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기획, 편집, 검토; 조은사람 좋은문제 지광모 선생

네이버 카페 [강한 영어학원 만들기] 조은사람 좋은문제

 고1 모의고사 2025-06월 변형문제

│20번│ │20번│

1. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?1) 3. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이

적절하지 않은 것은?3)
People often ask me, “What surprises you most about
habits?” One thing that continually astonishes me is the People often ask me, “What surprises you most about
degree to which we’re influenced by sheer convenience. habits?” One thing that continually ① astonishes me is
The amount of effort, time, or decision making required the degree to which we’re influenced by sheer
by an action has a huge influence on habit formation. To convenience. The amount of effort, time, or decision
a truly remarkable extent, we’re more likely to do some- making required by an action has a huge influence on
thing if it’s convenient, and less likely if it’s not. For this habit ② formation. To a truly remarkable extent, we’re
reason, we should pay close attention to the convenience more likely to do something if it’s ③ convenient, and less
of any activity we want to make into a habit. Putting a likely if it’s not. For this reason, we should pay close at-
wastebasket next to our front door made mail sorting tention to the convenience of any activity we want to
slightly more convenient, and I stopped procrastinating make into a habit. Putting a wastebasket next to our front
with this chore. Many people report that they do a much door made mail sorting slightly more convenient, and I
better job of staying close to distant family members ④ stopped procrastinating with this chore. Many people
now that tools like group chats make it easy to stay in report that they do a much better job of staying close to
touch. distant family members now that tools like group chats
make it ⑤ hard to stay in touch.
① Group Chats Help People Maintain Relationships
② Convenience Influences Our Ability to Form Habits
③ People Develop Habits Mainly due to Peer Pressure
④ Technology Is the Best Way to Avoid Procrastination
⑤ Habits Are Built through Inconvenience and Resistance

│20번│

4. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가

장 적절한 곳은?4)
│20번│ For this reason, we should pay close attention to the
2. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?2) convenience of any activity we want to make into a
habit.
People often ask me, “What surprises you most about
habits?” One thing that continually astonishes me is the
degree to ① what we’re influenced by sheer convenience. People often ask me, “What surprises you most about
The amount of effort, time, or decision making ② re- habits?”( ① ) One thing that continually astonishes me
quired by an action has a huge influence on habit is the degree to which we’re influenced by sheer
formation. To a truly remarkable extent, we’re more like- convenience. ( ② ) The amount of effort, time, or deci-
ly ③ to do something if it’s convenient, and less likely if sion making required by an action has a huge influence
it’s not. For this reason, we should pay close attention to on habit formation. ( ③ ) To a truly remarkable extent,
the convenience of any activity we want to make into a we’re more likely to do something if it’s convenient,
habit. Putting a wastebasket next to our front door made and less likely if it’s not. ( ④ ) Putting a wastebasket
mail sorting ④ slightly more convenient, and I stopped next to our front door made mail sorting slightly more
procrastinating with this chore. Many people report that convenient, and I stopped procrastinating with this
they do a much better job of staying close to distant fam- chore. ( ⑤ ) Many people report that they do a much
ily members now that tools like group chats make ⑤ it better job of staying close to distant family members
hard to stay in touch. now that tools like group chats make it easy to stay in
touch.

네이버 카페[강한 영어학원 만들기] 지광모 선생

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 고1 모의고사 2025-06월 변형문제

│21번│ │21번│

5. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?5) 7. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이

적절하지 않은 것은?7)
It is common sense that people’s inner beliefs may
drive their external behavior. If you’re attracted to a cer- It is common sense that people’s inner beliefs may
tain person, you should be more likely to socialize with drive their external behavior. If you’re attracted to a cer-
that person. If you favor a brand of toothpaste, you’re tain person, you should be more likely to ① socialize
more likely to buy it. Of course, our internal thoughts with that person. If you favor a brand of toothpaste,
don’t always predict our public behavior, but, overall, you’re more likely to buy it. Of course, our internal
what we do obviously reflects what we think. But beliefs thoughts don’t always predict our public behavior, but,
and behaviors are also related in a more remarkable overall, what we do obviously ② conceals what we think.
way. It turns out that the arrow is as likely to point in the But beliefs and behaviors are also ③ related in a more
reverse direction. As social psychologist David Myers remarkable way. It turns out that the arrow is as likely to
observes, “If social psychology has taught us anything point in the ④ reverse direction. As social psychologist
during the last 25 years, it is that we are likely not only David Myers observes, “If social psychology has taught
to think ourselves into a way of acting but also to act us anything during the last 25 years, it is that we are
ourselves into a way of thinking.” likely not only to think ourselves into a way of ⑤ acting
but also to act ourselves into a way of thinking.”
① the importance of thinking before socializing
② the role of positive emotion in shaping action
③ the influence of people’s beliefs on their behavior
④ the unlikelihood of changing beliefs through action
⑤ the mutual relationship between belief and behavior

│21번│
│21번│
6. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 단어 (A)-(D) 중, 어법상 틀린
8. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가
단어 세 개를 찾고 바르게 고쳐 쓰시오??6)
장 적절한 곳은?8)
It is common sense that people’s inner beliefs may
But beliefs and behaviors are also related in a more re-
drive their external behavior. If you (A) attract to a cer-
markable way.
tain person, you should be more likely to socialize with
that person. If you favor a brand of toothpaste, you’re
more likely to buy it. Of course, our internal thoughts It is common sense that people’s inner beliefs may
don’t always predict our public behavior, but, overall, drive their external behavior. ( ① ) If you’re attracted to
(B) that we do obviously reflects what we think. But be- a certain person, you should be more likely to socialize
liefs and behaviors are also related in a more remarkable with that person. ( ② ) If you favor a brand of tooth-
way. It turns out that the arrow is as (C) likely to point in paste, you’re more likely to buy it. ( ③ ) Of course, our
the reverse direction. As social psychologist David internal thoughts don’t always predict our public be-
Myers observes, “If social psychology has taught us any- havior, but, overall, what we do obviously reflects what
thing during the last 25 years, it is (D) what we are likely we think. ( ④ ) It turns out that the arrow is as likely to
not only to think ourselves into a way of acting but also point in the reverse direction. ( ⑤ ) As social psycholo-
to act ourselves into a way of thinking.” gist David Myers observes, “If social psychology has
taught us anything during the last 25 years, it is that we
1) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________ are likely not only to think ourselves into a way of acting
2) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________ but also to act ourselves into a way of thinking.”
3) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________

네이버 카페[강한 영어학원 만들기] 지광모 선생

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│22번│ │22번│

9. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?9) 11. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임

이 적절하지 않은 것은?11)
Imagine following the spirit of a silence vow into daily
life. Challenge yourself to spend an entire day saying on- Imagine following the spirit of a silence vow into daily
ly what you absolutely must say. It’s been widely ob- life. Challenge yourself to spend an entire day saying on-
served by behavioral psychology experts — and anyone ly what you absolutely must say. It’s been widely ob-
who’s ever been on a first date — that we too often tend served by behavioral psychology experts — and anyone
to treat “conversation” as a game of waiting for our own who’s ever been on a first date — that we too often tend
turn to speak. We miss what’s being said because we’re to treat “conversation” as a game of waiting for our own
mentally rehearsing our next utterance. What if you turn to speak. We ① miss what’s being said because
could eliminate the idea that the next available mini-si- we’re mentally rehearsing our next utterance. What if
lence is your next opening to express whatever is in your you could ② eliminate the idea that the next available
head? What if you were limited to, say, fifty spoken mini-silence is your next opening to express whatever
words tomorrow? I think you’d listen quite differently. is in your head? What if you were ③ limited to, say, fif-
You’d attend quite carefully to every word you heard. ty spoken words tomorrow? I think you’d listen quite
You’d be attuned to what you must respond to. You ④ differently. You’d attend quite carefully to every word
might discover that the less you say, the more you hear. you heard. You’d be attuned to what you must respond
to. You might discover that the ⑤ more you say, the
① Use of Silence as a Communication Strategy more you hear.
② Negative Impact of Silence on Communication
③ The Benefits of Fewer Words for Better Listening
④ Importance of Practicing Conversation like a Game
⑤ The Importance of Speaking Carefully in Conversation │22번│

12. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절

한 것은?12)
Imagine following the spirit of a silence vow into daily
life. Challenge yourself to spend an entire day saying on-
ly what you absolutely must say.
│22번│

10. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?10)

(A) We miss what’s being said because we’re mentally re-
Imagine following the spirit of a silence vow into daily hearsing our next utterance. What if you could elimi-
life. Challenge ① yourself to spend an entire day saying nate the idea that the next available mini-silence is
only what you absolutely must say. It’s been widely ob- your next opening to express whatever is in your
served by behavioral psychology experts ― and anyone head? What if you were limited to, say, fifty spoken
who’s ever been on a first date — ② that we too often words tomorrow?
tend to treat “conversation” as a game of waiting for our (B) It’s been widely observed by behavioral psychology
own turn to speak. We miss what’s being said because experts — and anyone who’s ever been on a first date
we’re mentally rehearsing our next utterance. What if — that we too often tend to treat “conversation” as a
you could eliminate the idea ③ which the next available game of waiting for our own turn to speak.
mini-silence is your next opening to express whatever is (C) I think you’d listen quite differently. You’d attend
in your head? What if you ④ were limited to, say, fifty quite carefully to every word you heard. You’d be at-
spoken words tomorrow? I think you’d listen quite tuned to what you must respond to. You might dis-
differently. You’d attend quite carefully to every word cover that the less you say, the more you hear.
you heard. You’d be attuned to ⑤ what you must re-
spond to. You might discover that the less you say, the ① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
more you hear. ③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

네이버 카페[강한 영어학원 만들기] 지광모 선생

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 고1 모의고사 2025-06월 변형문제

│23번│ │23번│

13. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?13) 14. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 문장 (A)-(D) 중, 어법상 틀

린 문장 세 개를 찾고 틀린 부분을 바르게 고쳐
Science is concerned with accumulating and under-
쓰시오.?14)
standing observations of the physical world. That under-
standing alone solves no problems. Individual people (A) Science is concerned with accumulating and under-
have to act on that understanding for it to help solve stands observations of the physical world. That under-
problems. For instance, science has found that regular standing alone solves no problems. (B) Individual people
exercise can lower your risk of heart disease. Knowing have to act on that understanding for it helping solve
this fact is interesting, but it will do nothing for your problems. For instance, science has found that regular
personal health unless you act on it and actually exercise can lower your risk of heart disease. (C) Knowing
exercise. And that’s the hard part. Reading an article this fact is interesting, but it will do nothing for your
about exercise is easy. Getting into an actual routine of personal health unless you act on it and actually exercise.
regular exercise is harder. In this sense, science really And that’s the hard part. Reading an article about ex-
solves no problems at all. Problems are only solved ercise is easy. Getting into an actual routine of regular
when people take the knowledge provided by science exercise is harder. In this sense, science really solves no
and use it. In fact, many of humanity’s biggest problems problems at all. (D) Problems are only solved when peo-
are caused by lack of action, and not lack of knowledge. ple take the knowledge provided by science and used it.
In fact, many of humanity’s biggest problems are caused
① How to Build a Routine through Exercise by lack of action, and not lack of knowledge.
② The Difference between Action and Knowledge
③ The Challenge of Applying Scientific Discoveries 1) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________
④ Understanding Observations of the Physical World 2) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________
⑤ Problem Solving through Putting Knowledge into Action 3) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________

│23번│

15. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임

이 적절하지 않은 것은?15)
Science is concerned with accumulating and under-
standing observations of the physical world. That under-
standing alone solves no problems. Individual people
have to act on that understanding for it to ① help solve
problems. For instance, science has found that regular
exercise can ② lower your risk of heart disease.
Knowing this fact is interesting, but it will do nothing for
your personal health unless you act on it and actually
exercise. And that’s the hard part. Reading an article
about exercise is easy. Getting into an actual routine of
regular exercise is ③ harder. In this sense, science really
solves no problems at all. Problems are only solved
when people ④ reject the knowledge provided by sci-
ence and use it. In fact, many of humanity’s biggest
problems are caused by lack of ⑤ action, and not lack of
knowledge.

네이버 카페[강한 영어학원 만들기] 지광모 선생

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 고1 모의고사 2025-06월 변형문제

│23번│ │24번│

16. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 18. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 단어 (A)-(D) 중, 어법상 틀
가장 적절한 곳은?16) 린 단어 세 개를 찾고 바르게 고쳐 쓰시오?18)
In this sense, science really solves no problems at all. We think we’re being logical, objective, and rational —
and therefore accurate in our analysis, judgment, and
Science is concerned with accumulating and under- decisions. So we think that if other people are logical,
standing observations of the physical world. That under- objective, and rational, they will agree with us and see
standing alone solves no problems. ( ① ) Individual peo- (A) what we see. But the opposite is the case. Every hu-
ple have to act on that understanding for it to help solve man brain is different. Everyone’s life experience is
problems. For instance, science has found that regular different. Everyone’s desires and knowledge are
exercise can lower your risk of heart disease. ( ② ) different. You might think you’re being realistic — that
Knowing this fact is interesting, but it will do nothing for is, (B) which your ideas match reality, but that’s
your personal health unless you act on it and actually impossible. It’s only your interpretation of reality, (C) that
exercise. ( ③ ) And that’s the hard part. Reading an ar- will always be different from someone else’s. When two
ticle about exercise is easy. Getting into an actual rou- nations play each other in the World Cup, the fans of
tine of regular exercise is harder. ( ④ ) Problems are on- each country (D) criticizing the referees for missing all
ly solved when people take the knowledge provided by the infractions that the other team commits. Without
science and use it. ( ⑤ ) In fact, many of humanity’s big- fail, each fan base believes that the referees are biased
gest problems are caused by lack of action, and not lack against their team.
of knowledge.
1) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________
2) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________
3) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________

│24번│

17. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?17)

We think we’re being logical, objective, and rational —

│24번│
and therefore accurate in our analysis, judgment, and
decisions. So we think that if other people are logical, 19. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임
objective, and rational, they will agree with us and see 이 적절하지 않은 것은?19)
what we see. But the opposite is the case. Every human We think we’re being logical, objective, and rational —
brain is different. Everyone’s life experience is different. and therefore ① accurate in our analysis, judgment, and
Everyone’s desires and knowledge are different. You decisions. So we think that if other people are logical,
might think you’re being realistic — that is, that your objective, and rational, they will ② agree with us and see
ideas match reality, but that’s impossible. It’s only your what we see. But the opposite is the case. Every human
interpretation of reality, which will always be different brain is different. Everyone’s life experience is different.
from someone else’s. When two nations play each other Everyone’s desires and knowledge are different. You
in the World Cup, the fans of each country criticize the might think you’re being realistic — that is, that your
referees for missing all the infractions that the other ideas match reality, but that’s ③ possible. It’s only your
team commits. Without fail, each fan base believes that interpretation of reality, which will always be different
the referees are biased against their team. from someone else’s. When two nations play each other
in the World Cup, the fans of each country ④ criticize
① The Role of Referees in International Sports the referees for missing all the infractions that the other
② Subjective Interpretations of Objective Reality team commits. Without fail, each fan base believes that
③ The Importance of Being Logical and Objective the referees are ⑤ biased against their team.
④ Why Global Conflicts between Nations Continue
⑤ The Science behind Individual Brain Differences

네이버 카페[강한 영어학원 만들기] 지광모 선생

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│24번│ │29번│

20. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 22. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 단어 (A)-(D) 중, 어법상 틀
가장 적절한 곳은?20) 린 단어 세 개를 찾고 바르게 고쳐 쓰시오.22)
It’s only your interpretation of reality, which will always Studies of experts provide insight into (A) that it means
be different from someone else’s. to have deep and flexible understanding. Experts in a
particular domain (B) are people who have deep, richly
We think we’re being logical, objective, and rational — interconnected ideas about the world. They are not just
and therefore accurate in our analysis, judgment, and good thinkers or people who are exceptionally smart.
decisions. ( ① ) So we think that if other people are logi- Rather, experts have knowledge in a specific domain ―
cal, objective, and rational, they will agree with us and such as chess, chemistry, or tennis ― and are not
see what we see. ( ② ) But the opposite is the case. Every generalists. However, experts do not just know “a bunch
human brain is different. Everyone’s life experience is of facts.” In fact, having expertise in a topic (C) meaning
different. Everyone’s desires and knowledge are that knowledge is organized into coherent frameworks,
different. ( ③ ) You might think you’re being realistic — and the expert understands the inter-relationship be-
that is, that your ideas match reality, but that’s tween facts and can distinguish which ideas are most
impossible. ( ④ ) When two nations play each other in central. This kind of deep but organized understanding
the World Cup, the fans of each country criticize the ref- (D) allowing for greater flexibility in learning and facili-
erees for missing all the infractions that the other team tates application across multiple contexts.
commits. ( ⑤ ) Without fail, each fan base believes that
the referees are biased against their team. 1) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________
2) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________
3) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________

│29번│

21. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?21) │29번│

23. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임

Studies of experts provide insight into what it means to
이 적절하지 않은 것은?23)
have deep and flexible understanding. Experts in a par-
ticular domain are people who have deep, richly inter- Studies of experts provide insight into what it means
connected ideas about the world. They are not just good to have deep and flexible understanding. Experts in a
thinkers or people who are exceptionally smart. Rather, ① particular domain are people who have deep, richly
experts have knowledge in a specific domain ― such as interconnected ideas about the world. They are not just
chess, chemistry, or tennis ― and are not generalists. good thinkers or people who are exceptionally ② smart.
However, experts do not just know “a bunch of facts.” In Rather, experts have knowledge in a ③ universal do-
fact, having expertise in a topic means that knowledge is main ― such as chess, chemistry, or tennis ― and are
organized into coherent frameworks, and the expert un- not generalists. However, experts do not just know “a
derstands the inter-relationship between facts and can bunch of facts.” In fact, having expertise in a topic
distinguish which ideas are most central. This kind of means that knowledge is organized into coherent frame-
deep but organized understanding allows for greater works, and the expert understands the inter-relation-
flexibility in learning and facilitates application across ship between facts and can ④ distinguish which ideas
multiple contexts. are most central. This kind of deep but organized un-
derstanding allows for greater flexibility in learning and
① Experts Prefer Facts over Understanding ⑤ facilitates application across multiple contexts.
② Expertise: Built on Non-Specific Intelligence
③ What Makes Experts Different: Beyond Facts
④ The Power of Coherent Knowledge in Generalists
⑤ Why Generalists Outperform Specialists in Learning

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24. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절 25. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?25)

한 것은?24)
It is natural for people to observe happenings and then
Studies of experts provide insight into what it means to seek explanations for why those happenings occurred.
have deep and flexible understanding. Experts in a par- But sometimes the reasoning is wrong because of one or
ticular domain are people who have deep, richly inter- more misconceptions. One of these is the ecological fal-
connected ideas about the world. lacy, where an argument claims that there is a causal re-
lationship between two things merely because they oc-
(A) This kind of deep but organized understanding allows cur together. For example, in the 1950s it was found that
for greater flexibility in learning and facilitates appli- crime rates were the highest in neighborhoods where
cation across multiple contexts. immigrants were most numerous. Some people used
(B) They are not just good thinkers or people who are ex- this “co-occurrence” to argue that immigrants were a
ceptionally smart. Rather, experts have knowledge in cause of crime. But a careful analysis of this situation re-
a specific domain ― such as chess, chemistry, or ten- vealed that immigrants were forced to live in neighbor-
nis ― and are not generalists. hoods where crime rates were already high; they could
(C) However, experts do not just know “a bunch of facts.” not afford more expensive housing in safer
In fact, having expertise in a topic means that knowl- neighborhoods. Immigrants themselves committed very
edge is organized into coherent frameworks, and the few of the crimes. Unless you analyze the claim care-
expert understands the inter-relationship between fully, you would misinterpret the relationship and there-
facts and can distinguish which ideas are most by construct a faulty belief.
central.
① the positive impact of immigrants on society
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ② the importance of observation in scientific study
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B) ③ the impact of immigration on urban crime rates
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) ④ crime rate patterns across different neighborhoods
⑤ the danger of assuming causation from co-occurrence

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26. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?26) 28. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에

가장 적절한 곳은?28)
It is natural for people to observe happenings and then
seek explanations for why those happenings occurred. But a careful analysis of this situation revealed that im-
But sometimes the reasoning is wrong because of one or migrants were forced to live in neighborhoods where
more misconceptions. One of these is the ecological fal- crime rates were already high; they could not afford
lacy, ① which an argument claims that there is a causal more expensive housing in safer neighborhoods.
relationship between two things merely because they oc-
cur together. For example, in the 1950s it was found that It is natural for people to observe happenings and then
crime rates were the highest in neighborhoods ② where seek explanations for why those happenings occurred.
immigrants were most numerous. Some people used But sometimes the reasoning is wrong because of one or
this “co-occurrence” ③ to argue that immigrants were a more misconceptions. ( ① ) One of these is the eco-
cause of crime. But a careful analysis of this situation re- logical fallacy, where an argument claims that there is a
vealed that immigrants were forced to live in neighbor- causal relationship between two things merely because
hoods where crime rates were already high; they could they occur together. ( ② ) For example, in the 1950s it
not afford more expensive housing in safer was found that crime rates were the highest in neighbor-
neighborhoods. Immigrants ④ themselves committed hoods where immigrants were most numerous. ( ③) Some
very few of the crimes. Unless you analyze the claim people used this “co-occurrence” to argue that immigrants
carefully, you would misinterpret the relationship and were a cause of crime. ( ④ ) Immigrants themselves com-
thereby ⑤ construct a faulty belief. mitted very few of the crimes. ( ⑤ ) Unless you analyze
the claim carefully, you would misinterpret the relation-
ship and thereby construct a faulty belief.

│30번│

27. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임

이 적절하지 않은 것은?27)
It is natural for people to observe happenings and then
seek explanations for why those happenings occurred.
But sometimes the reasoning is wrong because of one or
more misconceptions. One of these is the ecological fal-
lacy, where an argument claims that there is a ① causal
relationship between two things merely because they oc-
cur together. For example, in the 1950s it was found that
crime rates were the highest in neighborhoods where
immigrants were most ② numerous. Some people used
this “co-occurrence” to argue that immigrants were a
cause of crime. But a careful analysis of this situation re-
vealed that immigrants were ③ willing to live in neigh-
borhoods where crime rates were already high; they
could not afford more expensive housing in ④ safer
neighborhoods. Immigrants themselves committed very
⑤ few of the crimes. Unless you analyze the claim care-
fully, you would misinterpret the relationship and there-
by construct a faulty belief.

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29. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절 30. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?30)

한 것은?29)
In everyday life, we use previous experience to predict
It is natural for people to observe happenings and then where we should pay attention. Different environments
seek explanations for why those happenings occurred. create different expectations. This was profoundly illus-
But sometimes the reasoning is wrong because of one or trated by the scientist Jared Diamond in his book Guns,
more misconceptions. One of these is the ecological fal- Germs, and Steel. He describes an adventure wandering
lacy, where an argument claims that there is a causal re- through the New Guinea jungle with native New
lationship between two things merely because they oc- Guineans. He relates that these natives tend to perform
cur together. poorly at tasks Westerners have been trained to do since
childhood. But they are hardly stupid. They can detect
(A) Immigrants themselves committed very few of the the most subtle changes in the jungle, good for following
crimes. Unless you analyze the claim carefully, you the tracks of a predator or for finding the way back
would misinterpret the relationship and thereby con- home. They know which insects to leave alone, know
struct a faulty belief. where food exists, can build and tear down shelters with
(B) For example, in the 1950s it was found that crime ease. Diamond, who had never spent time in such pla-
rates were the highest in neighborhoods where immi- ces, has no ability to pay attention to these things. Were
grants were most numerous. Some people used this he to be tested on such tasks, he also would perform
“co-occurrence” to argue that immigrants were a poorly.
cause of crime.
(C) But a careful analysis of this situation revealed that ① The Role of Environment in Shaping Human Attention
immigrants were forced to live in neighborhoods ② The Importance of Previous Experience in Learning
where crime rates were already high; they could not ③ Surviving the Jungle: A Tale of Instinct and Danger
afford more expensive housing in safer ④ Why Westerners Fail to Adapt in Natural Settings
neighborhoods. ⑤ Comparing Intelligence Levels Across Cultures

① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

│31번│
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
31. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?31)

In everyday life, we use previous experience to predict

where we should pay attention. Different environments
create different expectations. This was profoundly illus-
trated by the scientist Jared Diamond in his book Guns,
Germs, and Steel. He describes an adventure ① wan-
dering through the New Guinea jungle with native
New Guineans. He relates ② what these natives tend
to perform poorly at tasks Westerners have been
trained to do since childhood. But they are hardly
stupid. They can detect the most subtle changes in the
jungle, ③ good for following the tracks of a predator or
for finding the way back home. They know which insects
to leave alone, know where food exists, can build and
tear down shelters with ease. Diamond, who had never
spent time in such places, ④ has no ability to pay atten-
tion to these things. Were he ⑤ to be tested on such
tasks, he also would perform poorly.

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32. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 34. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?34)

이 적절하지 않은 것은?32)
Most entrepreneurs put in tremendous amounts of
In everyday life, we use previous experience to predict time and effort in creating and launching new products
where we should pay attention. Different environments and services and then make the mistake of overpricing
create ① different expectations. This was profoundly il- them. They have created something they care deeply
lustrated by the scientist Jared Diamond in his book about, it’s theirs, and this powerful sense of ownership
Guns, Germs, and Steel. He describes an adventure distorts their perception of value which causes them to
wandering through the New Guinea jungle with native overprice their products. While many of them are quick
New Guineans. He relates that these natives tend to per- to realize that their initial prices are too high, not all
form ② poorly at tasks Westerners have been trained to these people are happy or willing to drop their prices to
do since childhood. But they are hardly ③ stupid. They make their products more attractive. And this can be a
can ④ ignore the most subtle changes in the jungle, very costly mistake that may lead to the failure of their
good for following the tracks of a predator or for finding new business. When you launch a new product or serv-
the way back home. They know which insects to leave ice, your priority should be to get sufficient market
alone, know where food exists, can build and tear down adoption as soon as possible and you should be ready to
shelters with ⑤ ease. Diamond, who had never spent sacrifice your initial prices and profits to achieve this
time in such places, has no ability to pay attention to aim. Once you have strong sales volumes, you can in-
these things. Were he to be tested on such tasks, he also crease your prices to maximize your profits.
would perform poorly.
① Market Challenges for New Products
② Overpricing Strategies for Luxury Products
③ Causes of Pricing Issues in Global Business
④ Customer Behavior in the Face of Overpricing
⑤ Overpricing Mistakes in New Product Launches

│31번│

33. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에

가장 적절한 곳은?33)
Diamond, who had never spent time in such places, has
no ability to pay attention to these things.

In everyday life, we use previous experience to predict

where we should pay attention. Different environments
create different expectations. This was profoundly illus-
trated by the scientist Jared Diamond in his book Guns,
Germs, and Steel. ( ① ) He describes an adventure wan-
dering through the New Guinea jungle with native New
Guineans. ( ② ) He relates that these natives tend to
perform poorly at tasks Westerners have been trained to
do since childhood. But they are hardly stupid. ( ③ ) They
can detect the most subtle changes in the jungle, good
for following the tracks of a predator or for finding the
way back home. ( ④ ) They know which insects to leave
alone, know where food exists, can build and tear down
shelters with ease. ( ⑤ ) Were he to be tested on such
tasks, he also would perform poorly.

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35. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 단어 (A)-(D) 중, 어법상 틀 37. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
린 단어 세 개를 찾고 바르게 고쳐 쓰시오.35) 가장 적절한 곳은?37)
Most entrepreneurs put in tremendous amounts of While many of them are quick to realize that their initial
time and effort in creating and (A) launch new products prices are too high, not all these people are happy or
and services and then make the mistake of overpricing willing to drop their prices to make their products more
them. They have created something they care deeply attractive.
about, it’s theirs, and this powerful sense of ownership
distorts their perception of value which causes them to Most entrepreneurs put in tremendous amounts of
overprice their products. While many of them are quick time and effort in creating and launching new products
to realize (B) what their initial prices are too high, not all and services and then make the mistake of overpricing
these people are happy or willing to drop their prices to them. ( ① ) They have created something they care
make their products more attractive. And this can be a deeply about, it’s theirs, and this powerful sense of own-
very costly mistake (C) that may lead to the failure of ership distorts their perception of value which causes
their new business. When you launch a new product or them to overprice their products. ( ② ) And this can be a
service, your priority should be to get sufficient market very costly mistake that may lead to the failure of their
adoption as soon as possible and you should be ready new business. ( ③ ) When you launch a new product or
(D) sacrificing your initial prices and profits to achieve service, your priority should be to get sufficient market
this aim. Once you have strong sales volumes, you can adoption as soon as possible and you should be ready to
increase your prices to maximize your profits. sacrifice your initial prices and profits to achieve this
aim. ( ④ ) Once you have strong sales volumes, you can
1) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________ increase your prices to maximize your profits. ( ⑤ )
2) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________
3) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________

│32번│

36. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임

이 적절하지 않은 것은?36)
Most entrepreneurs put in tremendous amounts of
time and effort in creating and launching new products
and services and then make the mistake of overpricing
them. They have created something they care deeply
about, it’s theirs, and this powerful sense of ownership
① reflects their perception of value which causes them
to overprice their products. While many of them are
quick to realize that their initial prices are too high, not
all these people are happy or willing to ② drop their pri-
ces to make their products more attractive. And this can
be a very costly mistake that may lead to the ③ failure of
their new business. When you launch a new product or
service, your priority should be to get sufficient market
adoption as soon as possible and you should be ready to
④ sacrifice your initial prices and profits to achieve this
aim. Once you have strong sales volumes, you can ⑤ in-
crease your prices to maximize your profits.

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38. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?38) 39. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 문장 (A)-(D) 중, 어법상 틀

린 문장 세 개를 찾고 틀린 부분을 바르게 고쳐
In most respects, humans are one of a relatively small
쓰시오.39)
number of species that evolved a very different strategy
of investing more energy to reproduce more slowly. Like In most respects, humans are one of a relatively small
apes and elephants, we mature at a leisurely pace, grow number of species that evolved a very different strategy
large bodies, and have few babies but devote much time of investing more energy to reproduce more slowly.
and energy to raising them well. This unusual strategy Like apes and elephants, (A) we mature at a leisurely
succeeds because while apes and elephants produce few- pace, grow large bodies, and have few babies but devote
er babies than mice, a larger percentage of their off- much time and energy to raising themselves well. This
spring survive to then reproduce. A house mouse can be- unusual strategy succeeds because while apes and ele-
come a mother when she is just five weeks old, has four phants produce fewer babies than mice, a larger per-
to ten pups per litter, and can have a new litter every two centage of their offspring survive to then reproduce. (B)
months over the course of her approximately twelve- A house mouse can become a mother when she is just
month life. However, the vast majority of her pups die five weeks old, having four to ten pups per litter, and
young. In contrast, a chimp or elephant mother does not can have a new litter every two months over the course
reproduce until she is at least twelve years old, and she of her approximately twelvemonth life. However, (C)
gives birth to only one infant every five or six years over the vast majority of her pups dies young. In contrast, a
the next thirty or so years. About half of these offspring chimp or elephant mother does not reproduce until she
make it to becoming parents. is at least twelve years old, and she gives birth to only
one infant every five or six years over the next thirty or
① Why Mice Reproduce Quickly but Die Young so years. (D) About half of these offspring make it to be-
② Remarkable Breeding: From Mice to Elephant come parents.
③ The Relationship between Body Size and Birth Rate
④ Why Large Animals Use Resources for Reproduction 1) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________
⑤ Distinctive Reproductive Tactic of Mammals for Survival 2) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________
3) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________

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│33번│ │33번│

40. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 41. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절

이 적절하지 않은 것은?40) 한 것은?41)
In most respects, humans are one of a relatively small In most respects, humans are one of a relatively small
number of species that evolved a very different strategy number of species that evolved a very different strategy
of ① investing more energy to reproduce more slowly. of investing more energy to reproduce more slowly. Like
Like apes and elephants, we mature at a leisurely pace, apes and elephants, we mature at a leisurely pace, grow
grow large bodies, and have ② many babies but devote large bodies, and have few babies but devote much time
much time and energy to raising them well. This un- and energy to raising them well.
usual strategy ③ fails because while apes and elephants
produce fewer babies than mice, a larger percentage of (A) In contrast, a chimp or elephant mother does not re-
their offspring survive to then reproduce. A house produce until she is at least twelve years old, and she
mouse can become a mother when she is just five weeks gives birth to only one infant every five or six years
old, has four to ten pups per litter, and can have a new over the next thirty or so years. About half of these
litter every two months over the course of her approx- offspring make it to becoming parents.
imately twelvemonth life. However, the vast majority of (B) A house mouse can become a mother when she is just
her pups ④ die young. In contrast, a chimp or elephant five weeks old, has four to ten pups per litter, and can
mother does not ⑤ reproduce until she is at least twelve have a new litter every two months over the course of
years old, and she gives birth to only one infant every her approximately twelvemonth life. However, the
five or six years over the next thirty or so years. About vast majority of her pups die young.
half of these offspring make it to becoming parents. (C) This unusual strategy succeeds because while apes
and elephants produce fewer babies than mice, a larg-
er percentage of their offspring survive to then
reproduce.

① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

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│34번│ │34번│

42. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?42) 44. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에서 어휘에 맞는 표현
으로 가장 적절한 것은?44)
When scientists make an important new discovery or
experimentally prove some hypothesis, they do not, in When scientists make an important new discovery or
general, keep that information to themselves so that experimentally prove some hypothesis, they do not, in
they alone can consider its meaning and derive addi- general, keep that information to themselves so that
tional theories from it. Instead, they publish their re- they alone can consider its meaning and (A)[exclude /
sults and make their data available for inspection. This derive] additional theories from it. Instead, they publish
makes it possible for other scientists to reconsider their their results and make their data available for
data and possibly refute their conclusions. More im- inspection. This makes it possible for other scientists to
portant, though, it makes it possible for other scientists reconsider their data and possibly (B)[refute / accept]
to use that data to construct new hypotheses and per- their conclusions. More important, though, it makes it
form new experiments. The assumption is that society as possible for other scientists to use that data to construct
a whole will end up knowing more if information is new hypotheses and perform new experiments. The as-
spread as widely as possible, rather than being limited to sumption is that society as a whole will end up knowing
a few people. In a strict sense, every scientist depends on more if information is (C)[confined / spread] as widely
the work of other scientists. as possible, rather than being limited to a few people. In
a strict sense, every scientist depends on the work of
① Revising Claims with Shared Data other scientists.
② Building Ideas on Earlier Publications
③ Medical Data Release and Ethics Risks
(A) (B) (C)
④ Hiding Results: Blocking Scientific Progress
① exclude accept confined
⑤ Sharing Scientific Findings for Public Benefit
② exclude refute spread
│34번│ ③ derive refute confined
43. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 문장 (A)-(E) 중, 어법상 틀 ④ derive refute spread
린 문장 세 개를 찾고 틀린 부분을 바르게 고쳐 ⑤ derive accept spread
쓰시오.43)
When scientists make an important new discovery or
experimentally prove some hypothesis, (A) they do not,
in general, keep that information to them so that they
alone can consider its meaning and derive additional
theories from it. (B) Instead, they publish their results
and make their data availably for inspection. (C) This
makes it possible for other scientists to reconsider their
data and possibly refute their conclusions. (D) More im-
portant, though, it makes it possible for other scientists
to use that data to construct new hypotheses and per-
form new experiments. (E) The assumption is that soci-
ety as a whole will end up knowing more if information
is spread as widely as possible, rather than limiting to a
few people. In a strict sense, every scientist depends on
the work of other scientists.

1) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________
2) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________
3) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________

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│34번│ │35번│

45. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절 46. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?46)

한 것은?45)
In the 1930s, the British psychologist Sir Frederic
When scientists make an important new discovery or Bartlett asked people to listen to folktales from other
experimentally prove some hypothesis, they do not, in countries and then recall these stories at a later date. As
general, keep that information to themselves so that you might guess, unfamiliar stories were not re-
they alone can consider its meaning and derive addi- membered as well as familiar stories. Surprisingly, how-
tional theories from it. ever, errors in memory were not random. Rather, sub-
jects often rewrote similar parts of the stories in their
(A) More important, though, it makes it possible for other own minds — particularly the parts that made the least
scientists to use that data to construct new hypoth- sense to them. Bartlett concluded that when facing
eses and perform new experiments. problems, humans draw upon mental schemata, or
(B) The assumption is that society as a whole will end up shelves of stored knowledge in our brains, to fill in any
knowing more if information is spread as widely as minor gaps in our memories. Therefore, remembering is
possible, rather than being limited to a few people. In an imaginative process that involves building upon past
a strict sense, every scientist depends on the work of experiences.
other scientists.
(C) Instead, they publish their results and make their data ① Random Errors in Remembering Novel Stories
available for inspection. This makes it possible for ② Memory Reframed through Previous Experiences
other scientists to reconsider their data and possibly ③ Doubt Knowledge Shelves Stored in Your Body Parts
refute their conclusions. ④ Remembering Is Simply Recalling Information Exactly
⑤ Unfamiliar Stories Become Familiar inside the Human
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

│35번│

47. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?47)

In the 1930s, the British psychologist Sir Frederic Bartlett

asked people ① to listen to folktales from other countries
and then recall these stories at a later date. As you guess,
unfamiliar stories were not ② remembered might as well
as familiar stories. Surprisingly, however, errors in memory
were not random. Rather, subjects often rewrote similar
parts of the stories in their own minds — particularly the
parts ③ what made the least sense to them. Bartlett con-
cluded ④ that when facing problems, humans draw upon
mental schemata, or shelves of stored knowledge in our
brains, to fill in any minor gaps in our memories.
Therefore, remembering is an imaginative process that
⑤ involves building upon past experiences.

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│35번│ │35번│

48. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 50. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절

이 적절하지 않은 것은?48) 한 것은?50)
In the 1930s, the British psychologist Sir Frederic In the 1930s, the British psychologist Sir Frederic
Bartlett asked people to listen to folktales from other Bartlett asked people to listen to folktales from other
countries and then ① recall these stories at a later date. countries and then recall these stories at a later date.
As you might guess, unfamiliar stories were not re-
membered as well as familiar stories. Surprisingly, how- (A) Bartlett concluded that when facing problems, hu-
ever, errors in memory were not ② random. Rather, mans draw upon mental schemata, or shelves of stor-
subjects often rewrote ③ different parts of the stories in ed knowledge in our brains, to fill in any minor gaps
their own minds — particularly the parts that made the in our memories. Therefore, remembering is an
least sense to them. Bartlett concluded that when facing imaginative process that involves building upon past
problems, humans draw upon mental schemata, or experiences.
shelves of stored knowledge in our brains, to ④ fill in (B) Rather, subjects often rewrote similar parts of the sto-
any minor gaps in our memories. Therefore, remember- ries in their own minds — particularly the parts that
ing is an ⑤ imaginative process that involves building made the least sense to them.
upon past experiences. (C) As you might guess, unfamiliar stories were not re-
membered as well as familiar stories. Surprisingly,
however, errors in memory were not random.

① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

│35번│
│35번│
49. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
가장 적절한 곳은?49) 51. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
가장 적절한 곳은?51)
Bartlett concluded that when facing problems, humans
draw upon mental schemata, or shelves of stored knowl- Surprisingly, however, errors in memory were not
edge in our brains, to fill in any minor gaps in our random.
memories.
In the 1930s, the British psychologist Sir Frederic
Bartlett asked people to listen to folktales from other
In the 1930s, the British psychologist Sir Frederic
countries and then recall these stories at a later date.
Bartlett asked people to listen to folktales from
( ① ) As you might guess, unfamiliar stories were not re-
other countries and then recall these stories at a
membered as well as familiar stories. ( ② ) Rather, sub-
later date. ( ① ) As you might guess, unfamiliar
jects often rewrote similar parts of the stories in their
stories were not remembered as well as familiar
own minds — particularly the parts that made the least
stories. ( ② ) Surprisingly, however, errors in
sense to them. ( ③ ) Bartlett concluded that when facing
memory were not random. ( ③ ) Rather, subjects
problems, humans draw upon mental schemata, or
often rewrote similar parts of the stories in their
shelves of stored knowledge in our brains, to fill in any
own minds — particularly the parts that made the
minor gaps in our memories. ( ④ ) Therefore, re-
least sense to them. ( ④ ) Therefore, remembering
membering is an imaginative process that involves
is an imaginative process that involves building
building upon past experiences. ( ⑤ )
upon past experiences. ( ⑤ )

네이버 카페[강한 영어학원 만들기] 지광모 선생

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│36번│ │36번│

52. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?52) 54. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임

이 적절하지 않은 것은?54)
History, people often say, repeats itself. And looking at
the historical records of the ancient civilizations, some History, people often say, repeats itself. And looking at
things do seem to happen again and again. Civilizations the historical records of the ancient civilizations, some
expand, get overextended, and then collapse as in the things do seem to happen again and again. Civilizations
cases of Rome, which went under in 476 AD, and the ① expand, get overextended, and then collapse as in the
British Empire, which fell apart more than a thousand cases of Rome, which went under in 476 AD, and the
years later in the post‐World War II era. But is this al- British Empire, which succeeds apart more than a thou-
ways the case? If so, archaeology would be pretty boring; sand years later in the post‐World War II era. But is this
one thing would happen again and again. But that’s not always the case? If so, archaeology would be pretty ② bor-
what archaeologists see. Some civilizations end sud- ing; one thing would happen again and again. But that’s
denly, like the Aztec and Inca, conquered by invaders in not what archaeologists see. Some civilizations ③ begin
the 1520s AD. Those empires never had the chance to suddenly, like the Aztec and Inca, conquered by invaders in
collapse as a result of overexpansion. So in the case of the 1520s AD. Those empires never had the chance to ④ thrive
civilizations, “history repeats itself” seems to be an as a result of overexpansion. So in the case of civilizations,
oversimplification. “history repeats itself” seems to be an ⑤ oversimplification.

① History Repeats Itself: A Proven Rule

② The Oversimplification of Historical Patterns
③ Patterns in the Rise and Fall of Ancient Empires
④ Archaeologists Discover Secrets of Ancient Trade
⑤ Why Civilizations Always Collapse the Same Way

│36번│

55. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에

│36번│
가장 적절한 곳은?55)
53. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?53)
But that’s not what archaeologists see.
History, people often say, repeats itself. And looking at
the historical records of the ancient civilizations, some History, people often say, repeats itself. And looking at
things ① do seem to happen again and again. the historical records of the ancient civilizations, some
Civilizations expand, get overextended, and then col- things do seem to happen again and again. ( ①) Civilizations
lapse as in the cases of Rome, ② that went under in 476 expand, get overextended, and then collapse as in the
AD, and the British Empire, which fell apart more than a cases of Rome, which went under in 476 AD, and the
thousand years later in the post‐World War II era. But is British Empire, which fell apart more than a thousand
this always the case? If so, archaeology would be pretty years later in the post‐World War II era. ( ② ) But is this
boring; one thing would happen again and again. But always the case? ( ③ ) If so, archaeology would be pretty
that’s not ③ what archaeologists see. Some civilizations boring; one thing would happen again and again. ( ④ )
end suddenly, like the Aztec and Inca, ④ conquered by Some civilizations end suddenly, like the Aztec and Inca,
invaders in the 1520s AD. Those empires never had the conquered by invaders in the 1520s AD. ( ⑤ ) Those em-
chance to collapse as a result of overexpansion. So in the pires never had the chance to collapse as a result of
case of civilizations, “history repeats itself” ⑤ seems to overexpansion. So in the case of civilizations, “history
be an oversimplification. repeats itself” seems to be an oversimplification.

네이버 카페[강한 영어학원 만들기] 지광모 선생

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 고1 모의고사 2025-06월 변형문제

│37번│ │37번│

56. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?56) 58. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임

이 적절하지 않은 것은?58)
Stanford psychology professor Dr. Carol Dweck is the
internationally recognized pioneer of the concept of Stanford psychology professor Dr. Carol Dweck is the
“growth mindset” as a way to continually grow, learn, internationally recognized pioneer of the concept of
and persevere in our efforts. Dweck found that kids who “growth mindset” as a way to continually ① grow, learn,
are told they’re “smart” actually underperform in future and persevere in our efforts. Dweck found that kids who
tasks, by choosing easier tasks to avoid evidence that are told they’re “smart” actually underperform in future
they are not smart, which Dweck calls having a “fixed tasks, by choosing easier tasks to ② avoid evidence that
mindset.” In contrast, Dweck found, kids who are prais- they are not smart, which Dweck calls having a “fixed
ed not for their smarts but for their effort develop what mindset.” In contrast, Dweck found, kids who are prais-
Dweck calls a “growth mindset.” They learn that their ef- ed not for their smarts but for their effort ③ develop
fort is what led to their success, and if they continue to what Dweck calls a “growth mindset.” They learn that
try, over time they’ll improve and achieve more things. their effort is what led to their ④ success, and if they
These kids end up taking on tougher things, and feel bet- continue to try, over time they’ll improve and achieve
ter about themselves. “Emphasizing effort gives a child a more things. These kids end up taking on ⑤ easier
variable that they can control,” Dweck has explained. things, and feel better about themselves. “Emphasizing
effort gives a child a variable that they can control,”
① Growth Comes from Struggle: The Effort-Based Mindset Dweck has explained.
② Performance-Based Praise Motivates Children to Excel
③ Intelligence Is Fixed: Why Some Kids Avoid Challenges
④ How Teachers Should Track Student Performance
⑤ The Science of Cognitive Development in Infancy

│37번│
│37번│
59. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
57. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?57)
가장 적절한 곳은?59)
Stanford psychology professor Dr. Carol Dweck is the In contrast, Dweck found, kids who are praised not for
internationally recognized pioneer of the concept of their smarts but for their effort develop what Dweck
“growth mindset” as a way to ① continually grow, calls a “growth mindset.
learn, and persevere in our efforts. Dweck found that
kids who are told they’re “smart” actually underper- Stanford psychology professor Dr. Carol Dweck is the
form in future tasks, by choosing easier tasks to avoid internationally recognized pioneer of the concept of
evidence that they are not smart, ② which Dweck calls “growth mindset” as a way to continually grow, learn,
having a “fixed mindset.” In contrast, Dweck found, and persevere in our efforts. ( ① ) Dweck found that kids
kids who are praised not for their smarts but for their who are told they’re “smart” actually underperform in fu-
effort ③ develop what Dweck calls a “growth mindset.” ture tasks, by choosing easier tasks to avoid evidence that
They learn that their effort is what led to their success, they are not smart, which Dweck calls having a “fixed
and if they continue to try, over time they’ll improve mindset.” ( ② )” They learn that their effort is what led to
and achieve more things. These kids end up taking on their success, and if they continue to try, over time they’ll
tougher things, and ④ feeling better about themselves. improve and achieve more things. ( ③ ) These kids end
“Emphasizing effort ⑤ gives a child a variable that they up taking on tougher things, and feel better about
can control,” Dweck has explained. themselves. ( ④ ) “Emphasizing effort gives a child a var-
iable that they can control,” Dweck has explained. ( ⑤ )

네이버 카페[강한 영어학원 만들기] 지광모 선생

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│38번│ │38번│

60. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? ?60) 62. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임

이 적절하지 않은 것은?62)
To monitor our surroundings is to focus on what’s out-
side of ourselves: what we see, hear, smell, feel, and per- To monitor our surroundings is to focus on what’s out-
haps even taste. But sometimes what really marks a side of ourselves: what we see, hear, smell, feel, and per-
place is something less specific — a feeling within us. haps even taste. But sometimes what really marks a
An interesting example emerged from a study of subway place is something less specific — a feeling within us.
passenger behavior. Researchers trying to understand An interesting example ① emerged from a study of sub-
why people sit where they sit or stand where they stand way passenger behavior. Researchers trying to under-
in subway and metro trains examined the factors that stand why people sit where they sit or stand where they
shape the way riders used and navigated that space in stand in subway and metro trains examined the factors
different situations. One of their findings involved the that ② shape the way riders used and navigated that
reasons many riders like to plant themselves close to the space in different situations. One of their findings in-
train’s doors. Partly this was the obvious convenience of volved the reasons many riders like to plant themselves
being able to exit more quickly. But it was shaped partly ③ close to the train’s doors. Partly this was the obvious
by a more abstract sensation — the desire to avoid the convenience of being able to exit more quickly. But it
sometimes uncomfortable feeling of accidentally making was shaped partly by a more ④ speceific sensation —
eye contact with seated passengers. We can’t see feelings the desire to avoid the sometimes uncomfortable feeling
— but they’re very real, and they influence our experi- of accidentally making eye contact with seated
ence of the world. passengers. We can’t see feelings — but they’re very re-
al, and they ⑤ influence our experience of the world.
① A Study of How Passengers Navigate Train Schedules
② Emotions Do Not Affect People’s Selection of Locations
③ We Choose Places Based on Logic, Not on Feelings
④ Why Passengers Prefer to Sit Rather Than Stand
⑤ What Has an Impact on Our Choice of Places?

│38번│

61. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?61)

To monitor our surroundings is to focus on what’s out-

side of ourselves: what we see, hear, smell, feel, and per-
haps even taste. But sometimes ① what really marks a
place is something less specific — a feeling within us.
An interesting example ② emerged from a study of sub-
way passenger behavior. Researchers trying to under-
stand why people sit where they sit or stand where they
stand in subway and metro trains examined the factors
③ that shape the way riders used and navigated that
space in different situations. One of their findings involved
the reasons many riders like to plant ④ themselves close to
the train’s doors. Partly this was the obvious convenience
of being able to exit more quickly. But it ⑤ shaped partly
by a more abstract sensation — the desire to avoid the
sometimes uncomfortable feeling of accidentally making
eye contact with seated passengers. We can’t see feelings
— but they’re very real, and they influence our experi-
ence of the world.

네이버 카페[강한 영어학원 만들기] 지광모 선생

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│38번│ │39번│

63. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절 64. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?64)

한 것은?63)
We have a ‘diving reflex’, like other marine mammals.
To monitor our surroundings is to focus on what’s out- This means that special nerve endings on our faces,
side of ourselves: what we see, hear, smell, feel, and per- around the mouth and nose, trigger this reflex only
haps even taste. But sometimes what really marks a when the facial region goes under water. If we are in the
place is something less specific — a feeling within us. water, with our head out in the air, there is no diving
An interesting example emerged from a study of subway reflex. But if we sink just our face in a bowl of water,
passenger behavior. while the whole of the rest of our body is in the dry air,
the diving reflex is triggered. It automatically closes
(A) One of their findings involved the reasons many rid- down the airway, reducing the risk of swallowing water,
ers like to plant themselves close to the train’s doors. and it narrows the small airpassages in the lungs. At the
Partly this was the obvious convenience of being able same time the heart rate is slowed down to half speed
to exit more quickly. and blood is shunted to the vital organs, protecting them
(B) An interesting example emerged from a study of sub- from the effects of the brief stop in breathing. By con-
way passenger behavior. Researchers trying to un- trast, if a chimpanzee or a gorilla found itself in water
derstand why people sit where they sit or stand where with its face below the surface, it would panic, its heart
they stand in subway and metro trains examined the would race and it would quickly drown.
factors that shape the way riders used and navigated
that space in different situations. ① The Body’s Resistance to Cold-Water Exposure
(C) But it was shaped partly by a more abstract sensation ② The Reason Blood Flows to Vital Human Organs
— the desire to avoid the sometimes uncomfortable ③ Diving Reflex Separating Humans from Other Primates
feeling of accidentally making eye contact with seated ④ Humans: Unable to Adapt to Underwater Environments
passengers. We can’t see feelings — but they’re very ⑤ Marine Animals’ Reaction with Their Faces Under Water
real, and they influence our experience of the world.

① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
│39번│
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
65. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임
이 적절하지 않은 것은?65)
We have a ‘diving reflex’, like other marine mammals.
This means that special nerve endings on our faces,
around the mouth and nose, ① trigger this reflex only
when the facial region goes under water. If we are in the
water, with our head out in the air, there is no diving
reflex. But if we ② sink just our face in a bowl of water,
while the whole of the rest of our body is in the dry air,
the diving reflex is triggered. It automatically closes
down the airway, reducing the risk of swallowing water,
and it ③ expands the small airpassages in the lungs. At
the same time the heart rate is slowed down to half
speed and blood is shunted to the vital organs, ④ protecting
them from the effects of the brief stop in breathing. By
contrast, if a chimpanzee or a gorilla found itself in wa-
ter with its face below the surface, it would ⑤ panic, its
heart would race and it would quickly drown.

네이버 카페[강한 영어학원 만들기] 지광모 선생

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│39번│ │39번│

66. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 68. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절
가장 적절한 곳은?66) 한 것은?68)
If we are in the water, with our head out in the air, there We have a ‘diving reflex’, like other marine mammals.
is no diving reflex. This means that special nerve endings on our faces,
around the mouth and nose, trigger this reflex only
We have a ‘diving reflex’, like other marine mammals. when the facial region goes under water.
( ① ) This means that special nerve endings on our
faces, around the mouth and nose, trigger this reflex on- (A) It automatically closes down the airway, reducing the
ly when the facial region goes under water. ( ② ) But if risk of swallowing water, and it narrows the small air
we sink just our face in a bowl of water, while the whole passages in the lungs. At the same time the heart rate
of the rest of our body is in the dry air, the diving reflex is slowed down to half speed and blood is shunted to
is triggered. ( ③ ) It automatically closes down the airway, the vital organs. This protects them from the effects of
reducing the risk of swallowing water, and it narrows the brief stop in breathing.
the small airpassages in the lungs. ( ④ ) At the same (B) By contrast, if a chimpanzee or a gorilla found itself in
time the heart rate is slowed down to half speed and blood water with its face below the surface, it would panic.
is shunted to the vital organs, protecting them from the Its heart would race and it would quickly drown.
effects of the brief stop in breathing. ( ⑤ ) By contrast, if (C) If we are in the water, with our head out in the air,
a chimpanzee or a gorilla found itself in water with its there is no diving reflex. But if we sink just our face in
face below the surface, it would panic, its heart would a bowl of water, while the whole of the rest of our
race and it would quickly drown. body is in the dry air, the diving reflex is triggered.

① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

│39번│ ③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
67. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 문장 (A)-(D) 중, 어법상 틀 ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
린 문장 세 개를 찾고 틀린 부분을 바르게 고쳐
쓰시오.67)
We have a ‘diving reflex’, like other marine mammals.
(A) This means what special nerve endings on our faces,
around the mouth and nose, trigger this reflex only
when the facial region goes under water. If we are in the
water, with our head out in the air, there is no diving
reflex. (B) But if we sink just our face in a bowl of water,
while the whole of the rest of our body is in the dry air,
the diving reflex triggers. It automatically closes down
the airway, reducing the risk of swallowing water, and it
narrows the small airpassages in the lungs. (C) At the
same time the heart rate is slowed down to half speed
and blood is shunted to the vital organs, protect them
from the effects of the brief stop in breathing. (D) By
contrast, if a chimpanzee or a gorilla found itself in wa-
ter with its face below the surface, it would panic, its
heart would race and it would quickly drown.

1) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________
2) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________
3) 기호 ( ) ____________ ⟶ ____________

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│40번│ │40번│

69. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?69) 71. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임

이 적절하지 않은 것은?71)
There is a natural assumption of truth, or a truth bias
when humans communicate with one another. In other There is a natural assumption of truth, or a truth bias
words, when we’re listening to others or reading their when humans communicate with one another. In other
words, our automatic assumption is that the other per- words, when we’re listening to others or reading their
son is telling the truth. This usually works out fine. If words, our automatic assumption is that the other per-
you ask someone where the restroom is located or if it’s son is telling the ① truth. This usually works out fine. If
raining outside, you can safely assume that most people you ask someone where the restroom is located or if it’s
will not lie in their responses. Imagine how difficult it raining outside, you can ② safely assume that most peo-
would be to converse with someone if you assumed that ple will not lie in their responses. Imagine how difficult
everything they were telling you was false! Indeed, ques- it would be to converse with someone if you assumed
tioning the truth of a statement and then choosing not to that everything they were telling you was ③ false!
believe it requires additional mental steps. For the most Indeed, questioning the truth of a statement and then
part, humans are “cognitive misers,” which means we choosing not to believe it requires additional mental
typically don’t expend more mental effort than seems steps. For the most part, humans are “cognitive misers,”
necessary in a given situation. It makes sense then, that which means we typically don’t ④ conserve more men-
when we see something online, even if it is fake, our de- tal effort than seems necessary in a given situation. It
fault is to believe it, at least at first. makes sense then, that when we see something online,
even if it is fake, our default is to ⑤ believe it, at least at
① We Often Believe Fake Things We See Online first.
② Why People Won’t Lie about Daily Conversations
③ People Avoid Using More Mental Effort Than Needed
④ Cognitive Misers: Unnecessary Traits Given to Humans
⑤ Human Natural Tendency To Believe What Others Say │40번│

72. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절

│40번│
한 것?72)
70. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것
This usually works out fine.
은?70)
There is a natural assumption of truth, or a truth bias There is a natural assumption of truth, or a truth bias
when humans communicate with one another. In other when humans communicate with one another. ( ① ) In
words, when we’re listening to others or reading their other words, when we’re listening to others or reading
words, our automatic assumption is ① what the other their words, our automatic assumption is that the other
person is telling the truth. This usually works out fine. If person is telling the truth. ( ② ) If you ask someone
you ask someone where the restroom is ② located or if where the restroom is located or if it’s raining outside,
it’s raining outside, you can safely assume that most you can safely assume that most people will not lie in
people will not lie in their responses. Imagine how their responses. ( ③ ) Imagine how difficult it would be
③ difficult it would be to converse with someone if you to converse with someone if you assumed that every-
assumed that everything they were telling you was false! thing they were telling you was false! ( ④ ) Indeed, ques-
Indeed, ④ questioning the truth of a statement and then tioning the truth of a statement and then choosing not to
choosing not to believe it requires additional mental believe it requires additional mental steps. For the most
steps. For the most part, humans are “cognitive misers,” part, humans are “cognitive misers,” which means we
⑤ which means we typically don’t expend more mental typically don’t expend more mental effort than seems
effort than seems necessary in a given situation. It necessary in a given situation. ( ⑤ ) It makes sense then,
makes sense then, that when we see something online, that when we see something online, even if it is fake, our
even if it is fake, our default is to believe it, at least at default is to believe it, at least at first.
first.

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│41-42번│ │41-42번│

73. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?73) 74. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?74)

Paying with plastic fundamentally changes the way we Paying with plastic fundamentally changes the way we
spend money, altering the calculus of our financial spend money, altering the calculus of our financial
decisions. When you buy something with cash, the pur- decisions. When you buy something with cash, the
chase involves an actual loss — your wallet is literally purchase involves an actual loss — your wallet is liter-
lighter. Credit cards, however, make the purchase ab- ally lighter. Credit cards, however, make the purchase
stract, so that you don’t really feel the downside of ① abstract, so that you don’t really feel the downside of
spending money. Brain-imaging experiments suggest spending money. Brain-imaging experiments suggest
that paying with credit cards actually reduces activity in that paying with credit cards actually reduces activity in
the insula, a brain region associated with negative the insula, a brain region ② associated with negative
feelings. As George Loewenstein, a neuroeconomist at feelings. As George Loewenstein, a neuroeconomist at
Carnegie Mellon, says, “The nature of credit cards en- Carnegie Mellon, says, “The nature of credit cards en-
sures that your brain is anesthetized against the pain of sures ③ what your brain is anesthetized against the pain
payment.” Spending money doesn’t feel bad, so you of payment.” Spending money doesn’t feel bad, so you
spend more money. spend more money.
Consider this experiment: Drazen Prelec and Duncan Consider this experiment: Drazen Prelec and Duncan
Simester, two business professors at MIT, organized a Simester, two business professors at MIT, organized a
real-life, sealed-bid auction for tickets to a Boston real-life, sealed-bid auction for tickets to a Boston
Celtics game. Half the participants in the auction were Celtics game. Half the participants in the auction were
informed that they had to pay with cash; the other half informed that they had to pay with cash; the other half
were told they had to pay with credit cards. Prelec and ④ were told they had to pay with credit cards. Prelec
Simester then averaged the bids for the two different and Simester then averaged the bids for the two differ-
groups. It turns out that the average credit card bid was ent groups. It turns out ⑤ that the average credit card
twice as high as the average cash bid. When people used bid was twice as high as the average cash bid. When peo-
their credit cards, their bids were much more reckless. ple used their credit cards, their bids were much more
They no longer felt the need to limit their expenses. reckless. They no longer felt the need to limit their
expenses.
① Pros and Cons of Paying with Plastic
② The Shift from Cash to Digital Payments
③ The True Joy of Responsible Money Spending
④ The Relationship between Cash and Credit Cards
⑤ The Effect of Using Credit Card on Financial Decisions

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│41-42번│ │41-42번│

75. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 76. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에

이 적절하지 않은 것은?75) 가장 적절한 곳은?76)
Paying with plastic fundamentally changes the way we Prelec and Simester then averaged the bids for the two
spend money, altering the calculus of our financial different groups.
decisions. When you buy something with cash, the pur-
chase involves an actual loss — our wallet is literally Paying with plastic fundamentally changes the way we
① lighter. Credit cards, however, make the pur- spend money, altering the calculus of our financial
chase ② abstract, so that you don’t really feel the decisions. When you buy something with cash, the pur-
downside of spending money. Brain-imaging experi- chase involves an actual loss — your wallet is literally
ments suggest that paying with credit cards actually re- lighter. Credit cards, however, make the purchase ab-
duces activity in the insula, a brain region associated stract, so that you don’t really feel the downside of
with ③ negative feelings. As George Loewenstein, a neu- spending money. Brain-imaging experiments suggest
roeconomist at Carnegie Mellon, says, “The nature of that paying with credit cards actually reduces activity in
credit cards ensures that your brain is anesthetized the insula, a brain region associated with negative
against the pain of payment.” Spending money doesn’t feelings. As George Loewenstein, a neuroeconomist at
feel bad, so you spend ④ less money. Carnegie Mellon, says, “The nature of credit cards en-
Consider this experiment: Drazen Prelec and Duncan sures that your brain is anesthetized against the pain of
Simester, two business professors at MIT, organized a payment.” Spending money doesn’t feel bad, so you
real-life, sealed-bid auction for tickets to a Boston spend more money.
Celtics game. Half the participants in the auction were ( ① ) Consider this experiment: Drazen Prelec and
informed that they had to pay with cash; the other half Duncan Simester, two business professors at MIT, or-
were told they had to pay with credit cards. Prelec and ganized a real-life, sealed-bid auction for tickets to a
Simester then averaged the bids for the two different Boston Celtics game. ( ② ) Half the participants in the
groups. It turns out that the average credit card bid was auction were informed that they had to pay with cash;
twice as high as the average cash bid. When people the other half were told they had to pay with credit
used their credit cards, their bids were much more cards. ( ③ ) It turns out that the average credit card bid
reckless. They no longer felt the need to ⑤ limit their was twice as high as the average cash bid. ( ④ ) When
expenses. people used their credit cards, their bids were much
more reckless. ( ⑤ ) They no longer felt the need to limit
their expenses.

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│41-42번│

77. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절

한 것은?77)
Paying with plastic fundamentally changes the way we
spend money, altering the calculus of our financial
decisions. When you buy something with cash, the pur-
chase involves an actual loss — your wallet is literally
lighter.

(A) As George Loewenstein, a neuroeconomist at

Carnegie Mellon, says, “The nature of credit cards en-
sures that your brain is anesthetized against the pain
of payment.” Spending money doesn’t feel bad, so you
spend more money.
(B) Credit cards, however, make the purchase abstract, so
that you don’t really feel the downside of spending
money. Brain-imaging experiments suggest that pay-
ing with credit cards actually reduces activity in the
insula, a brain region associated with negative
feelings.
(C) Consider this experiment: Drazen Prelec and Duncan
Simester, two business professors at MIT, organized a
real-life, sealed-bid auction for tickets to a Boston
Celtics game. Half the participants in the auction were
informed that they had to pay with cash; the other
half were told they had to pay with credit cards.
(D) Prelec and Simester then averaged the bids for the
two different groups. It turns out that the average
credit card bid was twice as high as the average cash
bid. When people used their credit cards, their bids
were much more reckless. They no longer felt the
need to limit their expenses.

① (A) - (C) - (D) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) - (D)

③ (B) - (C) - (A) - (D) ④ (C) - (A) - (D) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) - (D)

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│20번│ │21번│

78. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을 79. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을
<조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.78) <조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.79)
People often ask me, “What surprises you most about It is common sense that people’s inner beliefs may
habits?” (나를 계속해서 놀라게 하는 한 가지는 우리가 순 drive their external behavior. If you’re attracted to a cer-
전한 편리성에 의해 영향을 받는 정도이다). The amount tain person, you should be more likely to socialize with
of effort, time, or decision making required by an action that person. If you favor a brand of toothpaste, you’re
has a huge influence on habit formation. To a truly re- more likely to buy it. Of course, our internal thoughts
markable extent, we’re more likely to do something if it’s don’t always predict our public behavior, but, overall,
convenient, and less likely if it’s not. For this reason, we what we do obviously reflects what we think. But beliefs
should pay close attention to the convenience of any ac- and behaviors are also related in a more remarkable
tivity we want to make into a habit. Putting a waste- way. (화살이 반대 방향을 가리킬 가능성이 그만큼 높다
basket next to our front door made mail sorting slightly 는 것이 드러난다). As social psychologist David Myers
more convenient, and I stopped procrastinating with observes, “If social psychology has taught us anything
this chore. Many people report that they do a much bet- during the last 25 years, it is that we are likely not only
ter job of staying close to distant family members now to think ourselves into a way of acting but also to act
that tools like group chats make it easy to stay in touch. ourselves into a way of thinking.”

<조건> <조건>
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것 1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 16단어로 영작 2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 15단어로 영작

<보기> <보기>
that/ me / to / thing / degree reverse / as / it / is / to / that
the / convenience / one / we're the / turn / point / arrow
which / astonish / is / by direction / in /likely /out / the
sheer /influence / continually
___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________

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│22번│ │23번│

80. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을 81. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을
<조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.80) <조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.81)
Imagine following the spirit of a silence vow into daily Science is concerned with accumulating and under-
life. Challenge yourself to spend an entire day saying on- standing observations of the physical world. That under-
ly what you absolutely must say. It’s been widely ob- standing alone solves no problems. Individual people
served by behavioral psychology experts — and anyone have to act on that understanding for it to help solve
who’s ever been on a first date — (우리가 너무나 자주 problems. For instance, science has found that regular
“대화”를 자신이 말할 차례를 기다리는 게임처럼 여기는 exercise can lower your risk of heart disease. Knowing
경향이 있다는 것이). We miss what’s being said because this fact is interesting, but it will do nothing for your
we’re mentally rehearsing our next utterance. What if personal health unless you act on it and actually
you could eliminate the idea that the next available exercise. And that’s the hard part. Reading an article
mini-silence is your next opening to express whatever is about exercise is easy. Getting into an actual routine of
in your head? What if you were limited to, say, fifty spo- regular exercise is harder. In this sense, science really
ken words tomorrow? I think you’d listen quite solves no problems at all. (문제는 사람들이 과학에 의해
differently. You’d attend quite carefully to every word 제공된 지식을 취하고 그것을 사용할 때만 해결된다). In
you heard. You’d be attuned to what you must respond fact, many of humanity’s biggest problems are caused by
to. You might discover that the less you say, the more lack of action, and not lack of knowledge.
you hear.
<조건>
<조건> 1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것 2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 15단어로 영작
2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 19단어로 영작
<보기>
<보기> use / provide / are / take / by / solve
our / to / too / turn / treat / speak only / people / problems / science / the
own / for / often / to / wait / tend / of it / when / knowledge / and
we / that / a game / “conversation” / as
___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________

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│24번│ │29번│

82. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을 83. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을
<조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.82) <조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.83)
We think we’re being logical, objective, and rational — Studies of experts provide insight into what it means to
and therefore accurate in our analysis, judgment, and have deep and flexible understanding. Experts in a par-
decisions. So (우리는 다른 사람들이 논리적이고 객관적 ticular domain are people who have deep, richly inter-
이며 합리적이라면, 그들이 우리에게 동의하고 우리가 보 connected ideas about the world. They are not just good
는 것을 볼 것이라고 생각한다). But the opposite is the thinkers or people who are exceptionally smart. Rather,
case. Every human brain is different. Everyone’s life ex- experts have knowledge in a specific domain ― such as
perience is different. Everyone’s desires and knowledge chess, chemistry, or tennis ― and are not generalists.
are different. You might think you’re being realistic — However, experts do not just know “a bunch of facts.” In
that is, that your ideas match reality, but that’s fact, having expertise in a topic means that (지식이 일관
impossible. It’s only your interpretation of reality, which 된 틀로 조직화되어 있고, 전문가가 사실 간의 상호 관계
will always be different from someone else’s. When two 를 이해하고 어떤 아이디어가 가장 핵심적인지 구분할 수
nations play each other in the World Cup, the fans of 있다는 것을). This kind of deep but organized under-
each country criticize the referees for missing all the in- standing allows for greater flexibility in learning and fa-
fractions that the other team commits. Without fail, cilitates application across multiple contexts.
each fan base believes that the referees are biased
against their team. <조건>
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
<조건> 2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 22단어로 영작
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 21단어로 영작 <보기>
frameworks / understand / can / are
<보기> knowledge / coherent / distinguish
other/ see / people / think / what / and / we is / the inter-relationship / facts
objective / if / we / logical / they / rational / with and / organize / central / into / most
and / agree / are / will / us / see / that which / the expert / and / ideas / between

___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________

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│30번│ │31번│

84. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을 85. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을
<조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.84) <조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.85)
It is natural for people to observe happenings and then In everyday life, we use previous experience to predict
seek explanations for why those happenings occurred. where we should pay attention. Different environments
But sometimes the reasoning is wrong because of one or create different expectations. This was profoundly illus-
more misconceptions. (그 중 하나는 생태학적 오류로, 여 trated by the scientist Jared Diamond in his book Guns,
기서 논지는 두 가지가 함께 발생한다는 이유만으로 두 Germs, and Steel. He describes an adventure wandering
가지 사이에 인과 관계가 있다는 것이다). For example, through the New Guinea jungle with native New
in the 1950s it was found that crime rates were the high- Guineans. He relates that these natives tend to perform
est in neighborhoods where immigrants were most poorly at tasks Westerners have been trained to do since
numerous. Some people used this “co-occurrence” to ar- childhood. But they are hardly stupid. They can detect
gue that immigrants were a cause of crime. But a careful the most subtle changes in the jungle, good for following
analysis of this situation revealed that immigrants were the tracks of a predator or for finding the way back
forced to live in neighborhoods where crime rates were home. They know which insects to leave alone, know
already high; they could not afford more expensive where food exists, can build and tear down shelters with
housing in safer neighborhoods. Immigrants themselves ease. Diamond, who had never spent time in such pla-
committed very few of the crimes. Unless you analyze ces, has no ability to pay attention to these things. (그가
the claim carefully, you would misinterpret the relation- 그런 과업들에 대해 시험을 본다면, 그 역시 잘하지 못할
ship and thereby construct a faulty belief. 것이다).

<조건> <조건>
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것 1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 25단어로 영작 2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 13단어로 영작

<보기> <보기>
where / the ecological fallacy / be he / test / perform / be / such / were
be /one of these / because / that on/ poorly / would / he / tasks / also / to
together / an argument claims
two/ a causal relationship/ merely ___________________________________
there / occur / between / things / they ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________

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│32번│ │33번│

86. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을 87. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을
<조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.86) <조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.87)
Most entrepreneurs put in tremendous amounts of In most respects, humans are one of a relatively small
time and effort in creating and launching new products number of species that evolved a very different strategy
and services and then make the mistake of overpricing of investing more energy to reproduce more slowly. Like
them. They have created something they care deeply apes and elephants, we mature at a leisurely pace, grow
about, it’s theirs, and (이 강한 소유감은 가치에 대한 그 large bodies, and have few babies but devote much time
들의 인식을 왜곡시켜 그들의 제품 가격을 너무 높게 책 and energy to raising them well. (유인원과 코끼리는 생
정하게 만든다). While many of them are quick to realize 쥐보다 더 적은 수의 새끼를 낳지만, 그들의 새끼 중 더 높
that their initial prices are too high, not all these people 은 비율이 살아남아서 번식하기 때문에 이 특이한 전략은
are happy or willing to drop their prices to make their 성공한다). A house mouse can become a mother when
products more attractive. And this can be a very costly she is just five weeks old, has four to ten pups per litter,
mistake that may lead to the failure of their new and can have a new litter every two months over the
business. When you launch a new product or service, course of her approximately twelvemonth life. However,
your priority should be to get sufficient market adoption the vast majority of her pups die young. In contrast, a
as soon as possible and you should be ready to sacrifice chimp or elephant mother does not reproduce until she
your initial prices and profits to achieve this aim. Once is at least twelve years old, and she gives birth to only
you have strong sales volumes, you can increase your one infant every five or six years over the next thirty or
prices to maximize your profits. so years. About half of these offspring make it to becom-
ing parents.
<조건>
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것 <조건>
2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 17단어로 영작 1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 24단어로 영작
<보기>
powerful / which / to overprice / of <보기>
their perception / distort / cause / this /them strategy / survive / apes / percentage / larger / than
value / their products / sense of ownership their / to / unusual / while / reproduce / mice
succeeds / and / because / of / babies / produce
___________________________________ elephants / this / a / then / offspring / few
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 고1 모의고사 2025-06월 변형문제

│34번│ │35번│

88. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을 89. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을
<조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.88) <조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.89)
When scientists make an important new discovery or In the 1930s, the British psychologist Sir Frederic
experimentally prove some hypothesis, they do not, in Bartlett asked people to listen to folktales from other
general, keep that information to themselves so that countries and then recall these stories at a later date.
they alone can consider its meaning and derive addi- (당신이 아마 추측할 수 있듯이, 낯선 이야기는 익숙한 이
tional theories from it. Instead, they publish their re- 야기만큼 잘 기억되지 않았다). Surprisingly, however,
sults and make their data available for inspection. (이것 errors in memory were not random. Rather, subjects of-
은 다른 과학자들이 그들의 데이터를 재고하게 하고 어쩌 ten rewrote similar parts of the stories in their own
면 그들의 결론을 반박하는 것을 가능하게 한다). More minds — particularly the parts that made the least sense
important, though, it makes it possible for other scien- to them. Bartlett concluded that when facing problems,
tists to use that data to construct new hypotheses and humans draw upon mental schemata, or shelves of stor-
perform new experiments. The assumption is that soci- ed knowledge in our brains, to fill in any minor gaps in
ety as a whole will end up knowing more if information our memories. Therefore, remembering is an imagi-
is spread as widely as possible, rather than being limited native process that involves building upon past
to a few people. In a strict sense, every scientist depends experiences.
on the work of other scientists.
<조건>
<조건> 1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것 2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 14단어로 영작
2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 16단어로 영작
<보기>
<보기> remember / you / stories / guess
scientists / to / data / and / possible / for were / not / might / unfamiliar
their / their/ possibly / other / refute as well as / familiar / as / stories
it /reconsider / conclusions / this / makes
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 고1 모의고사 2025-06월 변형문제

│36번│ │37번│

90. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을 91. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을
<조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.90) <조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.91)
History, people often say, repeats itself. (그리고 고대 Stanford psychology professor Dr. Carol Dweck is the
문명의 역사적 기록들을 보면, 몇 가지 일들이 정말로 반 internationally recognized pioneer of the concept of
복해서 일어나는 것처럼 보인다). Civilizations expand, “growth mindset” as a way to continually grow, learn,
get overextended, and then collapse as in the cases of and persevere in our efforts. (Dweck은 “똑똑하다”라는
Rome, which went under in 476 AD, and the British 말을 듣는 아이들은 그들이 똑똑하지 않다는 증거를 피하
Empire, which fell apart more than a thousand years lat- 기 위해 더 쉬운 과제를 선택함으로써 실제로 미래 과제
er in the post‐World War II era. But is this always the 에서 기대에 못 미치는 성과를 낸다는 것을 발견했는데),
case? If so, archaeology would be pretty boring; one which Dweck calls having a “fixed mindset.” In contrast,
thing would happen again and again. But that’s not what Dweck found, kids who are praised not for their smarts
archaeologists see. Some civilizations end suddenly, like but for their effort develop what Dweck calls a “growth
the Aztec and Inca, conquered by invaders in the 1520s mindset.” They learn that their effort is what led to their
AD. Those empires never had the chance to collapse as a success, and if they continue to try, over time they’ll im-
result of overexpansion. So in the case of civilizations, prove and achieve more things. These kids end up taking
“history repeats itself” seems to be an oversimplification. on tougher things, and feel better about themselves.
“Emphasizing effort gives a child a variable that they can
<조건> control,” Dweck has explained.
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 19단어로 영작 <조건>
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
<보기> 2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 27단어로 영작
and / the / ancient / look / some / at / things/ of
records / do / again / historical / to / civilizations <보기>
the / happen / again / seem /and Dweck / kids/ told / underperform / in / found
evidence / avoid / that / by / who / easier / be
___________________________________ tasks / they / smart / are / to / actually / future
___________________________________ not / choose / smart / they / that / be / tasks
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 고1 모의고사 2025-06월 변형문제

│38번│ │39번│

92. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을 93. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을
<조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.92) <조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.93)
To monitor our surroundings is to focus on what’s out- We have a ‘diving reflex’, like other marine mammals.
side of ourselves: what we see, hear, smell, feel, and per- This means that special nerve endings on our faces,
haps even taste. But sometimes what really marks a around the mouth and nose, trigger this reflex only
place is something less specific — a feeling within us. when the facial region goes under water. If we are in the
An interesting example emerged from a study of subway water, with our head out in the air, there is no diving
passenger behavior. Researchers trying to understand reflex. But if we sink just our face in a bowl of water,
why people sit where they sit or stand where they stand while the whole of the rest of our body is in the dry air,
in subway and metro trains examined the factors that the diving reflex is triggered. (이것은 기도를 자동으로
shape the way riders used and navigated that space in 닫아, 물을 삼킬 위험을 줄이고, 폐 속의 작은 공기 통로를
different situations. (연구 결과 중 하나는 많은 승객들이 좁힌다). At the same time the heart rate is slowed down
기차의 문 근처에 자리 잡기를 좋아하는 이유들과 관련이 to half speed and blood is shunted to the vital organs,
있었다). Partly this was the obvious convenience of be- protecting them from the effects of the brief stop in
ing able to exit more quickly. But it was shaped partly by breathing. By contrast, if a chimpanzee or a gorilla
a more abstract sensation — the desire to avoid the found itself in water with its face below the surface, it
sometimes uncomfortable feeling of accidentally making would panic, its heart would race and it would quickly
eye contact with seated passengers. We can’t see feelings drown.
— but they’re very real, and they influence our experi-
ence of the world. <조건>
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
<조건> 2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 22단어로 영작
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 18단어로 영작 <보기>
of / it / the / close / water / airway / and / the
<보기> narrow / swallow / reduce / small / passages / it
involve / close / many / one / riders / like air / risk / the / in / down / the / automatically
doors / to / of / the / their / plant / train’s lungs
to / finding / themselves / reasons / the
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 고1 모의고사 2025-06월 변형문제

│40번│ │41-42번│

94. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을 95. 밑줄 친 우리말과 일치하도록 <보기>의 단어들을
<조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.94) <조건>에 맞게 배열하시오.95)
There is a natural assumption of truth, or a truth bias (신용카드로 지불하는 것은 우리가 돈을 소비하는 방식
when humans communicate with one another. In other 을 근본적으로 바꾸며, 우리의 재정적 결정에 대한 계산
words, when we’re listening to others or reading their 법을 변화시킨다). When you buy something with cash,
words, our automatic assumption is that the other per- the purchase involves an actual loss — your wallet is lit-
son is telling the truth. This usually works out fine. If erally lighter. Credit cards, however, make the purchase
you ask someone where the restroom is located or if it’s abstract, so that you don’t really feel the downside of
raining outside, you can safely assume that most people spending money. Brain-imaging experiments suggest
will not lie in their responses. Imagine how difficult it that paying with credit cards actually reduces activity in
would be to converse with someone if you assumed that the insula, a brain region associated with negative
everything they were telling you was false! Indeed, ques- feelings. As George Loewenstein, a neuroeconomist at
tioning the truth of a statement and then choosing not to Carnegie Mellon, says, “The nature of credit cards en-
believe it requires additional mental steps. For the most sures that your brain is anesthetized against the pain of
part, humans are “cognitive misers,” (이는 우리가 주어 payment.” Spending money doesn’t feel bad, so you
진 상황에서 필요한 것처럼 보이는 것보다 더 많은 정신 spend more money.
적인 노력을 전형적으로 기울이지 않는다는 것을 의미한 Consider this experiment: Drazen Prelec and Duncan
다). It makes sense then, that when we see something Simester, two business professors at MIT, organized a
online, even if it is fake, our default is to believe it, at real-life, sealed-bid auction for tickets to a Boston
least at first. Celtics game. Half the participants in the auction were
informed that they had to pay with cash; the other half
<조건> were told they had to pay with credit cards. Prelec and
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것 Simester then averaged the bids for the two different
2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총16단어로 영작 groups. It turns out that the average credit card bid was
twice as high as the average cash bid. When people used
<보기> their credit cards, their bids were much more reckless.
don’t expend / necessary / more mental effort They no longer felt the need to limit their expenses.
which / seem / typically / in a given situation
mean / we / than <조건>
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
___________________________________ 2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 17단어로 영작
___________________________________ 3) 주절, 분사구문의 순서로 쓸 것
___________________________________
___________________________________ <보기>
pay / the /with / fundamentally / the / we
alter / way / plastic / calculus / of / change
financial / spend / decisions / money / us

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 정답 및 해설

<정답> 49) ④
50) ⑤
1) ② 51) ②
2) ① what → which 52) ②
3) ⑤ hard → easy 53) ② that → which
4) ④ 54) ④ thrive → collapse
5) ⑤ 55) ④
6) (A) attract → are attracted 56) ①
(B) that → what 57) ④ feeling → feel
(D) what → that 58) ⑤ easier → tougher
7) ② conceals → reflects 59) ②
8) ④ 60) ⑤
9) ③ 61) ⑤ shaped – was shaped
10) ③ which → that 62) ④ specific - abstract
11) ⑤ more → less 63) ②
12) ② 64) ③
13) ⑤ 65) ③ expands - narrows
14) (A) understands → understanding 66) ②
(B) helping → to help 67) (A) what – that
(D) used → use (B) triggers - is triggered
15) ④ reject → take (C) protects - protecting
16) ④ 68) ④
17) ② 69) ⑤
18) (B) which ⟶ that 70) ① what → that
(C) that ⟶ which 71) ④ conserve → expend
(D) criticizing ⟶ criticize 72) ②
19) ③ possible → impossible 73) ⑤
20) ④ 74) ③ what → that
21) ③ 75) ④ less → more
22) (A) that → what 76) ③
(C) meaning → means 77) ③
(D) allowing → allows 78) One thing that continually astonishes me is the degree
23) ③ universal → specific to which we’re influenced by sheer convenience
24) ③ 79) It turns out that the arrow is as likely to point in the
25) ⑤ reverse direction
26) ① which → where 80) that we too often tend to treat “conversation” as a
27) ③ willing → forced game of waiting for our own turn to speak
28) ④ 81) Problems are only solved when people take the
29) ③ knowledge provided by science and use it
30) ① 82) we think that if other people are logical, objective, and
31) ② what → that rational, they will agree with us and see what we see
32) ④ ignore → detect 83) knowledge is organized into coherent frameworks, and
33) ⑤ the expert understands the inter-relationship between
34) ⑤ facts and can distinguish which ideas are most central
35) (A) launch ⟶ launching 84) One of these is the ecological fallacy, where an
(B) what ⟶ that argument claims that there is a causal relationship
(D) sacrificing ⟶ to sacrifice between two things merely because they occur
36) ① reflects → distorts together
37) ② 85) Were he to be tested on such tasks, he also would
perform poorly
38) ⑤
39) (A) themselves → them 86) this powerful sense of ownership distorts their
perception of value which causes them to overprice
(C) dies → die
their products
(D) become → becoming
87) This unusual strategy succeeds because while apes and
40) ③ fails → succeeds
elephants produce fewer babies than mice, a larger
41) ⑤
percentage of their offspring survive to then reproduce.
42) ⑤
88) This makes it possible for other scientists to reconsider
43) (A) them → themselves
their data and possibly refute their conclusions.
(B) availably → available
89) As you might guess, unfamiliar stories were not remembered
(E) limiting → being limited
as well as familiar stories.
44) ③
90) And looking at the historical records of the ancient
45) ④
civilizations, some things do seem to happen again
46) ②
and again.
47) ③ what → that
91) Dweck found that kids who are told they are “smart”
48) ③ similar → different

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 정답 및 해설

actually underperform in future tasks, by choosing

easier tasks to avoid evidence that they are not smart
92) One of their findings involved the reasons many riders
like to plant themselves close to the train’s doors
93) It automatically closes down the airway, reducing the
risk of swallowing water, and it narrows the small air
passages in the lungs
94) which means we typically don’t expend more mental
effort than seems necessary in a given situation.
95) Paying with plastic fundamentally changes the way we
spend money, altering the calculus of our financial
decisions.

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