incorporation into a larger-scale, more complex political system.
Research Interests:
This paper explores theoretical and methodological avenues for approaching the issue of early medieval state formation in the north-West of the Iberian Peninsula. It tries, on the one hand, to set the Iberian casuistry within a wider... more
This paper explores theoretical and methodological avenues for approaching the issue of early medieval state formation in the north-West of the Iberian Peninsula. It tries, on the one hand, to set the Iberian casuistry within a wider European framework, and on the other, to establish links between historical and archaeological approaches, taking into account each one's strengths and limitations.
Research Interests:
Este trabajo estudia los Miraculos Romançados de Santo Domingo de Silos, compuestos esencialmente por relatos de liberación de cautivos de los moros. Se analiza la diacronía de la obra (en particular sus errores de datación) así como los... more
Este trabajo estudia los Miraculos Romançados de Santo Domingo de Silos, compuestos esencialmente por relatos de liberación de cautivos de los moros. Se analiza la diacronía de la obra (en particular sus errores de datación) así como los procedimientosd e homogeneización de la narrativa. En la década de 1290, una serie de materiales originales diversos fueron reorganizados. La ordenación cronológica y la preocupación por una precisión casi notarial en los detalles llevan a pensar que se trata de un dossier destinado a ser presentado como apoyo para obtener una serie de bulas que fueron concedidas al monasterio de Santo Domingo de Silos en 1297 como reconocimiento de los milagros del santo.
Research Interests:
This article explores the representation of royal power in the tenth-century county of Castile by contrasting the low degrees of effective royal agency within the county with a dominant charter-writing tradition that coupled king and... more
This article explores the representation of royal power in the tenth-century county of Castile by contrasting the low degrees of effective royal agency within the county with a dominant charter-writing tradition that coupled king and count in the synchronisms of the dating clauses. The components of the Castilian charter corpus are broken down and compared to other areas in northern Iberia, in order to suggest that, rather than a mere regional charter-writing tradition, this practice reflects a widespread political culture that sought to legitimize the counts' unitary leadership of Castile by reference to a prestigious yet distant royal figure.
Research Interests: Medieval History, Medieval Iberian History, Early Medieval History, Medieval Political Thought, Charters and Paleography, and 6 moreThe Iberian kingdoms of Leon and Castile, 8th. - 12th. centuries, Kingdom of Castile in the Middle Ages, Medieval Castile, Political Authority, Representation of the Royal Power in the Middle Ages, and Medieval Monasteries
ABSTRACT: A 937 charter now at the British Library is identified as the sole extant original issued by Fernán González, Count of Castile, and as having been written by the monk Florentius of Valeranica, the best-known scribe in... more
ABSTRACT: A 937 charter now at the British Library is identified as the sole extant original issued by Fernán González, Count of Castile, and as having been written by the monk Florentius of Valeranica, the best-known scribe in tenth-century Castile. The piece's authenticity is established through detailed diplomatic and palaeographical analysis, including comparison with other works by Florentius.
Research Interests:
This text discusses the relationship bertween medieval cartularies and different aspects of diplomatic and social memory: - The memory of written documents - The memory of archives - The memory of other documentary collections - The... more
This text discusses the relationship bertween medieval cartularies and different aspects of diplomatic and social memory:
- The memory of written documents
- The memory of archives
- The memory of other documentary collections
- The memory of other cartularies
- The relationship between cartulary and discourse
- The memory of written documents
- The memory of archives
- The memory of other documentary collections
- The memory of other cartularies
- The relationship between cartulary and discourse
Research Interests: Medieval History, Medieval Iberian Literature, Medieval Studies, Medieval Iberian History, Manuscripts (Medieval Studies), and 7 moreCodicology of medieval manuscripts, Medieval Spain, Medieval History of Spain, Medieval Castile, Monastic charters and cartularies, Medieval cartularies, and Memory in Medieval Culture
This text is the conclusions to the sessions of the symposium on The Collapse of Kingdoms in Early Medieval Europe, held in Salamanca on the 22nd-23rd of October 2015. The contributions are published in a Special Issue of Reti Medievali... more
This text is the conclusions to the sessions of the symposium on The Collapse of Kingdoms in Early Medieval Europe, held in Salamanca on the 22nd-23rd of October 2015. The contributions are published in a Special Issue of Reti Medievali Rivista (The collapse of the early medieval European kingdoms (8th-9th centuries), ed. by Iñaki Martín Viso, Reti Medievali. Rivista, 17, 2 (2016)).
This short article presents reflections drawn from the essays collected in this special issue as well as from the debates of the Salamanca symposium where they originated. It does not purport to represent the authors’ ideas beyond what is strictly necessary for my argument. Firstly, I make a critical review of how political collapse is addressed in the different contributions, within a comparative perspective. Secondly, I suggest some theoretical approaches than can contribute to develop a comparative perspective on the endings of the early medieval kingdoms, based upon the notions of complexity, scale and agency.
This short article presents reflections drawn from the essays collected in this special issue as well as from the debates of the Salamanca symposium where they originated. It does not purport to represent the authors’ ideas beyond what is strictly necessary for my argument. Firstly, I make a critical review of how political collapse is addressed in the different contributions, within a comparative perspective. Secondly, I suggest some theoretical approaches than can contribute to develop a comparative perspective on the endings of the early medieval kingdoms, based upon the notions of complexity, scale and agency.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
While a subject of much discussion in fields such as ecology, geography, and sociology, scale is rarely theorized by archaeologists and historians. This text highlights the potential of the concepts of scale and scale change for... more
While a subject of much discussion in fields such as ecology, geography, and sociology, scale is rarely theorized by archaeologists and historians. This text highlights the potential of the concepts of scale and scale change for describing social complexity and comparing early medieval socio-spatial processes.
Research Interests:
Forged documents have worried historians for centuries, but it is only relatively recently that they have begun to be appreciated as essential gateways in the study of the ideology of the periods in which such forgeries were created. A... more
Forged documents have worried historians for centuries, but it is only relatively recently that they have begun to be appreciated as essential gateways in the study of the ideology of the periods in which such forgeries were created. A skilled forger is able to link to key components of his contemporaries’ ideology in search for credibility for his work and legitimation for his goals. This article discusses the ideological context in which some of the most successful forgeries in medieval Castile were created. The focus is especialy set upon those pieces which were attributed to either fully fictional characters or real characters which had been largely fictionalized by the epic literature, the role of which in the making of a Castilian political identity is recognized as crucial.
Research Interests:
Published in Construir la identidad en la Edad Media, edited by José Antonio Jara Fuente, Georges Martin and Isabel Alfonso, Cuenca: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 2010, pp. 55-82
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Religious conflicts, of various kinds, were frequent in the Late Roman and Post-Roman world. However, their significance and endurance varied much depending on a number of factors. This paper compares two such controversies, Priscilianism... more
Religious conflicts, of various kinds, were frequent in the Late Roman and Post-Roman world. However, their significance and endurance varied much depending on a number of factors. This paper compares two such controversies, Priscilianism in Iberia and Pelagianism in Britain, in connection to the scale and strength of the encompasing ecclesiastical structures in each case. The presence of a large-scale, well structured institutional Church is marked out as crucial both not only for the definition, "labelling" and prosecution of the dissidents, but even for their recognition as such. Once the "label" is created, it is often re-used to denigrate and de-legitimize other, potentially unrelated forms of dissent.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The typical medieval image of the local community, with defined territorial boundaries, social community bonds and a religious dimension as parish is pervasive in both the sources and the literature. Despite being generally admitted that... more
The typical medieval image of the local community, with defined territorial boundaries, social community bonds and a religious dimension as parish is pervasive in both the sources and the literature. Despite being generally admitted that such a model only became fully implemented as late as the eleventh century, this pattern often tends to be projected upon the earlier period, thus shaping our understanding of those less well-documented situations. This paper argues for consideration of a more complex early medieval pattern than is commonly admitted, and one in which the coexistence of multiple nested levels of territorial articulation provided the main framework for local sociability. Quite often, this can only be perceived by studying the traces of how larger territorial units became fragmented into the local territories that are typical of the later period. In doing so, the tenth centiry emerges as a critical period in which many of the earlier territorial and settlement structures began to change, although the outcome did not fully crystalize before the late eleventh century.
Research Interests:
This chapter focusses on one specific historical process — the incorporation of the Duero valley into the county of Castile, early in the tenth century — as a laboratory within which the explanatory capacity of the notion of scale change... more
This chapter focusses on one specific historical process — the incorporation of the Duero valley into the county of Castile, early in the tenth century — as a laboratory within which the explanatory capacity of the notion of scale change can be tested. In the first part, two different aspects of scale change — space and time — are discussed. The first needs little by way of demonstration, as Castile’s territorial expansion is a frequently visited subject for historians. Much less attention has been paid to the relevance of the temporal scale at which the whole process took place. The Castilian expansion can be described as a case of sudden scale change, as a dramatic increase in extent and complexity which occurred within the limits of human experience — that is, a generation. Related to this latter theme, issues of perception and agency are examined in the second part of this chapter.
Research Interests:
[EN] The ninth-century chroniclers working for the Asturian King Alfonso III clearly considered Alfonso I a pivotal figure of their eighth-century past. A detailed analysis of the role Alfonso I plays in those narratives, combined with... more
[EN] The ninth-century chroniclers working for the Asturian King Alfonso III clearly considered Alfonso I a pivotal figure of their eighth-century past. A detailed analysis of the role Alfonso I plays in those narratives, combined with other evidence shows that his figure was largely made up, either from scratch or by displacing onto him features that actually belonged to other, relatively obliterated figures. Alfonso I thus became a discourse node, both in the genealogical equipment of Alfonso III and in the wholesale revisión of the Asturian origins that he effected, and whose paramount aspect was the creation of a new historical identity based upon the strengthening of all sort of links with the distant Visigothic monarchy.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
[FR]Les références géographiques présentes dans l’Historia Legionensis (HL) ont souvent été objet de réflexion, soit de la part des éditeurs successifs de l’œuvre, soit dans le cadre de recherches spécifiques. Toutefois, aucune analyse... more
[FR]Les références géographiques présentes dans l’Historia Legionensis (HL) ont souvent été objet de réflexion, soit de la part des éditeurs successifs de l’œuvre, soit dans le cadre de recherches spécifiques. Toutefois, aucune analyse systématique de la spatialité du texte n’a jusqu’ici été réalisée, et l’intérêt que suscite cette question est récent. Ce travail est une tentative de systématisation des références géographiques que l’HL contient. Il se centre sur l’analyse des choronymes et toponymes dont il étudie l’utilisation à la lumière des périodes historiques traitées dans la chronique, et compare l’HL avec la Chronique de Sampiro qui s’y trouve insérée. L’auteur apparaît comme un ecclésiastique très lié à la ville de León comme siège du pouvoir royal, mais qui possède aussi une connaissance personnelle de la ville d’Oviedo et de sa géographie ecclésiastique. Son discours est marqué par un fort néo-wisigothisme qui s’exprime à travers la récupération de la géographie administrative de l’époque wisigothique et son application aux faits narrés, l’accent étant principalement mis sur les règnes de Ferdinand Ier et d’Alphonse VI.
[ES]Las referencias geográficas contenidas en la Historia Legionensis han sido frecuentemente objeto de reflexión, ya en el contexto de las sucesivas ediciones de la obra, ya en el de investigaciones específicas. Sin embargo, carecemos hasta la fecha de un análisis sistemático de la espacialidad del texto, cuestión que sólo recientemente viene suscitando interés. Este trabajo es un ensayo de sistematización de las referencias geográficas contenidas en HL. Se centra en el análisis de los corónimos y los topónimos, comparando HL con la Crónica de Sampiro (inserta en la obra) y contrastando su utilización en los diferentes períodos históricos tratados en HL. El autor se muestra como un eclesiástico muy ligado a la sede regia leonesa, pero con un conocimiento de primera mano de la ciudad de Oviedo y su geografía eclesiástica. Su discurso está marcado por un intenso neogoticismo expresado en una recuperación de la geografía administrativa de época visigoda y su aplicación a los hechos narrados, con especial énfasis en los reinados de Fernando I y Alfonso VI.
[ES]Las referencias geográficas contenidas en la Historia Legionensis han sido frecuentemente objeto de reflexión, ya en el contexto de las sucesivas ediciones de la obra, ya en el de investigaciones específicas. Sin embargo, carecemos hasta la fecha de un análisis sistemático de la espacialidad del texto, cuestión que sólo recientemente viene suscitando interés. Este trabajo es un ensayo de sistematización de las referencias geográficas contenidas en HL. Se centra en el análisis de los corónimos y los topónimos, comparando HL con la Crónica de Sampiro (inserta en la obra) y contrastando su utilización en los diferentes períodos históricos tratados en HL. El autor se muestra como un eclesiástico muy ligado a la sede regia leonesa, pero con un conocimiento de primera mano de la ciudad de Oviedo y su geografía eclesiástica. Su discurso está marcado por un intenso neogoticismo expresado en una recuperación de la geografía administrativa de época visigoda y su aplicación a los hechos narrados, con especial énfasis en los reinados de Fernando I y Alfonso VI.
Research Interests:
Si on demandait à des médiévistes à quand remonte l’intérêt pour l’archéologie médiévale chrétienne en Espagne, une voix critique répondrait qu’on ne sait pas vraiment, même si la majorité penserait aux années 19801. Il ne s’agit pas, en... more
Si on demandait à des médiévistes à quand remonte l’intérêt pour l’archéologie médiévale chrétienne en Espagne, une voix critique répondrait qu’on ne sait pas vraiment, même si la majorité penserait aux années 19801. Il ne s’agit pas, en effet, d’un fait certain, car le processus a été graduel; des pas significatifs avaient été faits puis, dans les années 1980 et 1990, la trajectoire fut moins brillante que ce qu’on lit habituellement. Mais il est certain qu’il eut une notable accélération. Des événements hybrides —entre scientifiques et corporatistes—, comme la création de l’Association espagnole d’archéologie médiévale en 1981 ou la célébration du Ier Congrès d’archéologie médiévale espagnole en 1985, sont considérés par beaucoup comme les clefs de l’apparition d’une archéologie médiévale avec une identité propre en Espagne. Le plus important fut la promulgation, en 1985, de la Loi du patrimoine historique. Ces faits ponctuels contribuent à concrétiser ce qui en réalité était un processus de changement brusque dans le contexte social et scientifique de la pratique de l’archéologie en général et de l’archéologie médiévale en particulier.
Research Interests:
"Este artículo pretende investigar las estructuras políticas y sociales del sector meridional del condado de Castilla en el siglo X, hasta ahora habitualmente entendidas como resultado directo de la expansión castellana sobre unos... more
"Este artículo pretende investigar las estructuras políticas y sociales del sector meridional del condado de Castilla en el siglo X, hasta ahora habitualmente entendidas como resultado directo de la expansión castellana sobre unos territorios anteriormente despoblados. El análisis de las estructuras territoriales abre la puerta a una interpretación centrada en la dialéctica entre procesos de continuidad a largo plazo, que se remontan a la época tardoantigua e incluso más atrás, y alteraciones recientes de gran calado resultantes de la incorporación de estas áreas al condado de Castilla. Un análisis detallado de los procesos históricos que afectan al sector meridional de Castilla entre fines del siglo X y comienzos del XI desaconseja utilizar este caso –como se hace a menudo– a manera de modelo extrapolable a otros espacios peor documentados, y, en cambio, proporciona una interesante muestra de cómo reaccionan unas comunidades de pequeña escala, en función de la presencia o ausencia de un sistema político englobante de escala mayor y sus fluctuaciones. El material analizado también mueve a conside-rar la necesidad de desarrollar enfoques más complejos para abordar la relación entre las divisiones políticas y administrativas –alfoces– y las estructuras sociales subyacentes.
The aim of this article is to explore the social and political structures of the southern fringes of the tenth-century Castilian county. These have long been interpreted as the direct result of the Castilian expansion over thitherto depopulated territories. The analysis of territorial structures, though, makes a case for considering long-term continuities running from the post-Roman period and beyond. The late tenth-century can therefore be reinterpreted as the dialectic result of long-term processes, and very recent, dramatically intense transformations taking place in the aftermath of Castilian expansion. Thorough analysis of the complex historical processes affecting southern Castile from the late tenth to the early eleventh century suggest that these regions should not be taken –as is often done– as a model for other ill-documented areas. It rather provides a unique, extremely interesting picture of how small-scale communities behave in the presence/absence of a large-scale, overlapping political system, such as the County of Castile. The evidence also calls for more complex approaches to the relationship between political/administrative divisions –the so-called "alfoces"– and local society."
The aim of this article is to explore the social and political structures of the southern fringes of the tenth-century Castilian county. These have long been interpreted as the direct result of the Castilian expansion over thitherto depopulated territories. The analysis of territorial structures, though, makes a case for considering long-term continuities running from the post-Roman period and beyond. The late tenth-century can therefore be reinterpreted as the dialectic result of long-term processes, and very recent, dramatically intense transformations taking place in the aftermath of Castilian expansion. Thorough analysis of the complex historical processes affecting southern Castile from the late tenth to the early eleventh century suggest that these regions should not be taken –as is often done– as a model for other ill-documented areas. It rather provides a unique, extremely interesting picture of how small-scale communities behave in the presence/absence of a large-scale, overlapping political system, such as the County of Castile. The evidence also calls for more complex approaches to the relationship between political/administrative divisions –the so-called "alfoces"– and local society."
Research Interests:
The social vocabulary in the seventh-century 'Vita Sancti Aemiliani', by Braulius of Zaragoza is analysed. All terms describing relations of social dependence are identified and discussed.
Research Interests:
This paper compares the territorial structures in the County of Castile and the "territorium Legionensis" (the area surrounding the city of León) in the 9th-11th centuries. The first is defined as a political periphery and the second as a... more
This paper compares the territorial structures in the County of Castile and the "territorium Legionensis" (the area surrounding the city of León) in the 9th-11th centuries. The first is defined as a political periphery and the second as a centre, in terms of the king's capacities for direct territorial intervention. The analysis follows a double perspective: a) that of the local populations, by discussing local communities and their supralocal articulations; b) that of the higher powers, by considering the role played by royal districts, bishoprics and aristocratic powers in shaping territoriality in those regions.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
... Después de la investigación: Una experiencia pedagógica en torno al patrimonio arqueológico. Autores: Julio Escalona Monge; Localización: Actas del XXI Congreso Nacional de Arqueología, Vol. 2, 1995, ISBN 84-7753-672-4 , págs.... more
... Después de la investigación: Una experiencia pedagógica en torno al patrimonio arqueológico. Autores: Julio Escalona Monge; Localización: Actas del XXI Congreso Nacional de Arqueología, Vol. 2, 1995, ISBN 84-7753-672-4 , págs. 375-384. Fundación Dialnet. ...
How were early medieval people connected to each other and to the wider world? In this collection, archaeologists and historians working in very different areas of early medieval Europe explore diverse evidence—from landscape and burial... more
How were early medieval people connected to each other and to the wider world? In this collection, archaeologists and historians working in very different areas of early medieval Europe explore diverse evidence—from landscape and burial archaeology to charters and chronicles—to discuss the relationships that constituted neighbourhoods and the roles these played in the processes of state formation that can be observed in the peripheries of the Frankish world. What these case-studies teach us, the contributors argue, is that polities are formed not through the exclusive operation of either top-down or bottom-up agencies, but from the interplay between them. By exploring the ways in which local knowledge, social ties, and understandings of landscape interacted with higher-level authorities and institutions, can we gain real insights into the nature of early medieval power and people’s experiences of it.
Marking the culmination of a collective effort that has spanned over a decade and three funded projects, this volume brings together case-studies from Spain, Italy, England, northern Frankia, Norway, and Iceland to offer a comparative view of polities and neighbourhoods in early medieval Europe. Drawing on new research, and offering new perspectives driven by an interdisciplinary approach, this volume is of relevance to a range of disciplines including archaeology, history, onomastics, geography, and anthropology.
Marking the culmination of a collective effort that has spanned over a decade and three funded projects, this volume brings together case-studies from Spain, Italy, England, northern Frankia, Norway, and Iceland to offer a comparative view of polities and neighbourhoods in early medieval Europe. Drawing on new research, and offering new perspectives driven by an interdisciplinary approach, this volume is of relevance to a range of disciplines including archaeology, history, onomastics, geography, and anthropology.
Research Interests:
Los trabajos reunidos en este libro fueron presentados en un Seminario que tuvo lugar en la Casa de Velázquez de Madrid durante los días 13-14 de diciembre del 2001, fruto de la colaboración entre la École des Hautes Études Hispaniques... more
Los trabajos reunidos en este libro fueron presentados en un Seminario que tuvo lugar en la Casa de Velázquez de Madrid durante los días 13-14 de diciembre del 2001, fruto de la colaboración entre la École des Hautes Études Hispaniques Casa de Velázquez (Madrid), el SIREM (Séminaire Interdisciplinaire de Recherches sur l’Espagne Médiévale) GDR 2378, CNRS y el Instituto de Historia del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Madrid). El Coloquio fue parte de las actividades del Proyecto "Lucha y legitimación política en León-Castilla (siglos X-XV)", dirigido por Isabel Alfonso (IH-CSIC).
Una de las más fecundas líneas de renovación de la historia política tradicional es la que, sin abandonar el estudio de normas e instituciones, se centra en el análisis de los procesos, variados, complejos y conflictivos, por los cuales se genera, mantiene y reproduce el poder, y en el estudio de sus medios de control y distribución. El objeto del proyecto de investigación que está en el origen de este libro fue identificar las formas en que se libraba la lucha política inherente a esos procesos, así como los modos, materiales y simbólicos, por los que se veía legitimada en las sociedades medievales.
Una de las más fecundas líneas de renovación de la historia política tradicional es la que, sin abandonar el estudio de normas e instituciones, se centra en el análisis de los procesos, variados, complejos y conflictivos, por los cuales se genera, mantiene y reproduce el poder, y en el estudio de sus medios de control y distribución. El objeto del proyecto de investigación que está en el origen de este libro fue identificar las formas en que se libraba la lucha política inherente a esos procesos, así como los modos, materiales y simbólicos, por los que se veía legitimada en las sociedades medievales.
Research Interests:
CENTRO DE CIENCIAS HUMANAS Y SOCIALES - CSIC C/ Albasanz, 26-28; 28037 MADRID Jueves, 28 de febrero de 2019; 11:00 h. SALA «JUAN CABRÉ» (2D7) Entrada libre hasta completar aforo A new session of our seminar series "Cartularios y... more
CENTRO DE CIENCIAS HUMANAS Y SOCIALES - CSIC
C/ Albasanz, 26-28; 28037 MADRID
Jueves, 28 de febrero de 2019; 11:00 h.
SALA «JUAN CABRÉ» (2D7)
Entrada libre hasta completar aforo
A new session of our seminar series "Cartularios y Contextos Históricos". This time we have two speakers from Burgos University presenting fresh research about two important Castilian cartularies: the famous Becerro Gótico of Cardeña (Spain's earliest great cartulary) and the one from Froncea, a yet unpublished and almost unexplored cartulary from this region.
Organised by Julio Escalona (Instituto de Historia-CSIC); MEDhis
C/ Albasanz, 26-28; 28037 MADRID
Jueves, 28 de febrero de 2019; 11:00 h.
SALA «JUAN CABRÉ» (2D7)
Entrada libre hasta completar aforo
A new session of our seminar series "Cartularios y Contextos Históricos". This time we have two speakers from Burgos University presenting fresh research about two important Castilian cartularies: the famous Becerro Gótico of Cardeña (Spain's earliest great cartulary) and the one from Froncea, a yet unpublished and almost unexplored cartulary from this region.
Organised by Julio Escalona (Instituto de Historia-CSIC); MEDhis
Research Interests:
CENTRO DE CIENCIAS HUMANAS Y SOCIALES -CSIC
2 - Nov - 2017
Sala "José Castillejo"
10:00 h.
2 - Nov - 2017
Sala "José Castillejo"
10:00 h.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
SPEAKERS: - Eduardo MANZANO - Instituto de Historia-CSIC - Alberto CANTO – U. Autónoma de Madrid - Julio ESCALONA - Instituto de Historia-CSIC - Álvaro CARVAJAL – University College Dublin - Wendy DAVIES - Oxford University / University... more
SPEAKERS:
- Eduardo MANZANO - Instituto de Historia-CSIC
- Alberto CANTO – U. Autónoma de Madrid
- Julio ESCALONA - Instituto de Historia-CSIC
- Álvaro CARVAJAL – University College Dublin
- Wendy DAVIES - Oxford University / University College London
Friday 12th February 2016, 11:00 AM
Sala “Juan Cabré” (2D7/21), Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales – CSIC (C/ Albasanz 26-28, 28037 MADRID. SPAIN)
Free Access as long as seats are available
Organized by Julio Escalona (IH-CSIC)
Contact: julio.escalona@cchs.csic.es
- Eduardo MANZANO - Instituto de Historia-CSIC
- Alberto CANTO – U. Autónoma de Madrid
- Julio ESCALONA - Instituto de Historia-CSIC
- Álvaro CARVAJAL – University College Dublin
- Wendy DAVIES - Oxford University / University College London
Friday 12th February 2016, 11:00 AM
Sala “Juan Cabré” (2D7/21), Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales – CSIC (C/ Albasanz 26-28, 28037 MADRID. SPAIN)
Free Access as long as seats are available
Organized by Julio Escalona (IH-CSIC)
Contact: julio.escalona@cchs.csic.es
Research Interests: Medieval Iberian History, Early Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval History, Early Medieval Economy, Medieval History of Spain, and 7 moreKingdom of Leon, History and archaeology of al-Andalus, Frontier Counties of the Kingdom of Asturias-León (9th-11th centuries), Kingdom of Asturias-León (8th-11th centuries), Early Medieval Coins, Medieval Justice, and Latin Medieval Charters
The detailed study of the oldest charter in the AHNOB collection (dated 943) reveals that it is actually a twelfth-century forgery aimed at serving as proof in a lawsuit of 1175. Research by Julio Escalona and Sonia Serna. Presentation... more
The detailed study of the oldest charter in the AHNOB collection (dated 943) reveals that it is actually a twelfth-century forgery aimed at serving as proof in a lawsuit of 1175.
Research by Julio Escalona and Sonia Serna.
Presentation with Aranzazu Lafuente and Christian Pardo
Research by Julio Escalona and Sonia Serna.
Presentation with Aranzazu Lafuente and Christian Pardo
Research Interests:
A conversation about the County of Castile (9th-11th c.), its emergence, its territorial expansion, the workings of power and rulership, and the fictionalization of the period and its main characters in the central middle ages.... more
A conversation about the County of Castile (9th-11th c.), its emergence, its territorial expansion, the workings of power and rulership, and the fictionalization of the period and its main characters in the central middle ages.
(29/06/2020)
(29/06/2020)