01

02
03
04
01 01
1.

a n a n a n aÇ`
a aÛ` aÜ` y aÇ` y a aÇ` n a

a_a_a_y_a=a Ç` a n
n

a b m n
( aµ``ÑÇ` (m>n)
aµ`` \ 1 (m=n) ( , a+0)
aµ``aÇ`=aµ``±Ç`` aµ``ÖaÇ`= =
aÇ`` {
\ 1
¥9 aÇ` ѵ`` (m<n)
n
aÇ`
(aµ``)Ç`=aµ``Ç` (ab)Ç`=aÇ`bÇ {;bA;} = `( b+0)
bÇ`

aµ``+aÇ`+aµ``±Ç` aµ``_aÇ`+amn aµ``Öaµ``+0 a+0)

aÛ`_aß`ÖaÝ`=aÛ`±ß`ÑÝ`=aÝ` (aÜ`)Û`_(abÛ`)Û`=aß`_aÛ`bÝ`=a¡`bÝ``
a aÛ` aÛ` aß` aÛ` 1 1 1
{ }2`Ö{ }3`= Ö = _ bÜ` = _ =
bÛ` b bÝ` bÜ` bÝ` aß` aß`ÑÛ` bÝ`ÑÜ` aÝ`b

2. 1~4

n 2 n a xÇ`=a x a n
a y a

a n HjK n a HjK xÇ`=a x

a n n

-8 xÜ`=-8
xÜ`+8=0 (x+2)(xÛ`-2x+4)=0 -2 1+'3i 1-'3i
1 xÝ`=1
xÝ`-1=0 (x+1)(x-1)(xÛ`+1)=0 -1 1 -i i

10

02 1
-27 81

2
Þ'3Œ2 ß'¶64 Ü'¶-27
-Ý'8Œ1 Ü'Ä-0.008 -Þ"Ã(-3)Þ`

3
Ü'2
Ý'3_Ý'¶27 Ý"Å16Ü`
Ü'1Œ6
Ý'2
Ü"Ã'¶27 Ú`Û"3Ý`_á"3ß`
Ý'3Œ2

4 a>0 m n 2

Ü"Ã'¶216 Ý"ÃÜ'1Œ6_"ÃÜ'1Œ6 µ` "ÃÇ 'a=µ``Ç 'a=Ç "õ`'a

13
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"aÜ`bÖÜ"ÃaÝ`bÛ`_ß"aÞ`bÛ`
a>0 b>0)

ܾ¨
'a
Ý'a
_¾¨
ß'a
Ü'a
ÚÞa_ÝÁa° _Ü"ÅaÛ`

"aÜ`bÖÜ"ÃaÝ`bÛ`_ß"aÞ`bÛ`=ß"Ãaá`bÜ`Öß"Ãa¡`bÝ`_ß"ÃaÞ`bÛ`=ß"Ãaá`bÜ`Öa¡`bÝ`_aÞ`bÛ`=ß"Ãaá`Ñ¡`±Þ`bÜ`ÑÝ`±Û`
=ß"Åaß`b=a ß'b
'a ß'a Ü"'a "ß'a ß'a Ú`'
Û a
ܾ¨ _¾¨ = _ = _ =1
Ý'a Ü'a Ü"Ý'a "Ü'a Ú`Û'a ß'a
ÚÞa_ÝÁa° _Ü"ÅaÛ`='a_ÚÞÝÁa° _Ü"ÅaÛ`='a_¡Áa° _Ü"ÅaÛ`='a_¡'a_¡ÁÜ"
° ÅaÛ`='a_¡'a_Û`Ý"aÛ`
=Û`Ý"aÚ`Û`_Û`Ý"aÜ`_Û`Ý"aÛ`=Û`Ý"ÃaÚ`Û`_aÜ`_aÛ`
=Û`Ý`"Ãa12+3+2=Û`Ý`"aÚ`à`

04
A='5 B=Ü'1Œ0 C=ß'¶120

2 3 6 6
A='5=ß"Å5Ü`=ß'Ä125 B=Ü'1Œ0=ß"10Û`=ß'Ä100 C=ß'Ä120
ß'Ä100<ß'Ä120<ß'Ä125 B<C<A

KEY
Point a>0, b>0
a>b HjK Ç 'a>Ç 'b n 2

5 a>0 b>0 x>0)

Ü'Œx ¾¨ 'x Þ'Œx

Ý"ÃabÛ`_¡"ÃaÛ`bÖß"ÃaÛ`bÜ Þ¾¨ _Ü _¾¨ ÞÁ°a_Ý"ÃaÛ`_Ü'a
'x Þ'§x Ü'§x

6 A=Ü"Ã'1Œ0 B=Ý'5 C=Ü"Ã'1Œ1

16

수1_ .indd 16 2017-11-03 오후 3:52:15

04 103
y=1 y=3
y=2Å` y=2x-2

6
104 f(x)=
3Å`+3ÑÅ`

STEP 1
96 105 y=4Å`+4-x-2k(2Å`+2-x) -2 k 2 x+2 -x=t(t>0)
2-5x+3>(16'2)-2x+1 k<2 (2'2 x+1¾8-10x-2 t
2x x+2
1 Å`
{;3!;} É{;2Á7;} _{ } x2x+5>x3x-2 x>0
'3

x+y=3
106
1 8x
[
3Å`+3´`=12
x=a y=b ab x+y=3

97 4xÛ`É{ }
'2
x M m 3Å`_3´`=3x+y=3Ü`

M+m
xÛ`
1
107{ } >('2 )kx
4
x 3 k

98 48É32x+21É4_3x+1M
-6 m x M+m

1 2 3 4 5

108 x 9Å` -2k_3Å` +16¾0

STEP 2 k

1
99 (2Å` -32){
3Å`
-27}>0 x ab>0
HjK a>0 b>0
7 1098 91 102 11 1 a<0 b<04

10
2720 m m
100 a_36x-b_6x+6É0 -1ÉxÉ1 a b aÅ `

a+b aÅ`=t`(t>0)
t
a>0 a+1

x
1 x
101 A={x|32x+2-82_3x+9=0} B=[x {;4!;} +2_{ } >8]
2 87
A B

102 수1_ 2.indd 87 x k 2017-11-03 오후 3:55:33

xÛ`-(2k+1-4)x+2û`>0 4Å` -2x+3+k+1>0

86

수1_ 2.indd 86 2017-11-03 오후 3:55:22

1.

2.

3.

4.
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2.

3.
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2.

3.
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1.

a n a n a n aÇ`
a aÛ` aÜ` y aÇ` y a aÇ` n a

a_a_a_y_a=a Ç` a n
n

a b m n
( aµ``ÑÇ` (m>n)
aµ`` \ 1 (m=n) ( , a+0)
aµ``aÇ`=aµ``±Ç`` aµ``ÖaÇ`= =
aÇ`` {
\ 1
¥9 aÇ` ѵ`` (m<n)
n
aÇ`
(aµ``)Ç`=aµ``Ç` (ab)Ç`=aÇ`bÇ {;bA;} = `( b+0)
bÇ`

aµ``+aÇ`+aµ``±Ç` aµ``_aÇ`+amn aµ``Öaµ``+0 a+0)

aÛ`_aß`ÖaÝ`=aÛ`±ß`ÑÝ`=aÝ` (aÜ`)Û`_(abÛ`)Û`=aß`_aÛ`bÝ`=a¡`bÝ``
a aÛ` aÛ` aß` aÛ` 1 1 1
{ }2`Ö{ }3`= Ö = _ bÜ` = _ =
bÛ` b bÝ` bÜ` bÝ` aß` aß`ÑÛ` bÝ`ÑÜ` aÝ`b

2. 1~4

n 2 n a xÇ`=a x a n
a y a

a n HjK n a HjK xÇ`=a x

a n n

-8 xÜ`=-8
xÜ`+8=0 (x+2)(xÛ`-2x+4)=0 -2 1+'3i 1-'3i
1 xÝ`=1
xÝ`-1=0 (x+1)(x-1)(xÛ`+1)=0 -1 1 -i i

10
 a n

a n`(n¾2)
n
a>0 a n 2 Ç 'a, -Ç 'a
a=0 a n 0 Ç '0=0
a<0 a n
n
a n 1 Ç 'a

a a>0 a=0 a<0

n
n Ç 'a -Ç 'a 0
n Ç 'a 0 Ç 'a

Ç 'a n a Û'a 2 'a Û'a='a

a n xÇ`=a y=xÇ` y=a x

n y y=x n
n`

a>0 2 x a n a y=a
(a>0)
Ç 'a -Ç 'a
y=a
a=0 1 x 0 a n - "a
n n
"a x
(a=0)
0 Ç '0=0 a
y=a
a<0 a n (a<0)
y

n y y=x n
n`

a 1 a n y=a
a
(a>0)
Ç 'a n
"a
y=a
n
"a x (a=0)

a y=a
(a<0)

16 -125
16 xÝ`=16
xÝ`-16=0 (x+2)(x-2)(xÛ`+4)=0 -2 2 -2i 2i -2 2
Ý'1¶ 6=2 -Ý'1¶ 6=-2
-125 xÜ`=-125
5+5'3i 5-5'3i
xÜ`+125=0 (x+5)(xÛ`-5x+25)=0 -5
2 2
-5 Ü'Ä-125=-5

11
 a>0 b>0 m n 2
(Ç 'a)Ç` =a Ç 'a`Ç 'b=Ç '¶ab
Ç 'a
=Ç ¾;bA; (Ç 'a)µ``=Ç "aµ``
Ç 'b
µ` "ÃÇ 'a=µ``Ç 'a=Ç "õ`'a Ç` ¹ "aµ``¹`=Ç "aµ`` ,p

a>0 b>0 m n 2
Ç 'a a n (Ç 'a)Ç`=a
(Ç 'a`Ç 'b)Ç`=(Ç 'a)Ç` (Ç 'b)Ç`=ab
a>0 b>0 Ç 'a>0 Ç 'b>0 Ç 'a`Ç 'b>0
Ç 'a`Ç 'b ab n Ç 'a`Ç 'b=Ç '¶ab
Ç 'a Ç (Ç 'a)Ç`
{ }`= =;bA;
Ç 'b (Ç 'b)Ç`
Ç 'a
a>0 b>0 Ç 'a>0 Ç 'b>0 >0
Ç 'b
Ç 'a Ç 'a
;bA; n =Ǿ;bA;
Ç 'b Ç 'b
{(Ç 'a)µ``}Ç`=(Ç 'a)µ``Ç`={(Ç 'a)Ç`}µ``=aµ``
a>0 Ç 'a>0 (Ç 'a)µ``>0
(Ç 'a)µ`` aµ`` n (Ç 'a)µ``=Ç 'a
¶ µ``
(µ`"Ç 'a)µ``Ç`={(µ`"Ç 'a)µ``}Ç`=(Ç 'a)Ç`=a
a>0 µ`"Ǎ 'a>0 µ`"Ç 'a a mn `µ`"Ç 'a=µ``Ç 'a
(Ç "aµ``)Ç` ¹`={(Ç "a
 µ``)Ç`}¹`=(aµ``)¹`=aµ``¹`
aµ``¹`>0 Ç "a
 µ``>0 Ç "a
 µ`` aµ``¹` np Ç "aµ``=Ç` ¹ "aµ``¹`

Ü'2
(Þ'6)Þ`=6 (Ü'5)Ü`=5 Þ'3`Þ'5=Þ'3Ä _5=Þ'1Œ5 =Ü®;4@;=Ü®;2!;
Ü'4
(Þ'3)Û`=Þ"Å3Û` Ü"Û'5=3_2'5=Û"Ü'
 5 Ú`Þ"6 Ú`â`=3_5"Ã62_5=Ü"Å6Û`
a n Ü"Ã(-5)Ü`=-5
Ç "aÇ`=[
|a| n Ý"7Ý`=7 Ý"Ã(-7)Ý`=|-7|=7

a>0 b>0
a>b HjK Ç 'a>Ç 'b n 2

'3 Ü'4
'3=2_3"Å3Ü`=ß'2Œ7 Ü'4=3_2"Å4Û`=ßß'1Œ6
27>16 ß'2Œ7>ßß'1Œ6 '3>Ü'4

12
1
-27 81 -3 3 -3i 3i
3+3'3i 3-3'3i
-3
2 2

2
Þ'3Œ2 2 ß'6¶ 4 2 Ü'¶-27 -3

-Ý'8Œ1 -3 Ü'Ä-0.008 -0.2 -Þ"Ã(-3)Þ` 3

3
Ü'2
Ý'3_Ý'¶27 3 ;2!; Ý"Å16Ü` 8
Ü'1Œ6
Ý'2
Ü"Ã'¶27 '3 Ú`Û"3Ý`_á"3ß` 3 ;2!;
Ý'3Œ2

4 a>0 m n 2

Ü"Ã'¶216 '6 Ý"ÃÜ'1Œ6_"ÃÜ'1Œ6 2

µ` "ÃÇ 'a=µ``Ç 'a=Ç "õ`'a

13
 01

64 4 -81
-8 -2 -5 1

64 x xÜ`=64
xÜ`-64=0 (x-4)(xÛ`+4x+16)=0
x=4 x=-2Ñ2'3i
-81 x xÝ`=-81
-8 x xÜ`=-8
xÜ`+8=0 (x+2)(xÛ`-2x+4)=0
x=-2 x=1Ñ'3i
-5 x xÜ`=-5 -5 Ü'¶-5

KEY
Point a n xÇ` =a x, n a Ç 'a
a n

a>0 a=0 a<0

n Ç 'a, -Ç 'a 0
n Ç 'a 0 Ç 'a

5
-4 -2i 16 -4
27 3 ✔ 9 2
-16 Ý'Ä-16

14
 02

'2
Ü"27Û`_(Ý'3)¡`+"ÃÜ'¶729 (Ü'3-1)(Ü'9+Ü'3+1)
Ý'1Œ6

¾¨ ß'6Œ4 _ܾ¨ '6Œ4 _ß¾¨ Ü'6Œ4 ¾¨ 8Ú`â`+4Ú`â`

Ü'6Œ4 ß'6Œ4 '6Œ4 8Ý`+4Ú`Ú`

Ü"27Û`_(Ý'3)¡`+"ÃÜ'¶729=Ü"Ã(3Ü`)Û`_Ý"Å3¡`+ß'¶729=Ü"Ã(3Û`)Ü`_Ý"(à 3Û`)Ý`+ß"Å3ß`
=3Û`_3Û`+3=84
'2 '2
(Ü'3-1)(Ü'9+Ü'3+1)= (Ü'3-1)(Ü"Å3Û`+Ü'3+1)
Ý'1Œ6 Ý"Å2Ý`
'2
= (Ü'3-1){(Ü'3)Û`+Ü'3+1}
2
'2 '2
= {(Ü'3)Ü`-1Ü`}= _(3-1)='2
2 2

¾¨ ß'6Œ4 _ܾ¨ '6Œ4 _ß¾¨ Ü'6Œ4 = "Ãß'6Œ4 _ Ü"Ã'6Œ4 _ ß"ÜÃ'6Œ4 = Ú`Û'6Œ4 _ ß'6Œ4 _ Ú`¡'6Œ4 =1
Ü'6Œ4 ß'6Œ4 '6Œ4 "ÃÜ'6Œ4 Ü"Ãß'6Œ4 ß"Ã'6Œ4 ß'6Œ4 Ú`¡'6Œ4 Ú`Û'6Œ4

¾¨ 8Ú`â`+4Ú`â` =¾¨ (2Ü`)Ú`â`+(2Û`)Ú`â` =¾¨ 2Ü`â`+2Û`â` =¾¨ 2Û`â`(2Ú`â`+1) ="Å2¡`=2Ý`=16

8Ý`+4Ú`Ú` (2Ü`)Ý`+(2Û`)Ú`Ú` 2Ú`Û`+2Û`Û` 2Ú`Û`(1+2Ú`â`)

KEY
Point a>0, b>0 m, n 2
Ç 'a
(Ç 'a)Ç` =a Ç 'a`Ç 'b=Ç '¶ab =Ç ®;bA;
Ç 'b
(Ç 'a)µ` =Ç "Ãaµ`` µ`"Ç 'a=µ``Ç 'a=Ç "µ 'a Ç` ¹ "aµ``¹`=Ç "aµ`` p

6
1
Þ "3Å2Û`Ö(Ü'2)ß`-Ü"Ã'6Œ4 -1 (Ü'2+1)(Ü'4-Ü'2+1) 1
Ü'2Œ7

¾ Ü'¶125 ¾¨ Ü'¶125 ¾¨ Ý'¶125 ¾¨ 27Ú`â`+9Ú`â`

Ý ¨ _ß _á 1 81
á'¶125 '¶125 '¶125 27Ý`+9Ú`Ú`

15
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a>0 b>0)

'a ¾¨ ß'a
"aÜ`bÖÜ"ÃaÝ`bÛ`_ß"aÞ`bÛ` ܾ¨ _ ÚÞa_ÝÁa° _Ü"ÅaÛ`
Ý'a Ü'a

"aÜ`bÖÜ"ÃaÝ`bÛ`_ß"aÞ`bÛ`=ß"Ãaá`bÜ`Öß"Ãa¡`bÝ`_ß"ÃaÞ`bÛ`=ß"Ãaá`bÜ`Öa¡`bÝ`_aÞ`bÛ`=ß"Ãaá`Ñ¡`±Þ`bÜ`ÑÝ`±Û`
=ß"Åaß`b=a '
ß b
'a ¾¨ ß'a Ü"'a "ß'a ß'a Ú`Û'a
ܾ¨ _ = _ = _ =1
Ý'a Ü'a Ü"Ý'a "Ü'a Ú`Û'a ß'a
ÚÞa_ÝÁa° _Ü"ÅaÛ`='a_ÚÞÝÁa° _Ü"ÅaÛ`='a_¡Áa° _Ü"ÅaÛ`='a_¡'a_¡ÁÜ"
° ÅaÛ`='a_¡'a_Û`"
Ý aÛ`
=Û`"
Ý aÚ`Û`_Û`"
Ý aÜ`_Û`Ý"aÛ`=Û`"
Ý ÃaÚ`Û`_aÜ`_aÛ`
=Û`Ý`"Ãa12+3+2=Û`Ý`"aÚ`à`

04
A='5 B=Ü'1Œ0 C=ß'¶120

2 3 6 6
A='5=ß"Å5Ü`=ß'Ä125 B=Ü'1Œ0=ß"10Û`=ß'Ä100 C=ß'Ä120
ß'Ä100<ß'Ä120<ß'Ä125 B<C<A

KEY
Point a>0, b>0
a>b HjK Ç 'a>Ç 'b n 2

7 a>0 b>0 x>0)

Ü'Œx ¾¨ 'x Þ'Œx

Ý"ÃabÛ`_¡"ÃaÛ`bÖß"ÃaÛ`bÜ Û` Ý"aÝ`bÜ` Þ¾¨ _Ü _¾¨ 1 ÞÁ°a_Ý"ÃaÛ`_Ü'a 60
"ÅaÚ`á`
'x Þ'§x Ü'§x

8 A=Ü"Ã'1Œ0 B=Ý'5 C=Ü"Ã'1Œ1 A<C<B

16
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1.
0

2. 5~12
0

a+0 n
1
aâ`=1 aÑÇ`=
aÇ`

0â` 0ÑÚ` 0ÑÛ`

1 1 -1
1
5â`=1 (-2)â`=1 3ÑÛ`= = {;2!;} = =2
3Û` 9 ;2!;

a+0 b+0 m n
aµ``aÇ`=aµ``±Ç aµ``ÖaÇ`=aµ``ÑÇ
(aµ` )Ç`=aµ``Ç (ab)Ç`=aÇ` bÇ

1 1
2Ü`_2ÑÞ`=23+(-5)=2ÑÛ`= =;4!; 5Û`Ö5Ý`=5Û`ÑÝ`=5ÑÛ`= =;2Á5;
2Û` 5Û`
1 1 1
(2Û`)ÑÞ`=2ÑÚ`â`= =;10Á24; (2Û` 3)ÑÛ`=(2Û`)ÑÛ` 3ÑÛ`= _ =;14!4;
2Ú`â` 2Ý` 3Û`

3. 5~12

a>0 m n`(n¾2)
m
a =Ç "aµ``
n a;n!;=Ç 'a

m 1 1
a>0 m n`(n¾2) a- n = m =
a n Ç "aµ``

5;3@;=Ü"Å5Û` 7-;3@;=Ü"Ã7ÑÛ` 10-;2#;="Ã10ÑÜ` 9;3@;=Ü"9Û`=Ü"3Ý`=Ü"Ã3Ü`_3=3 Ü'3

17
 a>0 b>0 p q
p+q
a¹`aÏ`=a a¹`ÖaÏ`=a¹`ÑÏ`
(a¹`)Ï`=a¹ `Ï` (ab)¹`=a¹`b¹`

8;2!;_4;4!;_2ÑÛ`=(2Ü`);2!;_(2Û`);4!;_2ÑÛ`=2;2#;+;2!;-2=2â`=1
5;2%;Ö5Û`=5;2%;-2=5;2!;='5
(3;3$;);2#;=3;3$;_;2#;=3Û`=9
(2Ü`_3);3@;=(2Ü`);3@;_3;3@;=2Û`_3;3@;

4. 5~12

a>0 b>0 x y
x+y
aÅ`a´`=a aÅ`Öa´`=ax-y
(aÅ`)´`=aÅ` ´`` (ab)Å`=aÅ` bÅ`

5'3_52'3=5'3+2'3=53'3 3'2Ö3-'2=3'2-(-'2)=32'2
(2'3)'2=2'3_'2=2'6 2'3_3'3=(2_3)'3=6'3

xŒ`=yº` x=y;aB;, y=x;bA; x>0 y>0 ab+0

aÅ`=b´`=c½`=k a=k , b=k;]!;, c=k;z!;
;[!;
a>0 b>0 c>0 xyz+0

xŒ`=yº` (xŒ`);a!;=(yº`);a!; x=y;aB;

{(-2)Û`};2!;=(-2)Û`_;2!;=-2 {(-2)Û`};2!;=(2Û`);2!;=2Û`_;2!;=2

18
a>0 b>0
-;2!; -;2!; ;2!;
{;bA;} ={;aB;}2` {;bA;} ={;aB;}

0
a+0 m n
aµ``aÇ`=aµ``±Ç`
m=0 m=-n aâ` aÑÇ`
m=0 aâ`_aÇ`=aâ`±Ç`=aÇ` 1_aÇ`=aÇ` aâ`=1
1 1
m=-n aÑÇ`_aÇ`=a-n+n=aâ`=1 _aÇ`=1 aÑÇ`=
aÇ` aÇ`

a>0 m n`(n¾2)
(aµ``)Ç`=aµ``Ç`
m
n
m m
(a n Ç`=a n _n=am
m m
a n >0 an aµ`` n
m
a =Ç "aµ``
n

l n
a>0 p q k l m n p= q= (k¾2 m¾2)
k m

n lm kn lm+kn n
a¹`aÏ`=a;kL;a m =a km a km =û` µ`"ÃaÂ`µ` _û` µ`"Ãaû` Ç`=û` µ` "ÃaÂ`µ``±û` Ç`=a km =a;kL;± m =a p+q

2'2
'2=1.4142y '2 1.4 1.41 1.414 1.4142 y
1.4 1.41 1.414 1.4142
2 2 2 2 y
'2
2
a>0 x aÅ`

19
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(2'2)â` 1 {;2!;}ÑÝ` 16 3ÑÛ` ;9!; 8â`+{;4!;}ÑÛ` 17

1
aâ`=1 aÑÇ`=
aÇ`

10
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(2;4#;)Û`_2;2#; 8 5;3$;_25-;6!; 5 '3Ö(3;4!;)ß` ;3!;

;4#; -;3*; -:Á2°: ;5*;

'3Œ2ÖÝ'4 4 [{;4!;} ] 16 [{;2!;} ] 4096

11 a>0 'a_Ü'a a;6%; a>0 n 2

Ç 'a=a;n!;

12
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'3 '1Œ2 3'5 '5
(4 ) 4096 5 Ö5 52'5

'2('2+1) 2-'2
3 _3 81 5'3_51-'3_3p_32-p 45

20
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-;3!; ;2#; ;2!;

4;3@;Ö24;3!;_18;3@; [{;1ª2¦5;} ] _{:ª5¦:} (5'2Ö2'6)'2_4'3

4;3@;Ö24;3!;_18;3@;=(2Û`);3@;Ö(2Ü`_3);3!;_(2_3Û`);3@;=2;3$;Ö(2_3;3!;)_(2;3@;_3;3$;)

=2;3$;-1+;3@;_3-;3!;+;3$;=2_3=6
-;2#;
-;3!; ;2#; ;2!; -;3!; ;2#;
3Ü` ;2!; -;2#;
3Ü` ;2!; 3 3;2#;
[{;1ª2¦5;} ] _{:ª5¦:} = [{;5#;}3`] _{ } ={;5#;} _{ } = _
5 5 5 -;2#;
5;2!;
3-;2#;_3;2#; 3â`
= = =5
5-;2#;_5;2!; 5ÑÚ`
5'2 '2 5Û`
(5'2Ö2'6)'2_4'3={ } _(2Û`)'3= 2'3 _22'3=25
2'6 2

06
k

"Ã2 Ü'4 Ý'8=2û` Á°a a'a_"ÅÝ'a=aû` a>0 a+1

"Ã2 Ü'4 Ý'8=(2_4;3!;_8;4!;);2!;=(2_2;3@;_2;4#;);2!;=(21+;3@;+;4#;);2!;=(2;1@2(;);2!;=2;2@4(; k=;2@4(;

Á°a"Ãa'a_"ÃÝ'a={a_(a_a;2!;);2!;};2!;_(a;4!;);2!;={a_(a;2#;);2!;};2!;_a;8!;=(a_a;4#;);2!;_a;8!;

=(a;4&;);2!;_a;8!;=a;8&;_a;8!;=aÚ` k=1

KEY
Point a>0 Ç "aµ``=a;;n;M;

13
-;3!; ;2#; ;2!;
8;4!;_32-;2!;Ö2-;4#; ;2!; [{;2ª1¦6;} ] _{:ª6¦:} 6

32+2'2Ö32'2-1-{(-3)ß`};3!; 18

14 Ü"ÅaÛ`ÖÝ'a_Ú`'
Û a=aû` k a>0 a+1 ;2!;

4
15 Ü®É4'4_
Ý'4
=2û` k ;2#;

21
 07
2ß`=a 3Þ`=b a b

6Ú`Ú` 18Þ`

2ß`=a 2=a;6!; 3Þ`=b 3=b;5!;

6Ú`Ú`=(2_3)Ú`Ú`=2Ú`Ú`_3Ú`Ú`=(a;6!;)Ú`Ú` (b;5!;)Ú`Ú`=a:Á6Á: b:Á5Á:
18Þ`=(2_3Û`)Þ`=2Þ`_3Ú`â`=(a;6!;)Þ` (b;5!;)Ú`â`=a;6%; bÛ`

08

(a+bÑÚ`)Ö(a;3!;+b-;3!;) a>0 b>0

(x;4!;+y-;4!;)(x;4!;-y-;4!;)(x;2!;+y-;2!;) x>0 y>0

(A+B)(A-B)=AÛ`-BÛ` (A+B)(AÛ`-AB+BÛ`)=AÜ`+BÜ`

(a+bÑÚ`)Ö(a;3!;+b-;3!;)={(a;3!;)Ü`+(b-;3!;)Ü`}Ö(a;3!;+b-;3!;)
(a;3!;+b-;3!; (a;3@;-a;3!; b-;3!;+b-;3@;)
= =a;3@;-a;3!; b-;3!;+b-;3@;
;3!; -;3!;
a +b
;4!; -;4!; ;4!; -;4!; ;2!; -;2!;
(x +y )(x -y )(x +y )={(x;4!;)Û`-(y-;4!;)Û`}(x;2!;+y-;2!;)
=(x;2!;-y-;2!;)(x;2!;+y-;2!;)=(x;2!;)Û`-(y-;2!;)Û`=x-yÑÚ`
1
=x-
y

KEY
Point a>0 b>0 p q
(a¹`+bÏ`)(a¹`-bÏ`)=a2p-b2q
(a¹`ÑbÏ`)Û`=a2pÑ2apbq+b2q
(a¹`ÑbÏ`)(a2pÐapbq+b2q)=a3pÑb3q

16 2Ü`=a 3Ý`=b 12¡` a b a:Á3¤:bÛ`

17 a=Ü'6 b='7 á'4Œ2 a b a;3!;b;9@;

18 a>0 b>0)

(a;3!;-b;3!;)(a;3@;+a;3!; b;3!;+b;3@;) a-b (3;2!;+1)(3;2!;-1)(8;3!;+1)(8;3!;-1) 6

22
 `
09
x;2!;+x-;2!;=3 x>0)

x+xÑÚ` xÛ`+xÑÛ` x;2#;+x-;2#;

x;2!;+x-;2!;=3
(x;2!;+x-;2!;)Û`=3Û` x+2+xÑÚ`=9 x+xÑÚ`=7
x+xÑÚ`=7
(x+xÑÚ`)Û`=7Û` xÛ`+2+xÑÛ`=49 xÛ`+xÑÛ`=47
;2!; -;2!;
x +x =3
;2!; -;2!;
(x +x )Ü`=3Ü` x;2#;+3x´x-;2!;+3x;2!;´xÑÚ`+x-;2#;=27 x;2#;+x-;2#;+3(x;2!;+x-;2!;)=27
x;2#;+x-;2#;+3´3=27 x;2#;+x-;2#;=18

10 `

a=2;3!;+2-;3!; 2aÜ`-6a+5

a=2;3!;+2-;3!;

aÜ`=(2;3!;+2-;3!;)Ü`=2+3´2;3@;´2-;3!;+3´2;3!;´2-;3@;+2ÑÚ`=;2%;+3(2;3!;+2-;3!;)=;2%;+3a

aÜ`-3a=;2%;

2aÜ`-6a+5=2(aÜ`-3a)+5=2´;2%;+5=10

KEY
Point x>0
x+xÑÚ`=(x;2!;+x-;2!;)Û`-2 xÛ`+xÑÛ`=(x+xÑÚ`)Û`-2
x;2#;+x-;2#;=(x;2!;+x-;2!;)Ü`-3(x;2!;+x-;2!;) (x;2!;-x-;2!;)Û`=(x;2!;+x-;2!;)Û`-4

19 x;2!;-x-;2!;=1 xÜ`+xÑÜ` x>0 18

a;2#;+a-;2#;+2
20 a;2!;+a-;2!;=4
aÛ`+aÑÛ`+3
a>0 ;1°9¢7;

21 x=4;3!;+2;3!; xÜ`-6x 6

23
 aÅ` -aÑÅ `
11 aÅ` +aÑÅ `

aÛ`Å`=5 a>0

aÅ`-aÑÅ` aÜ`Å`+aÑÜ`Å`
aÅ`+aÑÅ` aÅ`+aÑÅ`

aÑÅ` aÅ` aÛ`Å`

aÅ`
aÅ` -aÑÅ` aÅ ` (aÅ ` -aÑÅ ` ) aÛ`Å` -1 5-1
= = = =;6$;=;3@;
aÅ` +aÑÅ` aÅ` (aÅ` +aÑÅ` ) aÛ`Å` +1 5+1

aÜ`Å` +aÑÜ`Å` aÅ` (aÜ`Å` +aÑÜ`Å` ) aÝ`Å` +aÑÛ`Å` (aÛ`Å` )Û`+(aÛ`Å` )ÑÚ` 5Û`+;5!;
= = = = =;;ª5Á;;
aÅ` +aÑÅ` aÅ` (aÅ` +aÑÅ` ) aÛ`Å` +1 aÛ`Å` +1 5+1

12
13Å`=27 117´`=81 ;[#;-;]$;

aÅ` =b HjK (aÅ` );[!;=b;[!; HjK a=b;[!; a>0 b>0 x+0

13Å` =27 13=27;[!;=(3Ü`);[!;=3;[#; yy

;]!; ;]!; ;]$;
117´`=81 117=81 =(3Ý`) =3 yy
;[#; ;]$;
Ö ;1Á1£7;=3 Ö3

;9!;=3;[#;-;]$; 3ÑÛ`=3;[#;-;]$; ;[#;-;]$;=-2

KEY
Point aÛ`Å` aÛ`Å`

xÜ`-xÑÜ`
22 xÑÛ`=6
x+xÑÚ`
x+0 -:ª4Á2°:

27Å`-27ÑÅ`
23 9Å`=2
3Å`+3ÑÅ`
;6&;

aÅ`+aÑÅ`
24 aÅ`-aÑÅ`
=2 aÅ` a>0 '3

25 4Å`=9´`=6½` ;[!;+;]!;-;z@; xyz+0 0

24
STEP 1
1
Ý'2¶56=64 Ý®É;8Á1;=-3` ܾ¨{;2Á7;}2`=-;9!;

✔ -Ü'Ä-0.008=0.2 -ß"Ã(-3)ß`=3
-Ü'Ä-0.008=-Ü"Ã(-0.2)Ü`=-(-0.2)=0.2

2
Ü'¶16
Ü'2¶ 5_Ü'5=5 Þ'Ä-32=-2 =2
Ü'2
ß'2Œ7_Ú`Û'9
Ý"ÃÜ'1¶ 6=Ü'2 ✔ =3
ß'8Œ1
ß'2Œ7_Ú`Û'9
=ß"Å3Ü`_Ú`Û"Å3Û`Öß"Å3Ý`=3;2!;_3;6!;Ö3;3@;=3;2!;+;6!;-;3@;=3â`=1
ß'8Œ1

3
Ü"Å2ß`ÖÞ"32Û`+2 Ü"Ã'6Œ4 5

16Û`+4Þ`
¾¨ ;2!;
8Ý`+4Þ`
Ý"Ã81a'aÖ¡"aÜ` a>0 3

;2!; ß'4+Ü'¶16+Ü®É-;4!; 2;3$;

(a'3)2'3ÖaÜ`_(Ü'a)ß` a>0) aÞ`

4 A="Ã2 '
Ü 3 B=Ü"3Ã '2 C=Ü"2Ã '3 a>0 b>0
a>b HjK Ç 'a>Ç 'b
A<B<C A<C<B B<A<C
B<C<A ✔ C<B<A
A=ß'2Œ4, B=ß'1Œ8, C=ß'1Œ2
C<B<A

5 '2_Ü'3_Ý'4_ß'6=2Œ`_3º`
;2!; ;3!; ;4!; ;6!; ;6&; ;2!;
a b a+b ;3%;

'2_Ü'3_Ý'4_ß'6=2 _3 _4 _6 =2 _3
a=;6&;, b=;2!; a+b=;3%;

1
6 (9_Ü'3)Ü`_(3Û`);5*;_
Þ"Å9Ü`
=3û` k

6 7 8 ✔ 9 10
1
;5*;
(9_Ü'3)Ü`_(3Û`) _ =(3Û`_3;3!;)Ü`_3;;Á5¤;;_{(3Û`);5#;}ÑÚ`=39
Þ"Å9Ü`
k=9

25
7 Ü"ÅaÛ`=ÝÁ°a"aû`
;3@;
k
;2K; ;4!;
2+k
;4!;
2+k
a>0 a+1 :Á3¼:

Ü"ÅaÛ`=Ý"Ãa"Åaû` Ü"ÅaÛ`=a Ý"Ãa"Åaû`=(a_a ) =(a 2 ) =a 8

;3@; 2+k 2+k

a =a 8 ;3@;= k=:Á3¼:
8

8 ÜÚÞa Á°a "

Ý a '
Ü a=aû` k a>0 a+1

;9!; ;9@; ;3!; ;9$; ✔ ;9%;

1
ÜÚÞaÁ°a Ý"Ãa Ü'a=[a_{a_(a_a 3 );4!;};2!;];3!;=a;9%;
k=;9%;

STEP 2
9 8 a -64 b a n

a+b x x -8 n
a>0 Ç 'a -Ç 'a
Ü'8=Ü"Å2Ü`=2 a=2
Ü'Ä-64=Ü"Ã(-4)Ü`=-4 b=-4 a<0
a+b=2+(-4)=-2 n Ç 'a
x=(a+b)Ü`=(-2)Ü`=-8

10 a n
HjK xÇ`=a x

'¶16 Ñ2
Ü'Ä-64=-8
-49 Ñ7
n`(n¾2) 5 n 1
-5 -Ü'5

5 n x xÇ`=5
n`(n¾2) xÇ`=5 x x=Ç '5 1
-5 Ü'¶-5 Ü'¶-5=-Ü'5

1 ;3{;
11 2Å`=3 { }
8
;3!; a x
1
;3{; 1 aÑÅ` =
{;8!;} =(2ÑÜ`);3{;=2ÑÅ`= =;3!; aÅ`
2Å`

12 (Ü"Å3Ý`);3!; n n
;3!;
x
10 {(Ü"3Ý`) }Ç` =x
(Ü"Å3Ý`);3!; x n x={(Ü"Å3Ý`);3!;}Ç`=3;9$;n ;9$;n
n(n¾2) 9 n 18 27 36 y 90 99 10

13 30ÉaÉ40 150ÉbÉ294 'a+Ü'b

a b a+b 252
a b 'a+Ü'b 'a Ü'b a b

30ÉaÉ40 a=6Û`=36
150ÉbÉ294 b=6Ü`=216
a+b=36+216=252

26
 a
14 ྨ'a_Ý®É
Ü"aÛ`
=aû` k a>0 a+1 ;1Á2;

a 1
ྨ'a_Ý®É ={a;2!;_(aÖa;3@;);4!;};7!;=a 12
Ü"ÅaÛ`
k=;1Á2;

a;2#;-a-;2#;+9
15 a;2!;-a-;2!;=3
a+aÑÚ`+4
a>0) 3

a;2!;-a-;2!;=3 a;2#;-a-;2#;=36 yy
;2!; -;2!;
a -a =3 a+aÑÚ`=11yy
a;2#;-a-;2#;+9 36+9
= =3
a+aÑÚ`+4 11+4

16 x=Ü'9-Ü'3 2xÜ`+18x-5 7
x=Ü'9-Ü'3 xÜ`=(Ü'9-Ü'3)Ü`=6-9x
xÜ`+9x=6
2xÜ`+18x-5=2(xÜ`+9x)-5=7

aÛ`+aÝ`+aß`+a¡`+aÚ`â`
17 a+0
aÑÚ`+aÑÜ`+aÑÞ`+aÑà`+aÑá`

aÚ`â` ✔ aÚ`Ú` aÚ`Û` aÚ`Ü` aÚ`Ý`

, aÚ`Ú`
aÛ`+aÝ`+aß`+a¡`+aÚ`â` aÚ`Ú`(aÛ`+aÝ`+aß`+a¡`+aÚ`â`) aÚ`Ú`(aÛ`+aÝ`+aß`+a¡`+aÚ`â`)
= = =aÚ`Ú`
aÑÚ`+aÑÜ`+aÑÞ`+aÑà`+aÑá` aÚ`Ú`(aÑÚ`+aÑÜ`+aÑÞ`+aÑà`+aÑá`) aÚ`â`+a¡`+aß`+aÝ`+aÛ`

18 (a+b)Ü`
=aÜ`+3aÛ`b+3abÛ`+bÜ`
2Å`+2ÑÅ`=4 8Å`+8ÑÅ` 52

3Å` 3Û`Å`
29Å`=2 (4_29)´`=2Û` 2;[!;-;]@; ;4!;

3Ü`Å`+3ÑÜ`Å`
3Û`Å`='2-1 2'2-1
3Å`+3ÑÅ`
8Å`+8ÑÅ` =52
29=2;[!; yy 4_29=2;]@; yy
;[!; ;]@; ;[!;-;]@;
Ö 2 Ö2 =;4!; 2 =;4!;
34x+3ÑÛ`Å` (3Û`Å` )Û`+(3Û`Å`)ÑÚ`
, 3Å` = =2'2-1
3Û`Å` +1 32x+1

19 2Å`=5´`=10½` xy-yz-zx xyz+0 0 aÅ`=k HjK a=k;[!;

2Å`=5´`=10½`=k (k>0) 2=k;[!; yy 5=k;]!; yy 10=k;z!; yy a>0 k>0 x+0
;[!;+;]!;-;z!;
_ Ö k =1 ;[!;+;]!;-;z!;=0
yz+zx-xy =0 yz+zx-xy=0 xy-yz-zx=0
xyz

20 5Å`=80´`=a½`=10 ;[!;+;]!;-;z!;=2 a 4

5=10;[!; yy 80=10;]!; yy a=10;z!; yy

400
_ Ö =10;[!;+;]!;-;z!;
a
400
=10Û` { ;[!;+;]!;-;z!;=2} a=4
a

27
21
1 1 1 1 1 1
(x a-b ) b-c ´(x b-c ) c-a ´(x c-a ) a-b
x>0 a+b b+c c+a) 1
(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)

1 1 1 (c-a)+(a-b)+(b-c)
+ + = =0
(a-b)(b-c) (b-c)(c-a) (c-a)(a-b) (a-b)(b-c)(c-a)
1 1 1
x (a-b)(b-c) + (b-c)(c-a) + (c-a)(a-b) =xâ`=1

22 a b c aß`=5 bÞ`=7 cÛ`=11 (abc)Ç` m p q r

m m m
n 30
p q r
;6!; ;5!; ;2!;
a=5 b=7 c=11
1 n
(abc)Ç`=(5 6 _7;5!;_11;2!;)Ç`=5 6 _7;5N;_11;2N; m p q r
;6N; ;5N; ;2N;
(abc)Ç` 5 _7 _11 ;6N; ;5N; ;2N;
n 6 5 2 30

23 xÛ`-6x+2=0 2a 2b 8a+8b
180

2a+2b=6 2a´2b=2
8a+8b=(2a)3+(2b)3
=(2a+2b)3-3´2a´2b(2a+2b)
=63-3´2´6=180

a6x+a-6x`
24 aÝ`Å`='2+1
a2x+a-2x
a>0 2'2-1

a6x+a-6x (a2x)Ü`+(a-2x)Ü` (a2x+a-2x)(a4x-a2x´a-2x+a-4x)

= = =a4x-1+a-4x
a2x+a-2x a2x+a-2x a2x+a-2x
1 1
=('2+1)-1+ ='2+ ='2+('2-1)=2'2-1
'2+1 '2+1

aÅ`-aÑÅ``
25 f(x)=
aÅ`+aÑÅ`
f(p)=;2!; f(q)=;3!; f(p+q)

a a>0) ;7%;
aÅ` (aÅ` -aÑÅ` ) a2x-1
f(x)= = 2x
aÅ` (aÅ` +aÑÅ` ) a +1
a2p-1 a2q-1
f(p)= 2p =;2!; a2p=3 f(q)= 2q =;3!; a2q=2
a +1 a +1
2(p+q)
a -1 aÛ`¹`_aÛ`Ï`-1 3_2-1
f(p+q)= 2(p+q) = = =;7%;
a +1 aÛ`¹`_aÛ`Ï`+1 3_2+1

26 x y z a 1

2a
16Å` =9´`=48½` +;]!;=;z@;
x

16Å`=9´`=48½`=k (k>0) 16=k;[!; 9=k;]!; 48=k;z!;

2a 2a
+;]! ; ;z@ ;
2a
+;]!;=;z@; k x =k k x _k;]!;=k;z@;
x
16Û`Œ`_9=48Û` 2¡`Œ`=2¡`
8a=8 a=1

28
 01
1. 1
a>0 a+1 N aÅ`=N x x
logΠN a N N logΠN

a>0 a+1 N>0 aÅ`=N HjjK x=logŒ N

log logarithm

2Å`=8 x x=3 2Å` =5 x

x=logª`5

2Å`=8 x x=logª`8 logª`8=3

3Û`=9 HjK 2=log£`9 9;2!;=3 HjK ;2!;=log»`3

2. logŒ`N 2

logŒ`N
a>0, a+1 N>0

a>0 a+1 1
Ú a<0 logЪ`3=x (-2)Å`=3
x (-2)Å` 3 a<0
Û a=0 log¼`3=x 0Å`=3
x 0Å` 3 a=0
Ü a=1 logÁ`3=x 1Å`=3
x 1Å` 3 a=1
Ú Ü logŒ`N a 1
N>0
log£ (-4)=x 3Å`=-4 log£`0=x 3Å`=0
3Å` 3Å`=-4 3Å`=0 x log£ (-4) log£`0

log®ÐÁ`(4-x) x
>0 +1 x-1>0 x-1+1 x>1 x+2 yy
>0 4-x>0 x<4 yy
1<x<2 2<x<4

30
26 x=logŒ`N
aÅ` =N HjK x=logŒ`N
4Û`=16 2=log¢`16 10ÑÜ`=0.001 4â`=1 0=log¢`1 a>0 a+1 N>0
-3=logÁ¼`0.001
5Ú`=5 1=log°`5 5;2!;='5 ;2!;=log°`'5 ('3)Ý`=9 4=log'3`9

27 aÅ`=N

log£`81=4` 3Ý`=81 log'2`4=4 ('2)Ý`=4

Ü`
log;3!;`;2Á7;=3 {;3!;} =;2Á7; log°`1=0 5â`=1

28
logª`16` 4 log;3!;`27 -3 log¢`64 3 log;3!;`81 -4

29 N

log£`N=-2` ;9!; log;4!;`N=3 ;6Á4;

logª`N=1 2 log¤`N=0 1

30 x

logª`(x+4) x>-4 log®`5 x>0 x+1

31
 01
x

log®`9=2 logÁ¤`x=;2!; log'2`16=x

log;4!;`xÝ`=0 log®`27=-;2#; log¢(logÁ¤`x)=-1

log®`9=2 xÛ`=9 x>0 x=3

logÁ¤`x=;2!; x=16;2!;=(4Û`);2!;=4

log'2`16=x ('2)Å`=16 2;2{;=16 ;2{;=4 x=8

log;4!;`xÝ`=0 xÝ`={;4!;}`=1 xÝ`-1=0 (x+1)(x-1)(xÛ`+1)=0 x=Ñ1

1
log®`27=-;2#; x-;2#;=27=3Ü` x=(3Ü`)-;3@;=3ÑÛ`= =;9!;
3Û`

log¢(logÁ¤`x)=-1 4ÑÚ`=logÁ¤`x ;4!;=logÁ¤`x x=16;4!;=(2Ý`);4!;=2

02
x

log¢(x-2)Û`` logx-3(-xÛ`+5x-4)

logŒ`N a>0, a+1, N>0

(x-2)Û`>0 x+2
x-3>0 x-3+1 x>3 x+4 yy
-xÛ`+5x-4>0
xÛ`-5x+4<0 (x-1)(x-4)<0 1<x<4 yy
3<x<4

KEY
Point aÅ`=N HjK x=logŒ`N
a>0, a+1, N>0

31 x

log¥`0.25=x -;3@; log0.1`0.001=x 3 log®`81=-;3$; ;2Á7;

log 1 `x=-2 2 log¢{log£(logª`x)}=0 8

'2

32 logŒ`27=-2 log'3`b=3 ab 1

33 logx-2(-xÛ`+8x-7) x 15

32
02
1. 3, 4

a>0 a+1 x>0 y>0

logŒ`1=0, logŒ`a=1 logŒ`xy=logŒ`x+logŒ`y

logŒ`;]{;=logŒ`x-logŒ`y logŒ`xÇ`=n`logŒ`x n

aâ`=1 aÚ`=a logŒ`1=0 logŒ`a=1

logŒ`x=m logŒ`y=n
x=am y=aÇ` xy=aman=am+n

logŒ`xy=m+n=logŒ`x+logŒ`y
logŒ`x=m logŒ`y=n
am
x=am y=an ;]{;= =am-n
aÇ`

logŒ`;]{;=m-n=logŒ`x-logŒ`y

logŒ`x=m
x=aµ``` xÇ`=(aµ```)Ç`=amn

logŒ`xÇ`=mn=(logŒ`x)n=n`logŒ`x

logÁ¼`1=0 log£`3=1
logª`15=logª(3_5)=logª`3+logª`5

logª`;3%;=logª`5-logª`3

log£`4=log£`2Û`=2`log£`2

logÁ`1=1
1
logÁ`1=0
logŒ(x+y)=logŒ`x+logŒ`y
logŒ`xy=logŒ`x+logŒ`y
(logŒ`x)(logŒ`y)=logŒ`x+logŒ`y
logŒ`x
=logŒ`x-logŒ`y logŒ`;]{;=logŒ`x-logŒ`y
logŒ`y
(logŒ`x)Ç`=n`logŒ`x logŒ`xÇ`=n`logŒ`x

33
 2. 5, 6, 8
logŒ`b a a

a>0 a+1 b>0

log`b 1
logŒ`b= , c>0, c+1 logŒ`b= , b+1
log`a logº`a

logŒ`b=x log`a=y b=aÅ` a=c´` b=aÅ`=(c´`)Å`=cxy

xy=log`b (logŒ`b)(log`a)=log`b
log`b
a+1 log`a+0 log`a logŒ`b=
log`a
logº`b 1
c=b logŒ`b= =
logº`a logº`a

log£`4 1
log°`4= logª`5=
log£`5 log°`2

3. 5, 6

a>0 a+1 b>0 b+1 c>0 c+1

(logŒ`b)(logº`a)=1, (logŒ`b)(logº`c)(log`a)=1
n
logaµ```bÇ`= `logŒ`b , m+0 alogŒ`b=b alog`b=blog`a
m

x y a`(a+1) x=y logŒ`x=logŒ`y

x`(x>0 x+1)
log®`b log®`c log®`a
(logŒ`b)(logº`c)(log`a)= _ _ =1
log®`a log®`b log®`c
logŒ`bÇ` n`logŒ`b n
logaµ```bÇ`= = = `logŒ`b
logŒ`am m`logŒ`a m
alogŒ`b a logŒ`alogŒ`b=(logŒ`b)(logŒ`a)=logŒ`b
logŒ`alogŒ`b=logŒ`b alogŒ`b=b
log`b
a c log`alogŒ`b=(log`b)(log`a)=(log`a)(log`b)=log`blog`a`
log`alogŒ`b=log`blog`a alogŒ`b=blog`a

(logª`3)(log£`2)=1 (logª`3)(log£`4)(log¢`2)=1

log2Û``3Þ`=;2%;`logª`3 10logÁ¼`2=2 3log¢`5=5log¢`3

n nÉlogŒ`N<n+1
logŒ`N ` `n logŒ`N ` `logŒ`N-n
logª`4=2 logª`8=3 2<logª`7<3
logª`7 =2 logª`7 =logª`7-2

34
34
log°`5 1 log£`1 0 log¢`4 1 log;2!;`1 0

35
log¢`8+log¢`2 2 logÁ¼`50-logÁ¼`5 1 log£`;4#;+log£`12 2

36 logÁ¼`2=a logÁ¼`3=b a b
logÁ¼`2 logÁ¼`3
logÁ¼`6 a+b logÁ¼`18 a+2b logÁ¼`5 1-a logÁ¼`;8(; 2b-3a

37
logÁ¤`8 ;4#; logÁ¼¼¼`;1Á0; -;3!; 2logª`5 5 4logª`9 81

38 10

logÁ¼`2 3`logÁ¼`2 2
log¦`2 logÁ¼`7
log£`8 logÁ¼`3
log£`100 logÁ¼`3

35
 03

log£`27'3 log;3!;`'3

log£`27'3=log£`(3Ü`_3;2!;)=log£`3;2&;=;2&;`log£`3=;2&;
;2!; -;2!;
log;3!;`'3=log;3!;`3;2!;=log;3!; [{;3!;}ÑÚ`] =log;3!; {;3!;} =-;2!;`log;3!;`;3!;=-;2!;

04

log¦`25+2`log¦`;5!; ;3!;`logª`32+logª`Ü'2

log£`2-2`log£`6+2`log£`'1Œ8 logÁ¼`;4!;-logÁ¼`9-2`logÁ¼`;3%;

log¦`25+2`log¦`;5!;=log¦`5Û`+2`log¦`5ÑÚ`=2`log¦`5-2`log¦`5=0
1
`logª`32+logª`Ü'2=logª`32;3!;+logª`2;3!;=logª(32;3!;_2;3!;)=logª(2;3%;_2;3!;)=logª`2Û`=2`logª`2
3
=2
log£`2-2`log£`6+2`log£`'1Œ8=log£`2-log£`6Û`+log£('1Œ8)Û`=log£`(2Ö36_18)=log£`1=0
5
logÁ¼`;4!;-logÁ¼`9-2`logÁ¼`;3%;=logÁ¼`;4!;-logÁ¼`9-logÁ¼`{;3%;}2`=logÁ¼`[;4!;Ö9Ö{ }2`]
3
9
=logÁ¼`{;4!;_;9!;_ }=logÁ¼`;10!0;=logÁ¼`10ÑÛ`
25
=-2`logÁ¼`10=-2

KEY
Point a>0, a+1, x>0, y>0
logŒ`1=0, logŒ`a=1 logŒ`xy=logŒ`x+logŒ`y
logŒ`;]{;=logŒ`x-logŒ`y loga`xÇ`=n`logŒ`x` n

39
1
logª`16'2 ;2(; logŒ` a>0 a+1 -2
aÛ`

40
;2!;`logª`;4»9;-logª`;1£4; 1 ;2!;`logª`3+3`logª`'2-logª`'6 1

2`logÁ¼`;3%;-logÁ¼`;4&;+2`logÁ¼`3+;2!;`logÁ¼`49 2

3`log°`Ü'2+log°`'1Œ0-;2!;`log°`8 ;2!;

36
 05

(log£`2+logª¦`4)(logÁ¤`9+log£ª`81) 32`log£`4+log£`5-3`log£`2
8logª`3-9log£`'1Œ0 (logª`3)(log£`5)(log°`2)

(log£`2+logª¦`4)(logÁ¤`9+log£ª`81)=(log£`2+log3Ü``2Û`)(log2Ý``3Û`+log2Þ``3Ý`)
1
={log£`2+;3@;`log£`2}{ `logª`3+;5$;`logª`3}
2
13
=;3%;`log£`2_;1!0#;`logª`3= `log£`2_logª`3=:Á6£:
6
16_5
2`log£`4+log£`5-3`log£`2=log£`4Û`+log£`5-log£`2Ü`=log£` =log£`10
8
32`log£`4+log£`5-3`log£`2=3log£`10=10
8logª`3-9log£`'1Œ0=3logª`8-('1Œ0)log£`9=3Ü`-('1Œ0)Û`=27-10=17
logÁ¼`3 logÁ¼`5 logÁ¼`2
(logª`3)(log£`5)(log°`2)= _ _ =1
logÁ¼`2 logÁ¼`3 logÁ¼`5

06
x y z logª`x+2`log¢`y+3`log¥`z=1 , {(2Å`)´`}½`

logª`x+2`log¢`y+3`log¥`z=1 logª`x+2`log2Û``y+3`log2Ü``z=1

logª`x+2_;2!;`logª`y+3_;3!;`logª`z=1 logª`x+logª`y+logª`z=1

logª`xyz=1 xyz=2
xyz
{(2Å`)´`}½`=2 =2Û`=4

KEY
Point
log`b 1
logŒ`b= log`a , logŒ`b=
logº`a
n
logaµ```bÇ` = `logŒ`b m+0
m
(logŒ`b)(logº`a)=1 (logŒ`b)(logº`c)(log`a)=1
alogŒ`b=b, alog`b=blog`a

41
(logª`3+log¥`9)(log»`2+logª¦`16) ;1%8%; 52`log°`4-3`log°`2 2
logª`7 log£`2
4 +27 57 (logª`3)(log£`5)(log°`6)(log¤`8) 3

42
(logª`3)(log¢`x)=log¢`3 x 2

aÛ`bÜ`=1 , logŒ`aÜ`bÛ` a>0 a+1 b>0 ;3%;

(logª`3+2`log¢`5)log'1Œ5`a=6 a a>0) 8

37
 - logŒ`b=c
07

logÁ¼`2=a, logÁ¼`3=b , logÁ¼`1.08 a, b

logª`3=a, logª`7=b , log¢ª`56 a, b

108
logÁ¼`1.08=logÁ¼` =logÁ¼`108-logÁ¼`100=logÁ¼ (2Û`_3Ü`)-logÁ¼`10Û`
100
=logÁ¼`2Û`+logÁ¼`3Ü`-2
=2`logÁ¼`2+3`logÁ¼`3-2=2a+3b-2
logª`56 logª`(2Ü`_7) logª`2Ü`+logª`7 3+b
log¢ª`56= = = =
logª`42 logª`(2_3_7) logª`2+logª`3+logª`7 1+a+b

- aÅ` =b
08
10Å`=a 10´`=b 10½`=c x y z , xyz+0

logŒ`b logŒº`cÛ` log'b`c

10 10

10Å`=a 10´`=b 10½`=c x=logÁ¼`a y=logÁ¼`b z=logÁ¼`c

logÁ¼`b y
logŒ`b= =
logÁ¼`a x
logÁ¼`cÛ` 2`logÁ¼`c 2z
logŒº`cÛ`= = =
logÁ¼`ab logÁ¼`a+logÁ¼`b x+y
logÁ¼`c logÁ¼`c z 2z
log'b`c= = = =
logÁ¼`'b ;2!;`logÁ¼`b ;2!; y y

KEY
Point

43 logÁ¼`2=a logÁ¼`3=b , a b

logÁ¼`25 2(1-a) logÁ¼`0.72 logÁ¼`;1Á5; a-b-1 logÁ¼`'¶30 ;2!;(b+1)

3a+2b-2

44 log£`a=x log£`b=y , logaÜ``Ý"a

 `Ü b x y a>0 a+1 b>0
3x+y
38 12x
 09
25Å`=4´`=10 ;[!;+;]!;

25Å`=10 x=logª°`10 4´`=10 y=log¢`10

1 1
;[!;= =logÁ¼`25 ;]!;= =logÁ¼`4
logª°`10 log¢`10
;[!;+;]!;=logÁ¼`25+logÁ¼`4=logÁ¼ (25_4)=logÁ¼`100=logÁ¼`10Û`=2

25Å`=10 25=10;[!; yy
;]!;
4´`=10 4=10 yy
_

100=10;[!;_10;]!;

100=10;[!;+;]!; ;[!;+;]!;=2

10
xÛ`-5x+5=0 a, b a=a-b
logŒ`a+logŒ`b a>b)

xÛ`-5x+5=0 a, b
a+b=5 ab=5
(a-b)Û`=(a+b)Û`-4ab=5Û`-4_5=5
a-b='5 a>b a='5
logŒ`a+logŒ`b=logŒ`ab=log'5`5=log'5`('5)Û`=2

KEY
Point aÅ`=b´`=k
x, y

45 32Å`=243´`=216 ;[!;+;]!; ;3%;

46 xÛ`-9x+3=0 a b log£ (aÑÚ`+bÑÚ`) 1

47 xÛ`-5x+3=0 logÁ¼`a logÁ¼`b loga`b+logb`a

:Á3»:

39
 11
A=21+logª`4 B=log£`81'3 C=2`log¢`64'8

A<C<B B<A<C B<C<A

C<A<B C<B<A

A=21+logª`4=21+2=2Ü`=8

B=log£`81'3=log£ (3Ý`_3;2!;)=log£`34+;2!;=log£`3;2(;=;2(;

C=2`log¢`64'8=2`log2Û` (2ß`_2;2#;)=logª`26+;2#;=logª`2:Á2°:=:Á2°:

;2(;<:Á2°:<8 B<C<A

12
logª`7 a b 4(3Œ`+2º`)

logª`7= + =logª`7-

logª`4=2 logª`8=3 2<logª`7<3

logª`7 2 a=2
logª`7 2

logª`7-2=logª`7-logª`2Û`=logª`;4&; b=logª`;4&;

4(3Œ`+2º`)=4(3Û`+2logª`;4&;)=4{9+;4&;}=43

KEY
Point n nÉlogŒ`N<n+1 (a>0 a+1 N>0)
logŒ`N n logŒ`N logŒ`N-n

48 A=;3!;`log;4!;`8 B=8log `16 C=;7!;`logª¦`3'3

;8!;
A<B<C

49 log°`100 a b 4Œ`+4;b!; 21

40
STEP 1
27
log;2!;`4=2 ✔ logÁ¼`Ý'Ä0.001=-;4#;

log»`3+log»`27=3 logÁ¼`12-logÁ¼`2=1

log'3`;9!;=4
;4!;
1 1 3
logÁ¼`Ý'Ä0.001=logÁ¼`{ } = `logÁ¼`10ÑÜ`=-
1000 4 4

2
28 a=
'3-1
log£ (aÜ`-1)-log£ (aÛ`+a+1) ;2!; xÜ`-1
=(x-1)(xÛ`+x+1)
a='3+1
aÜ`-1
log£(aÜ`-1)-log£(aÛ`+a+1)=log£` =log£(a-1)=log£`'3=;2!;
aÛ`+a+1

29 logaµ```bÇ
n
= `logŒ`b
m
logª(4;4#;_"Å2Þ`);2!; 2 8logª`3-100logÁ¼`5 2
logŒ`xÇ`
(log»`2+log£`4)(logª`3+log¢`9) 5
=n`logŒ`x
'2 alog`b=blog`a
3`logª`Ü'3+;2!;`logª`'2+logª` ;4#; logª(4;4#;_"Å2Þ`);2!;=logª{(2Û`);4#;_2;2%;};2!;=2
3 8logª`3-100logÁ¼`5=3logª`8-5logÁ¼`100=2
(log»`2+log£`4)(logª`3+log¢`9)=(log3Û``2+log£`2Û`)(logª`3+log2Û``3Û`)=5
'2 '2
3`logª`Ü'3+;2!;`logª`'2+logª` =3`logª`3;3!;+;2!;`logª`2;2!;+logª` =;4#;
3 3

30 a=('3)log£`4 b=2logª`3 aÛ`+bÛ` 13

a=('3)log£`4=('3)2`log£`2={('3)Û`}log£`2=3log£`2=2
b=2logª`3=3
aÛ`+bÛ`=2Û`+3Û`=13

31
1 2Û`_3
log°`2=a log°`3=b log°`'¶2.4 a b (2a+b-1) 2.4=
2 5
1 1 1
log°`'¶2.4=log°`2.4;2!;= `log°`2.4=;2!;`log°`:Á5ª:= {log°(2Û`_3)-1}= (2a+b-1)
2 2 2

32 x y 2Å`=3´`=24 (x-3)(y-1)

1 2 ✔ 3 4 5
2Å` =24 x=logª`24 3´`=24 y=log£`24
(x-3)(y-1)=(logª`24-3)(log£`24-1)=(logª`24-logª`8)(log£`24-log£`3)=logª`3_log£`8
logÁ¼`3 logÁ¼`8
= _ =logª`8=3
logÁ¼`2 logÁ¼`3
1
33 A= `log£`'3 B=;6!;`log¢`32 C=logª°`5'5
2

✔ A<B<C A<C<B B<A<C

B<C<A C<A<B
;2#;
A=;2!;`log£`'3=;2!;`log£`3;2!;=;4!; C=logª°`5'5=log5Û``5;2#;= =;4#;
2
B=;6!;`log¢`32=;6!;`log2Û``2Þ`=;6!;_;2%;=;1°2; ;4!;<;1°2;<;4#; A<B<C

41
STEP 2
34 x loga-1(axÛ`-ax+2) a
>0 +1
25 D D<0
a>1 a+2 yy D=aÛ`-8a<0 0<a<8 yy >0
axÛ`-ax+2>0 yy
x 1<a<2 2<a<8

35 a 3 4 5 6 7 25

x=logª(2+'3) 2Å`+2ÑÅ` 4

logª(a+b)=3 logª`a+logª`b=3 (a-b)Û` 32

2
logŒ`x=;4!; logº`x=;5!; log`x=;6!; 30
logŒº`x
2Å`=2+'3 
1
a b c x 1
2Å`+2ÑÅ`=2+'3+ =4
2+'3 log®`a=4 log®`b=5 log®`c=6
a+b=2Ü`=8 logª`ab=3 ab=2Ü`=8 2
=2`log®`abc=2(log®`a+log®`b+log®`c)=30
(a-b)Û`=(a+b)Û`-4ab=8Û`-4_8=32 logŒº`x

36 3.45Å`=100 0.00345´`=100 ;[!;-;]!; aÅ`=b´`=k

x=logŒ`k y=logº`k

1 ✔ ;2#; 2 ;2%; 3
1 3
-;]!;=log100`3.45-log100`0.00345=
x 2

1 1 3
37 5Å`=2´`=(Ü'1Œ0)½` + -
x y z
xyz+0 0

5Å` =2´``=(Ü'¶10)½`=k`(k>0) ;[!;=logû`5 ;]!;=logû`2 ;z!;=;3!;`logû`10

1
+;]!;-;z#;=logû`5+logû`2-3{;3!;`logû`10}=logû`5+logû`2-logû`10=0
x

38 xÛ`-3x+1=0 logÁ¼`a logÁ¼`b

axÛ`+bx+c=0
2`logaÛ``b+ 1 `logb`aÜ` a b
3
a+b=-;aB;
5 6 ✔ 7 8 9
logÁ¼`a+logÁ¼`b=3 (logÁ¼`a)(logÁ¼`b)=1 ab=;aC;
logÁ¼`b logÁ¼`a
2`logaÛ``b+;3!;`logb`aÜ`=loga`b+logb`a= + =7
logÁ¼`a logÁ¼`b
'3

39 A=('3)logª`12-logª`3 B=(4'2)-logª` 3 C=log¢`2+log»`3

A<B<C A<C<B B<A<C

B<C<A ✔ C<A<B
A=('3)logª`12-logª`3=('3)logª`4=('3)2=3 C=log¢`2+log»`3=log2Û``2+log3Û``3=
1
+;2!;=1
'3 3 2
B=(4'2)-logª` 3 =(4'2)logª` '3 =(4'2)logª`'3 ;4%;
;2%; 5
1<3<3 C<A<B
=('3)logª`4'2=('3)logª`2 =('3);2%;=3 4
1
40 logŒ`b=
5
logbÛ``a 2

logŒ`b=;5!; logº`a=5
a>0 a+1 b>0 b+1
logbÛ``a=;2!;`logb`a=;2!;_5=;2%;=2+;2!;
logbÛ``a 2

42
03
1.
10 N logÁ¼`N 10
log`N

log`10Ç`=n`log`10=n

log`10=logÁ¼`10=1 log`1000=logÁ¼`10Ü`=3`logÁ¼`10=3

log`'1Œ0=logÁ¼`10;2!;=;2!;`logÁ¼`10=;2!; log`0.01=logÁ¼`10ÑÛ`=-2`logÁ¼`10=-2`

2.
311 312 0 1 2 3 y 9
0.01 1.00 9.99 y
5.7 7582
y
log`5.73
5.7 3 0.7582
log`5.73=0.7582

7582 0.7582
log`5.73?0.7582 ? =
log`5.73=0.7582

log`5.73=0.7582
log`57.3=log`(10_5.73)=1+log`5.73=1+0.7582=1.7582
log`0.573=log`(10ÑÚ`_5.73)=-1+log`5.73=-1+0.7582=-0.2418

3. 14

N
log`N
log`N=n+log`a (n , 0Élog`a<1)
log`N

43
 735=7.35_10Û` 0.0546=5.46_10ÑÛ` N 10
N=a_10Ç` 1Éa<10 n

log`N=log(a_10Ç )=log`a+log`10Ç =n+log`a

1Éa<10 0Élog`a<1 +0 1
log`N n log`a

log`375=log(3.75_10Û`)=log`3.75+log`10Û`
=2+log`3.75=2+0.5740
log`375 2 0.5740
log`0.0375=log(3.75_10ÑÛ`)=log`3.75+log`10ÑÛ`
=-2+log`3.75=-2+0.5740
log`0.0375 -2 0.5740

4. 14

log`0.00732=-2.1355
0É <1

1 1
log`0.00732=-2.1355=-2-0.1355=(-2-1)+(1-0.1355)=-3+0.8645

log`0.00732 -3 0.8645

0É <1 log`0.00732=-2.1355 -0.1355

5. 15 ~ 19

n n-1
n 0
-n

44
 log`2.75=0.4393
log`27.5=log(10_2.75)=log`10+log`2.75=1+0.4393=1.4393
log`275=log(10Û`_2.75)=log`10Û`+log`2.75=2+0.4393=2.4393
log`0.275=log(10ÑÚ`_2.75)=log`10ÑÚ`+log`2.75=-1+0.4393
log`0.0275=log(10ÑÛ`_2.75)=log`10ÑÛ`+log`2.75=-2+0.4393
0.4393

log`1.09=0.0374
109000 6 log`109000 6-1=5
0.0374
0.00109 0
log`0.00109 -3 0.0374
log`3.25=0.5119
log`N=1.5119 log`N 1 N 2
log`N 0.5119 N 3 2 5
N=32.5
log`M=-2.4881=-3+0.5119 log`M -3 M
0 log`M
0.5119 M 3 2 5
M=0.00325

6. 21, 22

log`A log`B
log`A-log`B=
log`A, log`B 1
log`A+ log`B+
log`A+log`B= log`A+ log`B+

log`A log`B
log`A=m+a log`B=n+a m n 0Éa<1
log`A-log`B=(m+a)-(n+a)=m-n

log`A=m+a`(m 0Éa<1) log`B=n+b`(n 0Éb<1)

a+b=1 a+0 b+0
log`A+log`B=(m+a)+(n+b)=(m+n)+(a+b)=m+n+1
1

45
50 log`10Ç` =n`log`10=n
log`10000 4 log`;10!0; -2 log`0.001 -3

log`Ý"10Ü` ;4#; log`10'1Œ0 ;2#; log`Ü'¶100 ;3@;

51 311 312

log`5.16 0.7126 log`6.68 0.8248 log`2.48 0.3945

52 log`3.62=0.5587 log`362

log`3.62=0.5587

log`362=log(3.62_10 )=log`3.62+log`10
=log`3.62+ = +
=

` `2 ` `0.5587 ` `2.5587

53 0
1

log`4.12=0.6149 log`3625=3.5593
` `0 ` `0.6149 ` `3 ` `0.5593
log`0.8525=-0.0693 log`0.0025=-2.6021
` `-1 ` `0.9307 ` `-3 ` `0.3979

54
log`12345 4 log`19.19 1

log`0.0419 -2 log`1.4 0

46
 13
log`2=0.3010 log`3=0.4771

log`;2%; log`12 log`'5

log`;2%;=log`:Á4¼:=log`10-log`4=1-log`4=1-2`log`2=1-2_0.3010=0.3980

log`12=log(2Û`_3)=2`log`2+log`3=2_0.3010+0.4771=1.0791
;2!; 1
log`'5=log`5;2!;=log`{:Á2¼:} =;2!;`log`:Á2¼:= (log`10-log`2)=;2!;(1-log`2)
2
1
= (1-0.3010)=0.3495
2

14
log`2.71=0.4330

log`2710 log`27.1 log`0.00271

log`2710=log(2.71_10Ü`)=log`2.71+log`10Ü`=0.4330+3=3.4330
3, 0.4330
log`27.1=log(2.71_10)=log`2.71+log`10=0.4330+1=1.4330
1, 0.4330
log`0.00271=log(2.71_10ÑÜ`)=log`2.71+log`10ÑÜ`=0.4330-3=-3+0.4330
-3, 0.4330

KEY
Point log`5=log`
10
=log`10-log`2=1-log`2
2
0 1 0É <1

55 log`2=0.3010 log`3=0.4771

log`18 1.2552 log`;3%; 0.2219 log`'6 0.38905

56 log`5.23=0.7185

log`523 log`52.3 log`0.0523

2 0.7185 1 0.7185 -2 0.7185
47
 15 `

log`3.24=0.5105

log`3240 log`0.00324 log`Þ'¶324

3240 4 log`3240 4-1=3 3240 3.24

log`3240 log`3.24
log`3240=3+0.5105=3.5105
0.00324 0 log`0.00324
-3 0.00324 3.24 log`0.00324
log`3.24
log`0.00324=-3+0.5105=-2.4895

log`Þ'¶324=log`324;5!;=;5!;`log`324

324 3 log`324 3-1=2 324 3.24

log`324 log`3.24
1
log`324=2+0.5105=2.5105 `log`324=;5!;_2.5105=0.5021
5

log`3240=log(3.24_10Ü`)=log`3.24+log`10Ü`=log`3.24+3=0.5105+3=3.5105

16 `

log`56.7=1.7536 x

log`x=4.7536 log`x=-2.2464

log`x log`56.7 x 56.7

log`x 4 x 5 x=56700
log`x=-2.2464=-2-0.2464=(-2-1)+(1-0.2464)=-3+0.7536
log`x log`56.7 x 56.7
log`x -3 x 0
x=0.00567

KEY
Point log`N
N¾1 N -1
0<N<1 - 0
HjK

57 log`37.4=1.5729

log`3.74 0.5729 log`374 2.5729 log`0.0374 -1.4271

58 log`2.34=0.3692 x

log`x=2.3692 234 log`x=-0.6308 0.234 log`x=-2.6308 0.00234

48
17
log`2=0.3010 log`3=0.4771

3Û`â` 6Þ`Û` 2Û`â`_3Ü`â`

log`N`(N¾1) n N (n+1)

log`3Û`â`=20`log`3=20_0.4771=9.542
log`3Û`â` 9 3Û`â` 10
log`6Þ`Û`=52`log`6=52`log(2_3)=52(log`2+log`3)=52(0.3010+0.4771)=40.4612
log`6Þ`Û` 40 6Þ`Û` 41
log(2Û`â`_3Ü`â`)=log`2Û`â`+log`3Ü`â`=20`log`2+30`log`3=20_0.3010+30_0.4771=20.3330
log(2Û`â`_3Ü`â`) 20 2Û`â`_3Ü`â` 21

18
{ 1 }Ú`â`â` 0
5
log`2=0.3010

log`N`(0<N<1) n
N -n 0

1
log{ }Ú`â`â`=log`5ÑÚ`â`â`=-100`log`5=-100`log`:Á2¼:=-100(1-log`2)=-100(1-0.3010)
5
=-69.90=-69-0.90=(-69-1)+(1-0.90)=-70+0.10
1 1
log { }`Ú `â `â -70 { }`Ú `â `â 70
5 5
0

59 log`2=0.3010 log`3=0.4771

5Ü`â` 21 2Ý`â` 13 2Ü`â`_3Ü`â` 24

60 0
log`2=0.3010

{;4!;}Ú`â`â` 61 2ÑÛ`â` 7

61 18Þ`â` 63 18Ú`Þ` 19

49
 19
log`2=0.3010 log`3=0.4771

3Ú`Ý`
3Ú`Ý`

log`3Ú`Ý`=14`log`3=14_0.4771=6.6794
log`3Ú`Ý` 6 3Ú`Ý` 7
log`3Ú`Ý` 0.6794

log`4=2`log`2=0.6020 log`5=log`;;Á2¼;;=1-log`2=0.6990

log`4<0.6794<log`5
6 log`4+6<6.6794<log`5+6
log`4+log`10ß`<log`3Ú`Ý`<log`5+log`10ß`
log(4_10ß`)<log`3Ú`Ý`<log(5_10ß`) 4_10ß`<3Ú`Ý`<5_10ß`
3Ú`Ý`=4. _10ß` 3Ú`Ý` 4

20
log`A 3xÛ`+7x+k=0 k

log`A=n+a (n 0Éa<1) n a 3xÛ`+7x+k=0

n+a=-;3&; yy na=;3K; yy

n 0Éa<1

n+a=-;3&;=-2-;3!;=(-2-1)+{1-;3!;}=-3+;3@; n=-3 a=;3@;

-3_;3@;=;3K; k=-6

KEY
Point aû`
Ú log`aû` a
Û log`NÉa<log(N+1) N
Ü aû` N

62 5Û`â` a b a+b 23

log`2=0.3010 log`3=0.4771

63 log`A 2xÛ`+5x+k=0 k
-3

50
 21
10<x<100 log`x log`xÜ` x

log`xÜ`-log`x=

10<x<100 log`10<log`x<log`100 1<log`x<2 yy

log`x log`xÜ`
log`xÜ`-log`x=3`log`x-log`x=2`log`x=
2<2`log`x<4 2`log`x

2`log`x=3 log`x=;2#; x=10;2#;=10'1Œ0

22 1

log`x 3 log`x log`Ü'§x 1

x

1
log`x+log`Ü 'x= log`x+
log`Ü 'x+

log`x log`Ü'x
§ 1

log`x+log`Ü'x=log`x+;3!;`log`x=;3$;`log`x= log`x+ log`Ü'x+

log`x 3
3<log`x<4 log`x log`x=3

;3$; 4<;3$;`log`x<:Á3¤:

;3$;`log`x ;3$;`log`x=5 log`x=:Á4°: x=10:Á4°:=Ý "10Ú`Þ`

log`x a log`x=3+a (0<a<1) log`x

log`Ü'x=;3!;`log`x=;3!;(3+a)=1+;3Ä;

log`Ü'x ;3Ä; a+;3Ä;=1 a=;4#;

log`x=3+;4#;=:Á4°: x=10:Á4°:=Ý"10Ú`Þ`

KEY
Point =
1 =

64 log`x 2 log`xÛ` log` 1 x

x
100 100 Ü'1Œ0 100 Ü'¶100

65 log`x 4 log`x `log`'§x 1

log`Ý'x ;6!;

51
 23
[H±] pH
pH=-log`[H±]
pH 6.6 10
50
10 pH
log`2=0.3

[H±]
6.6=-log`[H±]
log`[H±]=-6.6
[H±]=10-6.6
10 50 10
pH x
x=-log`50[H±]
=-log(50_10-6.6)
=-(log`5+log`10+log`10-6.6)
10
=-{log` +1-6.6}
2
=-(1-log`2+1-6.6)
=-(2-log`2-6.6)
=-(2-0.3-6.6)
=4.9

66 TŒ(¾) T¼(¾) t
T(¾)
T=TŒ+(T¼-TŒ)10-0.02t (¾)
20`¾ 120`¾ 25`¾

log`2=0.3

60 ✔ 65 70 75 80

67 1`mÜ` 200` g`(1` g=10Ñß``g)

t 1`mÜ`
x(t)
t
x(t)=20+180_3- 256 ( g mÜ`)
n 1`mÜ` 50` g
n log`2=0.30 log`3=0.48 416

52
STEP 1
41 log`32.3=1.5092 log`;32Á30;

✔ -3.5092 -2.5092 -2.4908

3.5092 4.4908
1
log` =log`3230ÑÚ`=-log`3230=-log(32.3_10Û`)=-(log`32.3+2)
3230
=-(1.5092+2)=-3.5092

42 log`2=0.3010 log`3=0.4771 log`6+log`'2-log`18 x y

log`xy=log`x+log`y
✔ -0.3266 -0.3158 -0.3032
log`;]{;=log`x-log`y
-0.2833 -0.2267
log`6+log`'2-log`18=log(2_3)+log`2;2!;-log(2_3Û`)=;2!;`log`2-log`3=-0.3266

1
43 A log`A=1.2 log`
Ý"A
a 1
Ý"A

=A-;4!;

b 100ab -70
1
log` =-;4!;`log`A=-0.3=-1+0.7
Ý"ÅA
1
log` -1 0.7 a=-1 b=0.7
Ý"ÅA
100ab=-70

44 N log`N f(N)
f(9)+f(99)+f(999) 3
9 log`9 0 f(9)=0
99 log`99 1 f(99)=1
999 log`999 2 f(999)=2
f(9)+f(99)+f(999)=0+1+2=3

45 log`50 a 1000a 125 0É <1

50 log`50 1
log`50 a
a=log`50-1=log`50-log`10=log`5 1000a=1000log`5=5log`1000=5Ü`=125

1
46 3Ú`â`â` a { }Û`â`â`
2
b

0 a+b 109

log`2=0.3010 log`3=0.4771
log`3Ú`â`â`=100`log`3=47.71 1 Û`â`â`
{ } 61
3Ú`â`â` 48 a=48 2
1 200 0 b=61
log{ } =-200`log`2=-60.2=-61+0.8
2 a+b=109

53
47 log`200 xÛ`+ax+b=0
axÛ`+bx+c=0
a b 2a+b -4
log`200=2+log`2 log`200 2 log`2
a b
2+log`2=-a 2`log`2=b a=-2-log`2 a+b=-;aB; ab=;aC;
2a+b=2(-2-log`2)+2`log`2=-4

STEP 2
48 log`x=3.7781 x 6000

log`2=0.3010 log`3=0.4771
0.7781=0.3010+0.4771=log`2+log`3=log`6
log`x=3.7781=3+0.7781=log`10Ü`+log`6=log(10Ü`_6)=log`6000
x=6000

49 log`x=-0.4260 x 0.375 log`x

log`3.75=0.5740
log`x=-0.4260=-1+0.5740=-1+log`3.75=log`10ÑÚ`+log`3.75=log(10ÑÚ`_3.75)=log`0.375
x=0.375

1
50 log£`x=20 x log`
x
=n+a (n 0Éa<1)

1000a log`3=0.4771 458

log£`x=20 x=3Û`â`
1
log`;[!;=log` =log`3ÑÛ`â`=-20`log`3=-20_0.4771=-9.542=-10+0.458
3Û`â`
a=0.458 1000a=458

51 log`12 x y 10Å`+10Ñ´` 12
log`12
:Á2»: :°6»: :¤6Á: :ª2Á: ✔ :¤6°: 1

12 log`12 1 x=1
6 6
65
y=log`12-1=log` 10Å`+10Ñ´`=10Ú`+10-log` 5 =
5 6

52 A AÞ`â` 67 AÛ`â` AÞ`â` n

log`AÞ`â`
26 ✔ 27 28 29 30 n-1
AÞ`â` 67 66 26.4Élog`AÛ`â`<26.8
Élog`A<;5^0&;
log`AÞ`â` 66 50 log`AÛ`â` 26
66Élog`AÞ`â`<67 66 AÛ`â` 27
20_ É20`log`A<20_;5^0&;
50
66É50`log`A<67

53 2 3
2 x x
log`3=0.4771

11 ✔ 12 13 14 15
A 48 3Û`Ý`A
x=3Û`Ý` log`x=24`log`3=11.4504
log`x 11 x 12

54
 3
54 { }Ç`
5
15 0

n 4

log`2=0.3010 log`3=0.4771
3 Ç` -15Én(log`2+log`3-1)<-14
log`{ } -15
5 -15É-0.2219n<-14
Ç` 63. <nÉ67.
-15Élog`{;5#;} <-14
n 64 65 66 67 4
55 xÛ`-8x+10=0 log`a log`b
logŒ`b+logº`a :ª5ª:

log`a+log`b=8, (log`a)(log`b)=10
log`b log`a (log`b)Û`+(log`a)Û` 22
logŒ`b+logº`a= + = =
log`a log`b (log`a)(log`b) 5

56 2<log`x<3 log`xÝ` log`xÛ`

x
=
10:Á6£: 10:Á5Á: 10;4(; 10;3&; ✔ 10;2%;
log`xÝ` log`xÛ` log`xÝ`-log`xÛ`=2`log`x=
2<log`x<3 4<2`log`x<6 2`log`x
2`log`x=5 log`x=;2%; x=10;2%;

57 D P
1
log`D=log`c- `log`P (c>0)
3
PÁ 4PÁ
Dª
DÁ Dª
DÁ

✔ 2-;3@; 2-;2!; 2-;3!; 2;3!; 2;3@;

Dª
log`DÁ=log`c-;3!;`log`PÁ log` =log`Dª-log`DÁ
DÁ
={log`c-;3!;`log`4PÁ}-{log`c-;3!;`log`PÁ}=log`4-;3!;
log`Dª=log`c-;3!;`log`4PÁ
Dª
=4-;3!;=2-;3@;
DÁ
58
(k)
hÁ(cm) t hª(cm)

C
k= (log`hÁ-log`hª) C
t
64`cm
40 16`cm x
2`cm x

80 ✔ 100 120 140 160

C C C C
k= (log`64-log`16)= _log`2 yy k= (log`64-log`2)= _5`log`2 yy
40 20 x x
C C
_log`2= _5`log`2 x=100
20 x

55
59 log`2=0.3010 log`3=0.4771

2Ú``Þ a 2Ú``Þ b a-b

2

27Ú`â`â`Ö5Û`â`â` a b ab
8 log(27Ú`â`â`Ö5Û`â`â`)=3.33 27Ú`â`â`Ö5Û`â`â`
log`2Ú`Þ`=4.5150 2Ú``Þ 5 a=5 4 a=4
log`3<0.5150<log`4 log`2<0.33<log`3
log(3_10Ý`)<log`2Ú`Þ`<log(4_10Ý`) b=3 log(2_10Ü`)<log(27Ú`â`â`Ö5Û`â`â`)<log(3_10Ü`)
a-b=2 b=2 ab=8

60 log`z xÛ`-ax+b=0

log` 1 xÛ`+ax+b-;2#;=0
z
a b b+0 a=;2#; b=;2!;
log`z=n+a`(n 0<a<1) n+a=a yy na=b yy
log`;z!;=(-1-n)+(1-a) (-1-n)+(1-a)=-a (-1-n)(1-a)=b-;2#; yy

-n+a=-;2!; n=1 a=;2!; a=;2#; b=;2!;

61 log`x 3 log`x log`'§x log`x=n+a

(n 0Éa<1)
3
log`'x
4

;3!; ;1°2; ;2!; ✔ ;1¦2; ;3@;

1 1+a 1+a
log`x a log`x=3+a`(0Éa<1) log`'§x= `log`x=1+ `{;2!;É <1}
2 2 2
3 1+a
log`x log`'§x a+ =;4#; a=;6!;
4 2
1+a
log`'§x =;1¦2;
2
62 log`x 2 log`xÜ` log`xÛ` 1
log`x k 100k 280
log`xÜ`+log`xÛ`=5`log`x= log`xÜ`+ log`xÛ`+
log`x 2 2<log`x<3 10<5`log`x<15
5`log`x 5`log`x=11 5`log`x=12 5`log`x=13 5`log`x=14
log`x :Á5¢: k=:Á5¢: 100k=280

63 t ¾ P
2200
log`P=9- (0<t<70)
t+180
30`¾
Pª
PÁ 40`¾ Pª
PÁ

10;7@; 10;2¥1; ✔ 10;2!1); 10;7$; 10;3@;

2200 2200
log`PÁ=9- log`Pª=9-
30+180 40+180
Pª 2200 2200 Pª
log` =log`Pª-log`PÁ={9- }-{9- }=;2!1); =10;2!1);
PÁ 40+180 30+180 PÁ

56
 01
1.
a 1 x aÅ` x aÅ`
y=aÅ``(a>0, a+1) x a

y=aÅ` x a a>0
a=1 y=aÅ` x y=1 1

2. y=aÅ``(a>0 a+1) 1

(0, 1) (1, a) x ` y=0

a>1 x y
0<a<1 x y

y=aÅ` y={;a!;}Å` y

a>0 a+1 x aÅ` >0

y={;a!;}Å` =(aÑÚ`)Å` =aÑÅ` y=aÅ` y={;a!;}Å` y

3. y=aÅ``(a>0 a+1) 23

y=aÅ` x m y n
y-n=aÅ` ѵ`` y=aÅ` ѵ``+n

y=aÅ` ѵ``+n {y|y>n} y=n

x m x x-m
y n y y-n

58
 y=3Å` x -1 y 2

y=3Å` ±Ú`+2

y=aÅ``(a>0 a+1)
x -y=aÅ` y=-aÅ`

y y=aÑÅ` y={;a!;}Å``

-y=aÑÅ` y=-{;a!;}Å``

x y -y y
y x -x x
x -x y -y x y

y=2Å`
x -y=2Å` y=-2Å`

y y=2ÑÅ` y={;2!;}Å`

-y=2ÑÅ` y=-{;2!;}Å`

4. 5

y=aÅ` (a>0 a+1)

a>1 xÁ<xª axÁ<axª x y
xÁ xª
0<a<1 xÁ<xª a >a x y

3Ü` 3'2 3 {;3@;}ÑÚ`, {;3@;}2`, {;3@;}â` Þ``

1<'2<3 y=3Å` x y
'
3<3 Û`<3Ü`

-1<0.5<2 y={;3@;}Å` x y

{;3@;}ÑÚ`>{;3@;}â` Þ`>{;3@;}Û` {;3@;}Û`<{;3@;}â` Þ`<{;3@;}ÑÚ`

59
68 y=aÅ` `(a>0 a+1)
a
y=2Å y=0.3Å y=-2xÜ`
1
y=2´3Å` y=xÛ` y=
2Å`

1
69 f(x)=2Å` (x)={ }Å`
3

'2
f(2) 4 f{-;2!;} 2 f(-3) ;8!;

1
(0) 1 (3) 27 (-2) 9

70 f(x)=aÅ` (a>0 a+1)

a>1 xÁ<xª f(xÁ) < `f(xª)

0<a<1 xÁ<xª f(xÁ) > `f(xª)
x
y=0

71 ``

y={;3!;}Å` y=-3Å` y=3Å` ÑÚ` y=3Å`+2

`` `` `` ``
`` `` `` ` ` y y>2
` `x ` y=0 ` `x ` y=0 ` `x ` y=0 `` y=2
y=ax

72
a>1
x y

{;5!;} 2` {;5!;}â``Þ`
-2 0.5
Ü'3 Ý'9 Ü '3<Ý '9 {;5!;} >{;5!;}
0<a<1
x y

60
 01
1
y={ }Å`
3

(1 0) y
3 x y

(0 1) y
Å
y={;3!;}
x
1 2
1
x y
x

02

y=2x-1-1 y=3ÑÅ`+1

y=2Å` ÑÚ`-1 y=2Å` x 1 y

-1
y=2Å` ÑÚ`-1
y y>-1 , y=-1

y=3ÑÅ`+1 y=3Å` y y y=3 -x+1 y

1
y=3ÑÅ`+1 2
y y>1 y=1 1
x

73 y=5Å`

(0 1) y
x y
x xª x +xª f(x )+f(xª)

74
y=2ÑÅ`-1 y=-2ÑÅ` y=2Å` ÑÛ`-1
``
``
` ` y y>-1 y={;4!;}Å `ÑÚ`+2 y=3ÑÅ` ±Ú` y=-{;2!;}Å`+2 ` ` y y<2
`` y=-1
`` y=2
`` `` `` ``
` ` y y<0 ` ` y y>-1 ` ` y y>2 ` ` y y>0 61
` `x ` y=0) `` y=-1 `` y=2 ` `x ` y=0)
 03
y=2Å` x 2 y 1 x
y=a´2Å` +b a b

y=2Å` x 2 y `1
y-1=2Å` ÑÛ` y=2Å` ÑÛ`+1 yy
x -y=2Å` ÑÛ`+1 y=-2Å` ÑÛ`-1

y=-2Å`´2ÑÛ`-1=-;4!;´2Å` -1

a=-;4!;, b=-1

04
f(x)=3Å` f(a)=m f(b)=n
a+b=4 mn

f(a)=m 3Œ`=m f(b)=n 3º`=n

a+b
mn=3Œ`_3º`=3
a+b=4 mn=3Ý`=81

KEY
Point y=aÅ``(a>0 a+1) x m y n
y=aÅ` ѵ``+n
x y -y y x -x

75 y=3Å` x 3 y -2
y=a´3ÑÅ` +b a b
a=-;2Á7; b=2
2
76 y={ }Å`
3
x -1 y

(-1 m) (2 n) mn ;3@;

77 y=2Å` y=x
a+b+c+ 8

x y

62
05

3â` Þ` '2Œ7 Ü'9 0.1Ñâ` Ú` 0.1-;2!; 0.1ÑÝ`

a>1 xÁ<xª HjK axÁ<axª 0<a<1 xÁ<xª HjK axÁ>axª

3â` Þ`=3;2!; '2Œ7="3Ü`=3;2#; Ü'9=Ü"3Û`=3;3@;

2
;2!;< <;2#; y=3Å` x y
3
3
3;2!;<3;3@;<3 2

3â` Þ`<Ü'9<'2Œ7
1
-4<- <-0.1 y=0.1Å` x y
2
1
0.1ÑÝ`>0.1- 2 >0.1Ñâ` Ú`

0.1Ñâ` Ú`<0.1-;2!;<0.1ÑÝ`

06
1
f(x)={ }Å` ÑÚ`+3 (x)
2

(a)=2 a

{;2&;}

f(x) (x)
(a)=2 HjK f(2)=a

f(2)={;2!;}Û`ÑÚ`+3=a a=;2&;

{;2&;}=k f(k)=;2&;

f(k)={;2!;}û` ÑÚ`+3=;2&; {;2!;}û` ÑÚ`=;2!;

k-1=1 k=2
{;2&;}=2

78
1
"Å2Ü` 0.5;3!; Ü'4 0.5;3!;<Ü'4<"2Ü` ®;9!; Ü® Ý®É;2Á7; ®;9!;<Ý®;2Á7;<Ü®;3!;
3

79 f(x)=5Å` (x) {;2Á5;}´ (125) -6

80 f(x)=3Å`´2Ú`ÑÅ` (x) {;3$;} -1

63
STEP 1
f(-1)f(3)
64 f(x)=aÅ` (a>0 a+1) f(2)=16
f(1)
4
f(2)=16 aÛ`=16
a=4 a>0
f(-1)f(3) 4ÑÚ`_4Ü` 4Û`
f(x)=4Å` = = =4
f(1) 4 4

65 y=32x-1+1 a>0 a+1

y=aÅ`
{y|y¾-1} 1
y={ }Å` y
a
x y
y=9Å` x 1 y 1

✔ y=1

y={;9!;}Å` y
{y|y>1} x y
1 1
y=3Û`Å` ÑÚ`+1=32{x- 2 }+1=9x- 2 +1 y=3Û`Å` ÑÚ`+1 y=9Å` x
1
,y 1
2

66 -x+a
y=3 +b (1 1)
y=-2 a b a+b

-4 -;2#; ✔ 0 ;2#; 4
-x+a
y=3 +b y=b b=-2
y=3-x+a-2 (1, 1) 1=3-1+a-2
3-1+a=3, -1+a=1 a=2
a+b=2+(-2)=0

67 y=5x-1-2 y=a x-m+n

y=a x x
m y
n

y=5x-1-2 y=-2 x y
y=5x-1-2

64
68 x
y -y
y=3Å` x 1 y y
(2 k) k ;2Á7; x -x

y=aÅ` (a>0 a+1) x x

2 y 10 (4 1)
a 3

y=3ÑÅ` ÑÚ` (2 k) k=;2Á ;

y=-aÅ` -2+10 (4 1) a=3

69 y=3Û`Å` x m y n
1
y= ´3Û`Å`-1 m+n
9
0
y=32(x-m)+n y=3-2m´3Û`Å` +n
y=;9!;´3Û`Å` -1 3-2m=;9!; n=-1 m=1 n=-1 m+n=0

70 y=3Å` ab=27 a>0 x y

a+b axay=ax+y

1 2 ✔ 3
4 5
y=3Å` (a a) (b b) 3Œ`=a 3º`=b
ab=27
ab=3Œ`´3º`=3Œ`±º`=27 a+b=3

71 f(x)=aÅ``(a>0 a+1) f(x+2)=2f(x+1)+8f(x)

f(3) 64
ax+2=2ax+1+8aÅ` aÅ` aÛ`=2a+8 a=-2 a=4
a=4` a>0) f(x)=4Å`
f(3)=4Ü`=64

STEP 2
72 y=4Å`
y=4x-m+n

x 3-x
1 2x
y={;4!;} ` y={;4!;} y=-{ } y=22x-1
2

-(x-3)
1 Å`
y=4ÑÅ` y={;4!;} =4x-3 y=-{ } =-4ÑÅ` y=22{x-;2!;}=4x-;2!;
4
y=4Å`

65
73 y=aÛ`Å` ÑÝ`+3`(a>0) a (a b)
y=ax(a>0 a+1)
ab
(0 1)
7 ✔ 8 9 10 11
y=a2x-4+3 y-3=a2(x-2) x y
(0 1) (2 4)
y=a2x x 2 y 2 3

3 a (2 4) ab=8

74 y=3Å` y x
a y b
a+b

0 -1 ✔ -2
-3 -4
y=3-(x-a)+b y=-3 b=-3
(0 0) a=1 a+b=1+(-3)=-2

75 f(x)=aÅ` y
y=f(x)

f(b)=3 f(c)=6 f{ b+c } 6

2
3
1
4 '¶17 ✔ 3'2
b c x
'¶19 2'5
f(b)=3 f(c)=6 ab=3 ac=6
b+c b+c
f{ }=a 2 =(ab+c);2!;=(abac);2!;=(3_6);2!;='1Œ8=3'2
2

76 A B C

-;3!;
A=Ý'9 B={;3!;} C='¶27 B<A<C

;3!; ;2#;
A=0.1;5@; B={;10!0;} C={;1Á0;} C<B<A

;2!; ;3!; ;2#; ;3!; ;2!; ;2#;

A=3 B=3 C=3 ;3!;<;2!;<;2#; 3 <3 <3 B<A<C
;5@; ;3@; ;2#; ;5@; ;3@; ;2#;
A={;1Á0;} B={;1Á0;} C={;1Á0;} ;5@;<;3@;<;2#; {;1Á0;} >{;1Á0;} >{;1Á0;} C<B<A

77 y=2Å` y=2Å` y= (x) f(x) (x)

k 8
f(a)=b HjK (b)=a
(k)=3 f(x)=2Å`
f(x) (x)
(k)=3 HjK f(3)=k
f(3)=2Ü`=8 k=8

1 x-1
78 f(x)={ } -1
3
(x) (8)=a (b)=1

a b a+b -1
(8)=a (b)=1 f(a)=8 f(1)=b
a=-1 b=0 a+b=-1+0=-1

66
02
1. 7

{x|mÉxÉn} f(x)=aÅ``(a>0 a+1)

a>1 x=m (m) x=n (n)
0<a<1 x=m (m) x=n (n)

f(x)=aÅ``(a>0 a+1) a

{x|mÉxÉn} f(x)=aÅ`
a>1
x y x=m f(m) x=n f(n)
0<a<1 {y| f(m)ÉyÉ f(n)}

x y x=m f(m) x=n f(n)

{y| f(n)ÉyÉ f(m)}
1
-2ÉxÉ1 y=3Å` x=-2 3ÑÛ`= x=1 3Ú`=3
9

1 x
-3ÉxÉ2 y={ } x=-3 {;2!;}ÑÜ`=8 x=2
2
2
{ 1 } =;4!;
2

(x)
2. y=a `(a>0 a+1) 9, 10

y=a f(x)
a>1
f(x) a f(x) f(x) a f(x)
0<a<1
f(x) a f(x) f(x) a f(x)

67
81 {x|-1ÉxÉ2} y=3Å`

y=3Å` x y
-1ÉxÉ2 y=3Å` x= 2 9

x= -1 ;3!;

1
82 {x|-2ÉxÉ3} y={ }`Å
3

1
y={ }Å` x y
3
1
-2ÉxÉ3 y={ }Å` x= -2 9
3
x= 3 ;2Á7;

83 y=ax
a>1
1
y=2Å` (0ÉxÉ3) ` `8 ` `1 y={ }Å` (-2ÉxÉ1) x y
4 ` `16 ` `;4!;
1 Å` 0<a<1
y=5Å` (x¾1) ` `5 y={ } (xÉ-4)
3 ` `81
x y

68
 07

y=3Å` ±Û``(-2ÉxÉ1) y=2Ú`ÑÅ``(-1ÉxÉ2)

y=4Å`´3ÑÅ``(0ÉxÉ1)

y=3x+2 x y
-2ÉxÉ1 y=3x+2
x=-2 3ÑÛ`±Û`=3â`=1
x=1 3Ú`±Û`=3Ü`=27
27, 1

1
y=2Ú`ÑÅ`=2Ñ(Å` ÑÚ` ={ }Å` ÑÚ` y=2Ú`ÑÅ` x y
2

-1ÉxÉ2 y=21-x
x=-1 21-(-1)=2Û`=4

x=2 2Ú`ÑÛ`=2ÑÚ`=;2!;

4, ;2!;
1
y=4Å`´3ÑÅ`=4Å`´{ }Å`={;3$;}Å` y=4Å`´3ÑÅ` x y
3
1
0ÉxÉ1 y=4 ´3Ñx
x

x=0 {;3$;}â`=1

x=1 {;3$;}Ú`=;3$;

;3$;, 1

KEY
Point y=aÅ``(a>0 a+1)
a>1 x y
x y x y
0<a<1 x y
x y x y

84
y=3Å` ±Ú`-2`(-1ÉxÉ2) y=2Å` ÑÚ`+4`(-1ÉxÉ2) 6 :Á4:
25 -1
y=2Û`ÑÅ``(-1ÉxÉ2) y=2Å`´3Ú`ÑÅ``(-1ÉxÉ1) ;2(; 2
8 1

69
 aÅ`
08
0ÉxÉ2 y=4Å`-2Å` ±Ú`

y=4Å`-2Å` ±Ú`=(2Å` )Û`-2 2Å` 2Å`

aÅ`

y=4Å`-2Å` ±Ú`=(2Å`)Û`-2´2Å`
2Å`=t`(t>0) 0ÉxÉ2 2â`É2Å`É2Û`
1ÉtÉ4

y=tÛ`-2t=(t-1)Û`-1
1ÉtÉ4 y=(t-1)Û`-1
t=1 0-1=-1
t=4 3Û`-1=8

8, -1

t=2Å` x t 0ÉxÉ2
2â`É2Å` É2Û` 1ÉtÉ4
t=2Å` =1 x=0 t=2Å` =4 x=2

KEY
Point aÅ`
Ú
Û aÅ` =

85
y=9Å`-4´3Å`+6`(-1ÉxÉ1) :¢9£:

y={;4!;}Å`-{;2!;}Å` ÑÚ`+3`(-1ÉxÉ2)

y=4Å`-2Å` ±Û`+2`(xÉ3)

86 y=9Å`+k´3Å` ±Ú`+3 -6 k -2

70
 (x)
y=a
09
y=2-xÛ`+2x+2 x=a b a+b

f(x)=-xÛ`+2x+2 y=2-xÛ`+2x+2 y=2 f(x)

y=2 f(x) 2 1
f(x) y=2 f(x)
f(x)=-xÛ`+2x+2=-(x-1)Û`+3 f(x) x=1 3
y=2 f(x) x=1 2Ü`=8
a=1 b=8
a+b=1+8=9

y=2 f(x) f(x) y

f(xÁ)<f(xª) 2 f(xÁ)<2 f(xª)

(x)
10 y=a

-xÛ`+6x-8
{x|1ÉxÉ4} {;4!;}

-xÛ`+6x-8 f(x)
f(x)=-xÛ`+6x-8 y={;4!;} y={;4!;}
f(x)
y={;4!;} ;4!; 1
f(x)
y={;4!;} f(x) f(x)

f(x)=-xÛ`+6x-8=-(x-3)Û`+1
1ÉxÉ4 f(x) x=3 1 x=1 -3
f(x)
1 1
1ÉxÉ4 y={;4!;} x=3 { } =;4!;
4
-3
x=1 {;4!;} =64

KEY (x)`
Point y=a (a>0 a+1)
(x) (x)
a>1 (x) a (x) a
(x) (x)
0<a<1 (x) a (x) a

87 x=a b a b
-xÛ`-2x+3
y=3xÛ`+4x+2 a=-2 b=;9!; y={;3!;} a=-1 b=;8Á1;

88
-xÛ`+4x-7
y=2-xÛ`-3x+5`(-1ÉxÉ1) y={;2!;} `(1ÉxÉ4)
128 2 128 8

1
89 y=a-xÛ`-2x+1`(0<a<1) 16 a ;4!;

71
 11
y=2Å` +21-x

2Å` >0 21-x>0

2Å` +21-x¾2"Ã2Å` ´21-x
1
=2'2 { 2Å` =21-x x= }
2
y=2Å` +21-x 2'2

12 aÅ`+aÑÅ`

y=4Å`+4ÑÅ`-2(2Å`+2ÑÅ` )

4Å`+4ÑÅ` 2Å`+2ÑÅ` 2Å`+2ÑÅ`

2Å`+2ÑÅ`=t
2Å`>0 2ÑÅ`>0
t=2Å`+2ÑÅ`¾2"Ã2Å`´2ÑÅ`=2 2Å`=2ÑÅ` x=0 t¾2
4Å`+4ÑÅ`=(2Å` )Û`+(2ÑÅ` )Û`=(2Å`+2ÑÅ` )Û`-2
y=4Å`+4ÑÅ`-2(2Å`+2ÑÅ` ) y=tÛ`-2-2t=(t-1)Û`-3
t¾2 y=(t-1)Û`-3 t=2
(2-1)Û`-3=-2

KEY
Point
a>0 a+1 x aÅ` >0 ``a-x>0
aÅ` +a-x¾2"ÃaÅ` a-x=2 x=0

90 y=5Å` +5ÑÅ` x=a b a+b 2

91 y=102x-1+103-2x x=a b a+b 21

92 y=4Å`+4ÑÅ`+2(2Å`+2ÑÅ` )+5 11

72
STEP 1
79 {x|0ÉxÉ1} y=2Å` ±Ú`´5Ú`ÑÅ` M m
M-m

3 4 5 ✔ 6 7
y=2Å` ±Ú`´5Ú`ÑÅ`=10´{;5@;}Å` x=0 10 x=1 4 M-m=10-4=6

5
80 {x|aÉxÉ3} y=3ÑÅ` +b ;9!;
27
a b a<3) a=2 b=;2ª7;
x y
1
x=3 3ÑÜ`+b=;9!; b=;2ª7;
9
81 x=a
5
27
3ь`+;2ª7;=;2°7; a=2
2x=t`(t>0)
t
{x|-1ÉxÉ3} y=-4Å`+2x+2+1
-26

y=4Å`-4´2Å`+k 2 k 6
2Å`=t (t>0) -1ÉxÉ3 ;2!;ÉtÉ8 y=-tÛ`+4t+1=-(t-2)Û`+5
5+(-31)=-26 2Å`=t`(t>0)

82 f(x) (x) f(x)=xÛ`-6x+3 (x)=aÅ` `(a>0 a+1)

y=tÛ`-4t+k
1ÉxÉ4 ( f)(x) 27 m m =(t-2)Û`+k-4 y
t>0
t=2 k-4
2
'3
;2Á7; ;3!; ✔ 3 3'3 k-4=2 k=6
3
xÛ`-6x+3
( f)(x)=a
a>1 0<a<1 x=3 aÑß` x=1 aÑÛ`

2
'3
STEP 27 aÑß`=27 a= 0<a<1)
3
( f)(x) aÑÛ`=3 m=3

83
1 x-k
y=3x+k+{ } 18 k 2
3
1 4x+2
y=16Å`+{ } x=p q p+q
2
x+k -x+k
3 +3 ¾2´3û` 18 2´3û`=18 k=2
;4#;
24x+2-4x-2¾1 24x=2-4x-2 x=-;4!; 1 f(x)
y={ }
2
p=-;4!; q=1 p+q=;4#; x=2 2 x=4

84 32
2+32=34
1 -xÛ`+4x-5 f(x)=xÛ ` -2x-2
{x|1ÉxÉ4} y={ } f(x) x=1
2
-3
34 y=a f(x)
x=1 aÑÜ`
y=axÛ`-2x-2`(0<a<1) 8 a ;2!;
8
f(x)=-xÛ`+4x-5=-(x-2)Û`-1 f(x) x=2 -1 x=4 -5
aÑÜ`=8 a=;2!;

73
 03
1.

a>0 a+1 axÁ=axª HjK xÁ=xª

y=aÅ`

2. 13 14 16

(x) (x)
a =a HjK (x)= (x) a>0 a+1)
aÅ`
aÅ`= ( >0) t
aÅ` >0 >0

0
(x) (x)
a =b (a>0 b>0) HjK a=b (x)=0

(x) (x)
x =x (x>0) HjK (x)= (x) x=1

log
f(x) f(x)
a =b f(x)=0 aâ`=bâ`=1 f(x)=0 x
f(x) (x) f(x) (x)
x =x x=1 1 =1 =1

2x+1=32 4Å`-2Å`-2=0
2x+1=2Þ` x+1=5 x=4
4Å`=(2Å` )Û` 4Å` -2Å` -2=0 (2Å` )Û`-2Å`-2=0
2Å`=t`(t>0)
tÛ`-t-2=0 (t+1)(t-2)=0 t=2 t>0
2Å`=2 x=1

74
93
1
2Å` =8 x=3 {;2!;}Å` = x=4 3Å` =;8Á1; x=-4
16
1
5Å` =125 x=3 {;3!;}Å` =;9!; x=2 { }Å` =25 x=-2
5

94 a>0 a+1
a f(x)=a (x)
-2x-3 4x+3
2Û`Å` =23-x x=1 3-x+1=32x-2 x=1 {;5!;} ={;5!;} f(x)= (x)

x=-1

95
4x-4 x-1
32x-4-33x+1=0 x=-5 {;8Á1;} -{;8Á1;} =0 x=1

96
2x-1
22x-3=128 x=5 25x+3={;12!5;} 2-x+2=162x x=;9@;

x=-;8#;
x+1 -x+2
{;2!;} =('2)x-3 {;9!;} =81'3 4x+2-8x-7=0 x=25
x=;3!; x=:Á4:

97 4Å` -3´2Å` +2=0

2Å` =t (t>0) 4Å` -3´2Å` +2=0

Û` -3 +2=0 t= 1 t= 2

2Å` = 1 2Å` = 2

x= 0 x= 1

75
 13

x-8 xÛ`+3x 2x+6

2xÛ`-3=4Å` 32xÛ`-6x={;9!;} {;4#;} ={;3$;}

2xÛ`-3=4Å` 2xÛ`-3=2Û`Å`
xÛ`-3=2x xÛ`-2x-3=0 (x+1)(x-3)=0
x=-1 x=3
x-8
32xÛ`-6x={;9!;} 32xÛ`-6x=3-2(x-8)

2xÛ`-6x=-2(x-8) 2xÛ`-4x-16=0 2(x+2)(x-4)=0

x=-2 x=4
xÛ`+3x 2x+6 xÛ`+3x -1 2x+6 xÛ`+3x -2x-6
{;4#;} ={;3$;} {;4#;} =[{;4#;} ] {;4#;} ={;4#;}

xÛ`+3x=-2x-6 xÛ`+5x+6=0 (x+3)(x+2)=0

x=-3 x=-2

14 aÅ`

4_22x-9_2x+2+32=0

9_2x+2=9_2Å` _2Û`=36_2Å`
4_22x-9_2x+2+32=0 4_(2Å` )Û`-36_2Å` +32=0
2Å` =t (t>0)
4tÛ`-36t+32=0 4(t-1)(t-8)=0 t=1 t=8
2Å` =1 2Å` =8
x=0 x=3

98
9xÛ`+3x=3xÛ`+4x+3 x=-3 x=1 (2'2)2xÛ`+12=2-15x x=-3 x=-2
xÛ`+1 xÛ` 2-3x
3
=81 x=-1 x=2 {;3@;} ={;2#;} x=1 x=2
3x-1

99
9x-6_3x-27=0 x=2 4x+1-5_2x+2+16=0 x=0 x=2

x x
3x-9_3-x=8 x=2 {;9!;} +{;3!;} =12 x=-1

76
 15 aÅ`

9Å`-3x+1+1=0 a b a+b

9Å` =(3Å` )Û` 3x+1=3_3x 9Å`-3x+1+1=0 (3Å` )Û`-3_3Å` +1=0

3Å` =t (t>0) tÛ`-3t+1=0 yy
9Å` -3x+1+1=0 a b 3a 3b

3a´3b=1
3a+b=3â` a+b=0

16

(x+2)x=3x x>-2 (x-3)x+2=(x-3)xÛ`-4 x>3

(x) (x)
a =b (a>0 b>0) HjK a=b (x)=0
(x) (x)
a =a `(a>0) HjK (x)= (x) a=1

0
Ú x+2=3 x=1
Û x=0 2â`=3â`
Ú Û x=0 x=1
1
Ú x+2=xÛ`-4 xÛ`-x-6=0 (x+2)(x-3)=0 x=-2 x=3
x>3
Û x-3=1 x=4 1ß`=1Ú`Û`
Ú Û x=4

KEY
Point (aÅ` )Û`-maÅ` +n=0`(a>0 a+1) a aÅ` =
a
Û`-m +n=0 a a

100
4Å` -5_2Å` +2=0 a b a+b 1
2x+1 x
2 -2 +k=0 -5 k ;1Á6;

101
x3x+1=x2x+3 x>0 x=1 x=2 (x+7)x-1=4x-1 x>-7
x=-3 x=1
xÛ` 2x+3 x-3 x-3
(x-1) =(x-1) x>1 (2x-1) =(3x-5) { x>;3%;}
x=2 x=3 x=3 x=4
77
 17
2Å` +3y+1=13
[ x=a x=b a+b
2x+1-3y=5

2Å` = ( >0) 3´`= ( >0)

+3 =13 yy
[
2 - =5 yy
=4 `` =3
2Å` =4 3´`=3 x=2 y=1
a=2 b=1 a+b=2+1=3

18
1 x aÅ` 10
3 80 10
2560 a>0 a+1

6 7 8 9 10

10 3 80
10_aÜ`=80 aÜ`=8 a=2
10 t 2560
t t 8
10_2 =2560 2 =256 2`=2 ` t=8
10 2560 8

-3x+2+3y=26
102 [
2´3x+3+3y-1=15
x=a y=b aÛ`+bÛ` 13

103 1
t
12.5` t 3

78
STEP 1
85
1
3Å` -9'3=0 x=;2%; 2Û`Å` = x=-;4%;
4'2
2xÛ`-2x xÜ`+6 -2xÛ`-5x
=32 x=-1 x=4 {;7%;} ={;5&;}
2x-1
x=-2 x=1 x=3
xxÛ`=x2x+3 x>0 x=1 x=3
3Å` =9'3 3Å` =3 ;2%;
x=;2%; x=-1 x=4 Ú xÛ`=2x+3 x=3
xÜ`+6 2xÛ`+5x x>0)
2Û`Å` =2-;2%; x=-;4%; {;7%;} ={;7%;} Û x=1 1Ú`=1Þ`
2xÛ`-2x-(x-1)
=32 2 xÛ`-3x+1
=2Þ` x=-2 x=1 x=3
Ú Û x=1 x=3
86 f(x)=3Å` f(2x)=2`f(x+1)+27 x f(2x) f(x+1) f(x)
2 x 2x x+1
f(2x)=2f(x+1)+27 3Û`Å`=2´3Å` ±Ú`+27
3Å`=t`(t>0)
tÛ`-6t-27=0 t=9` t>0)
x=2

1 1
87 4Å`
-3´
2Å` ÑÛ`
+32=0

-6 ✔ -5 -1 3 4
(2ÑÅ`)Û`-12´2ÑÅ`+32=0
2ÑÅ`=t (t>0) tÛ`-12t+32=0 t=4 t=8 x=-2 x=-3
-2+(-3)=-5

88 9Å` -11_3Å` +28=0 a b 9a+9b 3Å`=t`(t>0)

t
59 61 63 ✔ 65 67
3Å` =t (t>0) tÛ`-11t+28=0 yy
t=4 t=7
9Å` -11_3Å` +28=0 a b 3a 3b
3a=4 3b=7 3a=7 3b=4 9a+9b=(3a)Û`+(3b)Û`=4Û`+7Û`=65

1
89 a2x-ax=2
7
a 128

(aÅ`)Û`-aÅ`-2=0
aÅ`=t`(t>0)
a>0 a+1)
tÛ`-t-2=0 t=2 t>0)
aÅ`=2 x ;7!; a;7!;=2
;7!;
a=(a )à`=2à`=128

90 4´32x-3x-k=0 -4 k a b
a+b=-4
✔ -;8¢1; -;2Á7; -;8ª1; -;8Á1; ;8Á1;
2x x
4´3 -3 -k=0 3Å`=t`(t>0) 4tÛ`-t-k=0 yy
4´32x-3x-k=0 a b a+b=-4 3a 3b

3a´3b=-;4K; 3a+b=-;4K; 3ÑÝ`=-;4K; a+b=-4) k=-;8¢1;

79
STEP 2
91 9Å`=2´3x+1-2k k
0<k<;2(;
3Å`=t`(t>0) tÛ`-6t+2k=0 yy
>0
D >0
D =(-3)Û`-2k>0 k<;2;
4 >0
=6>0 yy =2k>0 k>0 yy
0<k<;2(;

92 a>0 a+1
a2x+a-2x
3(9x+9-x)-(3x+3-x)-24=0 x=-1 x=1 =(ax+a-x)Û`-2ax´a-x
x
2(4 +4 )-(2 +2 )-6=0 -x x -x
x=-1 x=1 =(ax+a-x)Û`-2
3x+3ÑÅ`=t t=3x+3ÑÅ` ¾2"Ã3Å` ´3ÑÅ` =2 2Å` +2ÑÅ` =t t=2Å` +2ÑÅ` ¾2"Ã2Å` ´2ÑÅ` =2
3(tÛ`-2)-t-24=0 t=:Á3¼: t¾2 2(tÛ`-2)-t-6=0 t=;2%; t¾2

3Å` +3ÑÅ` =:Á3¼: 2Å` +2ÑÅ` =;2%;

3Å` =;3!; 3Å` =3 x=-1 x=1 2Å` =;2!; 2Å` =2 x=-1 x=1
3x+1+3y=18
93 [
3x+y-1=9
x=a y=b aÛ`+bÛ`

4 ✔ 5 6 7 8
3 + =18
3Å`= 3y= `( >0 >0) {
=9
3
=3 =9 x=1 y=2
a=1 b=2 aÛ`+bÛ`=1Û`+2Û`=5

94 1 x 10ax
10
16 64
n n a>0 15
10a na ;2#; ;2#; 10a ;2#; 15a
10 =16 10 =64 64=2ß`=(2Ý`) =16 =(10 ) =10
10na=1015a
na=15a n=15 a>0)

95 1 TÁ t
T
4 ;5@;kt
T=TÁ_{ } (k
5
2017 1
1200 7 960
k ;1°2;
TÁ=1200 T=960 t=6
:Á5ª:k
960=1200_{;5$;}
:Á5:ª k
{;5$;} =;5$; k=;1°2;

80
04
1.
a

x aÅ` >0 a>0 a+1)

a>1 0<a<1
xÁ<xª HjK axÁ<axª xÁ<xª HjK axÁ>axª

4Å` >4Û` >1 x>2

{;3!;}Å` >{;3!;}Ü` 0< <1 x<3

2. 19 21

>1 a f(x)<a (x)

HjK f(x)< (x)
[ f(x) (x)
0< <1 a <a HjK f(x)> (x)

aÅ`
aÅ`= `( >0) t
aÅ` >0 >0

0< <1 =1 >1

81
104
a>1
1 5 5
3Å` <9 x<2 { }Å` >8 x<-3 { }Å` ¾{ }ß` x¾6 a f(x)>a (x)
2 3 3 f(x)> (x)
1
{ }Å` É;8Á1; x¾4
0<a<1
5Å` ¾125 x¾3 2Å` <;6Á4; x<-6
3 a f(x)>a (x)
f(x)< (x)

105
1 -5x+1 1 -4x-1 x>2
23xÉ24+x xÉ2 { } >{ }
5 5
-4x-5
1 1 2x+1
22x-2x+1<0 x<1 { } -{ } ¾0 x¾-1
25 25

106
2-x+1<16 x>-3 33x-1É9 xÉ1
x+3 x-2
1 1
{ } >;2Á5; x<-1 { } É;2Á7; x¾5
5 3

107 4Å`-3´2Å`+2<0 2Å` =t`(t>0)

2Å`=t`(t>0) 4x-3´2x+2<0
Û` -3 +2<0 1 <t< 2

1 <2Å`< 2 0 <x< 1

82
19

2x-1 -x
2-2x+21<{;3Á2;} 0.23x-5É{;2Á5;} 3x-1>27-xÛ`+x

1 1

2x-1
2-2x+21<{;3Á2;} 2-2x+21<(2ÑÞ`)2x-1 2-2x+21<2-10x+5

1 -2x+21<-10x+5
8x<-16 x<-2
-x 3x-5 -2x
3x-5
0.2 É{;2Á5;} {;5!;} É{;5!;}

1 3x-5¾-2x
5x¾5 x¾1
3x-1>27-xÛ`+x 3x-1>(3Ü`)-xÛ`+x 3x-1>3-3xÛ`+3x
1 x-1>-3xÛ`+3x

3xÛ`-2x-1>0 (3x+1)(x-1)>0 x<-;3!; x>1

20 aÅ`

2_4Å` -5_2Å` +2¾0

aÅ` aÅ`= `( >0) a>0 a+1

2Å` =t`(t>0) 2_4Å` -5_2Å` +2¾0

2tÛ`-5t+2¾0 (2t-1)(t-2)¾0 tÉ;2!; t¾2

t>0 0<tÉ;2!; t¾2

0<2Å`É;2!; 2Å` ¾2 0<2Å` É2ÑÚ` 2Å` ¾2Ú`

1 xÉ-1 x¾1

108
x+2 2-3x
9ÑÅ` ¾(3'3 ÑÛ`ÑÞ`Å` x¾-;1¤1; {;4%;} >{;5$;} x<2

xÛ`+x+12 xÛ`+x
{;4!;} É{;1Á6;} -4ÉxÉ3 4Å` -3_2x+1+8<0 1<x<2

2x x+2 x-2
9Å` +3x+1É3x+2+27 xÉ2 {;3!;} +{;3!;} >{;3!;} +1 x<-2

109 4Å`+a_2Å`+b>0 x<-1 x>2 a b ab

-9

83
 21
x3x+1>xx+5 x>0

0< <1 =1 >1

x3x+1>xx+5 (x>0)
Ú 0<x<1
1 3x+1<x+5
2x<4 x<2
0<x<1 0<x<1
Û x=1
1Ý`>1ß`
Ü x>1
1 3x+1>x+5 x>2`
x>1 x>2
Ú Ü x3x+1>xx+5 0<x<1 x>2

22
1 x-1
3-x<3'3<{ }
3

x-1
3-x<3'3<{;3!;} 3-x<3;2#;<3-x+1

1 -x<;2#;<-x+1

Ú -x<;2#; x>-;2#;

Û ;2#;<-x+1 x<-;2!;

Ú Û -;2#;<x<-;2!;

110
xx+1ÉxÞ` x>0) 1ÉxÉ4 x2x-5¾xá` x>0 0<xÉ1 x¾7
-2x-3
(x+1) <(x+1)Þ` x>-1 x>0

111
3x-1 4x-12 4x-3 xÛ` x-1
{;2Á5;} <625<{;5!;} -;3!;<x<2 {;2!;} <{;2!;} <{;2!;} 1<x<3

x x-1
{;3!;} <Ü'3<{;9!;} -;3!;<x<;6%;

84
23
x 22x-3_2x+2+2k>0 k

x (aÅ` )Û`+paÅ`+q>0 p q
aÅ`= `( >0) Û`+p +q>0 >0

2Û`Å` -3_2x+2+2k>0 (2Å` )Û`-12_2Å` +2k>0 y

y=f(t)
2Å` =t`(t>0) tÛ`-12t+2k>0 yy
f(t)=tÛ`-12t+2k=(t-6)Û`+2k-36
t>0 t f(t)>0 2k-36

t>0 f(t) f(6) f(6)>0 6 t

f(6)=2k-36>0 k>18

24
1 75`
1
1024

4 5 6 7 8

1 75` 1
1 1
n
4 1024
1 n 1 n
{ } É;10Á24; { } É{;4!;}Þ` n¾5
4 4
5

112 x k

25Å` -2_5x+1+k-2>0 k>27

2x x-1
{;3!;} +2_{;3!;} +k+1¾0 k¾-1

xÛ`+2x
{;5!;} É25x+k k¾2

113 A¼ t A
A=A¼ k` k
2000 1 1000
250 m m
3

85
STEP 1
96
Û x=1
2-5x+3>(16'2)-2x+1 x>;8#; (2'2 x+1
¾8-10x-2 x¾-;2°1;
2x x+2 Ü x>1
1 Å` xÉ-4
{;3!;} É{;2Á7;} _{ } x2x+5>x3x-2 x>0 1<x<7 2x+5>3x-2
'3 2x ;2&;x+6 x<7
2-5x+3>2-9x+;2(; x>;8#; {;3!;} É{;3!;} xÉ-4 x>1 1<x<7
;2#;x+;2#; -30x-6 Ú 0<x<1 2x+5<3x-2 x>7 Ú Ü
2 ¾2 x¾-;2°1;
0<x<1 1<x<7
1 8x
97 4xÛ`É{
'2
} x M m

M+m -2
(2Û`)xÛ`É(2-;2!;)8x 22xÛ`É2-4x
2xÛ`É-4x -2ÉxÉ0
M=0 m=-2 M+m=-2

98 48É32x+21É4_3x+1-6 x

✔ 1 2 3 4 5
Ú 48É3Û`Å` +21 Û 3Û`Å` +21É4_3x+1-6 3Å` =t (t>0)
3 tÛ`-12t+27É0 3ÉtÉ9
27É3Û`Å` 3Ü`É3Û`Å` x¾
2 1ÉxÉ2
3
2
Ú Û ÉxÉ2 x
STEP 2
2 1
1
99 (2Å` -32){
3Å`
-27}>0 x ab>0
HjK a>0 b>0
✔ 7 8 9 10 11 a<0 b<0
1 1 Ú Û
Ú 2Å` -32>0 -27>0 Û 2Å` -32<0 -27<0
3Å ` 3Å `
-3<x<5 x -2
x>5 x<-3 x<5 x>-3
-1 0 y 3 4 7
x -3<x<5

100 a_36x-b_6x+6É0 -1ÉxÉ1 a b aÅ `

a+b 43 aÅ`=t`(t>0)
atÛ`-:£6¦:at+aÉ0 t
6Å`=t`(t>0) ;6!;ÉtÉ6
a>0 a+1
atÛ`-bt+6É0 yy -b=-:£6¦:a 6=a
tÛ` a
a+b=6+37=43
x
1 x
101 A={x|32x+2-82_3x+9=0} B=[x {;4!;} +2_{ } >8]
2
A B -2 Ú Û
Ú 3Å`=t (t>0) 9tÛ`-82t+9=0 1 Å` A B={-2}
Û { } = ( >0) Û`+2 -8>0
1 2 A B
t= t=9 x=-2 x=2
9 >0 >2 x<-1 -2

102 x k

xÛ`-(2k+1-4)x+2û`>0 0<k<2 4Å` -2x+3+k+1>0 k>15

xÛ`-(2k+1-4)x+2û`=0 D<0 2Å` =t (t>0)
D tÛ`-8t+k+1=(t-4)Û`+k-15>0
=(2û`-2)Û`-2û`<0 2Û` û`-5_2û`+4<0
4 t>0 t
2û`=t (t>0) tÛ`-5t+4<0 k-15>0 k>15
1<t<4 0<k<2

86
103 y=2Å` y=2x-2
y=1 y=3
4
y=2Å` ÑÛ` y=2Å` x 2
B C A+C=A+B
2_2=4

6
104 f(x)=
3Å`+3ÑÅ`
3

3Å`>0 3ÑÅ` >0 3Å`+3ÑÅ`¾2"Ã3Å`´3ÑÅ`=2

3Å`+3ÑÅ` 2
f(x) 3Å`+3ÑÅ` f(x) ;2^;=3

105 y=4Å`+4-x-2k(2Å`+2-x) -2 k 2 x+2 -x=t(t>0)

t
k<2 1
2Å`+2ÑÅ`=t`(t>0) t=2Å`+2ÑÅ`¾2"Ã2Å`´2ÑÅ` =2
y=tÛ`-2-2kt=(t-k)Û`-kÛ`-2 yy
k<2 t¾2 t=2 -4k+2=-2 k=1

x+y=3
106 [
3Å`+3´`=12
x=a y=b ab 2 x+y=3
x+y
3Å`_3´`=3x+y=3Ü`
x+y=3 3 =3Å`´3´`=27
=27
3Å`= 3´`= ( >0 >0) [ =3 =9 =9 =3
+ =12
a b a b
3 =3 3 =9 3 =9 3 =3 a=1 b=2 a=2 b=1 ab=2
1 xÛ`
107 { } >('2 )kx
4
x 3 k

M m M+m 29

2-2xÛ`>2;2!;kx ;2!;x(4x+k)<0 yy x 3 x -3 -2 -1
-4É-;4K;<-3 12<kÉ16
k -;4K;<x<0
M=16 m=13 M+m=29

108 x 9Å` -2k_3Å` +16¾0

k kÉ4
3Å` =t (t>0) tÛ`-2kt+16¾0 yy Û k=0 f(t)=tÛ`+16¾0
f(t)=tÛ`-2kt+16=(t-k)Û`+16-kÛ` Ü k<0 f(0)=16¾0 t
Ú k>0 t>0 f(t) f(k)
f(k)=16-kÛ`¾0 -4ÉkÉ4 Ú Ü kÉ4

109 1 2 1 4
10
2720 m m
4
n 2720
10´2Ç`+10´4Ç`¾2720 (2Ç`)Û`+2Ç`-272¾0
2Ç`=t (t>0) tÛ`+t-272¾0 t>0 t¾16 n¾4
4
m=4

87
80
 01
1.
y=aÅ``(a>0 a+1)

x=logŒ`y x y y=aÅ`
y=logŒ`x`(a>0, a+1) a

y=2Å` y=logª`x 2

2. y=logŒ`x`(a>0 a+1) 2
y=logŒ`x`(a>0 a+1) y=aÅ` y=logŒ`x
y=aÅ` y=x

(1, 0), (a, 1) y ` x=0

a>1 x y
0<a<1 x y

y=logŒ`x y=log;a!;`x x
y=logŒ`x y=aÅ`
y=logŒ`x y=aÅ` y=x

y=log;a!;`x=-logŒ`x -y=logŒ`x y=logŒ`x y=log;a!;`x x

3. y=logŒ`x`(a>0 a+1) 3, 4

y=logŒ`x x m y n
y-n=logŒ(x-m) y=logŒ (x-m)+n

y=logŒ(x-m)+n {x|x>m} x=m

90
 y=log£`x x 1 y
1
y=log£(x-1)+1

y=logŒ`x`(a>0 a+1)
1
x -y=logŒ`x y=logŒ`
x
y y=logΠ(-x)
1
-y=logŒ(-x) y=logŒ` { }
x
y=x x=logŒ`y y=aÅ`

y=x x y y x x y

y=logª`x

x -y=logª`x y=logª`;[!;

y y=logª(-x)

-y=logª(-x) y=logª{-;[!;}

y=x x=logª`y y=2Å`

4. 5

y=logŒ`x`(a>0 a+1)
a>1 0<xÁ<x logŒ xÁ<logŒ x x y

0<a<1 0<xÁ<x logŒ xÁ>logŒ x x y

log°`3 log°`;2!; log°`'6 log;3!;`0.8 log;3!;`4 log;3!;`'5

;2!;<'6<3 y=log°`x x y

log°`;2!;<log°`'6<log°`3

0.8<'5<4 y=log;3!;`x x y
log;3!;`0.8>log;3!;`'5>log;3!;`4 log;3!;`4<log;3!;`'5<log;3!;`0.8

91
114 f(x)=logª`x (x)=log;3!;`x

f(4) 2 f {;2!;} -1 f(1) 0

{;9!;} 2 (27) -3 (1) 0

115 f(x)=logŒ`x`(a>0 a+1)

a>1 xÁ<xª f(xÁ) < `f(xª)

0<a<1 xÁ<xª f(xÁ) > `f(xª)
y
x=0)

116
`` ``
y=log£(x-1) ` ` x x>1 y=log;2!;`x+2 ``
`` ``
`` x=1 ` `y ` x=0)

117
y=logª(x+1)+1 y=logª`x x
-1 y 1

y=-log£`x y=log£`x x

118 y=5Å` y=aÅ` `(a>0 a+1)

y=logŒ`x`(a>0 a+1)

y=5Å`

y=5Å` x= log°`y

x y y=5Å`
y= log°`x

92
01
f(x)=logŒ(2x+3)+2 (a>0 a+1) f(3)=4 f(12)

f(3)=4
logŒ`9+2=4 logŒ`9=2 aÛ`=9 a=3 a>0)
f(x)=log£(2x+3)+2
f(12)=log£`27+2=3+2=5

02
y=log°`x

(1 0)
x

x x y
y=5Å` y=x

y=log°`x y=5Å
y y=x
(1 0)
y 1 y=log `x

1 x
x x y
y=log°`x y=5Å` y=log°`x y=5Å`
y=x

1
119 f(x)={;9!;}Å` (x)=log£`xÛ` ( f){- }
2
2

120 y=log;2!;`x

(0 1)
y
x x y
f(x)=log;2!;`x x xª x +xª f(x )+f(xª)
y=2Å` y=x

93
 03

y=log£(x+1)+2 y=log£(-x)-1

y=log£`(x+1)+2 y=log£`x x
-1 y 2

x x>-1
x=-1

y=log£(-x)-1 y=log£`x y y

y -1 y=log `x

-3 1 x
x x<0 y y=log (-x)-1
` x=0

04
y=logª`x x m y n
y=logª(4x-8)+1 m+n

y=logª(4x-8)+1 y=logª{4(x-2)}+1
y=logª`4+logª(x-2)+1 y=logª(x-2)+3
y=logª(4x-8)+1 y=logª`x x 2 y
3 m=2 n=3
m+n=5

`` `` ``
` ` x x>-2 ` ` x x<0 ` ` x x>3
`` `` ``
`` x=-2 ` `y ` x=0) `` x=3

121
y=log;2!;(x+2)+1 y=log;2!;(-x)-2 y=-log;2!;(x-3)

122 y=log£`x x m y n
y=log£(27x+9) mn -1

123 y=log 15 `x x x 2 y

-3 y=log°(x-2)-3

94
05

1
3 logª`7 log¢`63 log;3!;`2 log;3!;` -1
2

a>1 , 0<xÁ<x HjK logŒ`xÁ<logŒ`x

0<a<1 , 0<xÁ<x HjK logŒ`xÁ>logŒ`x

3=log¢`4Ü`=log¢`64 logª`7=log2Û``7Û`=log¢`49 log¢`63

49<63<64 y=log¢`x x y
log¢`49<log¢`63<log¢`64
log log
1 -1
log;3!;`2 log;3!;`;2!; -1=log;3!; { } =log;3!;`3
3
;2!;<2<3 y=log;3!;`x x y

log;3!;`;2!;>log;3!;`2>log;3!;`3 log;3!;`;2!;>log;3!;`2>-1

-1 log;3!;` log;3!;`;2!;

06

y=3Å` ÑÛ`+1 y=logª(x-1)+1

y=3x-2+1 {y|y>1}
y=3Å` ÑÛ`+1 y-1=3Å` ÑÛ`
x-2=log£(y-1) x=log£(y-1)+2
x y y=3Å` ÑÛ`+1 y=log (x-1)+2
y=logª(x-1)+1 {x|x>1}

y=logª(x-1)+1 y-1=logª(x-1)
x-1=2´` ÑÚ` x=2´` ÑÚ`+1
x y y=logª(x-1)+1 y=2Å` ÑÚ`+1

124
log¢`25 log¥`80 2 2<log `80<log¢`25 log;2!;`3 log;2!;`4 log;2!;`5 log;2!;`5<log;2!;`4<log;2!;`3

125
x-1

y=2ÑÅ` ±Ú`-3 y=log;2!; (x+3)+1 y=log;3!;(x-2)+1 y={;3!;} +2

126 y=log¢(x+a)-3 y=4Å` ±º`-1 a b a+b

4

95
 07
y=logª`x y=x
-c
x y

y=logª`x (1 0) a=1
y=logª`x (b 1) 1=logª`b b=2
y=logª`x (c 2) 2=logª`c c=2Û`=4
y=logª`x ( 4)
4=logª` =2Ý`=16 -c=16-4=12

08
y=logª`x y=logª(x+4)

x y

y logª`4=2
y 2 x 2=logª`x 4
y logª(4+4)=logª`8=3
y=logª(x+4) y=logª`x x
-4
£= ª
Á+ ª= Á+ £ 4_1=4

127 y=2Å` y=logª`x

a x y 16

128 y=log£`x y=log£`x+1

x=3 x=4 1

96
STEP 1
110 f(x)=log£`x+k`log®`81 f(27)=f(9) k
;2#;
4
f(27)=log£`27+k`logª¦`81=3+ k f(9)=log£`9+k`log»`81=2+2k
3
f(27)=f(9) 3+;3$;k=2+2k ;3@;k=1 k=;2#;

111 y=log£(x-5)+2

{x|x>5}

✔ y=3Å` ±Û`+5
y=log£`x x 5 y
2
x>5 x x y
y=log£(x-5)+2 y=3Å` ÑÛ`+5

112 y=logª(x-a)+b y=logŒ (x-m)+n

x=m
x=-2 a b ab 2
y=logª(x-a)+b x=a
a=-2
y=logª(x+2)+b yy
(0 0) 0=logª`2+b b=-1 ab=(-2)_(-1)=2

x
113 y=log£ {
9
-1} y=log£`x x y=logŒ x x
m y
m y n 10(m+n) n
70

y=log£{;9{;-1}=log£(x-9)-2
y=logŒ(x-m)+n

y=log£`x x 9 y -2
m=9 n=-2 10(m+n)=70

114 y=logª`x

y=log;2!;`4x y=logª`'§x
1
y=2Å` ÑÚ` y=logª`
x

y=log;2!;`4x=-2-logª`x
1
y=logª`'§x= `logª`x
2
y=2Å` ÑÚÚ` y=logª`x y=x x 1

y=logª`
1
x
=-logª`x 97
115 0<a<1
0<xÁ<xª
1
A=2`log0.1`3'3 B=log` C=log0.1`3-1 HjK logŒ`xÁ>logŒ`xª
25

A<B<C A<C<B B<C<A

✔ C<A<B C<B<A
A=2`log0.1`3'3=log0.1`27 B=log`;2Á5;=log0.1`25 C=log0.1`3-1=log0.1`30
25<27<30 y=log0.1`x x y
log0.1`30<log0.1`27<log0.1`25 C<A<B

116 f(x)=x+1 (x)=2Å` y= `f(x))

y=logª`x-1
y=2x+1 logª`y=x+1 x=logª`y-1
x y y=logª`x-1

117 y=logª`x y=log¢`x x k

x=k
y
=2 k
16 k>1
=2 logª`k-log¢`k=2
logª`k-;2!;`logª`k=2

;2!;`logª`k=2 logª`k=4 k=2Ý`=16

STEP 2
118 f(x) f(7)=0 f(11)=1 y=f(x)
y=logª`x+1 x a y b
a+b 0
f(x)=logª(x-a)+1+b
f(7)=0 f(11)=1 a=3 b=-3
a+b=0

1
119 1<a<2 A=logª`a B=logª`
a
C=logŒ`2

A<B<C A<C<B ✔ B<A<C

B<C<A C<A<B
1
A=logª`a B=logª`;a!;=-logª`a C=logŒ`2=
logª`a
1<a<2 y=logª`x x y
0< <1 -1<B<0 C>1 B<A<C
k
120 y=100kx y=
288
`log`x y=x

k -12
kx k 1
y=100 y= `log`x y=100kx y= `log`x
288 2k
1 k
= k=-12 k<0)
2k 288

98
121
4
y=logª`x x

2 3 ✔ 2+logª`3
2+logª`5 4`logª`3
4 =4 x k
logª`k=4 k=2Ý`=16
=4 x 16-4=12 =logª`12=logª(2Û`_3)=2+logª`3

122 y=2Å` y=logª`x

y 2Ú`ß`

x y
y 1 x a
1=logª`a a=2 (2 1)
x 2 y 2Û`=4 (2 4)
y 4 x c
4=logª`c c=2Ý`=16 (16 4)
x 16 y 2Ú`ß`

123 y= (x)
y=logª (x-1)
y=x y= (x)
(2 b) y=logª(x-1)
(a b) a+b
38
y=logª(x-1) y=2Å` +1 (x)=2Å`+1
b=2Û`+1=5 5=logª(a-1) a=33
a+b=33+5=38

124 y=logª`x
(xÁ yÁ) (xª yª)
(2 0) (16 0)
1 2 m` `n(m>0 n>0)
x 4
mxª+nxÁ myª+nyÁ
x y {
m+n m+n
}
y logª`2=1 (0 1) y logª`16=4 (0 4)
1` `2 (0 2)
x a logª`a=2 a=4 x 4

125 y=logª(x+1)
y=logª(x+1)+2 x=0
x=3 6
y=logª (x+1)+2 y=logª (x+1) y
2
Á= £ ª+ £= ª+ Á
ª+ £= ª+ Á=3_2=6

99
 02
1. 9

{x|mÉxÉn} f(x)=logŒ`x`(a>0 a+1)

a>1 x=m (m) x=n (n)
0<a<1 x=m (m) x=n (n)

f(x)=logŒ`x`(a>0 a+1) a

a>1 0<a<1
y y
y=f(x) m n
f(n) 1 x
f(m)
f(m)
f(n)
1 m n x y=f(x)

{x|mÉxÉn} f(x)=logŒ`x
a>1
x y x=m f(m) x=n f(n)
0<a<1 {y| f(m)ÉyÉ f(n)}

x y x=m f(m) x=n f(n)

{y| f(n)ÉyÉ f(m)}

2ÉxÉ4 y=logª`x x=2 logª`2=1 x=4

logª`4=2

1
;3!;ÉxÉ9 y=log;3!;`x x=;3!; log;3!;` =1 x=9
3
log;3!;`9=-2

2. y=logŒ` (x)`(a>0 a+1) 10, 11

y=logŒ`f(x)
a>1
f(x) logŒ` (x)
f(x) logŒ` (x)
0<a<1
f(x) logŒ` (x)
f(x) logŒ` (x)

100
 1
129 [x| ÉxÉ1]
2
y=logª`x

y=logª`x x y
1
ÉxÉ1 y=logª`x x= 1 0
2
x= ;2!; -1

1
130 [x| ÉxÉ3]
9
y=log;3!;`x

y=log;3!;`x x y
1
ÉxÉ3 y=log;3!;`x x= ;9!; 2
9
x= 3 -1

131 y=logŒ`x
a>1
` `2 x
y=log£`x (3ÉxÉ9) ` `2 y=log;4!;`x {;1Á6;ÉxÉ4} ` `-1
` `1 y
` `4 0<a<1
y=log°`x (xÉ1) ` `0 y=log;2!;`x {xÉ;1Á6;} x
y

101
 09

y=logª(x-2) (4ÉxÉ6) y=log;3!;(x+1)-2 (2ÉxÉ8)

y=logª(x-2) 2 2>1 x
y
4ÉxÉ6 y=logª(x-2)
x=4 logª`2=1
x=6 logª`4=2

2, 1
1
y=log;3!; (x+1)-2 0<;3!;<1 x
3
y
2ÉxÉ8 y=log;3!; (x+1)-2
x=2 log;3!;`3-2=-3
x=8 log;3!;`9-2=-4

-3, -4

KEY
Point y=logŒ`x (a>0 a+1)
a>1 y=logŒ`x x y
x y x y
0<a<1 y=logŒ`x x y
x y x y

132
y=logª(x+1)-3 (1ÉxÉ7) 0 -2

y=log;3!; (2x+1)+3 (1ÉxÉ4) 2 1

133 {x|6ÉxÉ8} y=log;2!;(x-a) -2

a -1

102
 10
y=logª(xÛ`-4x+6) x=a b a+b

f(x)=xÛ`-4x+6 y=logª(xÛ`-4x+6) y=logª` f(x)

y=logª` f(x) 2 1 y=logª` f(x) f(x)
f(x)=xÛ`-4x+6=(x-2)Û`+2 f(x) x=2 2
y=logª` f(x) x=2 logª`2=1
a=2 b=1 a+b=3

11
{x|-2ÉxÉ1} y=log;2!;(-xÛ`-2x+7)

f(x)=-xÛ`-2x+7 y=log;2!; (-xÛ`-2x+7) y=log;2!;` f(x)

1
y=log;2!; `f(x) 1 y=log;2!;` f(x) f(x)
2
f(x)
f(x)=-xÛ`-2x+7=-(x+1)Û`+8 -2ÉxÉ1 f(x)
x=-1 8 x=1 4
-2ÉxÉ1 y=log;2!; ` f(x) x=-1
log;2!;`8=-3 x=1 log;2!;`4=-2
-2, -3

KEY
Point y=logŒ` f(x)`(a>0, a+1)
a>1 f(x) logŒ` f(x) f(x) logŒ` f(x)
0<a<1 f(x) logŒ` f(x) f(x) logŒ` f(x)

134 y=logª(-xÛ`+6x+7) x=a b a+b 7

135 y=logŒ(xÛ`-2x+5) -2 a ;2!;

a>0 a+1)

136 {x|-2ÉxÉ1} y=log;2!;(xÛ`+2x+5)

` `-2 ` `-3
103
 12

y=(log£`x)Û`-log£`xÛ`+2 (3ÉxÉ9)

y=(log;2!;`x){log;2!;`;[$;} {;4!;ÉxÉ2}

y=(log£`x)Û`-log£`xÛ`+2
=(log£`x)Û`-2`log£`x+2
log£`x=t 3ÉxÉ9 log£`3Élog£`xÉlog£`9
1ÉtÉ2
y=tÛ`-2t+2=(t-1)Û`+1 (1ÉtÉ2) yy
1ÉtÉ2 t=1 1 t=2 2

2, 1
4
y=(log;2!;`x){log;2!;` }=log;2!;`x(log;2!;`4-log;2!;`x)
x
=log;2!;`x(-2-log;2!;`x)=-(log;2!;`x)Û`-2`log;2!;`x

log;2!;`x=t ;4!;ÉxÉ2 log;2!;`2Élog;2!;`xÉlog;2!;`;4!;

-1ÉtÉ2
y=-tÛ`-2t=-(t+1)Û`+1 yy`
-1ÉtÉ2 t=-1 1 t=2 -(2+1)Û`+1=-8

1, -8

log£`x=1 x=3 1
log£`x=2 x=9 2

KEY
Point logŒ`x
logŒ`x=t t

137
y=(log;3!;`x)Û`-log;3!;`xÛ`+2 (3ÉxÉ9) 10 5

y={log£`;9{;}{log£`;[#;} (1ÉxÉ27) ;4!; -2

1
138 y=2(log£`x)Û`+a`log£`
xÛ`
+b x=;3!; 1 a b

a+b 1

104
 13
x>0 y>0 log£ {2x+;]!;}+log£ {y+;[@;}

log£ {2x+;]!;}+log£ {y+;[@;}=log£ [{2x+;]!;}{y+;[@;}]=log£ {2xy+;[ª];+5} yy

2
3 1 2xy+ +5
xy
x>0 y>0

2xy+;[ª];+5¾2®É2xy_;[ª];+5=9 xy=1

2
2xy+ +5 9 log£`9=2
xy

14
{x|1ÉxÉ100} y=x2+log`x

y=x2+log`x
log`y=log`x2+log`x=(2+log`x)log`x=(log`x)Û`+2`log`x
log`x=t
1ÉxÉ100 log`1Élog`xÉlog`100 0ÉtÉ2
log`y=tÛ`+2t=(t+1)Û`-1
0ÉtÉ2 log`y
t=2 8
t=0 0
y 10¡` 10â`=1
10¡` 1

KEY
Point [ ]

139 x>1 y=log¢`x+log®`256 4

140 x>0 y>0 x+y=6 log;3!;`x+log;3!;`y -2

141 {x|1ÉxÉ1000} y=(100x)6-log`x x=a b

ab 10Ú`¡`

105
STEP 1
126 {x|21ÉxÉ27} f(x)=-log 13 `xÛ`
g(x)=log 1 (x-18)+2 f(x) M g(x)
3

m M+m 6
f(x) x=27 f(27)=log£`27Û`=6 M=6
g(x) x=27 g(27)=log;3!;`9+2=0 m=0
M+m=6

127 {x|1ÉxÉ5} y=logª(x+3)-1 M

m Mm 2
y=logª(x+3)-1 2 1 x y
1ÉxÉ5 y=logª(x+3)-1
x=1 logª`4-1=1 x=5 logª`8-1=2
M=2 m=1
Mm=2_1=2

128 {x|-2ÉxÉ1} y=log;2!; (x+3)+k 1 y=log;2!; (x+3)+k

k 1
x y
✔ -1 0 1 2 3
y=log;2!; (x+3)+k 1 x y
-2ÉxÉ1 y=log;2!; (x+3)+k x=-2 1
log;2!;`(-2+3)+k=1 k=1
y=log;2!; (x+3)+1 x=1 log;2!;`(1+3)+1=log;2!;`4+1=-2+1=-1

129 f(x)=log;2!;`x g(x)=xÛ`-2x+3 (f½g)(x)

-1
1
(f½g)(x)=f(g(x))=log;2!; (xÛ`-2x+3) 1
2
(f½g)(x) xÛ`-2x+3
xÛ`-2x+3=(x-1)Û`+2 xÛ`-2x+3 x=1 2
(f½g)(x) x=1 log;2!;`2=-1

130 1ÉxÉ4 y=log;2!; (xÛ`-4x+8)

-5 ✔ -3 -1 2 3
f(x)=xÛ`-4x+8 y=log;2!; (xÛ`-4x+8) y=log;2!;` f(x)
1
y=log;2!;` f(x) 1 y=log;2!;` f(x) f(x)
2
1ÉxÉ4 f(x)=xÛ`-4x+8=(x-2)Û`+4 x=4 8
y=log;2!;` f(x) x=4 log;2!;`8=log2ÑÚ``2Ü`=-3

131 x>0 y>0 x+3y=200 log`3x+log`y

3xy
1 2 3 ✔ 4 5
x>0 y>0 x+3y¾2'Ä3xy
200¾2'Ä3xy x+3y=200)
'Ä3xyÉ100 3xyÉ10000
log`3x+log`y=log`3xyÉlog`10000=4
log`3x+log`y 4

106
STEP 2
132 y=logΠ(x+1)+logΠ(3-x) -2 a a>1 0<a<1

a>0 a+1) ;2!;

y=logŒ(x+1)+logŒ(3-x) x -1<x<3
y=logŒ(x+1)+logŒ(3-x)=logŒ{-(x-1)Û`+4}
Ú a>1
Û 0<a<1 -1<x<3 -(x-1)Û`+4 x=1 4
1
logŒ`4 aÑÛ`=4 aÛ`= a=;2!;
4
1
133 y=(logª`x)Û`+a`log¢`x+2 x=
4
b a+b logª`x=t t

a 6
a
logª`x=t y=tÛ`+ t+2 yy
2
1
x= t=logª`;4!;=-2 b y=(t+2)Û`+b
4
y=tÛ`+4t+4+b
;2A;=4 2=4+b a=8 b=-2 a+b=8+(-2)=6
9
134 y=(log£`3x){log£` }
x
;4(;

9
y=(log£`3x){log£` }=-(log£`x)Û`+log£`x+2
x
1
log£`x=t y=-{t- }2`+;4(; yy
2
t=;2!; ;4(;

135 x>0 y>0 log£ {x+;]!;}+log£ {y+;[$;} 2 x>0 y>0

x+y¾2'¶xy
4
log£ {x+;]!;}+log£ {y+;[$;}=log£ {xy+ +5} x=y
xy
4 4
x>0 y>0 xy+ +5¾2®Éxy_ +5=9
xy xy
log£`9=2

136 a>1 b>1 logŒ`b+logbÛ``a '2

a>1 b>1 logŒ`b>0 logbÛ``a>0

logŒ`b+logbÛ``a=logŒ`b+;2!;`logº`a¾2¾¨logŒ`b_;2!;`logº`a=2®;2!;='2
'2

137 {x|1ÉxÉ1000} y=x4-log`x M

m Mm 10000
y=x4-log`x log`y=-tÛ`+4t=-(t-2)Û`+4
log`y=log`x4-log`x=(4-log`x)log`x 0ÉtÉ3 log`y t=2 4
=-(log`x)Û`+4`log`x t=0 0 y 10Ý`
log`x=t 1ÉxÉ1000 10â`=1
log`1Élog`xÉlog`1000 0ÉtÉ3 M=10000 m=1 Mm=10000

138 {x|1ÉxÉ4} y=16x-6+logª`xÜ` M

m M+m 18
y=16x-6+logª`xÜ` 2 logª`y=3(logª`x)Û`-6`logª`x+4
logª`x=t 0ÉtÉ2
logª`y=3(t-1)Û`+1
0ÉtÉ2 logª`y t=1 1 t=0 t=2 4
y 2Ú`=2 2Ý`=16
M=16 m=2 M+m=18

107
 03
1.

a>0 a+1
logŒ`x=b HjK x=aº` x>0 logŒ`xÁ=logŒ`xª HjK xÁ=xª xÁ>0 xª>0

y=logŒ`x

2. 15 16 18

logŒ` f(x)=b HjK f(x)=aº` a>0 a+1 f(x)>0)

logŒ` f(x)=logŒ`g(x) HjK f(x)=g(x) a>0 a+1 f(x)>0 g(x)>0)

logŒ`x
logŒ`x=t t

1
logŒ`f(x)=logº`f(x) HjK a=b f(x)=1 a>0 a+1 b>0 b+1 f(x)>0)

logŒ`x
a>0, a+1 x>0

2`logª`x=logª(x+12)+1
x>0 x+12>0 x>0 yy
logª`xÛ`=logª(x+12)+logª`2 logª`xÛ`=logª`2(x+12)
xÛ`=2(x+12) xÛ`-2x-24=0 (x+4)(x-6)=0 x=-4 x=6
x>0 x=6

108
142 logŒ`f(x)=b
logª`x=3 x=8 log;3!;`x=-3 x=27 log°`x=0 x=1 HjK f(x)=ab

143
logª(3x-1)=3 x=3 log;3!; (-x+6)=-2 x=-3

log£(x+2)=2 x=7 log;2!; (-3x+4)=-1 x=;3@;

log0.1 (x-2)=-1 x=12 log;3!; (-3x+1)=-1 x=-;3@;

144 a>0 a+1

logŒ`xÁ=logŒ`xª
logª(2-x)=logª(2x+5) log;5!; (-3x+1)=log;5!; (x+5) HjK xÁ=xª
x=-1 x=-1
xÁ>0 xª>0

145 (log`x)Û`-4`log`x+3=0

x> 0 yy
log`x=t (log`x)Û`-4`log`x+3=0
tÛ` -4 t +3=0 t= 1 t=3
log`x= 1 log`x=3
x= 10 x= 1000 yy
(log`x)Û`-4`log`x+3=0
x= 10 x= 1000

109
 15

logª`x+logª(x-1)=logª`6 logª(x+4)+logª`x=logª`5
logª(x-3)=log¢(x-1)

n
logaµ```bÇ` = `logŒ`b
m
x>0 x-1>0 x>1 yy
logª`x+logª(x-1)=logª`6 logª{x(x-1)}=logª`6
2 x(x-1)=6
xÛ`-x-6=0 (x-3)(x+2)=0 x=-2 x=3 yy
logª`x+logª(x-1)=logª`6 x=3
x+4>0 x>0 x>0 yy
logª(x+4)+logª`x=logª`5 logª{x(x+4)}=logª`5
2 x(x+4)=5
xÛ`+4x-5=0 (x+5)(x-1)=0 x=-5 x=1 yy
logª(x+4)+logª`x=logª`5 x=1
x-3>0 x-1>0 x>3 yy
logª(x-3)=log¢(x-1) log2Û` (x-3)Û`=log¢(x-1)
log¢(x-3)Û`=log¢(x-1)
4 (x-3)Û`=x-1
xÛ`-7x+10=0 (x-2)(x-5)=0 x=2 x=5 yy
logª(x-3)=log¢(x-1) x=5

KEY
Point

logŒ` f(x)=b HjK f(x)=aº` a>0 a+1 f(x)>0

logŒ` f(x)=logŒ` g(x) HjK f(x)= g(x) a>0 a+1 f(x)>0 g(x)>0)

146
log(xÛ`+3x)=1 x=-5 x=2 logx-2`4=2 x=4

log`x+log(x-10)=2+log`2 x=20 log;4!; (3x+1)=log;2!; (x+1) x=0 x=1

log'3 (x-1)=log£(x+5)+1 x=7 log£(2x-1)=;2!;`log£(xÛ`+5) x=2

110
 16 logŒ`x

(log°`x)Û`-log°`xÜ`+2=0 log£`x=log®`9-1

log°`x=t t
3 log£`x=t

x>0 xÜ`>0
x>0 yy
(log°`x)Û`-log°`xÜ`+2=0 (log°`x)Û`-3`log°`x+2=0
log°`x=t tÛ`-3t+2=0 (t-1)(t-2)=0 t=1 t=2
log°`x=1 log°`x=2 x=5 x=25 yy
(log°`x)Û`-log°`xÜ`+2=0
x=5 x=25
x>0 x>0 x+1
0<x<1 x>1 yy
2
log£`x=log®`9-1 log£`x=2`log®`3-1 log£`x= -1
log£`x
log£`x=t t=;t@;-1

tÛ`+t-2=0 (t+2)(t-1)=0 t=-2 t=1

log£`x=-2 log£`x=1 x=;9!; x=3 yy

log£`x=log®`9-1

x=;9!; x=3

KEY
Point logŒ`x
logŒ`x=t t

147
(log`x)Û`=3+log`xÛ` x=;1Á0; x=1000

logÁ¼`x-log®`100=1 x=;1Á0; x=100

(2+log`x)Û`+(log`x-1)Û`=(1+log`xÛ`)Û` x=;10!0; x=10

(logª`2x){logª`;2{;}=3 x=;4!; x=4

logª`x+log¥`x=2(logª`x)(log¥`x) x=1 x=4

(log£`x)Ü`-4(log»`x)Û`+log¥Á`x=0 x=1 x='3

111
 17 logŒ`x

(log;3!;`x)Û`+2`log;3!;`x-6=0 a b ab

x>0 yy
log 13 `x=t (log;3!;`x)Û`+2`log;3!;`x-6=0 tÛ`+2t-6=0 yy
(log 13 `x)Û`+2`log;3!;`x-6=0 a b t
log;3!;`a log 13 `b
log 13 `a+log;3!;`b=-2
log 13 `ab=-2 ab=9

t x={;3!;}t`>0

18

xlogª`x=8xÛ` 2log°`x´xlog°`2=6´2log°`x-8

x>0 yy
xlogª`x=8xÛ` 2 logª`xlogª`x=logª`8xÛ` (logª`x)(logª`x)=3+2`logª`x
logª`x=t tÛ`=3+2t tÛ`-2t-3=0 (t+1)(t-3)=0 t=-1 t=3

logª`x=-1 logª`x=3 x=;2!; x=8 yy

x=;2!; x=8

x>0 yy
log°`x log°`2 log°`x log°`2 log°`x log°`x log°`x log°`x
2 ´x =6´2 -8 x =2 2 ´2 =6´2 -8
(2log°`x)Û`-6´2log°`x+8=0
2log°`x=t (t>0) tÛ`-6t+8=0 (t-2)(t-4)=0 t=2 t=4
2log°`x=2 2log°`x=4 log°`x=1 log°`x=2 x=5 x=25 yy
x=5 x=25

148 a b ab

(logª`x)Û`-4`logª`x+3=0 16 logª`x-5`log®`2-2=0 4

149
1000 x=;10Á00;
xlog`x= x=10 2log`x+22-log`x=4 x=10
xÛ`
xlog`3´3log`x-5(xlog`3+3log`x)+9=0 x=1 x=100

112
19
logª`xÛ`+log£`y=5
[ x=a y=b ab
logª`x-log£`y=1

x>0 y>0
logª`xÛ`+log£`y=5 2`logª`x+log£`y=5
[ [
logª`x-log£`y=1 logª`x-log£`y=1
logª`x=X log£`y=Y
2X+Y=5 yy`
[
X-Y=1 yy`
X=2 Y=1
logª`x=2 log£`y=1 x=4 y=3
a=4 b=3
ab=12

20
x xÛ`-x`log`a-log`a+3=0 a

xÛ`-x`log`a-log`a+3=0
xÛ`-x`log`a-log`a+3=0 D D=0
D=(-log`a)Û`-4(-log`a+3)=0 (log`a)Û`+4`log`a-12=0
(log`a+6)(log`a-2)=0 log`a=-6 log`a=2
a=10Ñß` a=10Û`
a

10Ñß`_10Û`=10ÑÝ`=;100!00;

log£`x+logª`y=4
150 [
(log£`x)(logª`y)=3
x=a y=b a-b 25

x>y)

151 x (5`logª`a-1)xÛ`+2(1+logª`a)x+1=0
a 8

113
 21
T¼(¾) k(¾) t
T(¾)
T-k
t=-15`log` (k+T¼)
T¼-k
120`¾ 20`¾ 30

20`¾ 21`¾ 22`¾ 23`¾ 24`¾

T¼=120 k=20 t=30 30 T¾

T-20
30=-15`log`
120-20
T-20
-2=log` -2=log(T-20)-log`100 -2=log(T-20)-2
100
log(T-20)=0 T-20=1 T=21
30 21`¾

152 I(W/cmÛ`) I¼(W/cmÛ`)

x(dB)
I
x=10`log`
I¼
10¡``W/cmÛ` 100`dB
a(W/cmÛ`) a 10Ú`¡`

153 a l(cm)
l
a=-2`logû{1- }-0.3
30
1.7 10`cm
3.7 k>1)

✔ :°3¼:`cm 17`cm :°3ª:`cm

:°3£:`cm 18`cm

114
STEP 1
139
log£(-5x+2)=3 x=-5 logª(x-4)=log¢(x-2) x=6

logª`x-log¢`x=3(logª`x)(log¥`x) x=1 x='2

(logÁ¤`xÛ`)Û`-5`logÁ¤`x+1=0 x=2 x=16

log®`10+3`logÁ¼`x=4 log®(2x+4)+log®(x-2)=2
x=Ü '1Œ0 x=10 x=2'2

140 log£{logª(logû`x)}=0 49 k 7
k>0 k+1 yy
log£{logª(logû`x)}=0 logª(logû`x)=3â`=1 logû`x=2Ú`=2 x=kÛ`
x=49 kÛ`=49 k=7

141 (logª`x)Û`-logª`xÝ`+k=0 2 2
x=2 k=3 x=2 k
k 8
x>0
(logª`x)Û`-logª`xÝ`+3=0 x=2 x=8
8

142 a b ab

(log£`x)Û`-6`log£`'§x+2=0 27

(log£`3x)(log£`9x)-1=0 ;2Á7;
a=3 b=9 a=9 b=3 ab=3_9=27
log£`a+log£`b=-3 ab=;2Á7;

143 (log`x)Û`-k`log`x-2=0 10 k

✔ 1 ;2#; 2 ;2%; 3
(log`x)Û`-k`log`x-2=0 a b ab=10 log`x=t tÛ`-kt-2=0 yy
t log`a log`b
log`a+log`b=k k=log`ab=log`10=1

144
log`x
1
xlog¼ù Á`x= x=;1Á0; x=1000 2log`x+{;2!;} =;2%; x=;1Á0; x=10
1000xÛ`

( logª`xÛ`-2`logª`y=3
aÛ`
145 { x=a y=b
bÛ`
logª`x=X logª`y=Y
9¥ logª`xÜ`+logª`y=;2!;
8
logª`x=X logª`y=Y X=;2~!; Y=-1 x=2;2!;='2 y=2ÑÚ`=;2!;
aÛ`
a='2 b=;2!; =8
bÛ`

115
STEP 2
1
146 logª`x+a`log®`4=b 2
8
a b ab

1 2 ✔ 3 4 5
logª`x=t tÛ`-bt+2a=0
1+(-3)=b 1_(-3)=2a a=-;2#; b=-2 ab=3

147 (log`x)Û`-6`log`x-2=0 a b log`x=t

1 ;º!; tÛ`-6t-2=0
(log`x)Û`-a`log`x+b=0 a b b-a log`a log`b
a
4
log`a+log`b=6 (log`a)(log`b)=-2
1 1
a=log` +log`;ºº!;=-6 b={log` }{log`;ºº!;}=-2
a a
b-a=-2-(-6)=4

148 logx+9 (x-1)=logxÛ`-2x+5 (x-1) 6

x>1 yy x=2 x=4
Ú x+9=xÛ`-2x+5 x=-1 x=4 yy 2+4=6
Û x-1=1 x=2 yy

149
5log`x´xlog`5-6´5log`x+5=0 x=1 x=10

log°`4 log°`3
{;4{;} -{;3{;} =0 x>0) x=12

x>0
xlog`5=5log`x (5log`x)Û`-6´5log`x+5=0 x=1 x=10
log°`4 log°`3
{;4{;} ={;3{;} 5 x=12

150 t t=30 C=2

k
C(ng/mL)
log(10-C)=1-kt C<10 k
30
2(ng/mL) 60
a(ng/mL) a

3 3.2 3.4 ✔ 3.6 3.8

t=30 C=2 k=;3Á0;`log`;4%;
t
t=60 C=a log(10-C)=1- `log`;4%; log(10-a)=log`:£5ª: a=3.6
30
x
151 1 x`%
100
x`% 10
x
10`% x 20 {1-
100
}

log`80=1.9
x
{1- }1`0`=;1Á0¼0;
100
log(100-x)=1.9
log`80=1.9 100-x=80 x=20

116
04
1.

xÁ>0 xª>0
a>1 0<a<1
xÁ<xª HjK logŒ`xÁ<logŒ`xª xÁ<xª HjK logŒ`xÁ>logŒ`xª

log£`x>log£`2
x>0 >1 x>2
log;3!;`x>log;3!;`2
x>0 0< <1
0<x<2

2. 22 24 25

>1 Û logŒ` f(x)<logŒ` g(x) HjK 0< f(x)<g(x)

[
0< <1 Û logŒ` f(x)<logŒ` g(x) HjK f(x)>g(x)>0

logŒ`x
logŒ`x=t t

>0, +1, >0

117
154
logª`x<3 0<x<8 log;3!;`x¾2 0<xÉ;9!; log°`x>0 x>1

155 log£(6x-10)>log£(3x-1)

6x-10>0 3x-1>0

x>;3%; x>;3!; x> ;3%; yy

log£(6x-10)>log£(3x-1) 1
6x-10 > 3x-1 x> 3 yy
log£(6x-10)>log£(3x-1) x>3

156 a>1
logŒ`xÁ>logŒ`xª
logª(x-1)¾logª(-5x+11) log;3!; (2x-5)<log;3!; (x-3) x>3 HjK xÁ>xª
2Éx<:Á5Á: 0<a<1
logŒ`xÁ>logŒ`xª
HjK xÁ<xª
157
logª(2x-4)É3 2<xÉ6 log;3!; (3-x)¾1 ;3*;Éx<3

158 (logª`x)Û`+logª`x-2É0

x> 0 yy
logª`x=t (logª`x)Û`+logª`x-2É0
tÛ` + t -2É0 -2 ÉtÉ 1

-2 Élogª`xÉ 1 ;4!; ÉxÉ 2 yy

;4!; ÉxÉ 2

118
 22

logª`x+logª(x-1)É1 2`log;2!; (x-4)>log;2!; (x-2)

logª(x-3)Élog¢(x-1)

x>0 x-1>0 x>1 yy

logª`x+logª(x-1)É1 logª{x(x-1)}É1
logª{x(x-1)}Élogª`2
1 x(x-1)É2
xÛ`-x-2É0 (x+1)(x-2)É0 -1ÉxÉ2 yy
logª`x+logª(x-1)É1 1<xÉ2
x-4>0 x-2>0
x>4 x>2 x>4 yy
2`log;2!; (x-4)>log;2!; (x-2) log;2!; (x-4)Û`>log;2!; (x-2)
1 (x-4)Û`<x-2
xÛ`-9x+18<0 (x-3)(x-6)<0 3<x<6 yy
2`log;2!; (x-4)>log;2!; (x-2) 4<x<6
x-3>0 x-1>0
x>3 x>1 x>3` yy
logª(x-3)Élog¢(x-1) log2Û` (x-3)Û`Élog¢(x-1)
log¢(x-3)Û`Élog¢(x-1)
1 (x-3)Û`Éx-1
xÛ`-7x+10É0 (x-2)(x-5)É0 2ÉxÉ5 yy
logª(x-3)Élog¢(x-1) 3<xÉ5

KEY
Point
Ú >0 +1 >0
Û
1
1

159
-1<log;2!;`x<2 ;4!;<x<2 log;2!; (x-5)+log;2!; (x-6)>-1 6<x<7

log0.5 (x-3)>2`log0.5 (x-5) x>7 log(11-x)+log`x<1 0<x<1 10<x<11

log;2!; (x-1)>log;4!; (2x+6) 1<x<5 logª(x+1)-log¢(2x-1)>log¢(x-1)

1<x<5

119
 23
logª(log;2!;`x)<1

log;2!;`x>0 x>0
log;2!;`x>0 log;2!;`x>log;2!;`1 1 x<1
0<x<1 yy
logª(log;2!;`x)<1 logª(log;2!;`x)<logª`2

1 log;2!;`x<2 log;2!;`x<log;2!;`;4!;

1 x>;4!; yy

logª(log;2!;`x)<1 ;4!;<x<1

24 logŒ`x

log;3!;`xÜ`+(log;3!;`x)Û`<-2

log;3!;`x=t t

xÜ`>0 x>0 x>0 yy

log;3!;`xÜ`+(log;3!;`x)Û`<-2 (log;3!;`x)Û`+3`log;3!;`x+2<0
log;3!;`x=t tÛ`+3t+2<0 (t+1)(t+2)<0
-2<t<-1
-2 -1
-2<log;3!;`x<-1 log;3!; {;3!;} <log;3!;`x<log;3!; {;3!;}
-2 -1
1 {;3!;} >x>{;3!;}

3<x<9 yy
log;3!;`xÜ`+(log;3!;`x)Û`<-2 3<x<9

160
log¢(logª`x-1)É1 2<xÉ32 log;2!; (log£`x)¾-1 1<xÉ9

2(log£`x)Û`+5`log£`x-3<0 ;2Á7;<x<'3 (log;2!;`x)Û`-log;2!;`x-12>0

0<x<;1Á6; x>8
'2
(log;3!;`x)(log;3!;`9x)É3 ;2Á7;ÉxÉ3 (logª`8xÛ`){log;2!;`;[$;}<9 8
<x<8

161 (log£`x)Û`+log;3!;`xÛ`>8 0<x<a x>b ab 9

120
 25
xlogª`x<8xÛ`

x>0 yy
logª`x
x <8xÛ` 2 1
logª`xlogª`x<logª`8xÛ` (logª`x)(logª`x)<logª`8+logª`xÛ` (logª`x)Û`<3+2`log`x
logª`x=t tÛ`<3+2t
tÛ`-2t-3<0 (t+1)(t-3)<0 -1<t<3
-1<logª`x<3 logª`2ÑÚ`<logª`x<logª`2Ü`

1 ;2!;<x<8 yy

xlogª`x<8xÛ` ;2!;<x<8

26
log°`x>log°`8
[ `
logª`x+logª(x-4)Élogª(x+5)+2

Ú log°`x>log°`8
x>0 yy
log°`x>log°`8 1 x>8 yy
log°`x>log°`8 x>8
 Û logª`x+logª(x-4)Élogª(x+5)+2
x>0 x-4>0 x+5>0
x>0 x>4 x>-5 x>4 yy
logª`x+logª(x-4)Élogª(x+5)+2 logª{x(x-4)}Élogª(x+5)+logª`4
logª{x(x-4)}Élogª{4(x+5)}
1 x(x-4)É4(x+5)
xÛ`-8x-20É0 (x+2)(x-10)É0 -2ÉxÉ10 yy
logª`x+logª(x-4)Élogª(x+5)+2 4<xÉ10
 Ú Û 8<xÉ10

162
log;2!;`x-2
xlog£`x<27xÛ` ;3!;<x<27 {;2!;x} ¾2ÑÝ` ;8!;ÉxÉ4

2log°`x´xlog°`2¾10´2log°`x-16 0<xÉ5 x¾125

163
2`log;2!; (x-2)¾log;2!; (2x-1) 2x+3>4
[ 2<xÉ4 [ -1<x<2
logª(log¢`x)É0 2`log(x+3)<log(5x+15)

121
 27
x (log;3!;`x)Û`-6`log;3!;`x+3`log 13 `k>0

x>0 k>0 yy
log;3!;`x=t x t (log;3!;`x)Û`-6`log;3!;`x+3`log;3!;`k>0
tÛ`-6t+3`log;3!;`k>0 yy
t t tÛ`-6t+3`log;3!;`k=0 D
D<0
D
=3Û`-3`log;3!;`k<0 3-log;3!;`k<0 log;3!;`k>3 log;3!;`k>log;3!;`;2Á7;
4
1 k<;2Á7; yy

k 0<k<;2Á7;

28
x xÛ`-2(1+log`a)x+1-(log`a)Û`=0
a

a>0 yy`
xÛ`-2(1+log`a)x+1-(log`a)Û`=0 D D>0
D
=(1+log`a)Û`-{1-(log`a)Û`}>0
4
2(log`a)Û`+2`log`a>0 2`log`a(log`a+1)>0
log`a<-1 log`a>0

log`a<log`;1Á0; log`a>log`1

1 a<;1Á0; a>1 yy`

a 0<a<;1Á0; a>1

xÝ`
164 x (logª`x)Û`¾logª`
a
a
16

165 x xÛ`-2(1-logª`a)x-3(logª`a-1)=0
a ;4!;<a<2

122
29
65 20`%
2000 1000 65 50
0.3`% 65 4`%

log`1.003=0.0013 log`1.04=0.0170 log`2=0.3010

2048 2050 2038 2040 2028 2030

2018 2020 2008 2010

n 1000(1+0.003)Ç`
n 65 50(1+0.04)Ç``
65 0.2
50(1+0.04)Ç`
¾0.2 50_1.04Ç` ¾200_1.003Ç`
1000(1+0.003)Ç`
1.04Ç` ¾4_1.003Ç`
n`log`1.04¾log`4+n`log`1.003
n(log`1.04-log`1.003)¾2`log`2 0.0157n¾0.6020
0.6020
n¾ =38.
0.0157
2000 38.
2038 2040

166 A`kg t
t

A{ 1 } `kg50
500`kg
3
5`kg m m
log`3=0.48 209

167 10`%
2`%
log`2=0.3010 log`3=0.4771

36 37 ✔ 38 39 40

123
STEP 1
152
2`log;2!; (x-2)>log;2!; (xÛ`+1) log£(-5x+1)<4 -16<x<;5!;
x>2
logª{logª(logª`x)}É1 2<xÉ16 (logª`x)Û`+logª`x-2¾0
0<xÉ;4!; x¾2

153 logx-2 (2xÛ`-11x+14)<2 ;2&;<x<5

154 2`log;3!; (x-4)>log;3!; (x-2) a<x<b ab

6 12 18 ✔ 24 30
x>4 yy
2`log;3!; (x-4)>log;3!; (x-2) 3<x<6 yy
4<x<6
ab=24

155 log0.2`|x|<2 x<-0.04 x>0.04 0< <1

|x|>0 |x|>0.04
x+0 yy x<-0.04 x>0.04 yy`
log0.2|x|<2 log0.2|x|<log0.2`0.2Û` ,
0<( )<1 |x|>0.2Û` x<-0.04 x>0.04

b
156 (log;2!;`8x){logª`;2{;}>0 a<x<b
a

10 12 14 ✔ 16 18
x>0 yy` (log;2!;`8x){logª`;2{;}>0 ;8!;<x<2 yy`
b
;8!;<x<2 =16
a

1
157 (1+log£`x)(a-log£`x)>0
3
<x<9 a
2
1 -1<log£`x<2 yy`
<x<9
3 (log£`x+1)(log£`x-2)<0
3 1 (log£`x+1)(2-log£`x)>0
log£`;3!;<log£`x<log£`9 (1+log£`x)(2-log£`x)>0 a=2

-2+logª(xÛ`-4x)
2 logª(x-3)
158 {;3@;} ¾{ }
3
x 6 0<a<1
xÁÉxª HjK axÁ¾axª
x>4 yy` 2ÉxÉ6 yy`
0< <1 4<xÉ6
-2+logª (xÛ`-4x)Élogª (x-3) x 6
logª (xÛ`-4x)Élogª{4(x-3)}

124
STEP 2
1
159 logŒ(x+3)-logŒ(1-x)>1 - <x<1
3
a

a+1) 2
-3<x<1 -;3!;<x<1 Û 0<a<1
a-3 1
Ú a>1 x> a-3 - <x<1
a+1 =-;3!; a=2 3
a+1 Ú Û a=2
160 (logª`4x)Û`-4`log'2`x-1<0 xÛ`+mx+n<0
m n m+n 6
(logª`4x)Û`-4`log'2`x-1<0 2<x<8
(x-2)(x-8)<0 xÛ`-10x+16<0
m=-10 n=16 m+n=-10+16=6

( 2`log;2!; (x-5)>log;2!; (x+7)

161 { Û`  a<x<b ab
9¥ {logª`;2{;} -logª`xÛ`+2<0
Ú 2`log;2!;`(x-5)>log;2!;`(x+7) 5<x<9
40
Û {logª`;2{;}2`-logª`xÛ`+2<0 2<x<8
Ú Û 5<x<8
a=5 b=8 ab=40

162 x log£(xÛ`-2kx+36)¾3
k M m Mm -9
log£(xÛ`-2kx+36)¾3 xÛ`-2kx+9¾0
D
xÛ`-2kx+9=0 D =kÛ`-9É0 -3ÉkÉ3
4
Mm=3_(-3)=-9
163 x 8xÛ`+log¥`a>a-2x a 8
6
8 D
=(log¥`a)Û`-log¥`a<0 1<a<8
xÛ`+2x`log¥`a+log¥`a>0 4
xÛ`+2x`log¥`a+log¥`a=0 D a 2 3 4 5 6 7 6

164 x (3+logª`a)xÛ`+2(1+logª`a)x+1=0 D
D>0
a

;8!; ;4!; ;2!; 2 ✔ 4

3+logª`a+0 a+;8!; yy` a<;4!; a>2 yy`
a>0 yy` 0<a<;8!; ;8!;<a<;4!; a>2
D
=(1+logª`a)Û`-(3+logª`a)>0
4
165 2
2
1000
5
23

, log`2=0.3010, 1 10á`
1000_2Ç` >5_10á` 2Ç` >5_10ß`
7-log`2
log`2Ç` >log(5_10ß`) n> =22.
log`2
23

125
 1 y
166
x=b
l l
2 log `b
B
y=log `x
y=logª`x
log `a A H y=log `a
A(a logª`a) B(b logª`b)
O a b x
l x=b y=logª`a
4 a+b 0<a<b)

6 :Á3»: ✔ :ª3¼: 7 :ª3:ª

AHB 4 logª`b-logª`a
=;2!; b-a=4 b=4a
b-a
;2!;(b-a)(logª`b-logª`a)=4
a=;3$; b=:Á3¤: a+b=:ª3¼:
l ;2!;

167 y=3log`x´xlog`3-3(3log`x+xlog`3)+7 x=a b xlog`3=3log`x

3log`x=t
a -5
b
log`x
3 =t (t>0) 3log`x=3 log`x=1 x=10
y=tÛ`-3´2t+7=(t-3)Û`-2 a=10
t=3 3log`x=3 -2 10
;bA;= =-5
b=-2 -2
log®`4-logò`3=5 aÛ`
168 [
log®`2-logò`27=5
x=a y=b
b
log®`2=X logò`3=Y

6
log®`2=X logò`3=Y X=2 Y=-1 x='2 y=;3!; ( x>0)
aÛ`
a='2 b=;3!; =6
b

169 x (1+2`log`a)xÛ`+2(2+log`a)x+log`a x x
axÛ`+bx+c<0
a 0<a<;1Á0;
HjK a<0 D<0
a>0 yy` Û (1+2`log`a)xÛ`+2(2+log`a)x+log`a=0 D
Ú 1+2`log`a<0 yy` D
=(2+log`a)Û`-(1+2`log`a)log`a<0 yy`
4
a 0<a<;1Á0;

170 1 V¼ VÔ SÔ(J/K)

VÔ
SÔ=C`log` C mÜ`
V¼
1 V¼ VÁ a SÁ=6.02
b
1 V¼ Vª b Sª=36.02
a
C=20(J/K)

10 6'6 ✔ 10'1Œ0 15'1Œ5 100

aV¼ bV¼
6.02=20`log` yy` 36.02=20`log` yy`
V¼ V¼
;2#;
- log`;aB;=;2#; ;aB;=10 =10'1Œ0

126
 01
1.

OP OP
O O OP
O OP

OP O

2. 1

O OP a P

OP
360 n a n
a
OP O

n
a 0 Éa <360

O OP OP OP
OP
O 60 OP OP

360 _1+60 =420 360 _2+60 =780 360 _(-2)+60 =-660

420 780 -660 360 _n+60 (n 60

128
3. 2

O x P y

OP 1 2 3 4 1
2
OP 1 2 x
O
3 4 3 4

x
OP

n
1 360 _n+0 < <360 _n+90
2 360 _n+90 < <360 _n+180
3 360 _n+180 < <360 _n+270
4 360 _n+270 < <360 _n+360

520 =360 1+160 520 2

-750 =360 (-3)+330 -750 4

4. 3

a b n
a-b=360 n
a-b=360 n+180
x a+b=360 n
y a+b=360 n+180
y=x a+b=360 n+90

y y y

b a b a b
O a x O x O x

y y
y=x
a b
x a
O
O b x

129
168 O OP

30 -250
630 -750

169 O OP OP
a

360 _n+a
n
360 n+150 n

360 n+70 n
O
-4

360 n+220 n 360 n+315 n

170 360 n+a a

0 Éa <3 0
n 0 Éa <360 )

80 360 n+80 n 400 360 n+40 n

-1000 360 n+80 n -1300 360 n+140 n

171
x
620 3 -680 1

1230 2 -1500 4

130
 01
360 _n+a (n 0 <a <360 ) a

-500 -300 -100 400 700

-500 =360 _(-2)+220 -300 =360 _(-1)+60

-100 =360 _(-1)+260 400 =360 _1+40
700 =360 _1+340
a

02
1 ;3½;

1 0 < <90

1 360 n+0 < <360 n+90 (n

3 ;3½; 120 n<;3½;<120 n+30

Ú n=0 0 <;3½;<30 ;3½; 1

Û n=1 120 <;3½;<150 ;3½; 2

Ü n=2 240 <;3½;<270 ;3½; 3

n=3 4 5 y 1 2 3

;3½; 1 2 3

KEY
Point

172
-310 50 410 ✔ 660 1130

173 4
2 2 4

174 3 2
1 2 4
131
 03
5
( , 0 < <3 0 )

y
P, Q
a b
a-b=360 a-b=360 n (n b
O a x

a b n
HjK a-b=360 n
HjK a-b=360 n+180
x HjK a+b=360 n
y HjK a+b=360 n+180
y=x HjK a+b=360 n+90

5
5 - =360 _n (n )
4 =360 _n =90 _n yy
0 < <360
0 <90 _n<360 0<n<4
n n=1 n=2 n=3
n=1 =90
n=2 =180
n=3 =270
0 1 0 270

KEY
Point

175 7
90 < <180 ) 150

176 5 2 x
0 < <180 ) 3

177 3 y
45 , 135 0 < <180 )

132
02
1.
AB AOB B

1 ( d n)
1
O A

360 1 () 1 ;6Á0; 1 () 1 ;6Á0; 1 ()

1 57 17 45
( d n) ( d ) ( ngl )

30 45 60 y ()

O AB B
a
360 a =2 a
O
180 A
a=

180
a

180
1

2. 4, 5

180
1 = 1
1 0

;2Ò; 3

133
 _ y
1 0 2 p ;2; p
3 p;3;
p
;3; p
_
1 0 ;4; 120ø 90ø ;4;
p
5 ;6;
135ø 60ø
;6; p 150ø 45ø
30ø

0 30 4 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0
p 180ø O 0ø 0 x
210ø
7 p 225ø 330ø ;6;11 p
;6;
0 ;6Ò; ;4Ò; ;3Ò; ;2Ò; ;2#; 2
240ø 315ø
7
5 ;4; p
5
;4; p 4 270ø
300ø
;3; p 3 p;3; p
;2;

180
30 =30_ = ` ;3Ò; =;3Ò;_ =60
180 6

3. 4, 5
OP 2n + `(n
0É <2

360 _n+a (n )
[
2n + (n )

17
=2 _2+;4Ò; 2n +;4Ò; (n
4

4. 6, 7

` l
S l

= S

=;2!; Û` =;2!;

OAB AB A
l l
S
l 2 = 2 l= h
O
r B
OAB S

S Û`= 2 S=;2!; Û` =;2!; l

5`cm ;3Ò; l S

l=5_;3Ò;=;3%; `(cm) S=;2!;_5Û`_;3Ò;= ª `(cmÛ`)

134
178
120 ;3@; -315 -;4&;
_
180
135 ;4#; 330 :Á6Á:

1=
180

179
1 0
_
;6%; 150 ;4%; 225

180
1 =
-;3$; -240 -:£6Á: -930

180 2n +
n 0É <2 )

:Á6¦: 2n +;6%; n -;3@; 2n +;3$; n

;3; 2n +;3@; n -:Á4°: 2n +;4Ò; n

181 l=

l S S=;2!; Û` =;2!; l

=4 = 0 =;3$; =;3*; =3 =;6Ò; =;2Ò; =;4#;

135
 04

75 =;1°2; 160 =;5$; -300 =-;3%;

;1É2;=15 :Á3¼: =600

180
1 =;18Ò0; 1

75 =75_;18Ò0;=;1°2; 160 =160_;18Ò0;=;9;

1 0
-300 =-300_;18Ò0;=-;3%; ;1É2;=;1É2;_ =15
1 0
:Á3¼: =:Á3¼: _ =600

05

300 -210

300 =300_;18Ò0;=;3%; 2n +;3%; n

-210 =360 (-1)+150 150 =150_;18Ò0;=;6%; 2n +;6%; n

KEY
Point
180
1 0

182
;4#; =135 -;6&; =-210 ;2#; =270

330 =:Á6Á: ✔ 165 =;1!2#;

183 2n +
n 0É <2 )

345 900 -960

2n +;1@2#; n 2n + n 2n +;3@; n
136
 06
4`cm 2 `cm S

l= =; ; :ª4É:=;2Ò;

S=;2!; l =;2!;_4_2 =4 Û` )

07
8

l
l=8-2 `(0< <4)
8-2
S

S=;2!; l=;2!; (8-2 )

=- Û`+4 =-( -2)Û`+4

=2 S 4

S=;2!; Û` =2 S=4 =2

4 2

KEY
Point
= =;2!; Û` =;2!;

184 ;3$; 6 6+4

185 1 3 4

186 20
25 2
137
STEP 1
171 360 _n+a (n
0 <a <360 )
;3Ò; 60 -;3%; 360 (-1)+60 ;3&; 360 1+60

-660 ✔ 5 360 2+180

360 (-2)+60

172
180
_
3 =

180
360 1 =
1= ;2Ò;=90 -;3Ò;=-60

90
;4!;= =180

1 0 1 0 4
1= ;4!;=;4!;_ =

173 3 y=x 3
2
{ 0< < } ;8Ò; ;8%;
3
3 + =2n +;2Ò;`(n =;2; +;8Ò; n=0 =;8Ò;

0< <;3@; -;4!;<n<;1!2#; n=1 =;8%;

174 3
5
l l=

S=;2!; Û` =;2!; l
S l+S ;2#;

l=3´;5Ò;=;5#; S=;2!;´3Û`´;5Ò;=;10; l+S=;5#; +;10; =;2#;

175 50 6`cm
10`cm
0< <2 ) ;1É0;
p
50 =50_ =;1°8; ;2!;_6Û`_;1°8; =5 `(cmÛ`) ;2!;_10Û`_ =50 `(cmÛ`)
180
5 =50 =;1É0;
STEP 2
176 2
3 4

1 4 2 3 ✔ 1 2 4
1 3 4 2 3 4
360 _n+90 < <360 n+180 (n Û 90 _n+22.5 <;4½;<90 n+45
Ú120 n+30 <;3½;<120 n+60 n=0 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
n=0 1 2 1 2 4 Ú Û ;3½;
4
138 1 2 4
177 5 180 2
180 < <360 ) 300
5 -2 =360 _n+180 (n =120 _n+60
180 < <360 1<n<;2%;
n n=2 =300

178
8`cm 20`cm

20`cm

20`cm

`cm

✔ 160 `cmÛ` 170 `cmÛ` 180 `cmÛ`

190 `cmÛ` 200 `cmÛ`
2 _8=16 `(cm) 2
0
;2!;_20_16 =160 `(cmÛ`) 30
'3

179 ;3Ò; 2
=
2 3 ✔ 4 5 6  _
x ;3Ò;x=2 x=6
OAH OAH H 2
OAH=;6Ò; OAÓ=2 2 O
;6;
2 + =6 =2 _2Û`=4 A
y xH
180 1
2 1

;4;
;4Ò;
-1 O ;4; 1 x
1 2n < <2n + (n
2

n < <n + -1
2 4
Ú n=0 0< < Û n=1 < <;4%;
2 4 2
2_{;2!;_1Û`_;4Ò;}=;4Ò;

181 24
72 "Ã Û`-1

l l=24 -2 (0< <12 )

S S=;2!; (24 -2 )=-( -6 )Û`+36 Û`
=6 S 36 Û`
=6 l=12
2 =12 =6

1
="Ã(6 )ÃÛ`-6Û`=6"Ã `Û -1
139
Û` =;3!;_ _6Û`_6"Ã Û`-1=72 "Ã Û`-1
3
 03
1. 8, 9

OP y

` =;r}; P(x,�y) y

- x O x
o ` =;r{;
-
` =;[}; (x+0)

n co n n co n ng n

O y
P(x y) x OP
P(x,�y) y
; ; ; {; ;[; (x+0)
- x O x
``Ú`; ; ``Ú`; {; ``Ú`;[; (x+0)
-

n` =; ; co ` =; {; n` =;[; (x+0)

O P(3 -4) OP y

OPÓ="Ã3Û`+(-4)Û`=5
3
n` =-;5$; co ` =;5#; n` =-;3$; - O
x

-4
- P

2. 10, 11

y
1
2 ` n + +
O x
3 `
n + co +
4 o `

`( ll)- `( n)- `( n)- `(co )

[
`( ll)- `( n)- `( n)- `(co )

140
 P(x y) x y

1 2 3 4
y y y y
y P(x,�y) P(x,�y) y
x x
O x x x O x O x O x
P(x,�y) y y
P(x,�y)

1 2 3 4
(x>0, y>0) (x<0, y>0) (x<0, y<0) (x>0, y<0)

sin` =;r}; + + - -

cos` =;r{; + - - +

tan` =;[}; + - + -

a b C
n` = =;bA;= a
b b
a
c
co ` = =;b;= A c B B
b c
a
n` = =; A;=
c

30 `{=;6Ò;} 45 `{=;4Ò;} 60 `{=;3Ò;}

30 { ;6Ò;} 4 { ;4Ò;} 60 { ;3Ò;}

30
1 '3
` ;2!; 4 2
'2 2 2 0 '2 '3
1 1
'3 1
o ` ;2!; 30 0
2 '2 4
'3 1 1
1
` 1 '3
'3

141
187 OP
,
'2
n` 2
'2
co ` -
2
n` -1
-4

188 O P OP , OPÓ

n` co ` n`

P(-4 3) P(15 -8)

` =;5#; o ` =-;5$; ` =-;4#; ` =-;17; o ` =;1!7%; ` =-;15;

189 n` co ` n`

;3@; -;6%;
'3 '3 '3
` = o ` =-;2!; ` =-'3 ` =-;2!; o ` =- ` =
2 2 3

190 n` co ` n` `

400 -:Á6¦:
`400 >0 o `400 >0 `400 >0 `{-:Á6¦: }<0 o `{-:Á6¦: }<0 `{-:Á6¦: }>0
29
-760
` -760 <0 o ` -760 >0 10
` -760 <0 `;1@0(; >0 o `;1@0(; <0 `;1@0(; <0

191
n` >0 co ` <0 2

co ` >0 n` <0 4

n` `co ` <0 2 4

142
 `
08
O P(-5 -12) OP

24
co ` - n`
13` n` ` n`

OPÓ="Ã(-5)Û`+(-12)Û`=13

n` =-;1!3@; co ` =-;1°3; n` =:Á5ª:

co ` - n` =-;1°3;-{-;1!3@;}=;1¦3;
24 24
= =-;6%;
13` n` ` n`
13´{-;1!3@;}´:Á5ª:

`
09
3
= '2` n` +2`co ` + n`
4

1 =;4#; y

P P x H POH
;4;
3
'2 '2
POH=;4Ò; P {- } x
2 2
'2 '2
n` = co ` =- n` =-1
2 2
'2 '2
'2` n` +2`co ` + n` ='2´ +2´{- }+(-1)=-'2
2 2

KEY
Point
` =;r}; o ` =;r{; ` =;[};`(x+0)
r

192 O P '3 -1) OP

n` -co ` -;6%; 4'3` n` `co ` -3

'3
co `
193
'3
=- 3
3 n` - n`

143
 `
10
n` `co ` >0 co ` ` n` <0

Ú n` `co ` >0 n` >0 co ` >0 n` <0 co ` <0

  n` >0 co ` >0 1
  n` <0 co ` <0 3
Û co ` ` n` <0 co ` <0 n` >0 co ` >0 n` <0
 co ` <0 n` >0 3
 co ` >0 n` <0 4
Ú Û 3

`
11
;2Ò;< < | n` |+"Ãco Û`` +"Ã nÛ``

;2Ò;< < 2

n` >0 co ` <0 n` <0

| n` |+"Ãco Û`` +"Ã nÛ`` = ` - o ` - `

KEY
Point +

( ll)- ( )- ( )- ( o )

194 n` ` n` >0 co ` ` n` <0

4

195 4 "Ã( n` -co ` )Û`-| n` |-Ü`"Ãco Ü`` 0

'Ä n` =-®É n`
196 n` `co ` +0
'Äco ` co `
|co ` + n` |+"Ã nÛ`` -"Ã( n` - n` )Û` - o `

144
04
1. 12 16

`
`
o `
Û`` o Û`` 1

( n` )Û` (co ` )Û` ( n` )Û` nÛ`` co Û`` nÛ``

( n` )Û`+ n` Û`

P(x y)

n` =; ;=y co ` =; {;=x

n` =;[;`(x+0)

n`
n` =;[;=
co `
P(x y) xÛ`+yÛ`=1
x=co ` y= n`
nÛ`` +co Û`` =1

nÛ`` +co Û`` =1 co Û``

nÛ`` 1
+1=
co Û`` co Û``
1
nÛ`` +1=
co Û``

3 n` =-;5$; co ` n`

nÛ`` +co Û`` =1

co Û`` =1- nÛ``  
=1-{-;5$;}Û`=
9
25
3

co ` <0 co ` =-;5#;
n`
n` =
co `
-;5$;
n` = =;3$;
-;5#;

145
 12
co ` 1+ n`
+
1+ n` co `

co ` 1+ n` co `Û ` + nÛ`` +2` n` +1
+ =
1+ n` co ` co ` (1+ n` )
2+2` n` 2(1+ n` )
= =
co ` (1+ n` ) co ` (1+ n` )
2
=
o `

`
13
co ` =;5#; 1 + 1 { ;2#; < <2 }
n` n`

co ` =;5#; nÛ`` +co Û`` =1

nÛ`` =1-co Û`` =1-{;5#;}Û`=;2!5^;

1
;2#; < <2 n` <0 n` =-;5$; =-;4%;
n`
n` 1
n` = =-;3$; =-;4#;
co ` n`
1 1
+ =-;4%;-;4#;=-2
n` n`

KEY
Point
`
` = Û`` + o Û`` =1
o `

197
1- n``
+co Û`` 2
co `Û `
1 1 1
{ n` - }Û`+{co ` - }Û`-{ n` - }Û` 1
n` co ` n`
1+ n` 1- n` 2 2
+ -
1-co ` 1+co ` nÛ`` `

n` + nÛ`` n` - nÛ`` 2{1+ 1 }

- `
1-co ` 1+co `

2'5 1
198 3 n` =-
5 co `
+ n` 2-'5

146
 `
14

3` n` =4`co ` n` +co ` { < <;2#; }

1 1
+ =;2%; n` { ;2Ò;< < }
1+ n` 1- n`

n`
3` n` =4`co ` =;3$;
co `

n` =;3$;

nÛ`` +co Û`` =1 co Û``

1
nÛ`` +1=
co Û``
1 1 9
co Û`` = = =
nÛ`` +1 Û 25
{;3$;}`+1

< <;2#; co ` <0 co ` =-;5#;

co ` =-;5#; 3` n` =4`co `

n` =-;5$;

n` +co ` =-;5$;-;5#;=-;5&;

1 1 (1- n` )+(1+ n` )
+ =
1+ n` 1- n` (1+ n` )(1- n` )
2 2
= =
1- nÛ`` co Û``
2 1
=;2%; =;4%;
co Û`` co Û``
nÛ`` +co Û`` =1 co Û``
1
nÛ`` +1=
co Û``
1
nÛ`` = -1=;4%;-1=;4!;
co Û``
;2Ò;< < n` <0 n` =-;2!;

199
'5
n` +2`co ` =0 n` +co ` { ;2Ò;< < } 5

1+co ` + n`
200 ;2#; < <2
n` 1+co `
=-3 n` + n`
10+6'5
-
15
1- n`
201 1+ n`
=;3!; n` { , < <;2#; } -
'5
5

147
 ` + o ` ` ` o `
15
n` +co ` = 1 n` >co ` )
2

n` `co ` n` -co `
n`` +co `` n`` +co `` 

n` +co ` =;2!;

( n` +co ` )Û`={;2!;}Û` 1+2` n` `co ` =;4!; Û nÛ`` +co Û`` =1

n` `co ` =-;8#;

( n` -co ` )Û`=1-2` n` `co `  

7
=1-2´{-;8#;}=
4
n` >co ` n` -co ` >0
'7
n` -co ` =
2
n`` +co `` =( n` +co ` )( nÛ`` - n` `co ` +co Û`` )
11
=;2!;´{1+;8#;}=
16 xÜ`+yÜ`=(x+y)(xÛ`-xy+yÛ`)
n`` +co `` =
 ( nÛ`` +co Û`` )Û`-2` nÛ`` `co `Û `  
=1-2( n` `co ` )Û`
23
=1-2´{-;8#;}Û`=
32

KEY
Point ` o ` ` ` o `
( ` o ` )Û`=1 2` ` ` o `

202 n` -co ` = 1 n`` -co `` ;1!6!;

2

1 1
203 n` `co ` =;8!;
n`
+
co `
{ < <;2#; } -4'5

204
'3Œ1
;2Ò;< < n` +co ` =;4!; n` -co ` 4

1
205 ;2Ò;< < n` +
n`
=-2 n` -co ` '2

148
 16
5xÛ`-x+k=0 n` co ` k

n` +co ` =;5!; yy

n` `co ` =;5K; yy

( n` +co ` )Û`={;5!;}Û`

1+2` n` `co ` =;2Á5;

n` `co ` =-;2!5@; yy

;5K;=-;2!5@;

k=-:Á5ª:

KEY
Point axÛ`+bx+ =0 ` o `

` + o ` =-;aB; ` ` o ` =;aC; Û`` + o Û`` =1

206 3xÛ`+2x+k=0 n` co ` k -;6%;

207 5xÛ`+kx-3=0 co ` n` k ;4!;

3
{ < < }
2

1 1
208 2xÛ`-'2x+k=0 n` co `
n` co `
xÛ`+ax+b=0 a b aÛ`+bÛ` 24

149
STEP 1
182 n` ` n` <0 n` ` n` <0
n` >0 n` <0
n` >0 ✔ co ` <0 n` <0 n` <0 n` >0

n` `co ` >0 co ` ` n` <0

Ú n` >0 n` <0 2
Û n` <0 n` >0 3
Ú Û 2 3 co ` <0

183 "Åa`Û =|a|=[

a (a¾0)
-a (a<0)

<x<;2#;

n`x+co `x+ n`x+| n`x|+|co `x|+| n`x| 2` `x

;2Ò;< <

"Ã nÛ`` +"Ãco Û`` +| n` |-"(Ãco ` + n` )Û` `

n`x<0 co `x<0 n`x>0
= n`x+co `x+ n`x- n`x-co `x+ n`x=2` n`x
n` >0 co ` <0 n` <0 = n` -co ` - n` +co ` + n` = n`

1 1
184 n` ='3`co `
1- n`
-
1+ n`
-4'3

n` ='3`co ` n` ='3 3
{ < < }
nÛ`` +co Û`` =1 nÛ`` +1=
1
co Û`` =;4!; 2
co Û``
3
< < co ` =-;2!;
2
'3 1 1 2` n`
n` ='3`co ` n` =- - = =-4'3
2 1- n` 1+ n` co Û``
1
185
'2
n` `co ` =- n`` -co `` 2
2
( n` -co ` )Û`=1-2` n` `co ` =2 { ;2Ò;< < }
;2Ò;< < n` >0 co ` <0 n` -co ` ='2
'2
n`` -co `` =( n` -co ` )`+3` n` `co ` ( n` -co ` )=
2

1 1
186
n`
n` +co ` = , nÛ`` + 14 n` =
'2 nÛ`` co `
1 n` co ` Û 1 Û
nÛ`` + ={ + }`-2={ }`-2
nÛ`` co ` n` n` `co `
1 1
( n` +co ` )Û`=1+2` n` `co ` =-4 nÛ`` + =(-4)Û`-2=14
n` `co ` nÛ``

187 4xÛ`-3x+k=0 - n` co ` k
-;8&; axÛ`+bx+c=0
a b
- n` +co ` =;4#; 1-2` n` `co ` =;16; n` `co ` =;32;
a+b=-;aB; ab=;a;
k
- n` `co ` =;4K; n` `co ` =-;4K; - =;32; k=-;8&;
4

150
STEP 2
188

co `` - n`` =2`co Û`` -1

(1+ n` -co ` )Û`=2(1- n` )(1-co ` )
co ` co `
1- n` - 1+ n` =2` n`

(1+ n` -co ` )Û`=1+ nÛ`` +co Û`` +2` n` -2` n` `co ` -2`co `
=2(1+ n` -co ` - n` `co ` )
=2(1+ n` )(1-co ` )

1- n`
189
'3
=2+'3 co ` { ;2Ò;< < } -
2
nÛ ` ` +co Û ` ` =1
1+ n`
co Û``
1- n` -(1+'3) 1
=2+'3 1- n` =(2+'3)(1+ n` ) n` = =- 1
1+ n` 3+'3 '3 nÛ`` +1=
1 1 '3 co Û``
nÛ`` +co Û`` =1 co Û`` = = =;4#; < < co ` =-
nÛ`` +1 1 Û 2 2
{- }`+1
'3
1
190
9'2
n` =-;3!; n` + { < <;2#; } 4
n`
2'2
co Û`` =1- nÛ`` =;9; < <;2#; co ` =-
3
1 n` co ` 1 '2
n` + = + = = =
n` co ` n` n` `co ` 2'2 4

191 n` +co ` = n` `co ` n` `co ` a+b'2

10a-b a b 11
n` +co ` = n` `co ` 1+2` n` `co ` =( n` `co ` )Û`
n` `co ` =t`(-1ÉtÉ1) tÛ`-2t-1=0 t=1-'2`( -1ÉtÉ1)
a=1 b=-1 10a-b=11

192 O x 'a'b=-'§ab
a<0 b<0 a=0
P(a b) OP
b=0
'Ä n` `'Äco ` =-'Ä n` `co ` |a|-|b|=1 OPÓ=5
n` +co ` + n` -;2!0#;
'Ä n` `'Äco ` =-'Ä n` Ä`co ` n` <0 co ` <0 a<0 b<0
|a|-|b|=1 b=a+1
n` `co ` +0)
OPÓ=5 aÛ`+bÛ`=25
aÛ`+(a+1)Û`=25 aÛ`+a-12=0 a=-4 a<0) b=-3
b a 13
n` = =-;5#; co ` = =-;5$; n` =;aB;=;4#; n` +co ` + n` =-
OPÓ OPÓ 20

193 4xÜ`+axÛ`+bx-3=0 n` co ` n` axÜ`+bxÛ`+cx+d=0

a b
a b a+b { < < } 3'3-4
2 a+b+ =-;aB;
n` +co ` + n` =-;4A; n`
n` = =-'3
co `
n` `co ` +co ` ` n` + n` ` n` =;4B; ab+b + a=;a;
a=-4( n` +co ` + n` )=2'3+2
3 b=4( n` `co ` +co ` ` n` + n` ` n` )
n` `co ` ` n` =;4#; nÛ`` =
4 ='3-6
ab =-;a;
'3 a+b=3'3-4
< < n` = co ` =-;2!;
151
2 2
 01
1.

y=f(x) x f(x+p)=f(x)
0 p y=f(x) p

f(x) p f(x)=f(x+p)=f(x+2p)=f(x+3p)=y
f(x+np)=f(x) n

2.
y= `x 1, 4

y
y= n`x
1
{y|-1ÉyÉ1} ;2Ò; ;2#;
O
;2Ò; 2 x
;2;
2 -1

y= n` n`(- )=- n`

P(x y) y
y y= n`h 1
n` = =y n` P y P(x,�y)
1
P n` P
y -1 O x 1 x

n`
y= n` -1

y y
1 1
3
- 2
2 O
-1 O 1x 2 2 +
2
-1 -1

x y= n` x y= n`x
n`(x+2n )= n`x (n

154
 y= o `x 2, 4

y
1 y=co `x
{y|-1ÉyÉ1} ;2Ò; ;2;
O
y ;2Ò; ;2#;
2 x
-1
2

y=co ` y co `(- )=co `

y=co ` y= n` x -
2

P(x y) y
x 1
co ` = =x co ` P x P(x,�y)
1 y
P co ` P
x -1 O x 1 x

=
co
co `
y=co ` -1
x y
1 1
3
- 2
2
y 1 O -1 O 2 2 +
2
-1 -1

y=co ` x y=co `x
y= `x 3, 4 co `(x+2n )=co `x (n

n +;2Ò; (n
y y= n`x

;2#;
O
;2Ò; ;2Ò; 2 x

x=n +;2Ò; (n

y= n` n`(- )=- n`

P(x y) y P(x,�y)
t= n
Ú +n + (n (1 0) OP (1,�t)
2 1
t
(1 t) n` = =t n` y
1
-1 O 1 x

Û =n +;2Ò;`(n OP y
-1
P x 0 n`

155
 n` y= n`

y y

1
3
2 2
-1 O 1x -
O + 2 2 +
2 2
-1

y= n` n +;2Ò;`(n )

=n +;2Ò;`(n ) y= n`

y= n`
x y= n`x
n`(x+n )= n`x (n
3. 1 4
y=a` `bx y=a` o `bx
1
y= n`x` y=co `x) y |a| x | |
b

2
|a| -|a|
|b|

y=a` `(bx+ )+ y=a` o `(bx+ )+

c
y=a` n`bx y=a`co `bx) x - y d
b

2
|a|+ -|a|+
|b|

y x

x y

y=3` n`(2x- )+2

3+2=5 -3+2=-1 :ª2É:=

156
 y=a` `bx
1
y= n`x x y |a|
|b|

|b|
bx=n +;2Ò; x=;b!;{n +;2Ò;} n

y=a` `(bx+ )+
c
y=a` n`bx x - y d
b

|b|

y=2` n`{3x-;2Ò;}

;3Ò;

4. 8

y=|a` `bx| y=|a` o `bx| y=| `bx|

|a| 0 0

|b| |b|

y=|a` n`bx| y=|a`co `bx| y=a` n`bx y=a`co `bx ;2!;

y=| n`x| y=|co `x| y=| n`x|

x x
y= n`|x| y=co `|x| y= n`|x|
x>0 y y y

157
 y=| n`x| y= n |x|

y=| n`x| y= n |x|

y y
1 1

-p O p 2p x -2 - O 2 x

-1 -1

{y|0ÉyÉ1} {y|-1ÉyÉ1}

y y

y= n|x|

y=|co `x| y=co |x|

y=|co `x| y=co |x|

y y
1 1

-
-2 - O 2 x -2 O 2 x

-1 -1

{y|0ÉyÉ1} {y|-1ÉyÉ1}
2
y y

y=co |x| y=co `x

y=| n`x| y= n |x|

y=| n`x| y= n |x|

y y

- O x - - O x
-
2 2 2 2

n +;2Ò; (n n +;2Ò; (n

{y|y¾0}

y y

y= n|x|

158
209 y=3` n`x
y=a` n`x

3 -3

y= n`x y 3

210 y=co `;2{; y=co `bx

{y|-1ÉyÉ1}

y=co `x x 2

211 y= n`;3{; y= n`bx

3n +;2#; (n

x=3n +;2#; (n

y= n`x x 3

212
y=2` n`x y=co `2x y=3` n`x

159
 01

y= n`2x y= n`{x-;4Ò;}

1 -1
2
=
2
y= n`2x y= n`x
1
x
2

1 -1
2
=2
1

y= n`{x- } y= n`x
4
x
4

KEY
Point y=a` `bx
2
|a| -|a|
|b|
1
y= `x y |a| x
b

213
1
y= ` n`x y= n`;2!;x+1 y=- n`{x+;2Ò;}
2 ;2!; -;2!;
2 0 1 -1
2 4 2

214 y= n`{
3
x- }+3 p M m

p+M+m 12

160
 02

y=3`co `3x y=-2`co `{x-;2Ò;}

3 -3
2
3
y=3`co `3x y=co `x
1
x y 3
3

|-2|=2 -|-2|=-2
2
=2
1

y=-2`co `{x- } y=co `x

2
x x

y 2
2

KEY
Point y=a` o `bx
2
|a| -|a|
|b|
1
y= o `x y |a| x
b

215
y=co `2x+1 y=2`co `(x- ) y=-2`co `;3{;+1
2 0 2 -2 3 -1
2 6
216 y=-3`co `(-2 x)+6 p M m
p+M+m 13

161
 03

y= n`;2{; y= n`{x-;4Ò;}

=2
;2!;
x
y= n` y= n`x x
2
2

;2{;=n +;2Ò;

x=2n + (n

;1Ò;=

y= n`{x-;4Ò;} y= n`x

x ;4Ò;

x-;4Ò;=n +;2Ò;

x=n +;4#; (n

KEY
Point y=a` `bx

x=;b!;{n +;2Ò;}`(n )
|b|
1
y= `x x y |a|
|b|

;3Ò; x=;3N; +;6Ò; (n x=n +;2Ò; (n

217
y= n`3x y=2` n`x y= n`{x-;2Ò;}+2
x=n (n

218 y= n`{2x-
2
}+1 a

x=bn (n a+b a b 1

162
 04

y=;4!;` n`{2x-;3Ò;} y=3`co `{;2!;x- }+1 y=;2!;` n`{3x-;2Ò;}

y=2` `x y= `x y 2

y= `2x y= `x x ;2!;

1 y
y= ` n`{2x-;3Ò;}=;4!;` n`2{x-;6Ò;}
4 1
4
y= n`x x ;2!; y
1 O p 2p 7 px
x ;6Ò; 6 3 6
4 1
-4

;4!; ;4!; :ª2É:=

y=3`co `{;2!;x- }+1=3`co `;2!;(x-2 )+1 y

4
y=co `x x 2 y 3
x 2 y 1 4p
O 2p x

2 -2
3+1=4 -3+1=-2 =4
;2!;

y=;2!;` n`{3x-;2Ò;}=;2!;` n`3{x-;6Ò;} y

y= n`x x ;3!; y 2
-
3 3 3
O x
1 -
6 6 2
x ;6Ò;
2

;3Ò;

KEY
Point y=a` (bx+ )+ y=a` o `(bx+ )+
2
|a|+ -|a|+
|b|

y=a` `(bx+ )+
|b|

219
3 -1
y=-2` n`{2x-;2Ò;}+1 y=-;4!;`co `{3x+;2Ò;}-4
-:Á4°: -:Á4¦:
y=-2` n`{ x+;3Ò;}
;3@;

1 163
 05
1
y= ` n`(2x+1)-1 x 2 y 2
2
1
y= ` n`(ax+b)+c a b c
2
a+b+c

y=;2!;` n`(2x+1)-1 x 2 y 2

y-2=;2!;` n`{2(x-2)+1}-1 y=;2!;` n`(2x-3)+1

a=2 b=-3 c=1

a+b+c=0

06
f(x)=a`co `( -px)+b -1 f { }=2
3
a b p a+b+p a>0 p>0)

-1 a>0 -a+b=-1 yy
2
p>0 = 2 =p p=2
|-p|
f(x)=a`co `( -2x)+b f {;3Ò;}=a`co `;3Ò;+b=2

;2!;a+b=2 a+2b=4 yy

a=2 b=1
a+b+p=5

220 y=co `2x+1 x -

8
x
y=- o `{2x+;4;Ò;}-1

221 f(x)=a` n`{;b{;-;3Ò;}-c 3 4 f { }=0

3
f(x)

a>0 b>0 c -1

222 f(x)=a` n`(bx+c)+d

2
y=a` n`bx

x y -1 f { }='3-1
4 3
a b c d abcd b>0 - <c<0) 3

164
 07
y=a`co `(bx-c)+d
a b c d abcd
a>0 b>0 0<c< )

1 -3 a>0
a+d=1 -a+d=-3
a=2 d=-1

;3$; -;3Ò;= b>0

2
= b=2
b
y=2`co `(2x-c)-1 {;3Ò; 1}

1=2`co `{2´;3Ò;-c}-1 co `{;3@; -c}=1

0<c< ;3@; -c=0 c=;3@;

abcd=2´2´;3@; ´(-1)= ;3*;

KEY x
Point
y=a` `(bx+ )+ y

223 y=a`co (bx-c) y

3
y=3` o `{x-;6;Ò;} 7
6
( a>0 b>0 0ÉcÉ2 ) O 2 5 13 x
6 3 3 6
-3

224 y=a` n`(bx+c)+d

a b c d abcd
, a>0, b>0, 0<c< ) 2

165
 08
y=|2` n`x|

y=|f(x)|
y=f(x) y¾0 y<0 x

y=|2` n`x| y=2` n`x y<0

x
2 0

09
f(x)=| n`ax|+b 5 ;3Ò; a+b

a>0 b

y=| `ax| y= `ax y

y=| n ax|

|a|
O 2 x
|a| |a|

5 1+b=5 b=4

;3Ò; a>0 =;3Ò; a=3

a
a+b=3+4=7

225
1 0 1 -1
y=|co `2x| y=2| n`x|-1
;2Ò;

226 f(x)=7|co ` x|+3 a M m

a+M+m 14

227 f(x)=a| n`bx|+c 5 ;3Ò; f{

18
}=;2&; abc

a>0 b>0 c 18

166
STEP 1
194 y=2`co `{3x-;2Ò;}+1 y=a`co `(bx+c)+d
|a|+d
-|a|+d
;3@; 3
2
|b|
-1 (0 1)

✔ y=2`co `3x x ;2Ò; y

1
y=2`co `{3x-;2Ò;}+1=2`co `3{x-;6Ò;}+1

195
y= n`2x+3 y=2` n`{;3{;-;4Ò;} y=3`co `(x-2) 2
6

✔ y=co `{;4{;+;6Ò;} 8 y= n`2x-5 ;2Ò;

196 y= n`3x p y

y= n`px A
A
(3 0) O x
y= n`3x p=;3@;

2
y= n`;3@; x =3 A (3 0)
:ª3É:

197 f(x)=a` n`{bx+

2
}+c 4 -2 y=a` n`(bx+c)+d
|a|+d
f{ } a>0 b>0 c -|a|+d
4 2
|b|
-1 0 ;2!; ✔ 1 ;2#;
4 -2 a>0 a+c=4 -a+c=-2 a=3 c=1
2
b>0 = b=2 f {;4Ò;}=3` n`{;2Ò;+;2Ò;}+1=1
b

198 y=a`co `
3
(2x-1)+b y
1
a b c a+b+c O 1 c x
a>0) 5
1, -3 a>0 a+b=1, -a+b=-3
-3
a=2, b=-1
2
=3 c-1 c=4 a+b+c=5
;3@;

167
199 y

1 2
O 3 3
x
y= n`3x-1 y=2` n`3x-1 -1
✔

y=2` n`;3{;-1 y=co `3x-1 -3

y=2`co `3x-1
y=a` n`bx+c y=a`co `bx+c (a>0 b>0)
a+c=1 -a+c=-3 a=2 c=-1
ªbÉ =;3@; b=3 y=2` n`3x-1 y=2`co `3x-1
STEP 2 (0 -1) y=2` n`3x-1

200 y=co `
4
x

x
ABCD CDÓ x CDÓ=2
3'2
ABCD 2
y=co `;4Ò;x 8 OAÓ=OBÓ=2
'2 '2 3'2
ABCD co `{;4Ò;_1}= ABCD=;2!;_(4+2)_ =
2 2 2

201 y= n`x y= n`x+1 y x=

4
;4Ò;

;4Ò;_1=;4Ò; y y= n`x+1

202 a b c f(x)=a`co `bx+c 1

y= n`x
a+b+c a>0 0<b<5) 9
x
O 4 2

x f {x+;2Ò;}=f(x)

{;1É2; 4}

a+c+(-a+c)=6 c=3
f{ }=a`co `;3Ò;+3=4
2 12
=;2Ò; b=4
b a=2 a+b+c=9

203 a b c f(x)=a| n`bx|+c

a+b+c a>0 b>0) 10

3
y=co `4x
y 5

a+c-c=3 a=3 f(0)=3| n`0|+c=5 c=5

2 a+b+c=10
= b=2
b 4

168
02
1.
2n +x (n ) 10, 13

`(2n +x)= `x
o `(2n +x)= o `x
`(2n +x)= `x

'2
n`:Á4¦: = n`{2 _2+;4Ò;}= n`;4Ò;=
2
'2
co `405 =co `(360 +45 )=co `45 =
2
n`780 = n`(360 2+60 )= n`60 ='3

-x 10

`(-x)=- `x
o `(-x)= o `x
`(-x)=- `x

'3
n`(-60 )=- n`60 =-
2
co `{-;3&; }=co `;3&; =co `{2 +;3Ò;}=co `;3Ò;=;2!;

n`{-:ª4°: }=- n`:ª4°: =- n`{2 _3+;4Ò;}=- n`;4Ò;=-1

x 10, 11, 13

`( +x)=- `x `( -x)= `x
o `( +x)=- o `x o `( -x)=- o `x
`( +x)= `x `( -x)=- `x

169
 '2
n`;4%; = n`{ +;4Ò;}=- n`;4Ò;=-
2
'3
co `150 =co `(180 -30 )=-co `30 =-
2
n`;3@; = n`{ -;3Ò;}=- n`;3Ò;=-'3

;2Ò; x 11, 12, 13

`{;2Ò; x}= o `x `{;2Ò; x}= o `x

o `{;2Ò; x}=- `x o `{;2Ò; x}= `x

1 1
`{;2Ò; x}=- `{;2Ò; x}=
`x `x

'3
n`;3Ò;= n`{;2Ò;-;6Ò;}=co `;6Ò;=
2
'3
co `;6%; =co `{;2Ò;+;3Ò;}=- n`;3Ò;=-
2
1
n`135 = n`(90 +45 )=- =-;1!;=-1
n`45

2.
0 90

313

co `250 =co `(180 +70 )=-co `70 n` co ` n`

co `70 =0.3420
jjK

co `250 =-0.3420
70 jjjjjjK 0.3420

n`340 = n`(360 -20 ) n` co ` n`

= n`(-20 )=- n`20
jjK

n`20 =0.3640 20 jjjjjjjjjjjjjK 0.3640

n`340 =-0.3640

170
 Ú 90 n ;2Ò; n n

Û
n
   n``Ú` n co ``Ú`co n``Ú` n
n

   n`Ú`co co `Ú` n n`Ú` 1

n
Ü

 90 _n _n (n
2
+ -

co `210 n`:Á4Á:

co `210 =co `(90 _2+30 ) Û1 90 _n

n (n=2) co ` Ú co
210 3 co `210 -
'3
co `210 =co (90 _2+30 )=-co `30 =-
2
n`:Á4Á: = n`{;2Ò;_5+;4Ò;} Û1 ;2Ò;_n
1
n (n=5) n Ú
n
:Á4Á: 2 n`:Á4Á: -
1
n`:Á4Á: = n`{;2Ò;_5+;4Ò;}=- =-;1!;=-1
n`;4Ò;

2n +x`(n

y= n`x y=co `x 2
y= n`x= n(x+2 )= n(x+4 )=y
y=co `x=co (x+2 )=co (x+4 )=y
n(2n +x)= n`x co (2n +x)=co `x
y= n`x
y= n`x= n(x+ )= n(x+2 )=y
n(2n +x)= n`x

171
 -x

y= n`x y= n`x
n`(-x)=- n`x n`(-x)=- n`x
y=co `x y
co `(-x)=co `x

y= n`x x - y=- n`x

y
1 y= n`x

;2Ò; ;2Ò; x
;2#; O ;2#;

-1
y=- n`x

x
n`( +x)=- n`x
x -x
n`( -x)=- n`(-x) n`( -x)= n`x
y=co `x x - y=-co `x

y
1 y=co `x

O x
;2#; ;2Ò; ;2Ò; ;2#;
-1
y=-co `x

x
co `( +x)=-co `x
x -x
co `( -x)=-co `(-x) co `( -x)=-co `x
y= n`x x
n`( +x)= n`x
x -x
n`( -x)= n(-x) n`( -x)=- n`x

172
;2Ò; x

y= n`x x - y=co `x
2

y
1 y= n`x

;2Ò; O x
;2#; ;2Ò; ;2#;

-1
y=co `x

n`{;2Ò;+x}=co `x

x -x

n`{;2Ò;-x}=co `(-x) n`{;2Ò;-x}=co `x

y=co `x x - y=- n`x

2

y
1 y=co `x

;2#; ;2Ò; O ;2Ò; x

;2#;
-1
y=- n`x

co `{;2Ò;+x}=- n`x

x -x

co `{;2Ò;-x}=- n`(-x) co `{;2Ò;-x}= n`x

n`{ +x}
n`{;2Ò;+x}= 2
co `{ +x}
2
co `x 1
n`{;2Ò;+x}= - n`x n`{;2Ò;+x}=-
n`x
x -x
1 1
n`{;2Ò;-x}=- n`{;2Ò;-x}=
n`(-x) n`x

173
228 2n +x (n

n`750 = n`(360 2+ 30 = n` 30 = ;2!;

'3
n`:Á3£: 2

co `420 ;2!;

n`;3&; '3

229 -x

'3
n`{-;6Ò;}=- n` ;6Ò; = -
3

'2
n`{-;4Ò;} -
2

'3
co `{-;6Ò;} 2

n`{-;3Ò;} -'3

230 x

'2
co `;4#; =co `{ - ;4Ò; }=-co ` ;4Ò; = -
2

n`150 ;2!;
'2
co `225 -
2

n`;3$; '3

231
'2
n`135 = n`(90 2 - 4 = n` 4 = 2

n`:Á6Á: -;2!;

'2
co `;4&; 2

n`300 -'3

232 313

n`760 0.6428 co `1000 0.1736 n`(-410 ) -1.1918

174
 10
n`;4%; -co `{-:Á3¤: }+ n`;2(;

n`;4%; = n`{ +;4Ò;}= n`;4Ò;=1

co `{-:Á3¤: }=co `:Á3¤: =co `{;2Ò;_10+;3Ò;}=-co `;3Ò;=-;2!;

n`;2(; = n`{2 _2+;2Ò;}= n`;2Ò;=1

=1-{-;2!;}+1=;2%;

;2Ò; x
11
n`{;2#; - }
n`( + ) nÛ``( - )
-
co `{;2#; + } n`{;2Ò;+ }`co Û``

n`( + )=- n` n`( - )=- n` co `{;2#; + }= n`

n`{;2#; - }=-co ` n`{;2Ò;+ }=co `

(- n` )(- n` )Û` -co `
= -
n` co ` `co Û``
1 nÛ`` 1 1- nÛ`` co `Û `
=- nÛ`` + =- + = = =1
co Û`` co Û`` co Û`` co Û`` co `Û `

KEY
Point
Ú ;2Ò; n (n

Ûn Ú o Ú o Ú
1
`n Ú o o Ú Ú

+ -

233 n`{-:Á6¦: }+ n`{-;4Ò;}+co `{-:Á3¼: } -2

234 n`{;2%; + }`co `(3 + )+co `{;2#; - }` n`(5 - ) -1

n`{;2Ò;-;6Ò;}
235 -;2!;
n`{;2#; +;6Ò;}+co `{3 +;6Ò;}

175
 Û`` + o Û`` =1
12
nÛ``1 + nÛ``2 + nÛ``3 +y+ nÛ``89 + nÛ``90

90 `(90 - )= o ` Û`` + o Û`` =1

n`(90 - )=co `
n`89 = n`(90 -1 )=co `1 , n`88 = n`(90 -2 )=co `2

n`47 = n`(90 -43 )=co `43 , n`46 = n`(90 -44 )=co `44
nÛ``1 + nÛ``2 + nÛ``3 +y+ nÛ``89 + nÛ``90
=( nÛ``1 + nÛ``89 )+( nÛ``2 + nÛ``88 )+( nÛ``3 + nÛ``87 )+y
+( nÛ``44 + nÛ``46 )+ nÛ``45 + nÛ``90
=( nÛ``1 +co Û``1 )+( nÛ``2 +co Û``2 )+y+( nÛ``44 +co Û``44 )+ nÛ``45 + nÛ``90

=1+1+y+1+;2!;+1=45+;2!;=:»2Á:
44

;2Ò; x
13
nÛ``{;2Ò;- }+ nÛ``( - )+ nÛ``{ 3 - }+ nÛ``(2 - )
2

n`{;2Ò;- }=co ` n`( - )= n`

n`{;2#; - }=-co ` n`(2 - )=- n`

nÛ``{;2Ò;- }+ nÛ``( - )+ nÛ``{;2#; - }+ nÛ``(2 - )

=co `Û ` + nÛ`` +(-co ` )Û`+(- n` )Û`

=co `Û ` + nÛ`` +co `Û ` + nÛ``
=2

236
co Û``0 +co Û``1 +co Û``2 +y+co Û``89 +co Û``90 :2Á:

n`1 n`2 n`3 y_ n`88 n`89 1

237 co Û``( + )+co Û``{;2Ò;+ }+co Û``(2 + )+co Û``{;2#; + } 2

176
STEP 1
x
204 y=co `
2
x co `{;2Ò;-;2{;}= n`;2{;

x
x
y=co `
2
y=co `;2{; y=-co `;2{; y= n`;2{; x

x-1 x
✔ y=- n`;2{; y= n` y=co `{
2
- }
2
x-
y=co ` =co `{;2Ò;-;2{;}= n`;2{;
2
-y= n`;2{; y=- n`;2{;

205 f(x)=2` n`(ax+b) 2 f(2)=2 a b y=a` n`(bx+c)+d

a+b { a>0 - <b<;2Ò;} ;4#; |b|

2
;aÒ;=2 a=;2Ò;

f(2)=2` n`( +b)=2 n`b=1 b=;4Ò; a+b=;4#;

206 ABC ABC

A+B+C=
A+B 1 A B+C
n` = n` =co `{ }
2 2 2
n`;2C;
✔ co `A=co `(B+C) n`A= n`(B+C)
A B+C
co ` = n`{ }
2 2
co `A=co `{ -(B+C)}=-co `(B+C)
'3 '2
2 2
= - =5

207
'3 '2 '3 '2
- + ;2Ò;_n
2 2 2 2

n
co ` 0 n`112 Ú[
- 5 n
n`420 + n`22 co `330 -co `13
Û
n`{;2Ò;- }`co `(3 + ) Û n`( - )`co `{;2#; + } Û
[ ]`+[ ]` 1
co `( - ) n`( + )
co `( + ) n`( + )` nÛ``( - )
+ 1
n`{;2#; + }`co Û``( - ) co `{;2#; + }
co ` (-co ` ) Û n` ` n` Û`
=[ ]`+{ } =co Û`` +(- n` )Û`=1
-co ` - n`
-co ` - n` (- n` )Û` 1 nÛ``
= + = - =1
-co ` (-co ` )Û` n` co Û`` co Û``

208 =
12
co ` +co `2 +co `3 +y+co `12 -1 =;1É2;

co `11 =co `( - )=-co ` co ` +co `11 =0 12 =

=co `6 +co `12 =co ` +co ` =-1
2

177
 STEP 2
209 y= n`2x

y= n`(2x- ) y= n`2{x-;2Ò;} y=co `{2x-;2Ò;}+1 y= n`2x+1

✔ y=2` n`2x y= n`2x+2

y=- n`(2x+ )-1 y= n`2x-1
y=2` n`2x y= n`2x y 2

2
210 f(x)= n`2x+3`co Û``x+ n`;2{; p f {p+
3
}
'3
+;4#;
2
p f(x+p)=f(x)
2 '3 Û '3
x=;3@; f {p+ }=f {;3@; }= n`;3$; +3`co Û``;3@; + n` =- +3{-;2!;}`+'3= +;4#;
3 3 2 2
211 ABC ABC
A+B+C=
A-B+C
2` n`{ }=co `A`co `( -A)+ n`A` n`( +A)
2
co `B -;2!;

=2` n`{;2Ò;-B}=2`co `B =co `A(-co `A)+ n`A(- n`A)=-1 co `B=-;2!;

212 =( nÛ``10 + nÛ``80 )+y+( nÛ``40 + nÛ``50 )+ nÛ``90 =

90

nÛ``10 + nÛ``20 +y+ nÛ``80 + nÛ``90 5 nÛ``10 + nÛ``80

co `10 +co `20 +y+co `170 +co `180 -1 = nÛ``10 +co `Û `10
=1
n`5 n`10 n`15 y_ n`80 n`85 1
=(co `10 +co `170 )+y+(co `80 +co `100 )+co `90 +co `180 =-1
=( n`5 _ n`85 )_y_( n`40 _ n`50 )_ n`45 =1

213 y=a` n`(bx+c)+d y y=a` n`(bx+c)+d

a b c d abcd |b|

{ b>0 - <c<0} -5'3 2

3 ;6Ò; ;3Ò;
O
;3Ò;-{-;6Ò;}= b=2 { 5} x
2 12 ;1É2;
y=a` n`2{x- }+5
12
(0 2) 2=a` n`2{0- }+5 a=3'3 abcd=3'3_2_{-;6Ò;}_5=-5'3
12

214 y
P (0, 1)
4 =
n`( + )=- n`
8 PÁ Pª y P P Pª

PÁ(1 0) PÁOPª= P (1, 0)

P (-1, 0) O x
n` + n`2 +y+ n`8
P P
0 P (0, -1)
n` + n`2 +y+ n`8
= n` + n`2 + n`3 + n`4 + n`( + )+ n`( +2 )+ n`( +3 )+ n`( +4 )=0

178
03
1. 14
Ú
Û

2. 14
Ú t
Ût
Üt t
x n`x=t co `x=t t -1ÉtÉ1
n`x=t t

y=|co `x+2|-3
y=|co `x+2|-3
co `x=t -1ÉtÉ1 yy
y=|t+2|-3
Ú t¾-2 y=t-1 y

Û t<-2 y=-(t+2)-3=-t-5
-2-1 1
O t
t=1 0 -2
-3
t=-1 -2

3. 15
Ú nÛ``x+co Û``x=1
Û n`x co `x t
Üt
t t

4. 15
Ú t t
Ût
Üt t

179
238 y=| n`x-2|+1

t
n`x=t y= |t-2|+1 yy` t
t
-1 ÉtÉ 1 yy`
y

t¾2 y= t-1 4
t<2 y= -t+3
2
1

-1 O 1 2 t
t= -1 4

t= 1 2

239 y=-|co `x-3|+2

co `x=t y= -|t-3|+2 yy`

-1 ÉtÉ 1 yy`

t¾3 y= -t+5

t<3 y= t-1

t= 1 0

t= -1 -2

180
 -
14

y=2` n`x-co `{x-;2Ò;}-1 y=| n`x-1|-2

co `{x-;2Ò;}=co `[-{;2Ò;-x}]=co `{;2Ò;-x}= n`x

y=2` n`x-co `{x-;2Ò;}-1

=2` n`x- n`x-1

= n`x-1
-1É n`xÉ1 -2É n`x-1É0
0 -2
y=| n`x-1|-2
n`x=t -1ÉtÉ1 yy`
y=|t-1|-2
t¾1 y=t-3
y
t<1 y=-t-1 y=|t-1|-2
1
-1 O t
t=-1 0
t=1 -2
-2
0 -2

-1É n`xÉ1 -2É n`x-1É0

0É| n`x-1|É2 -2É| n`x-1|-2É0
0 -2

KEY
Point

t t

240
-1 -5

y=3`co `(x+ )- n`{x-;2Ò;}-3 y=| n`x-;2!;|+1 ;2%; 1

y=|2` n`x-5|-1 6 2 y=|2-3`co `x|+1 6 1

241 y=a|co `x-1|+b 6 -2 a b a+b

a>0) 2

181
 -
15
0ÉxÉ2 )

-2` n`x+5
y=2` nÛ``x+4`co `x+1 y=
n`x+2

Û``x+ o Û``x=1
t t

y=2` nÛ``x+4`co `x+1 y

=2(1-co Û``x)+4`co `x+1 Û nÛ``x+co Û``x=1 5

=-2`co Û``x+4`co `x+3
3
co `x=t -1ÉtÉ1
y=-2tÛ`+4t+3=-2(t-1)Û`+5 -1
-1ÉtÉ1 O1 t

t=1 5
-3
t=-1 -3
5 -3
-2` n`x+5
y= n`x=t y
n`x+2
-1ÉtÉ1 7
-2t+5 -2(t+2)+9 9
y= = = -2
t+2 t+2 t+2 5
-1ÉtÉ1 2
1
t=-1 7 -2
-1 O 1 t
t=1 1
-2
7 1

-2` n`x+5 5-2y

y= (y+2) n`x=5-2y n`x=
n`x+2 y+2
5-2y
-1É n`xÉ1 É1 -1É
y+2
9 9 y+2
-1É-2+ É1 1É É3 ;3!;É É1 3Éy+2É9
y+2 y+2 9
1ÉyÉ7

242
3 2` n`x
y=-co `Û `x+2` n`x+1 y= ;3@; -2
-1 n`x+2
y= n`{x+;2Ò;}-co `Û `(x+ ) ;4!; -2

y=co Û``{;2Ò;+x}-3`co Û``x+4` n( +x) 5 -4

182
STEP 1
215 y=a| n`2x+2|+b 4 2 a b
ab a>0) 1
n`2x=t -1ÉtÉ1 y=a|t+2|+b
t=1 3a+b=4 t=-1 a+b=2
a=1 b=1 ab=1

216 nÛ ` `x+co Û ` `x=1

y=-2` nÛ``x+2`co `x+1 M m

y
M+m ;2#;
4
1
3
0ÉxÉ y= nÛ``{x+;2Ò;}+co `{x-;2Ò;} M -1
2 O 1 1 t
2
-1
m Mm -;4%;
y=2`co Û``x+2`co `x-1 y=- nÛ``x+ n`x+1=-tÛ`+t+1 (-1ÉtÉ1)
=2tÛ`+2t-1 (-1ÉtÉ1)
Mm=;4%;_(-1)=-;4%;
M+m=3+{-;2#;}=;2#;

217 a 3 y
a- 4
a-1

1
y= nÛ``x+co `x+a-2 - 2
4 -1 O
1 1 t
2
a-3
y=co Û``{ +x}-2` n`{;2#; -x}+a 7
2 y
a+2
3
a+1
y=-co Û``x+co `x+a-1 y=-co Û``x+2`co `x+a+1
=-tÛ`+t+a-1 (-1ÉtÉ1) =-tÛ`+2t+a+1 (-1ÉtÉ1) -1 1
a-3=-;4!; a=:Á4Á: a+2=7 a=5 O t
a-2=3
2
a-2
STEP a-;4#;=2

2` n`x+1
218 y=
n`x+2
M m

M-m { 0ÉxÉ } ;2!;

4
2t+1 t=0 m=;2!;
n`x=t 0ÉtÉ1 y=
t+2
t=1 M=1 M-m=;2!;

| n`x|+1
219
y
y= ;3@; | n`x|=t
2| n`x|+1
1 0ÉtÉ1
t+1 2
| n`x|=t 0ÉtÉ1 y= 3
2t+1
t=1 ;3@; -
1 O 1 1 t
2 2
nÛ``x+ n`x`co `x-4`co Û``x
220
n`x
y= M n`x=
co `x
co Û``x
m M+m { - ÉxÉ } -:ª4°:
4 4
y= nÛ``x+ n`x-4 -;2!;
y

n`x=t -1ÉtÉ1 y=tÛ`+t-4 -1 1

O t
t=1 M=-2 -2
17
t=-;2!; m=- -4
183
4 -:Á4¦:
17 25
M+m=(-2)+{- }=-
4 4
 04
1. 16, 17, 18

co `x= 1 '3` n`x=1

2

Ú n`x=k` co `x=k n`x=k)

Û y= n`x y=co `x y= n`x) y=k
Ü x

f(x)=g(x) y=f(x) y=g(x) x

0Éx< y= n`x y=k
x a b 0Éx<
n`x=k x=a x=b

'3
0Éx<2 n`x=
2
'3
y= n`x y=
2
x ;3Ò; ;3@;

x=;3Ò; x=;3@;

2. 19, 20

n`x> 1 2`co `x+'3>0

2

`x>k ( o `x>k `x>k)

y= n`x y=co `x y= n`x) y=k x

`x<k ( o `x<k `x<k)

y= n`x y=co `x y= n`x) y=k
x

f(x)>g(x) y=f(x) y=g(x) x

184
 1
0Éx<2 co `x<
2
y=co `x y

y=;2!; x 1 y=;2!;
;2;
2
O ;3; x
;3Ò;<x<;3%; ;2#; ;3%;
-1
y=co x

`x=k 1
y=k P Q OP OQ a b
o `x=k 2
x=k P Q OP OQ a b
`x=k 3
(1 k) P Q OP OQ
a b
y y y
1 1 1 (1, k)
Q P
P y=k P
b b b a
a a
-1 O 1 x -1 O 1 x -1 O 1 x

Q
Q
-1 -1 -1
x=k

1 2 3

1
0Éx<2 co `x<
2

x=;2!; P Q OP OQ y
1 P
;3%;
3
3 3
1 -1 1 x
x O
2
Q
;3Ò;<x<;3%; -1
1
x=
2

185
 0ÉxÉ3 n`x=k
y= n`x y=k x a b c d

y= n`x x=;2Ò;
a+b
=;2Ò; b= -a
2
y= n`x 2 c=2 +a

y= n`x x=;2%;
c+d
=;2%; d=3 -a
2
0ÉxÉ3 n`x=k
x=a x= -a x=2 +a x=3 -a

y= n`x y y=sin x
1
co `(a+b+c+d+ +f) p
O c d
a b e f x
-p
-1

(a 0) (b 0) x=;2Ò;
a+b
=;2Ò; a+b=
2
(c 0) (d 0) x=;2#;
c+d
=;2#; c+d=3
2
( 0) (f 0) x=;2%;
+f
=;2%; +f=5
2
a+b+c+d+ +f= +3 +5 =9
co `(a+b+c+d+ +f)=co `9 =-1

186
 1
243 co `x=
2
0Éx<2 )
x

0Éx<2 y=co `x
1
y=
2

y=co `x
1
y= x
2

;3Ò; ;3%;

x= ;3Ò; x= ;3%;

244 n`x<1
0Éx<2 )

x
0Éx<2 y= n`x
y=1

y= n`x y=1

x ;4Ò; ;4%;

y= n`x y=1
x

0Éx<;4Ò; ;2Ò;<x<;4%; ;2#; <x<2

187
 -
16
0ÉxÉ2 )

n`x=;2!; co `x=-;2!; n`x='3

y= n`x y=;2!; y y= n`x

1
A B 1
y=
A B x 2�
O 3 2 x
n`;6Ò;=;2!; A x ;6Ò; 6 2 6 2
-1
A B x=;2Ò; B

x -;6Ò;=;6%; x=;6Ò; x=;6%;

y=co `x y=-;2!; y y=co x

1
1� 2 4
A B x 2 3 3
O 3 2 x
co `;3Ò;=;2!; A x -;3Ò;=;3@; 2 y=- 1
A B 2
-1 3 2
A B x= B

x +;3Ò;=;3$; x=;3@; x=;3$;

y= n`x y='3 y
A B y='3
A B x 3
2 2
O 4 2 x
n`;3Ò;='3 A x ;3Ò; 3 3

y= n`x B x y= n`x
+;3Ò;=;3$; x=;3Ò; x=;3$;

y=;2!; P Q OP OQ

x=-;2!; P Q OP OQ

(1 '3) P Q OP OQ

y y y
5p (1, '3)
1 6 1
P 1 P
Q P 1 2p
y=
2 3 4
3 3
-1 O p 1 x -1 O 1 x -1 1 x
6 O
4p
-1 3 Q Q
-1 -1
1
x=-
2

245 0ÉxÉ2 )

1
2` n`x=-'3 co `x= '3` n`x=1
'2
x=;3$; x=;3%; x=;4Ò; x=;4&; x=;6Ò; x=;6&;
188
 -
17
0Éx< 2`co `{2x+ }='3
3

'3
2`co `{2x+;3Ò;}='3 co `{2x+;3Ò;}=
2
'3
2x+;3Ò;=t co `t=
2
0Éx< 0É2x<2 ;3Ò;É2x+;3Ò;<;3&; ;3Ò;Ét<;3&; yy
'3 y
y=co `t y= 1 '3
2 y=
2
t :Á6Á: :Á6£: 2
O 3 2 t
3 2 3
2x+;3Ò;=:Á6Á: 2x+;3Ò;=:Á6£: -1
y=co `t 11 13
6 6
x=;4#; x=;1!2!;

-
18
0ÉxÉ2 2`co Û``x+ n`x=1

2`co Û``x+ n`x=1 2(1- nÛ``x)+ n`x=1 y y= n`x y=1

2` nÛ``x- n`x-1=0 (2` n`x+1)( n`x-1)=0 1
3 11
6 2 6
n`x=-;2!; n`x=1 O 2 x
2 1
0ÉxÉ2 -1 y=-
2

n`x=-;2!; x=;6&; x=:Á6Á:

n`x=1 x=;2Ò;

KEY
Point `(ax+b)=k
ax+b=t t

246
'3
n`2x= (0Éx< ) x=;6Ò; x=;3Ò; n`{x+;4Ò;}='3 (- Éx< )
2
x=-;1!2!; x=;1É2;

2` n`{x-;3Ò;}='3 (0Éx<2 ) co Û``x-co `x-2=0 (0Éx<2 ) x=

x=;3@; x=
3
2` nÛ``x-co `x-1=0 (0Éx<2 ) n`x+ =2'3 (0<x<2 )
n`x
x=;3Ò; x= x=;3%; x=;3Ò; x=;3$;

189
 -
19
0Éx<2 )

1
n`x> co `{x-;6Ò;}É-;2!;
'2

1 y
y= n`x
n`x> y= n`x 1 y= 1
'2 '2
1
y= x
'2 O 3 2 x
4 4
;4Ò;<x<;4#; -1

co `{x-;6Ò;}É-;2!; x-;6Ò;=t co `tÉ-;2!; yy`

0Éx<2 -;6Ò;Éx-;6Ò;<:Á6Á: -;6Ò;Ét<:Á6Á:

-;6Ò;Ét<:Á6Á: y=co `t y
1

y=-;2!; t ;3@; ;3$; -

2 4 11
6 3 3 6 t
O 1
y=co `t y=-;2!; y=-
2
-1 y=co `t
t

;3@; ÉtÉ;3$;

t=x-;6Ò; ;3@; Éx-;6Ò;É;3$; ;6%; ÉxÉ;2#;

1 y
y= P Q OP OQ 3
'2 1
y= 1
4
'2
;4Ò; ;4#; Q P

1 1 -1 O 1 x
n`x> y 4
'2 '2
3 -1
;4Ò;<x<
4

KEY
Point `(ax+b)<k
ax+b=t t

247 ;2Ò;<xÉ;6%; ;2#; <xÉ;Á6Á: 0Éx<;6%; ;6&; <x<2

'3` n`xÉ-1 (0Éx<2 ) 2`co `x>-'3 (0Éx<2 )

n`x<co `x (0Éx<2 ) co `{x+;6Ò;}É;2!; (0Éx<2 ) ;6Ò;ÉxÉ;2#;

0Éx<;4Ò; ;4%; <x<2
'3
n`{x-;3Ò;}¾ (0ÉxÉ ) n`{x+;3Ò;}<1 (0Éx< ) ;6Ò;<x<;1!2!;
2
;3@; ÉxÉ

190
 -
20

2`co Û``x-3` n`x<0 (0Éx<2 )

2`co Û``{x-;2Ò;}+co `x-2>0 (0ÉxÉ )

Û``x+ o Û``x=1

2`co Û``x-3` n`x<0 2(1- nÛ``x)-3` n`x<0

2` nÛ``x+3` n`x-2>0 (2` n`x-1)( n`x+2)>0
n`x+2>0

2` n`x-1>0 n`x>;2!; yy`

0Éx<2 y= n`x y=;2!; y

1 1
y=
2
x ;6Ò; ;6%;
O 5 2 x
y= n`x y=;2!; 6 6
-1
y= n`x
x ;6Ò;<x<;6%;

2`co `Û `{x-;2Ò;}+co `x-2>0

2` nÛ``x+co `x-2>0 2(1-co Û``x)+co `x-2>0

2`co `Û `x-co `x<0 co `x(2`co `x-1)<0

0<co `x<;2!;

;3Ò;<x<;2Ò;

KEY
Point
Ú `Û `x+ o `Û `x=1
Û x

248
2` nÛ``{x+;2#; }+3` n`x-3¾0 (0Éx< ) ;6Ò;ÉxÉ;6%;

2`co `x>3` n`x {-;2Ò;<x<;2Ò;} -;2Ò;<x<;6Ò;

nÛ``x+ '3+1) n`x>-'3 (0Éx< ) 0Éx<;2Ò; ;2Ò;<x<;3@; ;4#; <x<

191
 21

x xÛ`+2x+2`co ` =0
0É É )
x '2xÛ`+4x` n` -3'2`co ` >0
0É É2 )

xÛ`+2x+2`co ` =0 D y
y=co `
:4;D;=1Û`-2`co ` <0 co ` >;2!; 1 y= 1
2

O
3 2
0É <;3Ò; -1

x '2xÛ`+(4` n` )x-3'2`co ` >0

'2xÛ`+(4` n` )x-3'2`co ` =0
D D<0

:4;D;=(2` n` )Û`+'2´3'2`co ` <0

2` nÛ`` +3`co ` <0 2(1-co Û`` )+3`co ` <0

2`co `Û ` -3`co ` -2>0 (2`co ` +1)(co ` -2)>0
co ` -2<0 2`co ` +1<0 y
1 y=co `
co ` <-;2!; 2 4
3 3 2
O
1
-1 y=-
;3@; < <;3$; 2

KEY
Point a b axÛ`+bx+ =0 =bÛ`-4a
>0 HjK
=0 HjK
<0 HjK
x axÛ`+bx+ >0 a>0 <0

249 x y=xÛ`+2'2x` n` -3`co ` x

0É <2 ) 0É <;3@; ;3$; < <2

1
250 x xÛ`-2x` n` + ` n` >0
2
0É É2 ) 0< <;6Ò; ;6%; < <

192
STEP 1
221 4xÛ`+2 '3-1)x-'3=0 co ` n` ;2Ò;É É

co ` É0 n` ¾0
{ É É } ;6%;
2
'3
4xÛ`+2('3-1)x-'3=0 x=- x=;2!;
2
'3
;2Ò;É É co ` =- n` =;2!; =;6%;
2

222 f(x)=co `x g(x)= n`x g `( f(x))=;6Ò;

g `(`f(x))=;6Ò; { , - <x<;2Ò;} x=-;3Ò; x=;3Ò; f(x)=g {;6Ò;}

2
g ` `f(x))= f(x)=g {;6Ò;}= n`;6Ò;=;2!; co `x=;2!;
6
-;2Ò;<x<;2Ò; x=-;3Ò; x=;3Ò;

223 n`{
2
+x}-co `( -x)=1 0Éx<2 )

;3$; ;3%; ✔ 2 ;3&; 

co `x-(-co `x)=1 co `x=;2!;

0Éx<2 x=;3Ò; x=;3%;

;3Ò;+;3%; =2

224 0Éx< nÛ``x- '3-1) n`x<'3 A

A

;6Ò; ;5Ò; ;4Ò; ✔ ;3@; ;5$; 

n`x=t tÛ`-('3-1)t-'3<0 -1<t<'3
-1< n`x<'3
A=[x|0Éx<;3Ò; ;4#; <x< ]

225
n`x
0<x<2 2`co `x+3` n`x=0 n`x=
co `x
3
n`x
2`co `x+3 =0 2`co Û``x+3` n`x=0 (2` n`x+1)( n`x-2)=0
co `x
n`x-2É-1 n`x=-;2!; x=;6&; x=:Á6Á:

;6&; +:Á6Á: =3

STEP 2
226 2| n`x|='2 (0Éx<4 ) 8
'2 '2
2| n`x|='2 | n`x|= n`x=
2 2
'2
| n`x|= 8
2

193
 1
227 y= n`;2Ò;x y=
2
x
x
a b c d f a+b+c+d+ +f 6

a+b c+d +f
=-3 =1 =5
2 2 2
a+b+c+d+ +f=-6+2+10=6

2`co `x<1
228 0Éx<2 [
2` n`x>1
a<x<b 2`co `x<1
2` n`x>1
n`(a+b) -;2!; x
Ú 2`co `x<1 ;3Ò;<x<;3%; Ú Û ;3Ò;<x<;6%;

Û 2` n`x>1 ;6Ò;<x<;6%; n`(a+b)= n`{;3Ò;+;6%; }=-;2!;

229 - ÉxÉ;2Ò;
2
| n`x|<co `x x
y
y=| n�x| y=co �x
-;4Ò;<x<;4Ò; 1

-2 -4 O x
4 2

230
'3
;2!;É n`{;2!;x+;3Ò;}< (- Éx< ) -;3Ò;Éx<0 ;3@; <x<
2
2`co Û``{ -;3Ò;}-co `{ +;6Ò;}¾1 (0É <2 ) ;6Ò;É É;2#;

'3
;2!;x+;3Ò;=t ;2!;É n`t< ;6Ò;Ét<;3Ò; ;3@; <t<;6%; -;3Ò;Éx<0 ;3@; <x<
2
-;3Ò;=t 2` nÛ``t- n`t-1É0 -;2!;É n`tÉ1 ;6Ò;É É;2#;

231 x xÛ`-3x+1-2` nÛ`` =0

axÛ`+bx+c=0
{ É É } a b
2

;3@; É É;4#; ;3@; É É ✔ ;2Ò;É <;4#;

ab<0 ;a;<0
y y= n
;2Ò;É <;6%; ;2Ò;É <  1
y=
'2
2
1-2` nÛ`` <0 nÛ`` >;2!;
'2
n` > ( 0É n` É1) ;2Ò;É <;4#; O 3
2 2 4

232 co Û`` -3`co ` -a+9¾0

a aÉ7
co ` =t -1ÉtÉ1 tÛ`-3t-a+9¾0
f(t)=tÛ`-3t-a+9 t=1 f(1)¾0
f(1)=1-3-a+9=7-a¾0 aÉ7

194
233 0<x<2 y=co `x y=co `( +x)+k
k -2
co `x=-co `x+k 2`co `x=k
y=2`co `x y=k 1 k=-2

234 0ÉxÉ;2#;

- É `co `xÉ
0ÉxÉ;2#; co `( `co `x)=0
x=;3Ò; x=;3@; x=;3$;

co `{;3@; ` n` }=;2!; 0É < )

- É `co `xÉ co `x= ;2!; 0É;3@; ` n` É;3@; n` =;2!;

0ÉxÉ;2#; x=;3Ò; x=;3@; x=;3$; 0É < =;6Ò; =;6%;

1
235 n y= n`nx y=
2
x

f(n) f(3)+f(4) 26
y
Ú n=3 y= n`3x -;3$; -;3@;
y
y=;2Á ;x Û n=4 y= n`4x
y=;2Á ;x
1 1
f(3)=11 f(4)=15
-;2#; ;2Ò;
O O
-2 ;3@; ;3$; 2 x Ú Û -2 ;2Ò; ;2#; 2 x

-1
f(3)+f(4)=26 -1

236 0ÉxÉ ( n`x+co `x)Û`='3` n`x+1

✔ ;6&; ;3$; ;2#; ;3%; :Á6Á: 

( n`x+co `x)Û`='3` n`x+1 '3
co `x= x=;6Ò;
n`x(2`co `x-'3)=0 2
n`x=0 x=0 x= 0+ +;6Ò;=;6&;

237 x y=xÛ`-2x` n` +co `Û `

y=a(x-p)Û`+q
y=x ;6Ò;

(p q)
{ 0É < }
2
y='3x+1
É <2 ) ;3$; < <;3%;
( n` - nÛ`` +co Û`` ) -2` nÛ`` +1<'3` n` +1
- nÛ`` +co Û`` = n` '3
n` <- n` >0
2
n` =;2!; n` =-1 =;6Ò;`{ 0É <;2Ò;}
;3$; < <;3; ( É <2 )

238 nÛ`` -co ` -a+1=0

a 0É <2 ) 0ÉaÉ;4(;
nÛ`` -co ` -a+1=0 co Û`` +co ` -2=-a y y=t`+t-2

co ` =t -1ÉtÉ1 y=tÛ`+t-2 1
-1- 2
0ÉaÉ;4(; O 1 t
y=-a

-2
-4
195
 01
1. 1, 2

ABC A

a b
= = =2 c b
`A `B `C O

C
B a

ABC A B C A B C a b c

2. 3, 4

a b c
n`A= n`B= n`C= Û
2 2 2
a=2 ` n`A b=2 ` n`B c=2 ` n`C Û

a b c= n`A n`B n`C Û

ABC A=60 B=45 a=3 b

a b 3 b A
= =2 = =2
n`A n`B n`60 n`45
60
3 b 3 b
= b='6 =2 ='3
n`60 n`45 n`60
45
B C
3

ABC O A
a
n`A
Ú A<90 A
A
B BA A=A BCA =90
2
a
n`A= n`A = O
2
a B C
a
=2
n`A

198
Û A=90 A

n`A=1 2 =a
O
a B C
n`A=1= 2 =a
2
a
=2
n`A
Ü A>90 A

B BA A=180 -A a
B C
A CB=90 O
2
a A
n`A= n`(180 -A )= n`A =
2
a
=2
n`A
a
Ú Û Ü A =2
n`A

b c
=2 =2
n`B n`C

90

180

A+B+C=180

B C
a

A
c
b
b

B C C

199
 01
ABC

a=10 A=45 C=60 c

b=1 c='3 B=30 a A C

a c A
=
n`A n`C 4
10 c c
=
n`4 n` 0
c=5'6 0
B C
b c 10
=
n`B n`C
1 '3 '3
= n`C=
n`30 n`C 2
C=60 C=120
Ú C=60 A

A=180 -(30 +60 )=90 '3 1

a '3 30 60
= a=2 B C
n`90 n`60 a
a=2 A=90 C=60
Û C=120 30 A

A=180 -(30 +120 )=30 '3

1
ABC A=B a=1 120
30
a=1 A=30 C=120 B C

KEY
Point

251 ABC c=20 A=45 B=105 a 20'2

252 ABC a=15 c=30 A=30

B 60 b 15'3

200
 02
a=2'2 B=60ù C=75ù ABC A

R R

60 75
B 2'2 C

ABC A+B+C=180ù
A=180ù-(60ù+75ù)=45ù
a
2R=
sin`A
a 2'2
R= = =2
2`sin`A 2`sin`45ù

-
03
ABC (a+b) (b+c) (c+a)=6 7 9 sin`A sin`B sin`C

k a+b=6k yy b+c=7k yy c+a=9k yy

+ + 2(a+b+c)=22k
a+b+c=11k yy
- c=5k - a=4k - b=2k
sin`A sin`B sin`C=a b c=4k 2k 5k=4 2 5

KEY
Point
a b c=2R`sin`A 2R`sin`B 2R`sin`C=sin`A sin B sin`C
a b c
sin`A sin`B sin`C=
2R =a
b c
2R 2R

253 b=2'3 A=75ù C=45ù ABC A

4p 75 2'3

45
B C

254 ABC a+b-2c=0 2a-3b+3c=0

sin`A sin`B sin`C 3 7 5

255 ABC A B C=3 2 1 a b c 2 '3 1

201
 `
04
ABC a`sin`A=b`sin`B+c`sin`C ABC

ABC R
a b c
sin`A= sin`B= sin`C=
2R 2R 2R

a b c
a´ =b´ +c´
2R 2R 2R
aÛ`=bÛ`+cÛ`
ABC A=90ù

05

A B C A A 45
B CAB ABC
50�m 105
ABÓ=50`m CAB=45ù ABC=105ù
B C

ABÓ
R =2R
sin`C
50
ABÓ=50`m C=180ù-(45ù+105ù)=30ù 2R= =100`(m)
sin`30ù
100`m

KEY
Point
a b c
sin`A= sin`B= sin`C=
2R 2R 2R

256 ABC a`sinÛ``A=b`sinÛ``B ABC

a=b

257 10�m
C
A
A B C ACÓ=10`m ABC=45ù BCA=60ù 60˘

10'2p`m
45˘

202
02
1. 6

ABC A

aÛ`=bÛ`+cÛ`-2bc`cos`A
c b
bÛ`=cÛ`+aÛ`-2ca`cos`B
cÛ`=aÛ`+bÛ`-2ab`cos`C
B C
a

ABC b=3 c=5 A=60ù a

A

aÛ`=bÛ`+cÛ`-2bc`cos`A 5 60
3
=9+25-2´3´5`cos`60ù
=19 B C
a
a>0 a='¶19

2. 6~9

bÛ`+cÛ`-aÛ`
cos`A= Û aÛ`=bÛ`+cÛ`-2bc`cos`A
2bc
cÛ`+aÛ`-bÛ`
cos`B= Û bÛ`=cÛ`+aÛ`-2ca`cos`B
2ca
aÛ`+bÛ`-cÛ`
cos`C= Û cÛ`=aÛ`+bÛ`-2ab`cos`C
2ab

ABC a='2Œ1 b=4 c=5 A

A

bÛ`+cÛ`-aÛ`
cos`A= 5
2bc 4
16+25-21
=
2´4´5
B C
1 '2Œ1
=
2
0ù<A<180ù A=60ù

203
 ABC A BC H C
AB
Ú C<90ù A

AHÓ=b`sin`C BHÓ=BCÓ-CHÓ=a-b`cos`C c b
ABH
B C
cÛ`=BHÓ Û`+AHÓ Û` H
a
=(a-b`cos`C)Û`+(b`sin`C)Û`
=aÛ`+bÛ`(sinÛ``C+cosÛ``C)-2ab`cos`C
=aÛ`+bÛ`-2ab`cos`C
Û C=90ù A

ABC C=90ù cos`C=0 c

b
cÛ`=aÛ`+bÛ`=aÛ`+bÛ`-2ab`cos`C
Ü C>90ù B C
a

AHÓ=b`sin`(180ù-C)=b`sin`C
BHÓ=BCÓ+CHÓ=a+b`cos`(180ù-C)=a-b`cos`C A

ABH c
b
cÛ`=BHÓ Û`+AHÓ Û`
=(a-b`cos`C)Û`+(b`sin`C)Û` B H
a C

=aÛ`+bÛ`(sinÛ``C+cosÛ``C)-2ab`cos`C
=aÛ`+bÛ`-2ab`cos`C
Ú Û Ü C cÛ`=aÛ`+bÛ`-2ab`cos`C

bÛ`=cÛ`+aÛ`-2ca`cos`B aÛ`=bÛ`+cÛ`-2bc`cos`A

c
[

B C
a
A

c b

B C
a

204
 06
ABC

b=8 c=4 A=60ù a B C

a='2 b=2 c='3+1 A B C

aÛ`=bÛ`+cÛ`-2bc`cos`A=8Û`+4Û`-2´8´4`cos`60ù
1
=64+16-2´8´4´ =48
2
a>0 a='4Œ8=4'3
a b
=
sin`A sin`B
4'3 8
= sin`B=1 B=90ù
sin`60ù sin`B
A+B+C=180ù C=180ù-(60ù+90ù)=30ù
a=4'3 B=90ù C=30ù

bÛ`+cÛ`-aÛ` 2Û`+('3+1)Û`-('2)Û` 2'3('3+1) '3

cos`A= = = =
2bc 2´2´('3+1) 4('3+1) 2
aÛ`+cÛ`-bÛ` ('2)Û`+('3+1)Û`-2Û` 2('3+1) '2
cos`B= = = =
2ac 2´'2´('3+1) 2'2 ('3+1) 2
A=30ù B=45ù
A+B+C=180ù C=180ù-(30ù+45ù)=105ù
A=30ù B=45ù C=105ù

KEY
Point

[ ]

258 ABC

b='2 c=3 A=135ù a '1§7

a='7 b=2 c=3 A 60ù

205
 07
ABC a=3 b=5 c=7

ABC c C

aÛ`+bÛ`-cÛ` 3Û`+5Û`-7Û`
cos`C= = =-;2!;
2ab 2´3´5
0ù<C<180ù C=120ù
120ù

08
ABC sin`A sin`B sin`C=7 3 8 A

sin`A sin`B sin`C=a b c=7 3 8

a=7k b=3k c=8k (k>0)

bÛ`+cÛ`-aÛ` (3k)Û`+(8k)Û`-(7k)Û`
cos`A= = =;2!;
2bc 2´3k´8k
0ù<A<180ù A=60ù

KEY
Point

[ ]

259 ABC a='6 b=2 c='3+1 45ù

sin`A sin`B sin`C B+C-A

260 ABC
7
=
5
=
3
sin`{
2
}
-;2!;

206
 `
09
ABC sin`A=2`cos`B`sin`C ABC

ABC a b c c
cÛ`=aÛ`+bÛ` C=90ù cÛ`>aÛ`+bÛ`
cÛ`<aÛ`+bÛ` a=b aÛ`=bÛ` a=b

ABC R
a cÛ`+aÛ`-bÛ` c
sin`A=2`cos`B`sin`C =2´ ´
2R 2ca 2R
aÛ`=cÛ`+aÛ`-bÛ` bÛ`=cÛ` b=c b>0 c>0)
ABC b=c

10

A B C
ACÓ=30`m
BCÓ=50`m ACB=120ù A B

ABÓ Û`=ACÓ Û`+BCÓ Û`-2 ACÓ´BCÓ´cos`C

1
=30Û`+50Û`-2´30´50´{- } cos`120ù=cos`(180ù-60ù)=-cos`60ù=-;2!;
2
=70Û`
ABÓ=70 (m) ABÓ>0)
A B 70`m

KEY
Point

261 ABC a`cos`B=b`cos`A+c ABC

A=90ù

262 C

10�m
A B C ABÓ=6`m ACÓ=10`m BAC=120ù 6�m
14'3 m 120
3 A
B

207
STEP 1
239 ABC c=10'6 A=60ù B=75ù a 30
C=180ù-(60ù+75ù)=45ù
a 10'6
= a=30
sin`60ù sin`45ù

240 ABC b=4 c=4'3 C=60ù a

5 4'3 ✔ 8 6'3 9'2

4 4'3 A=180ù-(30ù+60ù)=90ù
= sin`B=;2!;
sin`B sin`60ù a 4'3
= a=8
C=60ù 0ù<B<120ù B=30ù sin`90ù sin`60ù

a
241 3 ABC 12 sin`A=
2R
sin`A+sin`B+sin`C 2
sin`B=
b
ABC R
2R
R=3 a+b+c=12 c
sin`C=
a b c 2R
sin`A+sin`B+sin`C= + + =2
2R 2R 2R

242 ABC a=7 c=5 B=60ù A

13p b
5
bÛ`=5Û`+7Û`-2´5´7`cos`60ù=39
b>0 b='3Œ9 60
B C
ABC R 7
'3Œ9
2R= =2'1Œ3 R='1Œ3
sin`60ù
pRÛ`=13p

243 ABCD D B+D=180ù

1 A 2
ADÓ=2 CDÓ=3 cos`B= ACÓ 3
4
4
C
B+D=180ù D=180ù-B
1 B
cos`D=cos`(180ù-B)=-cos`B=-
4
ACÓ Û`=2Û`+3Û`-2´2´3`cos`D=16 ACÓ=4 ACÓ>0)

244 ABC sin`A='2`sin`B=2`sin`C ABC sin`A sin`B sin`C

h cos`h

'2 '2 '2 '2 '2

- - ✔ -
2 3 4 4 2
sin`A sin`B
2 = =sin`C sin`A sin`B sin`C=a b c=2 '2 1
2 '2
a=2k b='2k c=k`(k>0) a A
('2k)Û`+kÛ`-(2k)Û` '2
cos`h=cos`A= =-
2´'2k´k 4

208
245 ABC a b c a-2b+c=0 3a+b-2c=0
3
cos`C -;2!;
2 a b c
, a=;7#; c, b=;7%; c a b c=;7#; c ;7%; c c=3 5 7
(3k)Û`+(5k)Û`-(7k)Û`
a=3k, b=5k, c=7k`(k>0) cos`C= =-;2!;
2´3k´5k
STEP 2
246 ABC b='2 c='5 C=45ù
3'1Œ0 '5
A A BCÓ

sin`A 1
'2
10
45
3 '5 3 3'1Œ0 B C
= sin`A= = 2 1
sin`A sin`45ù '1Œ0 10

247 40`m P

A B P
PAB=75ù PBA=60ù PAQ=30ù
B Q
60ù
10'6`m
40`m 75ù
h`m APÓ=2h`(m) 30ù
APB=180ù-(60ù+75ù)=45ù A
2h 40
= h=10'6`(m)
sin`60ù sin`45ù

248 ABÓ=1 ADÓ=2

'1Œ0 1
A 2 D AFÓ AHÓ FHÓ

BFÓ=1 cos`h h AFH

10 B C
AFÓ Û`+AHÓ Û`-FHÓ Û` 2+5-5 1 '1Œ0 1 E H
cos`h= = = =
2´AFÓ´AHÓ 2´'2´'5 '1Œ0 10
F G

sin`A sin`B sin`C

249 ABC
2
=
4
=
3
a b c
a b c=2 4 3 cos`A=;8&; =sin`A sin`B sin`C
sin`A+sin`(B+C)

'7 '1Œ5 '1Œ5 '1Œ5 '1Œ5

✔
8 8 4 3 2
'1Œ5 '1Œ5
sin`A="Ã1-cosÛ``A= sin`A+sin`(B+C)=sin`A+sin`(180ù-A)=2`sin`A=
8 4

250 ABC

A-B+C
2`sin`{ }`sin`A=sin`C
2

A=90ù B=90ù
✔ a=b
b=c

A-B+C 180ù-2B
sin`{ }=sin`{ }=sin`(90ù-B)=cos`B
2 2
2`cos`B`sin`A=sin C
ABC R 2´
cÛ`+aÛ`-bÛ` a
2ca
´
2R
=
c
2R
209
aÛ`=bÛ` a=b ( a>0 b>0)
251 x
axÛ`-4'b`x`sin (B+C)+4`sinÛ``A=0
ABC

B=;2Ò; C=;2Ò;

✔ a=b a=c

D 4(b-a)`sinÛ``A=0
D a=b sinÛ``A=0
={2'b`sin`(B+C)}Û`-4a`sinÛ``A=0
4 0ù<A<180ù sin`A+0
4b`sinÛ``(p-A)-4a`sinÛ``A=0 ABC a=b

252 ABCD ABCD

ABÓ=1 BCÓ=2 CDÓ=3 DAÓ=4 cos`A
A+C=180ù

✔ ;5!; ;5@; ;5#;

;5$; ;6%;
A+C=180ù
BDÓ Û`=ABÓ Û`+ADÓ Û`-2´ABÓ´ADÓ`cos`A=17-8`cos`A yy`
BDÓ Û`=BCÓ Û`+CDÓ Û`-2´BCÓ´CDÓ`cos`C=13+12`cos`A yy`
17-8`cos`A=13+12`cos`A cos`A=;5!;

253 ABÓ=BCÓ=6 C ADÓ=DEÓ=ECÓ

ABC AC D E E
DBE=h cos`h ;5$; 6
D
ACÓ=6'2 ADÓ=2'2
BDÓ Û`=ABÓ Û`+ADÓ Û`-2´ABÓ´ADÓ`cos`45ù=20 h
BDÓ=2'5 ( BDÓ>0) A B
6
ABDª CBE (SAS BEÓ=BDÓ=2'5
BDÓ Û`+BEÓ Û`-DEÓ Û`
cos`h= =;5$;
2´BDÓ´BEÓ

254 xÛ`+x+1 2x+1 xÛ`-1

120ù
2x+1>0 xÛ`-1>0 x>1
xÛ`+x+1 h
(2x+1)Û`+(xÛ`-1)Û`-(xÛ`+x+1)Û` 1
cos`h= =- h=120ù ( 0ù<h<180ù)
2(2x+1)(xÛ`-1) 2

255 ABC sin`A sin`B='2 1 cÛ`=bÛ`+ac C

30ù 45ù 60ù ✔ 105ù 120ù

sin`A sin`B=a b='2 1 a='2b
bÛ`+cÛ`-aÛ` bÛ`+(bÛ`+ac)-2bÛ` '2bc '2
cos`A= = = = A=45ù ( 0ù<A<180ù)
2bc 2bc 2bc 2
'2k k
a b='2 1 a='2k b=k(k>0) = sin`B=;2!;
sin`45ù sin`B
0ù<B<135ù B=30ù C=180ù-(45ù+30ù)=105ù

210
03
1. 11, 12

ABC S A

S=;2!;`bc`sin`A=;2!;`ca`sin`B=;2!;`ab`sin`C c b
S

B C
a

(Heron)
a+b+c
S="Ãs(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) { s= }
2
R
abc
S= =2RÛ``sin`A`sin`B`sin`C
4R
r

S=;2!;r(a+b+c)

2. 13, 14

a b h
a
S
h
S=ab`sin`h b

a b h
S h
a
b
S=;2!;`ab`sin`h

211
 ABC A BC H AHÓ=h
C
Ú C<90ù Û C=90ù Ü C>90ù
A A A

c b c c
h b=h b h

B C B C(H) B H
H a a C
a
h=b`sin`C sin` h=b=b`sin`C h=b`sin`(180ù-C)
h=b`sin`C
Ú Û Ü C h=b`sin`C
ABC S

S=;2!;`ah=;2!;`ab`sin`C

S=;2!;`bc`sin`A=;2!;`ca`sin`B

1
S= `bc`sin`A
2
1
= `bc"Ã1-cosÛ``A Û 0ù<A<180ù sin`A>0
2
1
= `bc"Ã(1+cos`A)(1-cos`A)
2
1 bÛ`+cÛ`-aÛ` bÛ`+cÛ`-aÛ`
= `bc¾¨{1+ }{1- } Û
2 2bc 2bc
1
= `bc¾¨ {2bc+(bÛ`+cÛ`-aÛ`)}{2bc-(bÛ`+cÛ`-aÛ`)}
2 (2bc)Û`
bc
= "Ã{(b+c)Û`-aÛ`}{aÛ`-(b-c)Û`}
4bc
1
= "Ã(a+b+c)(-a+b+c)(a-b+c)(a+b-c) yy`
4
1
2 (a+b+c)=s a+b+c=2s

-a+b+c=a+b+c-2a=2s-2a=2(s-a)
a-b+c=2(s-b) a+b-c=2(s-c)

212
 1
S= "Ã2s´2(s-a)´2(s-b)´2(s-c)
4
="Ãs(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)
R
1 a abc Û a =2R sin`A=
a
S= bc`sin`A=;2!; bc´ = sin`A 2R
2 2R 4R
b c
= =2R b=2R`sin`B c=2R`sin`C
sin`B sin`C
1
S= bc`sin`A=;2!;´2R`sin`B´2R`sin`C´sin`A=2RÛ``sin`A`sin`B`sin`C
2
r
ABC I A

r
c r b
S= IAB+ IBC+ ICA I
r
1 1 r
= cr+;2!; ar+;2!; br= r(a+b+c)
2 2 B
a
C

ABCD AC ABC A D

CDA ABCD ABC a

2 h
B C
b
S=2 ABC=2´{;2!;ab`sin`h}=ab`sin`h

ABCD D
A p qª
ABCD a=pÁ+pª b=qÁ+qª
b h O
pª
q a
S= OAB+ OBC+ OCD+ ODA B C

= 1 pÁqÁ`sin`h+;2!; pª qÁ`sin`(180ù-h)+;2!; pª qª`sin`h+;2!; pÁ qª`sin`(180ù-h)

2
= 1 pÁqÁ`sin`h+;2!; pª qÁ`sin`h+;2!; pª qª`sin`h+;2!; pÁ qª`sin`h
2
= 1 (pÁ+pª)qÁ`sin`h+;2!;(pÁ+pª)qª`sin`h
2
= 1 (pÁ+pª)(qÁ+qª)sin`h= 1 ab`sin`h
2 2

213
263 ABC S
a b
a=4 b=5 C=60ù 5'3 C
9'2 S
b=3 c=6 A=45ù 2
15 S=;2!;`ab`sin`C
c=5 a=6 B=30ù 2

264 ABC S S=
abc
4R
1
25 = r(a+b+c)
a=5 b=6 c=5 R= 12 2
8
a=10 b=12 c=8 r='7 15'7

265 ABCD

ABÓ=4 ADÓ='3 A=30ù 2'3

ABÓ=6 BCÓ=8 C=120ù 24'3

266 ABCD

A 6'3 A 20'3
D D
4 10
6 60ù
8
120ù
B C B C

214
 11

ABC a=10 b=8 20'3 C

ABC b=4 A=135ù 2 a

ABC 20'3

;2!;´10´8´sin`C=20'3
'3
sin`C=
2
C C=60ù
ABC 2 A
4
135
;2!;´4´c´sin`135ù=2
B C
a
'2
2c´ =2 c='2
2

aÛ`=bÛ`+cÛ`-2bc`cos`135ù
=4Û`+ '2 )Û`-2´4´'2`cos`135ù
'2
=16+2-8'2´{- }=26
2
a='2§6 a>0)

KEY
Point S

S=;2!;`bc`sin`A=;2!;`ca`sin`B=;2!;`ab`sin`C

267 ABC b=4 c=7 7 A 30ù 150ù

'5
268 ABC a=8 b=6 cos`C=
3
ABC 16

269 b=2'3 c=3'3 A=60ù ABC A

A BCÓ D ADÓ 3'3

2'3
:Á5¥:

B C
D

215
 `-`
12
ABC a=5 b=7 c=8

aÛ`+bÛ`-cÛ` 5Û`+7Û`-8Û`
cos`C= = =;7!;
2ab 2´5´7
4'3
sin`C="Ã1-cosÛ``C=¾¨1-{;7!;}Û`= sin`C>0)
7
ABC S
4'3
S=;2!;ab`sin`C=;2!;´5´7´ =10'3
7
R
abc 5´7´8
S= 10'3=
4R 4R
7'3
R=
3
r

S=;2!;r(a+b+c) 10'3=;2!;r(5+7+8)

r='3

5+7+8
s= =10
2
S="Ã10(10-5)(10-7)(10-8)=10'3

sin`C

KEY
Point S="Ãs(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) { s=
a+b+c
}
2
abc
R S=
4R =2RÛ``sin`A`sin`B`sin`C

r S=;2!;r(a+b+c)

270 ABC a=13 b=14 c=15

84 :¤8°: 4

271 ABC b=8 c=7 A=120ù '3

216
 13
ABÓ=8 ADÓ=10 10 D
A
ABCD 40 A
8
0ù<A<90ù) C
B

ABCD 40
40=8´10´sin`A

sin`A=;2!;

0ù<A<90ù A=30ù

14
ABCD ACÓ=6 A D
30
AC BD 30ù B C
ABCD

ABCD
ACÓ=BDÓ=6
30ù
ABCD S

S=;2!;´6´6´sin`30ù=9

KEY
Point
a
h
h a b
b
S=ab`sin`h S=;2!; ab`sin`h

272 ABÓ=6 BCÓ=7 ABCD A D

21'3 A 90ù<A<180ù) 120ù 6

B C
7

273 150ù 8
4'2

217
STEP 1
256 ABC ABÓ=8 A ;2!;`ABÓ´ACÓ`sin`60ù

ACÓ=6 A=60ù A BC 60ù

=;2!;`BCÓ´AHÓ
12'3Œ9 8 6
H AHÓ 13
BCÓ Û`=8Û`+6Û`-2´8´6`cos`60ù=52 BCÓ=2'§13 BCÓ>0)
ABC ;2!;_2'1Œ3_AHÓ=;2!;_6_8_sin`60ù B C
H
12'3 12'3Œ9
AHÓ= =
'1Œ3 13

257 a=4 b=5 c=7 ABC 4'6

4Û`+5Û`-7Û` 2'6
cos`C= =-;5!; sin`C="Ã1-cosÛ``C=
2´4´5 5
2'6
ABC S S=;2!;´4´5´ =4'6
5

258 ABC
'3
b=3 c=5 A=120ù S=;2!;r(a+b+c)

r 2
aÛ`=3Û`+5Û`-2´3´5`cos`120ù=49 a=7 a>0)
1 15'3
ABC S S= ´3´5´sin`120ù=
2 4
15'3 '3
S=;2!;r(a+b+c) =;2!;r(7+3+5) r=
4 2
259 A sin`h
ABCD 3 D tan`h=
cos`h
3
tanÛ``h ;2!; h
'3 2'3
;2!;´3´2'3´sin`h=3 sin`h= sinÛ``h=;3!; B C
3
sinÛ``h
cosÛ``h=1-sinÛ``h=1-;3!;=;3@; tanÛ``h= =;2!;
cosÛ``h

STEP 2
260 ABC 4 A=30ù B=45ù a b

ABC 4(1+'3`
a b c
=8 a=4 =8 b=4'2
sin`30ù sin`45ù
32=16+cÛ`-2´4´c`cos`45ù c=2'2+2'6 ( c>0)
1
ABC S S= ´4'2´2('2+'6 )´sin`30ù=4(1+'3 )
2

261 ABC A

20 A B C 20
µAB µ BC µCA=3 4 5 B

ABC 100(3+'3 )
C
O
AOB=90ù BOC=120ù COA=150ù
ABC S
S= AOB+ BOC+ COA=;2!;´20Û`´sin`90ù+;2!;´20Û`´sin`120ù+;2!;´20Û`´sin`150ù=100(3+'3 )

218
 5 a
262 ABC 8 sin`A+sin`B+sin`C=
4
sin`A=
2R
b
ABC 20 ABC sin`B=
2R
c
sin`C=
2R

✔ 2 ;2%; 3 ;2&; 4
a b c a b c
sin`A= sin`B= sin`C= + + =;4%; a+b+c=20
16 16 16 16 16 16
sin`A+sin`B+sin`C=;4%; r ;2!;r(a+b+c)=20 r=2

263 BCÓ='3 ACÓ='7 A D

B=30ù ABCD '7

30
'3 2 ✔ 2'3 B
'3 C
3'2 3'3
('7 )Û`=ABÓÓ Û`+('3 )Û`-2ABÓ´'3`cos`30ù (ABÓ-4)(ABÓ+1)=0 ABÓ=4`( ABÓ>0)
ABÓ Û`-3ABÓ-4=0 ABCD S
S=4´'3´sin`30ù=2'3

264 AB O
4`cm
P

APBQ APÓ=4`cm 2`cm

A B
BPÓ=2`cm QÕAÓ=QBÓ PQ O

Q
10'2
✔ 3'2`cm `cm
3
4'1Œ0 ABQ= APQ=45ù
'1Œ4`cm `cm 4`cm
3 BAQ= BPQ=45ù PQÓ=x`cm
1
ABÓ="Ã4Û`+2Û`=2'5 (cm) QAÓ=QBÓ='1Œ0 (cm) 9= ´4´x´sin`45ù+;2!;´2´x´sin`45ù
2
1
APBQ= PAB+ QAB= ´4´2+;2!;´'1Œ0´'1Œ0=9 (cmÛ`) x=3'2`(cm)
2

265 A B C A 20�km
C
ABC
A BCÓ
BAC=120ù 15�km
D
ABÓ=15`km ACÓ=20`km B D A
C BC 3 4 D B

A D
60 B C
`km D
7
BDÓ CDÓ=3 4=ABÓ ACÓ ADÓ BAC BAD= CAD=60ù
ABÓ ACÓ=BDÓ CDÓ
60
;2!;´15´20´sin`120ù=;2!;´15´ADÓ´sin`60ù+;2!;´20´ADÓ´sin`60ù ADÓ= `(km)
7

266 A=60ù ABC A

AB AC APQ 60
6
4
1 P
ABC P Q Q
2 x>0 y>0
PQÓ 2'3 B C x+y¾2'§xy
x=y
APÓ=x AQÓ=y ;2!;´x´y´sin`60ù=;2!;´;2!;´4´6´sin`60ù xy=12
PQÓ Û`=xÛ`+yÛ`-2xy`cos`60ù=xÛ`+yÛ`-12
xÛ`>0 yÛ`>0 xÛ`+yÛ`-12¾2"ÃxÛ`yÛ`-12=2´12-12=12` x=y
PQÓ¾'1Œ2=2'3
219
 01
1.
3, 6, 9, 12, y

2.

aÁ aª a y aÇ y
a 1 a 2 y aÇ n n
n aÇ
aÁ aª a y {aÇ}

R f` ` R f(1) f(2) f(3)

y f(n) y f(n)=aÇ aÁ aª a y aÇ y

2 4 7 11 16 y 2 4 11

3.

1 3 5 7 y

d {aÇ} n aÇ n+1 aÇ*Á

aÇ*Á=aÇ+d aÇ*Á-aÇ=d (n=1 2 3 y)

common di erence d

1 `3 `5 `7 `9 y Û 2
+2 +2 +2 +2 2

1 3 5 7 9 y 1 2

222
 1~6

a d aÇ
aÇ=a+(n-1)d (n=1 2 3 y)

a d {aÇ}
aÁ=a
aª=aÁ+d=a+d aÁ=a+0_d

a =aª+d=(a+d)+d=a+2d aª=a+1_d

a =a +d=(a+2d)+d=a+3d a =a+2_d
a =a+3_d

aÇ
aÇ=a+(n-1)d (n=1 2 3 y) aÇ=a+(n-1)_d

1 2 aÇ
aÇ=1+(n-1)´2=2n-1

aÇ n aÇ=An+B(A B n=1 2 3 y) {aÇ}

A+B A

aÇ*Á-aÇ {aÇ}
aÇ=An+B aÇ*Á=A(n+1)+B aÇ*Á-aÇ={A(n+1)+B}-(An+B)=A`
aÁ=A_1+B=A+B
{aÇ} A+B A

aÇ aÇ=-5n+8 {aÇ} -5+8=3 -5

4. 7

a b c b a c
a+c
b a c b-a=c-b b= 2

a+c
a b c b= a c
2
{aÇ} aÇ aÇ*Á aÇ*ª
2aÇ*Á=aÇ+aÇ*ª (n=1 2 3 y)

x 2x+3 6x x
x+6x
2x+3 x 6x 2x+3= 2(2x+3)=7x x=2
2

223
274 3
n 1 2 3
{3n} 3 6 9 {2`+1} 3 5 9

1 np
[ ] 1 ;3!; ;5!; [cos` ] 0 -1 0
2n-1 2

275 aÇ

1 ;2!; ;3!; ;4!; y aÇ=;n!;

1´3 3´5 5´7 7´9 y aÇ=(2n-1)(2n+1)

log`3 log`9 log`27 log`81 y aÇ=lo `3`

276
6 0 -6 -12 -18

9 15 21 27 33

;4#; ;4!; -;4!; -;4#; -;4%;

;6!; ;3!; ;2!; ;3@; ;6%;

277 aÇ a d
aÇ
2 4 6 8 y aÇ=2n 10 7 4 1 y aÇ=-3n+13 aÇ=a+(n-1)d

1 ;2#; 2 ;2%; y aÇ=;2!;n+;2!; 3 ;3*; ;3&; 2 y aÇ=-;3!;n+:Á3:

224
 01

-11 4 -2
-3 5 -6

a d
a=-11 a =a+3d=-11+3d=-2 d=3
d=-3 a°=a+4d=a+4´(-3)=-6 a=6

`
02
{aÇ} a°=4a , aª+a =6 ,a

{aÇ} a d
a°=4a a+4d=4(a+2d) 3a+4d=0 yy
aª+a =6 (a+d)+(a+3d)=6 2a+4d=6 yy

a=-6 d=;2(;

a =a+6d=-6+6´;2(;=21

KEY
Point a d aÇ
aÇ=a+(n-1)d
d=aÇ -aÇ (n=1 2 3 )

278
2 4 11 3 3 5 -5 -2

aÇ=An+B 279 aÇ
A+B
A aÇ=3n-5 -2 3 aÇ=-7n+9 2 -7

280 {aÇ} a¤+aÁ°=61 a +aÁ¤=70 aÁ 92

225
 `
03
31 85 45 127 {aÇ}

100
175

{aÇ} a d
31 85 a Á=a+30d=85 yy
45 127 a °=a+44d=127 yy
a=-5 d=3
=-5 =3
aÁ =a+99d=-5+99´3=292
175 n -5+(n-1)´3=175 n=61
175 61

04

100 97 94 91 y
-52 -46 -40 -34 y

-3 n n

6 n n

100 -3 n

aÇ=100-3(n-1)=103-3n<0 n>;;;3;;; 34.___

35
-52 6 n
58
aÇ=-52+6(n-1)=6n-58>0 n> =9.___
6
10

281 2 3 7 13 {aÇ} aÇ 199

aÇ=2n-1 100

282 a =70 aÁ =61 {aÇ}

31
226
 05
1 5 9 13 y 100

1 4 n 100
aÇ=1+4(n-1)=4n-3>100

n>;;;4;;;=25.75

100 26

06
18 9

18 9 x y 18 4 9
d 18+3d=9 d=-3
x=18+(-3)=15 y=18+2´(-3)=12
15 12

KEY
Point
n n
a b n
a n+2 b

283 2 a°-a =-4 {aÇ} -50

28

284 -8 xÁ xª y xÇ 30 2 n 18

227
 07
x xÛ`-1 2x+3 x

x xÛ`-1 2x+3 xÛ`-1 x 2x+3

2(xÛ`-1)=x+(2x+3)
2xÛ`-3x-5=0 (2x-5)(x+1)=0

x=;2%; x=-1

08
xÜ`-3xÛ`-6x+k=0 k

ax`+bxÛ`+cx+d=0 a b

a+b+ =-;aB; ab+b + a=;aC; ab =-;aD;

a-d a a+d

xÜ`-3xÛ`-6x+k=0 a-d a a+d

(a-d)+a+(a+d)=3 3a=3 a=1
xÜ`-3xÛ`-6x+k=0 1 f(x)=xÜ`-3xÛ`-6x+k
f(1)=1-3-6+k=0 k=8

KEY
Point a b c
a+c
b= 2b=a+c
2
a-d a a+d

f(x) x-a
f(a)

285 `f(x)=xÛ`+ax+2 x+1, x-1, x-2

, a 3

286 15 83
3 5 7

228
1.

1 1 1 1
aÁ aª a y aÇ y y y
aÁ aª a aÇ
aÁ aª a y aÇ y

1 1 1 1
= +(n-1)d aÇ {d= - }
aÇ a aª aÁ

;2!; ;5@; ;3!; ;7@; y aÇ y

5 1 1
2 3 ;2&; y y [ ] 2 ;2!;
2 aÇ aÇ

1 1 n+3
=2+(n-1)´;2!;=
aÇ aÇ 2
2
aÇ aÇ=
n+3

a b c b a c
2ac
b a c b=
a+c

a b c ;a; ;b; ;c; ;b;=;a;+;c;

2ac
b=
a+c

KEY
Point
Û

229
 1
aÇ

12 6 4 3 y ;3!; 1 -1 -;3!; y

1 1 1 1
y
6 12 4 3
1 1 1 1 1
[ ] ;6!;- =
aÇ 12 12 12 aÇ
1 1 1 n
= + (n-1)=
aÇ 12 12 12
12
aÇ aÇ=
n
3 1 -1 -3 y
1 1
[ ] 3 1-3=-2
aÇ aÇ
1
=3-2(n-1)=-2n+5
aÇ
1
aÇ aÇ=
-2n+5

2
x+3 4 x x

1 1 1
x+3 4 x
x+3 4 x
1 1 1
4 x+3 x
1 1 1
2´ = +
4 x+3 x
2x(x+3)
x(x+3)=2x+2(x+3)
xÛ`-x-6=0 (x-3)(x+2)=0
x=3 x>0)

287 {aÇ} aÁ

10
6 3 2 ;2#; y ;5#; 5 ;2%; 2 y ;1!1;
3

1 1 1 1 1
288 15
x y
5
+ +
x y
30

230
1 1 1 1 1
15 ; ; 5
x y y x
15 5
02
1. 9~13
n SÇ

n(a+l)
a n l SÇ= Û l=a+(n-1)d
2
n{2a+(n-1)d}
a d SÇ=
2

a d n l n SÇ
SÇ=a+(a+d)+(a+2d)+y+(l-d)+l yy

SÇ=l+(l-d)+(l-2d)+y+(a+d)+a yy
a l
2SÇ=(a+l)+(a+l)+(a+l)+y+(a+l)+(a+l) a+d l-d
n a+2d l-2d

…
=n(a+l) n
l-2d a+2d
n(a+l)
SÇ= yy l-d a+d
2
l a
l l=a+(n-1)d
a+l
n{2a+(n-1)d}
SÇ=
2

3 7 15 7 S¦
7(3+15)
S= =63
2
-2 3 10 SÁ
10{2´(-2)+(10-1)´3}
SÁ = =115
2

2. SÇ aÇ 14, 15

{aÇ} n SÇ
a =S aÇ=SÇ-SÇ (n¾2)

{aÇ} n SÇ
SÁ=aÁ
Sª=aÁ+aª=SÁ+aª
S =aÁ+aª+a =Sª+a

SÇ=aÁ+aª+a +y+aÇÐÁ+aÇ=SÇÐÁ+aÇ
aÁ=SÁ aÇ=SÇ-SÇÐÁ (n¾2)

231
 aÇ=An+B(A B n n
A
SÇ=AnÛ`+Bn(A B n 0
=2A
SÇ SÇ=AnÛ`+Bn
SÇ=AnÛ`+Bn+C(A B C {aÇ}
C=0
   [
C+0 2

{aÇ} n SÇ SÇ=AnÛ`+Bn (A B

n aÇ
n¾2 aÇ‌
=
‌ SÇ-SÇ Á=(AnÛ`+Bn)-{A(n-1)Û`+B(n-1)}
=2An-A+B yy
n=1 aÁ=SÁ=A+B yy
n=1 aÁ=2A-A+B=A+B
{aÇ} aÇ=2An-A+B A+B 2A

SÇ aÇ

{aÇ} n SÇ SÇ=AnÛ`+Bn(A, B )
aÇ=2An-A+B
a =S =A+B 2A

{aÇ} SÇ SÇ=2nÛ`+3n aÇ
[ 1 aÇ=SÇ-SÇ Á
aÇ=(2nÛ`+3n)-{2(n-1)Û`+3(n-1)}=4n+1 (n¾2)
aÁ=SÁ=5
aÇ=4n+1 (n¾1)
[ 2 SÇ=2nÛ`+3n aÇ=2´2n+3-2=4n+1

232
289
2 18 20 200 n SÇ
a l
-2 15 8 52 n(a+l)
SÇ=
2
1 2 10 100 a d

-3 -5 15 -570 n{2a+(n-1)d}
SÇ=
2

;2!; -;2#; 11 -77

-10 2 20 80

290
1+2+3+4+y+10 55

1+3+5+7+y+23 144

(-12)+(-9)+(-6)+(-3)+y+15 15

15+11+7+3+y+(-41) -195

;2!;+1+;2#;+2+y+10 105

{-;3!;}+{-;3@;}+(-1)+{-;3$;}+y+(-5) -40

233
 09

7 2 {aÇ} k 33 k

3 7 10 21 10

7 2 aÇ aÇ=7+2(n-1)=2n+5
aû=33 2k+5=33 2k=28 k=14
14(7+33)
14 SÁ SÁ = =280
2
a d
3 7 a =a+2d=7 yy
10 21 aÁ =a+9d=21 yy
a=3 d=2
10(3+21)
10 SÁ SÁ = =120
2

10
-10 4 n aÁ aª y aÇ -10 aÁ aª y aÇ 4
-24 n d

-10 4 n+2 -24 -10, aÁ, aª, y, aÇ, 4

(n+2)(-10+4) n
=-24
2 (n+2)
-3(n+2)=-24 n=6
4 8 -10+(8-1)d=4 d=2
n=6, d=2

KEY
Point n SÇ
n(a+l)
a l SÇ= Û l=a+(n-1)d
2
n{2a+(n-1)d}
a d SÇ=
2

291 50 n -10 n 220 10

-4

292 -5 15 n xÁ xª y xÇ -5 xÁ xª y xÇ 15
100 n d n=18 d=;1@ ;

234
 11
13 52 20 -60
30

a d
13(2a+12d)
SÁ = =52 a+6d=4 yy
2
20(2a+19d)
Sª = =-60 2a+19d=-6 yy
2
a=16 d=-2
30{2´16+29´(-2)}
S = =-390
2

12
7 3 5
,

d S =S°
3(2´7+2d) 5(2´7+4d)
= d=-2
2 2
n aÇ=7-2(n-1)<0 n>;2(;=4.5

5
5 4
4{2´7+3´(-2)}
S= =16 4 16
2

n SÇ
n{2´7+(n-1)´(-2)}
SÇ= =-nÛ`+8n=-(n-4)Û`+16
2
n=4 SÇ 16

KEY
Point >0 <0
<0 >0

293 {aÇ} 8 104 9 16 360

17 24 616

294 -29 4
8 -120

235
 13
20 100 3 5

3 S(3) 5 S(5) 15 S(15) 3 5 S

S=S(3)+S(5)-S(15) Û n(A B)=n(A)+n(B)-n(A B)

Ú3 S(3)
S(3)=21+24+y+99
21 3 99 99 n
99=21+3 n-1) n=27
27(21+99)
S(3)= =1620
2
Û5 S(5)
S(5)=20+25+y+95
20 5 95 95 n
95=20+5(n-1) n=16
16(20+95)
S(5)= =920
2
Ü3 5 15 S(15)
S(15)=30+45+y+90
30 15 90 90 n
90=30+15(n-1) n=5
5(30+90)
S(15)= =300
2
3 5 S
S=S(3)+S(5)-S(15)
=1620+920-300=2240

KEY
Point (3 5 )=(3 )+(5 )-(15 )

295 100 200 5 2

2990

296 1 100 2 3 3417

236
 `
14
n SÇ SÇ=nÛ`+n {aÇ} aÁ d

SÇ=AnÛ`+Bn+C C=0 =0 {aÇ}

aÇ=SÇ-SÇ Á=(nÛ`+n)-{(n-1)Û`+(n-1)}=2n (n¾2)

aÁ=SÁ=1Û`+1=2
aÁ=2 aÇ=2n n=1
aÇ=2n (n¾1)
aÁ =2´10=20 2 4 6 y d=2
a =20 d=2

SÇ=AnÛ`+Bn aÇ=2An-A+B d=2A

SÇ=nÛ`+n aÇ=2n d=2

`
15
{aÇ} n SÇ SÇ=nÛ`+3n-1 aÇ

SÇ=AnÛ`+Bn+C C+0 +0 {aÇ} 2

a =S aÇ=SÇ-SÇ (n=2 3 4 )

aÇ=SÇ-SÇ Á=(nÛ`+3n-1)-{(n-1)Û`+3(n-1)-1}=2n+2 (n¾2)

aÁ=SÁ=1+3-1=3
aÁ=3 aÇ=2n+2 n=1
a =3 aÇ=2n+2 (n¾2)

KEY
Point SÇ aÇ
a =S aÇ=SÇ-SÇ (n¾2)
SÇ=AnÛ`+Bn+C(A B C
C=0 {aÇ}
[
C+0 {aÇ} 2

aÁ =SÁ -S

297 {aÇ} n SÇ SÇ=2nÛ`-3n aÁ 35

298 {aÇ} n SÇ SÇ=nÛ`-2n+3 aÁ+aÁ

19

237
 16
y=x y=2x y y=2x y=x
y 10
1 y
10 10

O x

x n f(n)
f(n)=2n-n=n
10 1 1

10(1+10)
=55
2

한 걸음 더

17
1 {aÇ} {bÇ} 3 -1 {2aÇ+bÇ}
10

{aÇ} {bÇ} d d {aÇ+bÇ} d +d

{2aÇ+bÇ} 2aÁ+bÁ=2´1+1=3 d=2´3+(-1)=5

10{2´3+(10-1)´5}
SÁ = =255
2

299 x F F' y P(0 n) y

P
PF'F FPF'=90ù
n PF'F
x y aÇ F' O F x

{aÇ} 5 60

300 {aÇ} 2
aÁ+aª aª+a a +a a +a° y
4
{aÇ}
d
{3aÇ*Á-aÇ}
301 2 {aÇ} {3aÇ*Á-aÇ} 6
3d-d=2d aû>100 k 34

238
STEP 1
267 {aÇ} 9 a°-aª=a aÁ
-18
{aÇ} d
a°-aª=a 3d=9+6d d=-3
aÁ =9+9d=9+9´(-3)=-18

268 2 6 3 -2 |aª|=|a¤|
-6 2
aª+a¤=0
a d (a+d)+(a+5d)=0 a+3d=0
3 -2 a+2d=-2
a=-6 d=2

269 aª=-37 a°-aª=9 {aÇ}

15
a d aª=a+d=-37 a°-aª=(a+4d)-(a+d)=3d=9
a=-40 d=3
n aÇ=-40+3(n-1)=3n-43>0 n>:3:=14.___

270 0 a b c -c 2b 4a
a+b ;;Á4Á;;
c
a b c -c+4a
2b= a=;2#;c b=;4%;c
a+c 2
b=
2 ;2#;c+;4%;c :4:c
-c 2b 4a a+b
= = =;;4;;
c c c
271
a-d a a+d
54 36
a-d a a+d (a+d)Û`=(a-d)Û`+aÛ` a=4d ( a+0)
1
S S= ´3d´4d=54 d=3 d>0)
2
3d+4d+5d=12d=36

272
50 , 52 , 54
, y 2 30

2350 ✔ 2370 2390 2410 2430

50 2 30
30{2´50+(30-1)´2}
=2370
2

273 n nÛ`+kn+1, 2nÛ`-3n-1 aÁ =SÁ -S

10 , k 16
SÇ=nÛ`+kn+1 Ç=2nÛ`-3n-1
SÁ -S = Á -
(10Û`+10k+1)-(9Û`+9k+1)=(2´10Û`-3´10-1)-(2´9Û`-3´9-1)
k=16

239
STEP 2
274 {aÇ} aªÛ`=aÁ a +5
aª 96
a d (a+d)Û`=a(a+6d)+5 d(d-4a)=5
Ú d=1 d-4a=5 a=-1 a
Û d=5 d-4a=1 a=1 aª =1+19´5=96

275 1 aÁ aª a y aÇ 2 d
aÁ+aª+a +y+aÇ=27 n+19d 19
1+aÁ+aª+a +y+aÇ+2=30 n=18
1
2 n+2 1+19d=2 d=
19
1
n+19d=18+19´ =19
19

276 {aÇ} aÁ+aª+a +y+aÁ =10 aÁÁ+aÁª+aÁ +y+aª

=Sª -SÁ
aÁÁ+aÁª+aÁ +y+aª =50 1 (aªÁ+aªª+aª +y+a
10
22
a d aªÁ+aªª+aª +y+a =S -Sª
aÁ+aª+a +y+aÁ =10 2a+9d=2 =280-60=220
aÁÁ+aÁª+aÁ +y+aª =50 2a+19d=6
=;1 ;_220=22
a=-;5$; d=;5@;

277 3 17 2 7 4 1 {aÇ}
8
a d a =a+2d=17 aª a =4 1 3a+23d=0 a=23 d=-3
n aÇ=23-3(n-1)=-3n+26<0
26
n> =8.___
3

278 4
22(12+96)
7 1748 4 7 28
4 12+16+20+y+96= =1188
2
13(14+98)
7 14+21+28+y+98= =728
2
28 28+56+84=168 1188+728-168=1748
1
279 f(x)=- xÛ`+3x
2
{aÇ} n

SÇ SÇ=2f(n) a¤

-9 -7 ✔ -5 -3 -1
1 1
f(n)=- nÛ`+3n SÇ=2{- nÛ`+3n}=-nÛ`+6n
2 2
a¤=S¤-S°=(-6Û`+6´6)-(-5Û`+6´5)=-5

280 {aÇ} {bÇ} 2 -3 {aÇ} {bÇ}

dÁ dª
{3aÇ+4bÇ} -6
{kaÇ+lbÇ}
{aÇ} {bÇ} a
3aÇ+4bÇ‌‌=3(2n+a-2)+4(-3n+a+3)=-6n+7a+6=7a+(n-1)´(-6) kdÁ+ldª
{3aÇ+4bÇ} -6

240
281 a b 2
a b c
a b 2
1 c d
b c 6 a+c
b=
2
a+b-(d+f) -15 e 6 f
a b 2 2 d f 2b=a+2 2d=2+f 2(b-d)=a-f
b c 6 1 c d 2c=b+6 2c=1+d b-d=-5
a+b-(d+f)=(a-f)+(b-d)=3(b-d)=-15

282 a -4 {aÇ} n a>0 b>0

a+b¾2'aŒb
SÇ n SÇ<200 a
a=b
37 200 200
2n+ ¾2¾2n¨´ =2´20=40
SÇ=-2nÛ`+(a+2)n<200 n n
200 n
2n+ >a+2 yy
n a+2<40 a<38
n>0

283
n(a+l)
n aÁ aª a y aÇ SÇ=
2
n 13

4 26
4 134
aÁ+aª+a +y+aÇ=260

aÁ+aª+a +a =26 aÇУ+aÇЪ+aÇÐÁ+aÇ=134

aÁ+aª+a +a +aÇУ+aÇЪ+aÇÐÁ+aÇ=160 aÁ+aÇ=40
n(aÁ+aÇ)
aÁ+aª+y+aÇ= =260 n=13
2

284 {aÇ} n SÇ SÇ=nÛ`-20n

|aÁ|+|aª|+|a |+y+|aÁ°| 125
aÇ=SÇ-SÇÐÁ=2n-21
|aÁ|+|aª|+|a |+y+|aÁ°|=-(aÁ+aª+y+aÁ )+(aÁÁ+aÁª+y+aÁ°)=SÁ°-2SÁ
=(15Û`-20´15)-2(10Û`-20´10)=125

285 C=120ù ABC a b

C
30 ABC 15'3
S
a-d a a+d`(d>0) (a-d)+a+(a+d)=3a=30 a=10
10Û`+(10-d)Û`-(10+d)Û` 1 S=;2!;ab`sin`C
cos`120ù= d=4 ABC= ´10(10-4)sin`120ù=15'3
2´10(10-d) 2

286 aÁ -a =6 {aÇ} {kÇ}

aÁ+aª+a a +a°+a¤ a +a +a y
kÁ -k

52 53 ✔ 54 55 56
{aÇ} a d
{kÇ} 3a+3d 9d kÇ=3a+(9n-6)d
aÁ -a =6 (a+9d)-(a+7d)=6 d=3
kÁ -k =(3a+84d)-(3a+66d)=18d=18´3=54

241
 03
1. 18

1 2 4 8 y

r {aÇ} n aÇ n+1 aÇ*Á

aÇ*Á
aÇ*Á=raÇ =r (n=1 2 3 y)
aÇ

common ratio r
+0 +0

1 2 4 8 y Û 2
_2 _2 _2 2

1 2 4 8 y 1 2

16 -8 4 -2 y 16 -;2!;

2. 19~22

a r (r+0) aÇ
aÇ=ar` ` (n=1 2 3 y)

a r (r+0) {aÇ}
aÁ=a
aÁ=ar`
aª=aÁr=ar
aª=ar`
a =aªr=(ar)r=arÛ`
a =arÛ`
a =a r=(arÛ`)r=arÜ`
a =arÜ`

aÇ
aÇ=ar` `
aÇ=ar` ` (n=1, 2, 3, y)

3 -2 aÇ
aÇ=3´(-2)` `
5
a°=3´(-2)` `=3´(-2)`=48

242
3. 23~24

0 a b c b a c
b c
b a c =
a b
bÛ`=ac

a>0 c>0 a c b='¶ac a c

{aÇ} aÇ aÇ*Á aÇ*ª
aÇ*ÁÛ`=aÇ‌aÇ*ª (n=1 2 3 y)

2 x 18 x
x 2 18
xÛ`=2_18=36 x=Ñ6

x=6 2 6 18 3
x=-6 2 -6 18 -3

a b A
a+b
A= ='¶ab
2
A a b

A¾ a+b ¾'¶ab ` a=b

2

243
302
1 -2 4 -8 16

1 ;4!; ;8!;
1 1
2 16 32
2 -6 18 -54
'2 '2
'2 -1 -;2!;
4
2
'2-1 1 '2+1 3+2'2

303 aÇ a r
aÇ
1 2 4 8 y aÇ=2` ` aÇ=ar` `
4 -4 4 -4 y aÇ=4´(-1)` `

1 aÇ=3´{-;3!;}` `
3 -1 -;9!; y
3
27 aÇ=-2´{-;2#;}` `
-2 3 -;2(; y
4
2 2'3 6 6'3 y aÇ=2´ '3)` `

304 {aÇ} n 1

aÇ=2´3` ` 2 3 aª
r =r
aÁ
aÇ={;2!;}` ` 1 ;2!;

aÇ=(-2)` -2 -2

aÇ=3´{;2!;}Û`` ;4#; ;4!;

aÇ=4` Û`` ;4!; ;1Á6;

244
 18

n 3´2` Û`` {aÇ}

-2 6 -160

aÇ=3´2` Û``

aÁ=3´2` Û`=;2#; aª=3´2` `=3´2 Ü`=;8#;

;8#;
aª
= = =;4!;
aÁ
;2#;

=;2#; =;4!;
-160
aÁ aÁ´(-2)`=-160 aÁ= =5
(-2)`

3
aÇ=3´2 ` Û` `` ` `=3´2 `´(2 Û`)` `= ´{;4!;}` `
2

19
aÁ+aª=60 a +a =240 {aÇ}

r aÁ+aª=60 aÁ+aÁr=60 yy
a +a =240 aÁrÛ`+aÁrÜ`=240 rÛ`(aÁ+aÁr)=240 yy
rÛ`=4 r=Ñ2
Ú r=2 aÁ+2aÁ=60 aÁ=20
Û r=-2 aÁ-2aÁ=60 aÁ=-60
=20 =2 =-60 =-2

KEY
Point a r aÇ
aÇ=ar` `
aÇ
r= (n=1 2 3 )
aÇ

305 n 2Û` ` {aÇ} 2 ;2!;

306 4 -8 7 64 {aÇ} n 5 aÇ=(-2)` ` a =16

307 {aÇ} aÁ-a =56 aÁ+aª+a =14 a° 162

245
 20
2 -12 4 -108 {aÇ}

-972

a r
2 -12 ar=-12 yy
4 -108 arÜ`=-108 yy
rÛ`=9
r=-3 r<0)
-3a=-12 a=4
=4 =-3
-972 n
4´(-3)` `=-972 (-3)` `=-243=(-3)`
n-1=5 n=6
-972 6

21
2 4 8 y 500

2 2 aÇ
aÇ=2´2` `=2``
aÇ 500
2` >500
2`=256 2`=512
n¾9
500 9

KEY
Point a r x
ar` `>x n

308 1 -4 16 -64 y -1024 6

309 2 6 3 {aÇ} 10000

log`2=0.30 log`3=0.48) 9

246
 22
2 aÁ aª a y aÁ 20 aÁaÁ

r 2 20 12
20=2r`Û` `=2r`` r``=10
aÁ aÁ 2 11
aÁ=2r aÁ =2r``
aÁaÁ =(2r)´(2r``)=4r``=4´10=40

23
x-1
x+2 x-4 x
3

x-1 x-1
x+2 x-4 x-4 x+2
3 3
x-1
(x-4)Û`=(x+2)´
3
2xÛ`-25x+50=0 (2x-5)(x-10)=0

x=;2%; x=10

KEY
Point a b n
a b n+2
b=ar` ` r
0 a b c
bÛ`=ac Û b a c

aª 3
a 5

310 3 aÁ aª a a 729 aª+a 270

311 f(x)=xÛ`+2x+a x+1 x-1 x-2

f(x) x+2 17

247
 24
a b c 4 a b b c 64 a
b c a+b+c

a b c 2b=a+c bÛ`=ac

4 a b b c 64
aÛ`=4b yy cÛ`=64b yy
a b c
2b=a+c yy
cÛ`=16aÛ` c=4a a c

b=;2%;a

aÛ`=4´;2%;a aÛ`-10a=0 a(a-10)=0 a=0 a=10

a a=10 b=25 c=40

a+b+c=75

25
xÜ`-6xÛ`-24x+k=0 k

a ar arÛ`
ax`+bxÛ`+cx+d=0 a b

a+b+ =-;aB; ab+b + a=;aC;, ab =-;aD;

a `ar `arÛ`
a+ar+arÛ`=6
a(1+r+rÛ`)=6 yy
a´ar+ar´arÛ`+a´arÛ`=-24
aÛ`r(1+r+rÛ`)=-24 yy
a´ar´arÛ`=-k
(ar)Ü`=-k yy
ar=-4
k=-(ar)Ü`=-(-4)Ü`=64

312 2 a b a b 30
b-a a>0 b>0) 12

3
313 2
-1
2 -1 ;2!;

314 y=xÜ`-2xÛ`+x y=k x

k ;8!;

248
 26
2
SÁ SÁ 1
1
Sª Sª
2
9 S
SÁ

'3
a S S= aÛ`
4

3
4
'3
2 ´2Û`='3
4
SÁ '3´;4#;

Sª '3´{;4#;}Û`

S '3´{;4#;}Ü``

SÇ '3 ´{;4#;}`

SÁ "3 {;4#;}```

KEY
Point

315 4 ABCD A DÁ D

ABCD D C

AÁBÁCÁDÁ AÁBÁCÁDÁ AÁ CÁ
AªBªCªDª
A B
AÁ BÁ CÁ DÁ ;2!;
B BÁ C

249
 04
1. 27~30

a r (r+0) n SÇ
a(1-r`) a(r`-1)
r+1 SÇ= =
1-r r-1
r=1 SÇ=na

a(r`-1) a(1-r`)
r>1 SÇ= ,‌r<1 SÇ=
r-1 1-r
n

a r`(r+0) {aÇ} n SÇ
SÇ=a+ar+arÛ`+y+ar` Û`+ar` ` ` yy
r
rSÇ=ar+arÛ`+arÜ`+y+ar` `+ar` yy

SÇ=a+ar+arÛ`+y+ar` Û`+ar` `
- rSÇ= ar+arÛ`+y+ar` Û`+ar` `+ar`
(1-r)SÇ=a -ar`
(1-r)SÇ=a(1-r`)
a(1-r`) a(r`-1)
` r+1 SÇ= =
1-r r-1
`
n
r=1 SÇ=na Û SÇ=a+a+a+y+a

3 2 5 S°
3(2`-1)
S°= =3(2`-1)=93
2-1
3 -6 12 y n SÇ a=3 r=-2
3{1-(-2)`}
SÇ= =1-(-2)`
1-(-2)

2. SÇ aÇ 31

{aÇ} n SÇ
a =S , aÇ=SÇ-SÇ (n¾2)

250
 aÇ=ar` ` aÇ=Ar` (A r r
SÇ=Ar`-A (A r r
SÇ SÇ=Ar`-A
SÇ=Ar`+B (A r B {aÇ}
A+B=0
[
A+B+0 2

SÇ=Ar`+B
n=1 aÁ=SÁ=Ar+B
n¾2 aÇ=SÇ-SÇÐÁ=(Ar`+B)-(Ar` `+B)=A(r-1)r` `
aª a a y r a =Ar(r-1)
Ar+B (n=1)
aÇ=[
A(r-1)r` ` (n¾2)
Ar+B=A(r-1)
A+B=0

SÇ=3` Û`+k k
SÇ=3Û`´3`+k 3Û`+k=0 k=-9

SÇ aÇ

{aÇ} n SÇ SÇ=Ar`-A`(r+0 r+1 A r

aÇ=A(r-1) r` ` a =S =A(r-1) r

{aÇ} SÇ SÇ=3`-1 aÇ
[ 1 aÇ=SÇ-SÇ Á
aÇ=(3`-1)-(3` `-1)=3`-3` `=3` `(3-1)=2´3` ` (n¾2)
aÁ=SÁ=3-1=2
aÇ=2´3` ` (n¾1)
[ 2 SÇ=3` -1 aÇ=1´(3-1)´3` `=2´3` `

251
316 5

2 3 242 n SÇ
'2 '2 6+7'2 r+1
a(r`-1)
1 -3 61 SÇ=
r-1
r=1
;2!; -2 :Á2Á:
SÇ=na

-2 ;2!; -:8Á:

317 n
3`-1
1 3 9 27 y 2
2 2 2 2 y 2n

1-(-1)`
;2!!; -;2!!; ;2!!; -;2!!; y 4
1-(-2)`
1 -2 4 -8 y 3
0.1 0.01 0.001 y ; !;[1-{;1Á0;}` ]

318 a=1 r=2 n=9

a=;2!; r=;2!; n=10 n n
1+2+4+8+y+256 511
a=;3@; r=-;3!; n=5
;2!;+{;2!;}Û`+{;2!;}Ü`+y+{;2!;}`` ;1!02@4#; a=5 r=2 n=6

a=2 r=3 n=5

2 2 2
;3@;-;9@;+ - + ;2!4@3@;
27 81 243
5+10+20+y+160 315

logª`4+logª`4Ü`+logª`4`+logª`4Û``+logª`4`` 242

252
 27
1 1
aª= a¤= 5
2 32

a r
1 1
ar= yy ar`= yy
2 32
1 1
r`= r= r>0)
16 2
1 1 1
r= a= a=1
2 2 2
1´[1-{;2!;}`]
31
S°= =
16
1-;2!;

28
1 x+1 (x+1)Û` y n
x+-1)

+1 =1

SÇ=1+(x+1)+(x+1)Û`+y+(x+1)` `
r=x+1
1´{(x+1)`-1} (x+1)`-1
Ú x+1+1 x+0 SÇ= =
(x+1)-1 x
Û x+1=1 x=0 SÇ=1+1+1+y+1=n
n

KEY
Point a r n SÇ
a(1-r`) a(r`-1)
r+1 SÇ= = r=1 SÇ=na
1-r r-1

319
1-3``
2 4 -54 10 2

320 3 -10 4 20
-1

321 x x(x+1)Û` x(x+1)` y n

(x+1)Û` `-1
x+2
x>0)

253
 29
5 1 10 3
15

a r
a(1-r`) a(1-r``)
S°= =1 yy SÁ = =3 yy
`1-r `1-r
a(1-r`)(1+r`)
=3
`1-r
1+r`=3 r`=2
a(1-r``) a(1-r`)(1+r`+r``) a(1-r`)
SÁ°= = =1´(1+r`+r``) Û =1
`1-r `1-r 1-r
=1+2+2Û`=7

{aÇ} 5
S°=aÁ+aª+a +a +a°=a+ar+arÛ`+arÜ`+ar`
SÁ -S°=a¤+a +a +a +aÁ
=ar`+ar`+ar`+ar`+ar`=r` (a+ar+arÛ`+arÜ`+ar`)=r`S°
SÁ°-SÁ =aÁÁ+aÁª+aÁ +aÁ +aÁ°
=ar``+ar``+ar`Û`+ar`Ü`+ar``=r`` (a+ar+arÛ`+arÜ`+ar`)=r``S°
S°=1 SÁ =3
SÁ -S°=r`S° r`=2
SÁ°-SÁ =r``S° SÁ°=SÁ +r``S°=3+2Û`´1=7

KEY
Point a r n SÇ
a(1-r`) a(r`-1)
r+1 SÇ= = r=1 SÇ=na
1-r r-1

322 6 4 12 12
18 28

SÁ Sª -SÁ S -Sª 323 10 2 21 30 8

11 20 4

254
 30
1 ;2!; ;4!; ;8!; y n SÇ

SÇ>1.999 n

1 1
<k 2`> k n
2`

1 ;2!;

1´[1-{;2!;}` ] 1
SÇ= =2[1-{;2!;} ` ]=2-
2` `
1-;2!;

1 1 1
2- >1.999 < 2` `>1000
2` ` 2` ` 1000
2`=512 2``=1024 n-1¾10 n¾11
n 11

31
{aÇ} n SÇ SÇ=5`-1 {aÇ}
aÇ

aÇ=SÇ-SÇÐÁ=(5`-1)-(5` `-1)=4´5` ``(n¾2)

aÁ=SÁ=5-1=4
aÁ=4 aÇ=4´5` ` n=1
aÇ=4 5` `

KEY
Point {aÇ} n SÇ SÇ=Ar`+B (r+0 r+1 A B )
A+B=0 {aÇ}
A+B+0 {aÇ} 2

324 2 4 5 32 {aÇ}
1000 9

325 {aÇ} n SÇ log `(SÇ+3)=n+1

aÇ aÇ=2´3`

326 {aÇ} n SÇ SÇ=2´3`+k {aÇ}

k -2

255
 05
1.

a r n S

S=a(1+rn) Û ar

S=a(1+r)` Û 1+r

a r 1 2 y n

1 a+ar=a(1+r) a+ar=a(1+r)
a(1+r)+a(1+r)r=a(1+r)(1+r)
2 a+ar+ar=a(1+2r)
=a(1+r)Û`
a(1+r)Û`+a(1+r)Û`r=a(1+r)Û`(1+r)
3 a+ar+ar+ar=a(1+3r)
=a(1+r)Ü`

n a+ar+y+ar=a(1+nr) a(1+r)(1+r)y(1+r)=a(1+r)`

10 5 1 10
1.05``=1.63)
Ú 10(1+10_0.05)=10_1.5=15
Û 10(1+0.05)``=10_1.63=16.3

256
2. 32

a r n n SÇ
SÇ=a(1+r)+a(1+r)Û`+ +a(1+r)` Û a(1+r) 1+r

a(1+r){(1+r)`-1}
=
(1+r)-1
a(1+r){(1+r)`-1}
=
r
a r n n SÇ
SÇ=a+a(1+r)+a(1+r)Û`+ +a(1+r)` ` Û a 1+r
a{(1+r)`-1}
=
(1+r)-1
a{(1+r)`-1}
=
r

r 1 a n n

1 2 3 y (n-2) (n-1) n

a a(1+r) a(1+r)Û a(1+r)Ü` y a(1+r)n-Û a(1+r)n-` a(1+r)n

1 n
a a(1+r) a(1+r)Û y a(1+r)n-Ü a(1+r)n-Û a(1+r)n-`
2 (n-1)
a a(1+r) y a(1+r)n-Ý` a(1+r)n-Ü` a(1+r)n-Û`
3 (n-2)
y

a a(1+r) a(1+r)Û`
(n-1) 2
a a(1+r)`
n 1

SÇ
SÇ=a(1+r)+a(1+r)Û`+a(1+r)Ü`+y+a(1+r)``
a(1+r) 1+r n
a(1+r){(1+r)`-1}
SÇ=
(1+r)-1
a(1+r){(1+r)`-1}
=
r

257
 r 1 a n n

1 2 3 y (n-2) (n-1)

a a(1+r) a(1+r)Û a(1+r)Ü` y a(1+r)n-Û a(1+r)n-`

1 (n-1)
a a(1+r) a(1+r)Û y a(1+r)n-Ü a(1+r)n-Û`
2 (n-2)
a a(1+r) y a(1+r)n-Ý` a(1+r)n-Ü`
3 (n-3)

y
y

y
a a(1+r)`
(n-1) 1
a
n

SÇ
SÇ=a+a(1+r)+a(1+r)Û`+y+a(1+r)` `
a 1+r n
a{(1+r)`-1}
SÇ=
(1+r)-1
a{(1+r)`-1}
=
r

5 10 5 5
1.05`=1.3)
10
1 2 3 4

1 10 10(1+0.05)�4

2 10 10(1+0.05)3

3 10 10(1+0.05)2

4 10 10(1+0.05)

5 10 10

S
S=10+10(1+0.05)+10(1+0.05)Û`+10(1+0.05)Ü`+10(1+0.05)`
10 1+0.05 5
10{(1+0.05)`-1} 10(1.3-1)
S= = =60
(1+0.05)-1 0.05

258
 32
6 20000 10 10
1.06``=1.8

10 20000

S
S=2(1+0.06)+2(1+0.06)Û`+y+2(1+0.06)`+2(1+0.06)``
2(1+0.06) 1+0.06 10
2(1+0.06){(1+0.06)``-1}
S=
(1+0.06)-1
2_1.06_(1.8-1)
=
0.06
=28.___
28

20000 10
2+2(1+0.06)+2(1+0.06)Û`+y+2(1+0.06)`

KEY
Point S a r n
a(1+r){(1+r)`-1} a{(1+r)`-1}
S= S=
r r
( ) a(1+r) , ( ) a

327 5 10000 10 10
1.05``=1.6) 12 6000

328 12 10 10 10
1.12``=3.1) 175

329 6 10 10
100 7 1000

1.06``=1.8 1

259
 1.

S n a
(S n )=(a n )

1
140
10 2 1
1.02``=1.22

a 140 10 a
10

140 10
140_(1+0.02)``=140_1.02``=140_1.22=170.8 yy`
a

a 10
a+a(1+0.02)+a(1+0.02)Û`+y+a(1+0.02)`
a(1.02`-1) a(1.22-1)
= = =11a
1.02-1 0.02
170.8
170.8=11a a= =15.___
11
15

330 1000 7 1
20
1.07Û``=3.87 94

260
2.

a n S
(S n )=(a n )

2
300 10 6 1

1.06``=1.79

S S 10 300
10

S S 10
S(1+0.06)``=S_1.06``=1.79S yy`
300 10

300 10
300+300(1+0.06)+300(1+0.06)Û`+y+300(1+0.06)`
300{(1+0.06)`-1} 300(1.79-1)
= = =3950
(1+0.06)-1 0.06

3950
1.79S=3950 S= =2206.___
1.79
2206

331 2
1
20 1625

1.05Û``=2.6 5 1

261
STEP 1
aa
287 {aÇ} a°=8aª
aªa¤
;2!;
aa arÛ`´arÜ` 1
a r a°=8aª arÝ`=8ar rÜ`=8 r=2 = =;r;=
aªa¤ ar´ar` 2

288 10 6 15 192 9 16
765 16-9+1=8
a r aÁ =ar`=6 aÁ°=ar``=192 r=2 a =3
3(2`-1)
{aÇ} 9 16 =765
2-1
25
289 1 ;2%;
4
y 1000
5 ` `
log`2=0.3010) 9 n 1000 {
2
} >1000

5 ` ` 3
log`{ } >log`1000 (n-1)(1-2`log`2)>3 n> +1=8.___
2 1-2`log`2

290 1 aÁ aª a 100 4`log`aª

4
r 1 5 100 1´r`=100 rÛ`=10
aª=1´rÛ`=10 4`log`aª=4`log`10=4
p
291 x>0 f(x)=
x
(p>1) y p
f(x)=-
x
a b c

f(a) f '3` f(a+2) bÛ`=ac

a

✔ 1 ;8(; ;4%; O x

11
;2#;
8
p Û p p
{ f('3)}Û`= f(a) f(a+2) { }`= _ a=1 ( a>0)
'3 a a+2

292 a b c (a>b>c) r
b=ar c=arÛ`
aÛ`+bÛ`+cÛ` :ª4Á:

a+b+c=;2&; a(1+r+rÛ`)=;2&; abc=1 aÜ`rÜ`=1

r b=ar c=arÛ` r=;2!; a=2 aÛ`+bÛ`+cÛ`=2Û`+1Û`+{;2!;}Û`=:ª4:

293 {aÇ} 1 2 {aÇaÇ*Á}

10

;3$;(4``-1) ;3$;(3``-1) ;3$;(2``-1)

✔ ;3@;(4``-1) ;2#;(2``-1)
aÇaÇ*Á=2` `´2`=2Û`` `=2´4` `
{aÇaÇ*Á} 2 4
2(4``-1)
10 =;3@;(4``-1)
4-1
262
294 3 -2 {aÇ}
{|aÇ|}
|aÁ|+|aª|+|a |+y+|aÁ | 3069
3 |-2|=2
|aÁ|+|aª|+|a |+y+|aÁ |=|3|+|3´(-2)|+|3´(-2)Û`|+|3´(-2)Ü`|+y+|3´(-2)`|
3(2``-1)
=3+3´2+3´2Û`+3´2Ü`+y+3´2`= =3(2``-1)=3069
2-1

2
295 {aÇ} n SÇ SÇ=3-{ }`
3
aª aª =Sª -SÁ

;3!; {;3@;}``
2 `Û ` 2
aª =Sª -SÁ =[3-{ } ]-[3-{;3@;}``]={ }``´{1-;3@;}=;3!;´{;3@;}``
3 3

1
296 {aÇ} {2aÇ Á+aÇ} 4
2
aÇ=ar` `
2aÇ*Á+aÇ
{aÇ} 2 1
=2ar`+ar` `
2aÇ*Á+aÇ=2ar`+ar` `=a(2r+1)r` ` a(2r+1)=4 r=;2!; =a(2r+1)r` `
` `
aÇ=2´{;2!;} aª=1

297 {aÇ}
aÁ+aª+a =6 a +a°+a¤=48
aÁ+a +a° ;2!;
aª+a +a¤
a r aÁ+aª+a =a+ar+arÛ`=6
a +a°+a¤=arÜ`+ar`+ar`=48 r=2
aÁ+a +a° a+arÛ`+ar` 1
= =;r;=
aª+a +a¤ ar+arÜ`+ar` 2

298 x, y, r , x, 2y,
3 ,r ;3!;

( , x+0, x+y)
x y r y=xr =xrÛ`
x 2y 3 4y=x+3 3xrÛ`-4xr+x=0
x+0 x 3rÛ`-4r+1=0 r=;3!; x+y)

STEP 2
299 n

9 99 999 y ; !;(10` `-9n-10)

9+99+999+y+999y9=(10-1)+(10Û`-1)+(10Ü`-1)+y+(10`-1)
[

n 10(10`-1)
=(10+10Û`+10Ü`+y+10`)-n= -n
10-1
=;9!;(10` `-9n-10)

300 2 {aÇ} n SÇ a r
aÇ=400 SÇ=750 n 4 r+1
a(2`-1) a(r`-1)
a aÇ=a´2` `=400 SÇ= =750 SÇ=
2-1 r-1
2`-1 15
=;4&0%0;= 2` `=8 n=4
2` ` 8

263
 63
a r aÁ+aª+a +a +a°+a¤=a+ar+arÛ`+arÜ`+ar`+ar`=
8
1 1
aÁaªa a a°a¤=a´ar´arÛ`´y´ar`= aÛ`r`=
8 2
63
301 {aÇ} 6
8
1 1 1 1 1
+ + +y+ :¤4£:
8 aÁ aª a a¤
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a(1+r+rÛ`+rÜ`+r`+r`) 63
+ + + + + = + + + + + = =
aÁ aª a a a° a¤ a ar arÛ` arÜ` ar` ar` aÛ`r` 4

302 3 40 10 40
12
3 aÁ aª y aÁ 40

1 1 1 1
3+aÁ+aª+y+aÁ +40=k {;3!;+ + +y+ + }
aÁ aª aÁ 40
k 120
3(r`Û`-1) k(r`Û`-1)
r = k=9r``
r-1 3r``(r-1)
3r``=40 k=9r``=3_3r``=120

303 r {aÇ} n SÇ
SÇ SªÇ
=7 r>1) 3
SÇ SÇ
a(rÜ``-1) a(rÛ``-1)
S£Ç r-1 SªÇ r-1
a = =7 rÛ``+r`+1=7 r`=2 r>1) = =r`+1=3
SÇ a(r`-1) SÇ a(r`-1)
r-1 r-1
1
304 2
;4!; ;8!; y n SÇ a r

|SÇ-1|<10 Ü` n 10
n
` 1
;2!;[1-{;2!;} ] |SÇ-1|={;2!;}`<10 Ü`= a(1-r`)
1000
SÇ= =1-{;2!;}` 1-r
1-;2!; 2`>1000 n¾10

305 {aÇ} n SÇ aÁ=SÁ

aÇ=SÇ-SÇÐÁ (n¾2)
logª`(SÇ+k)=n+1 {aÇ}
k

1 ✔ 2 3 4 5
SÇ=2` `-k aÇ=SÇ-SÇÐÁ=(2` `-k)-(2`-k)=2` (n¾2)
aÁ=SÁ=4-k
{aÇ} 4-k=2 k=2
1 1
306 n 2` `-
2
- nÛ`+kn
2
{aÇ}

{bÇ} a =bÁ aµ=b m l k

k(m+l) m+3) 10
a =bÁ k=;2%; aÇ=2` Û`, bÇ=-n+3 m+3 m=2 l=2
5
aµ=b m l k(m+l)= (2+2)=10
2

307 1.5 20 12 12
266

1.015`Û`=1.2 1
12 20 S
20(1.015`Û`-1) 20_0.2
S= = =266.___
1.015-1 0.015

264
308 a b a` 576 b`
a b c
ab n 24
576 a` b` 576Û`=a` b` 2`Û`´3`=(ab)`
ab n (ab)`=2`Û`´3Ý`=(2Ü`´3)` ab=2Ü`´3=24 bÛ`=ac

309
a b
aÛ` bÛ`
1 RÁ
Á Rª Rª
ª R
RÁ -1+'5 ``
{ }
2
RÁ x
-1+'5
1 x=x (1-x) x=
Á 2
1 RÁ ª R y
R

Rª

-1+'5 -1+'5 Û`
RÁ SÁ SÁ= RÇ RÇ*Á SÇ SÇ*Á SÇ SÇ*Á=1 { }
2 2
-1+'5 -1+'5 Û` ` -1+'5 ``
SÁ = ´[{ } ] ={ }
2 2 2

310 1 {aÇ} {aÇ}

r {aªÇÐÁ}
aÁ+a +a°+y+aªÇÐÁ=91 aª+a +a¤+y+aªÇ=273
{aªÇ} rÛ`
n 6
r 1+rÛ`+r`+y+r2n-2=91 r+rÜ`+r`+y+r2n-1=273 r=3
1+3Û`+3`+y+32n-2=91 n=3 r+n=6

311 {aÇ}
aÁ+aª+a +y+aÇ=36 aÇ*Á+aÇ*ª+aÇ*£+y+aªÇ=18
aªÇ*Á+aªÇ*ª+aªÇ*£+y+a£Ç 9
a(1-r`) ar`(1-r`)
a r =36 =18 r`=;2!;
1-r 1-r
arÛ``(1-r`)
= =9
1-r

312 20 5 10
40 5 5
10 5
1.05`=1.28)

325000 326000 327000

328000 ✔ 329000

A B
20(1+0.05){(1+0.05)``-1}
A= =420(1.05``-1)
(1+0.05)-1
40(1+0.05){(1+0.05)`-1}
B= =840(1.05`-1)
265
(1+0.05)-1
A-B=420(1.05``-1)-840(1.05`-1)=420_(1.05`-1)Û`=32.928
 01 Á

1. Á 1, 2

{aÇ} n aÁ+aª+a +y+aÇ

n
Á
n
n
Á aû Û
a +a +a +y+aÇ= Á aû k=1
k=1

aÇ n k

n
Á aû aû k 1 2 3 y n aÁ aª a y aÇ
k=1
n n n
Á aû k Á aÔ Á aÆ
k=1 =1 =1
n n n
Á aû=Á aÔ= Á aÆ
k=1 =1 =1
n
mÉn m n Á aû
k=m

Á Sum S (sigma)

20
2+4+6+y+40= Á 2k
k=1
7
Á 3`=3Ü`+3`+3`+3`+3`
=3

2. Á 3
Á

n n n
Á (aû+bû)= Á aû+ Á bû
k=1 k=1 k=1
n n n
Á (aû-bû)= Á aû- Á bû
k=1 k=1 k=1
n n
Á caû=c Á aû ( , c )
k=1 k=1
n
Á c=cn ( , c )
k=1

n-1 n n n
Á aû= Á aû-aÇ Á aû= Á aû-aÁ
k=1 k=1 k=2 k=1
n n m-1
Á aû= Á aû- Á aû ( 2ÉmÉn)
k=m k=1 k=1
n n-1 n+1
Á aû= Á aû*Á= Á aûÐÁ
k=1 k=0 k=2

268
 n
Á (aû+bû)=(aÁ+bÁ)+(aª+bª)+(a +b )+y+(aÇ+bÇ)
k=1

=(aÁ+aª+a +y+aÇ)+(bÁ+bª+b +y+bÇ)

n n
= Á aû+ Á bû
k=1 k=1
n
Á (aû-bû)=(aÁ-bÁ)+(aª-bª)+(a -b )+y+(aÇ-bÇ)
k=1

=(aÁ+aª+a +y+aÇ)-(bÁ+bª+b +y+bÇ)

n n
= Á aû- Á bû
k=1 k=1
n n
Á caû=caÁ+caª+ca +y+caÇ=c(aÁ+aª+a +y+aÇ)=c Á aû
k=1 k=1
n
Á c=c+c+c+y+c=cn
k=1
n

10 10
Á aû=20 Á bû=15
k=1 k=1
10 10 10
Á (aû+bû) Á (aû-bû) Á 3aû
k=1 k=1 k=1

10 10 10
Á (aû+bû)= Á aû+ Á bû=20+15=35
k=1 k=1 k=1
10 10 10
Á (aû-bû)= Á aû- Á bû=20-15=5
k=1 k=1 k=1
10 10
Á 3aû=3 Á aû=3_20=60
k=1 k=1

Á
n n n n n
Û
Á aûbû+ Á aû Á bû Á aûÛ`+{ Á aû}`
k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1
n
Á aû
n aû k=1 n
Á + n {bû+0 Á bû+0}
k=1 bû k=1
Á bû
k=1

Á
n
Á aûbû=aÁbÁ+aªbª+a b +y+aÇbÇ
k=1
n n
Á aû‌Á bû=(aÁ+aª+a +y+aÇ)(bÁ+bª+b +y+bÇ)
k=1 k=1
n n n
Á aûbû+ Á aû Á bû
k=1 k=1 k=1
n n
Û
Á aûÛ`=aÁÛ`+aªÛ`+a Û`+y+aÇÛ` { Á aû}`=(aÁ+aª+a +y+aÇ)Û`
k=1 k=1
n n
Á aûÛ`+{ Á aû}Û`
k=1 k=1
n
Á aû
n aû aÁ aª a£ aÇ k=1 aÁ+aª+a£+y+aÇ
Á = + + +y+ , =
k=1 bû bÁ bª b£ bÇ n bÁ+bª+b£+y+bÇ
Á bû
k=1
n
Á aû
n aû k=1
Á + n
k=1 bû
Á bû
k=1

269
332 Á
aÁ+aª+a£+y+aÇ
n
1+3+5+y+(2n-1) Á (2k-1) n

n+1
k=1 = Á aû
k=1
2+4+8+y+2` ` k=1
Á 2`

1 n
1
;2!;+;3!;+;4!;+y+ Á
k+1
n+1 k=1

10
2+5+8+y+29 Á (3k-1)
k=1
5
4+4+4+4+4 Á4
k=1
10
1´2+2´3+3´4+y+10´11 Á k(k+1)
k=1

333
n
Á Á aû
k=1

10 8 =aÁ+aª+a£+y+aÇ
Á (5k+1) 6+11+16+y+51 Á 3` ` 1+3+3Û`+y+3`
k=1 =1
5 7
Á3 3+3+3+3+3 Á (-1)`´n -1+2-3+4-5+6-7
k=1 n=1

n n
1
Á 2` 2`+2`+2`+y+2` Á
k=3 =1 ( +1)
1 1 1 1
+ + +y+
1´2 2´3 3´4 n(n+1)

20 20

334 Á aû=10 Á bû=-30

k=1 k=1
Á

20
Á (4aû-1) 20
k=1
20
Á (3aû-2bû) 90
k=1

270
 Á`
01

9 10
{aÇ} aÁ=10 aÁ =1 Á aû- Á aû
k=1 k=2
n 10
n 2n
{aÇ} Á aû=nÛ` Á (aªûÐÁ+aªû) Á (aªûÐÁ+aªû)= Á aû
k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1

9 10
Á aû- Á aû=(aÁ+aª+a +y+a -(aª+a +a +y+aÁ =aÁ-aÁ =10-1=9
k=1 k=2
10 20
Á (aªûÐÁ+aªû)=(aÁ+aª)+(a +a )+(a°+a¤)+y+(aÁ +aª )= Á aû=20Û`=400
k=1 k=1

Á`
02

9 5
Á (aû-aÁ¼Ðû)=0 2-4+6-8+10= Á 2k´(-1)`
k=1 k=1

10 1 1 20 1
Á{ + }= Á
k=1 2k-1 2k k=1 k

9
Á (aû-aÁ¼Ðû)=(aÁ-a )+(aª-a )+(a -a )+y+(a -aÁ)
k=1

=(aÁ+aª+y+a )-(aÁ+aª+y+a )=0

5
Á 2k`´(-1)`=2´(-1)+4´(-1)Û`+6´(-1)Ü`+8´(-1)`+10´(-1)`
k=1

=-2+4-6+8-10+2-4+6-8+10
10 1 1 1 1 20
Á{ + }={;1!;+;2!;}+{;3!;+;4!;}+{;5!;+;6!;}+y+{
k=1 2k-1 2k
Á; ;
19 + 20 }=k=1

10 9
1 1
335 Á
k=1
-Á
k k=1 k+1
1

10 10
336 1 {aÇ} Á (aû+aû*Á)=30 Á aû=10
k=1 k=1
aÁÁ
11

9 10
337 Á (2k+2)Û`+ Á (2k-1)Û`
k=0 k=1

19 20 20
Á (2k-1)Û` ✔ Á kÛ` Á (2k)Û`
k=0 k=1 k=1
10 10
2 Á (2k)Û` 2 Á (2k+2)Û`
k=0 k=1

271
 Á
03

10 10 10
Á aû=3 Á aûÛ`=5 Á (3aû-1)Û`
k=1 k=1 k=1
5 5 5 5
Á (aû+bû)=10 Á (aû-bû)=-4 Á aû Á bû
k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1

10 10 10 10 10
Á (3aû-1)Û`= Á (9aûÛ`-6aû+1)=9 Á aûÛ`-6 Á aû+ Á 1=9´5-6´3+1´10=37
k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1
5 5 5 5
Á aû= Á ;2!;{(aû+bû)+(aû-bû)}=;2!;[ Á (aû+bû)+ Á (aû-bû)]=;2!;(10-4)=3
k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1
5 5 5 5
Á bû= Á ;2!;{(aû+bû)-(aû-bû)}=;2!;[ Á (aû+bû)- Á (aû-bû)]=;2!;{10-(-4)}=7
k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1

n
Á r`
04 k=1

6 8
3`+(-2)`
Á (3` `-2) Á
k=1 k=1 5`

n r(1-r`)
Á r`=r+rÛ`+r`+y+r`= r+1) Û r r n
k=1 1-r

6 6 6 1´(3`-1)
Á (3` `-2)= Á 3` `- Á 2= -2´6=364-12=352
k=1 k=1 k=1 3-1
8 3`+(-2)` 8 8
Á = Á {;5#;}`+ Á {-;5@;}`
k=1 5` k=1 k=1

;5#;[1-{;5#;}` ] -;5@;[1-{-;5@;}` ]
= + =;2#;[1-{;5#;}` ]-;7@;[1-{-;5@;}` ]
1-;5#; 1-{-;5@;}
17
=;2#;-;2#;´{;5#;}`-;7@;+;7@;´{;5@;}`= -;2#; {;5#;}`+;7@; {;5@;}`
14

10 10 10 10
338 Á aûÛ`=15 Á aû=5
k=1 k=1
Á (3aû-1)Û`- Á (aû+2)Û`
k=1 k=1
40

n n n
339 Á (aû+bû)Û`=60 Á (aûÛ`+bûÛ`)=40
k=1 k=1
Á aûbû
k=1
10

340
n n 10
Á 3´2`- Á 3´2` 6(2``-1) Á 5`+(-3)` `` ``
5 {;4%;} +;7#; {;4#;} -:7¥:
k=1 k=11 k=1 4`

272
02
1. 5, 6

n
n(n+1)
Á k=1+2+3+ +n=
k=1 2
n
n(n+1)(2n+1)
Á kÛ`=1Û`+2Û`+3Û`+ +nÛ`=
k=1 6
n
n(n+1) Û`
Á k`=1`+2`+3`+ +n`=[ ]
k=1 2

10 10 10
Á k Á kÛ` Á kÜ`
k=1 k=1 k=1

1010(10+1)
Á k= 2
=55
k=1
10 10(10+1)(2´10+1)
Á kÛ`= 6
=385
k=1
10 10(10+1) Û
Á kÜ`=[ 2
]`=55Û`=3025
k=1

2. Á 7

Ú aÇ
Û aÇ n k aû
n
Ü SÇ= Á aû
k=1

1´2+2´3+3´4+y+10´11
Ú aÇ aÇ=n(n+1)
Û aÇ n k aû=k(k+1)
10 10 10
Ü SÁ = Á aû= Á k(k+1)= Á (kÛ`+k)
k=1 k=1 k=1
10 10
= Á kÛ`+ Á k
k=1 k=1

10(10+1)(20+1) 10(10+1)
= +
6 2
=440

273
 1 n 1 1 n

n
n(n+1)
Á k=1+2+3+y+n=
k=1 2
(k+1)Ü`-kÜ`=3kÛ`+3k+1 k=1 2 3 y n
2Ü`-1Ü` =3´1Û`+3´1+1 Û k=1

3Ü`-2Ü`=3´2Û`+3´2+1 Û k=2

4Ü`-3Ü`=3´3Û`+3´3+1 Û k=3

+ (n+1)Ü`-nÜ`=3´nÛ`+3´n+1 Û k=n

(n+1)Ü`-1Ü`=3(1Û`+2Û`+3Û`+y+nÛ`)+3(1+2+3+y+n)+1´n
n
n(n+1)
=3 Á kÛ`+3´ +n
k=1 2
n
n(n+1)
3 Á kÛ`=(n+1)Ü`-3´ -(n+1)
k=1 2
n(n+1)(2n+1)
=
2
n
n(n+1)(2n+1)
Á kÛ`=
k=1 6
(k+1)`-k`=4kÜ`+6kÛ`+4k+1 k=1 2 3 y n
n
n(n+1) Û`
Á kÜ`=[ ]
k=1 2
Á
n-1
(n-1)n n-1 (n-1)n(2n-1) n-1 (n-1)n Û
Á k= Á kÛ`= Á kÜ`=[ ]`
k=1 2 k=1 6 k=1 2
n
n(n+1)(n+2)
Á k(k+1)=
k=1 3
n
n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)
Á k(k+1)(k+2)=
k=1 4
n n n n
n(n+1)(2n+1) n(n+1)
Á k(k+1)= Á (kÛ`+k)= Á kÛ`+ Á k= 6
+
2
k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1

n(n+1)(2n+1)+3n(n+1) n(n+1)(n+2)
= =
6 3
n n n n n
Á k(k+1)(k+2)= Á (kÜ`+3kÛ`+2k)= Á kÜ`+3 Á kÛ`+2 Á k
k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1

n(n+1) Û` n(n+1)(2n+1) n(n+1)

=[ ] +3´ +2´
2 6 2

= n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)
4

274
341
10
Á (2k+1) 120
k=1
8
Á (2k+1)(3k-1) 1252
k=1
6
Á k(kÛ`+2) 483
k=1
5
Á (3`+2k) 393
k=1
n
Á (3+4k) 2nÛ`+5n+3
k=0
n-1
Á (2k+3) (n-1)(n+3)
k=1
2n
n(2n+1)(7n+1)
Á kÛ` 6
k=n+1

342 Á

5 5
Á (k+1)Ü`- Á (k-1)Ü` 340
k=1 k=1
10 10
Á (kÛ`-k+1)+Á ( Û`+ -1) 770
k=1 =1
8 8
(k+1)Ü` (n-1)Ü`
Á +Á 456
k=1 k n=1 n
5 5
Á (2`+1)Û`- Á (2`-1)Û` 248
k=1 k=1

343
n n m-1
a b c Á aû= Á aû- Á aû
k=m k=1 k=1

n ( 2ÉmÉn)
Á k=anÛ`+bn+c a=;2!; b=;2!; c=-1
k=2
n+5
Á 4(k-3)=anÛ`+bn+c a=2 b=10 c=8
k=5

4(k-3) k=5 n+5

4(k+1) k=1 n+1

275
 05

10 10
Á (2k-3)Û`+ Á (2k)Û`
k=1 k=1

10
1+2+3+y+k
Á
k=1 k

10 10 10
Á (2k-3)Û`+ Á (2k)Û`= Á {(2k-3)Û`+(2k)Û`}
k=1 k=1 k=1
10
= Á (8kÛ`-12k+9)
k=1
10 10 10
=8 Á kÛ`-12 Á k+ Á 9
k=1 k=1 k=1

10´11´21 10´11
=8´ -12´ +9´10
6 2
=3080-660+90=2510
k(k+1)
1+2+3+y+k=
2
k(k+1)
10 1+2+3+y+k 10 2 10 k+1
Á =Á =Á
k=1 k k=1 k k=1 2
10 10 10´11 65
=;2!; Á k+;2!; Á 1=;2!;´ +;2!;´1´10=
k=1 k=1 2 2

06
n-1
Á (3k-2)=92 n
k=1

n-1 n-1 n-1 (n-1)n 3nÛ`-7n+4

Á (3k-2)=3 Á k- Á 2=3´ -2(n-1)=
k=1 k=1 k=1 2 2
3nÛ`-7n+4
=92 3nÛ`-7n+4=184 3nÛ`-7n-180=0
2
20
(n-9)(3n+20)=0 n=9 n=-
3
n n 9

10 10
kÜ` k(4k+3)
344 Á
k=1
+Á
k+3 k=1 k+3
440

5
345 Á (1Û`+2Û`+3Û`+y+kÛ`)
k=1
105

n n
346 Á (2 Û`+1)- Á ( -1)(2 +1)=102
=1 =1
n 12

276
 Á
07
n

1 1+2 1+2+3 y 1´3 2´5 3´7 4´9 y

n(n+1)
aÇ=1+2+3+y+n=
2
k(k+1)
n n n n
SÇ‌
=
‌ Á =;2!; Á (kÛ`+k)=;2!; Á kÛ`+;2!; Á k
k=1 2 k=1 k=1 k=1

n(n+1)(2n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1)(n+2)

=;2!;´ +;2!;´ =
6 2 6
aÇ=n´{3+2(n-1)}=n(2n+1)
n n n n
SÇ‌
=
‌ Á k(2k+1)= Á (2kÛ`+k)=2 Á kÛ`+ Á k
k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1

n(n+1)(2n+1) n(n+1) n(n+1)(4n+5)

=2´ + =
6 2 6

Á
08
n 10
{aÇ} Á aû=nÛ`+2n Á aªû
k=1 k=1

n
{aÇ} n SÇ SÇ= Á aû=nÛ`+2n
k=1

n¾2 aÇ=SÇ-SÇÐÁ=(nÛ`+2n)-{(n-1)Û`+2(n-1)}=2n+1 yy
n=1 aÁ=SÁ=1Û`+2´1=3
aÁ=3 n=1 aÇ=2n+1 (n¾1)
10 10 10´11 10
Á aªû= Á (2´2k+1)= Á (4k+1)=4´ 2 +10=230
k=1 k=1 k=1

KEY
Point Á
Ú aÇ
n
Û SÇ= Á aû
k=1

aÇ=SÇ-SÇÐÁ (n¾2) a =S

347 1 1+2 1+2+2Û` 1+2+2Û`+2Ü` 1+2+2Û`+2Ü`+2` y n

2` `-n-2

n 5
348 {aÇ} Á aû=nÛ`+3n
k=1
Á ka û
k=1
360

n 10 aªû
349 {aÇ} Á aû=3`-1
k=1
Á
k=1 aªûÐÁ
30

277
 Á
09

7 7
Á [ Á (m+n)]
m=1 n=1
n m l
Á [ Á { Á k}]
m=1 l=1 k=1

Á Á

Á k
k=

n
Á ( +k) k
k=1

7 7 7 7´8
Á (m+n)= Á m+ Á n=m´7+ 2 =7m+28
n=1 n=1 n=1
7 7 7 7´8
= Á (7m+28)=7 Á m+ Á 28=7´ +28´7=196+196=392
m=1 m=1 m=1 2
l l(l+1)
Á k= 2
k=1
m l(l+1) m m m(m+1)(2m+1) m(m+1)
Á =;2!; {Á lÛ`+ Á l}=;2!;[ + ] 
l=1 2 l=1 l=1 6 2
m(m+1)(m+2)
=
6
n m(m+1)(m+2) n n n
=Á =;6!;{Á mÜ`+3 Á mÛ`+2 Á m} 
m=1 6 m=1 m=1 m=1

n(n+1) Û n(n+1)(2n+1) n(n+1)

=;6!;`[[ ]`+3´ +2´ ] 
2 6 2
n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)
=
24

KEY
Point Á

Á k
k=

n n n
Án Ák Á ( +l)
k=1 k=1 l=1

350
10 10 4 k
Á { Á kl} 3025 Á [ Á [Á ( +1)]] 55
l=1 k=1 k=1 =1 =1

m n
351 Á {Á }=56
n=1 =1
, m 6

278
STEP 1
30 60 n n

313 Á (aªûÐÁ+aªû)=35
k=1
, Á 2aû
k=1
70 Á caû=c Á aû
k=1 k=1

30 60 c
Á (aªûÐÁ+aªû)=(aÁ+aª)+(a +a )+(a°+a¤)+y+(a° +a¤ )= Á aû=35
k=1 k=1
60 60
Á 2aû=2 Á aû=2_35=70
k=1 k=1
n n-1

314
n
Á (k`+1)- Á k`=n`+8 n Á (kÝ`+1)
k=1
k=1 k=1
n-1
= Á (kÝ`+1)+(nÝ`+1)
k=1
5 6 7 ✔ 8 9 k=n
n n-1 n-1 n-1 n-1
Á (k`+1)- Á k`=[ Á (k`+1)+n`+1]- Á k`= Á 1+n`+1=(n-1)+n`+1=n`+n
k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1

n`+n=n`+8 n=8

315
n n n n n
{ Á aû}Û`= Á aûÛ` Á aûbû= Á aû Á bû
k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1

2n n 2n
Á aû= Á aû+ Á aû‌‌
k=1 k=1 k=n+1

✔
2n n 2n
Á aû=(aÁ+aª+a +y+aÇ)+(aÇ*Á+aÇ*ª+aÇ* +y+aªÇ)= Á aû+ Á aû
k=1 k=1 k=n+1

316 {aÇ} aÇ=2`+(-1)` aÁ+aª+a +y+a

✔ 2``-3 2``-1 2`` 2``+1 2``+3

9 9 9 2(2`-1) -1´{1-(-1)`}
aÁ+aª+a +y+a = Á {2`+(-1)`}= Á 2`+ Á (-1)`= +
k=1 k=1 k=1 2-1 1-(-1)
=2``-2-1=2``-3

317 7 77 777 7777 y 10

7(10``-100)
10 10 10(10``-1)
10
Á ;9&;(10`-1)=;9&;{ Á 10`- Á 1}=;9&;[ -1´10] 81
k=1 k=1 k=1 10-1
10``-100 7(10``-100)
=;9&;´ =
9 81
10 10

318 Á (3kÛ`+2)+ Á (3kÛ`-2)

k=1 k=2
2309

10 10 10 10
Á (3kÛ`+2)+ Á (3kÛ`-2)= Á (3kÛ`+2)+[ Á (3kÛ`-2)-(3´1Û`-2)]
k=1 k=2 k=1 k=1
10 10
= Á 6kÛ`-1=6 Á kÛ`-1=2309
k=1 k=1
n n
n 1
319 {aÇ} Á aû=
k=1 n+1
Á
k=1 aû
n aÇ=SÇ-SÇÐÁ (n¾2)
aÁ=SÁ
n(n+1)(n+2)
3
n 1
{aÇ} n SÇ SÇ= aÇ=
n+1 n(n+1)
n 1 n n n n(n+1)(n+2)
Á = Á k(k+1)= Á kÛ`+ Á k=
k=1 aû k=1 k=1 k=1 3

279
STEP 2
n+1 n

320 n SÇ SÇ= Á (kÛ`+1)- Á (kÛ`-1)

k=1 k=1
aÁ =SÁ -S

{aÇ} 10 23
11 10 10 9
aÁ =SÁ -S =[ Á (kÛ`+1)- Á (kÛ`-1)]-[ Á (kÛ`+1)- Á (kÛ`-1)]=(11Û`+1)-(10Û`-1)=23
k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1

10 10 10 10

321 Á kÛ`+ Á kÛ`+ Á kÛ`+y+ Á kÛ`

k=1 k=2 k=3 k=10
3025 Á
10 10 10 10 10´11 Û 10
Á kÛ`+ Á kÛ`+ Á kÛ`+y+ Á kÛ`=1Û`+2´2Û`+3´3Û`+y+10´10Û`= Á kÜ`={ }`=3025
k=1 k=2 k=3 k=10 k=1 2

322 4 n y=xÛ`+x
y
y=nx-2
y=xÛ`+x y=nx-2
A B OA OB B
aÇ bÇ
20
Á (aÇ+bÇ) O
n=4

211 216 O A
x
✔ 221 226 -2
231
A(aÇ aÇÛ`+aÇ) B(bÇ bÇÛ`+bÇ) aÇ+bÇ=aÇ+bÇ+2
xÛ`+x=nx-2 aÇ bÇ aÇ+bÇ=n-1

323
20 20 20 3
Á (aÇ+bÇ)= Á (n+1)= Á (n+1)- Á (n+1)=230-9=221
n=4 n=4 n=1 n=1

1´19+2´18+3´17+y+19´1 1330

1´2+3´4+5´6+y+99´100 169150
19 19 50 50
= Á k(20-k)= Á (20k-kÛ`)=1330 = Á (2k-1)´2k= Á (4kÛ`-2k)=169150
k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1

5 5

324 Á [ Á (3k-1)2` ` ]
=1 k=1
1240 Á
k=

5 5´6 5 1´(2`-1) k
Á (3k-1)2` `=2` ` {3´ -1´5}=40´2` ` = Á 40´2` `=40´ =1240
k=1 2 j=1 2-1

325 A B
n A B
1 2 y n A 1 B
n A B
n(n+1)(n+2)
6
A B SÇ
SÇ=1´n+2´(n-1)+3´(n-2)+y+n´1
n n(n+1)(n+2)
n n
SÇ= Á k(n-k+1)=- Á kÛ`+(n+1) Á k=
k=1 k=1 k=1 6
n(n+1)(2n+1)
326 {aÇ} aÁ+2aª+3a +y+naÇ=
6
{naÇ}

10
Á aû 55
k=1

n(n+1)(2n+1)
{naÇ} n SÇ SÇ‌‌= naÇ=nÛ`
6
10 10´1110
aÇ=n Á aû= Á k= =55
2
280 k=1 k=1
03
1. 10

Ú aÇ
Û Á

2.

1 1 1 1
AB = B-A { A - B } ( A+B)
1 1 1 1
ABC = C-A { AB - BC } ( A+C)
n
1 1 n 1 1
Á = a Á { k - k+a }
k=1 k(k+a) k=1
n
1 1 n 1 1
Á = b-a Á { k+a - k+b }
k=1 (k+a)(k+b) k=1
n
1 1 n 1 1
Á = Á[ - ]
k=1 k(k+1)(k+2) 2 k=1 k(k+1) (k+1)(k+2)

1
=;2!; {;1!;-;3!;} 2 ;2!;
1´3
1
=;3!; {;1!;-;4!;} 3 ;3!;
1´4

1 A B
= - A B
k(k+1)(k+2) k(k+1) (k+1)(k+2)

1 1 1 1
+ + +y+
1´2 2´3 3´4 n(n+1)
1
Ú aÇ=
n(n+1) Û
1
Û aÇ aÇ=; ;-
n+1
n n 1 1 1
Ü SÇ‌‌
= Á aû= Á {; ;- }={;1!;-;2!;}+{;2!;-;3!;}+y+{ -; ;}+{; ;- }Û
k=1 k=1 k+1 n-1 n+1
1 n
=1- =
n+1 n+1

281
 3. 11, 12

Ú
Û Á

10
1
Á
k=1 'k+'Äk+1
1 'k-'Äk+1 'k-'Äk+1
= = ='Äk+1-'k
'k+'Äk+1 ('k+'Äk+1)('k-'Äk+1) k-(k+1)
10 1 10
Á = Á 'Äk+1-'k)
k=1 'k+'Äk+1 k=1

=('2-'1)+('3-'2)+('4-'3)+y+('1Œ1-'1Œ0) Û
='1Œ1-1

한 걸음 더

4. _ `` 14

1´3 2´3Û` 3´3Ü` y n´3` y

Ú S r
Û S-rS S

1´3+2´3Û`+3´3Ü`+y+n´3`
1 2 3 y n
3 3Û` 3Ü` y 3`

_
S S=1´3+2´3Û`+3´3Ü`+y+n´3` yy
3
S=1´3+2´3Û`+3´3Ü`+y+n´3`
- 3S= 1´3Û`+2´3Ü`+y+(n-1)´3`+n´3` `
-2S=(3+3Û`+3Ü`+y+3` )-n´3` `
3(3`-1)
= -n´3` `
3-1
3(3`-1)
= -n´3` `
2
3(3`-1) n´3` `
S=- +
4 2
S S r rS S-rS 1-r

282
1.

{aÇ} bÇ=aÇ*Á-aÇ (n=1 2 3 y) aÇ*Á aÇ

{bÇ} {aÇ}
bÇ=aÇ*Á-aÇ {aÇ}
n-1
aÇ=a +(b +b +b + +bÇÐÁ)=a + Á bû (n¾2)
k=1

=
+ (n-1)

di erence
{aÇ} {bÇ} {aÇ}

{aÇ} aÁ aª a y aÇÐÁ aÇ
{bÇ} aª-aÁ=bÁ
a -aª=bª
a -a =b

aÇ-aÇÐÁ=bÇÐÁ
aÇ-aÁ=bÁ+bª+b +y+bÇÐÁ
n-1
aÇ=aÁ+(bÁ+bª+b +y+bÇÐÁ)=aÁ+ Á bû (n¾2)
k=1

= + (n-1)

Ú bÇ
n-1
Û aÇ=a + Á bû (n¾2) [
k=1

1 2 4 7 11 y
{aÇ} 1 2 4 7 11 y
{bÇ} 1 2 3 4 y
{bÇ} 1 1 bÇ=n
n-1 (n-1)n nÛ`-n+2
aÇ=1+{1+2+3+4+y+(n-1)}=1+ Á k=1+ = `(n¾2)
k=1 2 2
nÛ`-n+2 nÛ`-n+2
n=1 aÁ=1 n=1 aÇ=
2 2

283
 10
n

1 1 1 1 1 1
y 1´3 2´4 3´5 y
3Û`-1 5Û`-1 7Û`-1

1 1 1 1
= { - } A+B)
AB B-A A B

1 1 1
aÇ= = =;4!;{; ;- } Û
(2n+1)Û`-1 4n(n+1) n+1
n n 1
SÇ‌‌= Á aû=;4!; Á {; ;- }
k=1 k=1 k+1
1
=;4!;[{;1!;-;2!;}+{;2!;-;3!;}+y+{; ;- }] Û
n+1
1 n
=;4!;{1- }=
n+1 4(n+1)
1 1 1
aÇ= =;2!;{ - } Û
n(n+2) n n+2
n n 1 1
SÇ‌ =
‌ Á aû=;2!; Á { - } 
k=1 k=1 k k+2
1 1 1 1
=;2!;[{;1!;-;3!;}+{;2!;-;4!;}+{;3!;-;5!;}+y+{ - }+{ - }]
Û 
n-1 n+1 n n+2
1 1
=;2!;{1+;2!;- - } 
n+1 n+2
n(3n+5)
=
4(n+1)(n+2)

KEY
Point
n
1 1 n 1 1
Á = Á{ - }
k=1 k(k+a) a k=1 k k+a
n
1 1 n 1 1
Á = Á{ - }
k=1 (k+a)(k+b) b-a k=1 k+a k+b

352 n

1 1 1 n 1 1 2n
1´3 3´5 5´7 y 2n+1 1 1+2 1+2+3 y n+1

10
90
353 Á
k=1 (4k+1)(4k+5)
4
n
SÇ= Á aû
k=1 n n
1
354
n
aÇ=SÇ-SÇÐÁ`(n¾2) Á aû=nÛ`+4n Á n 5(2n+5)
aÁ=SÁ k=1 k=1 aû aû*Á

284
 `
11
n

1 1 1
y
1+'2 '2+'3 '3+'4

1
aÇ= ='Än+1-'n Û
'n+'Än+1
n
SÇ‌
=
‌ Á 'Äk+1-'§k)
k=1

= '2-1)+ '3-'2)+y+ 'n-'Än-1)+ 'Än+1-'n) Û

='n+1-1

`
12
12
1
{aÇ} 1 2 Á
k=1 '¶aû*Á+'§aû

aÇ=1+(n-1)´2=2n-1
12 1 12 1
Á =Á
k=1 '¶aû*Á+'§aû k=1 'Ä2k+1+'Ä2k-1
1 12
= Á 'Ä2k+1-'Ä2k-1)
2 k=1
1
= {('3-1)+ '5-'3)+y+ '2Œ5-'2Œ3)}
2
1
= ('¶25-1)=2
2

KEY
Point aÇ
Ú
Û Á

'4 '6 '8 y 'Ä2n+2

'2 '4 '6 y '¶2n

2 2 2 2
355 + +
'4+'2 '6+'4 '8+'6
+y+
'3Œ2+'3Œ0
3'2

99
1
356 f(x)='x+'Äx+1 Á
k=1 f(k)
9

n
1
357 `f(n)='Än+1+'Än+2 Á
k=1 `f(k)
=2'2 n 16

285
 13

40
2k+1 8
1
Á log ` Á log`¾¨1-
k=1 2k-1 k=2 kÛ`

40 2k+1 81 81
Á log ` =log `;1#;+log `;3%;+log `;5&;+y+log ` =log `{;1#;´;3%;´;5&;´y´ }
k=1 2k-1 79 79
=log `81=4
8 1 8 kÛ`-1 8 (k-1)(k+1)
Á log`¾¨1- = Á log`¾¨ = Á log`¾¨
k=2 kÛ` k=2 kÛ` k=2 k´k
1´3 2´4 3´5 7´9
=log`¾¨ +log`¾¨ +log`¾¨ +y+log`¾¨
2´2 3´3 4´4 8´8
1 9
=log`¾¨ ´;2#;´;3@;´;3$;´y´;8&;´;8(;=log`¾¨ =lo `;4#;
2 16

한 걸음 더
_
14
2 3 10
S=;2!;+ + +y+ S
2Û` 2Ü` 2``

1 1
1 2 3 y 10 ;2!; y
2Û` 2``
S S S- _S

1 2 3 9 10
S= + + +y+ +
2 2Û` 2Ü` 2` 2``
1 1 2 8 9 10
- S= + +y+ + +
2 2Û` 2Ü` 2` 2`` 2``
;2!;´[1-{;2!;}``]
1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 1 10
S={ + + +y+ + }- = - =1- -
2 2 2Û` 2Ü` 2` 2`` 2`` 2`` 2`` 2``
1-;2!;
1 10 1 5 3 3
S=2{1- - }=2{1- - }=2{1- }=2-
2`` 2`` 2`` 2`` 2` 2`

KEY
Point _ S-rS r

a>0 a+1 x>0 y>0

358 logŒ`x+logŒ`y=logŒ`xy

99
1 10
kÛ`-1
Á log`{1+ } 2 Á {;9@;+log` } lo `55
k=1 k k=2 kÛ`

359 S=10´1+9´2+8´2Û`+y+1´2` S 2036

10
360 Á (2k-1)´3`
k=1
3``+3

286
STEP 1
n
1
327
1
Á =;5@1%; n 25
AB
k=1 4kÛ`-1
n 1 n 1 n 1 1 n 1 1 1
Á =Á =;2!; Á { - }= = { - }
k=1 4kÛ`-1 k=1 (2k-1)(2k+1) k=1 2k-1 2k+1 2n+1 B-A A B
n 25 ( A+B)
= 51n=25(2n+1) n=25
2n+1 51

1 1 1 1 1
328
n
y n Á
k(k+a)
1+1Û` 2+2Û` 3+3Û` 4+4Û` k=1

1 n 1 1
0.99 n 99 = Á{ -
a k=1 k k+a
}
n SÇ
n 1 n 1 n 1 1
SÇ= Á =Á = Á {; ;- }=1- ¾0.99
k=1 k+kÛ` k=1 k(k+1) k=1 k+1 n+1
1
É0.01 n+1¾100 n¾99
n+1

329 {aÇ} x aÇxÛ`-aÇ-3 x-n f(x) x-n

10
108
Á aû n 55 f(n)=0
k=2

f(x)=aÇxÛ`-aÇ-3 f(n)=aÇnÛ`-aÇ-3=0
3
n¾2 aÇ=
nÛ`-1
10 10
3 10
3 10
1 1 108
Á aû‌‌= Á =Á =;2#; Á { - }=
k=2 k=2 kÛ`-1 k=2 (k-1)(k+1) k=2 k-1 k+1 55

330 2 {aÇ} n
10 aû*Á
SÇ Á =;3!; SÁÁ
k=1 SûSû*Á

✔ 6 7 8 9 10
10 aû*Á 10 Sû*Á-Sû 10 1 1
Á =Á =Á { - } 
k=1 Sû‌
Sû*Á k=1 Sû‌Sû*Á k=1 Sû Sû*Á
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
={ - }+{ - }+{ - }+y+{ - }= - =;3!;
SÁ Sª Sª S S S SÁ SÁÁ SÁ SÁÁ
1 1
= -;3!;=;2!;-;3!;=;6!; SÁÁ=6
SÁÁ SÁ
2 48

331 f(x)=
'x+'Äx+1
Á f(k)
k=1
12

48 48
Á f(k)=2 Á 'Äk+1-'k)=2{ '2-1)+ '3-'2` + '4-'3` +y+ '¶49-'¶48)}
k=1 k=1

=2 '¶49-1)=12

1 20 q
332 {aÇ} aÇ=1+
nÛ`-1
Á log`aû=log`
k=2 p
p q p+q

60 ✔ 61 62 63 64
20 20 1 20 kÛ` 20 k´k
Á log`aû‌‌= Á log`{1+ }= Á log` = Á log`
k=2 k=2 kÛ`-1 k=2 kÛ`-1 k=2 (k-1)(k+1)
2´2 3´3 4´4 20´20 2
=log` +log` +log` +y+log` =log`{ ´;3@;´;2#;´;4#;´ y ´;1@9;´;2@1;}
1´3 2´4 3´5 19´21 1
40
=log`
21
p=21 q=40 p+q=61
287
STEP 2
100
4
333 {aÇ} a aÁ°=8 15 SÁ =110 Á
k=1 aû‌aû*Á
SÇ=aÁ+aª+y+aÇ) ;1!01;
{aÇ} a d (a+7d) (a+14d)=8 15 a=d
10(2a+9d)
SÁ =110 =110 2a+9d=22
2
a=d=2 aÇ=2+(n-1)´2=2n
100 4 100 1
Á = Á {; ;- }=;1!01;
k=1 aû‌
aû*Á k=1 k+1

334 n SÇ SÇ=nÜ`-n {aÇ} aÇ=SÇ-SÇÐÁ (n¾2)

aÁ=SÁ
1 1 1 1
+ + +y+ =;1£0; n 10
aª a a aÇ
aÇ=SÇ-SÇÐÁ=3n(n-1)
1 1 1 1 n 1 n 1
+ + +y+ =Á =;3!; Á { -; ;}=;1£0;
aª a a aÇ k=2 3k(k-1) k=2 k-1
n-1
=;1£0; n=10
3n

3 5 7 21
335
n
S= + + +y+ 11S Á kÛ`
1Û` 1Û`+2Û` 1Û`+2Û`+3Û` 1Û`+2Û`+y+10Û` k=1

60 n(n+1)(2n+1)
=
6
10 2k+1 10 6 10 1 1
S= Á =Á =6 Á { - }
k=1k(k+1)(2k+1) k=1 k(k+1) k=1 k k+1
6
1 1 1 60
=6[{;1!;-;2!;}+{;2!;-;3!;}+{ - } y+{ -;1Á1;}]= 11S=60
3 4 10 11

336 n y=x+aÇ (x-2n)Û`+(y-2nÛ`)Û`=nÛ`

10
1 9
Á 20
k=2 aû

y=x+aÇ (x-2n)Û`+(y-2nÛ`)Û`=nÛ` y=x+aÇ (2n 2nÛ`)

aÇ=2nÛ`-2n=2n(n-1)
10 1 10 1 10 1
Á =Á =;2!; Á { -; ;}
k=2 aû k=2 2k(k-1) k=2 k-1
1 1 1 9
=;2!;[{;1!;-;2!;}+{;2!;-;3!;}+{ -;4!;}+y+{;9!;- }]=;2!;{1 }=
3 10 10 20
n n
1
337 {aÇ} Á aû=nÛ`-2n
k=1
Á
k=2 '§aû+'Äaû*Á
=2

11 12 ✔ 13 14 15
n
{aÇ} n SÇ SÇ= Á aû=nÛ`-2n aÇ=2n-3
k=1
n 1 n 1 n
Á =Á =-;2!; Á '2Äk-3-'2Äk-1)=-;2!;(1-'2Än-1)=2
k=2 '¶aû+'¶aû*Á k=2 'Ä2k-3+'Ä2k-1 k=2

n=13

1
338 1 1 ;4#;
2
;1°6; y 10 ;1%28(;

10 S
1-{;2!;}``
1 1 1 1 10 10 12 12
;2!;S={1+;2!;+ + + +y+ }- = - =2- S=2{2- }=;1%28(;
2Û` 2Ü` 2` 2` 2`` 2`` 2`` 2``
1-;2!;

288
339
100
1
f(x)= Á [x- ]Û`
k=1 k(k+1)
x ;10!1;
1 100
100 1
f(x)=100xÛ`-2x Á +Á
k=1 k(k+1) k=1 kÛ`(k+1)Û`
100 1 100 1 100 1
Á = Á {; ;- }=;1!01; Á =A`(A
k=1 k(k+1) k=1 k+1 k=1 kÛ`(k+1)Û`
200 1 Û`
f(x)=100xÛ`- x+A=100{x- } +C C
101 101
k=5
f(x) x=;10!1; 10
1 1
340 {aÇ} -9 2
aÇ=2n-11
S= Á | aûaû*Á |
k=1
aû‌aû*Á
<0

99S 188
4 1 1 10 1
S= Á +| |+ Á
(2k-11)(2k-9)
k=1 (-1)´1 k=6 (2k-11)(2k-9)

1 5 188
=;2!;{-;9!;+1}+1+;2!;{1- }=;9$;+1+ =
11 11 99
99S=188

341 {2`-2f(x)} 'x+'Äx-1)+2=0 f(x)

f(1)+f(2)+f(3)+y+f(9) 514 f(x)
f(x)=2` `+ 'x-'Äx-1)
9
= Á {2` `+('k-'Äk-1)}=(2`-1)+'9=514
k=1

342 n x=n y='§x y=2'§x

AÇ BÇ AÇBÇ aÇ
80
1 q
Á =p
n=1 (n+1)aÇ+naÇ*Á

p+q p q

✔ 17 18 19 20 21
AÇ(n 'Œn) BÇ(n 2'Œn) aÇ='Œn
80 1 80 1 1
Á =Á { - }=1-;9!;=;9*; p+q=9+8=17
n=1 (n+1)aÇ+naÇ*Á n=1 '§n 'Än+1

343 {aÇ} aÁ=10 aÇ*Á=aÇÛ`+3aÇ`(n=1 2 3 y)

30
Á log`(aû+3) aÇ+0)
k=1

log`a -10 log`a -1 log`a Á-10

✔ log`a Á-1 log`a Á
30 30 aû*Á aª a a aÁ
Á log`(aû+3)= Á log` =log` +log` +log` +y+log`
k=1 k=1 aû aÁ aª a a
aª a a aÁ aÁ
=log`{ ´ ´ ´y´ }=log` =log`a Á-1
aÁ aª a a aÁ

289
 1.
{aÇ}
1 2 3 y

Ú
Û
Ü n n

n
Ú n
Û n
Ü n
n
1 n SÇ SÇ= Á aû Û aû k
k=1

1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 y 110
1
1 2 3 4 5 y

(1) (1 2) (1 2 3) (1 2 3 4) (1 2 3 4 5) y
n n 1 n
n(n+1) n
1+2+3+y+n= Á k=
k=1 2
14´15
1 14 =105 1 15
2
15´16
=120 110 15 5
2
110 5

290
 1
(1) (3 3) (5 5 5) (7 7 7 7) y

25 a b a+b
50

1 2 ` 3 4 y ` n
(1) (3 3) (5 5 5) (7 7 7 7) y (2n-1 2n-1 y 2n-1)
n
n 1 3 5 7 y
2n-1
25=2n-1 n=13 25 13
n n 1 n
n n(n+1)
1+2+3+y+n= Á k=
k=1 2
12´13
1 12 =78
2
a=78+1=79 b=78+13=91
a+b=170
9´10
1 9 =45
2
50 10 5 10 2´10-1=19
n (2n-1)´n=2nÛ`-n 1 n
n
Á (2kÛ`-k)
k=1

50 S°
S° = 1 9 + 10 5
9 9 9
= Á (2kÛ`-k)+19´5=2 Á kÛ`- Á k+95
k=1 k=1 k=1

9´10´19 9´10
=2´ - +95=570-45+95=620
6 2

KEY
Point

361 100 100

100 17 100 900
1 1 3 1 3 5 1 3 5 7 y

291
 2
1
;3!; ;3@; ;4!; ;4@; ;4#; ;5!; ;5@; ;5#; ;5$; y
2

;2!0(; 100

1 2 3 y 19

{;2!;} {;3!; ;3@;} {;4!; ;4@; ;4#;} y {;2Á0; ;2ª0; y ;2!0(;} Û 1 2

2 3
;2!0(; 19
20 19
n n 1 n
n n(n+1)
1+2+3+y+n= Á k=
k=1 2
19´20
1 19 =190
2
;2!0(; 190
13´14
1 13 =91 100 14 9
2
k 9 9
n k 100 =
n+1 14+1 15

3
5 1 4 9 16 . . .
11 2 3 8 15
5 6 7 14
10 11 12 13
...

1Û` 2Û` 3Û` 4Û` y 11 11Û`=121

11 11 11 1 5
11 121-4=117

1
362 ;1!;
2
;1@; ;3!; ;2@; ;1#; ;4!; ;3@; ;2#; ;1$; y

;8%; 71 99 ;7*;

363 10 1 1 1 1 y
9 73 1 2 3 4
1 3 5 7
1 4 7 10
y

292
 01
1.

{aÇ}
Ú aÁ
Û aÇ aÇ Á (n=1 2 3 y)
Û n=1 2 3 y {aÇ}

{aÇ} aÁ=2 aÇ*Á=aÇ+3 (n=1 2 3 y)

aÁ=2 aª=aÁ+3=5 a =aª+3=8 a =a +3=11 y

2. 1, 2

{aÇ} n=1 2 3 y
aÇ Á-aÇ=d` d
aÇ Á aÇ=r` r
2aÇ Á=aÇ+aÇ ª aÇ Á-aÇ=aÇ ª-aÇ Á)
aÇ ÁÛ`=aÇ‌aÇ ª aÇ Á aÇ=aÇ ª aÇ Á)

{aÇ} n=1 2 3 y)
aÁ=6 aÇ Á=aÇ+2 aÁ=3 aÇ Á=2aÇ
aÇ Á=aÇ+2 aÇ Á-aÇ=2 {aÇ} 6 2
aÇ=6+(n-1)´2=2n+4
aÇ Á=2aÇ aÇ Á aÇ=2 {aÇ} 3 2
aÇ=3´2` ``

294
3.
aÇ*Á=aÇ+f(n) 3

n 1 2 3 y n-1
` aª=aÁ+f(1)
aÇ=a +f(1)+f(2)+ +f(n-1) ` a =aª+f(2)
n-1 ` a =a +f(3)
=a + Á f(k)
k=1

+ aÇ=aÇ Á+f(n-1)
aÇ=aÁ+f(1)+f(2)+y+f(n-1)

f(n) =f(n)

aÇ*Á=aÇ f(n) 4

n 1 2 3 y n-1
` aª=aÁ f(1)
aÇ=a f(1) f(2) f(3) f(n-1) ` a =aª f(2)
` a =a f(3)

_ aÇ=aÇ Á`f(n-1)
aÇ=aÁ`f(1) f(2)y f(n-1)

f(n) =f(n)

aÁ=aª=1, aÇ*ª=aÇ*Á+aÇ`(n=1 2 3 y)
aÇ*ª=aÇ*Á+aÇ n 1 2 3 y {aÇ}

295
364 {aÇ} 2 4
n=1 2 3 y)

aÁ=2 aÇ*Á=2aÇ+3 7 17 37

aÁ=1 aÇ*Á+aÇ=3 2 1 2

1
aÁ=2 aÇ*Á= ;2!; 2 ;2!;
aÇ

1 1
aÁ=;3!; = +2 ;5!; ;7!; ; !;
aÇ*Á aÇ

aÁ=5 aª=2 3aÇ*ª-2aÇ*Á-aÇ=0 2 3 ;3*;

2 1 1
aÁ=1 aª=;2!; = + ;2!; ;3!; ;4!;
aÇ*Á aÇ aÇ*ª

365 {aÇ} aÁÁ

n=1 2 3 y)

aÁ=1 aÇ*Á=aÇ+2 21

aÁ=-4 aÇ*Á-aÇ=4 36

aÁ=12 aª=9 2aÇ*Á=aÇ+aÇ*ª -18

aÁ=1 aÇ*Á=3aÇ 3``

aÇ*Á
aÁ=4 =;2!; ;25!6;
aÇ

aÁ=2 aª=-4 aÇ*ÁÛ`=aÇaÇ*ª 2048

296
 01
{aÇ} aÇ n=1 2 3 y)

aÁ=5 aÇ*Á=aÇ+8
aÁ=2 aª=6 2aÇ*Á=aÇ+aÇ*ª‌‌

aÇ*Á=aÇ+8 {aÇ} 8
5 aÇ=5+(n-1)´8=8n-3
2aÇ*Á=aÇ+aÇ*ª {aÇ} 2aÇ*Á=aÇ+aÇ*ª
2 aª-aÁ=6-2=4 aÇ*Á aÇ aÇ*ª
aÇ=2+(n-1)´4=4n-2

02
{aÇ} aÇ n=1 2 3 y)

aÁ=1 aÇ*Á=2aÇ
aÁ=4 aª=6 aÇ*ÁÛ`=aÇaÇ*ª‌‌‌

aÇ*Á=2aÇ {aÇ} 2
1 aÇ=1´2` ``=2` ``
aÇ*ÁÛ`=aÇ‌aÇ*ª {aÇ} aÇ*ÁÛ`=aÇ‌aÇ*ª
aª 6 3 aÇ*Á aÇ aÇ*ª
4 = =
aÁ 4 2
aÇ=4 {;2#;}` `

KEY
Point aÇ*Á=aÇ+d 2aÇ*Á=aÇ+aÇ*ª ( n=1 2 3 )
aÇ*Á=raÇ aÇ*ÁÛ`=aÇaÇ*ª ( n=1 2 3 )

366 {aÇ} aÁ=50 aÇ*Á+3=aÇ`(n=1 2 3 y) aû=14

k 13

367 aÁ=-5 aª=-3 aÇ*Á= aÇ+aÇ*ª (n=1 2 3 y) {aÇ}

2
20
Á aû 280
k=1

368 aÁ=1 aÇ*ÁÛ`=aÇaÇ*ª (n=1 2 3 y) {aÇ}

a¤ a aÁ aª
+ + =15 25
aÁ a a° aÁ

297
 aÇ*Á=aÇ+f(n)
03
{aÇ} aª n=1 2 3 y)

aÁ=1 aÇ*Á=aÇ+n aÁ=1 aÇ*Á=aÇ+2`

aÇ*Á=aÇ+n n 1 2 3 y 19
aª =aÁ +1
a =aª +2
a =a +3

+ aª =aÁ +19
aª =aÁ+1+2+3+y+19
19
19´20
=1+ Á k=1+ =191
k=1 2
aÇ*Á=aÇ+2` n 1 2 3 y 19
aª =aÁ +2`
a =aª +2Û`
a =a +2Ü`

+ aª =aÁ +2``
aª =aÁ+(2`+2Û`+2Ü`+y+2``)
19
2(2``-1)
=1+ Á 2`=1+ =2Û` `-1
k=1 2-1

KEY
Point aÇ*Á=aÇ+f(n) (n=1 2 3 )
n 1 2 3 n-1

369 {aÇ} aÁ=1 aÇ*Á=aÇ+3`-1 (n=1 2 3 y) aÁ

;2!;(3``-19)

1
aÇ aÁ aª
370 {aÇ} aÁ=3 aÇ Á=aÇ+
n(n+1)
(n=1 2 3 y) aª
;2&0(;

371 {aÇ} aÁ=5 aÇ Á=aÇ+2n (n=1 2 3 y) aû=115

k 11

298
 aÇ*Á=aÇ f(n)
04

n+3
{aÇ} aÁ=1 aÇ Á= aÇ (n=1 2 3 y) aª
n+1

{aÇ} aÁ=1 aÇ Á=2`aÇ (n=1 2 3 y) aû=2Ü``

k

n+3
aÇ Á= aÇ n 1 2 3 y 28 aÇ Á=2`aÇ n 1 2 3 y n-1
n+1

aª=2aÁ
aª=;2$;aÁ
a =2Û`aª
a =;3%;aª a =2Ü`a

a =;4^;a _ aÇ=2` ``aÇÐÁ

aÇ‌
‌=aÁ(2`´2Û`´2Ü`´y´2` ``
=21+2+3+y+(n-1)
aª =;2#8; aª (n-1)n
=2 2
(k-1)k
_} aª =;2#9!; aª aû=2Ü`` 2 2 =2Ü``
30 31 (k-1)k =36
aª =;2$;´;3%;´;4^;´y´ ´ ´aÁ 2
28 29
30´31 kÛ`-k-72=0
=
6 (k-9)(k+8)=0
=155 k=9 k

KEY
Point aÇ*Á=aÇ‌f(n) (n=1 2 3 )
n 1 2 3 n-1

1
372 {aÇ} aÁ=2 aÇ={1-
nÛ`
}`aÇÐÁ`(n=2 3 4 y) aª

;2@0!;

373 aÁ=2, aÇ Á= n aÇ`(n=1, 2, 3, y) {aÇ} aû= 1

n+1 15
k 30

299
 SÇ {aÇ}
05
{aÇ} n SÇ
aÁ=1 SÇ=4aÇ-3 (n=1 2 3 y)
aÁ

SÇ=4aÇ-3 (n=1 2 3 y) SÇ*Á=4aÇ*Á-3

aÇ*Á=SÇ*Á-SÇ (n=1 2 3 y)
aÇ*Á=4aÇ*Á-3-(4aÇ-3) aÇ*Á=4aÇ*Á-4aÇ

aÇ*Á=;3$;aÇ

{aÇ} aÁ=1 ;3$;

aÇ={;3$;}` ` aÁ ={;3$;}`

06
10
3
20
2
n aÇ

aÁ aª aÇ aÇ*Á

a =20 a =aÁ_;2#;=20_;2#;=30

3
20
2

aÇ*Á=;2#; aÇ (n=1 2 3 19)

374 {aÇ} n SÇ
1
aÁ= SÇ=-aÇ+n (n=1 2 3 y)
2
aÁ 1-{;2!;}``

375 5 100 g 20 g 20 g
= _100 n aÇ‌

=
100
_ aÁ aª a =4 a =:Á5¤: aÇ aÇ*Á aÇ*Á=;5$; aÇ

300
STEP 1
344 {aÇ} aª=2aÁ aÇ*ª-2aÇ*Á+aÇ=0 (n=1 2 3 y)
aÁ¼=20 a¤ 12
aÇ*ª-2aÇ*Á+aÇ=0 2aÇ*Á=aÇ+aÇ*ª {aÇ}
aª-aÁ=2aÁ-aÁ=aÁ aÇ=aÁ+(n-1)´aÁ=naÁ
aÁ¼=20 10aÁ=20 aÁ=2 a¤=2´6=12

345 {aÇ} aÁ=1 aª=3 aÇ*ÁÛ`=aÇaÇ*ª`(n=1 2 3 y) aÇ*ÁÛ`=aÇaÇ*ª

log£`aÁ¼ 9 {aÇ}
aÇ*ÁÛ`=aÇaÇ*ª {aÇ}
aª
=3 aÇ=1´3Ç` ÑÚ`=3Ç` ÑÚ` log£`aÁ¼=log£`3á`=9
aÁ

1
346 {aÇ} aÁ=;4!; aÇ*Á=aÇ+
(3n-2)(3n+1)
`(n=1 2 3 y)

aÁ¥ ;2!6%;
1 1 1
aÇ*Á=aÇ+ =aÇ+;3!;{ - }
(3n-2)(3n+1) 3n-2 3n+1
n 1 2 3 y 17
1 1 1 15
aÁ¥=aÁ+;3!;[{1-;4!;}+{;4!;-;7!;}+{;7!;-;1Á0;}+y+{ - }]=;4!;+;3!;{1- }=
49 52 52 26
347 {aÇ} aÁ=4 'Än+1 aÇ*Á='§n aÇ (n=1 2 3 y)
aÁ¤ 1
'n
aÇ*Á= aÇ n 1 2 3 y 15
'Än+1
'1 '2 '3 '1Œ5 '1
aÁ¤= ´ ´ ´y´ aÁ= aÁ=;4!;´4=1
'2 '3 '4 '1Œ6 '1Œ6

348 {aÇ} n SÇ SÇ=3-2aÇ aÇ*Á=SÇ*Á-SÇ

10 (n=1 2 3 y)
(n=1 2 3 y) Á ;3!; aû 1-{;3@;}Ú`â`
k=1
aÇ*Á=SÇ*Á-SÇ (n=1 2 3 y) aÇ*Á=3-2aÇ*Á-(3-2aÇ)=-2aÇ*Á+2aÇ aÇ*Á=;3@;aÇ
aÁ=SÁ=3-2aÁ aÁ=1
10 10 2 Ú`â`
Á ;3!;aû=;3!; Á {;3@;}û` ÑÚ`=1-{ }
k=1 k=1 3

349 100`L
30`L 5
245
L
4
n aÇ L aÇ*Á=;2!; aÇ+30
1 1 125
aÁ= ´100+30=80 aª= aÁ+30=70 a£=;2!; aª+30=65 a¢=;2!; a£+30=
2 2 2
245
a°=;2!; a¢+30=
4
350 aÁ=1 aÇ*Á=3aÇ+1 (n=1 2 3 y) {aÇ} aÁ£ n=1 2 3
;2!;(3Ú`Ü`-1) y 12

n=1 2 3 y 12 aÇ*Á=3aÇ+1
aª=3aÁ+1=3+1 a£=3aª+1=3Û`+3+1 a¢=3a£+1=3Ü`+3Û`+3+1 y
1´(3Ú`Ü`-1)
aÁ£=3aÁª+1=3Ú`Û`+3Ú`Ú`+3Ú`â`+y+3+1= =;2!;(3Ú`Ü`-1)
3-1

301
STEP 2
1
351 {aÇ} aÁ='2 aÇ*Á=aÇ+
'Än+2+'Än+1
`(n=1 2 3 y)

aÇ>10 n 100
1
aÇ*Á-aÇ= ='Än+2-'Än+1
'Än+2+'Än+1
n 1 2 3 y n-1 aÇ-aÁ='Än+1-'2 aÇ='Än+1
aÇ='Än+1>10 n+1>100 n>99
352 {aÇ} aÁ='2, aÇ*Á=('2)Ç`aÇ (n=1, 2, 3, y) , n 1 2 3 y n-1

aû=2Û`Ü` k 10
aÇ*Á=('2 )Ç`aÇ n 1 2 3 y n-1
1+2+3+y+(n-1) nÛ`-n+2
aÇ‌‌='2´('2 )Û`´('2 )Ü`´y´('2 )Ç` ÑÚ`´aÁ=('2 ) ´'2=('2 ) 2

kÛ`-k+2
aû=2Û`Ü` ('2 ) 2
=2Û`Ü`=('2)Ý`ß` k=10
n-1 11
1
353
n-1
{aÇ} aÁ=1 aÇ= Á aû (n¾2) Á Á aû=SÇÐÁ
k=1 n=1 aÇ k=1

3-{;2!;}á`
aÇ=SÇ-SÇÐÁ (n=2 3 4 y) aÇ=aÇ*Á-aÇ aÇ*Á=2aÇ (n¾2)
{aÇ} aÁ=1 aª=SÁ=1 2 aÁ=1 aÇ=2Ç` ÑÛ` (n¾2)
11 1 1 1 1 á`
Á =1+{1+;2!;+ +y+ }=3-{ }
n=1 aÇ 2Û` 2á` 2
354 {aÇ} aÁ=1 aª=1 aÇ*ª=aÇ+aÇ*Á (n=1 2 3 y) n 1 2 3 y 8

aÁ¼

21 34 ✔ 55 89 144
n 1 2 3 y 8
a£=aÁ+aª=1+1=2 a¢=aª+a£=1+2=3 a°=a£+a¢=2+3=5 a¤=a¢+a°=3+5=8
a¦=a°+a¤=5+8=13 a¥=a¤+a¦=8+13=21 a»=a¦+a¥=13+21=34 aÁ¼=a¥+a»=21+34=55

355 {aÇ} aª=4, a¤=356 aÇ*Á=aÇ+3Ç` -p (n=1, 2, 3, y)

p 2
n 2 3 4 5
a£=aª+3Û`-p=13-p a¢=a£+3Ü`-p=40-2p a°=a¢+3Ý`-p=121-3p a¤=a°+3Þ`-p=364-4p
a¤=364-4p=356 p=2

356
aÇ
{aÇ} aÁ=2 aÇÐÁxÛ`-aÇx+1=0 (n=2 3 4 y) a+b=
aÇÐÁ
a b 3a-ab+3b=1 a° ab=
1
aÇÐÁ
;2!7$;
aÇ` 1
ab= a+b=
aÇÐÁ aÇÐÁ
aÇ` 1
3a-ab+3b=3(a+b)-ab=3´ - =1 aÇ=;3!;aÇÐÁ+;3!;
aÇÐÁ aÇÐÁ

357 {aÇ} n 2 3 4 5 aª=1 a£=;3@; a¢=;9%; a°=;2!7$;

aÁ=1 aª=2
aÇ aÇЪ aÇÐÁ 4 ( n¾3)

m
Á aû=166 m 123
k=1
aÁ=1 aª=2 a£
a£=3 a¢=1 a°=0 a¤=1 a¦=1 a¥=2 y
6 6n
n aÇ=aÇ*¤ Á aû=8 Á aû=8n
k=1 k=1
120
Á aû=aÁ+aª+a£+y+aÁª¼=160 aÁªÁ=aÁ=1 aÁªª=aª=2 aÁª£=a£=3
302
k=1
m
Á aû=166 m 123
k=1
358 {aÇ} n SÇ
aÇ*Á‌ =SÇ*Á-SÇ
aÁ=1 aª=3
[ +>³ aÇ‌ =SÇ-SÇÐÁ
(SÇ*Á-SÇÐÁ)Û`=4aÇaÇ*Á+4 (n=2 3 4 y) aÇ*Á+aÇ=SÇ*Á-SÇÐÁ
aª¼ aÁ<aª<a£<y<aÇ<aÇ*Á<y)

✔ 39 43 47 51 55
(aÇ*Á+aÇ)Û`=4aÇaÇ*Á+4 (aÇ*Á-aÇ)Û`=4
aÇ*Á>aÇ aÇ*Á-aÇ=2 (n¾2)
{aÇ} 1 2 aª¼=1+(20-1)´2=39

359 {aÇ} aÁ=2 a>0 a+1 x>0 y>0

logª`aÇ*Á=1+logª`aÇ (n¾1)
logŒ`a=1
aÁ_aª_a£_y_a¥=2û` k logŒ`x+logŒ`y=logŒ`xy

✔ 36 40 44 48 52
logª`aÇ*Á=logª`2+logª`aÇ=logª`2aÇ‌ ‌ aÇ*Á=2aÇ
{aÇ} aÁ=2 2
8´9
aÁ_aª_a£_y_a¥=2Ú`_2Û`_2Ü`_y_2à`_2¡`=21+2+3+y+8=2 2 =2Ü`ß` k=36
n

360 {aÇ} Á aû=SÇ

k=1

aÁ=2 aª=4 2SÇ=SÇ*Á+SÇÐÁ-2n (n=2 3 4 y)

aÁ¼ 92
2SÇ=SÇ*Á+SÇÐÁ-2n (SÇ*Á-SÇ)-(SÇ-SÇÐÁ`)=2n aÇ*Á-aÇ=2n
n 1 2 3 y 9 aÁ¼-aÁ=2´1+2´2+2´3+y+2´9
9´10
aÁ¼=aÁ+2(1+2+y+9)=2+2´ =92
2
n
nÛ`
361 {aÇ} Á aû=SÇ
k=1
SÁ=1 SÇ=
nÛ`-1
SÇÐÁ (n¾2)

aÁª ;7Á8;
n´n
SÇ= SÇÐÁ n 2 3 4 y n
(n-1)(n+1)
2n 2n 24 1
SÇ= SÁ= aÁª=SÁª-SÁÁ= -;1@2@;=
n+1 n+1 13 78
362 {aÇ} aÇÐÁ aÇ*Á=aÇ aÇ*ª
n=2 3 4 y
aÁ=1 aª=2 a£=4
[ aÇ
aÇÐÁaÇ*Á=aÇaÇ*ª (n=2 3 4 y) - n=2 3 4 5 6
20 a¢=2 a°=1 a¤=2 a¦=4 a¥=2
Á aû 45
k=1
{aÇ} 1 2 4 2 1 2 4 2 y
20
Á aû‌
‌=aÁ+aª+y+aª¼=(aÁ+aª+a£+a¢)+(a°+a¤+a¦+a¥)+y+(aÁ¦+aÁ¥+aÁ»+aª¼)
k=1
=5´(1+2+4+2)=45

363 10
10

21 34 55 ✔ 89 144
n aÇ
1 2 aÁ=1 aª=2
aÇ*ª=aÇ+aÇ*Á
aÁ=1 aª=2 a£=3 a¢=5 a°=8 a¤=13 a¦=21 a¥=34 a»=55 aÁ¼=89

303
 02
1. 7~9

n p(n) n

Ú n=1 p(n)
Û n=k p(n) n=k+1 p(n)

p(n) p(n+1) p(n)

n 1+3+5+y+(2n-1)=nÛ` yy

Ú n=1 =1 =1Û`=1
Û n=k
1+3+5+y+(2k-1)=kÛ` yy
2k+1
1+3+5+y+(2k-1)+(2k+1)=kÛ`+(2k+1)=(k+1)Û` yy
n k+1 n=k+1
Ú Û n
Ú n=1
n=1 Û n=1+1=2
n=2 Û n=2+1=3
n=4 5 6 y
n
Ú Û n

n p(n) n¾m (m n

Ú n=m p(n)
Û n=k`(k¾m) p(n) n=k+1 p(n)

304
07
n p(n) p(n) p(n+1)
p(n+3) n p(n)

p(1) p(2)
p(1) p(3)
p(2) p(3)
p(1) p(2) p(3)
p(1) p(2) p(4)

p(n) p(n+1) p(n+3)

p(1) p(2) p(4)
p(2) p(3) p(5)
p(3) p(4) p(6)

p(1) p(2) p(3) n p(n)

n p(n)

376 n p(n)

p(1)
p(2k-1) p(3k)
p(2k) p(3k+1)

p(12) p(13) p(14) p(15) ✔ p(16)

377 n p(n) p(n) p(n+1)

p(n+2) n p(n)

✔ p(1) p(2)
p(1) p(3)
p(2) p(3)
p(1) p(2)
p(1) p(3)

305
 08
n

1´2+2´3+3´4+y+n(n+1)=;3!;n(n+1)(n+2)

n n(n+1) n=k+1
(k+1)(k+2)

1
1´2+2´3+3´4+y+n(n+1)= n(n+1)(n+2) yy
3
Ú n=1

=1´2=2 =;3!;´1´2´3=2

= n=1
Û n=k

1´2+2´3+3´4+y+k(k+1)=;3!;k(k+1)(k+2) yy

(k+1)(k+2)
1´2+2´3+3´4+y+k(k+1)+(k+1)(k+2)

=;3!;k(k+1)(k+2)+(k+1)(k+2)

=;3!;(k+1)(k+2)(k+3)

=;3!;(k+1){(k+1)+1}{(k+1)+2} yy

n=k+1
Ú Û n

KEY
Point
Ú n=1 p(n)
Û n=k p(n) n=k+1 p(n)

(k+1)Û`
1
(2k+1)(2k+3)

378 n

1
1Û`+2Û`+3Û`+y+nÛ`= n(n+1)(2n+1)
6
1 1 1 1 n
+ + +y+ =
1´3 3´5 5´7 (2n-1)(2n+1) 2n+1

306
 09
h>0 n¾2 n

(1+h)Ç``>1+nh

(1+h)Ç` >1+nh yy
Ú n=2
=(1+h)Û`=1+2h+hÛ` =1+2h
hÛ`>0 n=2
Û n=k (k¾2)
(1+h)û` >1+kh
1+h>0 1+h
(1+h)û`(1+h)>(1+kh)(1+h)
=1+(k+1)h+khÛ`
>1+(k+1)h
(1+h)û` ±Ú`>1+(k+1)h
n=k+1
Ú Û n¾2 n

KEY
Point p(n) n¾m (m 2 n Ú
Û
Ú n=m p(n)
Û n=k(k¾m) p(n) n=k+1 p(n)

379 2
1
n¾5 n 2Ç`>nÛ` (k+1)Û`

1 1 1
n¾2 n 1+ + +y+ <2-;n!;
2Û` 3Û` nÛ`

307
STEP 1
364 n p(n) p(n+3) ,

p(1) p(13) p(9) p(12)

p(12) p(15)
p(2) p(20)
p(9) p(3) p(3)

365 n p(n) , p(1) p(n)

p(2n) p(3n)

n=2 a3 b(a b=0 1

p(1) 2 y) p(n)

p(n) p(2n) p(3n)

p(24) ✔ p(30) p(36) p(48) p(96)

p(30)=p(2´3´5)

366 n Ú n=1 p(n)

1´2+2´2Û`+3´2Ü`+y+n´2Ç`=(n-1)´2Ç` ±Ú`+2 yy
Û n=k p(n)

n=k+1
p(n)
Ú n=1
=1´2=2 =(1-1)´2Û`+2=2
n=1
Û n=k
1´2+2´2Û`+3´2Ü`+y+k´2û`=(k-1)´2û `±Ú`+2 yy

1´2+2´2Û`+3´2Ü`+y+k´2û`+
=(k-1)´2û` ±Ú`+2+
= ´2û `±Û`+2
n=k+1
Ú Û n

(k+1)´2û` ±Ú` k

308
STEP 2
367 n 9Ç`-1 8

Ú n=1 9-1=8 9Ç `-1 8

Û n=k 9Ç `-1 8
9û` -1=8N N
n=k+1 9û` ±Ú`-1= _9û` -1= _(9û` +N
n=k+1 9Ç `-1 8
Ú Û n 9Ç `-1 8

9 8

368 n¾2 n p(n) n¾m(m

2
1
{1+ +;3!;+y+;n!;}(1+2+3+y+n)>nÛ` yy n
2

Ú n=m
p(n)
n(n+1) Û n=k (k¾m)
2 p(n)
2n n=k+1
1+;2!;+;3!;+y+;n!;> yy
n+1 p(n)
n¾2 n
Ú n=2 = =;3$;

Û n=k (k¾2) n(n+1)

1+2+3+y+n=
2
2k
1+;2!;+;3!;+y+;k!;> yy n(n+1)
k+1 2
1
k+1
1 2k+1
1+;2!;+;3!;+y+;k!;+ >
k+1 k+1
2k+1 k
- = >0
k+1 (k+1)(k+2)
1
1+;2!;+;3!;+y+;k!;+ >
k+1
n=k+1
Ú Û n¾2 n

p f(k) 8p_f(10)

14 16 18 20 ✔ 22
2k+2
p=;2#; f(k)= 8p_f(10)=8_;2#;_;1@2@;=22
309
k+2
 1
369 {aÇ} aÇ aÇ=1+ +;3!;+y+;n!;
2
n¾2
aû*Á=aû+
1
k+1
n n+aÁ+aª+a£+y+aÇÐÁ=naÇ yy

Ú n=2 =2+aÁ=3 =2aª=2(1+ =3

Û n=k (k¾2)
k+aÁ+aª+a£+y+aûÐÁ=kaû
(k+1)+aÁ+aª+a£+y+aûÐÁ+aû‌‌
=kaû+ =(k+1)(aû*Á- +1=(k+1)aû*Á
n=k+1
Ú Û n¾2 n

1
;2!; aû+1
k+1

370 n n=k+1

2n-1 1
;2!;_;4#;_;6%;_y_ É
2n '3Än+1

1
Ú n=1 ;2!;É
'4
Û n=k
2k-1 2k+1
;2!;_;4#;_;6%;_y_ _
2k 2k+2
1 2k+1 1 1 1 1
É ´ = ´ = ´
'3Äk+1 2k+2 '3Äk+1 1+ '3Äk+1 ¿(¹1+ )Û`
1
=
¿3¹k+1+2(3k+1)´( )¹+(3k+1)´( )Û`
1 1
< =
¿3¹k+1+2(3k+1)´( )¹+( )´( )Û` '3Ä(k+1)+1
n=k+1
Ú Û n

f(k) g(k)
f(4)_g(13)

1 2 ✔ 3 4 5
1
f(k)= g(k)=2k+1 f(4)_g(13)=;9!;´27=3
2k+1

310
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1.0 0000 0043 0086 0128 0170 0212 0253 0294 0334 0374
1.1 0414 0453 0492 0531 0569 0607 0645 0682 0719 0755
1.2 0792 0828 0864 0899 0934 0969 1004 1038 1072 1106
1.3 1139 1173 1206 1239 1271 1303 1335 1367 1399 1430
1.4 1461 1492 1523 1553 1584 1614 1644 1673 1703 1732
1.5 1716 1790 1818 1847 1875 1903 1931 1959 1987 2014
1.6 2041 2068 2095 2122 2148 2175 2201 2227 2253 2279
1.7 2304 2330 2355 2380 2405 2430 2455 2480 2504 2529
1.8 2553 2577 2601 2625 2648 2672 2695 2718 2742 2765
1.9 2788 2810 2833 2856 2878 2900 2923 2945 2967 2989
2.0 3010 3032 3054 3075 3096 3118 3139 3160 3181 3201
2.1 3222 3243 3263 3284 3304 3324 3345 3365 3385 3404
2.2 3424 3444 3464 3483 3502 3522 3541 3560 3579 3598
2.3 3617 3636 3655 3674 3692 3711 3729 3747 3766 3784
2.4 3802 3820 3838 3856 3874 3892 3909 3927 3945 3962
2.5 3979 3997 4014 4031 4048 4065 4082 4099 4116 4133
2.6 4150 4166 4183 4200 4216 4232 4249 4265 4281 4298
2.7 4314 4330 4346 4362 4378 4393 4409 4425 4440 4456
2.8 4472 4487 4502 4518 4533 4548 4564 4579 4594 4609
2.9 4624 4639 4654 4669 4683 4698 4713 4728 4742 4757
3.0 4771 4786 4800 4814 4829 4843 4857 4871 4886 4900
3.1 4914 4928 4942 4955 4969 4983 4997 5011 5024 5038
3.2 5051 5065 5079 5092 5105 5119 5132 5145 5159 5172
3.3 5185 5198 5211 5224 5237 5250 5263 5276 5289 5302
3.4 5315 5328 5340 5353 5366 5378 5391 5403 5416 5428
3.5 5441 5453 5465 5478 5490 5502 5514 5527 5539 5551
3.6 5563 5575 5587 5599 5611 5623 5635 5647 5658 5670
3.7 5682 5694 5705 5717 5729 5740 5752 5763 5775 5786
3.8 5798 5809 5821 5832 5843 5855 5866 5877 5888 5899
3.9 5911 5922 5933 5944 5955 5966 5977 5988 5999 6010
4.0 6021 6031 6042 6053 6064 6075 6085 6096 6107 6117
4.1 6128 6138 6149 6160 6170 6180 6191 6201 6212 6222
4.2 6232 6243 6253 6263 6274 6284 6294 6304 6314 6325
4.3 6335 6345 6355 6365 6375 6385 6395 6405 6415 6425
4.4 6435 6444 6454 6464 6474 6484 6493 6503 6513 6522
4.5 6532 6542 6551 6561 6571 6580 6590 6599 6609 6618
4.6 6628 6637 6646 6656 6665 6675 6684 6693 6702 6712
4.7 6721 6730 6739 6749 6758 6767 6776 6785 6794 6803
4.8 6812 6821 6830 6839 6848 6857 6866 6875 6884 6893
4.9 6902 6911 6920 6928 6937 6946 6955 6964 6972 6981
5.0 6990 6998 7007 7016 7024 7033 7042 7050 7059 7067
5.1 7076 7084 7093 7101 7110 7118 7126 7135 7143 7152
5.2 7160 7168 7177 7185 7193 7202 7210 7218 7226 7235
5.3 7243 7251 7259 7267 7275 7284 7292 7300 7308 7316
5.4 7324 7332 7340 7348 7356 7364 7372 7380 7388 7396

311
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
5.5 7404 7412 7419 7427 7435 7443 7451 7459 7466 7474
5.6 7482 7490 7497 7505 7513 7520 7528 7536 7543 7551
5.7 7559 7566 7574 7582 7589 7597 7604 7612 7619 7627
5.8 7634 7642 7649 7657 7664 7672 7679 7686 7694 7701
5.9 7709 7716 7723 7731 7738 7745 7752 7760 7767 7774
6.0 7782 7789 7796 7803 7810 7818 7825 7832 7839 7846
6.1 7853 7860 7868 7875 7882 7889 7896 7903 7910 7917
6.2 7924 7931 7938 7945 7952 7959 7966 7973 7980 7987
6.3 7993 8000 8007 8014 8021 8028 8035 8041 8048 8055
6.4 8062 8069 8075 8082 8089 8096 8102 8109 8116 8122
6.5 8129 8136 8142 8149 8156 8162 8169 8176 8182 8189
6.6 8195 8202 8209 8215 8222 8228 8235 8241 8248 8254
6.7 8261 8267 8274 8280 8287 8293 8299 8306 8312 8319
6.8 8325 8331 8338 8344 8351 8357 8363 8370 8376 8382
6.9 8388 8395 8401 8407 8414 8420 8426 8432 8439 8445
7.0 8451 8457 8463 8470 8476 8482 8488 8494 8500 8506
7.1 8513 8519 8525 8531 8537 8543 8549 8555 8561 8567
7.2 8573 8579 8585 8591 8597 8603 8609 8615 8621 8627
7.3 8633 8639 8645 8651 8657 8663 8669 8675 8681 8686
7.4 8692 8698 8704 8710 8716 8722 8727 8733 8739 8745
7.5 8751 8756 8762 8768 8774 8779 8785 8791 8797 8802
7.6 8808 8814 8820 8825 8831 8837 8842 8848 8854 8859
7.7 8865 8871 8876 8882 8887 8893 8899 8904 8910 8915
7.8 8921 8927 8932 8938 8943 8949 8954 8960 8965 8971
7.9 8976 8982 8987 8993 8998 9004 9009 9015 9020 9025
8.0 9031 9036 9042 9047 9053 9058 9063 9069 9074 9079
8.1 9085 9090 9096 9101 9106 9112 9117 9122 9128 9133
8.2 9138 9143 9149 9154 9159 9165 9170 9175 9180 9186
8.3 9191 9196 9201 9206 9212 9217 9222 9227 9232 9238
8.4 9243 9248 9253 9258 9263 9269 9274 9279 9284 9289
8.5 9294 9299 9304 9309 9315 9320 9325 9330 9335 9340
8.6 9345 9350 9355 9360 9365 9370 9375 9380 9385 9390
8.7 9395 9400 9405 9410 9415 9420 9425 9430 9435 9440
8.8 9445 9450 9455 9460 9465 9469 9474 9479 9484 9489
8.9 9494 9499 9504 9509 9513 9518 9523 9528 9533 9538
9.0 9542 9547 9552 9557 9562 9566 9571 9576 9581 9586
9.1 9590 9595 9600 9605 9609 9614 9619 9624 9628 9633
9.2 9638 9643 9647 9652 9657 9661 9666 9671 9675 9680
9.3 9685 9689 9694 9699 9703 9708 9713 9717 9722 9727
9.4 9731 9736 9741 9745 9750 9754 9759 9763 9768 9773
9.5 9777 9782 9786 9791 9795 9800 9805 9809 9814 9818
9.6 9823 9827 9832 9836 9841 9845 9850 9854 9859 9863
9.7 9868 9872 9877 9881 9886 9890 9894 9899 9903 9908
9.8 9912 9917 9921 9926 9930 9934 9939 9943 9948 9952
9.9 9956 9961 9965 9969 9974 9978 9983 9987 9991 9996

312
 sin cos tan sin cos tan
0ù 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 45ù 0.7854 0.7071 0.7071 1.0000
1ù 0.0175 0.0715 0.9998 0.0175 46ù 0.8029 0.7193 0.6947 1.0355
2ù 0.0349 0.0349 0.9994 0.0349 47ù 0.8203 0.7314 0.6820 1.0724
3ù 0.0524 0.0523 0.9986 0.0524 48ù 0.8378 0.7431 0.6691 1.1106
4ù 0.0698 0.0698 0.9976 0.0699 49ù 0.8552 0.7547 0.6561 1.1504
5ù 0.0873 0.0872 0.9962 0.0875 50ù 0.8727 0.7660 0.6428 1.1918
6ù 0.1047 0.1045 0.9945 0.1051 51ù 0.8901 0.7771 0.6293 1.2349
7ù 0.1222 0.1219 0.9925 0.1228 52ù 0.9076 0.7880 0.6157 1.2799
8ù 0.1396 0.1392 0.9903 0.1405 53ù 0.9250 0.7986 0.6018 1.3270
9ù 0.1571 0.1564 0.9877 0.1584 54ù 0.9425 0.8090 0.5878 1.3764
10ù 0.1745 0.1736 0.9848 0.1763 55ù 0.9599 0.8192 0.5736 1.4281
11ù 0.1920 0.1908 0.9816 0.1944 56ù 0.9774 0.8290 0.5592 1.4826
12ù 0.2094 0.2079 0.9781 0.2126 57ù 0.9948 0.8387 0.5446 1.5399
13ù 0.2269 0.2250 0.9744 0.2309 58ù 1.0123 0.8480 0.5299 1.6003
14ù 0.2443 0.2419 0.9703 0.2493 59ù 1.0297 0.8572 0.5150 1.6643
15ù 0.2618 0.2588 0.9659 0.2679 60ù 1.0472 0.8660 0.5000 1.7321
16ù 0.2793 0.2756 0.9613 0.2867 61ù 1.0647 0.8746 0.4848 1.8040
17ù 0.2967 0.2924 0.9563 0.3057 62ù 1.0821 0.8829 0.4695 1.8807
18ù 0.3142 0.3090 0.9511 0.3249 63ù 1.0996 0.8910 0.4540 1.9626
19ù 0.3316 0.3256 0.9455 0.3443 64ù 1.1170 0.8988 0.4384 2.0503
20ù 0.3491 0.3420 0.9397 0.3640 65ù 1.1345 0.9063 0.4226 2.1445
21ù 0.3665 0.3584 0.9336 0.3839 66ù 1.1519 0.9135 0.4067 2.2460
22ù 0.3840 0.3746 0.9272 0.4040 67ù 1.1694 0.9205 0.3907 2.3559
23ù 0.4014 0.3907 0.9205 0.4245 68ù 1.1868 0.9272 0.3746 2.4751
24ù 0.4189 0.4067 0.9135 0.4452 69ù 1.2043 0.9336 0.3584 2.6051
25ù 0.4363 0.4226 0.9063 0.4663 70ù 1.2217 0.9397 0.3420 2.7475
26ù 0.4538 0.4384 0.8988 0.4877 71ù 1.2392 0.9455 0.3256 2.9042
27ù 0.4712 0.4540 0.8910 0.5095 72ù 1.2566 0.9511 0.3090 3.0777
28ù 0.4887 0.4695 0.8829 0.5317 73ù 1.2741 0.9563 0.2924 3.2709
29ù 0.5061 0.4848 0.8746 0.5543 74ù 1.2915 0.9613 0.2756 3.4874
30ù 0.5236 0.5000 0.8660 0.5774 75ù 1.3090 0.9659 0.2588 3.7321
31ù 0.5411 0.5150 0.8572 0.6009 76ù 1.3265 0.9703 0.2419 4.0108
32ù 0.5585 0.5299 0.8480 0.6249 77ù 1.3439 0.9744 0.2250 4.3315
33ù 0.5760 0.5446 0.8387 0.6494 78ù 1.3614 0.9781 0.2079 4.7046
34ù 0.5934 0.5592 0.8290 0.6745 79ù 1.3788 0.9816 0.1908 5.1446
35ù 0.6109 0.5736 0.8192 0.7002 80ù 1.3963 0.9848 0.1736 5.6713
36ù 0.6283 0.5878 0.8090 0.7265 81ù 1.4137 0.9877 0.1564 6.3138
37ù 0.6458 0.6018 0.7986 0.7536 82ù 1.4312 0.9903 0.1392 7.1154
38ù 0.6632 0.6157 0.7880 0.7813 83ù 1.4486 0.9925 0.1219 8.1443
39ù 0.6807 0.6293 0.7771 0.8098 84ù 1.4661 0.9945 0.1045 9.5144
40ù 0.6981 0.6428 0.7660 0.8391 85ù 1.4835 0.9962 0.0872 11.4301
41ù 0.7156 0.6561 0.7547 0.8693 86ù 1.5010 0.9976 0.0698 14.3007
42ù 0.7330 0.6691 0.7431 0.9004 87ù 1.5184 0.9986 0.0523 19.0811
43ù 0.7505 0.6820 0.7314 0.9325 88ù 1.5359 0.9994 0.0349 28.6363
44ù 0.7679 0.6947 0.7193 0.9657 89ù 1.5533 0.9998 0.0175 57.2900
45ù 0.7854 0.7071 0.7071 1.0000 90ù 1.5708 1.0000 0.0000 ¦

313
 3+3'3i 3-3'3i 1
1 -3 {;3!;}Ü`= 5â`=1
2 2 27
-3 3 -3i 3i 28 4 -3 3 -4
2 2 2 -3 -3 -0.2 3
29 ;9!; ;6Á4; 2 1
3 3 ;2!; 8 '3 3 ;2!; 30 x>-4 x>0 x+1
4 '6 2 31 -;3@; 3 ;2Á7; 2 8
5
32 1
6 -1 1 1 81
33 15
7
60
Û`Ý aÝ`bÜ` 1 aÚ`á`
34 1 0 1 0
8 A<C<B
35 2 1 2
9 1 16 ;9!; 17 36 a+b a+2b 1-a 2b-3a

10 8 5 ;3!; 4 16 4096 37 ;4#; -;3!; 5 81

11 a
;6%; logÁ¼`2 3`logÁ¼`2 2
38
logÁ¼`7 logÁ¼`3 logÁ¼`3
12 4096 52'5 81 45
39 ;2(; -2
13 ;2!; 6 18
40 1 1 2 ;2!;
14 ;2!;
41 ;1%8%; 2 57 3
15 ;2#;
42 2 ;3%; 8
16 a bÛ`
Á3

43 2(1-a) 3a+2b-2
17 a b
;3!; ;9@;
1
18 a-b 6 a-b-1 (b+1)
2
19 18 3x+y
44
12x
20 ;1°97;
45 ;3%;
21 6
46 1
22 - ª4Á2°
47 ;;Á3;;
23 ;6&;
48 A<B<C
24 '3 49 21
25 0
50 4 -2 -3 ;4#; ;2#; ;3@;
26 2=log¢`16 -3=logÁ¼`0.001
51 0.7126 0.8248 0.3945
0=log¢`1 1=log°`5
52 ` `2 ` `0.5587 ` `2.5587
1
=log°`'5 4=log'3`9 53 ` `0 ` `0.6149
2
27 3Ý`=81 ('2)Ý`=4 ` `3 ` `0.5593

314
 ` `-1 ` `0.9307 74 ``
` `-3 ` `0.3979 ` `{y|y>-1} `` y=-1
54 4 1 -2 0 ``
55 1.2552 0.2219 0.38905 ` `{y|y<0} ` `x ` y=0)
56 2 0.7185 ``
1 0.7185 ` `{y|y>-1} `` y=-1
-2 0.7185 ``
57 0.5729 2.5729 -1.4271 ` `{y|y>2} `` y=2
58 234 0.234 0.00234 ``
59 21 13 24 ` `{y|y>0} ` `x ` y=0)
60 61 ``
7 ` `{y|y<2} `` y=2
61 19
75 a=-;2Á7; b=2
62 23
63 -3 76 ;3@;
64 100 100 Ü'1Œ0 100 Ü'¶100
77 8
65 ;6!;
78 0.5;3!;<Ü'4< 2Ü` ;9!;<Ý ;2Á7;<Ü ;3!;
66
79 -6
67 416
80 -1
68
'2 1 81 2 9 -1 ;3!;
69 4 ;8!; 1 9
2 27
70 < 82 -2 9 3 ;2Á7;
> x ` y=0 83 ` `8 ` `1
71 1
` `16 ``
4
x ` y=0 ` `5
` `81
84 25 -1
x ` y=0 17
6
4
8 1
9
x ` y=0 2
2
43
85 2
{y|y>2} y=2 9
-2 0.5 3 2
72 Ü '3<Ý '9 {;5!;} >{;5!;}
34 -2
73 86 -2

315
87 a=-2 b=;9!; a=-1 b=;8Á1; 108 x¾-;11; x<2 -4ÉxÉ3

88 128 2 1<x<2 xÉ2 x<-2

128 8 109 -9

89 ;4!; 110 1ÉxÉ4

0<xÉ1 x¾7
90 2
x>0
91 21
1
92 11 111 - <x<2 1<x<3
3
93 x=3 x=4 x=-4 1
- <x<;6%;
x=3 x=2 x=-2 3
112 k>27 k¾-1 k¾2
94 x=1 x=1 x=-1
113 3
95 x=-5 x=1
114 2 -1 0 2 -3 0
2
96 x=5 x=-;8#; x= 115 <
9
1 17 > y ` x=0
x= x= x=25
3 4 116 `` ` `{x|x>1}
97 tÛ` t 1 2 1 2 0 1 `` `` x=1
98 x=-3 x=1 ``
x=-3 x=-2 ``
x=-1 x=2 ``
x=1 x=2 ` `y ` x=0
99 x=2 x=0 x=2 117 -1 1 x
x=2 x=-1 118 log°`y log°`x
100 1 ;1Á6; 119 2

101 x=1 x=2 120

x=-3 x=1 121 `` ` `{x|x>-2}

x=2 x=3 ``

x=3 x=4 `` x=-2

102 13
`` ` `{x|x<0}

103 3
``

104 x<2 x<-3 ` `y ` x=0)

x¾6 x¾3 `` ` `{x|x>3}

x¾4 x<-6 `` `` x=3

105 xÉ2 x>2 122 -1

x<1 x¾-1 123 y=log°(x-2)-3

106 x>-3 xÉ1 124 2<log¥`80<log¢`25

x<-1 x¾5 log;2!;`5<log;2!;`4<log;2!;`3
107 tÛ` t 1 2 1 2 0 1 125 y=log;2!; (x+3)+1

316
 x-1
y={;3!;} +2 x=;4!; x=4

126 4 x=1 x=4

127 16 x=1 x='3
128 1 148 16 4
1
129 1 0 ;2!; -1 149 x= x=10
1000
130 ;9!; 2 3 -1 x=10
x=1 x=100
131 ` `2 ` `1
150 25
` `2 ` `-1
151 8
` `0
152 10Ú`¡`
` `4
153
132 0 -2
2 1 154 0<x<8 0<xÉ;9!; x>1
133 -1
155 ;3%; > 3 x>3
134 7
156 2Éx< Á5Á x>3
135 ;2!;

136 ` `-2 ` `-3 157 2<xÉ6 ;3*;Éx<3

137 10 5
158 0 tÛ` t -2 1 -2 1 ;4!; 2 ;4!; 2
1
-2
4 1
159 <x<2 6<x<7 x>7
138 1 4

139 4
0<x<1 10<x<11

140 -2
1<x<5 1<x<5

141 10Ú`¡` 160 2<xÉ32 1<xÉ9

1
142 x=8 x=27 x=1 <x<'3
27
143 x=3 x=-3 x=7 1
0<x< x>8
2 16
x=;3@; x=12 x=-
3 1 '2
ÉxÉ3 <x<8
144 x=-1 x=-1 27 8
145 0 tÛ` t 1 1 10 1000 10 1000 161 9
146 x=-5 x=2 x=4 162
1
<x<27
3
x=20 x=0 x=1
1
x=7 x=2 ÉxÉ4
8
147 x=;1Á0; x=1000 0<xÉ5 x¾125
163 2<xÉ4 -1<x<2
x=;1Á0; x=100
164 16
1
x= x=10 165 ;4!;<a<2
100

317
166 209 183 2np+;1@2#;p n
167 2np+p n
168
2np+;3@;p n

184 6+4p
185 4p
186 25 2
'2 '2
187 - -1
2 2

188 sin` =;5#; cos` =-;5$; tan` =-;4#;

sin` =-;17; cos` =;1!7%; tan` =-;15;

169 360ù_n+70ù n
'3
360ù_n+150ù n 189 sin` = cos` =-;2!; tan` =-'3
2
360ù_n+220ù n '3 '3
sin` =-;2!; cos` =- tan` =
2 3
360ù_n+315ù n
190 sin`400ù 0 cos`400ù 0 tan`400ù 0
170 360ù_n+80ù n
360ù_n+40ù n sin`{-:Á :p}<0 cos`{-:Á :p} 0
360ù_n+80ù n
tan`{-:Á :p} 0
360ù_n+140ù n
171 3 1 sin`(-760ù) 0 cos`(-760ù) 0

2 4 tan`(-760ù) 0

172 sin`;1@0;p>0 cos`;1@0;p 0 tan`;1@0;p 0

173 2 4 191 2 4
174 1 2 4 2 4
175 150ù
192 -;6%; -3
176 3
177 45ù 135ù '3
193
3
178 ;3@;p -;4&;p ;4#;p Á6Á p 194 4
179 150ù 225ù -240ù -930ù 195 0
196 -cos`
180 2np+;6%;p n
2 1
197 2 1 2{1+ }
2np+;3$;p n tan` tan`
198 2-'5
2np+;3@;p n
'5
199
2np+;4Ò; n 5
10+6'5
200 -
181 l=;3$;p S=;3*;p l=;2Ò; S=;4#;p 15
'5
182 201 -
5

318
202 ;1!6!; p

203 -4'5 x=np`(n )

218 1
'3Œ1
204
4 219 3 -1 p
205 '2 - Á4° - Á4 ;3@;p
206 -;6%; 1

207 ;4!; 220 y=-cos`{2x+;4Ò;}-1

208 24 221 -1
209 3 -3 222 3p
2p y 3 223 y=3`cos`{x-;6Ò;}
210 {y|-1ÉyÉ1}
224 2p
y 4p x 2
225 1 0 ;2Ò;
211 3np+;2#;p 3p
1 -1 p
x=3np+;2#;p x 3 226 14

212 227 18
'3
213 ;2!; -;2!; 2p 228 30ù 30ù ;2!; ;2!; '3
2
'3 '2 '3
229 ;6Ò; - - -'3
3 2 2
2 0 4p
'2 '2
230 ;4Ò; ;4Ò; - ;2!; - '3
2 2
1 -1 2p
'2 '2
231 2 45ù 45ù -;2!; -'3
2 2
214 12 232 0.6428 0.1736 -1.1918
215 2 0 p 233 -2
234 -1
2 -2 2p
235 -;2!;

3 -1 6p 236 2Á 1

237 2
216 13 238 |t-2|+1 -1 1 t-1 -t+3 -1 4 1 2
217 ;3Ò; 239 -|t-3|+2 -1 1 -t+5 t-1 1 0
-1 -2
x=;3;p+;6Ò;`(n )
240 -1 -5
p ;2%; 1
x=np+;2Ò;`(n 6 2

319
 6 1 250 0< <;6Ò; ;6%;p< <p
241 2 251 20'2
242 3 -1 252 60ù 15'3
;3@; -2 253 4p
254 3 7 5
;4!; -2
255 2 '3 1
5 -4 256 a=b
243 ;3Ò; ;3%;p ;3Ò; ;3%;p ;3Ò; ;3%;p 257 10'2p m
258 '1§7 60ù
244 ;4Ò; ;4%;p ;4Ò; ;4%;p 0Éx<;4Ò; ;2Ò;<x<;4%;p
259 45ù

;2#;p<x<2p 260 -;2!;

245 x=;3$;p x=;3%;p 261 A=90ù

14'3
262 m
x=;4Ò; x=;4&;p x=;6Ò; x=;6&;p 3
9'2 15
263 5'3
246 x=;6Ò; x=;3Ò; 2 2
264 12 15'7
x=-;1!2!;p x=;1É2;
265 2'3 24'3
x=;3@;p x=p x=p 266 6'3 20'3
267 30ù 150ù
x=;3Ò; x=p x=;3%;p 268 16

x=;3Ò; x=;3$;p 269 Á5

247 ;2Ò;<xÉ;6%;p ;2#;p<xÉ Á6Á;;p 270 84 8° 4

271 '3
0Éx<;6%;p ;6&;p<x<2p
272 120ù
0Éx<;4Ò; ;4%;p<x<2p 273 4'2

;6Ò;ÉxÉ;2#;p 274 3 6 9 3 5 9 1 ;3!; ;5!; 0 -1 0

1
;3@;pÉxÉp 275 aÇ= aÇ=(2n-1)(2n+1)
n

;6Ò;<x<;1!2!;p aÇ=log`3Ç`

276 -12 -18 9 21 -;4!; -;4%;

248 ;6Ò;ÉxÉ;6%;p -;2Ò;<x<;6Ò;
;6!; ;3@;
0Éx<;2Ò; ;2Ò;<x<;3@;p
277 aÇ=2n aÇ=-3n+13
;4#;p<x<p 10
aÇ=;2!;n+;2!; aÇ=-;3!;n+
3
249 0É <;3@;p ;3$;p< <2p 278 3 -2

320
279 -2 3 ;4#; ;4!;
2 -7 1
;4!;
280 92 16
281 aÇ=2n-1 100 305 2 ;2!;
282 31
306 aÇ=(-2)Ç` ÑÚ` a°=16
283 28
307 162
284 18
308 6
285 3
309 9
286 3 5 7
310 270
10
287 ;5#; 311 17
11
288 30 312 12

289 200 52 100 313 2 -1 ;2!;

-570 -77 80
290 55 144 15 314 ;8!;

-195 105 -40

315 ;2!;
291 -4
11 31
292 n=18 d=;1@9); 316 242 6+7'2 61 -
2 8
3Ç`-1 1-(-1)Ç`
293 616 317 2n
2 4
294 8 -120 1-(-2)Ç` 1
;9!;[1-{ }Ç` ]
295 2990 3 10
296 3417 1023
318 511 ;2!4@3@; 315 242
1024
297 35
298 19 1-3Ú`â`
319
2
299 60
300 4 320 -1
(x+1)Û` Ç`-1
301 34 321
x+2
302 4 16 ;4!; ;8!; 2 -6 322 28

'2 323 4
-;2!; 3+2'2
4 324 9
303 aÇ=2Ç` ÑÚ` aÇ=4´(-1)Ç` ÑÚ`
325 aÇ=2´3Ç`
aÇ=3´{-;3!;}`Ç ÑÚ` aÇ=-2´{-;2#;}`Ç ÑÚ` 326 -2
327 12 6000
aÇ=2´('3)Ç` ÑÚ`
328 175
304 2 3
329 7 1000
1 ;2!;
330 94
-2 -2 331 1625

321
 n n+1 n
1 355 3'2
332 Á (2k-1) Á 2û` Á
k+1
k=1 k=1 k=1
356 9
10 5 10
Á (3k-1) Á4 Á k(k+1) 357 16
k=1 k=1 k=1
358 2 log`55
333 6+11+16+y+51
359 2036
1+3+3Û`+y+3à`
360 3Ú`Ü`+3
3+3+3+3+3 361 100 17
-1+2-3+4-5+6-7 100 900
2Ü`+2Ý`+2Þ`+y+2Ç`
362 71 ;7*;
1 1 1 1
+ + +y+ 363 73
1´2 2´3 3´4 n(n+1)
334 20 90 364 7 17 37 2 1 2 ;2!; 2 ;2!;
335 1
;5!; ;7!; ;9!; 2 3 ;3*; ;2!; ;3!; ;4!;
336 11
337 365 21 36 -18
338 40 3Ú`â`
1
2048
256
339 10
366 13
38
340 6(2Ú`â`-1) 5´{;4%;}Ú`â`+;7#;´{;4#;}Ú`â`- 367 280
7
341 120 1252 483 393 368 25
2nÛ`+5n+3 (n-1)(n+3) 369 ;2!;(3Ú`â`-19)
n(2n+1)(7n+1)
6 370 ;2&0(;
342 340 770 456 248
371 11
1
343 a= b=;2!; c=-1
2 372 ;2@0!;
a=2 b=10 c=8
373 30
344 440
374 1-{;2!;}Ú`â`
345 105
346 12 375 aÁ=4 aª= Á5 aÇ*Á=;5$; aÇ
347 2Ç` ±Ú`-n-2
376
348 360
377
349 30
378
350 3025 55
379
351 6
n 2n
352
2n+1 n+1
353 4
n
354
5(2n+5)

322
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2 33
34 25
3 5 ;2!; 3 2;3$; aÞ`
35 4 32 30
4
36
5 ;3%; 37 0

6 38
39
7 Á3
40 2
8 41
9 -8 42
10 43 -70
11 ;3!; 44 3
45 125
12 10
46 109
13 252
47 -4
14 ;1Á2;
48 6000
15 3 49 0.375
16 7 50 458
17 51
52
18 52 ;4!; 2'2-1
53
19 0
54 4
20 4
55 ª5ª
21 1
22 30 56
23 180 57
24 2'2-1 58
59 2 8
25 ;7%;
60 a=;2#; b=;2!;
26 1
27 61
62 280
28 ;2!;
63
29 2 2 5 ;4#; 64 4
65
30 13
66
31 ;2!;(2a+b-1)
67

323
68 ;2Á7; 3 97 -2

69 0 98

70 99

71 64 100 43

72 101 -2

73 102 0<k<2 k>15

74 103 4

75 104 3

76 B<A<C C<B<A 105 1

77 8 106 2

78 -1 107 29

79 108 kÉ4
109 4
80 a=2 b=;2ª7;
110 ;2#;
81 -26 6
111
82
112 2
83 2 ;4#;
113 70
84 34 ;2!; 114
115
5 5
85 x= x=-
2 4 116 y=logª`x-1
x=-1 x=4 117 16
x=-2 x=1 x=3 118 0
x=1 x=3 119
86 2 120 -12
87 121
88 122 2Ú`ß`
89 128 123 38
90 124 4

91 0<k<;2(; 125 6
126 6
92 x=-1 x=1
127 2
x=-1 x=1
128
93
129 -1
94 15
130
95 ;1°2;
131
3
96 x> x¾-;2°1; xÉ-4 132 ;2!;
8
1<x<7 133 6

324
134 ;4(; 162 -9

135 2 163 6

136 '2 164

137 10000 165 23

138 18 166

139 x=-5 x=6 167 -5

x=1 x='2 168 6

x=2 x=16 169 0<a<;1Á0;

x=Ü '1Œ0 x=10 170
x=2'2 171
140 7 172 3
141 8
173 ;8Ò; ;8%;p
142 27 ;2Á7;
174 ;2#;p
143

1 175 ;1É0;
144 x= x=1000
10
176
1
x= x=10 177 300ù
10
178
145 8
179
146
147 4 180 ;4Ò;
148 6 181 72p pÛ`-1
149 x=1 x=10 x=12 182
150 183 2`tan`x sin`
151 20 184 -4'3
1 '2
152 x>2 -16<x< 2<xÉ16 185
5 2
1 186 14
0<xÉ x¾2
4
187 -;8&;
153 ;2&;<x<5

154 188

155 x<-0.04 x>0.04 '3

189 -
2
156
9'2
157 2 190
4
158 6 191 11
159 2
192 -;2!0#;
160 6
161 40 193 3'3-4

325
194 226 8
195 227 6
196 (3 0)
228 -;2!;
197
198 5 229 -;4Ò;<x<;4Ò;
199
230 -;3Ò;Éx<0 ;3@;p<x<p
3'2
200
2
;6Ò;É É;2#;p
201 ;4Ò;
231
202 9 232 aÉ7
203 10 233 -2
204
234 x=;3Ò; x=;3@;p x=;3$;p p
205 ;4#;p
235 26
206
236
207 5 1 1
237 ;6Ò; ;3$;p< <;3%;p
208 -1
209 238 0ÉaÉ;4(;
'3
210 +;4#; 239 30
2
240
211 -;2!;
241 2
212 5 -1 1
242 13p
213 -5'3p
243 4
214 0
244
215 1
245 -;2!;
216 ;2#; -;4%;
3'1Œ0
217 2 3 246
10
218 ;2!; 247 10'6`m
'1Œ0
219 ;3@; 248
10

220 - ª4° 249

250
221 ;6%;p 251
252
222 x=-;3Ò; x=;3Ò;
253 ;5$;
223
224 254 120ù
225 3p 255

326
 12'3Œ9 290 4
256
13
291
257 4'6
'3 292 :ª4Á:
258
2
293
259 ;2!; 294 3069

260 4(1+'3` 295 ;3!;´{;3@;}Ú`á`

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296 1
262
1
263 297
2
264 298 ;3!;
60
265 ` m
7 299 ;9!;(10Ç` ±Ú`-9n-10)
266 2'3
300 4
267 -18
268 -6 2 301 :4£:

269 15 302 120

270 ;;Á4Á;; 303 3

304 10
271 36
305
272
306 10
273 16
307 266
274 96
308 24
275 19
-1+'5 Ú`á`
276 22 309 { }
2
277 8 310 6
278 1748 311 9
279 312
280 -6 313 70
281 -15 314
282 37 315
283 13 316
284 125 7(10Ú`Ú`-100)
317
285 15'3 81
286 318 2309
n(n+1)(n+2)
287 ;2!; 319
3
288 765 320 23
289 9 321 3025

327
322 354
323 1330 169150 355 2
324 1240 356 ;2!7$;
n(n+1)(n+2)
325 357 123
6
326 55 358
327 25 359
328 99 360 92

329 Á55 361 ;7Á8;

330 362 45
331 12 363
332 364

333 ;1!0)1); 365

366 (k+1)´2û` ±Ú` k
334 10
367 9 8
335 60
368
9
336 1
20 369 ;2!; aû+1
k+1
337
370
338 ;1%2)8(;

339 ;10!1;

340 188
341 514
342
343
344 12
345 9

346 ;2!6%;

347 1

348 1-{;3@;}Ú`â`

245
349 `L
4

350 ;2!;(3Ú`Ü`-1)

351 100
352 10

353 3-{;2!;}á`

328