2-1

01 a+0 m n
p.12 p.12

01 ( m>n aµ ÑÇ`
am_an=a
01 ` `

1
4+5¥ m=n 13Ü`_3ß`
xÝ`_xÞ`=x aµ`=
`ÖaÇ``={ m n
¥ 1 aµ``_aÇ`=aµ``±Ç`
yÜ`_yÜ` 9 m<n aÇ`Û`ѵ_` Ý`_ Þ`
aÜ`_a 2Ü`_xÛ`_xÝ`_2
xÛ`_y_x_yÝ` aÜ`_bÛ`_a_bÜ` x=xÚ`
a_a_a_y_a=aÇ`` aµ ÖaÇ`+aµ``±Ç`` aµ Öaµ``+0 aµ ÖaÇ`+amÖn
0
|
}
|
)

n aµ``ÖaÇ` m n
=aÜ` ±Ú`=a`

02 aá`ÖaÞ`ÖaÛ`=aá` ÑÞ`ÖaÛ`=aÝ`ÖaÛ`=aÝ` ÑÛ`=aÛ` (am)n=a =(2Ü`_2)_(xÛ`_xÝ`)=2Ü` ±Ú`_xÛ` ±Ý`=2Ý`xß`=1

=(xÛ`_x)_(y_yÝ`)=xÛ` ±Ú`_yÚ` ±Ý`= ` `
`

a+0
3_6 aÞ`ÖaÛ` aÜ`ÖaÜ` aÛ`ÖaÞ` a
(xÜ`)ß`=x = (yÝ`)Þ` =(aÜ`_a)_(bÛ`_bÜ`)=aÜ` ±Ú`_bÛ` ±Ü`=a`b`
2 (aà`)Û`
aÞ` a_a_a_a_a
aÞ`ÖaÛ`= =
aÛ`
=a_a_a=aÜ`
a_a (5Û`)á`
aÞ`ÖaÛ`=aÞ` ÑÛ`
aÜ` a_a_a
aÜ`ÖaÜ`= = =1
1
aÜ` a_a_a
aÛ` a_a 1 1 xÞ`_y_y`_x`=xà`yÞ` ab a b
aÛ`ÖaÞ`= = = =
aÞ` a_a_a_a_a a_a_a aÜ`
1
m n aÛ`ÖaÞ`= 3Ü`_81=3
a5-2
1 1 2Û`_2`_2Ü`=128 a
aµ``_aÇ`=aµ``±Ç` =
aÞ`ÖaÛ`=aÞ` ÑÛ`=aÜ` aÜ`ÖaÜ`=1 aÛ`ÖaÞ`=
03 aÞ` ÑÛ` aÜ` amÖan
( `a
m-n
(m n)
aµ``_aÇ`+aµ``Ç` xÚ``Öxß`=x10-6= aÞ`ÖaÞ` ={¥ (m=n)
¥9 1
(m n)
aÜ`_aÞ`=(a_a_a)_(a_a_a_a_a)=a¡` bÝ`ÖbÚ`Û`n á`Ö Þ` aÇ ` µ``

a¡` 8 aÜ`_aÞ` 3 5
(ab)Ç`=aÇ` bÇ` {;bA;}Ç`=
aÇ`
bÇ`
`( b+0) 02 ` `
aÜ`_aÞ`=aÜ` ±Þ`=a¡` aÜ`_aÞ`=aÜ` ±Þ` m n
(aµ``)Ç`=aµ``Ç`
xÛ`_yÜ`_xÞ`_yÛ`=xÛ`_xÞ`_yÜ`_yÛ`=xÛ` ±Þ`_yÜ` ±Û`=xà`yÞ`
(x )Þ`=xÛ``
04
(-a) =a (-a) =-a (-3)Û`=3Û` (-3)Ü`=-3Ü` n
(ab) =
(xÞ`)Ü`_(xÜ`)ß`=x (aÛ`)Ý` aÛ` 4
(ab)Ç`=ab_ab_y_ab n
{;bA;} =
(xy)Ý`=x1_4y1_4= (aÜ`bÛ`)Þ` (x )Ü`_(yÛ`) _(xÞ`)Ü`_y=xÛ`Ú`yá`
(
|
{
|
9

(aÛ`)Ý`=aÛ`_aÛ`_aÛ`_aÛ`
m n n
=a2+2+2+2=a¡`
(aµ )Ç`=aµÇ Ç` =a_a_y_a_b_b_y_b=aÇ` bÇ`
ab (ab)Ý`=aÝ`bÝ`
(
È
{
È
9

(
È
{
È
9

(3xÛ`)Ý` n { }3` (x )Þ`=x _5=xÛ` ` _5=20 =

2n
(ab)Ý`=ab_ab_ab_ab=aÝ`bÝ` (xÞ`)Ü`_(xÜ`)ß`=x5_3_x3_6=xÚ`Þ`_xÚ`¡`=xÚ`Þ`±Ú`¡`=xÜ`Ü` =
(aµ )Ç`+aµ ±Ç`
aÜ` (x )Ü`_(yÛ`) _(xÞ`)Ü`_y=x _3_y2_ _xÚ`Þ`_y=x _3+15 2_
y +1
=xÛ`Ú`yá`
n {;bA;}`Ü =
bÜ`
(
|
{
|
9

(aµ``)Ç` aµ`` n aÇ` _3+15=21 _3=6 =

{;bA;}Ç`=;bA;_;bA;_y_;bA;=
bÇ` 2_ +1= 2_ =8 =
n
(
|
{
|
9

05
n
9
\¥
{
\¥
(

(aµ``)Ç`=aµ``_aµ``_y_aµ``=am+m+`y`+m=am_n=amn (-a) =a
a a a aÜ`
{;bA;}Ü`= _ _ = (-a) =-a 2
(
|
{
|
9

n b b b bÜ` (-y)ß`
(-x)Þ`
(aÛ`)Ý`=aÛ`_aÛ`_aÛ`_aÛ`=aÛ` ±Û ` ±Û` ±Û`=a¡` bÛ` Ü` (bÛ`)Ü` bß` (xà`)`_(y`)Û`_( `)Þ`=xÛ`¡`y¡` Ú`Þ` a+b-
(xyÛ`)Ü`=xÜ`_(yÛ`)Ü`=xÜ`yß` { }= =
a¡` 8 (aÛ`)Ý` 2 4 (-abÛ`)Ü` aÜ` { (aÜbÞ``)Ü}4` ` aá` a b
2_4 aÛ`
(aÛ`)Ý`=a =a¡` (a Û` ) Ý`=a 2_4
2`_64=8` x
(xÝ`)Ü`_(xÜ`)Û`=x4_3_x3_2=xÚ`Û`_xß`=x12+6=xÚ``¡

32 II. 34 II. 33 35

p.13 p.14

p.12 p.12

am_an=a 01 01
01 ` `
xà`_x yÛ`_yÞ`_yÜ` (5Ü`)Ý`=5à` 3Û`_3Ý`_3Þ`=3Ú`Ú` 2ß`Ö2Û`Ö2=2Ü` m n
m n
2 2Û` aµ``_aÇ`=aµ`` Ç`
aÛ`_bÞ`_bÝ`_aÜ`_b (aÜ`)ß`_(aß`)Û`_(aÞ`)Û` aµ``_aÇ`=aµ``±Ç` (2_3)Þ`=2Þ`_3Þ` { }Û`=
3Ü` 3ß` (aµ``)Ç`=aµ``Ç`
aÜ`_a 2Ü`_xÛ`_xÝ`_2 (a
m-n
(m n)
(xÜ`)Ü`_(yÛ`)Ý`_yÝ` (xÝ`)Û`_(yÞ`)Û`_(xà`)Ü` 1 (m=n)
xÛ`_y_x_yÝ` aÜ`_bÛ`_a_bÜ` x=xÚ` aµ``ÖaÇ`={
1
9 an-m (m n)

=aÜ` ±Ú`=a`
=(2Ü`_2)_(xÛ`_xÝ`)=2Ü` ±Ú`_xÛ` ±Ý`=2Ý`xß`=1 `
02 (ab)Ç`=aÇ` bÇ`
a Ç` aÇ`
(am)n=a { }= ( b+0)
(4Û`)Ü` 4Ü`_4Ü` 4Ú`Û`Ö4Û` b bÇ`
=(xÛ`_x)_(y_yÝ`)=xÛ` ±Ú`_yÚ` ±Ý`= ` `
=(aÜ`_a)_(bÛ`_bÜ`)=aÜ` ±Ú`_bÛ` ±Ü`=a`b` 2Ý`_2Ý`_2Ý` 4Þ`+4Þ`+4Þ`+4Þ`

1 02
xÞ`_y_y`_x`=xà
2Þ`Ö2Ü` `yÞ` ab a b 2ß`Ö2ß` 03 2Þ` 2` =1
3Ü`_81=3
2Ý`Ö2Þ` xá`ÖxÜ`ÖxÝ` 1 2 2 2 2
m n
2Û`_2`_2Ü`=128 a
a Öa
( `a
m-n
(m n) xß`ÖxÞ`Öxà` (aÝ`)Û`Ö(aÜ`)Û`Ö(aÞ`)Ü`
={¥ (m=n)
¥9 1
aÇ ` µ``
(m n)
3Ý`Ö3Ü`Ö3ß` (2Û`)Ü`Ö2Ö(2Ü`)Ü`
04 x y

02 xÞ` `
xà`
` aÛ`
aÛ` {
aÛ`b` Û` bß
a`bÜ`
}=
aÝ`
x-y
m n
4` ±Ü`=4`_2` y
(aµ``)Ç`=aµ``Ç`

n
(x )Þ`=xÛ``
(ab) =
n
(xÞ`)Ü`_(xÜ`)ß`=x (aÛ`)Ý` aÛ` 4
{;bA;} =
(x )Ü`_(yÛ`) _(xÞ`)Ü`_y=xÛ`Ú`yá` (aÛ`)Ý`=aÛ`_aÛ`_aÛ`_aÛ`
=a2+2+2+2=a¡`
05 x

2`_8=4Ü` 81ß` 2 `=3á`

(x )Þ`=x _5=xÛ` ` _5=20 =
03(xÞ`)Ü`_(xÜ`)ß`=x5_3_x3_6=xÚ`Þ`_xÚ`¡`=xÚ`Þ`±Ú`¡`=xÜ`Ü` =
(x )Ü`_(yÛ`) _(xÞ`)Ü`_y=x _3_y2_ _xÚ`Þ`_y=x _3+15 2_
y +1
=xÛyÜ``Ú yá`Û`
(xÜ`yÛ`)Ý` { }
xà`
06
_3+15=21 _3=6 =
x=3` ÑÛ` 2 ` x
2_ +1= 2_ =8 =
xÛ` Ü
(-4xÛ`)Û` {- }`
(-a) =a 3
(-a) =-a 2
(aÛ`b Ü`)Þ`
(xà`)`_(y`)Û`_( `)Þ`=xÛ`¡`y¡` Ú`Þ` a+b-
(-2aÜ`b)Ý`
07 2 5 10

a b 2Þ`_5 n n
2`_64=8` x 220_1511
n n
6Ú`Ú`

38 II. 35 39
 p.18
09 2
5xy_(-6y)=-30xyÛ`

1 05 2xÜ`_(-3xÛ`)=-6xÞ`
13 -{
-aÛ` Û Û`
3
}`
3x
12ß`Ö Ö2 Û`=1 12xÛ`yÜ`Ö(-4xyÝ`)=-
y
01 16Ý`_8 Ö32Ü`=2`
4xyÖ xyÜ`=
8
aß` aß`
12
a¡`
18
2`_2`_2Þ`=2Ú`` yÛ` a¡` a¡`
(3Û`)Ý`=3ß` 16xÛ`yÛ`Ö8xyÛ`_2x=4xÛ`y 2 81
(2_5)`=2`_5`
3ß`Ö3Û`Ö3=3Ü`
2 2Ü`
{ }`=
3Û` 3ß`
06 2`_3` x+y
x y 10 6xyÝ`_{-; ;}Û`Ö3xÛ`y 14 (x`y` `)`=xÛ`Ý`yÜ`Û` Ú`ß`
a+b+
( a b )

02
aÝ`_aÛ`=a xÚ`Û`Öx =xÜ`

11
(xÜ`)Û` 1
(2aÛ`)Ü`= aß` =x ; ;aÛ`bÝ` Ö{- abÜ` Û`}Û`_ =-; ;aÜ`bÞ` Û`
2
(-3xyÛ`)Û`= xÛ`y
xÜ`
07 5Ý`+5Ý`+5Ý`+5Ý`+5Ý`
25 15 =2x+1 =5x-2 10x 4x

5Ü` 3Þ` 5Ý` 8

- -; ;abÞ` Ü` -4aÜ`bß` Þ` 10 25 50
5Ú`Ü` 5Û`` abÞ` Ü`
2
-2aÜ`bà` Þ` -; ;aÜ`bà` Þ` 25
50
2

03 {-
2x` `Ü
yÞ`
}=
xß` Ü`
y`
a+b-

a b

08 2 `=
1
8Ú`` 12 4abÛ`
16
12 abÛ`
1 1 3`_3Û`=81 a
- ` -
8Û`` ÑÚ`=2` ±à` x
1 48`=(2`_3)`=2`_3Ý` x+y
04 8 a+3
=
16Ú``
2`
=230 a+b Ü` 3 3a 3b x y
( a b ) 3ab bÛ` 3x+1+3`=108 x

46 II. 47

p.19 p.21

_10 21 (-2xÝ`yÜ`)` Ö8x` yÛ`Ö(-2xÝ`y¡`)= xÝ`yÛ`

1 p.20 3 2Þ`_2Þ`_2Þ`_2Þ`_2Þ`=2` 4ß`+4ß`+4ß`+4ß`=4`` 5 -
3x
y`
+ + (5Ü`)Ý`=5` - -
1 5xÜ`yÛ`
ab ( ) (-3xÛ`y)Û`_(-2xyÛ`)Ü`_{- xÛ`yÛ`}Û`=ax`y` 1-1 (-2xÛ`y)` Ö6xy` _2 xÛ`yÜ`= xà`yÞ`
6
8 10 a-b+
+ - 01

II
11 12 a b m n
aµ``_aÇ` =a (aµ``)Ç` =a
(m n aµ`` ÑÇ`
m=n a aÇ`
(-3xÛ`y)Û`_(-2xyÛ`)Ü`_{- xÛ`yÛ`}Û` a+0 amÖan={ (ab)Ç` =aÇ` bÇ` { }Ç` = b+0)
1 b bÇ`
= xÝ`yÛ`_(-8xÜ`yß`)_ xÝ`yÝ` 9m n
a n-m

=-2xÚ`Ú`yÚ`Û`
=ax`y

22 {-
1
xÛ ` yÜ ` } Ü ` Ö Ö{ ; ;xÛ ` yÜ ` } Û ` =xÛ ` y a b 02
2
a=-2 b=11 =12

a b
a-b+ =-2-11+12=-1

-1
1 Ö =

1
2 4
2Ú`Þ`_15Û` `
n n 6 (-2x`)`=16xÚ`Û` 2 Ö = _ =
45Ú`` (-6aÛ`bÜ`)Û`Ö4aÞ`bÛ`Ö(-2b)Ü`
=2x-1 =3x+1 6` 2-1 =2` ±Û` =5` ÑÚ` 40` a b

23 3

2
03
` ``
1
=2x-1=2` Ö2=2`_
2
( 2 ) 2`=2

` ``
=3` ±Ú`=3`_3

3`=
3 1 _
( + )= +

2
Ö
` 0``
xÜ` 6`=(2_3)`=2`_3`

=2 _ =
3

01 m+n mn 1 02 03

49
50 II.
72 II.
I
1 008

II
1 032

2 052

III
1 074

2 104

IV
1 138

2 172
 I

1
 01
1
a b b+0 ;bA;

= -2=-

( 1 2 3 y
( {0
{ 9 -1 -2 -3 y
9 - 0 -2 6 y

2
0 12 35 1 005
0 0 55y 1 234y

3
10
2 5
0 = 02 = 10
10
10=2_5 100=2Û`_5Û`
2 5

2 5
2 5

= = 2 5
2Ü`_5

4
2 5 3
2_3_5Û`

8 I.
 p.2

01
0 0

0 1 0

02 10

1 1_ Ü` 1
= = = 1000 = 0 1
2Ü` 2Ü`_ Ü`

5 5_ Û` 125
= = = = 1
2Û` 2Û`_ Û` 100

1 1_ 5 5
= = = = `= 00
2Û`_5 2Û`_5_ 2Û`_ Û` 100

3 3_ Û` 3_ Û` 1
= = = = 1000 = 0 01
2_5Ü` 2_5Ü`_ Û` Ü` _5Ü`

03
_

_ _

11 _
21
13_5Ü` 3_5Û`_

_ _
3_5_11

9
 p.2

01 10
10
ab

2 5
3 3_b 6
= = = =
a_5Û` a_5Û`_b

3 3_2
= = = =0 06
2_5Û` 2_5Û`_2
a=2 b=2 =100 =0 06 ab =

1 a

_a
= = =0 1 5
2Ü`_5 2Ü`_5_a

_5` 1 5
= = = =0 1 5
2Ü`_5 2Ü`_5_5Û` 1000
a=5`=25

02
2

36 4
2_5Û`_ 2_3_5
2
5

= 3
2_3_5 2
3 5
=
2Ü`_
36 2
= 5
2_5Û`_ 5Û`
4 2
= 3
2_3_5 3_5
2
= = 2 5
2_5Û`

2 2

5
✔ ✔
2_5Û` 2Ü`_3Û`_5
5 1
= = =
2Ý` 2_5Û` 2_5

10 I.
03 _
_x
_x x

x 2
2 5 5

3
= x 11 11
2Û`_5_11

x 110

3 ; A ; a

 2 5
a
;11A2;= a
2Ý`_
a 8

04
n

1 1
= = _n n 3
2_3 2_3 2 5

3 3
= _n n 11
2_5_11 2_5_11
n 3 11 33 n

13 13
= _
3Û`_5 3Û`_5
5 5
= = _
2_ 2_
63 63

11
 p.3

05 _
2Û`_x
15 x x
2Û`_x 2
5

x 2 5
2Û`_x

15 1 2 4 5 8 10 14

3
5 2Ü`_x
x

3
x 2 5 3
2Ü`_x

1 2 3 4 5 6 8

06
a a
; ; ;b; a =
0 2_3Û`_5
a
60 a 0 a-b
x
y
a
; ;= a ;b; x
2_3Û`_5
a
a 63 60 a 0 a=63
= b=10
a-b=63-10=

6 ; A ; ;b;

a 5 a 30 a+b
a a
= a b a 2
350 2_5Û`_

a 2 14 5 a 30 a=14 a=28
a=14 = +;b;

a=28 = =;b; b=25

a+b=28+25=53

12 I.
 p.3

01 b -a
10

3 3_a 15
= = = =
2Û`_5 2Û`_5_a b

3 3_5
= = = =0 15
2Û`_5 2Û`_5_5
a=5 b=100 =0 15 b -a=15-5=10

02
2 5
2Û`_3Ü`_5
2Û` 42 2 5
✔
2_3_5 2Û`_3_
42
= 2
2Û`_3_

03 _x x

11
= x
2Ü`_3Û`
x

04
1

= =
2Û`_5_13 2_5_11
13 11 143 143

05 3
5Ü`_x
x

3
x 2 5 3
5Ü`_x

2Þ`_3= 6

06 ; A ; ;b;

a 40 a 50 a+b
a
; A = a 21
2_3_5_
a 21 40 a 50 a=42

; ;= b=5 a+b=42+5=4

13
 02
1

0 333y 0 35 5 5 y 0 123123y

0 222y 2 0 353535y 35

1 0 y=0
2 0 5 5 5y=0 5
3
0 356 56 y=0 356

0 121212y=0 12 3 123123y=3 123

`
0 3151515y=0 315

5 32532532y=5 32 5 3253253y=5 3253 5 325325y=5 325

2 5

2 10

x 0 342
10 x=0 342=0 34242y

1000
10 100 1000 y 1000x=342 4242y y

10 100 1000 y 10
10x=3 4242y y
- 0x=33

x x= =

14 I.
3
-
a
0 aaay=0 a=

0 = ab
0 abababy=0 ab=
0 63= =
315-3 ab -a
3 15= = a b b b y=a b =

-
ab -a
0 ab b b y=0 ab =
0
ab y=a b
0 ab -ab
621-6 =
0 621= = 0
0
3 1-3
3 1= =
0

( 3 12 0 1 0 348
{ 0 333y 0 1222y 0 123123y
9
0 12345y

a b(b+0) ;bA;

3 1415 26535

15
 p.4

01
0 3 3 3y 2 3050505y 3 46 46 y
0 0 0

02

0 y 0

0 y 0

- 0 y 0

03 x

0 23

0 23 x x=0 2323
x
100 100 =23 2323

- =23 x=

0 236

0 236 x x=0 23636

1000 1000 =236 3636
10 10 =2 3636y

- 0 =234 x=

04 _

-4 1515 0 123456 _

1 053

16 I.
 p.4

01

0 222 =0 22 1 3131 =1 3 2 01515 =2 015

4 5666 =4 56 0 2 22 2 =0 2 2

0 222 =0 2 1 3131 =1 31
2 01515 =2 015 0 2 22 2 =0 2 2

1 2

2 828282 =2 82 ✔ 0 434343 =0 434

0 555 =0 5 3 483483 =3 483
✔ 6 53265326 =6 532
0 434343 =0 43
6 53265326 =6 5326

02
Ö

=2 636363

=2 636363 =

0 01 0

17
 03 n
n
3

50 n

=0 4285 14285 1 =0 1
4 2 8 5 1
50=6_8+2 50 2

3
3 13
30 a

40 b a-b
3
=0 230 6 2 3 0 6 6 30=6_5 30
13
a=
40=6_6+4 40 4 b=
a-b= - =2

04
2 5
a
2Û`_5_a 2 5

11 13 15 1

2 5
2 5
2 5 5
a=11 =
2Û`_5_11 2Û`
a

4 ; A ; a

4 14 21 ✔ 4 56
2 5
2 5
1
a=4 =
2
a

18 I.
 p.5

05 10

1 35 2 342

1 35 x x=1 3535y y
100
100x=135 3535y
100x=135 3535y y
- x=001 3535y
1
- x=134 x= x=134
2 342 x x=2 34242y
1000
1000x=2342 4242y y
10
1000x=2342 4242y
10x=23 4242y y
231 - 10x= 23 4242y
- 0x=231 x= =
0 0x=231

10x-x 100x-x
100x-10x 1000x-x

x=0 5 x=1 6

x=2 0 4 x=4 38
10x=5 555y 100x=1 6 6 6y
- x=0 555y - x= 1 6 6y
10x-x=5 100x-x=1 5
1000x=20 4 0 40 4y 100x=438 888y
- x= 2 0 40 4y - 10x= 43 888y
1000x-x=20 2 100x-10x=3 5

6
2 61 1 213

0 431 0 1325
x=2 6161y y x=1 213213y y
100x=261 6161y y 1000x=1213 213213y y

- x=25 x= - x=1212 x=

x=0 43131y x=0 1325325y

1000x=431 3131y y 10000x=1325 325325y y
10x=4 3131y y 10x=1 325325y y

- 0x=42 x= - 0x=1324 x=

19
 06

0 05= 0 85= 0 051=

ab
0 ab =

2 13= 0 31 = 3

ab -a
0 ab =
0 05= = 0 85= 0 051= = 0

213-2 31 -3 2
2 13= = 0 31 = = =
0 1

7
108-1 1026-10 131-13
1 08= ✔ 1 026= 1 31=
0 0
63-6 35-10
0 063= 1 35=
0
108-10 131-13 63-6 135-1
1 08= 1 31= 0 063= 1 35=
0 0 00

07
0x x

3 5 6 8

15 5x 36 3 x
x 3 4 5 6 x

=0 3 =0 8 03 0x 08
x 3 4 5 6

2 x x

0x 06 x
2 -2
2 = = =3 =5 3 x 5

x 3 4 5 3

0x 06 2x 12 x 6

x 5
20 I.
 p.5

08
0 36+0 64

0 36+0 64= + = =1 0101y=1 01

9
0 a 38 a

=x+0 01 x 0

0 _a=3 8 _a= a=5

0 01= =x+ x= - = =0 45

09
2

=3 1415 2

10 ;bA; (a b b+0)

21
01
✔

=1 333 3 1 =1 1666 6 1 =0 454545 45 2

=1 2666 6 1 =0 6111 1 1

02 45 x
80 y x+y
13
=0 481481y=0 481
2
45=3_15 45 1 x=1
80=3_26+2 80 2 8 y=8
x+y=1+8=

03 2Û`_5_x 2
x 5
2 5 x
2Û`_5_x
3 6 3

04 x=1 345

100x-x 100x-10x 1000x-x

1000x-10x ✔ 1000x-100x
1000x=1345 555y
- 100x= 134 555y
00x=1211

x=

05 x=1 2040404y

204 04 1 204 1 204

1204-12 1204-12
✔ 1000x-10x=11 2 x= x=
0

x=1 2+0 004 x=1 2+0 004

1000x=1204 0404y
- 10x= 12 0404y
0x=11 2

06
✔ 1 43= 0 345= 1 18=

0 4= 4 21=
143-14 12 43 345-34 311 118-11 10
1 43= = = 0 345= = 1 18= =
0 0 30 00 00 0 0
421-4 41 13
0 4= 4 21= = =
33

22 I.
 p.6

07 2

03 05 0 50 ✔ 0 123 0 123

4 168 4 168 ✔ 0 582 0 582

0 3 =0 333y 0 5 =0 555y 4 168=4 168168y
0 50=0 5050y 4 168=4 16868y
=0 3
0 5 0 50 4 168 4 168
03

08 1
5
0x x a

b a-b
0 x 5x 30 x 6

x 2 3 4 5
a=5 b=2 a-b=5-2=3

09 (0 1+0 01+0 001+y)

(0 1+0 01+0 001+y)= _0 1= _ =

10 =x+0 01 x

0 05 0 05 ✔ 05
0 50 0 51
0 01= =x+ x= - = = =0 5

11 16 16
02
x x 1 6-x_1 6=0 2
x- x= x= x=3

12

✔ 2 5

2 5

23
 p.7

1 04 21
5_x
x
01 14 ✔ 18 24
`_ ` `_ _ ` 28 30
21 3_
x=18 = =
5_18 2_3Û`_5 2_3_5
5 2 5 3
2Ü`_5Û`
6
2Ü`_3_5Û` 2Ü`_3Û`_5
05
= =
4 5
=
3 0 82525y=0 825
2_3Û`_11 2Ü`_5Û` 2Ü`
=
3 6
=
1 0 5666y=0 56
2Ü`_3_5Û` 2Ü`_5Û` 2Ü`_3Û`_5 2Û`_3_5
2 312312y=2 31
✔ 6 3214214y=6 3214
3 2 02 0y=3 2
0 82525y=0 825 0 5666y=0 56
2 312312y=2 312 3 2 02 0y=3 2 0

02 14a
2Ü`_3_5Û`_
a
06 2_5Û`_a
14a a a
=
2Ü`_3_5Û`_ 2Û`_3_5Û`
a 3 a
3
4 5 ✔ 6
8
2 5
2_5Û`_a

03 45
252
2
55 07 0 32

100 10 0

x=0 32=0 3222y

121 ✔ 154 1 6
x=32 222y y
231 550
5 5
x=3 222y y
= = _
2Û`_ 2Û`_ - x=2
2 2 2
=
5_11 5_11
_ 11 x=

11
154

24 I.
08 x=2 3 5 12
0 432 0 43 ✔ 0 3+0 6=1
100x-10x 100x-x 0 4_0 3=0 12 0 5-0 21=0 2
1000x-100x ✔ 1000x-10x 0 12 0 12
10x-x 0 3+0 6= + = =1
1000x=23 5 5 5y y
10x=23 5 5y y
- 1000x-10x=2352

09 x=0 4414141y
13 0 83 = _83
0 001
41 = _83 = =0 001
0 441
441-4
x=
0
✔ 1000x-x=43
x

14
1000x-10x=43
0 5=a_0 1 0 15=b_0 01
a b a-b

✔ -10 -5 5
10 15
10 =a_ a=5

=b_ b=15

a-b=5-15=-10
1 = 21 =

✔ 3 21= 0 03 =

1 028= 15
1 = 21 = 0 03 =

1 028= =

11
✔
02 8 ✔ 02 8 02 8
02 8 02 8
02 8 0 2 888y 0 2 8 8y
0 2 82 8y 02 8 y

25
 2 19 2
5 12
60

16 6
80
a
10Ç`
a+n a n 60
60
24 35
5 ✔ 8 80 60

83 85 60
=
2Û`_3_5
3
3 3_5` 5 =2 30 33
= = = =
2Ü`_5 2Ü`_5_5Û` 10Ü`
a+n a= 5 n=3 3
a+n 5+3= 8

20 1
2Û`_5_a
a

17
1
;bA; 2Û`_5_a
2 5

a 2_3=6

a
b 50
a
b 21 n
a
a= _x 2 x 14 x
b= 50=2_3_5``
a +a +a +a + y +a +a
x
;bA;= a 3
2_3_5Ü`
2
a 3 21 21 42 =0 285 14
63 84
a +a +a +a +a +a =2+8+5+ +1+4=2
a 21 42 63 84
4 50=6_8+2
b 50 50 50 50
a +a + y =(a +a +y+a )_8+( )
( )=226

18 a
180
22 x
15
0 5333y
11
a y
b 2 0303y
33
a-b
x+y x y
88
6 1 ✔ 5
84 ✔
a a 83
= a
180 2Û`_3Û`_5 53-5
0 5333y=0 53= = x=8
11 0
a 11
b 203-2 201
2 0303y=2 03= = y=6
a 11 a=
x+y=8+6 = 5
= b=20
180
a-b= -20=

26 I.
 p.8

23 0 16 0 25 27 a b a b
2 0 ab+0 ba=0 3 a-b

0 16 0 16 ✔ 0 25 5 4 3
0 256 ✔ 0 25 2 ✔ 1
0 16=0 1666y 0 25=0 2555y 10a+b 10b+a
0 ab+0 ba= +
0 161616y 0 252525y 0 2565656y
0 16 0 25 11(a+b) a+b
= =

a+b
0 3= =

a+b=3 a b
a=2 b=1 a-b=1

24 0x x

28 42
0x 42 06
2x
3 2x x
18
x 2 3 4
1 ✔ 2 30
35 41
x x_4 2-x_4 2=0 6
x- x= x= x=2

25

+16
06 =
30

06 =
+16
30
(60+ )-6
0
=
+16
30 29
54+ =3( +16) 2 =6 =3

26 01

✔
_{ + + + +y}
( )
(0 `` ``
_{ + + + +y}

= _(0 2+0 002+0 00002+0 0000002+y)

= _0 20= _ = =0 15

27
 1 p.10

2 5
100 1-1 35
11 101
53 0 245136
3 0
+
50 +

=0 425 4 2 5 4

=2 45 4 5 2 35=4_8+3 35 3
2 =2
100=2_50 100
5 =5
0 245136 5 1 3 6 5
-2=5_1 +2 2
1
=0 1432 4 3 2 3
50-1=3_16+1 50
4 =4

+ =5+4=

2-1

; ; x+y ; ; x-y
x 30 x 0 y 10 y 25

x x x
= x 21
= x 13 420 2Û`_3_5_
2_5_13

3
x 3
y
21
x=21 = y=20
x 13 3 3 2Û`_3_5_
42
30 x 0 x=3 x=42
2Û`_3_5_
= y=10

10 y 25 x=21 y=20

= y=10 x-y=21-20=1

x+y=3 +10=4
4 1

28 I.
 3 5 a
a b ab a

=3 18 2

a=3 b=0 18 1 1
_a a 3
ab=3_0 18=3_ = =0 54 2 2Û`_3_5
2
1
= _a a 11
2_5_11
2
a 3 11 33 2
a 33
1

4 0 32=32_; ; 0 305=305_;b; 6

a b ;bA; 0 58
0 1

0 32= =32_ a= 2

0 305= =305_ b= 2 53
0 58=
0
;bA;= =0 0 2 53 3
1
0 1=

=0 53 1

00 0

29
 01
a b b+0 ;bA;

0
0

02

ab ab -
0 ab= ab =

ab- ab -a
0 ab= 0 ab =
0

01 2 5 02 a 0 a 0

30 I.
 II

1
2
 01
1

a_a_a_y_a=aÇ``

0
|
}
|
)
n

m n
aµ``_aÇ`=aµ``±Ç`

aµ``_aÇ`+aµ``Ç`

aÜ`_aÞ`=(a_a_a)_(a_a_a_a_a)=a¡`
a¡` 8 aÜ`_aÞ` 3 5
aÜ`_aÞ`=aÜ` ±Þ`=a¡` aÜ`_aÞ`=aÜ` ±Þ`
xÛ`_yÜ`_xÞ`_yÛ`=xÛ`_xÞ`_yÜ`_yÛ`=xÛ` ±Þ`_yÜ` ±Û`=xà`yÞ`

m n
(aµ )Ç`=aµÇ Ç`

(aµ )Ç`+aµ ±Ç`

(aµ``)Ç` aµ`` n

n
9
\¥
{
\¥
(

m+m+`y`+m
(aµ``)Ç`=aµ``_aµ``_y_aµ``=a =am_n=amn
(
|
{
|
9

(aÛ`)Ý`=aÛ`_aÛ`_aÛ`_aÛ`=aÛ` ±Û ` ±Û` ±Û`=a¡`

a¡` 8 (aÛ`)Ý` 2 4
2_4
(aÛ`)Ý`=a =a¡` (a Û` ) Ý`=a2_4
4_3 3_2 12+6
(xÝ`)Ü`_(xÜ`)Û`=x _x =xÚ`Û`_xß`=x =xÚ``¡

32 II.
a+0 m n
( m>n aµ ÑÇ`
¥ m=n 1
aµ``ÖaÇ`={
¥ 1
9 m<n aÇ` ѵ `

aµ ÖaÇ`+aµ``±Ç`` aµ Öaµ``+0 aµ ÖaÇ`+amÖn

aµ``ÖaÇ` m n

aá`ÖaÞ`ÖaÛ`=aá` ÑÞ`ÖaÛ`=aÝ`ÖaÛ`=aÝ` ÑÛ`=aÛ`

a+0 aÞ`ÖaÛ` aÜ`ÖaÜ` aÛ`ÖaÞ` a

aÞ` a_a_a_a_a
aÞ`ÖaÛ`= = =a_a_a=aÜ`
aÛ` a_a
aÞ`ÖaÛ`=aÞ` ÑÛ`
aÜ` a_a_a
aÜ`ÖaÜ`= = =1
aÜ` a_a_a
aÛ` a_a 1 1
aÛ`ÖaÞ`= =
aÞ` a_a_a_a_a a_a_a aÜ`
= = 1
aÛ`ÖaÞ`=
a5-2
1 1
aÞ`ÖaÛ`=aÞ` ÑÛ`=aÜ` aÜ`ÖaÜ`=1 aÛ`ÖaÞ`= =
aÞ` ÑÛ` aÜ`

n
aÇ`
(ab)Ç`=aÇ` bÇ` {;bA;}Ç`= `( b+0)
bÇ`

(-a) =a (-a) =-a (-3)Û`=3Û` (-3)Ü`=-3Ü`

(ab)Ç`=ab_ab_y_ab
(
|
{
|
9

n
=a_a_y_a_b_b_y_b=aÇ` bÇ`
(ab)Ý`=aÝ`bÝ`
(
È
{
È
9

(
È
{
È
9

n n
(ab)Ý`=ab_ab_ab_ab=aÝ`bÝ`
aÜ`
n {;bA;}`Ü =
bÜ`
(
|
{
|
9

aÇ`
{;bA;}Ç`=;bA;_;bA;_y_;bA;=
bÇ`
(
|
{
|
9

n
a a a aÜ`
{;bA;}Ü`= _ _ =
b b b bÜ`

bÛ` Ü` (bÛ`)Ü` bß`

(xyÛ`)Ü`=xÜ`_(yÛ`)Ü`=xÜ`yß` { }= =
aÜ` (aÜ`)Ü` aá`

33
 p.12

01 am_an=a

xÝ`_xÞ`=x4+5= á` ` 3Ü`_3ß` `

yÜ`_yÜ` ` Û`_ Ý`_ Þ` ``

02 (am)n=a

(xÜ`)ß`=x3_6= `` (yÝ`)Þ` 0

(aà`)Û` a`` (5Û`)á` ``

03 amÖan
( `a
m-n
(m n)
10-6
xÚ``Öxß`=x = ` aÞ`ÖaÞ` 1
={¥ (m=n)
¥9 1
1 (m n)
bÝ`ÖbÚ`Û` b`
á`Ö Þ` ` aÇ ` µ``

04 (ab)n=
n
{;bA;} =
(xy)Ý`=x1_4y1_4= ` ` (aÜ`bÛ`)Þ` a``b``

ab a`b`
(3xÛ`)Ý` 1 ` { }3`
2

05 (-a) =a
(-a) =-a
(-x)Þ` ` (-y)ß` `

bÞ` 4 b``
(-abÛ`)Ü` aÜ`b` { }`
aÛ` a`

34 II.
 p.12

01 ` `
m n
aµ``_aÇ`=aµ``±Ç`

aÜ`_a 2Ü`_xÛ`_xÝ`_2
xÛ`_y_x_yÝ` aÜ`_bÛ`_a_bÜ` x=xÚ`

=aÜ` ±Ú`=a`
=(2Ü`_2)_(xÛ`_xÝ`)=2Ü` ±Ú`_xÛ` ±Ý`=2Ý`xß`=1 `
=(xÛ`_x)_(y_yÝ`)=xÛ` ±Ú`_yÚ` ±Ý`= ` `
=(aÜ`_a)_(bÛ`_bÜ`)=aÜ` ±Ú`_bÛ` ±Ü`=a`b`

1
xÞ`_y_y`_x`=xà`yÞ` ab a b
3Ü`_81=3
2Û`_2`_2Ü`=128 a
xÞ`_y_y`_x`=(xÞ`_x`)_(y_y`)=xÞ` ±`yÚ` ±`=xà`yÞ`
5+b= 1+a=5 a=4 b=2 ab=8
81=3Ý` 3Ü`_81=3Ü`_3Ý`=3Ü`±Ý`=3à` =
128=2à` 2Û`_2`_2Ü`=22+a+3=2Þ` ±`=2à`
5+a= a=2

02 ` `
m n
(aµ``)Ç`=aµ``Ç`

(x )Þ`=xÛ``
(xÞ`)Ü`_(xÜ`)ß`=x (aÛ`)Ý` aÛ` 4
(x )Ü`_(yÛ`) _(xÞ`)Ü`_y=xÛ`Ú`yá` (aÛ`)Ý`=aÛ`_aÛ`_aÛ`_aÛ`
=a2+2+2+2=a¡`

(x )Þ`=x _5=xÛ` ` _5=20 =

5_3 3_6
(xÞ`)Ü`_(xÜ`)ß`=x _x =xÚ`Þ`_xÚ`¡`=xÚ`Þ`±Ú`¡`=xÜ`Ü` =
(x )Ü`_(yÛ`) _(xÞ`)Ü`_y=x _3_y2_ _xÚ`Þ`_y=x _3+15 2_
y +1
=xÛ`Ú`yá`
_3+15=21 _3=6 =
2_ +1= 2_ =8 =

2
(xà`)`_(y`)Û`_( `)Þ`=xÛ`¡`y¡` Ú`Þ` a+b-
a b
2`_64=8` x
(xà`)`_(y`)Û`_( `)Þ`=xà``yÛ`` `Þ `=xÛ`¡`y¡` Ú`Þ`
a=28 2b=8 5 =15 a=4 b=4 =3
a+b- =4+4-3=5
64=2ß` 8`=(2Ü`)`=2Ü`` 2`_64=2`_2ß`=2`±ß`=2Ü``
x+6=3x 2x=6 x=3

35
 03 ` `
m n
( `aµ``ÑÇ` (m n)
1 (m=n)
(xÜ`)Ý`Öxß` 3Û`Ö3ß` aµ``ÖaÇ`={
1
(m n)
(aÛ`)Ý`Ö(aÜ`)Û`ÖaÛ` (aÜ`)ß`Ö(aÝ`)Ü`Ö(aÛ`)Ý` 9 aÇ` ѵ``

=xÚ`Û`Öxß`=xÚ`Û`Ñß`= `
1 1 1
= = =
3ß` ÑÛ` 3Ý` 1
=a¡`Öaß`ÖaÛ`=a¡`Ñß`ÖaÛ`=aÛ`ÖaÛ`=1
1 1
=aÚ`¡`ÖaÚ`Û`Öa¡`=aÚ`¡`ÑÚ`Û`Öa¡`=aß`Öa¡`= =
a¡`Ñß` a`

3
1
(xÝ`)Þ` (xÛ`)` (xÝ`)` Û`

3Û`` 3ß` 3=3Þ` x

1 1
(xÝ`)Þ`Ö(xÛ`)Ü`Ö(xÝ`)Ý`=xÛ``Öxß`ÖxÚ`ß`=xÚ`Ý`ÖxÚ`ß`= =
xÚ`ß` ÑÚ`Ý` xÛ`
3Û``Ö3ß`Ö3=3Û``Ñß`Ö3=3Û``Ñß`ÑÚ`=3Û``Ñà`=3Þ` 2x- =5 2x=12 x=6

04 ` `
n
(ab)Ç`=aÇ` bÇ`
`
Ç aÇ`
2xÛ` ` {;bA;} = `(b+0)
(-2xÜ`yÝ`)Ü`` { } bÇ`
y
(-a) =a
aÜ`bÝ` ` 2x ` ` (-a) =-a
{ } {- }
xÛ`yÜ` 3 (-3)Û`=3Û`
(-3)Ü`=-3Ü`
=(-2)Ü`_(xÜ`)Ü`_(yÝ`)Ü`= á` ``` (2y)Ü`=2yÜ` _
(2y)Ü`=2Ü`yÜ`=8y`
(2xÛ`)Ü` 2Ü`_(xÛ`)Ü` `
= = =
yÜ` yÜ` Ü`
(aÜ`bÝ`)Ý` (aÜ`)Ý`_(bÝ`)Ý` a``b```
= = =
(xÛ`yÜ`)Ý` (xÛ`)Ý`_(yÜ`)Ý` ` ``
(2x)Û` `Ü 2Û`xÛ` Ü` 4xÛ` Ü` 4Ü`_(xÛ`)Ü` `
= (-1)`_ ={ } ={ }= =
3Û` 3Û` Ü`

4
(-3xÜ`yÛ`)Û`= x yÝ`

(3x`)`=2 xÚ`` a+b a b

3y` ` 81yÝ`
{ }= a-b+ a b
xÜ` x`
(-3xÜ`yÛ`)Û`=(-3)Û`_(xÜ`)Û`_(yÛ`)Û`= xß`yÝ`= x yÝ` = =6
2 xÚ`Û`=3Ü`xÚ`Û`
(3x`)`=3`x``=3Ü`xÚ`Û` b=3 ab=12 a=4 b=3 a+b=4+3=
3y` ` (3y`)` 3`y`` 3Ý`yÝ`
81=3Ý` { }= = = b=4 ab=4 3b=
xÜ` (xÜ`)` xÜ`` x`

36
a=1 b=4 =12 a-b+ =1-4+12=
II.
 p.12

05

5`+5`+5`+5`+5` 5
2`= 8` Þ
=3` ±Û` `

5`+5`+5`+5`+5` 5` 5
=5_5`= `
8`=(2`)`=2``=(2`)`= `

=3`±Û`=3`_3Û` 3`=

Û` `
`=(3`)`=3Û``=(3`)Û`={ }=
1

5
ß`+ ß`+ ß`+ ß`+ ß`+ ß`+ ß`

3Þ`= { }Þ` 1
Û`

=2` ÑÚ` 16` 1 `

ß`+ ß`+ ß`+ ß`+ ß`+ ß`+ ß` ß`
= _ ß`= à`
1 ` 1 ` 1 1 1 1
{ }Þ ={ }Þ = = = =
3` (3`)Þ` 3`` (3Þ`)` `
2`
=2`ÑÚ`=2`Ö2= 2`=2
2
16`=(2Ý`)`=2Ý``=(2`)Ý`=(2 )Ý`=2Ý` Ý`=16 Ý`

06
2µ``_5Ç`
2¡`_5Ú``_ n n
2 5 a_10`

2¡`_5Ú``_3=3_5Û`_(2¡`_5¡`)
a_10`
=3_5Û`_(2_5)¡` (a )+
= 5_10¡`= 5000`y`00
(
{
9

2`_5``_3 10 n=10

6
8Ý`_5Ú`Þ` 1

2Û`Ú`_5Ú`á`_ Û`
8`_5`Þ`=(2`)`_5`Þ`=2``_5`Þ`=5`_(2_5)``=125_10``
8Ý`_5Ú`Þ` 15
2``_5`á`_ `=2`_ `_(2_5)`á`=1 6_10`á`
2Û`Ú`_5Ú`á`_ Û` 22

37
 p.13

01
xà`_x ` yÛ`_yÞ`_yÜ` ``

aÛ`_bÞ`_bÝ`_aÜ`_b a`b`` (aÜ`)ß`_(aß`)Û`_(aÞ`)Û` a``

(xÜ`)Ü`_(yÛ`)Ý`_yÝ` ` `` (xÝ`)Û`_(yÞ`)Û`_(xà`)Ü` `` ``

02
2Þ`Ö2Ü` 2ß`Ö2ß` 1

2Ý`Ö2Þ` xá`ÖxÜ`ÖxÝ` `

1 1
xß`ÖxÞ`Öxà` `
(aÝ`)Û`Ö(aÜ`)Û`Ö(aÞ`)Ü` a``

3Ý`Ö3Ü`Ö3ß` (2Û`)Ü`Ö2Ö(2Ü`)Ü`

xÞ` 1 aÛ` 1
xà` ` aÛ`

03
yÜ` Û` `
(xÜ`yÛ`)Ý` `` ` { }
xà` ``

xÛ` Ü `
(-4xÛ`)Û` 1 ` {- }`
3

(aÛ`b Ü`)Þ` a``b` `` (-2aÜ`b)Ý` 1 a``b`

38 II.
 p.14

01
✔ (5Ü`)Ý`=5à` 3Û`_3Ý`_3Þ`=3Ú`Ú` 2ß`Ö2Û`Ö2=2Ü` m n
2 2Û` aµ``_aÇ`=aµ`` Ç`
(2_3)Þ`=2Þ`_3Þ` { }Û`=
3Ü` 3ß` (aµ``)Ç`=aµ``Ç`
m-n
(5Ü`)Ý`=5Ú`Û` (a (m n)
1 (m=n)
aµ``ÖaÇ`={
1
9 an-m (m n)

02 (ab)Ç`=aÇ` bÇ`
a Ç` aÇ`
{ }= ( b+0)
(4Û`)Ü` 4Ü`_4Ü` ✔ 4Ú`Û`Ö4Û` b bÇ`

2Ý`_2Ý`_2Ý` 4Þ`+4Þ`+4Þ`+4Þ`
(4`)`=4ß` 4`_4`=4` `=4ß`
4`` 4`=4`` `=4`` 2`_2`_2`=2` ` `=2Ú`Û`=(2Û`)ß`=4ß`
4Þ`+4Þ`+4Þ`+4Þ`=4_4Þ`=4` Þ`=4`

03 2Þ` 2` =1

1 2 ✔ 2 2 2
2Þ`Ö2Ü`Ö =2Þ` ÑÜ`Ö =2Û`Ö =1
1 =2Û`

04 x y

aÛ`b` Û` bß
{ }= x-y
a`bÜ` aÝ`
4` ±Ü`=4`_2` y
aÛ` b` Û (aÛ`b`)Û` aÝ`b2y b2y-6 bß`
{ }`= = 2x = 2x-4 = 2x-4=4 2y-6=6 x=4 y=6
a`bÜ` (a`bÜ`)Û` a bß` a aÝ`
x-y=4-6=-2
4x+3=4x_2y 4`_4Ü`=4`_2` 4Ü`=2` (2Û`)Ü`=2` y=6

05 x

2`_8=4Ü` 81ß` 2 `=3á`

2`_2Ü`=(2Û`)Ü` 2`±Ü`=2ß` x+3=6 x=3
(3Ý`)ß`Ö(3Ü`)`=3á` 3Û`Ý`Ö3Ü``=3á` 3Û`Ý`ÑÜ``=3á` 24-3x= x=5

06 x=3` ÑÛ`
3`
2 ` x `

x=3`ÑÛ`=3`Ö3Û`= 3`= x

2 `=(3Ü`)`=3Ü``=(3`)Ü`=( x)Ü`= 2 xÜ`

07 2 5 10

2Þ`_5 n n
220_1511
n n 11
6Ú`Ú`
2Þ`_5à`=5Û`_(2_5)Þ`=25_10Þ` n=
2Û``_15Ú`Ú` 2Û``_3Ú`Ú`_5Ú`Ú`
= =2á`_5Ú`Ú`=5Û`_(2_5)á`=25_10á` n=11
6Ú`Ú` 2Ú`Ú`_3Ú`Ú`

39
 02
1

xÛ`_3xÜ`=( _3)_(xÛ`_xÜ`)=21xÞ`
xÛ`_3xÜ`=21xÞ`
(-) (+)

2
Ö =

1
Ö = _ =

5
-; ;x -
3x

34aÛ`b 34 aÛ`b
34aÛ`b 2a= = _ =1 ab
2a 2 a
y xy 6 xy 34aÛ`bÖ2a=1 ab
xy
{- }= _{- }= _(-6) _ =-2x
3 6 3 y y

1 xÜ`yÝ`_xÛ`yÛ`
6xÜ`yÝ`Ö3xÝ`yÛ`_(-2xy)Û`=6xÜ`yÝ`_ _4xÛ`yÛ`={6_ _4}_ =8xyÝ`
3xÝ`yÛ` xÝ`yÛ`
1
Ö _ = _ _ =

40 II.
 p.14

01
4x_5yÛ` 0 ` (-5aÛ`b)_abÜ` a`b`

6xÛ`_{- xÜ`} ` (-10xÛ`y)_{- yÝ`} ` `

02
3y
ab -
ab 2x
1 1
xÛ`yÜ` ` `
-8ab ab

03
25xÜ`Ö5x ` (-24xÛ`)Ö8x

48aÛ`bÖ4aÛ` 1 b (- aß`)Ö(-3aÜ`) a`

04
5aÛ` 6
10aÝ`Ö aÛ`=10aÝ`Ö =10aÝ`_
6 5aÛ`
1
={10_ }_{aÝ`_ }= 1 a`
aÛ`

aÖ aÜ` 1
a`

(-4xÜ`)Ö xÛ`

05
3a_(-2a)Ö a a 16xÛ`yÖ(-4x)_(-2y) `

4aÛ`bÖ(-2ab)_2abÛ` a`b` 2xÜ`_3xyÖ xy `

41
 p.15

01 _

(-3a)_5b 3xyÛ`) xÜ`y

3a_(-2a)Û`_{- a}Ü` { xyÛ`}Û`_ y Ü`_(-2xÜ` )`

= (-3)_5 _a_b= 1 ab
= xÛ`yÝ`_(-xá`yÜ`)= _(-1) _xÛ`yÝ`_xá`yÜ`= `` `
1 1
=3a_4aÛ`_{- aÜ`}= 3_4_{- } _a_aÛ`_aÜ`= a``
2 2
1
= xÛ`yÝ`_ y Ü`_(-8xá` Ü`)

1
= _ _(-8) _xÛ`yÝ`_y Ü`_xá` Ü`= `` ` `

(-5x)_{- y}_2x ` {- xÛ`y}_(-3xyÛ`)Û`_(-xy)Ü` ` `

5 5
={- xÛ`y}_ xÛ`yÝ`_(-xÜ`yÜ`)= {- }_ _(-1) _xÛ`y_xÛ`yÝ`_xÜ`yÜ`= xà`y¡`
6 6

02
1

4x 2xÜ` (3xÝ`)` (-2xÜ`)` Ö =

xÛ` 2
(-3xÛ`y) {- xy} (-xÞ`y)` { }Ü`ÖxÛ`yÜ`
y
Ö = _; ;=

4x
= = - xy -
3
2xÜ` Û` 2xy
2 xÚ`Û`
=2 xÚ`Û` 4xß`= = `
4xß`
3 1
=(-3xÛ`y)_{- }= (-3)_{- } _xÛ`y_ =
2xy xy
xß` yÜ` 1
=xÚ``yÛ` xÛ`yÜ`=xÚ``yÛ`_ _ = ` `
yÜ` xß` xÛ`yÜ`

4aÝ`bÞ` (-2abÛ`)` a
b
(xÛ`yÜ`)Þ` {-; ;xÜ`y}Û` (-y)` Ý` Ú``

4aÝ`bÞ`
=4aÝ`bÞ`Ö(-8aÜ`bß`)= =-; b;
-8aÜ`bß`
1 1 1
=xÚ``yÚ`Þ`Ö xß`yÛ`Ö(-yÜ`)=xÚ``yÚ`Þ`_ _{- }= _(-1) _xÚ``yÚ`Þ`_ _ =- xÝ`yÚ``
4xß`yÛ` yÜ` xß`yÛ` yÜ`

42 II.
03

8aÛ`xÛ`_(-2aÛ`xÛ`)Û` (-4ax)` (-2xÛ`y)Ü`Ö{- xÝ`yÜ`}_ y

1
=8aÛ`xÛ`_4aÝ`xÝ`Ö(-64aÜ`xÜ`)=8aÛ`xÛ`_4aÝ`xÝ`_{- }
64aÜ`xÜ`
1 aÛ`xÛ`_aÝ`xÝ`
= 8_4_{- } _ = a` `
64 aÜ`xÜ`
4
=-8xß`yÜ`_{- }_ y
3xÝ`yÜ`
xß`yÜ`_y
= (-8)_{- }_ _ = `
xÝ`yÜ`

3xÛ`y_(-2xyÛ`)Û`Ö xÜ`yÝ` 1 (3abÛ` )Û`Ö{- ab }`Û _(-3a ) 10 ab`

3 xÛ`y_xÛ`yÝ`
=3xÛ`y_4xÛ`yÝ`_ ={3_4_ }_ =18xy
2xÜ`yÝ` xÜ`yÝ`
4
= aÛ`bÝ` Û`Ö aÛ`bÛ` Û`_(-3a )= aÛ`bÝ` Û`_ _(-3a )
aÛ`bÛ` Û`
aÛ`bÝ` Û`_a
= _4_(-3) _ =-108abÛ`
aÛ`bÛ` Û`

04
Ö _ =
4
(-2xÛ`y)Û` _(-xy)=- xÛ`yÛ` _
1
_ =
3
1
= _ _
4
(-2xÛ`y)Û`Ö _(-xy)=- xÛ`yÛ`
3
1
4xÝ`yÛ`Ö _(-xy)=- xÛ`yÛ` 4xÝ`yÛ`_ _(-xy)=- xÛ`yÛ`

3
=4xÝ`yÛ`_(-xy)_{- }
4xÛ`yÛ`
xÝ`yÛ`_xy
= 4_(-1)_{- } _ = `
xÛ`yÛ`

4
(-48xyÛ`)Ö6xy_ =24xÝ`yÝ` ` `

(-3xyß`)_(-3xyÛ`)Ü`=- xÝ`y `
1 1
(-48xyÛ`)_ _ =24xÝ`yÝ` ={- }_6xy_24xÝ`yÝ`=-3xÝ`yÜ`
6xy 48xyÛ`
1 1
_{- }_(-2 xÜ`yß`)=- xÝ`y =(-3xyß`)_{- }_(- xÝ`y)=-xÛ`y
3xyß` 2 x`yß`

43
 p.16

01
3aÛ`x_(-4axÜ`) 1 a` ` (-xyÛ`)_ xÛ`yÝ` ` `

{ x}Ü`_(-3xÛ`)Û` ` 2a_(-3aÛ`)_(-2a)Ü` a`

(-xÛ`y)_2xyÜ`_(-3xÛ`y)Ü` ` ` (-5xÛ`y)_(-6xÜ`)Û`_ yÛ` 0 ` `

02
a`
6aÜ`bÖ(-18abÛ`) b (-2xÛ`)Ü`Ö(-3xÝ`)Û` `

1
abÛ`Ö ab b 4xÜ`Ö(-2x)Ü`Ö2xÝ` `

{- xÞ`yÛ`}Û`Ö xÛ`yÛ`Ö3xy
`
(5xyÜ`)Û`Ö xÖ5xy `

03
6abÛ`_2aÛ`bÖ3ab a`b`

1 a`
12aÛ`bÖ3abÜ`_4a b`

(- xÛ`)Û`_ xÖ(-3x) `

a` `
8axÛ`_(-aÛ`xÜ`)Ü`Ö(-4ax)Û`

` `
{- xÞ`yÛ`}Ö{- xÛ`y}_(-xÛ`yÜ`)

(2xÛ`y)Ü`Ö4xÜ`yÛ`_(- xyÛ`)Û`Ö(6xÛ`y)Û` `

44 II.
 p.17

01
2xy_(-3xÛ`)=-6xÜ`y (-4xy)Û`Ö2xyÛ`_4x=32xÛ`

✔ (-xÛ`yÜ`)Û`Ö; ;xy=-3xÜ`yÞ` ; ;xÛ`y_(-6xyÜ`)=-4xÜ`yÝ`

(-2aÜ`bÛ`)Ü`Ö(2ab)Ü`=-aß`bÜ`
(-xÛ`yÜ`)Û`Ö; ;xy=xÝ`yß`_; ;=3xÜ`yÞ`

02
`
(-3ab)Ü`Ö abÛ`Ö(-ab) a (-3xÛ`yÜ`)Ö{- xÜ`y}

12xÜ`yÛ`Ö(-4xÛ`y)Û`_2xÜ`y ` 6aÛ`bÛ`Ö aÜ`bÝ`_ aÝ`bÛ` a`

03 6abÛ` 3aÛ`b
a`b`

= _6abÛ`_3aÛ`b= aÜ`bÜ`

04 (-64xÛ`yÝ`)_ Ö8xyÜ`=-4xÛ`y _ Ö =
1
1 _ _ =
={- }_8xyÜ`_(-4xÛ`y)= x
64xÛ`y`
1
= _ _

05 {; ;xy}Ü`_ Ö{
5yÜ` ` 2 xÜ`
4x
}=
5yÜ`
2xÜ` 5 5y 2xÛ` 1
✔
5 2xÛ` 2xÛ` 5y 3xÛ`
25yß` 2 xÜ 8 25yß` 2 xÜ` 5
xÜ`yÜ`_ Ö = = _ _ =
16xÛ` 5yÜ` 2 xÜ`yÜ` 16xÛ` 5yÜ` 2xÛ`

06 ; ;xÜ`yÛ`Ö{-; ;xÝ`y`}`_6xÛ`yÛ`=
15
2x`yÛ`
a+b-

; ;xÜ`yÛ`Ö x¡`yÛ``_6xÛ`yÛ`={; ;_ _6}_

xÜ`yÛ`_xÛ`yÛ`
=
5
=
15 a b
x¡`yÛ`` 2axÜ`yÛ``ÑÝ` 2x`yÛ`
5 15
= =3 2b-4=2 a=5 b=3 =3 a+b- =5+3-3=5
2a 2

07 6aÛ`
5b 120aÛ`bÜ` bÛ`

120aÛ`bÜ`
6aÛ`_5b_ =120aÛ`bÜ` 30aÛ`b_ =120aÛ`bÜ`
120aÛ`bÜ`
= =4bÛ`
30aÛ`b

45
 p.18

1 05
12ß`Ö Ö2 Û`=1 ``

01 16Ý`_8 Ö32Ü`=2`
1 1
12ß`Ö Ö2 Û`=1 12ß`_ _ =1 2 Û`_ =12ß`
2`_2`_2Þ`=2Ú`` 2 Û`
12ß` (3_2Û`)ß` ß ÚÛ
✔ (3Û`)Ý`=3ß` == = =2Ú`Û`
2 Û` (3Ü`)Û` 3ß`
16`_8 32 =(2Ý`)Ý`_(2`) Ö(2Þ`)Ü`=216+3_ -15
=21+3_ =2à`
(2_5)`=2`_5` 1+3_ = =2
3ß`Ö3Û`Ö3=3Ü`
2 2Ü`
{ }`=
3Û` 3ß`
(3Û`)Ý`=3¡`
06 2`_3` x+y 1

x y
288=2Þ`_3Û` 288Ü`=(2Þ`_3Û`)Ü`=2Ú`Þ`_3ß`
x=15 y=6 x+y=15+6=21

02
aÝ`_aÛ`=a ✔ xÚ`Û`Öx =xÜ`
(xÜ`)Û`
(2aÛ`)Ü`= aß` =x
xÜ`
(-3xyÛ`)Û`= xÛ`y 07 5Ý`+5Ý`+5Ý`+5Ý`+5Ý`
25
6 8 3 4
✔ 5Ü` 3Þ` 5Ý`
5Ú`Ü` 5Û``
5Ý`+5Ý`+5Ý`+5Ý`+5Ý` 5_5Ý` 5Þ`
= = =5Ü`
25 5Û` 5Û`

03 {-
2x` `Ü
yÞ`
}=
xß` Ü`
y`
a+b-

a b
2x` Ü` -8xÜ` ` Ü` xß` Ü`
{- }= = -8= 3a=6 15=b
yÞ` yÚ`Þ` y`
a=2 b=15 =-8
a+b- =2+15-(-8)=25 08 2 `=
1
8Ú``
1 1
- ` -

1
04 8a+3=
16Ú``
2`
=230 a+b 1 ✔
Ü`
1 1
8``=(2`)``=2``=(2``)`= ` =
( a b ) 8Ú`` Ü`
8a+3=(2Ü`)a+3=23(a+3)=2Ü`` 3(a+3)=30 a=
16Ú``
=(2Ý`)Ú``Ö2`=2Ý``Ñ`=2Ü`` 40-b=30 b=10
2`
a+b= +10=1

46 II.
09 2
5xy_(-6y)=-30xyÛ`
2xÜ`_(-3xÛ`)=-6xÞ`
3x
13 -{
-aÛ` Û Û`
3
}`
12xÛ`yÜ`Ö(-4xyÝ`)=-
y aß` aß` a¡`
8 12 18
4xyÖ xyÜ`=
yÛ` a¡` a¡`
✔
✔ 16xÛ`yÛ`Ö8xyÛ`_2x=4xÛ`y 2 81
1 -aÛ` Û` Û` aÝ` a¡`
16xÛ`yÛ`Ö8xyÛ`_2x=16xÛ`yÛ`_ _2x=4xÛ` -{ } ={- }Û`=
8xyÛ` 3 81

10 6xyÝ`_{-; ;}Û`Ö3xÛ`y 14 (x`y` `)`=xÛ`Ý`yÜ`Û` Ú`ß`

4 1 8y
a+b+
6xyÝ`_{- ;}Û` 3xÛ`y=6xyÝ`_ _ =
yÛ` 3xÛ`y x
( a b )
(x`y` `)`=x``y`` ``=xÛ`Ý`yÜ`Û` Ú`ß` a =24 b =32 =16
24 32 16
=8
=8 a=3 b=4 =2
a+b+ =3+4+2=

11
1
; ;aÛ`bÝ` Ö{- abÜ` Û`}Û`_ =-; ;aÜ`bÞ` Û`
2
15 =2x+1 =5x-2 10x 4x

8
- -; ;abÞ` Ü` -4aÜ`bß` Þ` 10 25 50
abÞ` Ü` ✔
2
-2aÜ`bà` Þ` ✔ -; ;aÜ`bà` Þ` 25
50
4 2
; ;aÛ`bÝ` _ _ =-; ;aÜ`bÞ` Û`
aÛ`bß` Ý`
=2x+1=2`_2 2`=
3 aÛ`bß` Ý` 1 2
= _ _{-; ;aÜ`bÞ` `Û }=- aÜ`bà` Þ`
aÛ`b` 4 2 x-2 1
=5 =5`Ö5Û`=5`_ 5`=25
25
1 5x
10`Ö4`=(2_5)`Ö(2Û`)`=2`_5`Ö22x= _5`= 2x
22x-x
2 50
=25 Ö =25 _ =
2

12 4abÛ`
16
12 abÛ`
3`_3Û`=81 a
8Û`` ÑÚ`=2` ±à` x
48`=(2`_3)`=2`_3Ý` x+y 0
✔ 3 3a 3b x y
3ab bÛ` 3 x+1
+3`=108 x
3a_3`=81 3a+2=3` a+2=4 a=2
; ;_( _ `)_4abÛ`=12 abÛ` abÛ`_ `=12 abÛ` 2x-1
8 =2 x+
23(2x-1)=2x+ 3(2x-1)=x+ x=2
3 48Ý`=(2Ý`_3)Ý`=2Ú`ß`_3Ý` x=4 y=16 x+y=20
`=12 abÛ`_ =
4 abÛ` 3x+1+3`=108 3`_3+3`=2Û`_3Ü`
=3 4_3`=2Û`_3Ü` x=3

47
 p.19

17 1_2_3_4_5_6_ _8_ _10 21 (-2xÝ`yÜ`)` Ö8x` yÛ`Ö(-2xÝ`y¡`)= xÝ`yÛ`

=2`_3`_5Û`_ + +
a b ab ( )

8 10
1_2_3_4_5_6_ _8_ _10
=1_2_3_2Û`_5_(2_3)_ _2Ü`_3Û`_(2_5) ✔ 11 12
=2¡`_3Ý`_5Û`_ (-2) 4 -( +4) 3 -10
(-2xÝ`yÜ`)` Ö8x` yÛ`Ö(-2xÝ`y¡`)=- x y = xÝ`yÛ`
a=8 b=4 =1 16
ab =8_4_1=32 3 -10=2 =4
4 -( +4)=4 16-( +4)=4 =8
(-2)` ` (-2)Ý`

18
=- =- =-1
16 16
+ + =4+8-1=11

3x-1= (0 1)`
1
`
1 3
=
2Ú`` 64Þ`
`
3x-1=3`Ö3=
` 1
3`=3
1 1 1 1
22 1
{- xÛ`yÜ`}`Ü Ö
2
Ö{ ; ;xÛ`yÜ`}`Û =xÛ`y
(0 1)`={; ;} = = = = = `
(3Û`)` 3Û`` (3`)Û` (3 Û` Û`
3 3 3 3 1 Ü` xß`yá` 1
= = = =3_{ } =3 Ü` { }_ =xÛ`y
64Þ` (2ß`)Þ` 2Ü`` (2Ú``)Ü` 2Ú`` 8 xÝ`yß`
xß`yá` 1
={- }_ _ =- yÛ`
8 xÝ`yß` x`y

19
4``_ _5`` n
a a+n
2 Ú``+ `Ú Þ`+3Ü``
2 Ý`+ `ß +3Ú`Û`

4Ú`Ú`_ _5Û``=2Û`Û`_ _5Û``=2Û`_ _(2_5)Û``=28_10Û``

n=22 a=10 a+n=32
23 3

2 Ú``+ Ú`Þ`+3Ü`` (3Ü`)Ú``+(3Û`)Ú`Þ`+3Ü`` 3_3Ü``

= = =3Ú`¡`
2 Ý`+ ß`+3Ú`Û` (3Ü`)Ý`+(3Û`)ß`+3Ú`Û` 3_3Ú`Û` 2
3Ú`=3 3Û`= 3Ü`=2 3Ý`=81 3Þ`=243 y 3
1 18=4_4+2 3Ú``¡

20 ( 2 )

(aÝ`)Ü`_2aÛ`=2aÚ`Ý`
(-xÛ`y)Ü`_(3xy)Û`=- x¡`yÞ`
a aß`
✔ (abÛ`)Ü`_{ }Ü`=
bÜ` b
aÛ` bÚ`Ú` = Û`_3 =3 Ü`
(aÛ`bÝ`)Û`Ö{- }Ü`=- = _(2 )Û`_ =4 Û`_
b aÛ`
3 `Ü =4 Û`_
3 Ü`
✔ (-2x)Ü`Ö(-4x)Ö; ;x=3xÜ` =3 `Ü 4 Û`=
4 `
=

a Ü aÜ` aß
(abÛ`)Ü`_{ }`=aÜ`bß`_ =
bÜ` bá` bÜ`
2 1
(-2x)Ü`Ö(-4x)Ö x=(-8xÜ`)_{- }_; ;=3x
3 4x

48 II.
1 p.20

1 1-1
(-3xÛ`y)Û`_(-2xyÛ`)Ü`_{- xÛ`yÛ`}Û`=ax`y` (-2xÛ`y)` Ö6xy` _2 xÛ`yÜ`= xà`yÞ`
6
+ -
a-b+
a b

1
=(-2) x2 y _ _2 xÛ`yÜ`
6xy``
(-3xÛ`y)Û`_(-2xyÛ`)Ü`_{- xÛ`yÛ`}Û`
=(-2) _ _x2 -1+2
y - +3
2
= xÝ`yÛ`_(-8xÜ`yß`)_ xÝ`yÝ` = xà`yÞ`

=-2xÚ`Ú`yÚ`Û`
2 -1+2= =3
=ax`y - +3=5 3- +3=5 =1
=(-2)``_ =(-2)Ü`_ =(-8)_ =-36
2 2
a b
a=-2 b=11 =12
+ - =3+1-(-36)=40
a b
a-b+ =-2-11+12=-1

-1 0

2
=2x-1 =3x+1 6` 2-1 =2`±Û` =5` ÑÚ` 40`

` ``
1 =2x+2=2`_2Û`=4_2`
=2x-1=2`Ö2=2`_
2 2`=
4
2`=2

` ``
=3` ±Ú`=3`_3 =5x-1=5`Ö5=5`_
1
5
5`=5
3`=
3

` 0``
6`=(2_3)`=2`_3` 40` =(2Ü`_5)`=23x_5`=(2` _5`
Ü` 5
={ } _5 = Ü`
=2 _ = 4 64
3

49
 p.21

3 2Þ`_2Þ`_2Þ`_2Þ`_2Þ`=2` 4ß`+4ß`+4ß`+4ß`=4`` 3x
5 -
y`
(5Ü`)Ý`=5` - -
5xÜ`yÛ`

2Þ`_2Þ`_2Þ`_2Þ`_2Þ`=25+5+5+5+5=2Û`Þ`=2`` =25 2
4ß`+4ß`+4ß`+4ß`=4_4ß`=4à`=4`` = 2
(5Ü`)Ý`=5Ú`Û`=5`` =12 1 3x
Ö{- }=5xÜ`yÛ` 2
- - =25- -12=6 1 yÛ`
3x
=5xÜ`yÛ`_{- }=-15xÝ` 2
yÛ`

3x 45xÞ`
(-15xÝ`)_{- }= 2
yÛ` yÛ`

Þ`
`

2Ú`Þ`_15Û` ` 6 (-2x`)`=16xÚ`Û`
4 n n
45Ú`` (-6aÛ`bÜ`)Û`Ö4aÞ`bÛ`Ö(-2b)Ü`
a b

2Ú`Þ`_15Û`` 2Ú`Þ`_(3_5)Û``
= (-2x`)`=(-2)`x``=16xÚ`Û`
45Ú`` (3Û`_5)Ú``
2Ú`Þ`_3Û``_5Û`` (-2)`=16 b=4 2
=
3Û``_5Ú`` ab=12 4a=12 a=3 2
=2Ú`Þ`_5Ú`` 3 1 1
=36aÝ`bß`_ _{- }
=2Þ`_(2Ú``_5Ú``) 4aÞ`bÛ` 8bÜ`
=2Þ`_(2_5)Ú`` ={- }_; ;
=32_10Ú`` 3
2Ú`Þ`_15Û`` ={- }_ =- 3
12
45Ú``
n=12 1

50 II.
 II

1
2
 01
1

( )=
+(2x-3y+5)=2x-3y+5

( )=
( )=
-(2x-3y+5)=-2x+3y-5

3x x -5y 8y -2
(4a+3b)-(2a-b)
=4a+3b-2a+b
=4a-2a+3b+b
=(4-2)a+(3+1)b
=2a+4b

2
2
2xÛ`+5x+
2xÛ`+5x+3 2xÛ` 2

-xÛ` 3xÛ`+2 x
2yÛ`-3y+5 yÛ`+1 y

52 II.
(3yÛ`-2y+1)-(yÛ`+5y-6)
=3yÛ`-2y+1-yÛ`-5y+6
=3yÛ`-yÛ`-2y-5y+1+6
=(3-1)yÛ`+(-2-5)y+(1+6)
=2yÛ`- y+

2x+1 4x-5
-
3 2
3 2
2(2x+1)-3(4x-5)
=
6
4x+2-12x+15
=
6
-8x+1
=
6

2x-3y 3x-2y 3(2x-3y)-3x-2y

- = (_)
2 6 6
2x-3y 3x-2y 3(2x-3y)-(3x-2y)
- = ( )
2 6 6
-
- =- - (_)
2 2 2
-
- =- + ( )
2 2 2

2a+3 a+3
= (_)
4 2
2a+6 a+3
= ( )
4 2

53
 p.22

01
(a+2b)+(4a-b) a b

(-3x+2y)+(4x-5y)

{a+ b}+{ a-b} a b

(2x-y)+(x+2y-5)

02 (
(
)
)
(6x-4y)-(8x-5y)

(3x-y)-(-x+2y)

(-4a-b)-{-2a+ b} a b

(a-3b+2)-(5a-4b+1) a b 1

03
(xÛ`-3x)+(-5xÛ`+6) `

(5xÛ`+2x-3)+(-4xÛ`-5x+ ) `

(4xÛ`-x+1)-(2xÛ`-5x+3) `

(2-3x+8xÛ`)-(-3xÛ`+4x-2) 11 `

04 ( )
4x+ x-(2x-y)

3x- 5y-(2y-3x)

y- x- 2y-(4x+3y)

54 II.
 p.23

01

+
(2x+y-4)+(3x-2y+3)
(-5x+2y+2)-2(-x+6y- )
+( - - )
{ x-y}-{ x+ y}
= - -
-

=2x+y-4+3x-2y+3
=2x+3x+y-2y-4+3
-( - - )
=(2+3)x+(1-2)y+(-4+3) =- + +
= 1
=-5x+2y+2+2x-12y+14
=-5x+2x+2y-12y+2+14
=(-5+2)x+(2-12)y+(2+14)
= 10 1
1
= x-y- x- y
2
1
= x- x-y- y
2
1
={ - }x+{-1- }y
2
1
=

1
(x-3y+2)+3(-2x+4y-1) 1

2(-3x+5y)-(x-2y+4) 1

(2x-6y+5)-(4x+y-3)

{ a- b}+{ a+ b} a b

{ a-b}-{ a- b} a b

2x-y
x-2y-
3
1 1
=x-2y- x+ y=x- x-2y+ y= x- y
3 3

55
 02

(2aÛ`-3a+2)+(-aÛ`+4a-3)
(3xÛ`-4x+1)-2(6xÛ`-x+ )

{ yÛ`-y+1}-{ yÛ`+ y-3}

=2aÛ`-3a+2-aÛ`+4a-3
=2aÛ`-aÛ`-3a+4a+2-3
=(2-1)aÛ`+(-3+4)a+(2-3)
=a` a 1
=3xÛ`-4x+1-12xÛ`+2x-14
=3xÛ`-12xÛ`-4x+2x+1-14
=(3-12)xÛ`+(-4+2)x+(1-14)
= ` 1
1
= yÛ`-y+1- yÛ`-; ;y+3
2
1
= yÛ`- yÛ`-y- y+1+3
2
1
={ - }yÛ`+{-1- }y+(1+3)
2
1
= `

2
( xÛ`-2x+3)+(-2xÛ`+5x-8) `

(xÛ`- x+5)-3(-2xÛ`-x+6) ` 1

(5xÛ`-6x- )-(3xÛ`-5) `

{ xÛ`-3x+ }+{ xÛ`- } `

4aÛ`-2a+3 2aÛ`+3a-5 a` 1 a 1
-
2 3
3(4aÛ`-2a+3)-2(2aÛ`+3a-5)
=
6
12aÛ`-6a+ -4aÛ`-6a+10
=
6
12aÛ`-4aÛ`-6a-6a+ +10
=
6
8aÛ`-12a+1
=
6

56 II.
 p.23

03

5a- 2a-3b-4 a-2b+(3a-5b)

8xÛ`- 3x-2- 5-3x-(8xÛ`-4x-1)+2x

=5a- 2a-3b-4(a-2b+3a-5b)
=5a- 2a-3b-4(4a- b)
=5a-(2a-3b-16a+28b)
=5a-(-14a+25b)
=5a+14a-25b
=1 a b
=8xÛ`- 3x-2-(5-3x-8xÛ`+4x+1+2x)
=8xÛ`- 3x-2-(-8xÛ`+3x+6)
=8xÛ`-(3x-2+8xÛ`-3x-6)
=8xÛ`-(8xÛ`-8)
=8xÛ`-8xÛ`+8=

3
4x- 2x+6y-3(2x- y) +4y
5xÛ`- 4x- x+3y-(-5x-4y) -(6xÛ`-y) +5y 11 ` 11
=4x-(2x+6y-6x+21y)+4y
=4x+4x-2 y+4y=8x-23y
=5xÛ`- 4x-( x+3y+5x+4y)-6xÛ`+y +5y
=5xÛ`-(4x-12x- y-6xÛ`+y)+5y
=5xÛ`+6xÛ`+8x+6y+5y
=11xÛ`+8x+11y

04
- =
-(2xÛ`+3x-2)=-3xÛ`+4x-2
= +

+ =
-(2xÛ`+3x-2)=-3xÛ`+4x-2
= -
=(-3xÛ`+4x-2)+(2xÛ`+3x-2)
=-3xÛ`+4x-2+2xÛ`+3x-2
= `

4 -xÛ`-4x+3+ =4xÛ`+x-3 Û`

-xÛ`-4x+3+ =4xÛ`+x-3
=(4xÛ`+x-3)-(-xÛ`-4x+3)
=4xÛ`+x-3+xÛ`+4x-3
=5xÛ`+5x-6

57
 p.24

01
(3x-2y)+(-2x+3y)

(-5a+2b)-6(3a-b) a b

(2xÛ`-4x+1)+(-4xÛ`+x-1) `

(5xÛ`- x+2)-2(-6xÛ`+x-3) 1 `

{ yÛ`- y+1}-{ yÛ`+2y-1} `

02
(-2x+5y) 3(3x+2y)
- 1
6 4

2x-5y 11
8x+2y-
3

a+b 2a-b a-3b a b

- + 1
2 3 4

a-b+1 a+b-1 a-b-1 1 a b

+ -
2 3 1

03
x- y-(3x-5y) 1 1

3a+ 5b-2(a-3b) a 11b

3a-4b- 2a- b-(5a-3b) a

3x- 5x+4y-(2x-3y) + y 0

-2x+y- -2x+y-3(3x-2y)-

a- 3a- 2b-(4a-3b) b

5x- 4x-3y- 5x+3y-(x+3y)

5x- 4x-5y- 3x-2y+(-3x-2y)

x- 5x-2y- 2x-(x-3y) -5y

xÛ`- 5x-3- 5-2x-4( xÛ`-3x+1)+2x 1 Û`

58 II.
 p.26

01
3x+ y+( x+2y- ) 1

{a- b}-{- a+ b} a b

{ yÛ`-3y+ }-{ yÛ`+1} `

3a-4b 2a-5b 1 a b
- +2a+b
2 3
3(3a-4b)-2(2a-5b)+6(2a+b) a-12b-4a+10b+12a+6b
= =
6 6
a-4a+12a-12b+10b+6b 1 a+4b
= =
6 6

02 ( )

3x+ y+ 2x-3(y+6x) 1

8x+ 3y- 4x-(-2x+3y-5)-3

13xÛ`- 3x-1- 6-2x-( xÛ`-1)-3x -x `
=13xÛ`- 3x-1-(- xÛ`-5x+ )-x
=13xÛ`-( xÛ`+ x-8)=13xÛ`- xÛ`- x+8
=6xÛ`- x+8

03 2x-3y- 5x-6y-(4x- y) x+ y +
( )
=2x-3y-(5x-6y-4x+ y)=x-4y
=1 =-4 + =1+(-4)=-3

04 (-4xÛ`+12x+5)- =2xÛ`-3
-xÛ`+2x+ -2xÛ`-x+1 -5xÛ`-4x-
-5xÛ`+1 x-1 ✔ -6xÛ`+12x+8
=(-4xÛ`+12x+5)-(2xÛ`-3)=-4xÛ`+12x+5-2xÛ`+3=-6xÛ`+12x+8

05 4x+ 3x-4y-(x-3y- ) =8x-6y

✔ 2x-5y 2x-3y 2x-y

3x+2y 3x+5y
4x+(3x-4y-x+3y+ )=8x-6y 6x-y+ =8x-6y
=8x-6y-(6x-y)=2x-5y

06 2xÛ`-5x+3 -4xÛ`+6x-1 + =
= -

-10xÛ`-8x+5 -10xÛ`+4x-3 ✔ -8xÛ`+16x-

-6xÛ`-4x+3 4xÛ`+6x-1
+(2xÛ`-5x+3)=-4xÛ`+6x-1
=-4xÛ`+6x-1-(2xÛ`-5x+3)=-6xÛ`+11x-4
(-6xÛ`+11x-4)-(2xÛ`-5x+3)=-8xÛ`+16x-

59
 02
1

3x(x-y-1) 3xÛ`-3xy-3x

2 _

( )= ( ) =

-2x(3xÛ`-x+6)=(-2x)_3xÛ`+(-2x)_(-x)+(-2x)_6
=-6xÜ`+2xÛ`-12x

( )Ö = =

1 1 1 1
( )Ö =( )_ = _ _ _

``2
4xÜ`-6xÛ`+8x 4xÜ` 6xÛ` 8x
(4xÜ`-6xÛ`+8x)Ö2x= = - + =2xÛ`-3x+4
2x 2x 2x 2x
1
(3xÛ`y-2x)Ö x=(3xÛ`y-2x)_; ;=3xÛ`y_; ; (-2x)_; ;=6xy-4
2

xÛ`+6x xÛ`+6x
=3x+6x (_) =3x+2 ( )
3x 3x

; x=; ; x ; ;

60 II.
4

( )

3a(2a-4b)+(-2ab)Û`Öab
=3a(2a-4b)+4aÛ`bÛ`Öab
=6aÛ`-12ab+4aÛ`bÛ`Öab
=6aÛ`-12ab+4ab`
=6aÛ`-8ab
_ + -
24xy-16xyÖ2=8xyÖ2=4xy (_)
24xy-16xyÖ2=24xy-8xy=16xy ( )

x=3 y=-2 (12xÜ`y-16xyÛ`)Ö2xy

12xÜ`y-16xyÛ`
(12xÜ`y-16xyÛ`)Ö2xy= =6xÛ`-8y
2xy
6xÛ`-8y=6_3Û`-8_(-2)=54+16= 0

y=2x+3 3x-2y+3 x
3x-2y+3=3x-2(2x+3)+3=3x-4x-6+3=-x-3

61
 p.27

01 ( + )=

-3a(b+6)=(-3a)_ b +(-3a)_ = ab 1 a

4a_(3a+2b-5) 1 a` ab 0a

x_(6x-8y+3) `

02 ( + )Ö =
+

10xÛ`-25xy 10xÛ` 25xy = +

(10xÛ`-25xy)Ö5x= = - =

(2 xÜ`y+ y)Ö(-3y) `

(12aÛ`b-4aÛ`bÛ`)Ö(-2ab) a ab

(3xÛ`-8x)Ö x 1

(15xÛ`y- yÛ`)Ö y 10 `

03
x(3x+6y)+3x(2x- y) ` 1

2abÛ`-3aÛ`b
-4b(b-a) bÛ` ab
a

x
(6x-12)-(4xÜ`-20xÛ`)Ö2x
3

62 II.
 p.28

01 ( )_( )

( + )
= +
5x(-x+2y-5) (2xÛ`-x+3)(-4xy)
( + )
=5x_(-x)+5x_2y+5x_(-5)= ` 10 = +
=2xÛ`_(-4xy)+(-x)_(-4xy)+3_(-4xy)
= ` ` 1

1
(3yÛ`-2xÛ`)_(-6xyÛ`) 1 ` 1 ` `

x(-8xÛ`-6x+4) 1 ` `

=3yÛ`_(-6xyÛ`)+(-2xÛ`)_(-6xyÛ`)=-18xyÝ`+12xÜ`yÛ`
3
= x_(-8xÛ`)+ x_(-6x)+ x_4=-12xÜ`- xÛ`+6x
2

02 ( ) ( )

( + )Ö
(-3xy+4x)Ö2x (- xÛ`+12xy)Ö x +
= = +

-3xy+4x -3xy 4x
= = + =
2x 2x 2x ( + )Ö

2 2 2 1
=( + )_
=(- xÛ`+12xy)_ =(- xÛ`)_ +12xy_
3x 3x 3x 1 1
= _ + _
=

2
(18aÛ`b-6abÜ`)Ö(-3ab) a b`

(12xÜ`+8xÛ`y-6xyÛ`)Ö2x ` `

{2xÜ`-3xÛ`y+ x}Ö; ; 10 ` 1

{- xÛ`y-6xyÛ`}Ö{-; ;xy}
18aÛ`b-6abÜ`
= =-6a+2bÛ`
-3ab
12xÜ`+8xÛ`y-6xyÛ`
= =6xÛ`+4xy-3yÛ`
2x
1 5
={2xÜ`-3x`y+ x}_ =10x`-15xy+
10 x
4
={- xÛ`y-6xyÛ`}_{- }= x+8y
3xy

63
 03

x(8x-2y)-( xÜ`y-3xÛ`yÛ`)Ö xy

2x(3x-4)- 18xÜ`+(3x)Û` Ö(-3x)

5
= x(8x-2y)-( xÜ`y-3xÛ`yÛ`)_
3xy
5 5
= x_8x+ x_(-2y)-{ xÜ`y_ -3xÛ`yÛ`_ }
3xy 3xy
=12xÛ`-3xy-(15xÛ`-5xy)=12xÛ`-3xy-15xÛ`+5xy= `
18xÜ`+ xÛ` 18xÜ` xÛ`
=2x_3x+2x_(-4)- =6xÛ`-8x-{ + }
-3x -3x -3x
=6xÛ`-8x-(-6xÛ`-3x)=6xÛ`-8x+6xÛ`+3x=1 `

3
2x(x-5)-(12xÜ`-8xÛ`)Ö(-4x) ` 1

(-xy+yÛ`)Ö{- y}-(12xÛ`+15xy)Ö3x 10

2x(3x-4)- (xÜ`y-3xÛ`y)Ö{- xy}- x `

2
=6xÛ`-8x- (xÜ`y-3x`y)_{- }- x
xy
=6xÛ`-8x-(-2xÛ`+6x- x)=6xÛ`-8x+2xÛ`+x=8xÛ`- x

04
= _
6 Û`-4

= _ Û`_ =6 `Û -4
6 Û`-4 6 Û` 4
=(6 Û`-4 )Ö Û`= = - = ; ;
Û` Û` Û`

4 3a
6b 0aÛ`-6ab
a
b
= _
3a_6b_ = 0aÛ`-6ab
0a`-6ab 5a
=( 0aÛ`-6ab)Ö18ab= = -
18ab b

64 II.
 p.28

05
x=2 y=-3 (xÛ`-3xy)Öx+(6xy-4yÛ`)Ö2y

xÛ`-3xy 6xy-4yÛ`
= +
x 2y
=x-3y+3x-2y
=4x-5y
=4_2-5_(-3)
=

x=2 y=- (3xÛ`y+6xyÛ`)Ö3xy_xy

6aÛ`-3ab 15ab-10bÛ`
a=1 b=-2 3a - 5b

x=-2 y=-1 (5xy-xÛ`)Ö x-(3yÛ`-2xy)Ö y 11

3xÛ`y+6xyÛ`
= _xy=(x+2y)_xy=xÛ`y+2xyÛ`=2Û`_{- }+2_2_{- }Û`=-
3xy
=2a-b-(3a-2b)=-a+b=-1+(-2)=-3
3
=(5xy-xÛ`)_ -(3yÛ`-2xy)_; ;=15y-3x-6y+4x=x+ y
x
=(-2)+ _(-1)=-11

06
=-2xÛ`y+y =(xÜ`yÛ`+3xyÛ`)Öxy 3( -4 )-4(2 -2 ) x y

=(xÜ`yÛ`+3xyÛ`)Öxy=xÛ`y+3y
3( -4 )-4(2 -2 )=3 -12 -8 +8
=-5 -4
=-5(-2xÛ`y+y)-4(xÛ`y+3y)
=10xÛ`y-5y-4xÛ`y-12y
= ` 1

6 =3xÛ`+5x+2 =xÛ`+6x+1 =xÛ`-4x+

- -(4-4 )-3 x ` 1
- -(4-4 )-3 = -( -4+4 -3 )
= - +4-4 +3
=4 -4 - +4
=4(3xÛ`+5x+2)-4(xÛ`+6x+1)-(xÛ`-4x+ )+4
= xÛ`+1

65
 p.29

01
3a(2a-1) a` a -a(a-3b+5) a` ab a

-4x(2x+y-3) ` 1 3x(4x-2y+1) 1 `

02
x
(6xÛ`y-4xy)Ö(-2y) ` (xÛ`-2x)Ö
3

(15xÛ`-10x)Ö x (8xÛ`y-4xyÛ`)Ö{- xy}

03
2x(3x-1)+3x(4-x) ` 10

4x{ x-3}-6x{ x- }

5xÜ`+4xÛ`-x 12xÝ`-3xÜ`+6xÛ`
- `
x 3xÛ`

(3xÛ`- xy)Ö3x+(15xÛ`y- xyÛ`)Ö xy 11

04
2xÜ`y+12xÛ`yÛ`-6xy
3x(2x+4y)- `
xy

x
(x-3y)+{- xÛ`+ }Ö; ;
2

{6x- y}_ x-{ xÛ`y-4xÜ`}Ö x 1 `

3x(4x-1)- (xyÜ`-2xÛ`y)Ö{- xy}+4x 1 ` 11 `

66 II.
 p.30

01
-3xy(x+y-1)=-3xÛ`y-3xyÛ`+3xy
(3yÛ`-2xÛ`)_(-6xyÛ`)=-18xyÝ`+12xÜ`yÛ`
(-6xÛ`+ xy)Ö3x=-2x+3y

(4xyÛ`+2xÛ`y)Ö xy=8y+4x

✔ (6xÛ`yÛ`-4xyÜ`)Ö{- xy}=- xÜ`yÜ`+6xÛ`yÝ`

3
(6xÛ`yÛ`-4xyÜ`)Ö{ xy}=(6xÛ`yÛ`-4xyÜ`)_{ }=- xy+6yÛ`
2xy

02 5x(x-1)- xÛ`-x(-2x+3) Ö(-x)=axÛ`+bx+ a+b-

a b
xÛ`-3x
5x(x-1)- xÛ`-x(-2x+3) Ö(-x)=5xÛ`-5x- =5xÛ`-5x-(-3x+3)
-x
=5xÛ`-2x-3=axÛ`+bx+
a=5 b=-2 =-3 a+b- =5+(-2)-(-3)=6

03 3
- xy
4
2xÜ`yÛ`-xÛ`y
`

_{- xy}=2xÜ`yÛ`-xÛ`y
4
=(2xÜ`yÛ`-xÛ`y)Ö{- xy}=(2xÜ`yÛ`-xÛ`y)_{ }=- xÛ`y+ x
3xy
04 (2x+3)

(2x+3)` (3x+1)`
x` (3x+1)
x
( ` )` `
=x(2x+3)+x(3x+1)-xÛ`=4xÛ`+4x( `) x

05 3x
= _ _
18 xÝ`-21 xÛ`yÛ` ` `

= _ _

_ _(3x)Û`_ =18 xÝ`-21 xÛ`yÛ` 3 xÛ`_ =18 xÝ`-21 xÛ`yÛ`

=(18 xÝ`-21 xÛ`yÛ`)Ö3 xÛ`=6xÛ`- yÛ`

06
xÛ`y-2xyÛ` 3yÛ`-2xy
x=-1 y=2 +
xy y
1
x=-3 y=
3
(12xÝ`yÜ`-8xÜ`yÛ`)Ö(2xy)Û`-( xÜ`y-18xy)Ö(-3x)
=x-2y+3y-2x=-x+y=-(-1)+2=3
12xÝ`yÜ`-8xÜ`yÛ` xÜ`y-18xy
= - =3xÛ`y-2x- -3xÛ`y+6y)
4xÛ`yÛ` -3x
1 1
=6xÛ`y-2x-6y=6_(-3)Û`_ -2_(-3)-6_ =22
3 3
67
 p.31

xyÛ`
1 05 x(x-3y)-{xÛ`y- 2 }Ö y

01 1
3
(8xÛ`-3x+6)-(-4xÛ`-10x+3)
-
11
xÛ`- xy ✔ -
11
xÛ`- xy
` 1 6 6
8
=
3
xÛ`-x+2+4xÛ`+10x-3 3xÛ`- xy xÛ`- xy
20
= xÛ`+ x-1
3
xÛ`+ xy
xyÛ`
= xÛ`-2xy-{xÛ`y- }_; ;
2
5 11

02
xÛ`-2xy-{ xÛ`- xy}=- xÛ`- xy
3a-5b- 6a-3b- 2a-3(a+5b) 4 6

✔ -4a-1 b -2a-15b 06 3
Ö{- xÛ`y}= xy-2y
5
2a-12b 4a-15b
5a-1 b
=3a-5b- 6a-3b-(2a-3a-15b)
- xÛ`yÜ`+ xÛ`yÛ` - xÜ`yÛ`+ xyÛ`
=3a-5b-(6a-3b+a+15b)
=3a-5b- a-12b
✔ - xÜ`yÛ`+ xÛ`yÛ` - xÛ`yÜ`- xyÛ`
=-4a-1 b

-2xÜ`yÛ`+ xÛ`y

03 2xÛ`-3x+5 ={ xy-2y}_{- xÛ`y}=- xÜ`yÛ`+ xÛ`yÛ`

- xÛ`-2x+
` 1
-(2xÛ`-3x+5)=- xÛ`-2x+
=- xÛ`-2x+ +(2xÛ`-3x+5)=-5xÛ`-5x+12
07 2b

(-5xÛ`-5x+12)+(2xÛ`-3x+5)=-3xÛ`-8x+1 16abÜ`+12aÛ`bÜ`
2b
1 ab aÛ`b 2b

04
1 4bÛ`
_(2b)Û`_ =16abÜ`+12aÛ`bÜ` _ =16abÜ`+12aÛ`bÜ`
3 3
4bÛ` 3
=(16abÜ`+12aÛ`bÜ`)Ö =(16abÜ`+12aÛ`bÜ`)_
(2a+b)-3(a-2b+1)=-a+ b-3 3 4bÛ`
=12ab+ aÛ`b
(-xÛ`+x+5)+(4xÛ`-x+3)=3xÛ`+8
✔ (-2a+b)_(-ab)=2aÛ`b+abÛ` 08 x=-2 y=
1
2
(8aÛ`b+2abÛ`)Ö(-2a)=-4ab-bÛ` xyÛ`-12xy 8xÛ`-16xÛ`y
-3y 2x
{3xÜ`y-xÛ`yÛ`}Ö xÛ`y= x-3y
(-2a+b)_(-ab)=2aÛ`b-abÛ` -11 ✔ -5 1
5 11
xyÛ` 12xy 8xÛ` 16xÛ`y
= - -{ - }
-3y -3y 2x 2x
=-3xy+4x-(4x-8xy)
1
=5xy=5_(-2)_ =-5
2

68 II.
 2 12 3a

4a b
2b
09 (4xÛ`-2x-3)-2(xÛ`+ax+1)
2b

x 6 a 4a
ab
✔ -4 -2 0 ={
1 1 1
_4a_b}+{ _a_b}+{ _3a_2b}
2 2 2
2 4 1
=2ab+ ab+3ab
(4xÛ`-2x-3)-2(xÛ`+ax+1)=4xÛ`-2x-3-2xÛ`-2ax-2 2
=2xÛ`+(-2-2a)x-5 11
= ab
-2-2a=6 -2a=8 a=-4 2

6aÛ`bÜ`+ +8aÛ`b
10 -2aÛ`b
=-3bÛ`+4ab-4 13 x=- y= =
xy-2y +3x
xy

xy-2y +3x xy 2y 3x
= - +
-8aÜ` ✔ -8aÜ`bÛ` -8aÛ`bÜ` xy xy xy xy
1
8aÛ`bÜ`` 8aÜ`bÜ` = -; ;+; ;

6aÛ`bÜ`+ +8aÛ`b 6aÛ`bÜ` 8aÛ`b 3

= + + =1Ö -2Ö{- }+3
4
-2aÛ`b -2aÛ`b -2aÛ`b -2aÛ`b
4
=1_ -2_(-2)+3_
=-3bÛ`+ -4=-3bÛ`+4ab-4 3
-2aÛ`b 4
= +4+ =
3
=4ab
-2aÛ`b
=4ab_(-2aÛ`b)=-8aÜ`bÛ`

11 =3x(x-2)+5x+1 14 (-2x`)`=-8xÚ`Þ`
a b
=(8xÜ`+2xÛ`-6x)Ö(-2x)-(15xÛ`-3x)
Ö(-3x)
2a- b- 3a-4(a+2b) -5a
=3xÛ`-4x+5-2x(x-3)
- 2 - -( -2 ) x (-2x`)`=(-2)`x`` -8xÚ`Þ`=(-2)Ü`xÚ`Þ`
b=3 ab=15 a=5 b=3
` 10 10
2a- b- 3a-4(a+2b) -5a =6a- b
=3xÛ`-x+1 =-4xÛ`+4x+2 =xÛ`+2x+5 a=5 b=3 6a- b
- 2 - -( -2 ) 6a- b=6_5- _3=3
=2 - -2
=2(3xÛ`-x+1)-(-4xÛ`+4x+2)-2(xÛ`+2x+5)
=8xÛ`-10x-10

69
 1 p.33

a+5b- 3a- 6-5a-(2b+1) 1-1 4xÛ`- 3x- 2xÛ`-(2x-3)-5

a b xÛ`

a+5b- 3a- 6-5a-(2b+1) =4xÛ`- 3x-(2x`-2x+3-5)

=4xÛ`-(3x-2x`+2x+2)
=a+5b- 3a-(6-5a-2b-1) =4xÛ`+2x`-5x-2
=a+5b- 3a-(-5a-2b+5) =6xÛ`-5x-2

=a+5b-(3a+5a+2b-5)
=a+5b-(8a+2b-5)
=a+5b-8a-2b+5
=- a+3b+5 `
xÛ` 6 -2
a b
6+(-2)=4
a - b 3
- +3=-4

-4

2
1 2
x=-3 y= 2-1 a= b=-
2 3
(16xÜ`yÛ`-8xÛ`y)Ö4xy-(36xÛ`yÛ`-12xy)Ö(-6y) 4
(12aÜ`b-4aÛ`bÛ`)Ö ab+ a(10a-4b)
3

(16xÜ`yÛ`-8xÛ`y)Ö4xy-(36xÛ`yÛ`-12xy)Ö(-6y)
16xÜ`yÛ`-8xÛ`y 36xÛ`yÛ`-12xy 3
= - =(12aÜ`b-4aÛ`bÛ`)_ + a(10a-4b)
4xy -6y 4ab
= aÛ`-3ab+15aÛ`-6ab
16xÜ`yÛ` 8xÛ`y 36xÛ`yÛ` 12xy
= - -{ - } =24aÛ`- ab
4xy 4xy -6y -6y
=4xÛ`y-2x-(-6xÛ`y+2x)
=4xÛ`y-2x+6xÛ`y-2x
=10xÛ`y-4x 2 `Û
=24_{ } - _ _{- }
3
5
=
3
=10_(-3)Û`_ -4_(-3)

=5

70 II.
 1 5 abÜ`
3 -6{ x-y}+(-3x+5y)=5x-2y
3
abÜ` 4ab
4ab
2aÛ`bÝ`+6aÜ`bÛ`

-6{ x-y}+(-3x+5y)=5x-2y

-2x+6y-3x+5y=5x-2y
-5x+11y=5x-2y 3
1
= _ + _
=5x-2y-(-5x+11y) 2
=5x-2y+5x-11y 1
_ abÜ`+ _4ab=2aÛ`bÝ`+6aÜ`bÛ` 2
2
=10x-13y 3
abÜ`+ _2ab=2aÛ`bÝ`+6aÜ`bÛ`
abÜ`+ =(2aÛ`bÝ`+6aÜ`bÛ`)Ö2ab
=(2aÛ`bÝ`+6aÜ`bÛ`)Ö2ab-abÜ`
2a`b`+6a`b`
= -abÜ`
2ab
=(abÜ`+3aÛ`b)-abÜ``
=3aÛ`b 4

10 1 a`b

3 1
4 - ab 6 ={-3xÛ`y+ xyÛ`}Ö xy
4 5
- aÛ`bÜ`+12aÜ`bÛ`-18aÛ`bÛ` 5
= {4x- y} x y
2

3 + -3 -( - )
_{- ab}=- aÛ`bÜ`+12aÜ`bÛ`-18aÛ`bÛ`
3
=(- aÛ`bÜ`+12aÜ`bÛ`-18aÛ`bÛ`)Ö{- ab}
4
4
=(- aÛ`bÜ`+12aÜ`bÛ`-18aÛ`bÛ`)_{- }
3ab 5 1
={-3xÛ`y+ xyÛ`}_ =-5x+ y 2
=12abÛ`-16aÛ`b+24ab 4 3xy 3
=10x-y 2
3 + -3 -( - ) =3 -2 1
4 1
(12abÛ`-16aÛ`b+24ab)Ö{- ab}=(12abÛ`-16aÛ`b+24ab)_{- } =3{-5x+ y}-2(10x-y)
3ab 3
64 =-35x+3y 2
=-16b+ a-32 2
3

1 b a

71
 01
m n
aµ``_aÇ` =a (aµ``)Ç` =a
(m n aµ`` ÑÇ`
m=n a aÇ`
a+0 amÖan={ (ab)Ç` =aÇ` bÇ` { }Ç` = b+0)
1 b bÇ`
9m n
an-m

02

1 Ö =

1
2 Ö = _ =

03

_
( + )= +
Ö

01 m+n mn 1 02 03

72 II.
III

1
2
 01
1
` )
5 2 x 5 x+1 2 2-3x 5- x

2x-1` 3

a b( b a) a b( b a) a b( b a) a b( b a)
a b a b
a b a b
a b a b
a b a b
a b a b

a b a b a=b
a b a b a=b

2
x+2 6
x=3 3+2 6 x=3
x= +2 6 x=

x 0 1 2 3 2x+1 5
x=0 1 2 3 2x+1 5
x=0 1 5
x=1 2+1 5
x=2 4+1 5
x=3 6+1 5
2x+1 5 0 1

74 III.
Δ

a<b a <b a <b

a<b >0 `a <b ; A;<; ;

a<b <0 a >b ; A;>; ;

É

2 4
2 2

2+2 4+2 2-2 4-2

2 2

2_2 4_2 2Ö2 4Ö2

-2 -2

2_(-2) 4_(-2) 2Ö(-2) 4Ö(-2)

= É

75
 p.35
p.3

01
5x 0 6= -3 3x+y-2
y=2x+3 3x-1 4x -2 1

02
x 3 > x -1 1

x - x <

03 x=3

x 0 3+x 1
5-x 3 2x 3x-3
x=3

04 x 0 1 2 3 4 2x+3 0 1

05 a b

a b -2 a+(-2)` > `b+(-2)

a b -1 a-(-1)` > `b-(-1)
a b 3 3a` > `3b

a b -5 -; A;` < `-; ;

76 III.
 p.35

01
2 ( )

2+3=5 x -5 a-3

1 5_3 3y-(y-1)

1
x-1 0 2(a+5) 0 ✔ b=a+1
2 -(x+3) 4_3+6 15

02
=
=
x 3 3x-
600 x 5000 600xÉ 5000 =
x y 55 2x+4y 55 =

x 4 2 1 2(x-4) 1
x 3 5 3x+5

= 2(x-4) 1

2
y 4 25 É

4` 3` x 20`
< 0

2300 x 1500 2 8000

00 000 É 000

77
 03
-x+5 2x 2

0 1 2
3 4

x=0 1 2 3 4 -x+5 2x

x=0 (-1)_0+5 2_0

x=1 (-1)_1+5 2_1
x=2 (-1)_2+5 2_2
x=3 (-1)_3+5 2_3
x=4 (-1)_4+5 2_4
-x+5 2x

3
x+2 3 `2` 2x-1 É10 `5` ✔ 3x x+2 -1
-2xÉ x+6 -2 5x+8É 2x+1 -3
3_(-1) (-1)+2

04
a b

a+2` `b+2 -5+a` `-5+b a_ ` `b_

aÖ6` `bÖ6 -2a` `-2b

4 a b

a+3` > `b+3 a- ` > `b- 3a` > `3b

✔ -; A;` < `-; ; ; A;` > `; ;

78 III.
 p.35
p.3

05
-3a+2 -3b+2
a b

4a-3` `4b-3 5- a` `5- b -; A;+ ` `-; ;+

-3a+2 -3b+2 2 -3a -3b

-3a -3b -3 a b
a b 4 4a 4b
4a 4b 3 4a-3` < `4b-3
a b - - a - b
- a - b 5 5- a` > `5- b

a b -5 -; A; -; ;

-; A; -; ; -; A;+ ` > `-; ;+

5 -5a+1 -5b+1

2a+ 2b+ 3a-2 3b-2 ✔ 3-4a 3-4b

a-3 b-3 1-; A; 1-; ;

-5a+1 -5b+1 -5a -5b a b
a b -4 -4a -4b
-4a -4b 3 3-4a 3-4b

06
a
-1 a 3
a+
a
3a-3 -2a+1
a+
-1 a 3 3 -3 3a y
3
< a <
-1 a 3 -2 2 -2a -6
-6 -2a 2 y
1
< a 1<

6 -3 x 2

4-x < 2x-3 < 1

` -3 x 2 -1 3 -x -2 -2 -x 3 y
4 2 4-x
-3 x 2 2 -6 2x 4 y
3 - 2x-3 1

79
 p.36

01 a

2` 3` a 25`

= 2+3_a É25 2+3aÉ É25

02 x=-3

3x+1 4x-1 5 4x+1 3x-1

✔ 2x-3 -x+ ; ;+5

2_(-3)-3 -(-3)+

03 x
x=1 2 3
5
3
3x-2

04 -; A; -; ;
a b

3a+2 3b+2 -2a-3É -2b-3

-a+3É -b+3 a-1 b-1

a b - - aÉ - b
✔ - a+ - b+
- aÉ - b - a+ É- b+

05
a+3 b+3 a` `b

-a+ -b+ a` `b

5a+3 5b+3 a` `b

; A;-2 ; ;-2 a` `b

✔ 2-3a 2-3b a` `b

06
-5É 3-2x 1 x 1< É

-2É x 6 11-; ; <11 É 1

-1 a 2 b -5a+1 b b-
1
-5 3-2x 1 3 -8 -2x -2 -2 1 x 4
-2 x 6 - -3 -; ; 1 11 8 11- ; 12
-1 a 2 -5 -10 -5a 5 1 - -5a+1 6
80 III. b=- =6 b- =- -6=-15
02
1
0 0 0 0

2
x x x x

x a x a x a x a

a a a a

3
2 x
ax b ax b ax b ax b (a+0)
x 0 a a 0 +
0 -
3x 12-x
+a a -a a
3x 12-x
+3 3 x-5 5
3x+x 12
2Û` 2Ü` 2Ý` y 2ax 2 2
b
4x2Ü`=2_2_2
12 2_3=2+2+2 2Ü`+2_3
x
x 3 aÛ` aÜ` aÝ` y a
aÛ` aÜ` aÝ` y a

40 -

0 -
`
0 -
``
`` 10

81
 p.37

01
x-6 4x+2 xÛ`-3x 1 _

-x+5 2-x _ xÛ`-6 xÛ`-4x

x`-3x-1 0
x 2
-x+5-2+x 0 3 0

02 x

x 3 xÉ -2

x -4 x 1

03 x

- -x -3x 2x 1 x
x-1 3x-5 x -4 x 2

04
2(x+2) 3x-1
3x-1
10
-x x 5
x
+4 ; ;+
2
x+4
2x 0 x > -10
0 3-0 2x 0 5x-1 8
10 3-2x 1

x -21 x > 3

82 III.
 p.38

01

0 0
x-4 -3 5x+1 x`-x- 0 0

4x-1 3+4x x+3 -2x-

x-1 0 -xÛ`+6x+8 0
-4 0 3x+10 0

1
2x+1 1 3-x x-3 ✔ x+x 2x-3

x-5 2+ x -xÛ`-x+4 1-xÛ`

2x 0 -2x+6 0 3 0 x- 0 -x+3 0

02

x-3 1 x+4 5

x -2 -3x 6

x-3 1 3 x+4 5 4
>1

x -2 2 -3x 6 -3
<

x+2 -1 <É - x - É

83
 03
x

5x-4 3x-14 2x+8 6x-4

x

5x-4 3x-14 x
5x-3x -14+4 2x -10 -3x 5
x - _
2 x <
x -
2x+8 6x-4 x
2x-6x -4-8 -4x -12
-12
-4 x
-4

3
3x-4 x+12 É 4x-2 x-12 <

3x-4 x+12 3x-x 12+4 2x 16 x 8

4x-2 x-12 4x- x -12+2 -5x -10 x 2

04

-3(-x+6) 6 3(2-x)-2(x+2) x+5

x

-3(-x+6) 6 3x-18 6
x 3x 24 x

3 x >
3(2-x)-2(x+2) x+5 6-3x-2x-4 Éx+5
x -6xÉ 3
-6 x -

4
2(3x-1)-1 3(-x+5) É 4(x-1) 2(x-3)+5x <
2(3x-1)-1 3(-x+5) 6x-2-1 -3x+15 x 18 x 2

4(x-1) 2(x-3)+5x 4x-4 2x-6+5x -3x -2 x

84 III.
 p.38

05

x-1 x-3
- x-1 0 2(x+1) 1 2x-0 8
3 6
10
x-1 x-3
- x-1 3 6 6
3 6
2(x-1)-(x-3) 6(x-1)
2x-2-x+3 6x-6
x -5x -
-
-5 x <
-5
0 2(x+1) 1 2x-0 8 10 2(x+1) 12x-8
2x+2 12x-8
x -10x -10
-10
-10 x É 1
-10

5
2x+3 3x-5
- 1 >1 1 3(2x-3) 3 5x+1 5
3 4
2x+3 3x-5
- 1 3 4 12 4(2x+3)-3(3x-5) 12
3 4
8x+12- x+15 12 -x -15 x 15
1 3(2x-3) 3 5x+1 5 10 13(2x-3) 35x+15
26x-3 35x+15 - x 54 x -6

06
ax b (a+0)
5x-a 2x+1 x 3 a x
a 0
5x-a 2x+1 5x-2x 1+a x
b b
=
a a
1+a
3x 1+a x x
3
a 0
1+a
x 3 =3 b b
3 x
a a
=

1+a= a=

6 x+5 3x-a x 4 a
a+5
x+5 3x-a x-3x -a-5 -2x -a-5 x
2
a+5
x 4 =4
2
a+5=8 a=3

85
 p.39

07
4x+1 - a-6x 2(1-x) a

4x+1 - 4x -8 x -2
a-2
a-6x 2(1-x) a-6x 2-2x -4x 2-a x
4
a-2
-2= a-2=-8 a=
4

x-4
7 ; ;-
4
3- x -x+2a

a
x-4
; ;- 2x-(x-4) 10 x 6
4
12a-18
3- x -x+2a 18-x -6x+12a 5x 12a-18 x
5
12a-18
6= a=4
5

08
x x

a 0 x ax-3 5
ax b
a 2 x ax+6É 2x+3a
a 0 x ; ;

ax-3 5 ax 8 a 0 x ; ;

a 0 a
>; ;
ax+6É 2x+3a ax-2x 3a-6 (a-2)x É3(a-2)
a 2 a-2 0 a-2

8
a 0 x -ax-5a 0 <

a 3 x ax-a 3(x-1) x
1
-ax-5a 0 -ax 5a
a 0 -a 0 -a
x -5
ax-a 3(x-1) ax-a 3x-3 (a-3)x a-3
a 3 a-3 0 a-3
x É1
x 1 1

86 III.
 p.39

01
4x+5 3x-2 > 6x-5 8x+13 <

x+ É 4x-3 2x+3 4x-

-1+2x -13+5x > 3x-8 -x-20 <

02
2(x+3)É -x+ 1 3(x-2) 2(2x+1)

5(x-2) 8-x > 2x-5(x+2) 4 <

5-(x+4)É 3(2x- ) -2(x+1)É 5(2x-3)-11

03
2x+1
-1 2 <10 x-1 x >

2x-1 x+3 x+1

x- É x- 1 >1
3 2 4

x+5 3x-
- -1 < x- x+ 1
5 2

04
0 1x -1 4x > x+0 6 0 2x-1 <

0 8-0 2xÉ 0 5x-0 6 0 3(2x-3)-2É 3 5x 1

0 2x-0 3 1 12x+1 1 É 0 5(2x-5) (x+3) >

87
 p.41

01 2

5x+3 6+5x -2x+4 2(x-1)

✔ xÛ`+4 1-2x+xÛ` ✔ 2xÛ`-3x+1 2xÛ`+3x-4
2-xÛ` 1+3x

-3 0 2 0 2x+3 0 -6x+5 0 -xÛ`-3x+1 0

02 x-
4x-1
3
-4 x 1

4x-1
x- -4 3 3x-(4x-1) -12
3
3x-4x+1 -12 -x -13 x 13
x 1 2 3 y 13 13

03 1
0 4x- x
5
0 3+ x

0 4x- x 0 3+ x 10 4x-2x 3+5x -3x 3 x -1

04 3x-(x-6) 5x+3 3x+a 1-2(1-x)

a
3x-(x-6) 5x+3 -3x -3 x 1
3x+a 1-2(1-x) x -1-a
1=-1-a a=-2

05 a 1 x 2a(x+3)-1 É5+2x

x É-5 ✔ x -3 x -3
xÉ 3
2a(x+3)-1 5+2x 2ax+6a-1 5+2x 2(a-1)x -6(a-1) (a-1)x -3(a-1)
a 1 a-1 0 a-1
x -3

06 2-ax 3x+6 x É- a
2-ax 3x+6 -ax-3x 4 -(a+3)x 4 x
4
x - -(a+3) 0 x - x
a+3
4
- =- 12=2(a+3) a+3=6 a=3
a+3

88 III.
03
1
x

3000 2500 500 200

2

x
(3000+500x)
(2500+200x)
2
3000+500x 2(2500+200x)
x 20
20 2

2
= _

=
x`

0` x 0x`

60` x`

3
= _100 ( )

= _
100
10` 200` _200=20 ( )

89
 p.41

01 1000 800
1200

1000 y

( 00 + 1 00 ) y

1000 00 + 1 00

>

02 2` D 4` = _

3 =

3 x`

x
2` =
4`
2
{ ; ; +; ; } x

4Km
=

3 4
= ; ;
x
+; ;É
×
4 × + 4 ≤ 3 ×4
2 X
`
×
4 G2
xtx 12

3x ≤ 12

x ≤ 4
90 III.
 p.42

01
4 10 2 x-1 x x+1
x x+1 x+2

x x+2
x x+2
a
4x-10 2(x+2) 4x-10 2x+4 2x 14 x
x x+a
x 6
6+8=1

1
6
0 1

5 14 x
x
x-1 x x+1 (x-1)+x+(x+1) 6 x 32
x 31
30 31 32

5 x x+5 x+(x+5) 14 x

x 5

02
x
10000 25000
4000 3000 x
=
+ _x

x (10000+4000x) (25000+3000x)

10000+4000x 25000+3000x 1000x 15000 x 15

1

2 40000 20000
5000 1000
3 11
x (40000+5000x) (20000+1000x)
40000+5000x 3(20000+1000x) x 10
11 3

91
 03
5 88 5 =

85

x
5+88+ 5+x
85 x 82
4

3 16000 20000 22000

20000 000
x
16000+20000+22000+x
É20000 xÉ 22000
4
22000

04
x
500 300 20 3000 -x
10000

x (20-x)
500x+300(20-x)+3000É 10000 500x+6000-300x+3000 10000
200x 1000 x É5

4 1 3000 1 1500
30 58000

x (30-x)
3000x+1500(30-x) 58000 x

92 III.
 p.42

05
2000 1 00
1500

2000x 1 00x+1500 300x 1500 x 5

5 1 2000 40
25` 40
40 1
x 40
x 40
2000x (2000_0 5)_40 x 30
31 40

06
10` `
= _
56` Û`
+
_

x`
_(x+10)_ 56 x+ 0 112 x 42 x 6

6 10` 80` Û`

x`
_10_x 80 x 16

16`

93
 p.42

07
20` 12` =

4` 3 12`

30 + 4`
É

x`
x
(20-x)`
12
20-x
4
x 20-x
+ É x+3(20-x) 42 -2x -18 x
12 4

7 1 30
4` 20
`

x` _2+ É x É

08
10` 200` 8`
= _100

x` (200+x)`
_200É _(200+x) 2000 1600+8x -8x -400 x 50

8 6` 500` 10`

x` (500-x)`
_500 _(500-x) x 200

200`

9 4` 300` ` `
`
` x` (300+x)`

_300+ _x _(300+x) x 450

` 450`

94 III.
 p.43

01 4000 2 3
00
x (4000-x)
2x 3(4000-x) x 2400
2400

02 540` 100`
2 1 30`
3
x (540+30x)` (100+30x)`
540+30xÉ 3(100+30x) x 4
4 3

03 12` 60`
=2_ +
1 `
x`
2(12+x)É 60 xÉ 18
18`

04 2` 5` =
4
`
x`
; ;+; ; 4 xÉ

05 8` 350` 14`

x` (350-x)`
8 14
_350 _(350-x) x 150
100 100
150`

06 11000 30` 10` =

x
-
a`
000
x x 10` x_0 1=0 1x a
11000 30` 11000_(1-0 3)= 00
x{1+ }
100
00-x 0 1x -1 1x 00 x 000 x b`
000
b
x{1- }
100

95
 p.44

1 04
01 a-2 b-2 a` < `b
5a+3 5b+3 a` < `b
x 4 5 10 ✔ 1-a 1-b a` > `b
4x-5 10
; A;-1 ; ;-1 a` < `b
300 x 3000
300x 3000 -2a+3 -2b+3 a` < `b
500 x 1-a 1-b 1 -a -b
-1 a b
5000
500+x 5000
✔ x 3 4 10
3x+4 10
1500 x 1 00 2
000 05
1500x+1 00_2 000 3x-1 xÛ`+2x
= =
3x+4 10
2(x-3) É1+2x
6x=4-(x+2)
✔ 4(2-x) -3+2x
5x+3+x 3(2x+5)
02 [ ]
-x`+x-1 0 - 0
x-2=0 -6x+11 0
8x+6 -2 [-2] -3x-1 4 [-1] -12 0

2x-1É 5 [3] ✔ -x É-2x [2]

x-1 x

06
-2É -2_2

03 a Éb 2(x+1) 8 -2x É-6

✔ 2-3x - ✔ -4x -12
6a-3É 6b-3 -; A;-1 -; ;-1
- x+4 É2 5
; A;-5 É ;-5 -3-2a -3-2b x x 3
2-3x - x 3
✔ -100+2a -100+2b -4x -12 xÉ 3
a bÉ 2 2aÉ 2b
2a 2É b 100 -100+2aÉ -100+2b

96 III.
07 1
0 4x- x
2
1 2+ x 10 a(x-3) a-2x
a

a(x-3) a-2x ax-3a a-2x (a+2)x 10a

✔ x x 2
a+2 0
10a
x
a+2
10a
x 2 =2 10a=2(a+2) a=
a+2

0 4x- x 1 2+ x 10

4x-5x 12+2x -3x 12 x -4

11 4 10
2
1
x x+2
4x-10 2(x+2) x
x
+ =16

08 1
4
(x-a) x+ x 3É

-12 ✔ - 3 12 65
15
5 3
5a+8
(x-a) x+ 20 x - 4 ✔ 10
5
5a+8
x 3 -
5
=3 12 15
x (65+x) (15+x)
a=
65+x 3É (15+x) x 10
10 3

09 a 5 x
ax+1 5x-4

5
13 2 4 8
x ; ; x
a-5
86
5 5
✔ x - x -
a-5 a-5

x -; ;+1 3 4 8
ax+1 5x-4 (a-5)x -5 ✔ 80 82
a 5 a-5 0 a-5 x
2+ 4+ 8+x
86 x 80
5 4
x -
a-5 80

97
14 800 17 -2 xÉ 3 =4-3x
600 É <10
-2 x 3 -3 - -3x 6
1000
4 -5 4-3x 10 -5 10

5 ✔ 6
8
x
800x 600x+1000 x 5
6
18 y= -3x -5 y É15 x
a b
a-3b
y= -3x -5 -3x 15
-12 -3x 8

-3 - x 4

2 a=3 b=-2
a-3b=3-3_(-2)=

15 a b 0
2

5-a 5-b ✔ aÛ` bÛ`

19 x
2
-0 5{x+ } 0 25x
-2a -2b ✔ ; ; ;b; x a
x+1 2x-5
2-; A; 2-; ; - 1 x
3 2
b a+b
a=-2 b=-1 (-2)Û` (-1)Û` aÛ` bÛ` -0 5{x+ } 0 25x 100

a=-2 b=-1 - -1 ; ; ;b; x - a=-1

x+1 2x-5
- 1 6
3 2

x b=3

a+b=-1+3=2

16 +0)

1
20 ax+4 3x+2a
b; a b 2a-4
a x a
a-3
a b
a b
Û` Û` a 3 ✔ a 3 aÉ 3
a-b 0 ab 0 a 0 b 0 a -3 a É-3
ax+4 3x+2a (a-3)x 2a-4 y
a=3 b=-1 -1 3 -1 2a-4
x
a-3
a b
` 0 a b a-3 0 a 3
Û` Û`
a-b 0 a b ab 0 a b
a 0 b 0

98 III.
 p.45

21 (a-1)x - x 3 25 1 6000 30
x-3 ax+1 20`
- É1
4 2 30
x a 1
30
(a-1)x - x 3
a-1 0

(a-1)x - a-1 x - x 30
a-1 (x (30
- =3 a=-2 6000x (6000_0 8)_30 x 24
a-1
25 30
x-3 -2x+1
- 1 4 x
4 2
x 1 1

22 3(x-1)+a -6x
26 3000`
x a
50` 150`
30
3-a
3(x-1)+a -6x x 3-a x
0`
x
x` (3000-x)`
3-a
1 3-a a -6 3000-x
+ 30 x É 50
150
a -6
50`

23 2x-3 x+a
27 12` 50` 8`
x 4 a
<a 10`
a+3
2x-3 x+a -5x a+3 x -
5 8`
x 4 0`

a+3 8` x (50+x)`
4 - 5 -25 a+3 -20 a+3
5 -
5 _50+ _x _(50+x)
-28 a -23
x 50
8` 50`

24
1 2 1`
3 6` 28 50`
x`
20`
500
x
1 2`
100 18 18 5 1
x (500-x) ✔ 20 20 5
2 1(500-x)+3 6x 1É 200 xÉ 100
a 1 5a 20` 0 2a
100
1 5a x` 1 5a_{1- }

1 5a_{1- }-a 0 2a xÉ 20

x 20

99
 1 p.47

x+3 x-a a+x

x- -1 1-1 3-
4 3 2
0 1(6x+a) -0 2+0 3x a -0 6(x-1) 0 2(5-4x) a

a a
< 1

x+3 3-
x-a a+x
6
x- -1 12 3 2
4
a-18
18-2(x-a) 3(a+x) -5x a-18 x -
4x-3(x+3) -12 x -3 5

0 ( 1) 0 ( )
0 1( a)< 0 0
-0 6(x-1) 0 2(5-4x) 10
0 1(6x+a) -0 2+0 3x 10 -6x+6 10-8x 2x 4 x 2
-a-2
6x+a -2+3x 3x -a-2 x
3
a a

a-18
- =2 -a+18=10 a=8
-a-2 5
-3= - =-a-2 a=
3

2
2-1
1

12000 30 45
21000 30 15 1 00 1200
6000

1 0
1 30 1 x
1200x 6000+ 00x
x
12000+ 0x 21000+30x
500x 6000 x 12

60x 000 x 150

150 1 13

150 1

100 III.
 x 5
3 -6<x É12 A=-1-
3
1000 3 4 200
aÉ A<b b-3a
5000

-6<xÉ 12 -;3!; -4É -;3{;<2

1 -5É -1-;3{;<1

-5 A<1 4 x {1000+200(x-3)}
a=-5 b=1 1 1000+200(x-3)<5000 3
b-3a=1-3_(-5)=16 1 1000+200x-600<5000
200x<4600 x<23 3
22 2

16 22

4 2(x+a)<3x-6 x 6
9 a
130

2(x+a)<3x-6 2x+2a<3x-6
-x<-2a-6 x>2a+6 2 y
x 9
8 2a+6<9 3

2 2a<3 1 a<;2#; 2

x (2x+1)
2x+1 130 3
129
2x 129 x 2
2
64 2

1Éa<;2#; 64

101
 III

1
2
 01
1 2

2 2
1
1
3x+y-1=0
x y 2
2
ax+by+c=0 a b c a 0 b 0)
4x-y-1=0 x+2y=3
2
3x+y+2 x+3=0 1 xÛ`+y=1 x 2

2 x y 2 x y
(x y)

x y 2 x=a y=b (a b)

x y x+2y=8 (x y)
x x=1 2 3 y y

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 y

y ;2&; 3 ;2%; 2 ;2#; 1 ;2!; 0 -;2!; y

x y (2 3) (4 2) (6 1)

2 2

2 2 2
x+y=1 2x+y=0
[ [
x-y=3 3x-2y=7

2 x y 2
x y (x y)

x+y=5
x y [
x+2y=6

x+y=5 (x y) (1 4) (2 3) (3 2) (4 1)
x+2y=6 (x y) (2 2) (4 1)
(4 1) x=4 y=1

104 III.
 p.48

01 2 2

3x+4=0 2x+3y=0

xÛ`-2x+1=0 ;3{;-y+2=0

; ;-2y-1=0 xy+y=2

02 (x y) 2x+3y=4
2
( ) x y

x= y=

(2 0) (3 -1)
(-1 2) (-2 3)
` ` 2x+3y=4

03 x y x=1 2 3 y y

(x y)

2x+y=7
x 1 2 3 4 5 y
y 5 3 1 -1 -3 y

(1 5) (2 3) (3 1)

x+3y=8
x 1 2 3 4 5 y
y ;3&; 2 ;3; ;3; 1 y

(2 2) (5 1)

x+y=4
04 x y [
3x+y=10

x+y=4 (x y)
(1 3) (2 2) (3 1)
3x+y=10 (x y)
(1 7) (2 4) (3 1)
x 3 y 1

105
 p.48

01 2
2
2

3x-yÛ`=6 y=-3x+5 y+xy=6

y=3x+y-2 ; !; ; !;=1 2
1

y 2 xy x 1
y 1
xy x y 2
x y 2
3x-2=0 1
x y
2

1 2 2

xy=1 y-x=5 3x-yÛ`=0

x+y=0 3(x-y)-x+3y=2

2x-2=0 1
2 2

02 2
x y
2

500 x 700 y
4300

500 x 500x 700 y

700y 500x+700y 4300

2 2

2 x 3 y 19 2x+3y 19

x y 42 2x+4y 42

1 2000 x 1 2500 y
6500 2000x+2500y 6500

106 III.
03 2
x=1 2 3 y y
x y 2x+3y=16 (x y)
(x y)

2x+3y=16 x=1 2 3 y y
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 y

y :Á3¢: 4 :Á3¼: ;3*; 2 ;3$; ;3@; 0 y

x y 2x+3y=16 (2, 4), (5, 2)

3
3x-y=13
(-1 -16) (1 -10) ✔ (3 -3)
(4 -1) (5 2)
x y 3x+2y=20 (x y) (2 7) (4 4) (6 1)

04

2x+ay=4 (-1 3) a
x+3y=-6 (k k+2) k

x=-1 y=3 2x+ay=4 -2+3a=4 a=2

x=k y=k+2 x+3y=-6 k+3(k+2)=-6
4k=-12 k=-3

4
6x-y=a (1 7) a -1

x-2y=5 (k-1 ``2k) k -2

x=1 y=7 6x-y=a 6-7=a a=-1
x=k-1 y=2k x-2y=5 k-1-4k=5 -3k=6 k=-2

107
 p.49

05
x+y=7 y x y 2
x y [
x+3y=11 y
x y
(x y)
x y
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 x 2 5 8
y 6 5 4 3 2 1 y 3 2 1

x 5 y 2

5 x y

x+y=5 y x-y=2 y
[ x 2 y 3 [ x 3 y 1
2x+y=7 y 3x+y=10 y
x y
x 1 2 3 4 x 1 2 3
y 4 3 2 1 y 5 3 1
x=2 y=3
x y
x 3 4 5 y x 1 2 3
y 1 2 3 y y 7 4 1
x=3 y=1

06
x y
ax+y=1
[ (1 3) a-b ( )
5x+by=2 x= y=
a b

x=1 y=3 ax+y=1 a+3=1 a=-2

x=1 y=3 5x+by=2 5+3b=2 b=-1
a-b=-2-(-1)=-1

x+ay=1
6 [
2x-y=b
(-1 2) a+b -3

a b
x=-1 y=2 x+ay=1 -1+2a=1 a=1
x=-1 y=2 2x-y=b -2-2=b b=-4
a+b=1+(-4)=-3

108 III.
 p.49

01 2

5-x=2 x-1=7x-1 x+xy-1=0

xÛ`-3=y ✔ 2x+1=3y
1
xy x y 2
x 2

02 3x-10=y 2 2

(-2 1) ✔ (-1 -13) (1 6) x y (x y)

✔ (2 -4) (4 -1)
3x-10=y
(-1 -13) 3_(-1)-10=-13
(2 -4) 3_2-10=-4

03 x y 2x+3y=13 (x y)
2
(2 3) (5 1) 2

04 (a 2) (2 2b) 2x-y=3 a+b

3
x=a y=2 2x-y=3 2a-2=3 a=;2%;

x=2 y=2b 2x-y=3 4-2b=3 b=;2!; a+b=;2%;+;2!;=3

05 2 x+y 5
2x+3y 11

2 x 3 y
5 11

06 (3 -6) 2

x+y=9 x+y=-3 3x+y=-3 x y (x y)

[ [ [
2x+3y=-12 2x-y=6 x-2y=5
2x-y=12 3x-2y=-15
✔ [ [
3x+4y=-15 4x+y=6
2_3-(-6)=12
[
3_3+4_(-6)=-15

4x+3y=6a
07 [
3x-7y=2
x 3 a
x= y=

;2; x= y=

x=3 3x-7y=2 9-7y=2 y=1

x=3 y=1 4x+3y=6a 12+3=6a a=;2%;

109
 02
1

x=(y y=(x

x=(y y=(x

x=(y ) y=(x )

x=2y+3 y
[
2x+3y=-1 y
2(2y+3)+3y=-1 7y=-7 y=-1
y=-1 x=2_(-1)+3=1
x=1 ``y=-1

x-2y=-4 y X α

πI
[
2x+9y=5 y

x _2- =.
*

D
2x-4y=-8 2x 59 15
-
y
- 2x+9y=5
3y
=-
13
- y=1
-

x 2
- =

-13y=-13
x =
-

α 4
y=1 x-2_1=-4 x=-2
x=-2 y=1

110 III.
3

3x-2(x-y)=2 3x-2x+2y=2 x+2y=2

[ 1111Ú [ 141111Ú [
6(x-y)-3x=-5 6x-6y-3x=-5 3x-6y=-5

( ;3{; ;2; 1 111111111Ú 2x+3y=6

¥ 6
{ à
¥ 3x+4y=10
9 ;4{; ;3; ;6%; 111111111Ú
12

10
0.2x-0.1y=0.4 10 2x-y=4
[ 13311111Ú [
2.1x-1.3y=9.2 21x-13y=92
A
A= =

A= A= A=
[ [ [
A= = =
2x+3y=3x-2y=3
2x+3y=3x-2y 2x+3y=3x-2y 2x+3y=3
[ [ [
2x+3y=3 3x-2y=3 3x-2y=3

4
x y

0_x=0 0_y=0
2x+3y=2 y
[
4x+6y=4 y

x _2
4x+6y=4 y
- 0_x=0 0_y=0

111
 x y

0_x=k 0_y=k k 0
3x-5y=-4 y
[
6x-10y=3 y

x _2
6x-10y=-8 y`
x y
- 0_x=11 0_y=11
ax+by=c
[
a x+b y=c
a b c
= =
a b c
x y
a b c
= x y
a b c
x y

ax+by=c
[ x= y= x= y=
a x+b y=c

ax+by=6 y
[ x=2 y=-1 a b
bx-ay=-2 y

x=2 y=-1
2a-b=6 y
[
2b+a=-2 y
- _2 -5b=10 b=-2
b=-2 2a+2=6 a=2

112 III.
 p.50

y=2x-1 y
01 [
x+2y=8 y x= y
y= x

x+2( 2x-1 )=8

5x= 10 x= 2

x= 2

y=2_ 2 -1= 3

3x-2y=5 y
02 [
2x-y=-3 y

y - _ 2

3x-2y=-5
- 4 x-2y=-6
-x = 11 x= -11
x= -11
2_( -11 )-y=-3 y= -19

03 x y
2x+3y=4 y
[
6x+9y=12 y
x _3
6x+9y 12 y

x-y=5 y
[
4x-4y=7 y
x _4
4x-4y 20 y
x y

113
 p.51

01
x= y
y= x
y=3-x y x=2y-4 y
[ [
3x-2y=-1 y 2x-y=4 y

3x-2(3-x)=-1 2(2y-4)-y=4
3x-6+2x=-1 5x=5 x=1 4y-8-y=4 3y=12 y=4
x=1 y=4
y=3-1=2 x 1 y 2 x=8-4=4 x 4 y 4

1
x+2y=5 y 2x=3y-4 y
[ x 3 y 1 [ x -11 y -6
y=-2x+7 y 2x-5y=8 y

x+2(-2x+7)=5 x=3 (3y-4)-5y=8 y=-6

x=3 y=-6
y=-6+7=1 2x=-18-4 x=-11

02
x y

4x+2y=9 y 3x-2y=-17 y
[ [
x-2y=1 y 2x-3y=-18 y

y + x _2- _3
` 4x+2y= 9 6x-4y=-34
+` ` x-2y= 1 -` `6x-9y=-54
5x =10 x=2 ` 5y= 20 y=4
x=2 y=4
2-2y=1 y=;2!; 3x-8=-17 x=-3
x -3 y 4
x 2 y ;2!;

2
2x+3y=4 y 5x+4y=7 y
[ x -4 y 4 [ x 3 y -2
3x+2y=-4 y 3x-2y=13 y
y _2- _3 y + _2
-5x=20 x=-4 11x=33 x=3
x=-4 x=3
-8+3y=4 y=4 9-2y=13 y=-2

114 III.
03
3(x-y)+4y=11 y
[
2x-3(x-2y)=9 y -(A+ )=-A-
A( + )=A +A

3x+y=11 y
[
-x+6y=9 y
x + _3 19y=38 y=2
y=2 3x+2=11 x=3
x 3 y 2

4(x+y)-3y=-7 y
3 [ x -1 y -3
3x-2(x+y)=5 y
4x+y=-7 y
[
x-2y=5 y
y _2+ 9x=-9 x=-1
x=-1 -4+y=-7 y=-3

04

( ;1Á0;x+;5@;y=2 y 0.1x-0.2y=0 y
{ [
0.03x+0.04y=0.6 y
9 -;4!;x+;6%;y=;2!; y 10

_10 _12 _10 _100

x+4y=20 y x-2y=0 y
[ [
-3x+10y=6 y 3x+4y=60 y
x _3+ x _3-
22y=66 y=3 -10y=-60 y=6
y=3 y=6
x+12=20 x=8 x-12=0 x=12
x 8 y 3 x 12 y 6

4
y-1
( x+
5
=7 y ( 0.3x+0.4y=2.2 y
x 4 y ;2;
{ x 5 y 11 {
y+1 9 ;4#;x-;5@;y=2
y
9 x- 4 =2 y
_5 _4 _10 _20
5x+(y-1)=35 5x+y=36 y 3x+4y=22 y
[ [ [
4x-(y+1)=8 4x-y=9 y 15x-8y=40 y
y + y _2+
9x=45 x=5 21x=84 x=4
x=5 x=4
25+y=36 y=11
12+4y=22 y=;2%;

115
 05 A
A= =
2x+y=4x+5y+2=x-3y-7
A= A= A=
[ [ [
A= = =

2x+y=4x+5y+2 x+2y=-1 y
[ [
2x+y=x-3y-7 x+4y=-7 y
x - -2y=6 y=-3
y=-3 x-6=-1 x=5
x 5 y -3

5
x+y-2=4x+2y+1=3x+y+2 x -2 y 3

x+2y 3x+y
= =5 x 5 y 5
3 4
x+y-2=4x+2y+1 3x+y=-3 y ( x+2y =5 y
[ [ 3
4x+2y+1=3x+y+2 x+y=1 y {
- 2x=-4 x=-2 9
3x+y
=5 y
x=-2 -2+y=1 y=3 4
x+2y=15 y
_3 _4 [
3x+y=20 y
- _2 -5x=-25 x=5
x=5 15+y=20 y=5

06
ax+by=7 x= y=
[ x=5 y=-1 a b
bx+ay=13 x= y=

x=5 y=-1
5a-b=7 y
[
5b-a=13 y
_5+ 24a=48 a 2
a=2 10-b=7 b 3

ax-y=10
6 [
4x+ay=b
x=4 y=2 a+b 25

a b
4a-2=10 y
x=4 y=2 [
16+2a=b y
4a=12 a=3
a=3 16+6=b b=22
a+b=3+22=25

116 III.
 p.52

07
x y
2x+y=5
[ 3x+5y=-3 a
x-2y=a-5

2x+y=5 y
[
3x+5y=-3 y
_5- 7x=28 x=4
x=4 8+y=5 y=-3
x=4 y=-3 x-2y=a-5
4+6=a-5 a=15

5x-y=8
7 [
x+3y=4-2a
x y 4

a -10
x y 4 x=y-4
5x-y=8 y
[
x=y-4 y
5(y-4)-y=8 y=7 y=7 x=7-4=3
x=3 y=7 x+3y=4-2a 3+21=4-2a a=-10

08
x+2y=-8 3x+y=-9
[ [ a+b
ax+by=1 ax-by=7
x y
a b

x+2y=-8 y
[
3x+y=-9 y
- _2 -5x=10 x=-2
x=-2 -2+2y=-8 y=-3
x=-2 y=-3 ax+by=1 ax-by=7
-2a-3b=1 y -2a+3b=7 y
+ -4a=8 a=-2
a=-2 4-3b=1 b=1
a+b=-2+1=-1

2x-y=7 3ax-5by=9
8 [ [
ax-2by=2 -3x+y=-11
a b a 2 b 3
2x-y=7 y
[
-3x+y=-11 y
+ -x=-4 x=4
x=4 8-y=7 y=1
x=4 y=1 ax-2by=2 3ax-5by=9
4a-2b=2 y 12a-5b=9 y
_3- -b=-3 b=3 117
b=3 4a-6=2 a=2
 p.52

09
ax+y=3 y`
[ a b x y
6x+by=6 y`

ax+by=c
[
_2 2ax+2y=6 y a x+b y=c

6=2a b=2 a 3 b 2 a b c
= =
a b c
ax+y=3
[ ;6A;=;b!;=;6#;
6x+by=6

;6A;=;6#; a=3 ;b!;=;6#; 3b=6 b=2

9
3x+y=2 y=2-4(x-1) ( 0.2x+y=0.5
[ [ {
3x-y=4+2y 2x+3y=7 9 4x-y=;2!;

2x+8y=4 y x=y
✔ [ [
x+4y=2 y 2x-y=1
x _2 2x+8y=4 y

10
ax+3y=4 y`
[ a x y
-3x+4y=1 y`

y
ax+by=c
_4 4ax+12y=16 y [
a x+b y=c
_3 -9x+12y=3 y
x y a b c
=
a b c
4a=-9 a=-;4;
ax+3y=4 a
[ -3 =;4#; ;1$;
-3x+4y=1

a
=;4#; 4a=-9 a=-;4(;
-3

10
2x+3y=1 x-2y=3 2x+8y=4
[ [ [
4x+6y=2 3x-6y=9 x+4y=2
2x+3y=7 3x-2y=1 y
[ ✔ [
5x+6y=10 6x-4y=3 y
x _2 6x-4y=2 y
x y

118 III.
 p.53

01
3x+2y=15 4x-3y=5
[ x -1 y 9 [ x 2 y 1
y=-7x+2 3x-2y=4

2y=7x-4 5x+4y=3
[ x 2 y 5 [ x 3 y -3
4y=5x+10 3x-5y=24

x=6y-7 5x+6y=-9
[ x -1 y 1 [ x -3 y 1
2x-3y=-5 -3x+4y=13

02
4(x-2)-3(y+5)=-40 ( x+4 = y+1
[ x -11 y -9 { 3 2 x -1 y 1
2(x-3y)+10=13-(x+2y) 9 3x+4=2(y-x)-3

0.4x-0.5y=-0.3 ( 0.4(x+2y)-0.6y=0.28
[ x -2 y -1 { x -;5; y 3
0.03x-0.04y=-0.02 9 ;6%;(x-2)+3(y-2)=;3@;

03
2x+y=x+2y=6 x 2 y 2

x-1 x-y+5 2x+y-6

= = x 7 y 0
3 6 4

04
2x-y=5 6x-4y=-2
[ [
8x-4y=20 -3x+2y=1

x-2y=-1 8x-10y=4
[ [
2x-4y=1 4x-5y=-2

119
 x=2y-1 y
01 [
x+3y=9 y
x=a y=b ab 6

(2y-1)+3y=9 5y=10 y=2

y=2 x=4-1=3
a=3 b=2 ab=3_2=6

2x-5y=-14 y
02 [
5x-6y=-9 y
x

_5+ _2 ✔ _5- _2 _5+ _6

_5- _6 _6+ _5

(x+1) (x+2y)=2 3
03
y
[ x 5 y 2
-2x+3y=-4 y
2(x+2y)=3(x+1) x-4y=-3 y
a b=c
+ _2 -5y=-10 y=2
y=2 x-8=-3 x=5 a =bc

04
3(2x-3y)=3x-2y 1-x y+1
y = -1 y
[ à 3 4 x 1 y 3
0.6x-y=1.2 y
x 7 y 3 0.4x-0.3y=-0.5 y
3x-7y=0 y _12 _10
_10 3x-5y=6 y 4x+3y=13 y
[
- -2y=-6 y=3 4x-3y=-5 y
y=3 3x-21=0 x=7 + 8x=8 x=1
x=1 4+3y=13 y=3

0.2x-0.3y=-0.1 y

05 à
x-
1-y x+5
= y
3x-ay=11
2 3
a -3
2x-3y=-1
_10 _6 [ x=2 y=;3%;
4x+3y=13

x=2 y=;3%; 3x-ay=11 6-;3%;a=11 a=-3

ax+by=1`
06
y
[ (3 -4) a-b 1
2bx-ay=24 y

a b
x=3 y=-4
3a-4b=1
[ a=3 b=2 a-b=3-2=1
4a+6b=24

120 III.
 p.55

07 -2ax+by=ax+by+9=-3x+2y+9 x=-1 y=3

a+b a b 7
-2ax+by=-3x+2y+9 y
[
ax+by+9=-3x+2y+9 y
x=-1 y=3
2a+3b=18 y
[ a=3 b=4 a+b=3+4=7
-a+3b=9 y
3x+y=10`
08 [
x+3y=a+15
y x 2 y
y=2x
x 2

a -1
y x 2 y=2x
3x+y=10
[ x=2 y=4
y=2x
x=2 y=4 x+3y=a+15 2+12=a+15 a=-1

x+y=5` x+by=7`
09 [ [
3x+y=a 2x-y=4
a b a b

a 11 b 2

x+y=5
[ x=3 y=2
2x-y=4
x=3 y=2 3x+y=a x+by=7
9+2=a 3+2b=7 a=11 b=2
x+2y=4
10 [
2x+3y=7
2x+3y=7 7

x=-2 7 5
7 a 2x+3y=a y
x=-2 x+2y=4 -2+2y=4 y=3
x=-2 y=3 -4+9=a a=5
7 5

2x+3y=b y
11 [
6x+ay=3 y
a-b 8
x y

a b
x _3 6x+9y=3b y

a=9 3=3b a=9 b=1 a-b=9-1=8

ax-2y=1 y
12 [
2x-4y=3 y
a 1
x y
y _2 2ax-4y=2 y
x y 2=2a a=1

ax-2y=4 y
13 [
9x-6y=b y

a=-3 b -12 a=3 b=-12 a=3 b=9

a=3 b=12 ✔ a=3 b 12
y _3 3ax-6y=12 y
x y
9=3a b 12 a=3 b 12

121
 03
1
x y
x y
x y
x y

2
x y
10x+y
10y+x

a (x-a)
x [
b (x+b)

= _ = =

= _100 %

= _
100

a a
x a`% x {1+ }x
100 100
b b
y b`% y {1- }y
100 100
x 3`% 0.03x (1+0.03)x

1
(1 1

122 III.
 p.57

01 A 6`km B 4`km = _

8`km 1 =

x`km y`km
=

(km) x y 6
(km h) 4 8
( ) ;4{; ;8}; 1

+ =6(km)
[
+ =1
x+y 6
[
;4{;+; }; 1

x= 2 y= 4

2 `km 4 `km

02 12`% 9`% 10`% 450`g

12`% x`g 9`% y`g = _100 %

= _

(%) 12 9 10
(g) x y 450
(g) ;1Á0ª0;x ;10(0;y 45

(12`% +(9`% =(10`%

[
(12`% +(9`% =(10`%
x+y 450
[
; Á ª ;x+; ;y 45

x= 150 y= 300
12`% 150 g 9`% 300 g
= _
100

(12`% =;1Á0ª0;x(g) (9`% =;10(0;y(g)

(10`% =;1Á00¼ ;_450=45(g)

123
 p.58

01
x
4 y
27 10x+y

x y
4
10x+y=4(x+y) 2x-y=0 y
27
10y+x=(10x+y)+27 x-y=-3 y
x=3 y=6
36

1 11
3 5
29
x y
x+y=11 y
[
10y+x=3(10x+y)+5 y
x=2 y=9
29

02
x
26 10 a (x-a)
3 2 b (x+b)

x y
26 x-y=26 y
10 3 2
x+10=3(y+10)-2 x-3y=18 y
x=30 y=4
30 4

2 32 8
2 14 8
50
x y
x=y+32 y
[
x+8=2(y+8)+14 y
x=42 y=10
8 42+8=50

124 III.
03
A +B
800 600 =
120 83200 A
+B
=

x y
120 x+y=120 y
83200 800x+600y=83200 y
x=56 y=64
56 64

3 1000 5000 12 28000

1000 5000
1000 x 5000 y 1000 8 5000 4
x+y=12 y
[
1000x+5000y=28000 y
x=8 y=4
1000 8 5000 4

04
20`cm =2_
72`cm +

x`cm y`cm
20`cm
y=x+20 y
72`cm
2(x+y)=72 x+y=36 y
x=8 y=28
8`cm 28`cm
8_28=224(cmÛ`)

4 20`cm 2 3
2.4
6`cm 4`cm
x`cm y`cm
2(x+y)=20 y
[
2(2x+3y)=20_2.4 y
x=6 y=4
6`cm 4`cm

125
 05
=
3`km 4`km
5`km 4
= +4(km)

x`km y`km =4

4`km
y=x+4 y
+ =4
;3{;+;5;=4 y
x=6 y=10
6`km 10`km

5 11`km 4`km 6`km

2 30
8`km 3`km
x+y=11 y
x`km y`km à
;4{;+;6;=;2%; y

x=8 y=3
8`km 3`km

06
A B
20 40`m
120`m A
=B
+A
A
x y =B
20
= +20 x=y+20 y
40x`m 120y`m

40x=120y x=3y y
x=30 y=10
30

6 20`km 3`km 5`km

7.5`km
x`km y`km
x+y=20 y
à
;3{;=;5; y

x=7.5 y=12.5
7.5`km

126 III.
 p.59

07
5`% 10`% 7`% 450`g
=
5`% 10`% g 100
_

5`% x`g 10`% y`g

x+y=450 y
5`% x`g ;10%0;x`g`

10`% y`g ;1Á0¼0;y`g`

7`% 450`g {;10&0;_450} g

;10%0;x+;1Á0¼0;y=;10&0;_450 y
x=270 y=180
5`% 270`g, 10`% 180`g

7 8`% 5`% 6`% 600`g

8`% 5`% g
8` 200`g 5` 400`g
x+y=600 y
8`% x`g 5`% y`g à
x=200 y=400 ;10*0;x+;10%0;y=;10^0;_600 y
8`% 200`g 5`% 400`g

08
A B A 100`g B
200`g 6`% A 200`g B 100`g
8`% A B

A x`% B y`%
A 100`g B 200`g
`; { ;_100+; ;_200=;10^0;_300 y
A 200`g B 100`g
`;10{0;_200+;100;_100=;10*0;_300 y
x=10 y=4
A 10`%, B 4`%

8 A B A 200`g
B 300`g 8`% A 300`g B
200`g 10`% A B
A 14` B 4`

( ;10{0;_200+;100;_300=;10*0;_500 y
A x`% B y`% {
9 ;10{0;_300+;100;_200=;1Á0¼0;_500 y

x=14 y=4
A 14`% B 4`% 127
 p.59

09
x a`%
8`%
;10A0;x
5`% 26 936

{1+;10A0;}x
y b`%
x y
;10B0;y
936-26=910
x+y=910 y
{1-;10B0;}y
- =26
;10*0;x-;10%0;y=26 y
x=550 y=360
{1+;10*0;}_550=594

{1-;10%0;}_360=342

9 1050
4`% 2`% 1059
520 539
x y {1+;10$0;}_500=520
x+y=1050
à x=500 y=550 {1-;10@0;}_550=539
;10$0;x-;10@0;y=9

10
1
8 4
10
x y

1 x y
8
8x+8y=1 y
4 10
4x+10y=1 y
x=;2Á4; y=;1Á2;

1
12
12

10 A B 6 A 5 B
8 B
18
6x+6y=1 y
1 A B x y [
5x+8y=1 y
x=; !; y=;1Á ;

B ;1Á ; B 18
128 III.
 p.60

01 9
3 9
27
x+y=9 y
x y [
10y+x=3(10x+y)-9 y
x=2 y=7
27

02 25 86
7 18
x+y=25 y
x y [
2x+4y=86 y
x=7 y=18
7 18

03 2.5`km 4`km =

7`km 30
;3;`km ; &;`km
x+y=2.5 y
x`km y`km à
;4{;+;7;=;2!; y

x=;3$; y=;6&; ;3$;`km ;6&;`km

04 24
50`m 200`m
32
x=y+24 y
x y [
50x=200y y
x=32 y=8
32

05 120`km 5
x`km y`km
3 20
x`km y`km
5(x-y)=120 y 30`km
(x-y)`km
à
:Á3¼:(x+y)=120 y
x=30 y=6 (x+y)`km
30`km

06 6`% 9`% 7`% 300`g

6`% g 200`g
x+y=300 y
6`% x`g 9`% yg à
;10^0;x+;10(0;y=;10&0;_300 y
x=200 y=100 6`% 200`g

07 A B 350
-
2
A
A 7`% B 8`% + B
2 A B =-2
A 186 B 162
x+y=350 y
A B x y à
-;10&0;x+;10*0;y=-2 y
x=200 y=150

A {1-;10&0;}_200=186 B {1+;10*0;}_150=162

129
 p.61

x=2y-3 y
1 05 [
4(x-y)-2y=6 y

01 2
a
x ay=18
2
-2 ✔ 2 4
xy+8x-6=0 ; ;+; ;=10
6 10
✔ 4x=3y+2 2xÛ`-3xy=-xyÜ
4(2y-3-y)-2y=6 4y-12-2y=6
✔ 1.2x+3.4y=0 2y=18 a=2
xy x y 2
x y
2

02 ax+2y-3=3x-y+2 x y
06 [
2x+3y=8 y
y
a 5x-2y=1 y

-3 -2 0 _3+ _2 ✔ _2+ _3
2 ✔ 3 _5- _2 _3- _2
ax+2y-3=3x-y+2 (a-3)x+3y-5=0
x y a-3 0 a 3
_2- _3

03 x y 3x+2y=27
(x y)

2 3 ✔ 4
5 07
(x y)
(1 12) (3 9) (5 6) (7 3) 4
x+2y=9 x-y=3
[ [
2x-3y=4 3x-y=13
x+y=6 3x+y=17
( ;4!;x=;5@;y+4 y ✔ [ [
3x-y=2 2x-y=8
04 {
[
x-2y=1
9 ay+;4!;x=-20 y
3x+y=17
(-48 b) a b x=5 y=2
x=2 y=4
a ;5!; b -40 a
x=-48 y=b

-12=;5@;b+4 b=-40

x=-48 y=-40

-40a-12=-20 a=;5!;

130 III.
 0.01x+0.02y=0.05 y ( 3x+1
08 [
0.5x-0.3y=1.2 y
11 { 2
=x-2y
9 (2x-1) (3y+4)=5 1
x=-1 y=2 x=1 y=-2 -6x+2ay=-7
x=1 y=3 ✔ x=3 y=1 a
x=3 y=2
_100 _10
-;2%; -;2&; -4
x+2y=5 y
[
5x-3y=12 y
_5- 13y=13 y=1 -5 ✔ -:Á2Á:
y=1 x+2=5 x=3
3x+1=2(x-2y) x+4y=-1 y
[ [
2x-1=5(3y+4) 2x-15y=21 y
_2- 23y=-23 y=-1
y=-1 x-4=-1 x=3
x=3 y=-1 -6x+2ay=-7

-18-2a=-7 a=-:Á2Á:

( x+1 + y-1 =1y

09 { 2 3
x+2 y+2
9 5 - 4 =1 y
x=a
12
x-y=1 x-y=1
y=b a+b [ [
3x-3y=-3 2x+2y=2
-5 -1 ✔ 1 x+3y=1 3x-y=-3
✔ [ [
2 5 2x+6y=2 3x-2y=-6
_6 3x+2y=5 y
_20 4x-5y=22 y
x-2y=7
[
_5+ _2 23x=69 x=3 2x-4y=13
x=3 9+2y=5 y=-2 x+3y=1 y
a=3 b=-2 a+b=3+(-2)=1 [
2x+6y=2 y
_2 2x+6y=2 y

10
( 0.6x+0.2(y-1)=3.8 y
{ x-1 y-3 13
9 3 - 2 =;3!; y
2x+y=3 5x-2y=1
[ ✔ [
(a b) a-b 4x+2y=6 10x-4y=3
2x+y=5 2x-y=-1
-2 ✔ 0 3 [ [
x-2y=10 x+y=7
5 10
_10 _6 x-2y=5
3x+y=20 y [
[ 2x+y=-10
2x-3y=-5 y
5x-2y=1 y
_3+ 11x=55 x=5 [
10x-4y=3 y
x=5 15+y=20 y=5
_2 10x-4y=2 y
a=5 b=5 a-b=5-5=0
x y

131
14 18 8`% 5`% 7`%
7 4 2 300`g 8`%
15 2 g

150`g 180`g ✔ 200`g

50 51 ✔ 52 240`g 250`g
8`% x`g 5`% y`g
53 54
x+y=300 y
x y à
y=7x+4 y ;10*0;x+;10%0;y=;10&0;_300 y
[
2y=15x+2 y x=200 y=100
x=6 y=46 8`% 200`g
6+46=52

15 2
1

27 47
2
x y

[
2x=y+1
10y+x=(10x+y)+27
y
y
19 (8 b) (-2 -2) (c -1)
x=4 y=7 x-ay+6=0 a+b+c
47
a

✔ -13 -1 1
7 13
16 2 x=-2 y=-2 x-ay+6=0
15 3 -2+2a+6=0 a=-2
x+2y+6=0 y
5 x=8 y=b 8+2b+6=0 b=-7
x=c y=-1 c-2+6=0 c=-4
50
a+b+c=-2+(-7)+(-4)=-13
x y
x=2y y
[
x-15=3(y-15)+5 y
x=50 y=25
50

0.3x-1.5y=0.7
20 [
0.1x+0.4y=1.2
x y

17 A B x-6y
A 3`km B
-2 -1 0
4`km 3 10
✔ 1 2
A B 11`km ( ; ;# x-:Á ¢:y=; &;
3x-14y=7 y
A 5`km { [
x+4y=11 y
9 ; ;! x+; $;y=:Á Á:
A x`km B y`km
( x+y=11 y - _3 -26y=-26 y=1
{ y=1 x+4=11 x=7
9 ;3{;+;4;=:Á6: y
x-6y=7-6=1
x=5 y=6
A 5`km

132 III.
 p.63

21 [
2x-y=a y
x y 25 96`km
4x-3y=a-8 y 2 3
10 a -1
- 2x-2y=-8
x-y=-4 y
40`km 8`km
x y 10
x`km y`km
x+y=10 y
2(x+y)=96 y
x=3 y=7 [
3(x-y)=96 y
x=3 y=7 6-7=a a=-1
x=40 y=8
40`km 8`km

22
[
y=x+4 y bx+3y=4 y
[
2x+ay=12 4x-7y=-4 y
26 1200
y 6`% 8`%
a b 5
a -7 b -2
611 594
x y
x=-8 y=-4 ( x+y=1200 y
{
x=-8 y=-4 9 -;10^0;x+;10*0;y=5 y
x=650 y=550
-16-4a=12 a=-7
-8b-12=4 b=-2 ={1-;10^0;}_650=611

={1+;10*0;}_550=594

23 [
2x+y=3
x-y=5
x-y=5 27 A B 40000 A
30`% B 20`%
5 y=-3 9000
5 6 A 10000
5 a x-y=a y A x B y
y=-3 2x+y=3 2x-3=3 x=3 ( x+y=40000 y
x=3 y=-3 3-(-3)=a a=6 {
9 ;1£ 0 0
¼ ;x+;1ª 0 0
¼ ;y=9000 y

x=10000 y=30000
A 10000

24 [
2(x+y)-y=a
4(x-1)=2(1-y)
28
12 4
a

-3 -1 0 8
6
1 ✔ 3
2(x+y)-y=a 2x+y=a y 1 x y
[ [
4(x-1)=2(1-y) 4x+2y=6 y
_2 4x+2y=2a y ( x+y=8 y
{
x y
9 ;1Á2;x+;4!;y=1 y

2a 6 a 3 x=6 y=2
6

133
 1 p.65

( (x+3)` `(2x+y)=3` `5 ( x-1 - y+1 =;2!; y

{ 1-1 { 2 3
9 ;2!;x-;3!;y=;6!; 9 0.2x-0.3(x-y)=-0.5 y
8x-3y=a a ax-2y=-10 a

( (x+3)` `(2x+y)=3` `5 y
{
9 ;2!;x-;3!;y=;6!; y _6 3x-2y=8 y
_10 x-3y=5 y
5(x+3)=3(2x+y) - _3 7y=-7 y=-1
y=-1 x+3=5 x=2
x+3y=15 y
_6 3x-2y=1 y
_3- 11y=44 y=4
a
y=4 x+12=15 x=3
x=2 y=-1 ax-2y=-10
a 2a+2=-10 a=-6

x=3 y=4 8x-3y=a

24-12=a a=12

12 -6

2
20`km 2-1 A B
10 12`km 40`km 4
2 30`km 3
A B

x`km y A B x`km y
( ;4Ó0;=y-;6¢0; y
( ;2Ó0;=y-;6!0; y {
{ 9 ;3Ó0;=y+;6£0; y

9 ;1Ó2;=y+;6ª0; y
x=14 y=;12;

x=6 y=;15;

A B 14`km
6`km
;12;_60=25
7
_60=28
15

6`km 28 14`km 25

134 III.
 3 3x+y+2=-x+y-2=4x+2y+1 ax+by=2
5 [
cx-7y=8
x=a y=b b-a
x=3 y=-2 c
x=-2 y=2 a+b+c
3x+y+2=-x+y-2 4x=-4 y
[ [ 2 a b c
-x+y-2=4x+2y+1 5x+y=-3 y
x=-1
x=-1 -5+y=-3 y=2 3
a=-1 b=2 x=3 y=-2
b-a=2-(-1)=3 2 3a-2b=2 y
[
3c+14=8 y
c=-2 3
c x=-2 y=2 ax+by=2
-2a+2b=2 y
+ a=4
a=4 12-2b=2 b=5 4
a+b+c=4+5+(-2)=7 1

3 7

ax-3y=12 6 3`% 200`g

4 [ x y
4x-y=6
8`% 4`% 160`g
1` `3 a

x y=1 3 y=3x y 2
4x-y=6 4x-3x=6 x=6
x=6 y=18 3 x`g y`g
x=6 y=18 ax-3y=12 ( 200-x+y=160 y
6a-54=12 a=11 2 {
9 ;10#0;_(200-x)+;10*0;y=;10$0;_160 y 4
-x+y=-40 y
_100 -3x+8y=40 y
- _3 5y=160 y=32
y=32
-x+32=-40 x=72 3
72`g 32`g 1

11 72`g 32`g

135
 01
a<b a+c` `b+c a-c` `b-c a<b c>0 ac` `bc `; A;` `; B;

a<b c<0 ac` `bc `; A;` `; B;

02

x
ax>b ax<b ax b ax b (a 0)
x a

03
2 2
x y 2 x y
(x y)

04

ax+by=c
[
a x+b y=c
a b c
=
a b c
a b c
= x y
a b c

01 < < < < > > 02

03 2 04 =

136 III.
 IV

1
2
 01
1
x y x y
y x y= (x)
c
x y 2 y x
y=3x (x)=3x
x y

7`km x y`km
x y

x 1 2 3 4 5 y
y(km) 7 ⑧⑧⑧
14 21 28 35 y

x 1 2 3 y y 7 14 21 y
y x y=7x (x)=7x

y= x x=2 y=1 2 x y
y x

2
y= (x) x y (x) x

y= (x)
(a) x=a
x=a y
(x) x=a
(x)=6x-1 x -1 0 1 x (x)
x=-1 (-1)=6_(-1)-1=-7
x=0 (0)=6_0-1=-1
x=1 (1)=6_1-1=5

138 IV.
 p.67

01
300 x y

x 1 2 3 4
y( ) 00 600 00 1200

x y y 300x

y x
6 cm x cm
y cm

x cm 1 2 3 6
y(cm) 6 2 1

x y y ; ;

y x
x y

x 2 3 4 5
y 2 4 y 3 6 y 4 8 y 5 10 y

y x

x y 2

02 (x)=3x-1 ` (a) x=
x= y
(1)=3_ 1 -1= 2
(x) x=

(2) 5

(0) -1

1
{ } 0
3

(-1) -4

03 (x)=-2x+7
(0)=-2_0+7=7 (1)=-2_1+7=5
(0)+ (1) 12

(0)+ (1)=7+5=12

139
 p.67

01
y= (x)
1 60 m x y x
ym

x 1 2 3 4 y
x y y(m) y
y x

60 120 180 240 y 60x

x y y x

1 5`cm x`cm x cm 1 2 3 4 y
y`cm` y(cm ) 5 10 15 20 y
x y
y x y 5x

02
y x 2 x
y
x y
x cm y cm
x y
x 5 y
10` x y`

x=4 y y=1 2 4 x=3 y y=1 2

x y 2
y x

2 y x

60 km x y km
x y
2 x y

= _ y=60x x=1 y y=-1 1 y=2x

y x

140 IV.
03
(a)
(x) x=a

(x)=3x+6 (-1)+ (2)

(x)=; ; 2` (6)

(x)=2x+1 (a)=11 a

(-1)=3_(-1)+6=3 (2)=3_2+6=12
(-1)+ (2)=3+12=15
2` (6)=2_;6;=3
(a)=11 (a)=2a+1=11 2a=10 a=5

(x)=-;3@;x+4 (6) 0

(x)=-3x+2 (-3)+2` (1) 9

(x)=4x+7 (a)=-5 a -3

(6)=-;3@;_6+4=0
(-3)=-3_(-3)+2=11 (1)=-3_1+2=-1 (-3)+2` (1)=11+2_(-1)=9
(a)=-5 (a)=4a+7=-5 a=-3

04
` (a)=b
(x)=ax-3 (-2)=-9 a (x) x a
b
a (1)+ (2)+ (3)

(-2)=-9 (x)=ax-3 x=-2

(-2)=-2a-3=-9 -2a=-6 a=3
a=3 (x)=3x-3
(1)=3_1-3=0 (2)=3_2-3=3 (3)=3_3-3=6
(1)+ (2)+ (3)=0+3+6=9

4
a
(x)= (1)=-4 (-2)+ (4)
x
a 1

(x)=ax-2 (-2)=4 (b)=-7 ab

a -5
a
(1)=-4 (1)= =-4 a=-4
1
(x)=-; ; (-2)=2 (4)=-1 (-2)+ (4)=2+(-1)=1`
(-2)=4 (-2)=-2a-2=4 a=-3 (x)=-3x-2
(b)=-7 (b)=-3b-2=-7 b=;3%; ab=-3_;3%;=-5

141
 p.68

01 y x
x y
✔ x y 2
x`km 10`km y y=

x 3 y
500 x y y=500-x

10`cm x`cm y`cm` y=10x

x=2 y y=4 6 8 y x y
x 3 y 0 1 2

02 (x)=-4x+2 2` (3)-5` (-1) (a)

(x) x=a
-60 ✔ -50 -40 50 60
` (3)=-4_3+2=-10 ` (-1)=-4_(-1)+2=6
2` (3)-5` (-1)=2_(-10)-5_6=-50

03 (x)=3x-4

` (-2)=-10 ✔ ` (-1)=-1 ` (0)=-4

` (1)=-1 ` (2)=2
` (-1)=3_(-1)-4=-7

04 (x)=-
3
x
(2a)- (3a)=;6!; a -3

` (2a)- (3a)=;6!;
3 3 1
- -{- }=;6!; - =;6!; a=-3
2a 3a 2a

05 (x)=-ax+3 (1)=-4 (-2)+ (3) y= (x)

y= (x) x
(a)=b
a y b
a -1
(1)=-4 (1)=-a+3=-4 a=7
(x)=-7x+3 (-2)=-7_(-2)+3=17 (3)=-7_3+3=-18
(-2)+ (3)=17+(-18)=-1

06 (x)=2x+1 (x)=-
a
x
(3)=-5 (b)=a

a-2b ( a ) 1

(3)=-5 (3)= ;3A;=-5 a=15

` (b)=15 2b+1=15 b=7
a-2b=15-2_7=1

142 IV.
02
1
y= (x)
y=ax+b (a b a 0)
y x x
x y x y
y=ax+b (x)=ax+b

y=2x y=;3@;x-1 y=-x x

y=xÛ`+2 y=; %; y=-3 y=0 x

2 y ax+b(a 0)

y ax+b(a 0)
y=ax+b y=ax
y b
b>0 y b
b<0 y b

y=3x+2 y=2x-3
y y
y=3x y=3x+2 y=2x y=2x-3
2 -3
y y=3x+2 y y=2x
y=3x
y=2x-3
-3
x
x -3

-3

143
 p.68

01
y=-3x+xÛ` y=-;3@;x+1

y=3 y=;2#;x

02 y=2x y=ax+2
y
y=ax
2

y=2x+2 y=ax-2 y=ax

y 2
y=2x-2

03 y=-2x

y=-2x+3

y=-2x-3

04 y

y=5x -2 y 5x-2 y=-;3%;x ;2!; y -;3;x+;2!;

05 y=-3x y

y=-3x+5 5 y=-3x-;4!; -;4!;

144 IV.
 p.69

01
2 y=ax+b
(a b a 0)
y=-;3{;+2 y=x(x-1) y=3(1-x)

y=7 xy=5

y=xÛ`-x y=(x
x
y=; %; x

y=-3 y=5x y=; ; y=2(x-1)

x
y=; ; x

02
y x
y x
y=(x
x cm y cm``
300 km x km y
20 cm` x cm y cm
x y
x y

300
y=xÛ` = _ 300=xy y=
x
40
20=;2!;_x_y y= y=360
x
24 x+y=24 y=-x+24

2 y x

x cm y cm` y xÛ`

30` x` y y

20`% xg yg y ;5!;x

xy=30 y= y=;1ª0¼0;_x=;5!;x

145
 p.69

03
(a b)
1
y=- x+b (1 -2) ( 3)
3
x=a y=b
b

y=-;3!;x+b (1 -2) x=1 y=-2

-2=-;3!;_1+b b=-;3%;
1
y=- x-;3%; ( 3) x= y=3
3

3=-;3!; -;3%; =-14

3 y=-2x+6

(1 -4) (-1 4) (-3 0)

✔ (4 -2) (2 10)
x=4 y=-2
-2=-2_4+6

04
y=ax+b y
y=4x+b y 3 k
y=ax+2 a b a+b
y=ax+b+k

y=4x+b y 3
y=4x+b+3
4=a b+3=2 a=4 b=-1
a+b=4+(-1)=3

2
4 y= x+3
3
y -4

(a 7) a 12

y=;3@;x+3 y -4

y=;3@;x+3-4 y=;3@;x-1

(a 7) 7=;3@;a-1 a=12

146 IV.
 p.69

01 4

y=-x y=x+3 y=; !;

y=xÛ`-5x-1 y=2(3x-1) ;2{;-;3;=1

y=; !; x y=(x

y=6x-2 ;2{;-;3;=1 3x-2y=6 y=;2;x-3

4

02 y=ax-5 y=3x+1 (3 b) ( )

b-a a 5
x= y=
y=3x+1 (3 b) b=3_3+1=10
y=ax-5 (3 10) 10=3a-5 a=5
b-a=10-5=5

03 y=-4x y -6

(-2 4) ✔ (-1 -2) (1 10)

(2 -2) (3 6)
y=-4x y -6 y=-4x-6
x=-1 y=-2 -2=-4_(-1)-6

04 y=-3x-1 y=ax+b
y=cx+
a=c

y=3x+1 y=3(x-2) ✔ y=3(1-x)

y=;3!;x+2 y=-;3!;x+1
y=3(1-x)=-3x+3
y=-3x-1 y 4 y=-3x+3

05 y=ax+1 y
1
y= x-4 2a- 6
2
y=ax+1 y y=ax+1+ a
a=;2!; 1+ =-4 a=;2!; =-5

2a- =2_;2!;-(-5)=6

06 y=-2x+3 y b
(5 a) (-1 4) a-b -7
y=-2x+3+b (-1 4) 4=-2_(-1)+3+b b=-1
y=-2x+2 (5 a) a=-2_5+2=-8
a-b=-8-(-1)=-7

147
 03
1 x y

x x x
y=0 x
y y y
x=0 y

x (x 0) y
(0 y )
y ax+b(a 0) x y

x -; ; x {-;aB; 0}

y b y (0 b)
y=ax+b(a 0) x y
b b
0 y=0 0=ax+b x=- x -
a a
y x 0
x=0 y=a_0+b=b y b
y=-2x+4 x y
y=0 0=-2x+4 x=2 x 2
x=0 y=-2_0+4=4 y=4 y 4

2 x y

x y
x y
(x 0) (0 y

y=2x-1 x y
1
x y=0 0=2x-1 x=
2
y x=0 y=-1
1
y=2x-1 { 0} (0 -1)
2

148 IV.
3
y=ax+b x y
x a a y=ax+b

y=ax+b
(y
= =a
(x

y=ax+b a x 1
y
y=2x-2 2 x 1
y 2
(x y ) (x y )
(y ) y -y
= =
(x ) x -x
(-2 3) (4 6)
(y ) 6-3
= = =;2!;
(x ) 4-(-2)

4 y

y y (0 y

1
y= x-2 y
3
1
y= x-2 y -2 (0 -2)
3
1
(0 -2) x 3 y
3
1 (0+3 -2+1) (3 -1)
1
y= x-2 (0 -2) (3 -1)
3

149
 p.70

01 x y x
y

x -4 y 1 x -2 y -3

02 x y

x y
y=0 x=0
y=x-5 0=x-5 x= 5 y=0-5= -5
y=2x-4 0=2x-4 x= 2 y=0-4= -4
y=-3x-9 -3 -9

y=-;3@;x+1 ;2#; 1

03 y y=ax+b (a 0)

y=-8x-3 -8 y -3 y=;2#;x+11 ;2#; y 11

04 =
(
(
)
)
x 3 y
2
(y )
= = ;3@;
(x )

;2#; -2

05
(2 -3) (4 1) 2 (-5 2) (-2 -4) -2
1-(-3) -4-2 -6
= =;2$;=2 = = =-2
4-2 -2-(-5) 3

150 IV.
 p.71

01 x y
x
y=-3x-6 x y y=0
y
x=0
x y=0 0=-3x-6 x=-2
(x 0) (0 y )
y x=0 y=0-6=-6
(-2 0) (0 -6)

1 x y

y=2x+4 y=-;3@;x-2
x -2 x -3
y 4 y -2

02 x y

y=ax+b 2ab
a b

y=ax+b`(a 0)
y

y=ax+b y 3 b=3
y=ax+3 x 2 x=2 y=0
0=2a+3 a=-;2#; 2ab=2_{-;2#;}_3=-9

10
2 y=
3
x+b

b x b 5 x -;2#;
10
y= x+b y 5 b=5
3
10 10
y= x+5 y=0 0= x+5 x=-;2#;
3 3
10
y= x+5 x -;2#;
3

151
 03
x
y

x 3 x 4
y 4 y 5

=-;3; =;4;

-1 ;2!; 1
-4 2 2
= =-1 = =;2!; = =1
4 4 2

04
y=ax+b
y=ax+5 x 2 6 y 8
=a
y
=
a x

x -3 2 y

(y -8
= = =-2 a=-2
(x 6-2
(y
= =-2 (y =-2_5=-10
2-(-3)

4
5
y= x-1 x -2 2
4
y 5

a
y=- x+5 x 2 y 6
3
a 9
y
= =;4%; y =;4%;_4=5
2-(-2)
-6
= =-3 -;3A;=-3 a=9
2

152 IV.
 p.71

05
(x y ) (x y )
(-2 k) (3 4) 2 k

y
x
(-2 k) (3 4) 2 y -y
=
(y x -x
4-k
= = =2
(x 3-(-2)
4-k=10 k=-6

5 (-1 k) (3 2) -4
k 18
`y 2-k
= = =-4 2-k=-16 k=18
x 3-(-1)

06 y

y= x+b
y=;2;x+1 y
y
(0 b)
3
y= x+1 y 1 (0 1)
2
3 (0+ b+ )
(0 1) x 2 y
2
3 (0+2 1+3) (2 4)
3
y= x+1 (0 1)
2
(2 4)

6 y

y=;3@;x-1 y=-;4#;x+2
y y
;3@; -;4#;
y -1 y 2

x x

153
 p.72

07
x y
y=2x-4 (x 0) (0 y )

x y=0 0=2x-4 x=2

y x=0 y=0-4=-4
x 2 y -4 y=2x-4

7 y=-;2!;x+3

x y=0 0=-;2!;x+3 x=6

y x=0 y=0+3=3
x 6 y 3 y=-;2!;x+3

08 x y
x y
2
y=- x+6 x y
3

x y=0 0=-;3@;x+6 x=9

y x=0 y=0+6=6 1
= _ x _ y
2
(9 0) (0 6)

;2!;_9_6=27

3
8 y=x+6 y=- x+6
2
x
30
y=x+6 x -6 y 6
y=-;2#;x+6 x 4 y 6

154 IV. ;2!;_10_6=30

 p.72

01 x
x y=0
y=-4x+1 ✔ y=x-4 y=4x-1

y=2x-;2!; y=;2!;x-; !;
y=0 x
;4!; 4

02 x 2 y 4

y=2x-2 y=x-2 y=-;2!;x+2

✔ y=-2x+2 y=;2!;x+2
`y 4
= = =-2
`x -2

03 y=ax+b y (y
(x
)
)
y 8 x 2
a b 20 x
y
O 5
0-2
a= = =-;5@;
x 5-0
-8
=-;5@; x =20
x

04 2
y= x-3
3
y

y 2 5

y=;3@;x-3+ y 2 -3+ =2 =5

05 y=ax+2 (-2 4)
1
y= x+b
2
x
x
x b-a a b 0
x=-2 y=4 y=ax+2 4=-2a+2 a=-1 y=-x+2
1
y=-x+2 x 2 y= x+b x 2
2
1 1
x=2 y=0 y= x+b 0= _2+b b=-1 b-a=0
2 2

06 y=ax+2a x y 4
a a>0) 2
x -2 y 2a a>0 2a>0 y=ax+2a

;2!;_2_2a=4 a=2

155
 04
1 y ax+b(a 0)

y=ax+b a y b
a
a>0 x y

a<0 x y

y=ax+b a y
b y
b>0 y y

b<0 y y

a b y=ax+b(a 0)

a>0 b>0 a>0 b<0 a<0 b>0 a<0 b<0

1 2 3 1 3 4 1 2 4 2 3 4

2
y=ax+b y= x+
y
a= b
y
a= b=
y=2x+1 y=2x+3 y

156 IV.
 p.73

01 y=ax+b

y=2x-5 y=3x+1 y=-;2!;x+5

y
y=-5x+2 y=2x

x y

02 y=ax+b a b a>0

a<0

b>0
y
b<0
a>0 b>0 a<0 b>0 a<0 b<0 y

03 y= x+
y=ax+b

a` ` b
y=4x y=-;2!;x+4 y=3x-1 a= b` `

y=3x+5 y=-;2!;(x-8) y=4x-3

04 1
y=ax-2 y=- x+b
3

a b a -;3!; b -2

a b a -;3!; b -2

157
 p.74

01 y ax+b
y=ax+b`(a 0)
1
y= x+3 y
2

y
(2 4)
1 2 3
x 4 y 1

=;2!;>0
(y =3>0 y
1
x=2 y=4 y= x+3 4=;2!;_2+3
2
(2 4)
1 2 3
x 4 y 2

1
1 y=-3x-
2

x 3 y -;2!;
1
y=-3x y -;2!;

=-3<0
x y=0 0=-3x-;2!; x=-;6!;

y x=0 y=0-;2!;=-;2!;

2 y

y=;2!;x+5 y=-x+1 y=;4#;x-1

y=-;3$;x+2 ✔ y=;2%;x-6
;2!; < ;4#; < -1 < -;3$; < ;2%; y

158 IV.
02 y ax+b a b

y=-ax+b a y
b
y=ax+b`(a 0)

a>0

-a<0 a>0 a<0

y y b>0
y >0 b>0
y <0 b<0
3 y=-ax-b
a b a<0 b>0

-a>0 a<0
y y
-b<0 b>0

03
y

y=ax+5 y=-3x-3
(2 b) a+b a
y
y=3x+b y -3
y=ax-1 a+b a b

y=ax+5 y=-3x-3 a=-3

y=-3x+5 (2 b) b=-3_2+5=-1
a+b=-3+(-1)=-4
y=3x+b y -3 y=3x+b-3
y=3x+b-3 y=ax-1
3=a b-3=-1 a=3 b=2 a+b=3+2=5

4
y=ax-3 y=2x+1
(-1 b) a+b a -3

1
y=- x+5 y a
2
1
y=- x-2 a -7
2
y=ax-3 y=2x+1 a=2
y=2x-3 (-1 b) b=2_(-1)-3=-5 a+b=-3
1
y=- x+5+a
2
1 1
y=- x+5+a y=- x-2 5+a=-2 a=-7
2 2

159
 p.74

01 1
y=- x-2
4

x -8 y -2
x 8 y 2
✔ 1 2 3
(-12 1)
1
y=- x+5
4
`2 3 4

02 y=ax-b
b
y= x+a
a
( a b )

b b
a>0 b>0 y= x+a = >0 y =a>0
a a

03 y=ax+1
(b 9) b-a 2

a
y=ax+1 (-3 0) (0 6) a=2
y=2x+1 (b 9) b=4
b-a=2

04 y=(2a-3)x+5 y=(-3a+6)x-8
a ;5;

2a-3=-3a+6 a=;5(;

05 y=(a+2)x+a y 5
y=-x+b a+b -1

a b
y=(a+2)x+a+5 y=-x+b a+2=-1 a+5=b
a=-3 b=2 a+b=-3+2=-1

160 IV.
05
1
x y
x y

20 1 4
x y 0 x 20)
x y
60
20 1 4
x 4x
x y y=4x+20
60 y=60
y=60 y=4x+20 60=4x+20 x=10
60 10

2
a` 1 b` x y`

y=a+bx

a cm 1 b cm x y cm
y=a-bx

a` 1 b` x y`
y=a-bx

= _ = =

161
 p.75

01 15`cm 20 2`cm

20 2 cm 1 0.1 cm

x y cm x y
y 15-0.1x

2 3`cm

02 `m `
`

100 m 0.6`
1m 0.006 `

xm y` x y
y 21-0.006x

1000 m 15`

18` 500`m

162 IV.
 p.75

01
x y
0` 331 m 10` x y
6m x` ym

x y
15`
349 m

1` 0.6`m y 331+0.6x
x=15 y=331+0.6x y=331+0.6_15=340
15` 40`m
y=349 y=331+0.6x 349=331+0.6x x=30
349`m 0

1 50` 10 5`
x y` x y
1 30
0 x 100) y 50-0.5x 5`
1 0.5` y=50-0.5x
x=90 y=50-0.5x y=50-0.5_90=5
1 30 5`

02
= _
480 km x y
96 km x
y km

x y

x 96x`km y 480-96x
y=0 y=480-96x 0=480-96x x=5
5

2 580`km
20`km x
y`km x y
y 580-20x 29

x 20x km y=580-20x
0 km
y=0 y=580-20x 0=580-2x x=29
29
163
 p.76

01 2` 10 km 40`
x km y`
90 km 22`
1 km 0.2` y=40-0.2x
x=90 y=40-0.2x y=40-0.2_90=22
90 km 22`

02 30 cm 50 g g
a`cm b`cm
10 g 34 cm 20 g
38 cm 45 g (b-a)`cm
48`cm 1`g

xg y cm y=30+;5@;x
b-a
`cm
x=45 y=30+;5@;x y=30+;5@;_45=48
45 g 48 cm

03 10 km 150 m 150 m=0.15 km

x y
4 km
40
x 0.15x km x
y km y=10-0.15x
y=4 y=10-0.15x 4=10-0.15x x=40
4 km 40

04 AB
B 3 cm
B AB 36 cm`
B
2

x AB y cm` B =3x cm y=;2!;_3x_12=18x

y=36 y=18x 36=18x x=2
AB 36`cm B 2

05 30 cm
x y cm
x y

x y y -; !;x+30

1 20`cm

(0 30) (180 0) y=-;6!;x+30

x=60 y=-;6!;x+30 y=-;6!;_60+30=20

1 20 cm

164 IV.
 p.76

1 04 y=ax+b
a

01 b a 2 b -6
y -6 b=-6
x 3 x=3 y=0 y=ax-6
(x)=-3x+6
1 0=3a-6 a=2
(-2)-2 {- } -2
3
x x 2 2
2 ( a ) -10

(-2)=12 {-;3!;}=7

(-2)-2 {-;3!;}=12-2_7=-2 05 x 3 5
(2)=6 2a-2=6 a=4 (x)=4x-2 y 4
(-2)=4_(-2)-2=-10
y=-3x+2 ✔ y=-2x+3

y=-;2!;x+4 y=;2!;x-2
02 y=3x-2
-4
= =-2 -2
5-3
y=;3{;-1 y=3x(x-2)

y=-; ;+6 y=x(x-1)+2x

y=1-3x y=; !;+3

06
y= x y=ax+b
x
x -4
6 y
a b 4
y 2-0
a= = =;5@;
x 0-(-5)
y
= =;5@; y =4
6-(-4)

03 1
y=- x+1
4
y

-7
07 (-5 -2) (1 a)
1
a
(-12 -4) (-4 5) ✔ {2 -:Á2£:} 6

(4 7) (8 -6) -3` -2 ✔ -1
y=-;4!;x+1-7 y=-;4!;x-6 1 2
a-(-2) a+2
- Á2 =-;4!;_2-6 = =;6!; =;6!;
1-(-5) 6
a+2=1 a=-1

165
08 11 y=3ax+4 y
-7 y=6x+b
2 a-b 5

a b
;5#; y=3ax+4-7
y=3ax-3
y=6x+b 3a=6 -3=b
a=2 b=-3 a-b=2-(-3)=5
✔ {-1 ;;Á5;;}

x 3 y 5

✔ y=-;5#;x-3
12 240 g 4

x 5 y 3 x yg
x y
0-3
= =-;5#; y=240-4x y=240-3x
5-0
x 5 y 3
x 5 y 3
✔ y=240-x y=240+x
y=60-x
240 g 4 1 60 g 1 1g

x y y=240-x
09 y=-3(x+1)+2

y=-;3@;x+4 y=3(x-2)+5

✔ y=3(1-x)+4 y=3x-1 2
y=-3x+2(x-1)
y 13 y x
2
y=-3(x+1)+2=-3x-1
y=3(1-x)+4=-3x+7
y=( x
y=( x
✔ y=( x
10 y=ax+b y=( x
3 ✔ y=( x
y=- x-;3!;
4 y= x x=3 y=2 1 0 y
7 y= x x=2 y=1 2
{2 } ab
2 y= x x=1 y=2 3 4 y

a b

✔ -
15
4
-3 -;2#; 14 (x)=2x-3
3
(x)=- +2
x
15 (a)=7 (1)=b a+b
;2#; 4
-6 -5 0
y=ax+b y=-;4#;x-;3!;
✔ 4 6
a=-;4#; (x)=2x-3 (a)=7 2a-3=7 a=5

y=-;4#;x+b {2 ;2&;} (x)=-; ;+2 (1)=b -3+2=b b=-1

a+b=5+(-1)=4
;2&;=-;4#;_2+b b=5 ab=-;4#;_5=-:Á4:

166 IV.
 p.77

15 y=ax+b
19 3
y= x+3 y=-x+3
2
1
y= x-3 x
2 x :Á2:

y=3x+5 y =;2!;_5_3=:Á2:

y=ax+b -; ;

y=;2!;x-3 x 6 y=3x+5 a b
y 5
y=ax+b
5
-
6

20
16 x
1
y= x-2
3
y=ax+b y
=4 ab ✔
a b -;3@; -6
(0 -2) =4 (0 2) (0 -6)
y=ax+b (0 2)
⁄
1 y
a=- b=2 ab=-;3@;
3
y=ax+b (0 -6)

a=1 b=-6 ab=-6

ab -;3@; -6

17 3
(x)=- x+2
5
(-3)- (2)
-;5#;
-3-2
(-3)- (2)
-3-2
=
y
x
= =-;5#;
21 y=ax+b

b
y=- x-b
a

a b

18 (-2 -8) (2 k) (4 10) 1

3
✔ 2
2 3
k
2 4
1` 2 3
b
a<0 b>0 - >0 -b<0
✔ 4 5 a
(-2 -8) (2 k) b
y=- x-b
a
(-2 -8) (4 10)
y
k-(-8) 10-(-8)
= k=4 2
2-(-2) 4-(-2)

167
 p.79

22 ab>0 a+b<0 y=ax+b 25 y=ax+b

a b x 4
4a+b
✔ 1 2
a b
3 4
-5 -2 ✔ 0
ab>0 a b
4 5
a+b<0 a<0 b<0
y=ax+b 5
y=ax+b
1 4
5
a= y=;4%;x+b
4
y=;4%;x+b x 4 x=4 y=0

0=;4%;_4+b b=-5 4a+b=0

23 (ab ac) 4
a
y=- x+;b;
c
1 3 4 26 y=ax-3
ab>0 a b ac<0 a c y=2x-5
b c ; A;>0 ;b;<0 y=bx+1 x
y=-
a
x+
c ab a b -;3;
c b
y=ax-3 y=2x-5 a=2
1 3 4
y=2x-3
y=2x-3 y=bx+1 x
x
3
y=2x-3 x y=bx+1 x
2
( y=ax+b y
3
¥
24
2
{ y=;a;x-;2!;b y
x=;2#; y=0 y=bx+1 0=;2#;b+1
¥
9 y=-ax+b-3 y b=-;3@; ab=2_{-;3@;}=-;3$;

27
AB
A
a b 2 cm

B
A x A
✔ y cm`
x y y -20x+440
2 cm x 2x cm

=12-(2x-32)=44-2x`(cm)
y=;2!;_(44-2x)_20=-20x+440

-a>0 b-3>0 a<0 b>3

y
b>3

168 IV.
1 p.79

y=ax-1 y -3 5
1-1 y=- x+b y
4
x -2 y b a-b
7 x a y 10
.( a )
a-b ( b )

y=ax-1 y -3
y=-;4%;x+b y 7

y=ax-1-3 y=ax-4 y=-;4%;x+b+7

a b a b
x -2 x=-2 y=0 y=-;4%;x+b+7 y 10 b+7=10 b=3
y=ax-4 y=-;4%;x+10 x a x=a y=0
0=-2a-4 a=-2
0=-;4%;a+10 a =8
y=-2x-4 y b b=-4 a-b
a-b=8-3=5
a-b
a-b=-2-(-4)=2

2 5

2
y=ax+7 2-1 y=ax-5

(b 3) ab (b -2) ab
a a

a a
1 y=ax-5
-;3@; y=ax+7 a=1

a=-;3@;
b
b
y=x-5 (b -2)
-2=b-5 b=3
y=-;3@;x+7 (b 3)

3=-;3@;b+7 b=6
ab
ab ab=1_3=3

ab=-;3@;_6=-4

-4 3

169
 p.80

3 y=ax-7 x 6 5 y=-x+4 y=ax+4

y 3 (b -5) x 12 a
ab a

y=ax-7 x 6 y 3 y=-x+4 x 4 y 4 a y=ax+4

-3 4
a= =-;2!; 2 x - y 4
6 a
y
y=-;2!;x-7 (b -5) y=-x+4 y=ax+4

-5=-;2!;b-7 b=-4 2 4
4
-;a;
ab=-;2!;_(-4)=2 1
4 x
4
2
;2!;_{4+;a;}_4=12 a=2 3

2 2

4 y=3x-2 y 6
3 B
y=- x+6
5
2`cm
x
B
x
y=3x-2 y AB y`cm
y=3x-2+ 1
3
y=3x-2+ y=- x+6 x
5
x x y
y=-;5#;x+6 y=0 x=10 B AB
(10 0) 3
55`cm
x=10 y=0 y=3x-2+
0=3_10-2+ =-28 2

B 2 cm x B =2x cm
=(16-2x) cm
y= AB + =;2!;_8_2x+;2!;_5_(16-2x)=3x+40
y=55 y=3x+40 55=3x+40 x=5
55 cm` B
5

-28 y 3x+40 5

170 IV.
 IV

1
2
 01
1
x y
ax+by+c=0`(a b c a 0 b 0)

ax+by+c=0

2 ax+by+c=0 (a b c a 0 b 0)
a
y=- x-;b;
b

y
y y=-;bA;x-;b;
ax+by+c=0
-;bA; y -;b;
(a b c a 0 b 0)

1
2x+3y+1=0 y=-;3@;x-
3
1
-;3@; y -
3

2 x y

x= ( 0) ( 0) y
(x
y= ( 0) (0 ) x
(y

x=0 y y=0 x

x=3 y=-5

x= x y
y= x y

172 IV.
 p.81

01 y=ax+b a b

-3x+y+7=0 y 3x-7 x+2y-6=0 y -;2!;x+3

1
2x-5y=10 y ;5@;x-2 x+ y=-2 y -3x-6
3

02 ax+by+c=0
a b c a 0 b 0

y=-;bA;x-
3x+2y-6=0
y
-;2#;x+3
2y=-3x+6 y=
-;2#;

x 2

y 3

x-2y-4=0
;2!;x-2
-2y=-x+4 y=
;2!;

x 4

y -2

03 x= `( 0)

y= `( 0)
x=-3
( -3 0)
y

y=3
(0 3 )
x

173
 p.82

01
y
3x+2y+12=0 ax+by+c=0

x -4 y -6
(a b c a 0 b 0)
-;2#; 4 y=-;bA;x-;b;

-6x-4y=12 ;bA; y ;b;

3x+2y+12=0 y=-;2#;x-6
x y=0 3x+12=0 x=-4
y x=0 2y+12=0 y=-6
3
-
2
1
3
-6x-4y=12 y=- x-3 y
2

1 6x-2y-3=0 a x b y c
a+b+c 2

y=3x-;2#; 3 y -;2#; a=3 c=-;2#;

x y=0 6x-3=0 x=;2!; b=;2!; a+b+c=2

02
ax+by+1=0
ab a b

(a 0)
(0 b)

ax+by+1=0 (-2 0) -2a+1=0 a=;2!;

(0 -4) -4b+1=0 b=;4!;

ab=;2!;_;4!;=; !;

2 3x+ay-12=0
a+b a 0
3x+ay-12=0 (0 -3) -3a-12=0 a=-4
3x-4y-12=0 (b 0) 3b-12=0 b=4
a+b=0

174 IV.
03 x y
x y
y=
y
(3 5) y
(-3 a-1) (2 3a+5) x a y x
x=
x

(3 5) y y 5

x y

a-1=3a+5 -2a=6 a=-3

3
(-2 3) x x -2

(-2a+3 1) (a-6 -4) y a

3
y x -2a+3=a-6 a=3

04

x=2 2x-8=0 3y=9 y+1=0

2x-8=0 x=4 3y=9 y=3 y+1=0 y=-1

x=2 x=4 y=3 y=-1

2_4=8

4 20 k 2

4x+8=0 x-3=0 y+2=0 y=k

x=-2 x=3 y=-2 y=k

20
5_(k+2)=20 k=2

175
 p.82

01 2x-y+3=0

2x-y+3=0 y=2x+3 2 x -;2; y 3

02 6x+ay-15=0 x a y b
(a 0) (0 b)
2ab a -15
6x+ay-15=0 (0 -5) -5a-15=0 a=-3
6x-3y-15=0 (b 0) 6b-15=0 b=;2%;

2ab=2_(-3)_;2%;=-15

03 (-1 6) (3 -2) ax+5y-2=0

a 10
2 a
(-1 6) (3 -2) -2 ax+5y-2=0 y=-;5A;x+ -2=-
5 5
a=10

04
x=-5
x=5
✔ y=2
(-3 -5) (-5 1)
x
y=-5 x=5
y -5 y

05 y=
x=-3
(-1 6)
(-1 6)
y=6
y 6 x= y=

06
(2 a) (-3 -3a+2) y a
;2!; y ;2!;

(3a-8 2) (-a+4 -2) y a

3 x 1

y y a=-3a+2 a=;2!; y=;2!;

y x 3a-8=-a+4 a=3 x=1

176 IV.
02
1
y

a y b y=ax+b

-2 y 3 y=-2x+3

a (x y )
y=ax+b
x=x y=y y=ax+b b

2 (1 3)
2 y=2x+b
(1 3) x=1 y=3 3=2_1+b b=1 y=2x+1

(x y ) (x y ) x x)
y -y
a=
x -x
y=ax+b b

(4 -1) (2 3)
3-(-1)
= =-2
2-4
y=-2x+b (4 -1) x=4 y=-1
-1=-2_4+b b=7 y=-2x+7

x y

x y

( 0) (0 ) -

y y=- x+

x 3 y 2 (3 0) (0 2)
2-0 2 2
= =- y 2 y=- x+2
0-3 3 3

177
 p.83

01 a y b

2 y -3 y 2x-3 -3 y 4 y -3x+4 y=ax+

;3@; y -6 y ;3@;x-6 -;5@; y 1 y -;5@;x+1

02 -3 (-2 4) a (x y)

y=ax+b x=
y=
-3 y=-3x+b
(-2 4) x=-2 y=4
4 =-3_( -2 )+b b= -2

y= -3x-2

03 (-2 -1) (1 5) (x y ) (x y )

= x -x ( x x)

(-2 -1) (1 5)
5-( -1 )
= = 2
1-(-2)
2 y= 2 x+b
(1 5) x=1 y=5
5 = 2 _1+b b= 3

y= 2x+3

04 x y

x 1 y 3 y=- x+
(1 0) (0 3) -3

y -3x+3

x -4 y 2
(-4 0) (0 2) ;2!;

y ;2!;x+2

178 IV.
 p.83

01 y
a y b
y=ax+b

x 3 5 y 4 y 4
2x-3y+1=0 y -2

-4
= =-2 y 4 y -2x+4
5-3

2x-3y+1=0 y=;3@;x+;3!; ;3@;

y -2 y ;3@;x-2

-;4#; (0 -1) y -;4#;x-1

2x+y=2 y 3 y -2x+3
2x+y=2 y=-2x+2 -2
y 3 y=-2x+3

02
a (x y )
(4 3)
y=ax+b x=x y=y
b

0-4 1
(0 4) (8 0) = =-; $;=-
8-0 2
1
y=- x+b
2
1
(4 3) x=4 y=3 3=- _4+b b=5
2

y -;2!;x+5

2
4 (-2 1) y 4x+9

x 6 y 4 (-3 -4)
y ;3@;x-2

y=-3x+1 (-2 4) y -3x-2

y=4x+b x=-2 y=1 1=4_(-2)+b b=9 y=4x+9
y=;3@;x+b x=-3 y=-4 -4=;3@;_(-3)+b b=-2 y=;3@;x-2
y=-3x+b x=-2 y=4 4=-3_(-2)+b b=-2 y=-3x-2

179
 p.84

03
(x y ) (x y )
(-2 3) (3 -4)
y
(-2 3) (3 -4) x
y -y
= ` x x
-4-3 7 x -x
= =-
3-(-2) 5

y=-;5&;x+b x=-2 y=3

3=-;5&;_(-2)+b b=;5!; y -;5&;x+;5!;

3
(2 4) (0 -2) y 3x-2

y=ax+b y 3
a+b
a b -6
3 y=3x+b x=0 y=-2 b=-2
y=3x-2
5 y=5x+k x=1 y=-3 k=-8
y=5x-8
y=ax+b y=ax+b+3
y=5x-8 a=5 b=-11
a+b=5+(-11)=-6

04 x y
x y
(-6 k) k ( 0) (0 )

x 2 y -7 (2 0) (0 -7)
-7-0
= =;2&; y -7 y=;2&;x-7
0-2
(-6 k) x=-6 y=k
k=;2&;_(-6)-7=-28

4 x -2 y 3 y -5
x ;3;
3-0
= =;2; y 3 y=;2;x+3
0-(-2)
y=;2#;x+3 y -5 y=;2#;x-2

x ;3$;

180 IV.
 p.84

01
(-1 2) -3 y -3x-1

(-3 -4) (6 2) y ;3@;x-2 x a (a 0)

y b (0 b)
(2 3) y 5 y -x+5

x ;2!; y 3 y -6x+3

-3 x -1 y -3x-3

(1 -2) (2 3) (2 1)
y 5x-9

02
✔ y=-;5$;x+3 y=-;4#;x+3

y=-;5#;x+3 y=;5#;x+3

y=;5$;x+3
y 3 y=ax+3 x=5 y=-1 -1=5a+3 a=-;5;

y=-;5;x+3

03 (-2 5) (1 -4)
y=-3x-1
x 3 -;3!; y 1 -1

✔ (-4 11) 3
y=3x+5
1

04 y -3
(2 k) k 6
2 y=2x+b x=-2 y=1 b=5 y=2x+5
y=2x+5 y -3 y=2x+5-3
y=2x+2
x=2 y=k k=2_2+2=6

05 x 2 y -6 3x-y+9=0 x
x
x y -3x-9
y
-3 y=-3x+b
y
3x-y+9=0 x x -3
x=-3 y=0 y=-3x+b b=-9 y=-3x-9

181
 03
1
ax+by+c=0
[ ax+by+c=0
a x+b y+c =0
a x+b y+c =0

x= y= ( )

x-y=1 2x+y=5
(2 1)
x-y=1
[ x=2 y=1
2x+y=5

2
ax+by+c=0
[ ax+by+c=0
a x+b y+c =0
a x+b y+c =0

㉜ saes
←
∅
_

y
y
y
a b a b c a b c
= = =
a b a b c a b c

2x+y=1
[ 2x+y=1 4x+2y=-2
4x+2y=-2

2x+5y=2
[ 2x+5y=2 4x+10y=4
4x+10y=4

182 IV.
 p.86

01 x-y=-2
=
x+y=4
x-y=-2
[
x+y=4 x 1 y 3

02
x+y=1 x-y=-3 (-1 2)

2x-3y=3 3x-4y=5 (3 1)
x+y=1
[ x=-1 y=2 (-1 2)
x-y=-3
2x-3y=3
[ x=3 y=1 (3 1)
3x-4y=5

03
x+y=-1 x+y=-2 3x-2y=-6
[ [ [
2x-y=4 2x+2y=4 6x-4y=-12
x 1 y -2

04
x+2y=3 3x-y=-1 3x+y=2
[ [ [
2x+4y=6 2x-3y=-4 6x+2y=-2

183
 p.87

01
ax-y+3=0 =
[
4x+y-b=0
a+b
a b

x=-1 y=5
x=-1 y=5 ax-y+3=0 -a-5+3=0 a=-2
x=-1 y=5 4x+y-b=0 -4+5-b=0 b=1
a+b=(-2)+1=-1

1
x+y=5
[
ax-y=-2

a 2

3x-y-2=0 ax+y-1=0 (3 b)
a+b a 5
x 1 x=1 x+y=5 y=4
x=1 y=4 ax-y=-2 a-4=-2 a=2
x=3 y=b 3x-y-2=0 b=7
x=3 y=7 ax+y-1=0 a=-2 a+b=5

02
2x+3y-3=0 x-y+1=0 2x-y=0

2x+3y-3=0
[ x=0 y=1 (0 1)
x-y+1=0
2x-y=0 y=2x 2
2 (0 1) y 2x+1

2 -x+2y=4 x+y=-1 x 2
y -;4!;x+;2!;
-x+2y=4
[ x=-2 y=1 (-2 1)
x+y=-1
0-1
(-2 1) (2 0) = =-;4!;
2-(-2)
y=-;4!;x+b x=-2 y=1 b=;2!; y=-;4!;x+;2!;

184 IV.
03
3x-2y=7
[ a
ax+8y=14

y
ax+by+c=0
y [
a x+b y+c =0
3x-2y=7 y=;2#;x-;2&; ax+8y=14 y=-; A;x+;4&; a b c
a b c

;2#;=-; A; a=-12
-2
;a;= ; 4; a=-12
8

3
5x-2y=3 3
[ a -15 5x-2y=3 y=;2%;x-
2
ax+6y=-1 1
ax+6y=-1 y=-;6A;x-
6
4x+ay=6 -2x+5y=3 a
-10
4 2 5
4x+ay=6 y= x+;a; -2x+5y=3 y= x+;5; =-;6A; a=-15
a 5 2
2
;a;= a=-10
5

04
2x+2y=b
[ ab
3ax-y=4
a b
y

y
ax+by+c=0
[
a x+b y+c =0
2x+2y=b y=-x+;2B; 3ax-y=4 y=3ax-4 a b c
a b c
y
-1=3a ;2B;=-4 a=-;3!; b=-8 ab=-;3!;_(-8)=;3;
2 2
= =;4B; a=-;3!; b 8 ab=-;3!;_(-8)=;3*;
3a -1

4
4x-2y=b b
[ a+b 4x-2y=b y=2x-
2
ax+y=2 -6 ax+y=2 y=-ax+2
a b
ax-2y=b 2x-y=1 a+b b
2=-a - =2
2
a b 6
a=-2 b=-4
b a+b=-2+(-4)=-6
ax-2y=b y=;2A;x- 2x-y=1 y=2x-1
2
b
;2A;=2 - =-1 a=4 b=2
2
a+b=4+2=6 185
 p.88

01 ax+y=1 x-by=-3
a-b ( a b ) 0
(-1 2)
x=-1 y=2 ax+y=1 -a+2=1 a=1
x=-1 y=2 x-by=-3 -1-2b=-3 b=1
a-b=1-1=0

02 2x-3y=10 3x+2y=2 x

✔ x=2 x=-2 y=2

y=-2 y=x+2
2x-3y=10
[ x=2 y=-2 (2 -2)
3x+2y=2
(2 -2) x x=2

03
2x+y=-2 -4x+2y=10 -2x+y=-1
[ [ [
4x+2y=-4 2x-y=-5 4x-2y=3
x-y=-3 -x+;2!;y=1
✔ [ [
2x-4y=1 2x-y=3
x-y=-3 y=x+3 2x-4y=1 y=;2!;x-;4!;

04 ax+y=-3 3x-2y=1 a
-;2#;

ax+y=-3 y=-ax-3 3x-2y=1 y=;2;x-;2!;

a=-;2;

05 x+3y=11 ax+y=-1 2x-3y=-5

a -2
x+3y=11
[ x=2 y=3 (2 3)
2x-3y=-5
ax+y=-1 (2 3) 2a+3=-1 a=-2

06 y=-2x+10 y=2x+6 x
x y
32
y=-2x+10
[ x=1 y=8 y=-2x+10 x y
y=2x+6
y=2x+6 (1 8) x 5 -3
;2!;_8_8=32

186 IV.
 p.89

1 05
01 2x+3y-12=0 ✔ x -2 y 6
2 y -5
2 (-1 3) (1 7)
- y=2x y 7
3
y 4
3 (1 2) y=2x+3

✔ y=;3;x
y=3x+6 y=2x-5 y=2x+5 y=2x+7 y=2x

x 3 y 2

2x+3y-12=0 y=-;3@;x+4

06
2
y= x
3 -2x+3y=12 x
( 0) y (0 )

02 (a-3 2) (1-3a 4)
( ) (2 -5)
y -;2!;x-4
x a 1
-2x+3y=12 x -6 =-6 y 4 =4
x x -5-(-6)
a-3=1-3a a=1 (4 -6) (2 -5) =-;2!;
2-4
1
y=- x+b x=4 y=-6
2
1
b=-4 y=- x-4
2

03 ax+by=1 07
ax-y=3
[
a+b 3x+by=-6
a b -;3!;

y=-3 -;3!;y=1

a=0 b=-;3!; a+b=-;3!; a+b

a b -1

x=5 y=7

04
x=5 y=7 ax-y=3 5a-7=3 a=2
x=5 y=7 3x+by=-6 15+7b=-6 b=-3
x 5 a+b=2+(-3)=-1

x+ y+ =0
+ 08 ax+5y+10=0 x-ay+6=0 y
-:Á2Á:
a -3
y y
2-(-4)
=2 a
3-0 ax+5y+10=0 y=- x-2
5
y=2x+b (5 0)
6
0=2_5+b b=-10 x-ay+6=0 y=;a!;x+
a
y=2x-10 x-;2!;y-5=0 6
y -2= a=-3
a
=-;2!; =-5 + =-;2!;+(-5)=-:Á2Á:

187
09 2x-y+k=0 x+3y=8 x
2
5 2x+y=k x-y-2k=0
k
13
(-9 9)
a>0 b>0 c>0
x=5 x+3y=8 y=1
x=5 y=1 2x-y+k=0 k=-9 ax+by+c=0
2x+y=-9
[ x=-9 y=9 2 3 4
x-y+18=0
(-9 9) ax+by+c=0 y=-;bA;x-;b;

=-;bA;<0 y =-;b;<0
ax+by+c=0
2 3 4

10 2x+3y-5=0 3x-y+9=0
14 -2ax+(b+1)y+3=0
2x-y=3 3
{- 2} x=4
y 2x+7 4
2x+3y-5=0 ab a b
[ x=-2 y=3
3x-y+9=0
(-2 3)
2x-y=3 y=2x-3 1 ;2#; ✔ 2
2
y=2x+b x=-2 y=3
b=7 ;2%; 3
y=2x+7 3
3
{- 2} x=4 x=-
4 4

11 -2ax+(b+1)y+3=0

-2ax+3=0 x=
3
b+1=0
3
=-
3
b=-1

a=-2 ab=2
2a 2a 4
2x+y=1 2x+y=3
[ [
15
✔
6x+3y=3 -x-;2!;y=;2#;
x+y=3 x-y=-1 y=x+2 y=x-2
[ [
2x-y=-1 2x-2y=-2
A B
x+2y=-3
[ y -x+4
2x-3y=8
1-3
2x+y=3 y=-2x+3 -x-;2!;y=;2#; y=-2x-3 A(1 3) B(3 1) =-1
3-1
y y=-x+b x=1 y=3
b=4 y=-x+4

16
x y

12 ax-6y=-3 x-3y=3
A B
A B
a

1 ✔ 2 3
4 5 8 10 2Á

ax-6y=-3 y=;6A;x+;2!;
12 ✔ 2
x-3y=3 y=;3!;x-1
6-2
(-3 2) (1 6) = =1
1-(-3)
y=x+b x=-3 y=2
;6A;=;3!; a=2
b=5 y=x+5
x -5 y 5
A(-5 0) B(0 5) A B=;2!;_5_5=;;ª2;;

188 IV.
 p.90

17 4x-y=a x+2y=14-a 21 x+y-4=0 y=-1 4x-y+5=0

y=2x a y=-3

1 2 3
10 ;;2;; ✔ ;;2Á;;
✔ 4 5
x ( 2 ) 18 20
x= y=2 4x-y=a a=2 x+y-4=0
x= y=2 x+2y=14-a a=14-5 y=-1 y=-3
2 =14-5 =2 a=4 (5 -1) (7 -3)
4x-y+5=0
y=-1 y=-3
{-;2; -1} (-2 -3)

;2!;_{:Á2£:+9}_2=:£2Á:

18 x+y=1 2x-3y=1
22
(a+2)x-ay=4
x-y+2=0
(a+2)x-ay=4 2x+y-8=0 x
a
A
✔ (2 2) (2 3) (3 2) B
(3 3) (4 6) AB
x+y=1 y 4x-4
[ x=;5; y=;5!;
2x-3y=1
x-y+2=0
1 [ x=2 y=4 (2 4)
{;5$; } 2x+y-8=0
5
1 AB=;2!;_(4+2)_4=12
(a+2)x-ay=4 {;5$; } a=4
5
AB x (a 0)
6x-4y=4 3x-2y=2
3x-2y=2 (2 2) ;2!;_(2+a)_4=6 a=1
(2 4) (1 0) y=4x-4

19 2x-y-3=0 x-y=1
23
3x-ky-8=0
4`km
k k 0)
-2 ;2#; 3
2x-y-3=0
[ x=2 y=1 20
x-y=1
(2 1)
3x-ky-8=0 (2 1) k=-2
x
3x-ky-8=0 2x-y-3=0 k=;2#;
3x-ky-8=0 x-y=1 k=3
y`km x y
k -2 ;2#; 3
4x-2y=1
20 [
ax+by-2=0
y=bx-a x y 36
8
km
a b ;;Á5ª;;`km
(0 0) (60 4)
y
y=;1Á5;x
4x-2y=1 y=2x-;2!;
(20 0) (40 3)
ax+by-2=0 y=-;bA;x+;b;
y=;2£0;x-3
y
2=-;bA; -;2!;=;b; a=8 b=-4
;1Á5;x=;2£0;x-3 x=36
;2!;_2_8=8
x=36 y=;1Á5;x y=:Á5ª:(km)
189
 1 p.93

1-1
3y=2x+12 x+y=5
[ [
x+ay-3=0 ax-2y=-1

a a

y 2 y=2 x=2 x+y=5

2+y=5 y=3
3y=2x+12 (2 3)
6=2x+12 x=-3
(-3 2)
a
a
x=2 y=3 ax-2y=-1
x=-3 y=2 x+ay-3=0
2a-6=-1 a=;2%;
-3+2a-3=0 a=3

3 ;2;

2
2-1
ax-y-4=0 x+y-4=0 ax-y-7=0
y x-2y+6=0 y
12 a 20
a

x x k(k<0)

k(k>0) ;2!;_10_(-k)=20 k=-4

x=-4 x-2y+6=0
;2!;_8_k=12 k=3 -4-2y+6=0 y=1
(-4 1)
x=3 x+y-4=0
3+y-4=0 y=1 a
(3 1) x=-4 y=1 ax-y-7=0
-4a-1-7=0 a=-2
a
x=3 y=1 ax-y-4=0

3a-1-4=0 a=;3%;

;3%; -2

190 IV.
 3 (1 -2) (3 6) y 5
3 (3 a) a AB A
2 1

6-(-2)
(1 -2) (3 6) =4
3-1
y=4x+b x=1 y=-2
b=-6 y=4x-6 2 AB =;2!;_9_4=18 AB A =2 1
y 3
y=4x-6+3 y=4x-3 2 AB =18_;3@;=12
y=4x-3 (3 a) (a 0)
a=4_3-3=9 2
AB =;2!;_(a+5)_4=12 a=1 (1 0) 4
A(3 4) (1 0)
0-4
= =2 y=2x+b x=1
1-3
y=0
0=2+b b=-2 y=2x-2 4

9 y 2x-2

4 6 (1 -1) (k+2 -2) (2k -4)

(1 -1) (k+2 -2) (1 -1)

(2k -4)
-2-(-1) -4-(-1)
= k=-4 5
k+2-1 2k-1
(1 -1) (-2 -2) (-8 -4)
(1 0) (0 -1) 1 y -1 -2-(-1) 1
=
-2-1 3
y=x-1 2
1
(3 0) (0 3) -1 y 3 y= x+b x=1 y=-1
3
y=-x+3 2 1
y=x-1 -1= +b b=-;3$;
3
[
y=-x+3 1
y= x-;3$; 3
x=2 y=1 3
(2 1) 3

(2 1) y ;3!;x-;3;

191
 01
x y x y y
x
y= (x) x y (x) x

02 03
y= (x)
y=ax+b (a b a 0) ax+by+c=0 (a b c a 0 b 0)
y x y=-;bA;x-;b;
x
y
x x
y x= y=
y x= ( 0) 0
y=ax+b y (x )
( ) y= ( 0) 0
= =a
( ) x (y )

04 05
a (x y) ax+by+c=0
[
a x+b y+c =0
y=ax+b
x= y= b
(x y ) (x y) y

a= x -x
y
y=ax+b
b

01 y= (x) 02 x y y x 03 -;bA; -;b;

04 x y y -y 05

192 IV.