(TPE 변형1차-대의형) - 고1 2021년 9월 학생용.
hwp 1
1. 20. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? 1) 21. 다음 글을 읽고 아래의 물음에 답하시오.
Nothing is trash by nature. Anthropologist Mary
As you set about to write, it is worth reminding
Douglas brings back and analyzes the common
yourself that while you ought to have a point of
saying that dirt is “matter out of place.” Dirt is
view, you should avoid telling your readers what
relative, she emphasizes. “Shoes are not dirty in
to think. Try to hang a question mark over it
themselves, but it is dirty to place them on the
all. This way you allow your readers to think for
diningtable; food is not dirty in itself, but it is
themselves about the points and arguments
dirty to leave pots and pans in the bedroom, or
you’re making. As a result, they will feel more
food all over clothing; similarly, bathroom items
involved, finding themselves just as committed to
in the living room; clothing lying on chairs;
the arguments you’ve made and the insights
outdoor things placed indoors; upstairs things
you’ve exposed as you are. You will have written
downstairs, and so on.” Sorting the dirty from
an essay that not only avoids passivity in the
the clean ― removing the shoes from the table,
reader, but is interesting and gets people to
putting the dirty clothing in the washing
think.
machine ― involves systematic ordering and
classifying. Eliminating dirt is thus a positive
① Writers should avoid vague expressions.
process.
② Good writers encourage readers to think
actively
③ Readers have to try to find what authors
2. 위 글의 주제문을 찾아 그 해석을 쓰시오2)
arguments are. 더러운 것은 상대적인 것이다.
④ Subjectivity is a enemy to be a good writer.
⑤ Ask and give readers the answer, it give 3. 위 신발은 더러운 것일 수도 있고, 깨끗한 것일 수도
readers interests and attention to the essay. 있다. 그 이유를 설명하시오3)
더러운 것은 상대적이기 때문이다. 즉 신발장에 있는 신
발은 더러운 것이 아니고, 식탁 위에 놓여 있는 신발은
더러운 것이다.
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4. 22. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? 4) 23.다음 글을 읽고 아래의 물음에 답하시오.
It’s important that you think independently and Vegetarian eating is moving into the mainstream
fight for what you believe in, but there comes a as more and more young adults say no to meat,
time when it’s wiser to stop fighting for your poultry, and fish. According to the American
view and move on to accepting what a Dietetic Association, “approximately planned
trustworthy group of people think is best. This vegetarian diets are healthful, are nutritionally
can be extremely difficult. But it’s smarter, and adequate, and provide health benefits in the
ultimately better for you to be openminded and prevention and treatment of certain diseases.”
have faith that the conclusions of a trustworthy But health concerns are not the only reason that
group of people are better than whatever you young adults give for changing their diets. Some
think. If you can’t understand their view, you’re make the choice out of concern for animal
probably just blind to their way of thinking. If
rights. When faced with the statistics that show
you continue doing what you think is best when
the majority of animals raised as food live in
all the evidence and trustworthy people are
confinement, many teens give up meat to protest
against you, you’re being dangerously confident.
those conditions. Others turn to vegetarianism to
The truth is that while most people can become
support the environment. Meat production uses
incredibly openminded, some can’t, even after
they have repeatedly encountered lots of pain vast amounts of water, land, grain, and energy
from betting that they were right when they and creates problems with animal waste and
were not. resulting pollution.
① When discussing, we should not emotional but 5. 위 글에서 젊은이들이 채식을 선택하는 이유 3가지를
rational. 한글로 쓰시오5)
② To persuade others, you need to be 건강 / 동물의 권리 대한 관심 / 환경 보호
open-minded
③ Do not be persuaded from untrustworthy ones. 6. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?6)
④ Trust is the best way to get to an agreement.
① Why vegetarian diets are healthier than
⑤ Do not narrow-minded, acknowledge you can
carnivore eating?
be wrong.
② Do not eat meat, then you destroy the earth!
③ Why we should be a vegetarian?
④ Many young adults try not to meat, Why?
⑤ We should protect animals right.
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24. 다음 글을 읽고 아래의 물음에 답하시오. 29. 다음 글을 읽고 아래의 물음에 답하시오.
Diversity, challenge, and conflict help us An economic theory of Say’s Law holds that
maintain our imagination. Most people assume everything that’s made will get sold. The money
that conflict is bad and that being in one’s from anything that’s produced is used to buy
“comfort zone” is good. That is not exactly true. something else. There can never be a situation
Of course, we don’t want to find ourselves in which a firm finds that it can’t sell its goods
without a job or medical insurance or in a fight and so has to dismiss workers and close its
with our partner, family, boss, or coworkers. factories. Therefore, recessions and
One bad experience can be sufficient to last us unemployment are impossible. Picture the level
a lifetime. But small disagreements with family of spending like the level of water in a bath.
and friends, trouble with technology or finances, Say’s Law applies because people use all their
or challenges at work and at home can help us earnings to buy things. But what happens if
think through our own capabilities. Problems people don’t spend all their money, saving some
that need solutions force us to use our brains in of it instead? Savings are a ‘leakage’ of
order to develop creative answers. Navigating spending from the economy. You’re probably
landscapes that are varied, that offer trials and imagining the water level now falling, so there’s
occasional conflicts, is more helpful to creativity less spending in the economy. That would mean
than hanging out in landscapes that pose no firms producing less and dismissing some of
challenge to our senses and our minds. Our two their workers.
millionyear history is packed with challenges
and conflicts. 9. 위 글의 밑줄 친 문장에서 저축이 지출의 누수인 이유
를 세이의 법칙을 이용하여 한글로 쓰시오.9)
7. 위 글의 내용과 가장 일치하는 것은?7) 세이의 법칙에 의하면 생산된 모든 물품은 다 팔려서 경
① 갈등이나 어려움은 상상력을 갖기 힘들게 한다. 제가 균형을 이룬다. 따라서 사람들이 수입을 다 쓰지 않
② 대부분은 편안한 구역에 머무는 것은 좋은 것이라는 고 절약(저축)한다면 균형을 위한 지출이 줄어드는 것이
것을 의심 한다 므로 누출이 되는 것이다.
③ 하나의 나쁜 경험이 평생 지속될 수도 있다.
④ 다양한 환경과 갈등을 경험하는 것은 창의성 개발에
장애가 된다.
⑤ 인간의 역사는 창의성을 추구를 통해 발전해 왔다.
8. 위 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?8)
① Maintaining imagination is crucial to develop
creativity
② Most people are afraid of making changes.
③ We need wisdoms to overcome conflicts and
challenges
④ Occasional difficulties are necessary to build
and keep creativity.
⑤ We can’d deal with problems without creativity.
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10. 30. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?10) 11. 31. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?11)
Hunting can explain how humans developed Sometimes it is the simpler product that gives a
reciprocal altruism and social exchange. Humans business a competitive advantage. Until recently,
seem to be unique among primates in showing bicycles had to have many gears, often 15 or
extensive reciprocal relationships that can last 20, for them to be considered highend. But
years, decades, or a lifetime. Meat from a large fixedgear bikes with minimal features have
game animal comes in quantities that exceed become more popular, as those who buy them
what a single hunter and his immediate family are happy to pay more for much less. The
could possibly consume. Furthermore, hunting overall profitability of these bikes is much higher
success is highly variable; a hunter who is than the more complex ones because they do a
successful one week might fail the next. These single thing really well without the cost of added
conditions encourage food sharing from hunting. complexity. Companies should be careful of
The costs to a hunter of giving away meat he getting into a war over adding more features
cannot eat immediately are low because he with their competitors, as this will increase cost
cannot consume all the meat himself and and almost certainly reduce profitability because
leftovers will soon spoil. The benefits can be of competitive pressure on price.
large, however, when those who are given his
food return the generous favor later on when he ① Features of competitive advantage.
has failed to get food for himself. In essence, ② What is the high-end bikes?
hunters can store extra meat in the bodies of ③ Difficulty to make complex bikes.
their friends and neighbors. ④ Why expensive bikes are not popular?
*reciprocal altruism: 상호 이타주의 **primates: 영장 ⑤ Who win in the market? complex or simple?
류
① Cooperation is important to succeed hunting
animals
② Hunt-gathers stored leftovers of meat in many
places that neighbors couldn’t know.
③ Hunting was the major survival method to
humanity.
④ Human developed storing technology through
using leftovers from hunting.
⑤ Human developed altruism by using efficiently
hunted meat.
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12. 32. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? 12) 33. 다음 글을 읽고 아래의 물음에 답하시오.
Many evolutionary biologists argue that humans One big difference between science and stage
developed language for economic reason. We magic is that while magicians hide their mistakes
needed to trade, and we needed to establish from the audience, in science you make your
trust in order to trade. Language is very handy mistakes in public. You show them off so that
when you are trying to conduct business with everybody can learn from them. This way, you
someone. Two early humans could not only get the advantage of everybody else’s
agree to trade three wooden bowls for six experience, and not just your own idiosyncratic
bunches of bananas but establish rules as well. path through the space of mistakes. This, by the
What wood was used for the bowls? Where did way, is another reason why we humans are so
you get the bananas? That business deal would much smarter than every other species. It is not
have been nearly impossible using only gestures that our brains are bigger or more powerful, or
and confusing noises, and carrying it out even that we have the ability to reflect on our
according to terms agreed upon creates a bond own past errors, but that we share the benefits
of trust. Language allows us to be specific, and that our individual brains have earned from
this is where conversation plays a key role. their individual histories of trial and error.
① Importance of trust when conducting deals 13. 인간은 사회적으로 서로 교류하고 공유함으로 발전해
② Way of removing vagueness in trade 왔다. 위 글에서 인간의 발전에 기여한 인간만의 특징은
무엇인가? 영어로 쓰시오.13)
③ Dependence on language in economy.
④ One of reasons of developing language sharing mistakes / learning from other’s trial an d
⑤ Critical roles of economy in human history. erros
14. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?14)
① Difference humans and animals in evolution
② Trial and errors of humans in science
③ Advantage of sharing mistakes in human
history.
④ Human’s ability to reflect on their past
mistakes.
⑤ Underestimation of human brain’s capacity.
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34. 다음 글을 읽고 아래의 물음에 답하시오. 35.다음 글을 읽고 아래의 물음에 답하시오.
The last two decades of research on the science The Zeigarnik effect is commonly referred to as
of learning have shown conclusively that we the tendency of the subconscious mind to
remember things better, and longer, if we remind you of a task that is incomplete until
discover them ourselves rather than being told that task is complete. Bluma Zeigarnik was a
them. This is the teaching method practiced by Lithuanian psychologist who wrote in the 1920s
physics professor Eric Mazur. He doesn’t lecture about the effects of leaving tasks incomplete.
in his classes at Harvard. Instead, he asks She noticed the effect while watching waiters
students difficult questions, based on their serve in a restaurant. The waiters would
homework reading, that require them to pull remember an order, however complicated, until
together sources of information to solve a the order was complete, but they would later
problem. Mazur doesn’t give them the answer; find it difficult to remember the order. Zeigarnik
instead, he asks the students to break off into did further studies giving both adults and
small groups and discuss the problem among children puzzles to complete then interrupting
themselves. Eventually, nearly everyone in the them during some of the tasks. The results
class gets the answer right, and the concepts showed that both adults and children
stick with them because they had to find their remembered the tasks that hadn’t been
own way to the answer. completed because of the interruptions better
than the ones that had been completed.
15. 위 글에서 Eric Mazur 교수가 강의를 하지 않은 이
유를 한글로 설명하시오.15) 17. 사람이 이루어 지지 못한 첫사랑을 잊지 못하는 이유
문제를 제시하고 그 해답을 학생들 스스로 찾게 하기 위 를 위의 Zeigarnik effect 를 이용하여 설명하시오.17)
하여
과거에 완성되지 못한 일이 더 기억난다는 자이가르닉
16. 위 글의 주제문이라 여겨지는 문장을 찾아 그 해석으 효과이다, 따라서 이루어 지지 못한 첫사랑은 잊혀지기
쓰시오16) 힘든 것이다.
학습과학에 관한 지난 20년간의 연구는 만약 우리가 무
언가에 관해서 듣는 것보다 스스로 발견한다면 우리는
그것들을 더 잘 기억하고, 더 오래 기억한다는 것을 결론
적으로 보여주었다. .
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36. 다음 글을 읽고 아래의 물음에 답하시오. 37.다음 글을 읽고 아래의 물음에 답하시오.
Understanding how to develop respect for and a In a study, a researcher pretending to be a
knowledge of other cultures begins with volunteer surveyed a California neighborhood,
reexamining the golden rule: “I treat others in asking residents if they would allow a large sign
the way I want to be treated.” This rule makes reading ‘‘Drive Carefully’’ to be displayed on
sense on some level; if we treat others as well their front lawns. To help them understand what
as we want to be treated, we will be treated well it would look like, the volunteer showed his
in return. This rule works well in a participants a picture of the large sign blocking
monocultural setting, where everyone is working the view of a beautiful house. Naturally, most
within the same cultural framework. In a people refused, but in one particular group, an
multicultural setting, however, where words, incredible 76 percent actually approved. The
gestures, beliefs, and views may have different reason that they agreed was this: two weeks
meanings, this rule has an unintended result; it earlier, these residents had been asked by
can send a message that my culture is better another volunteer to make a small commitment
than yours. It can also create a frustrating to display a tiny sign that read ‘‘Be a Safe
situation where we believe we are doing what is Driver’’ in their windows. Since it was such a
right, but what we are doing is not being small and simple request, nearly all of them
interpreted in the way in which it was meant. agreed. The astonishing result was that the
This miscommunication can lead to problems. initial small commitment deeply influenced their
willingness to accept the much larger request
18. 위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?18) two weeks later.
① Necessity of communication to respect other
cultures. 20. 위 글에서 특정 그룹이 표시판 설치를 허락한 이유를
② Impotance of Goldern rule in life. 한글로 설명하시오.20)
③ Difficulties to communicate with people from 과거의 작은 약속이 미래의 더 큰 약속에 영향을 미쳤다.
different cultures
④ Benefits of understanding and respecting other
cultures.
⑤ Application of Golden Rule in various types of
cultural environments.
19. 위 글에 의하면 multi-culture 환경에서는
golden-rule의 적용이 frustrating 하거나
miscommunication을 야기 할 수 있다. 그 이유를 예를
들어 추론하시오.19)
예1) 외국인에게 내가 가장 좋아하는 된장찌개를 끊여 줬
는데, 그 외국인은 썩은 냄새가 난다고 역겨워 할 수 도
있다. 즉 내가 좋아하는 것, 내가 대접받고 받고 싶은
것이 다른 문화에서도 똑같을 수는 없다.
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21. 38. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? 21) 39. 다음 글을 읽고 아래의 물음에 답하시오.
Studies have consistently shown caffeine to be Rewarding business success doesn’t always have
effective when used together with a pain reliever to be done in a material way. A software
to treat headaches. The positive correlation company I once worked for had a great way of
between caffeine intake and staying alert recognizing sales success. The sales director
throughout the day has also been well kept an air horn outside his office and would
established. As little as 60 mg (the amount come out and blow the horn every time a
typically in one cup of tea) can lead to a faster salesperson settled a deal. The noise, of course,
reaction time. However, using caffeine to interrupted anything and everything happening
improve alertness and mental performance in the office because it was unbelievably loud.
doesn’t replace getting a good night’s sleep. One However, it had an amazingly positive impact on
study from 2018 showed that coffee improved everyone. Sometimes rewarding success can be
reaction times in those with or without poor as easy as that, especially when peer recognition
sleep, but caffeine seemed to increase errors in is important. You should have seen the way the
the group with little sleep. Additionally, this rest of the sales team wanted the air horn blown
study showed that even with caffeine, the group for them. *air horn: (압축 공기로 작동하는) 경적
with little sleep did not score as well as those
with adequate sleep. It suggests that caffeine 22. 위 글에서 판매 관리자가 경적을 울린 이유로 가장
does not fully make up for inadequate sleep. 적절한 것을 고르시오.22)
① To encourage employers to improve their
① Eating Too much Caffeine is harmful to outcomes.
health. ② To reward successful workers by making them
recognized by peers.
② Caffeine doesn’t improve alertness when
③ To let them know they have settled the goal.
working.
④ To give sales person positive motivation.
③ Caffeine can’t take place of enough sleep.
⑤ To force workers to concentrate on their
④ Adequate sleep is one of the best ways to
tasks.
have longevity.
⑤ Reaction time has something to do with
Caffeine.
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23. 40. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? 23) 41~42. 다음 글을 읽고 아래의 물음에 답하시오.
Nancy Lowry and David Johnson conducted an The market’s way of telling a firm about its
experiment to study a teaching environment failures is harsh and brief. Not only are
where fifth and sixth graders were assigned to complaints less expensive to handle but they
interact on a topic. With one group, the also can cause the seller to improve. The seller
discussion was led in a way that built an may learn something as well. I remember a
agreement. With the second group, the cosmetics company that received complaints
discussion was designed to produce about sticky sunblock lotion. At the time, all
disagreements about the right answer. Students such lotions were more or less sticky, so the
who easily reached an agreement were less risk of having customers buy products from a
interested in the topic, studied less, and were rival company was not great. But this was also
less likely to visit the library to get additional an opportunity. The company managed to
information. The most noticeable difference, develop a product that was not sticky and
though, was revealed when teachers showed a captured 20 percent of the market in its first
special film about the discussion topic — year. Another company had the opposite
during lunch time! Only 18 percent of the problem. Its products were not sticky enough.
agreement group missed lunch time to see the The company was a Royal Post Office in Europe
film, but 45 percent of the students from the and the product was a stamp. The problem was
disagreement group stayed for the film. The that the stamp didn’t stick to the envelope.
thirst to fill a knowledge gap —to find out Management contacted the stamp producer who
who was right within the group — can be made it clear that if people just moistened the
more powerful than the thirst for slides and stamps properly, they would stick to any piece
jungle gyms. of paper. What to do? Management didn’t take
long to come to the conclusion that it would be
① Fair assignments are a key to make students more costly to try to educate its customers to
get to agreements. wet each stamp rather than to add more glue.
② Intellectual thirst is important for students to The stamp producer was told to add more glue
research the unknown. and the problem didn’t occur again. Since it is
③ Discussion is the best way to reach agreements better for the firm to have buyers complain
when there are conflicts. rather than go elsewhere, it is important to
④ Not only students in studying but also teachers make it easier for dissatisfied customers to
prefer films to experiments. complain.
⑤ Disagreement about a subject encourages
students to be more enthusiastic to the study.
24. 위 글에서 회사가 비교적 저렴한 비용으로 스스로 개
선할 수 있도록 이것을 권장해야 한다고 했다. 이것이
나타내는 말을 찾아 쓰시오.24)
complain / complaint
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24) complain / complaint
1) ②
2) 더러운 것은 상대적인 것이다.
3) 더러운 것은 상대적이기 때문이다. 즉 신발장에 있
는 신발은 더러운 것이 아니고, 식탁 위에 놓여 있는
신발은 더러운 것이다.
4) ⑤
5) 건강 / 동물의 권리 대한 관심 / 환경 보호
6) ④
7) ③
8) ④
9) 세이의 법칙에 의하면 생산된 모든 물품은 다 팔려
서 경제가 균형을 이룬다. 따라서 사람들이 수입을 다
쓰지 않고 절약(저축)한다면 균형을 위한 지출이 줄어드
는 것이므로 누출이 되는 것이다.
10) ⑤
11) ⑤
12) ④
13) sharing mistakes / learning from other’s
trial and error
14) ③
15) 문제를 제시하고 그 해답을 학생들 스스로 찾게 하
기 위하여
16) 학습과학에 관한 지난 20년간의 연구는 만약 우리
가 무언가에 관해서 듣는 것보다 스스로 발견한다면 우
리는 그것들을 더 잘 기억하고, 더 오래 기억한다는 것
을 결론적으로 보여주었다.
17) 과거에 완성되지 못한 일이 더 기억난다는 자이가
르닉 효과이다, 따라서 이루어 지지 못한 첫사랑은 잊
혀지기 힘든 것이다.
18) ⑤
19) 예1) 외국인에게 내가 가장 좋아하는 된장찌개를
끊여 줬는데, 그 외국인은 썩은 냄새가 난다고 역겨워
할 수 도 있다. 즉 내가 좋아하는 것, 내가 대접받고
받고 싶은 것이 다른 문화에서도 똑같을 수는 없다.
20) 과거의 작은 약속이 미래의 더 큰 약속에 영향을
미쳤다.
21) ③
22) ②
23) ⑤
- 10 - www.tonyparkenglish.com
