I , II , , I, ,

2018

’ I, 11 , ’
, , ,
.
,
.
I

1966 I 51
.
.

2017. 3. 1.
1.
§1 . γ
§ 2. / 2
1 /9

2.
§1 . 2
§2 . 23
2 33

3.
§1 . 3 5
§2 . 4 3
34 5

4.
§1 . 4 7
§2 . · 5 4
I 4 5 8

5.
§1 . 6 0
§ 2. 6 4
5 6

6.
§1 . 7 1
§ 2. 7 9
6 8 2
 4

7.
§1 . 8 4
§2 . 8 8
§3 .
7 6

8.
§1 . 9 7
§2 .' IT 2
J ' .' 2 ' " - v ' ' ' ∼
8 7

,.
§1 ,
§2 . ' 2
9 1 2 3

10.
§1 . 1 2 5
§2 . / 3 3
101 3 6

11.
§1 . / 3 8
§2 . / 4 4
§3 . 2
§4 . 1 5 7
11 1 6 2

12.
§1 . 165
§2 . 167
 5

§3 .
§4.
§5 .
12

13.
§ 1. /85
§2 . 792
13 /98

14.
§1 . >: 200
§ 2. X 204
§3 . 208
§4 . 211
1 14 215

15.
§1 .
§2 .
15 239

243

303

349

351

352
 .

§1 .

[.J α

8 v ’ 16 IF
.

> 8 γY : 8 , x3=8
x 8 .
x3=8 J x 3 - 23=O . ' . ( x - 2)(x2+2 x + 4)=O
.'. x = 2, - 1 + I T i , - 1 - f T h i

8 2, - 1 + f i , - 1 - -J 1
. 2 , 8

-8 , x3=- 8 x
-2, i + f i, 1 - J J
, -2 v
 8 1 .

>16 F : 160 , = 16
x 16 .
x4=16 x 4 - 24=0 . ' . ( x - 2)( x + 2)(x2+4)=O
. ' . x=2 , - 2 , 2i, - 2 i

16 2 , - 2 , 24 - 2 i
. 2 -2 IF

(1) α n : n 2 n α
, xn=α x α n
,α , , , ∼ · α

(2) α (n α
(i)
α α n

Gi) 1
a>O : α n ,
’ ’ r
a=0 : 0 n 0 . , 0 .
a<O : α n .

('Td) = a

c l α
α , α
, ,α ,
α n
α Ii xl α ,
y y α x
y = xl α n

* Note 7= I
 1.

>xnz=α
y = x3, y = x5, … '
y z

, 7= α α

α n
, γa .
{ x l x 3 = 2, x R}= { / T } ,
{ x l x 5 = 2, x E R } = { J T } ,
> z= α ii
' = x2, y = x4, … n
y=x
7 Y YY 7Y ./X
^ / y - a
a>O , 7= α \ \ / ( a > O)
x .
' a
α n -.-fi ∼ 0 x (y O)

r . y=a (a<O)
{x!x 4 = 2, x E R } = { ' [ 2, - V 2 } ,
a=0 , 1=α x 0 0
n 0 . ’ γ =o
a<0 , y α α n
.
{xlx2=- 2 , x R}= o , { x l x 4 = - 2 , x E R } ,
*Note 1 " n = 2 v 2 7
2' n = 2 x2=- 1 6 x .
,x γ- 1 6 . n = 4, 6, …
,6,/==16, …
1
D 125 VI . 81 T
v125 125 .
-125
-81 = T .
 ) 1 .

a > O, b > 0 ' ''' ∥ 2 ’

/., T ,z T / m nr ' '
r ",' ' '/F=="/' ( 9 , ' 7 7
" V Vu V ∼ ' ' Tb V b
(3) v ( 4 ) 7 = mnfa
(5) " a γa 'p

c ftCe I (1
( / __ γ rF αb
a > 0, b > 0 y γ T > 0, >0
γ-nfT ‘ n . . .. γ γT bf
2
(1) / f ( 2 ) /= 2 (3) v v ( 4 ) i dW
vT /,,,
(5,' L . _
' -' I 6 '
( '6,' ! _
→'4IT (7) (8)44/810+4108
(9) V 7 i X/7 (10) / V i ' - 2 /T
(1) T=/ =3 (2) V Z y=- 2
(3) Yγ 3 T J=2
(4) '0.0001

(5) v
(6) =v =fW=/ "=2
(7 l 2=12\2=(-3
)=
(8)448
/10+410=I = v44=4
r .4/2+2./220(210+1)+
ij 12(
1
)+
3
'(2
4
(9) ×γ × ' = / 2 x V4=/ = 2
(10) 1/ + / W _ 2 f = 3xt/i T h 3xV r_23VI T + 3VT-2 7T=2 Y
 1. ' /

1-
∥T , v 3 , v 5 ,

2, 3, 4, 6 12 VJ

a, b , a > b < == f >f b

γ7=W = 1V' , v = 1V =1vT,

V =1 v f , [ = l 12f
... T->V-- > f > VT + - LEIJ
1-i .
(1) T, 5 / ( 2 ) ` r , 4/T
(1) ` (2) /T -> γ T T

1-2 . , a>O

(2) /iiIii/s;V
%
TV
a > O, b > O m, n 2 ,

TT_ m mn
(l) =V4/ , ><Yz !I -=v α ><
v α
%/= 1 ---
/41 ∼ 3 / = - 4 / 3 r -

(2) = x '
=1>< == 66/1
fV a
6
/8
+-
1 -2 . . , a>0

(1)/ -V (2)7 V V LE (1) 1V (2) 1

 §2 .

LI

''''
/am_n ( m > n , a4z0)
amX an=am
(am)n=amn α ÷α 1 ( m = zn, a # O)
1 / . - ,
( a b ) =a,zb'z . (m<n, a4r0)a
m
_
.
, ,

[J
a*O , m, n 1 m>n
am4aTh= am_ 0
. ) n = n, m < n
(i) (Z m = n=3
= a3-- a3=1, = a33= a.
α0=1 (2 )n=n
(ii) m==2, n = 5
= a2÷ a5= a a -
, =a2'5= a-3
1
α 3 e ' n = 2, n = 5
a
I

(1) 0),
α 0 n , = 1, a -
f
(2)
a + 0, b=I=0 " ''
a m X a n = am+ α α ' α ,2
(am) amn ( a b ) =a7ib12

c i-e l a40 . QZ.o2__00

’ 00=1 . 00
 1. r J

· 1
r'1, , r\ 3 1 Y (2) ( - io)o (3) 2_i ( 4 ) 5-2
1 1
(1) 1 (2) 1 (3) (4)
2 . , a * 0, b * 0
(1) a 3 X a 4 ÷ a 2 ( 2 ) ( - a "5)4 ( 3 ) {(ab" ) } " '
(1) a - 3X a4-a - 2=a - 3+4( - 2=a3

'2) "-.'" -1'5)4=15)4=1a(-a

)45<4
5 - “
(3) { (a2b4)3 } ' = (a2b_4)3=(a2)3(b_4)3= a6b" '2

[E3

a>0']JIL" "' .
uJ:,xjam)= am
m=; , n = 4

= α 1' α " α"

>0 α3

v ○ m= n=4

(1)
a>O “ , n( n > 2
α , a =
(2)
a > O, b > O r, s
(D a r X a s = aT a r ÷ &=a
(3:) ( a r ) 8=ar8 ( a b ) r = arbr

k e I a<0
-3) (_3)2x ( - 3)1=-3
-3) _.(32)4_32x 31=3
 14 1 .

· 3
(1) 27k (2)(+) (3) x3 ÷3
(4)(%r2T)5 (5) f xV ( , a>O)
(1) 27k=(33)k=334=3'=3
(2) (2,2 2(,2)/( -2 γY
(3) 3kx 3 3k=3k k=3'=3
(4) "=I2 1\5(4
2=2 =224=22X2k=4/
=
)f5 ( f - )5== , / 7 7 T 7 T / 2 1 7
(5) γ ×v α1×α1= α111 α &(5)
[ j
J =1.41421 xx× 31_3
(T 3'·’ 4.65554
1, 1.4, 1.41, 1.414, 1.4142, · " 31.41 4. 70697
31.414 4 . 72770
3l , Ql.4' 3 1.41' Ql.414, Ql.4142,, 31.4142_4 . 72873
31.4142L_4 . 72879

. 37Y
α x ’ ax

a > O, b > O
a x X a' = ax+y a x ÷ a' = ax_)
(a =a ( a b ) x = axbx

4
(1)27=X27 ÷27 ( 2 ) 7Y 7'
(1) 2 7 Y X 2" j ÷ 27 27 7j 7 7==27 2v 37 =1
F
(2) 7 r ' (J-)-X r"= ( / 2)22
 1. / 5

1-3 . a>0

2914
\".9
)1
ij ( (_3)4}: (3) 4X24++81 -5X192
. . /a . . .,r- . (. . t)
tb) ` i - = = r " i a -
7- -
i77
V γ α J

(1), (2),(3
a>O, b > O r, s
D ar xas = aT+8 a r a 8 = ar-8
(ar)8=at 8 D (ab) '=arb'
(4), (5),(6
,
a>O 'n, n 2
α , i α , v
. . . . , . , I A \---X- / A , ( I '3 \2' - --- I 9 ×r' '
(fl ( 4 = ( 2 l ' = (' 1 '==( 3 '
' ' ' i '- , \91 \ 9 1 R 3 / J \ 3 /

= "= i - r\3
8
1
I2
(2) =(34) 3" 3"=2 7 a > O α')" → ' "
(3) ( )= 4 x (23x3)++(33x3)k _ 5 x (26x3)
= 4 x 2 x 3 f + 3x34_5x22x3+= - 9 x 3 =_ 9 V T - E
(4) 2× 4×8 2× 2"×2 2× 211)11(4
)(.
:(2×2 2 2
(5) = α÷α ×α α' ' 1= 'α5)1 α 5(5
4(a=a
1
xk=
+
)(a
(6) = v 7 - 12a6a9 =-α1 , 2 1-4-I2j → 2
= a 36 = aY8
7V7 1 α 1aa12
1-3 . . ’ a>O
(1) ( - +) " ( 2 ) { ( L ) } i x ( 27(-s-) (3) 16 ÷24 X18

(4) / γx53 ( 5 ) 7 x ?--V ( 6 ) /a/7

I I (1)-27 (2)5(3) (4)625(5)a2(6)
16 1 .

. , a>O, b > O
(1) (a - b) ( a + b+) ( a + b) ( 2 ) ( a - b)÷ ( a t - b+)

(1) (a α ( A - B)( A + B
( A - B)( A + B)= A 2 - B2

(2) α b - α1)3(2
=i)-(b
-b
)a "
A1- B3= (A- B)(A2+A B + B2)

a- b= (a+) "- (b+)3= (at- b) (a+ a+b++ b )

’

(1) a =x, b = y α =x2, b i = y2

·'. (a+- b+) (a++ b+) (ak+ b+) =(x-y)(x +y)(x2+y2)
=(x2- y2)(x2+y2)= x 4 - y4
- /α 1)4 - / 1\4=(a
i)-bi)= a - b - L I I J
(2) α b= α1)3(2
=i)-(b+) '
-b
)a α1 1b=
α' ÷ α = y" ÷ ,)= y) ' y+y2 ÷ y)
' y " = (α 1\2 α1' 1x2+xy+
i)abi+(b+)
a
2
=a +a+b++bI -
1-4 . . , a>O, b > O
(1) (a+ b) ( a- b*) ( 2 ) (a+ b ) (ai- b )
(3) α1- 1)( 2+ 11 (3+ib+bf) ( 4 ) (a-al)÷ (ai- a
i-b
)a )
(5) (a+b_1)÷(al+b_+)
· · (1)a-b(2)a_4-(3) a-b(4)a++a+(5) a-ab++bf
1-5. 4, x = a + 3a , y=b + 3a
+y) +( x - y) . , a>b > 0 . 1 8
 1. γ

1 -5
(1) +x =4 , x>0 , x+x_1, x 2, +x -

(2) x > 1 x + x' = 7 , -x

.
1- = - . ` L →

xz ` = - - - - - + ' r , x2

3
X2

(1) x++x4=4 0
(x x 4 ) 2=42
x + 2x+X_+ + x _ 1=16 . · . x + x - l = 14 0
(2 ( x +x-1)2= 142
x 2xx x - 2=196 . ' . x x - 2= 194
(1 1 4"
x 3xx4+3x+x-'+x =64, +3( x =64
+x =4 + x- =52
x + x - ' = 14, x 2 + x 2 = 194, + x- =52

(2) 1\2 2 1X2

x-x2x‘ x"=x+x1-2
)=
x + x.' = 7 )2=5
x>1 - x >0 . ·. -x 7

1 - 6. + x- =3 , x>0 ,
1
(1) X1 --
x
(2)x2+ x ( 3 ) xI I +x
(1) 7 (2) 47 (3) 18
1 - 7. a2x+a_l =6 ,α 0<ax<1 ,
(1) a x + a ( 2 ) ax_a (3) a3x_a - 3x
EIEI1 (1) 2 1 T (2) - 2 (3) - 1 4
18 1 .

1-6 e 2 x = 3 . e >0

(1) F ( 2 ) x(1
)-i2e\' e'
( l ) e - - - 3 /

er+

(1), (2), (3) e2X

(1 α>0, b > 0

'=/1h\" "
a?z
rk a !Y"\ =r
b /
\fl

,(3
e3x+e_3x ( e ( r x ) 3 ( e ' + e_x)(e2 _exe + e-2 )
e e-x e e e e_x
1
= J-1 -
"

2x=3 . ex_e x

e-x , r2x
, Oil ex, eZx

(l)1 1 ' 4x(1

)(-T=(e3) =e' '=(e )6=36=729 -\ p/
(2) , x
ex_e_x e 2 x _ 1 3 - 1 1
ex+e_x - e2x+ 1 FT-Y ∼
(3) , ex
r,,2x,2 1 ' 2 , 1
eSx+ e_3x + e_2x ' ' / I e2x . Y 7
ex+e_x - + 1 = e2x+ 1 = 3 + 1 - 3 - ·
. ∼ '1 , , / 1 \ - X _ .1
Ii - i l _ C , - 1 ._1 . . ] - . 1
1- .' 3
' .' v v
l=6 "
", , \ 2 7 1 '
' l l t t ' - ' r
' 8

1 - 9. a - 2=5 , . , a>O
3 - 3 → 3 ∼ 3
(l)a ",- ar ( 2 ) a - aE; I E I J (1) - 62(1
3
'(2
+
)a
 1. r

1-i f (x)= a " a>O

D f (x)f (y)= f (x+y) f (xH-f (y)= f ( x - y) { f (x)} ' = f (xy)
f (x÷y)= f (x)- f (y) f (2x)= { f (x)}2
1 -2
(1) ixV3-2f2 ( 2 ) V5 + vT
(3) (xa)b_CX(Xb)c_aX(xc)a_1( , x > O)

a=2γ ,

=4 i-. a > 2 t [ i ' . 2 ' < a2

cD-i 1 _ .
, t , L ,

cDγ 7?7){' (I7Y∼ r 7 ((f)1r

v7 r γ7
1-5 x, y x*y = x
a, b, c, n ,
D a*b=b * a ( a * b)* c = a * ( b * c)
(ab)* c = ( a * c)( b * c) a * (bc)= ( a * b)( a * c)
(a*b)' = (an)*(bn)

1-6 7 ,1 "' ”,
x "- "1"-x - -1-. . . x -

α,b α2x =b3 ' γ T

1-8 x = 2 +2 , 1
U) 2x3-6x (2) ( / x2_ 4_x)3
1-9 f (X)=' 7 , a>O /(k)= , f(2k
a - ru "
2

§1 .

x2=4 x 2 -2 .
x2=4 4= x = 2, - 2

x2= 3 x
J- J γ
.
x2==3 < x = i T, γT

2c=8 x . 23=8
x x=3 , .
2c=8 4== 2x==23 4z= x = 3

2x=3 x

log -
2 x = 3 4== x = 10g23
2x=3 4 = x = logz3 - T

23= 8 log
23=8 3 = 1og28
 2 . 2 /

a > 0, a * 1 , b aX== b
{
x . ’ x
α b x = =loga b
logab
-
. ,b loga b
a > 0, a * 1, b > 0 α b '=' x = 1ogαb

α ir .loga b α>0, a * 1, b > 0 0

-x αx α > 0 logab α>0
. logo3, log_23
’ P=1 x P = 2, P = 3
x . l o g i l , logi2, logj3 1

l
3X> 0 3X=_ 5 x .
log3 ( - 5 .
log30 0
loga b α > 0 , a * 1,
b>0

· 1 x==logab
(1) 42=16 ( 2 ) 10-2=0.01 ( 3 ) 94=3
a > 0, a * 1, b > 0 , & ' = b <==> x=logab
(1) 2 = 1og416 ( 2 ) - 2 = 1og1o0.01 -
..J2 αX=b
(1) logiol=0 ( 2 ) 10g3243=5 (3) 1og255=0.5
(1) 100=1 ( 2 ) 35=243 (3) 25o'5=5

·3 x
(1) log3( x - 2)2 ( 2 ) 1og(x+2)3 ( 3 ) log(X_2)( - x2+4 x - -3)
loga b a>0, a * 1, b > 0
(1) _ 2)2>0 *2
(2) 2>0, x + 2 * 1 - 2 < x<-1, x>- 1
(3) : x - 2 > 0, x - 2 * 1, : -x2+4 x - 3>0 : . 2 < x < 3
 2-i x
(1) 1og8O.25=x ( 2 ) 1og27F64=x ( 3 ) 1ogx81=2

(4)logx9=j- ( 5 ) 1og5x=1.5 ( 6 ) log6(log64x)=-1

logab=m α , b, m

loga b=m = a=b

(1) 1og80.25=x 8 x = O.25

(23)Xzr ·'· 23'=2_2·'· 3x=-2 ·'· x=- j -

(2) 1og27764=x ( 2 / T ) ' = 64 , ( f ) x - 64

(8 )'=82·'· 8' = 8' ·'· =2 .' . 4

(3) 1ogx81=2 x 2 = 81
x > O, x * 1 =9 ∼

(4) 1og ,9 x } =9
`)
=9 ·'· x= (3') ' T - 27 ∼·

(5) 1og25x=1.5 2 5 1 "5=x

(52)L5=X . ' . 53=x . ' . x = 125< -
(6) 1og6(1og64x)= - 1 6 - ' = 1og4x
-1 1 1 ' , 1 ,, .
’ iog64x=- - '
u
t Y i 6 == X ·.(26)k=x ' x=2 -

2-i .
(1) 1og381 (3) log1-
(4) 1og2(cos45 ") (5)1og:7 144 ( 6 ) 1ogz(4 xf" )
[ 1 (1)4 (2) - - (3) - - - (4) - - - (5)4 (6)2
2-2 . x
(1) 1og:4 = 4 ( 2 ) logx8l=- j - ( 3 ) logio(log32x)= - 1

LIJ (1) x=/2 (2) x= (3) x=/T

 2. 2 3

§2 .

a > O, a * 1 x > O, y > O ’

(1) l o g a a = 1, l o g a l = O (2) loga Xy= loga x+ loga y
/(, 1 X
`i) 10gα . = 1 0 g a X - 1 0 g α (4) l o g a f = n l o g a x
H

c e "

(1) a1 α logaa=l, = 1 logal=O

( ) logj l O = 1, 10g33=1, logi l = O, l o g 3 l = O
(2) logax=m, l o g a y = n αm= , a '' = y
∼ y'= α z> α n= αm+n , α m+n _ xy=
,-xy
X
m
a

logaxy=m + n , l o g a x y = logax+logay
X1,X2, … ,X
loga(x1Xx2X … Xxn)= l o g a x loga X2+ … +logaxn
( ) 10g214=logz(2 x 7)=log22+ 10g27=1 + 1og27
10g4 105=log4(3 X 5 X 7)= 10g43+ 1og45+ 10g47
(3) 1ogαx = m, l o g a y = n αm , a' = y
.' α , , → , " - , ,
. .' . Z '-- . - = = = = , m - n 3 1 .' α m - n== r
Y a '' - ∼ .' - y
log = m- n log =logax-logay
/ n1 7 1 " 1 . 1 2 × 7 1 . . "
(OlD 1na2 =10g27-1gcr,3, l0glo 1'oglo2+log,'07-1'0g "3
"1 ' - ' ‘ 3 ' '-' , ' - ' . ,5" , , - ' - ,b ', 3 ' ubl∼ ' ∼ 5 'u " '" u
(4) 1ogαx = p = x . ' . a' x 'z
logaf=n , l o g a f = nlogax
(oil) 10gax3=310gax, 10g381= 1oga34=4 1og33=4 X 1=4
 24 2 .

1 x , y, z logax, logay, lOgaZ

(1)10g, 2 3z ( 2 ) l0g, x4(1
z( a- ---
y3
x2
a
)lg
y

ABC (AB) XC loga ABC

A > O, B > ( c > o
toga ABC= toga AB+ logaC= logaA+ logaB+ loga C
(1) logax2y3z= logax2+ logay3+ logaz=2loga x+3 toga y + loga Z

(2)l.g, .y A
.g, 4-(l.g,y2+l ,z)=4l gax-2t gayt ga z
2
(1)l gaa3 - ' ' (2) l gaza ( 3 ) I.gβ
(1) logaa3=3logaa==3X1=3
(2) 1.g . 2.= l . g.2 ')1 1 l . g.2. 2 = 1 × 1 = 1(2
(-X' T
=
za
g
o
)1

(3)1 ga-41-=1 gaV-1ga

a J
log, a-2l gaa=--X 1-2X1= - ' ,

3 A = l0g , 2x , B - log ,y3lg

A
-,B
1
=
a- , 3A+2B
y- x -
3 A + 2B= 31 ga-,- + 2 l ga--= 10ga (-- + 1 ga l
y· x ` ) ) - / \ x → I
→ 6 y4 _1→_ f x 6 ` , y4\_ 1 _ 1 - 1 .
-- IUga Y luga-j -- 1Uga ` - ^ i J -- 1Uga ) lU a y
r x ` ) r :r / y
k c e 20 f (x)=logax
x > O, y > O n

, f(i-;= f(r'-- f(i,)," /

- ' , .y, J \ _ ' i J ' J 1 , J \ ) . / . / / f(i-' - f( ," f (y' r j f(r)
\ _ " J ' " J '" \ ' . , J . - - , ' - .,

c kce 3"
loga( x + y ) = l o g a x + logay, 1 o g a x y = 1ogax Xlogay

, …
loga( x + y)=logax+ logay l o g a ( x - y)= 1ogαx - logay
1 , . . , ' - l ( c α r

logaxy=togaxXlogay l o g a ; =1 ;,y
(1ogax) "=1ogaf l o g a b x = logax+ logbx
 2 . 2 5

a > O, a * 1, b > O

(1)10g lO cb (c>O, c * 1) ( 2 ) logab=l . 1 ( b * 1)1

lb
a
g

e l
(1) logab=x αX=b
' ( c > O, c * 1 1ogc a' = 1og b
= 1ogb
.. x1og' a = 1ogcb '
logca l.g I1 gc a ‘,
( ) Iog23= 1og:o3, b 8 2 3 - 1og53l i2
g0
'1
1g23g32=
-, 1og72iog3 -1g73
* Note A=B 1ogcA=1ogcB
c

(2) logab=x a '=b

b ( b > O, b 1 l o g b ax= logb b
1 .' 1 , 1
·x i o g , a = i . . x =
logba 1ogao= l0g
(nii 1, - 1 1 , -r' 7 - 1
' ' u / ' ' u 10g32 ' v 5 " ' 1 o g 7 5

*Note(1 (=‘ 1ogab= bb_I,1ba-I gba

4
(1) 1og23X1og32 (2) 1og23 X 1og34 X 10g42
.
>

(l)l . 823/l . 832= logio3\ logio2(1

x1l g
=
X
3
2
g
)o j3
lL 1 0 g 3 2 = IOg23
(2) 10g23x10g34x10g42= 1ogjo3 < 1og104/ logio21 g
l4=1
3
1
i2

*Note (1),(2
loga bx Iogb a=1, l o g a bx logs CX 1ogc a=1
 26 2 .

2 - 2 1ogio2==a, 1og103=b α,b

(1) 1og1 5 ( 2 ) logi 600 ( 3 ) 1ogj 0.72 ( 4 ) logi V

5=10 2
1 g1 5 = }ogm = l g1 l O - l gi 2 = 1 - l gi 2
-
.

10 .
10 .
p.35 . 10

logioA 4 = > togA

(1)logj 5=logi - - =logi 10- 10gi 2= 1_ 1ogio2=1 - a

(2) 1ogi 600= logi (2 X 3X 102)= logio 2+ logio 3+ logio 102
= a + b + 2< ∼

(3)l.g1.o.72-l.81. .81.2;x32-=
j=log1 2"+o
1
2
.7
)0
i(3
g
lo l gi 32_logi 102
=31og102+21og103-2log1olO=3 a + 2 b - 2 - U'
(4H.g,. b g 50o 1 l . g,.500= 1I.g1. 1000(4
-=--1ogi ---
i5
=
0
1
g
)lo
1 /.. . ,,, . n, i / n \ 1 ,
= - i - -1ogi0 1 u - 1ogoo )=- --t.i - a)= - - j - -a-t-- i - I,
J · ’ ,

c llogi l==0,1og1 10=1

1og1 100= 1ogi 102=21ogio10-2 log10 100 - 2
1og1 1000= 1og10103-31ogi010=3 log10 10 = 1
→ . , , . . 1 . ∼ ∼ - . log1ol = 0
’ lncy...fl .' 1=l c g . . . - 7 = l0ci.. l O = ----l
- ' ∼ t ' "'u .' ∼ flU10 " ' 1og100.1 = - 1
g1.o.0 l = l . g1.I 1log10
i- logi 10 2 - -2
g
lo
=
1
.0 log10 0.01= -2
,

· 2 - 3. 1og2=a, 1og3=b α,b

(1) 1og50 ' ( 2 ) logl.08 ( 3 ) iog( - ) ( 4 ) logO.48
EEJ (1) 2 - a (2) 2a+3 b - 2 (3) - 2 0 ( a + b - 1) (4) 4a+
 2 . 2 '

z3
(1) log36=a , log3 288 α
(2) logO.5 = a, 1og9=b log 72 α , b
(3) 1og6=2a, logl.5 = 2b , log 24 α , b

(1) log3288=log3(25X32)=1og325+logs32
=510g32+210g33=510g32 +2
(2) 1og72=log(23 X32)=1og23+ 1og32=31og2 +21og3
(3) 1og24=log(23>< 3)= log 23+ Iog3=31og2 + 1og3

(1 10g3 2
(2),(3 1og2, 1og3
a > O, a 4 4 x > O, y > O
loga X lOga X+ lOga JI, l O g a X" = fllOgaX

(1) 10g36 α
logs(2X3)= a . ' . 10g32+10g33=a . . l o g 3 2 = a - 1
.'.10g3288=10g3(25X 32)r=10g325+ 10g332=510g32+210g33
=5( a - 1)+ 2 = 5 a - 3 < - I
(2) logQ.5 = a 1 o g 2 - 1=a . ' . - 1 o g 2 = a . ' . l o g 2 = - a
1rciQ=/) Jg.1 ! :Z_J ' .'' 9 l 0 c 3 = l ' .'' ~,'og3 b
' ubα v " ' ' u5u u " v ' - "b' 2
.'. 1og72=log(23X32)=1og23+1og32=31og2+21og3
. . , ^ . . b ‘ ,
= 3 2` ` - a i c-= - = - a - t-o < - II
(3) 1og6=2a l o g (2X3)= 2 a . ' . 1og2+1og3=2a 0
logl.5 = 2b l o g - r = 2b . ' . 1og3- 1og2=2b 0
0+ 2 2 1 o g 3 = 2( a + b) . ' . 1og3=a + b
0 - F 2 1 o g 2 = 2( a - b) . ' . 1og2=a - b
... 1og24=log(23X3)=1og23+1og3=31og2+1og3
=3( a - b)+ ( a + b)= 4 a - - 2 b -

w 2 - 4. 1ogz12 α 10g29 α . [ j 2a-4

2-5.log(1_ )=a,iog(i_ )=b log(i_ ., ‘

. 6a-b+1
28 2 .

2-4
(1) 4logaI + 3log32+6log3(sin45 ")
. ^ . 1(U' T 1 ( c l 4 - 1( 1 ' / T h . . , . , . . . ,
(2 . " ' ' - ' . ' " . " ' "' ( 3 ) . (l,og. l.og.2,(l.og41.6 2 - l,og42
"' l o g l . 8 ' - , ' - -.., - ' - ' " ----- ---'

(1), (2)
α ,α 1 x > O, y > 0

10gaxy=10gax+logay, log oga x- loga U

logax,z=nlogax ( n
(3) 10g3z 54 α b'

b8 ‘ ,=logb'logamb-lg
a=no
lgmignmlogab log b= 1og bl gea

a > O, a * 1, b > O m ( m * O), n

log. b" loga b

(1)( =l.83(7 '+l.832"+1.83 " .23(9\8
=log39=10g332=210g33=2 -

(2) =log(/2x3x =o
l gp =log = log
. 3 . 3 . 3
( ,j)= ‘∼' J5
'`) = . V ') . , = VJ ' = i
‘ ∼ J ‘ ∼ r
rn
\'- - ', - " Q . / 3 , ' -" - 3 9 L _ )
log-i- log(--) 2l g_ft- -
(3) ( )= l g9 (4 X 2) x l g4- - = 1 g98 X1 g481= 1 g3223 X1 g2z34
6

=--log32x4-10g23=3 - log bx10gba=1

2-6 .
(1) 2log5+4log`/ T (2) 1og2+l o g / ] 3 - logIO

(3)l o g 127+ log 8- logγ " ( 4 ) log2 1]iW+10g21 ,+(4) 2l g

3g23.5
6
2
T
L
1
(5) (log8 25+ log497) X logo.1106 (6) (loga b + logaz b2)(logb a2+ 1og'2 a)

(1)2(2)1(3)3(4)4-(5)-13(6) 5
 2 . 2

2-5 x 2 - 5x+5 = 0 α β
(1) 1og6( a + f l - l ) +log6( f l + a 1 ) +log6aβ
(2) d = a - f l α β logd cz+ lOadβ

-
(1) log6(a'+ fl-')(,9+ a-1) a'j9 ( 2 ) logd a8

‘ + bx+c = O α β

a+fl=- - - , a9=-
α + f l = 5, aβ=5
(1) =log6( a + f l 1 ) ( f l + a ' ) afl

=lo86(a+J)(fl+_-)afl=lo86(afl+1+1+----)a/3a9
=log6 {(afl)2+2aj9+ 1 } =log.(52+2 X 5+1)
==10g662==2 -I I
(2) α β 'lr=a_fl>O
.'. d = a_,9=I ( a = j9)2 = , / ( a + j9)2 - 4afl m / 52-4 X 5 -.15
... 1ogda+1 o g j = 1ogdafl=1og' j 5 = 1og ( / 5 ) 2=2 - L 1 E 1
e i e l (2 1og7 5
(i) 1og 5=x
1og 5=x 4rz ( / )xr r5 · ' · 5X=51 - - x = 1 . ' . x = 2
. . - . . , i ..,_.,i. . , 1 ' `
U') iog o = iog5 Y= -j-
j

2
I 2-7 . x 2 - 8x +2=0 α β
log2 (a 19-1 2
t i 2-8 . x 2 - 8x +4=0 α β

log . +I.g β · - 2
2-9 . x 2 - 6x + 2=0 α β
35
'/ α2 β2 logd a3+ logaβ3
 26
(1) f (x)=32x α= log9 2+ logg4 / α
(2) (3Iog4+ 2Iog9)×31oS

(i)
ax=b 4= x=logab
. , a□= b
loga b
logab
.
αiogαb = b

. 310gs2=2' 1ob0go3=3
α1 α c = α1 1(i)a
'( α‘ ) 1oba_c ‘
, α Iogbc= c' "g‘α
α g c=c ` ogba α c

(1) f (x)- 3 2 ' a = 10g92+ 1og94= logo(2 X 4)= logg8

f (a)= 32a= (32)a=9a. 910g98.8
(2) ( )= (31o4+21og3z) x 31og41 = (3Iog4+221og3) X 3-'og4
= (31o$4+41o3) x 3-log4.. (31og4 310g4) ><3_104
= 2 × 3k g4×3 og4=2 I I
* N o t e (1

a=log9(2X4)=1og98=1ogsz23=} 1og32
.'. f (a)= 32a. 3310g32=310g323.3' "g 8=8
L 2 - b0 .
(1)321og34+loga5-310g32 (2) αlog(loga)(2
Ig(
)a , a > 1) L E I I I (1) 10 (2) loga
■ 11. /(/)= γ ' .Fl.g31oγ 11.g3 1 32-u
i
3
L
yc0
/T
.f(x)=
,/ α . 7IF
2 - 12 . 510g32
210g53 2 l o g '5 3 10g52 310g25 ( D 5 10g23
 z 7 4 5 x = 27, 5 ' = 81
(1) x, y
/,,, 3 4 .-a -,i e. ..=_i ^ ,→1
(2) -s--
x

(1) x, y
ax= b < x = loga b
45X=27 x r = 10g4527 C)
5 = 81 y = 1og581 (2)

A > O, B > O rEH, A = B 4z= l o g a A = logaB

45x==27 Al 10g45x= log 27 5 = 81 l o g 53= log 81
. '. x1og45=1og27 . '. y l o g 5 = log8l
→ 1og27 5X_ 1
5
4
g ·'· log8l"l g5
(2 2) , (2
(1)
(2) - - - -4- = 3 x 1og45 4 X l 1og5 = 3 X 1og45 4 X 1og5xy1
41 g3
3
l8
7
2
g

- 1og45- 1og5 - 1og9 - 21og3 -2 -1 g

1
3
c i - c e I (2
(i) x = 1og4s27=3Iog4s3, y = 1ogs81=4log53

3 _ 4_ 3l 3 ,,3 4 l 4,3 = l . g345- l.835=l . 83 45xy3

ls=
4
g
1
o
5
-og35=log3-- -
=1og332=2loga3=2
(ii) 45X=27 4 5 X = 33 . . . 4 5 = 3 C
5 = 81 5 Y = 34 · . .5=3 C)
○÷ F - = 3 e ÷ 3 · .. 32=3--4 x
==2

·
2-13.11.2x=1000,O.112'=1000 f
,
3
l 2 1 4 . a, b, c a x = b3=c z = 8, 1og2abc=3

· L 1 i
 32 2 .

2-8
(1) 10x=a, 10'= b , 10z=c , logab f F x , y, 2
, x+y * 0
(2) log23=a , 1og37=b , log42 56 α,b

(1) 10x=a, 10y=b , 10z=c

logioa=x, l o g i o b = y, 1og10c=z
. , 10 logab f 6 2 f 10
(2) 3

bg.‘ 1logab
lg
=ba, l o g a ' = logc b1 ga
(1) log1 a = x, logl. b=y, logioc=z01
, ‘∼ r - - ( l g1 b2+l gi c )
l o g a i h 2 c = tugiov U (- - '
logio ab l o g i o a+ logjo b

- 2logiob+log10-2
lg
+
ia
(lg
1 22:y+z2(x+
y)
(2)1og23=a 2=a1·'· 1og32='l g L
3
··· log.56= 10g356 - 1og3(23X7)) - ,.: 31og32+,1og37-lg
)+3+l g3 7
(x7
-1
2
4
3
', . . l . '
=
a
= =
a = =3 1 α
( Lb
U r - ~ i∼ ~

l + 1+b 1 + a + ab
a
2 - 15. a > 1, b > 1 (310g8 a+ 210g2 b) x logα‘z 16

· 2 - 16. 3x=a, 3y==b

· ’ x, y
’ x # zO, x + y * 0
(1) l gab ( 2 ) l g ,zb ( 3 ) l g ,bab 1 (1) ! - ( 2 ) _M ( 3 ) 2 x y
o · · ~ `'

t I I 2 - 17. 1ogi 2==a, 1og103=b α,b

(1) l gs l.08 ( 2 ) l gkiiV4 { 1 (1) 2a+3b-2

' J' 4 - 1 h
(2)
i ' L a r u )

z 1 8 . 10g25 α , log5 / i 7 logi v 7 α

r n 3(2a2+2 a + 1)
- 4 a ( a + 1)
 2. 3 3

2-1 x logjo( a x 2 - ax+1 α

2-2 x = . / T + / 2 , y=/ - / 2 1og62s(3x2- 5xy+3y2

0 1 2
2 - 3 a3b2=1 , a>0, a * 1, b > 0 , loga ab3

4 0<a<1 α 10α 3 ,
2 α

2-5 , ,
’ a, b 1
(1) a x = bx α=b [EE
(2) x > 0 l o g a x = Iogbx α=b [E

2 - 6 1og223 x, 1og3143
,x y2
, γ =1.7 .
D32 4 1 5 0 61 7 0
2-i .
(1) 0.01<x < 1 , / (1ogx + i)3 + V (logx +2)4

(2) 1 < a < 10 γlog l0a-7 g a4

(3) a = 0.01 l o g ( h l + d +1)- 1 o g ( / 1 + d - i ) " .

' , 0 0 g 2 ) 3+(1og5)3 - l - ', - . .. -.=-----.1

R '∼5 / , : ` 5y. , . . ' t.'
- (log2) 2+(log5)2 - 1 ' W _ I - , I -.'
2-9

(1)iog(i+4-)+iog(i+4)+o
i g(i+ )+.+iog(i+--)+iog(i+-_)
(2) log2 (10g34)+ log2 (1og45)+ log2 (10g56)+… + Iog2 (1og?980)+ logz (loga 8l)

z 1 0 log2( Jr x , , 2'
 34 2 .

z 11 X , y, 2 1og2x + 2 10g4y + 3log8z=1 { (2 7"} '

z12
(1) bc==9, c a = 4, c c = 16 ’ bα . b > O, c > O
. . . . , ∼ → ._, 1 , 1 1 _-.i , . . a -.1 C, -7 =1 2 -.1
(2) 4X=5Y=20Z " ÷ y
' x y 2 .
2 - 13 log2 { 10g3(10g4x)} =1, log4 { 1og3(log2y) } =1 , 1oggx log:y

2 - 14 x > 1, y > l , z > 1, w > 0 , 1ogxw=24, 1ogyw=40, logx w=12

, loge W
D32 3 6 4 9 @ 6 0 7 2
· ∼ . , . n . 1 3 ^1 a-i- U ...i -it ft ' . .-1 , , , . . 1 --1
z 1 ! ~.'ogαD + 3· 'og‘ α ", ’ ' α l '
- " - ' ' v ' 72/ 2 ! I , a2+ b2 - ' ." - - - I.'
1 2 3 4 5
z16 1 α , b, c logac : logbc=2 : 1
loga b+logbα .
z17 α,b,c
loga+b C+ loga-b c=2loga--b C X loga-b C
, ’ c*1 .
z18 x x 2 - P x + q = rO logaz b4, logbz a4
, a>1, b > 1 .

1. q = 4 . 5 α2 P=5
4

1 , i_ i,c ,

z19
(1) 1og34
(2) plog3l2-q1og34-2 = 0 α
z20 x ,
[log3l] + [10g32] + [1og331 + ' + [1og399] + [10g3100]
‘ ∼ , , , , → ^ 1 . ^ 1 -1 1 ' , 1 ) . , h.. , h , h . '
7 - 21 k ' k., 7 ' J.., ... fl lOI ’ 10g"'9=- ----4------4-. . .
a - ' 721, 7JZ, &3' 724, ' I - t . J- ·→ -"e ' 3 2 ' 2 2 ' 23 ' 24 '
, b1, , b3
 .25

§1 .

□I
A 10 logioA ,
10 logA . p.26
102
logl0000=1og104=4loglO=4 log10=logl 10=1
log 0.001= log i0-3== -3 log 10= - 3

A logA
. p.349, 350
. 0.01 1.00
9.99
. log3.24 3.2 4
0.5105 .
1og3.24 =0.5105 .
0.5105 3.24

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1.0 .0000 .0043 .0086 .0170 .0212 .0253 .0294 .0334 .0374

3.1 .4914 .4928 .4942 .4969 .4983 .4997 .5011 .5024 .5038
. ,'■

8 ·902
3.2 ."5051 .5065 .5079 04559 5249
1*25926 9 .5132 .5145 .5159 .5172
.5105 .5119
3.3 .5185 .5198 .5211 .5237 .5250 .5263 .5276 .5289 .5302

9.9 .9956 .9961 .9965 .9974 .9978 .9983 .9987 .9991 .9996
 36 3 .

1
(1) 1og3240 ( 2 ) logO.00324
log 3. 24=0.5105
(1) 1og3240=1og(3.24 X 103)== 1og103+ 1og3.24=3 + 0.5105==3.5105
(2) log 0.00324= log (3.24x 10-3)=z log 10-3+ log 3. 24= - 3+0.5105= - 2.4895
. I 2 x
(1) l o g x = 0.3324 ( 2 ) l o g x = 2.3324 ( 3 ) l o g x = - 2 . 6676
(1) 0.3324
, 2.1 5
2.15 . ’
1og2.15=0.3324 . ' . x = 2.15
(2) 1 A < 10 A
logA
0.3324 0 1 .
2.3324
2.3324
.
logx=2.3324=2 + 0.3324= loglo2+ 1og2.15=log(102 X 2.15)
=1og215 . ' . x = 215
(3) l o g x = - 2.6676= - 2 - 0.6676=( - 2 - 1)+ ( 1 - 0.6676)= - 3 + 0.3324
= log i 0 3 + log 2.15= log (103x 2.15)= log 0.00215
' . x - 0.00215

1 1og3.24=0.5105 log 3240, log 0.00324

. 3.24
,
32.4, 3 2 4 , 0 . 324, 0 . 0324

D 1og3.24=O + O.5105=0.5105
1og32.4= log (3.24 X 10)=1og 10+ log 3.24=1 + 0.5105 = 1.5105
1og324=log (3.24 X 102)=log102+ 1og3.24=2 + 0.5105 =2.5105
logO.324=l o g (3.24>< 10-I)=log10-1+ 1og3.24= - 1 + 0.5105 = -0.4895
logO.0324=log (3.24 X 10_2)= log 10-2+ log 3.24= - 2 + 0.5105 = - 1.4895
 3. 3 7

(0 1 + a (0 a<1)
. logi00=2 + 0
, ’ 0 1
.

1 ,
. ,
1 ( 1 - 1), 2
( 2 - 1), 3 ( 3 - 1), …
- , 1 ,
0
. , -1,
-2, …

0.5105

(1)
A logA
A n logA (n-i)
·
1og000" D.0 0 0 " = ( n - 1)+ 0 . x x x x
(Z) A n 0
logA -n

4,
Iog0.000 · " O E J D D " · = - n + 0.x x x x
(2)
 38 3 .

c ll
logA α (O a < 1)
, α A
α 0 1

-1.6308( = - 1 - 0.6308 -1, - 0 . 6308

. - 0.630801 .
- 1 . 6308= - 1 - 0.6308=( - 1 - 1)+ ( 1 - 0.6308)= - 2 + 0.3692
-2 , 0.3692

3 log4.38=0.6415 ,
(1) 1og438000 ( 2 ) logO.00438 ( 3 ) logO.4382
p.36 1 .
.

(1) 438000 6 6 - 1( = 5
.'. 1og438000=5 + 0.6415=r5.6415
(2) 0.00438 0
-3
... logO.00438=- 3 + 0.6415=- 2 . 3585
(3) logO.4382=21og0.438 0.438 0
-1
.'. logo.4382=2logo.438=2( - 1 + 0.6415)= - 0 . 717
4 1og23.4 = 1.3692 , x
(1) l o g x = 4.3692 ( 2 ) l o g x = - 1 . 6308
p.36 2 .
(1) l o g x = 4.3692 4 x 5
. , 1og23.4 = 1.3692
x 23.4 . . ' . x = 23400
(2) l o g x = - 2 + 0.3692 -2 x
0 . 1og23.4 = 1.3692
x 23.4
. . ' . x=0.0234
 3. 3 9

3
0
’ l o g 2 = 0.3010, 1og3=0.4771
(1) 6100 ( 2 ) {(55)5}5 ( 3 ) 230X32o
(4) 5-30 ( 5 ) 223--33

1ogA=n + O.x x x x < A (n+1

l o g A = - n + O.x x x x 4 A
0

(1) 1og6'oo=loolog6=100(log2+ log3)=100(0.3010+0.4771)=77.81

1og610 77 6100 78
(2) log { (55)5}5= 10g55x5x&= 1og5125=125(log 10- 1og2)
= 125( 1 - 0.3010)=87. 375
log { (55)5}5 87 {(55)5}5 88
(3) log (230 X 320)=30 1og2+ 20 1og3=30 X 0.3010+20 X 0.4771=18.572
, log (23o X320 18 X 320 19
(4) log 5-3o= - 30(log 10- 1og2)= - 3 0 ( 1 - 0.3010)= -20.97= - 2 1 + 0.03
, log 5-30 -21 5 - 30 21
0
(5) log(2200÷3300)=2001og2-3001og3
=200 X 0.3010-300 X 0.4771=- 8 2 . 93=- 8 3 + 0.07
, log (23 33o -83 220 330( 83
0
3-' .
’ 1og2=0.3010, 1og3==0.4771
(1) 23 ( 2 ) 652 ( 3 ) (tan6o ")10 ( 4 ) 21 x3'.
L I J (1) 16 (2) 41 (3) 24 (4) 35
2 . 0
. 1og2=0.3010, 1og3=0.4771
(1) 3-3 ( 2 ) (sin45 ')3o ( 3 ) VO.0009
(1) 10 (2) 5 (3)
40 3 .

3 - 2 1 o g 2 = 0.3010, log 3=0.4771, 1og7=0. 8451

(1) 330
(2) 65--75o 061
,

5263
5 .

log A = 2.4256 , log A 2 A

3 log A 0.4256 log 2
0.3010 log 3 0.4771 .
log 2=0.3010 1og200=2.3010
1og3=0.4771 l o g 300=2.4771
.' . 1og200<l o g A < 1og300 . ' . 200<A < 300
A 2
(1) log 33o=30 log 3=30 X 0.4771=14.313
, log 330 14 33 1 5 -
, log(2 x 10'4)=1og2+l 4 l o g l o = 14.3010
log (3 X 10'4)= log 3+14 log 10=14.4771
.'. log(2X1Q'4)< 1og330<log(3X10'4) . . . 2 X 1 0 '4<330<3X10'4
330 2 - L
(2) log(650--730)= 5 0 l o g 6 - 50log7=50(log2+ 1og3)-501og7
=50(0.3010+0.4771-0.8451)= - 3 . 35= - 4 + 0.65
65o÷ 750 0

, logO.0004=log (104x 22)= -41og 10+21og2= - 4 + 0.602

log 0.0005= log (104x 5)= - 4 log 10+ log 5= - 4 + 0.699
.' . logo.0004< log(630÷730)< 1og0.0005
.' . 0.0004<65 75o<0.0005
4 - L
3 - 3. 1og2=0.3010, 1og3=0.4771
(1) 32
(2) 27'.0÷ 5200 . ( (1)3 (2)2
 3. 4 1

3 7100 85 , 11100 105

(1) 725 ( 2 ) 7720

7100 85 log 71oo=84. xx×

(i) log7'o0=84+a (O a<1) ( i i ) 84 log'P <85

log 725 log 7720
(11
M-I A
(i) l o g A = ( n - 1)+ a ( 0 a < 1)
(ii) n - 1 ` l o g A < n
(1) 7100 85 8 4 ` log 7100<85
". 8 4 ` 1001og7<85 . . . 0 . 8 4 ` 1og7<0.85 0
.'.0 . 84 X25`251og7<0.85X25 . . . 2 1 ` 1og725<21.25
log 725 21 725 22 ·
(2) 11100 105 1 0 4 ` 1og11100< 105
.'.1 0 4 ` l 0 0 l o g l l < 105 . . . 1 . 0 4 ` l o g l l < 1.05 0
(2),(2 1 . 8 8 ` 1og7+l o g l l < 1.90
... 1.8 8 ` 1og77<1.90
20 1 . 8 8 X 2 0 ` 201og77< 1.90 X20
. ' . 37.6 ` 1og7725<38
log 7720 9 37 7720J 3 8 -
*Note 1og7, logli 1og7, logli

3 - 4. 23'0 137 ’ 2323 . L132

I3 - 5 . α ,b I α10 9 , Io 11
’
(1) a5 ( 2 ) b7 (3) (ab)3
(1) 5 (2) 8 (3) 6
3-6 . α ,b α2 7 , ab3 20
b . F 6
 42 3 .

I 3-4 10 x < 100 , logx logx2

x

1og3000=3.4771, log30=1.4771

log 3000-log 30= 2, l o g 30-log 3000= - 2

l

1ogx2-l o g x = 2 l o g x - l o g x = logx

10 x< 100 loglo l o g x < logloo . ' . 1 logx <2

. '. l o g x = 1 . ' . x = 10 -[ 1
Vote '0 1 '
. 4 p.37
c r. l
10 x< 100 logx 1
logx α
l o g x = 1 + a ( 0 a < 1) . . . ( Z ) . ' . 1ogx2=21ogx=2 + 2a " .
. 1 ...` _.a . ' . - . 1 , ,_ a t. ^ . s I -.-1
(D α , ii-ci r2 2α '
` '7 v - " - 2 C I I , '-' . v -v I -- I I _'__ -" I
α=2a .'. a=0
(2 l o g x = 1 . ' . x=10
(ii) - -- a<1 , 1ogx2==2+2a=3+(2a- 1) 0<2 a - 1<1
1ogx2 2a-1
α=2a-1 . ' . a=1
a<1 F l x=10
log A 'z , α
l o g A = n + a (0<a < 1)
l.3 - 7 . x
(1) logx 2 logα log ' ·
(2) logx 5 ’ logx logrF
1 . (1) x = 100 (2) x = 105XVii
 3. 4 3

§2 ,

5 1000 L%, l 10
,
’ l o g l . 02=0.0086, l o g l . 22=0.0860

α γ ,1
1 a + a r = a (1+r ) ,
2 a (1+r ) + a (1+r ) r = a (1+r ) 2,
3 a ( l + r ) 2+a (1+r ) 2 r = a (1+r ) 3, …
n α(1+r )
α r, 1
S S = a (1+r ) '
10 1000(1+0.02)10=l000x 1.0210
x = 1.02'o l o g x = logl.0210=lOlog 1.02==10X0.0086=O.0860
l o g l . 22=0.0860 x = 1.22
1000 X 1.22=1220
J l α γ
1 α + a r = a (1+ r),
2 α ( 1 + r α H γ γ α Hr)2,
3 α ( 1 + r)2+ a(1+ r)2 r = a (1+ r)3,
n α(i+r )

w 3-8 . 100 2%, l I

20
l o g l . 02=0.0086, l o g l . 49=0.1720 . F 11 4 9
3-9 . 10 . 1
, 30
, log 1.01=0.0043, log 1.35=0.1290 .L 13 5
J3-' o . 10 .
3 , 10
l o g l . 03=0.0128, logl. 34=0.1280 .II13 4
44 3 .

6 x ,
’ z
z = 2xay1_a α 0<a < 1
2016 2003
2 4 ’ 2016 2003 2.5
. , α . 1og2=0.3

2003 α ,b ,
t 2016 2a, 4b ,
2.5t
z=2 f y ' α α

2003 α,b
t
t = 2a' b ' α 0
’ 2016 2a,
4b , 2.5 t
2.5 t = 2(2a)a(4b)l_a
.' . 2.5 t = 2aabl_a2a4l_a=2aabl_α22_a
(2 2 . s t = tx22_a ... 22 α =2.5

(2- a) log2=log2.5 . ' . 2 - a= log2.5l g2

·'· . = 2 - log2.5=2 - 1- 2,1og2=2 - 1- 2.X0.3= 2a=2

2=1· g
-= 1.33
2

3 - u1. A , B A x,B
S
S= kxayI-a k 0 < a< 1)
2010 2015 A 21%, B
10% 15% ’ α
. , lricYl. 1=(1.ulA1A , 1 nu1. 1S=A.hiR1'17 . r E r 193
, - , - - ,-,--,-,-',-I,-,-_,-,- , - , - I , - , - L _ J
 3 . 4 5

1 1 o g 2 - 0.3010, 1og3=0.4771

(1) logO.72 ( 2 ) logVsin600 ( 3 ) log F18

2 a, ,c 5 ,6 ,7 , a2b

3 7X 15 ,
1og7=0.8451
(1) x
(2) (1 xo∥

3-4 5 x ,
-4 y l o g x - logy
-2 -1 0 l 2

3-5 x, y logx logy "i, n

, )fl n2=4 x, y (x, y

3-6 N α , α
0.4 < a'< 0.5 . , N
D16 17 1 8 1 9 2 0

3-7 loglOx log

3-8x I 2 x 3 - 11x2+ ax+ b=0 3 ,
logA , a, b .

3-9 x logx / ( x ) , g(x

,

-1. f (x)= g (x x=1

1- 1 0 - (5o)x10 50)= 50
. f (lOx)g (lOx)= f (x)g (x) +g (x)

1 - 1,L . 1 , 1_ , Z
 46 3 .

3 - 10 1
10 . 10 ,

, 1og3=O.477, 1og3.47=0.540
3-l i . 2016
15 2001 2 . 2007
2001 %
’ l o g l . 32==0.12, 1og2=0.3(

3 - 12 4:3 A, B . A 27 ,
B
log 2=0.3010, log 3=0.4771, log 2.229=0.3480 .

3 - 13 .
1km 1km 99

,
log2=0.3010, 1og9.9 = 0.9956 .
( D64km 66km 68km 70km 72km

3 - 14 ,
P,
E P = 201og255-logE , E>0 .
A, B PA, PB
, (EA>0), En(ER>0
PA - PB=1 , EB=kEA k

3 - 15 .
t , x
y .
, . 1 . ' . 17 2-irs.Xi . - i . , .-. - -.i , , ` ,
log y A - log t / K
1
2 α ’ 4
d ·
,Z
 4z

/
·

§ ,

x ax
y = a ' ( a > O, a * 1) 0
α x
x logax
y = logax ( a > O, a # 4 ) 0
α x
(2
x = logay ( a > O, a * 1)
x (2),

α ’ = loga X

[ α
,=2x
x = … , - 1 , 0, 1, 2, 3, …
x, y
(x, y

*Note x = L5
y = 2' "5=2 X 2."5=2 X f2 2 X 1.414=2.828
 48 4 .

a>1 0<a < 1

y = 3X,

y=
y=

y= α
a>1 ’
0<a < 1

∼ ”α α o , a * 1"
(1) R ’ b y
(2) (0, 1
(3) y = 0(x
(4) a > 1 , 0<a < 1
I.

' . f 1 \ X= - - " 1→ → ^ X O ] - 1→1 3 I O L

*Note y 7 4==. y. =^ 2'x0 y=2 ' y/ - l 1
7 1 1 '1131'
y

. . 1 y=2
(1) ( l ) x ( 2 ) y = _2x ( 3 ) y = 2:+ 1 ( 4 ) y = 2!- '
` /

. / l . . ^--Y
U) Y = t - - ) Y = Z" y = 2x y
' " I

(2) y = _ 2 x 4 = _ y = 2x 4 y=2x x
(3) y = 2x+1 4 = y - 1 = 2x y = 2x y 1
(4) y = 2X_l y==2 1
(1) y ( 2 ) y ( 3 ) y ( 4 )
 4. 4 9

! = loga X
y = log2x, y = log x

x" , 1,2,4,8, ···

x ,
x, y (x, y

a> 1 O<a < 1

y = logax
a>1 ’ 0 < a<1

*Note y = log x < y = -1og2x y = logzx y = log x

x
c - e i y = logax y = ax
y = 1ogα X = ax
) = x
I : =ax y = logax

a>1 0<a < 1

=x

y=1og,x
50 4 .

k)gax( a > O, a44

(1) x>O R
(2) (1, 0
(3) x = 0(y
(4) a > 1 , 0<a < 1

I2 ,= log2x
(1) y=log2( - x) ( 2 ) y==log2_- (3) y=log2( x - 1) ( 4 ) y==log22x
(1) y = log2( - x ) y = log2x y
(2) l0g:1 (2
-4 = y = -l
g
1
)y= g2x y = 1og2x x
(3) y = 1og2( x - 1) y = log2x x 1
(4) y==log22x < y = 1og22+log2x < y - 1 = log2x
4 y = 1og2x y 1

H" - P logz(x-1)
0 (4) y
y x)
og21
lh∼ n
-1 -U 0 ' ,12

3 y = 2log3x y = log3x2
y = 2 log3x x y
1 1 y=21og3 x y= log3x2
x=..., ---, -s--,1,3, 9," '
, 0 1

<Z) (2)
e
x x 0
y = log3x2 2 0 x
.

x=.., 1, 3, 9, ···
y ,
y = 2log3x
y = log3x2 x * O, x
Jote y = 31og3x y= log3x3 x .
 4. 5 1

4-i T: (x,y ) - ( x + m,y + n

(1) ,= 32x T y = 81X32X+1
m, n
(2) y = 1ogz3x T y = log2( 6 x - 24
m, n

I T x m ’ n

T : ( x , y ) - ( x + m, y + n
(x, y ) = O ( x - m, y - n ) = O

(1) y = 81X32x+1 4z y _ 1 = 3432X < y _ _J=32(X+2)

y = 81X32 1 y = 32X x -2
1
.'. m = -2, n = 1 ----- Li
(2) y = log2 (6x -24) 4 y = 10g22(3x -12)
4== y = =10g22+log2( 3 x - 12)
4==' y - 1 = 10g23(x--4)
y = log2( 6 x - 24 y = logz3x x 4
, 1 .
. '. m = 4, n = 1 ·
Vote (1
y==32X T
_ 32(X-m) y = 32x3_2rn+
y==81X32X+1 3_2m=81 m = -2, n= 1

w 4-i . y = 23" T
y × 23c_2 T . I T: ( x , y) + 1 , g - 2)
J

■ 4-2 . T : ( x , y) - - + m, y + n y = 3X
,,
y==2(3x+ 1 , 3m+2 . ■
o

· ■ 4-3 . y = 10g32x T: y) - + m, y + n
y = logs (54x -108
)n, n m=2, iz= 3
 52 4 .

4-2 y = logiox
(1) logioP=O.1, logioQ=O.3, y = 1oglx
10g1o R= 0. 8 , P2Q/ 0.9
0.7
0.6
1 a b 0.4
0.2
c d
(2) 10X=α x

y = log1ox x>0

y = f (x f (a)= f (b) 4== a = b

. logjo d=0.9 1og1ox=0.9
x r

(1) log1 P 2 Q I i i = log1 P2+ logi Q + 1ogi f i

=21 g P+ l gi Q + 41 g1 R
L
', . . ,, . ,, ., . 1.. , . - , , ^
== ?ctJ.1 - t--U.s =:=- 2 u . b== U .

logiod=0.9 ’ y = logiox
log1 PZQ/ =log1 d P2QfW=d L E 1
(2) 10 =α logioa=x
I logio a=0.4 x = rO.4 ÷

. 4-4 . y = 10x y==10X

(1) P = 10' , Q = 100"6 , p3xI

Wa b c
/
(2) logi a2bc
W1.4 1.6 1 . 8
W2.0 2 . 2
[ J (1) (2) 00.10.3050.709 x
 4. 5 3

4-3
(1) y = 2X3 2 ( 2 ) y = 2 + log3( x + 1)
(3) y = 1ogio( x + / x 2 _ 1 ) ( , x 1)

·
/

- y = f (x x = g (y)
x = g(x
(1) X=r{ x , Y== y>0
(2) X={ x > -1 Y= y
(3) X={ x 1 Y={ y 0
(1) y = 2x3 2( y > 0) J y = 2x3_2X3X
. . . 3x=9 ' . · . l0g. 93=
.j-y (y >0)
g
-'iyx1
6

` 9
x y y= 10g3 x(x>0) I) y - Iog3-- - x
o
* Note >0 x>0
(2) y = 2 + 10g3( x + 1) ( y y - 2 = log3 (x + 1)
.'. 3 - 2=x + 1 . ' . x = 3y-2 - 1 ( y
x y Y = 3X_2 - 1 y = 3X_2_1
(3) yz=1ogio( x + γ 2 _ 1 ) (y 0)
10'==x+x 2 - 1 , loy ` T
102' - 2X 10' X x + x2=x 2 - 1
.' . . . . . , . '
..'. 2 '<'1flYX. γ""=1IlZY 1 " .
1 / (1flY-4
. ^ . , 1. f.l - Y' ( 1 7, >/ (,f l,,,
- - -- - - -., " - ' - 7 2 ' " ' -j-" / ` ' v/
x y ( l o x + 10_x) (x O) - L I E I 1
A

4-5 .
(1) y = 3X
(2),= 2x+1 (3)y 2' -2- ' )
(4) y r l 0 g l 0 X (5) y = 10g3( x - 1) (6) y==1+logi ( x - 2)
(1) 1.g3 (2) 1.g21- x(=
)lp
yog2-
x(2
3
g
o
1 (3) y==1og2( x + v ? i i )
(4) y = 10x ( 5 ) y = 3X 1 (6) y = l0 +2
54 4 .

§2 . .

4
(1) y = 2l_c ( , - 1 x 1 ) ( 2 ) Y 3X2_X ( , O x 2)
(3) y = 4X_2X+3 ( , 2 x 3)

(1) y = 21_x = 2X2_x = 2( _ ( - 1 x 1)

\ 1.. I

.
x=-1 , y = 21+I = 4
x=1 ’ y = 2l-1=l
4, 1

(2)Y==3X2_X 3 X X l , - '--') (O<x 2)

` L /

.
^_11. 1_1 '1-, ' , ` ^ / 3 \2 9 l
i-= 9 ’ y= I =
.4, . ' I! I - I II · -' - I /%fl" '_ ' \ 2 1 4
^_11 , 1 I , ∼1 -4 1/Z#_#fl e / 3 \O , '
==u n y = =[ = ` ' = l ·
\ L,I

1
(3) y = (2x)2 - 23x2x ( 2 x ` 3)
2x= t 4`t 8 ’ l
y = t2-8 t = ( t - 4)2 - 16

t = 8 (x=3 0 '1
t = 4 (x=2 -16)

4-6 .
(1), - ( 1 \-2 '3 ( 2 ) y = / 1 \X- 6 ' 1(1
-6-) +1 ( , - 2 x O)
=
)(2

(1) (2) -4, -8

 4. 5 5

4-5
(1) 3 x 5 y = 10g2 (x -1
(2) log8( x 2 - 4 x + 12 x
(3) x, y x + y = 18 log x + log y
x, y

a>1

y = logax
a>1 , 0 1 x 0 1
0<a < 1 l
.
a>1 x ,x
O<a < 1 x ,x y
(1) y = 10g2( x - 1 1
x=5 y = =10g2( 5 - 1)= 1og24=2
x=3 y = log2( 3 - 1)=10g22=1
2' 1
(2) x 2 - 4 x + 12 logs( x 2 - 4 x + 12
x 2 - 4 x + 12=( x - -2) 8 8
10g8( x 2 - 4 x + 12 x=2 , 10g88=1
· x=2 1
(3) x + y = 18 y = - x + 18
log x+ log y= log xy 1
xy log x+log y ·
y 18)= - x 1 8 x = - ( x - 9) 8 1 ` 81
l o g f x + log y x=9 log 81=- 4 ·
LJEIJ x = 9, y = 9 -4
7 . log .i( x 2 x + 11 . I I - 1
8 . x > O, y > O x + y = 10 , 1og5x + 1og5y
x, y x = 5, y==5 2
56 4 .

6
(1) x 2 , y = 2(log22x) 10g2(2x) 210g2x +2
x
(2) y = 100x 10gx x

(1) 1ogz2x= 1og22+ 1og2x, 1og2(2x)2=2(1og22+ 1og2x)

10g2x= t t
x>0 t x 2 t 1

0
(2) . , x>0
/>0 .
. logy

(1) y = 2(1+10g2x)2+2( 1 + logzx)+21og2x+2

log2x== t x 2 t = log2x 1
y = 2(1+ t)2+2(1+ t)+ 2 t + 2 = 2( t + 2)2 - 2
t = 1(x==2 ’ y = =2(1+2)2 - 2 = 16
I I x=2 16
(2) y = 100x2÷xb0gx
logy= log (ioOx2 b0gc)= log 100+ logx2- log x'og
==-(logx)2+21ogx+2 = - ( l o g x - 1)2+3 0
logx== 1 logy 3
1ogx= 1 x=1 0 , l o g y = 3 y = 1000
x = 10 1000
* Note <2 logx=t . ,t

4 - 9. 2 x 4 ,
(1) y = (logzx)2 - log2 x2+ 5 ( 2 ) y = (log.x ) 2 - l o g x 2 + 5
!- (1) 5' 4 (2) 13, 8

10 . =100 l.gx . ioo

 4 . 5 7

4-7
(1) ( )=2α C+2a_X 8 α
(2) a > 1, b > 1 , loga2 b + logb a2
(3 < - -<-9c , H0oitv Y l r c '
WI 4 ∼ I I , U I I ` ./U/ ' . 'a..'U' ',a x - . - .' ^ - .'^ ,.' ^ -.'

a > O, b > O α b>,, α=b

4

, a, b
(1) x 2α4x>o, 2a-x > o
2a+x + 2a_x 2`/2a+c2a_x = 2I 2a =2 "+1 x=0
/(x 2α 1 .
2α 1=8 . ' . 2a+1_23 . ' . a = 2 + -
(2) a > 1, b > 1 logab>0, logba>0

·'· l o g i b+ logb 21logaz b Xlogb d = 2 / - - loga b X 210gb a

=2 α2=b L i 2

(3) <x<25 1og4x>0,log >0

.'.log4x+log 2γlog4xxlog x=
1og4x+log =log(4xX )=logloor=2
2 2γlog4xXlog- . . . l o g 4 x X l o g - `1 I 1 1

w 4-il. a>0 α α . 2

4 - 12. x + 2 y - 2 = 0 ’ 3X+9Y . [ 16

I- 4 - 13. x > 1 , y = log2x+logX16

4

4 - 14. 1 < x < 100 , y = l o g x X log1

·4'
L11
 58 4 . =

A /F ' :
4 y = logzx

y = log23x y = 1og2( 2 x + 1) y = o 1 - 1ogzx

y = 21og2x+1 ( D y = 2 - log2( 1 - x )
4-2
(1) y = 2 ( 2 ) y = log2 x
(3) y = lloga( x - 1)I ( 4 ) Iy iog x
4-3 g
f : ( x , y) - ( x + logz3, y - 1), g : ( x , y) - ( y , x )
(1) go y = 2c
(2) f o g y = log2x
` ■ ^ - 1 - 1 ^ - , → v . - - - - '

-4 y=z l γ y = 02 1
y = f (x
(1) f (x y=/
(2) P

5 / ( x ) = atx_l g (x)= a 1 →
x=2
f (4)+ g (4)= , α , O<a < 1

4-6 i = k x 3x y = 3_X, y = _ 4 X 3 X + 8
P, Q . P Q x 1:2
0<k < 1 , k

7
(1) f (x)= 2 " ' f ( h (x)) =2x x>O h (x)
(2) f (x)=logz( x + 1 h ( f (x)) =2x h(x)
(3) f (log2x)= 2 x / ) ) =4x " h(x)
 4. 5 9

8 (x)r=2 -1 y=f (x)

y=x . y r f (x) y =x
x α b(O<a < b
’ ,
(1) b _ a < 2b_2a
(2) b (2a_1 ) < a (2b_1)

4-9 7== 2 - x ;=log2x, y = log3x

(Xi, Yi), (X2, ,
(1) Xi, Y2 ( 2 ) X2-X1, Y 1 - Y2 ( 3 ) XiYi, X2Y2
10 /(x x / ( x + 2) = f (x
'"
2- " , 2 " ' '
4-- 2 -' 4-1' · . .'.' =9
' 7 " - '·.7
" - ' '- I_I I
y = f (x 5 n

11 ' '== . 4 " " ' ' ' ' ' .'
- ' " ' 4X+2 " " ' " - " ...' - " " . '

(1)f(x)+f(1-x) (2)/ +/ +/ … /
4 - 12 y αγ'∼3 3 , a>1 8 , α
D4 8 1 6 3 2 6 4

4 , 13 =2(1'og γ")2 I'( 4Y --1-h = " ' 1 '

- - I I I .7 " ` '" M"/ ' ' " '-' L 2 ' v ∼ ^ 2 " - "' -" ∥ " = - .'
, a+ b
1 2 3 4 - 5

4 - 14 / ( x ) = x 2 - 2 x + 10 , 0`x ` 1), g (x)= l o g a x

(gof)(x -1 α .
15
(1) Y = 4X+4 X - 2(2X+2X
(2) y - 310gx x b0g3_ 3(31ogx Iog3

416 x 1, y l x2y=16 , logzx X log2y

4 - 17 x > O, y > O ,
(1) l o g x + l o g y = 2 , x+4y
^ , , . . , . . 1 a1 1 / - . 1 , . 1 ^, 1 11 -.1 C . - 1 ^ j →1
(91' It4-'-l--i,=Lt' 1c1cT".1T ÷ ,'og ' ' '
1_fl . " I .7 - t I I , ' '-'' f -v 4 ' 4 ' "a-- ,./. - ,./.I -, 7'. a'. I - r I -.'
 6

§1 ,

4X_ 3x-1=2x,22x_2,c_2=0

4X 22x=25 .'. 2x=-5 ·

> 3X-1=2X :
log3x_l = log2x . . ' ( x - 1)log3=x log2 . . ' x l o g 3 - 1og3=x log2

·'· 1.g3- l.g2 l . g3 · ' · =I,g log3(1

)x=og3,g2
-l2
3
g
o
2 - 2 ' - -2=0 : 2" = X ( X > O X 2 - X - 2=O
. . . ( X - 2)( X + 1)= 0 . ' . X = 2 ( '. ' X > O) , 2x=2 . ' . x = r l

(1 4X= 3X-1==2x
α (x) αg(x
f (x)= g (x . a > O, a * 1)
αf(x)= b g (x)21
log a(x)= logbg (x . , a>O, a4rl, b > O, b 4 1 )
(2) : 22x--2x_ 2=0
a' = X ( X > 0 x
 5. 6 1

5-i x
(1) 3x22_x = 6c ( 2 ) 2 + 1 x 3 = 32 '
(3) x77=( J ) x ( , x > O) ( 4 ) ( x + i ) c = 3x ( , x > - 1 )

… 1
12= 13, i 4 = i7
1

α αg f(x)= g (x) ar=1

0
20=30, 50==70
0

m > 0, n > 0, m / =n' => m=n E f (x)= 0

(1) 3X22_X==6X 3X22-X==3X2X

y 0 22_ = 2x . ' . 2 - x = x . ' . x = 1 ·
(2) 2 1X3=32 l I 2 x + 1=32x . ' . log2xhi=10g32x
... (x+1)l o g 2 = 2xlog3 . ' . (21og3-log2)x = log2
. -- log2
" 21og3-1og2 -
(3) x7T=( I ) x x7i=x x
xn=
l1 x ' " .'. x = 4( ": x > 0)
x=1 11= 11 x = 1, 4
(4) ( x + 1)c = 3x x*0 x+1=3 x=2
x=0 P = 30 [ 1 x = 0, 2
5-i . x
, *

(1)(1)X=3 (2) =81 (3) 23x8+6x2+3=82x3 2 2

(4) 3X=3><23X ( 5 ) x = (x ( x > 0) ( 6 ) ( x _ 2)x_3=5x_3 ( x > 2)
·
(1)x= (2) :=-l,2(3):=3(4):=l,gIog3(2
g3_31 g2
X
4
,(3
-1
)x=
(5) x = 1, 2 ( 6 ) x = 3, 7
 62 5 .

5-2
(1) 4X_2 2_32=O . . I 3 x + 3y=12
(2) (2+I T ) x+(2_J ) x=4 ( 3 ) i3 =27
(1) 2x=t ( t > 0

(2)2- (" (2+ ")=,, =(2+r)1

(3) 3x=x ( x > o), 3 = Y ( Y > 0

(1) 4X=(22)X=(2 2x+z=2cx2z=4x2c

(2x)2_4 X 2x_32=0
2x=t ( t > 0 t 2 - 4 t - 32=0 . ' . - 8 ) ( t + 4)= 0
t>0 t=8 , 2x=8 . ' . x = 3 --

(2) 2- /T= 2+ 1 =(2+r ) 12+/

(2+r . ) x = t ( t > 0 (2-./ ' =r '
t 1 = 4 . ' . t 2 - 4t + 1=0 . ' . t = 2 J
t = 2+./7 γ ) x =2+J T x=1
t=2 - f (2+T ) ' =2-/ = ( 2 + / T ) ' ' x=-1
. . . . , - ..,' . , - . , , ,- .- ^ ' → . ^ - . 1 x 1
2u7' == X ( Y 2 u
3X+3Y=12 ) ( + Y = 12
3X+Y=27' 3X3Y==27 X Y = 27
X = 3, Y = 9 X = 9, Y = 3
X = 3, Yrz9 3 x = 3, 3Y=9 . ' . x = 1 , y = 2'
X = 9, Y = 3 3 X = 9, 3Y=3 . ' . x = 2, y = 1.

5-2 .
(1) 9X_7X3X_18=0 (2) (4+f i 7 + ( 4 - I T ) '=8
. ( 2 x + 2Y=20 . . (2 3+9Y+1=35
(4) 1 x .
(3)1. 2' * ,=64 (8i+3 =[j
P) (1)x=2(2) x= 1(3) x=2, y='t x=4, y=2(4) x=2,
5 - 3. 2 _2_x=2 ’ 8X . 1 7+ 57
 5. 6 3

5-3 . ,α
(1) α2x_2ax+ 1=0 a>1
(2) 4x+a_2x+%22α 2= 0
α

(1) ( 2 ) 2_3 x 2 x + 2 = o α,β

(2a)2_3 x 2 a + 2 = o, ( 2 β ) 2 - 3x2β+ 2 = 0
. 2X 2α, 2β 2x=t ( t > 0
t 2 - 3t + 2=0 2 ', 2β
a(2x)2+ bx2' + c = O α,β I,
at2+b t + c = 0 2a, γ
(2) t = 2x x { t>0
x α(2 +bX2' + c = 0 t
αt2+ bt+ c=0
2c= t t

l (1) a2x_2a 2+1 = 0 ( a x ) 2_2a2ax+1 = 0

α β αx=t ( t > o
β - 2 d t + 1=0 αα , αβ
αaafl=l . ' . a' β=1
a>1 α+β=O - Ia
(2) 4x+a _ 2x+4+ 22α 2=o 4 a (2x)2_242x+ 22α-2=0 0
2x= t t>0 , 4at2_24t+22a+2=0 ( 2 )
<2 (I

>0, >0
0
.'. D = ( - 24)2 - 4 x4a x22α 2=(;l . . . 2 8 = 24α-4
. '. 8 = 4 a + 4 . ' . a = 1 - 1 1
5 - 4. x 2 + 2_xr=a ,a 2
. 0
5 - 5. x 4x=2x+1+α
α . -1<a<0
 64 5 .

§2 .

□
logzx + log2 (x - 2)= 3, (log x)2= logx2, x 'ogx=x

> l o g 2 x + log2( x - 2)_ 3 0j : 10g2x+log2( x - 2)= 3 0

10g2x(x -2)= 3 (2:)
.'. x ( x - 2)=23 . ' . x = - 2 , 4
x = - 2 (2 (2
. . ' . `=4
eJ lc x > O, x - 2 > O x>2
@ x( x - 2)>O <0, x > 2
(2 . ,<2 x = -2, 4

, .
> ( l o g x ) 2=1ogx2 : logx = X
X2=2X . ' . x ( x - 2)= o . ' . X = O 2
x=o l o g x = O ∼ x = 1, X = 2 l o g x =2 . ' . x = 100
> 1ogx :
logx'ogx=logx . . . l o g x x l o g x = logx . . . ( l o g x ) 2 - logx==O
.'. (logx)( l o g x - 1)=O . ' . l o g x = O 1 ∼ x = 1, 10

(1) logaf(x)= l o g a g (x) 1ogaf(x)= b

. : 1og2x+ logz( x - 2)=3
loga f(x)=loga g(x) 4 = f (x)= g (x) , f (x) >0, g (x)> 0
1ogaf(x)= b < f (x)= a '
(2) logax=X . : (logx)2 - 1ogx2
(3) . : logx=
 5. 6 5

5-4
(1) log2x+log( x - 1)= l o g (x2+3)
(2) log2( x - 5)=log4( x - 2)+ 1
(3) 3logxlO+ logiox=4

(1) logaf(x) = loga g(x

(2), (3)

g.' = 1ogblogab
a, g.‘
g
1 1logab=lgba

IogaA a > 0, a * 1, A > 0

(1) l o g 2x(x -1) = log (x2+ 3)

.'.2 x ( x - 1)= x 2 + 3 ∼ x 2 - 2 x - 3 = O . ' . x = =-1, 3 0
x=- 1 . LEI x=3
. , , l 0 g 2 2,' 1 , / . , . . ∼ .
(7l, 10g4( - - 9 ' = ' " - ' = = 1 o a i i - - 9 ' 1 = 1rc2901
' " ^ '' l o g 2 4 2 ' ‘ '' " / ' 'u ∼

log2(x-5)= log2(x-2)+ 1ogz2

.'. 2logz( x - 5)=10g2( x - 2)+10g24 . ' . log2( x - 5)2=10g24( x - 2)
.'. ( x - 5)2=4( x - 2) . ' . x 2 - 14x+33=O . ' . x = 3, 11
x=3 . x = 11
→ → `,1-71A1 ^
(3). logJO=
, 1
loi ojl' -g
ix l0 3 . .
. +logiox=4l ix
g
.'. (logi x ) 2 - 4logi x + 3 = O . ' . (Iogi x - 1)(logi x - 3)= O
. ' . logiox=1 3 . ' . x = 10, 1000 - P 1
* Note (1 2 x > O, x - 1 > O, x2+3 > O x>1
. (2 x==3 .

5-6 .
(1) log( 2 x - 1)+ l o g ( x - 9)= 2 ( 2 ) 2(logx)2=7 l o g x - 3
(3) log2( x - 3)=10g4( x - 1) ( 4 ) 1og 4- 10g2x=1
(1) x=13 (2) x=1000, 1111 (3) x=5 (4) x=--, 2
 66 5 .

5-5
(1) 1og 1000 2=0
(2)5 g l.g5-3(5l.g 1.g5)+ 5 = 0

(1) x10gx

x' g ' = 1000x2

,

(2) b0g5= 5logx

αIogbe=r
logb log‘ α . c-Iogbc×l0gbα l0gbα× l o g ' c=logbcbgbα
.' . t= c1o&z , a 'gac= c10"
αk)g b c - CJogba p.30

(1) x10gx -1000x2=0

l o g x X 1ogx= log 1000+ Iogx2
.'. (logx)2 - 2 l o g x - 3 = 0 . . . ( l o g x + 1)( i o g x - 3)= 0
.' . logx=- 1 l o g x = 3 . ' · x=0.1, 1000
x>0 . x=0 . 1, 1000
(2) 10g5 5IOgX 510gX×5l.g x - 3(5iogx+5' "g + 5 = 0
.'. (51ogx)2_ 6 X 510gX+ 5=o . ' . (51ogx_1)(51ogx.. 5 ) = o
.'. 5logx= 1 510gx==5 . ' . log x =0 logx=1
.'. x = 1, 10 - ri
. r I p.50
logx2*21ogx . 1ogx2 x2>0, x*0
2 logx x>0 . 1ogx2=21o
(1 logx x>0
. 1ogx2=21ogx

5-7 .
(1) IOgX=1o4 a ( 2 ) 2'g x 1ogZ_210gX+1+ 1=0
(1) x = 0.1, 10000 (2) x = 1
 5 . 6 7

56
. , . 13' 2 ' = 576 , - . ' 11ogx4-1og 3=5 . ^ . l x y = 8
U) 1log7= =4 ).1g
4I. 1 g : 2 - 1 g,27=5
(y-x)= 1 x'.82' = 4 (x y)

(1), (2)

,
(1) 3x2Y=576 0 l o g i i ( y - x)= 4
(2 y - x=(Jr)4 y=x+4 <2>
(2 (2 3X2X+4==576 . ' . 3X2X=36 . . . 6 x = 62
.'. x r 2 . ' . y = 6( ' .' )
x = 2, y = 6
L ! E1 x = 2, y = 6
(2) 2Iogx2-1ogy3=5 0 1 o g z 2 - 31og,3==5 0
1og 2 = X , log,3 = Y
0 2X-Y=5 0 X - 3Y=5 0
, X = 2, Y = - 1 . ' . 1og 2=2, 1og,3 : - 1
1og 2=2 x 2 = 2 . ' , x = J T ( '. ' x > O, x * 1)

1og,3=-1 y-1=3·'· γ
(3) xy==8 2
logzxy=logz8 . ' . log2x+ log2y=3 0
1og' ,==4 2
1og2 1og' 1og24 . ' . logzy x logzx =20
X 3 (2),(2 l o g 2 x = 2, log2y=1
. ' . x=4, y = 2 -
5-8 .
. . . (x-2 y = 8 . → . ( 2 x 3 , +l=108 . ^ . ( 1 o g y = 1
U) 1l0g Iog 1 ( Z)lg
Iy11. l g x y = 1
x+ 1 yI02X=4
. . . I1ng 4-1cg,2 = 2 . - . ( x v = 105
tl gxl6+l gy8=- 1 ( . 5 tXb0:,=l06 (x y)
(1) x = 10, y = 1 ( 2 ) x = 2 , y = 2 ( 3 ) x = y = 2 7γ
. . , 1 ^ ∼ ,,
(Lfl =A' (5 = 1Mfl, n = 1tUl
` '/ =' 2 ' '-'i
68 5 .

5-7
(1) x x 2 - ( a b + 1)x + αl0g2 16=0 4, 5
, α,b
(2) l o g 5 x X l o g x + l o g 2 X l o g x - 3==0

(1)
(2) α x α(logx) b logx + c= 0 a*0
a(log a) b l o g a + c=0 logα logx=t t
at2+ bt+ c=0 .
a(logx) b l o g x + c=0 α , β
at2+ b t + c = 0 }oga, l o g β
logx=t ,
(1)
4+5 = a b + 1, 4X5=ral0g2' + 16 , ab=8, a1 z' = 4
2
1og2a+1og2b=3, log2bX1og2a=2
. " logza=1, log2 b=2 10g2a=2, logzb=1
. . a = 2, b = 4 a = 4, b = 2' -
(2) ( 1 o g 5 + logx)l o g x + 1og2X l o g x - 3 - 0
.'. (1ogx)2+(log 5+ log 2)l o g x - 3=0 . ' . ( l o g x ) 2+ l o g x - 3=0
α’ β logx= t
t2+t - 3 = 0 log a, logβ

, . , , ' . , , ' ,, ^- - 1
1og,y
' u ”“
1taiq=- 1
'J
" ' i . ,-g,, p = - i
∼ "“ - .
" ' , , p = i n - ' = _ r <--
' J -"' 1 0 I1
5 - 9. x x 2 - ( 1 + log pq)x + logp2q=0 2,
3 ,α . p = l00, q = 100
5 - 10. x x 2 - 4(2'+ b-2+ 1)x + 3(3α '-' + i)= 0
2, 6 α’ b . α=2, b = 0
5 - 11 . log2x x log 3x=1 α β αβ
· α β
 5. 6 9

15

,' 1 ; >()
' -_ '-,,,'.", '1
-LU' - ,, v`/c
`V " ×"
' " 3/ / V V(' v ci = UIH
",',''V
." - I' flt _ -
D8 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 5

5-2 X, 3
(1) 8X3Y=1728 ( 2 ) 12x6y=288

5 - 3 ( x 2 - x - -1) 2=1 x1
l 2 3 4 5

4
(1) 3X+1+3 1+ 3x_2=5x+5x_1+5x_2
( 2 \ X2+3== ( 3 \ 5X+1
(2) / + 2 I = 7=3 ( 3 )
\3/ \ 2 /
(4) (2x_4)3+(4x_2)3=(4x+2x_6)3

5 4X=9X( 4 x _ x2

56 y = 2X, - +k
' " I

1
(., a+k
7Y ` 4 )I 2
5-7 x 42x+4xa- a2=0 0 I
’ α

8x 4 4 _ X - 2(2X+2_X)+ a = 0
α

5-9
(1) log2(log3(logiox)) =1 (2) log3xxlog2x=Iog32
(3) (log2x)3+ log2x3=4(log2x)2+ logzx (4) b0g8 2=27

5 - 10
. . . 11og9( x - 1)- k g 4 ( 2 v - 1)=O
(1) < -
' ( 2y-x = 1
" - - < -"- - - - - (2) 4 x + 2)481 g
(3
2
x-y)=O
(3) f1ogx (x- y)1 ( 4 [ 5 (logyx+ 1ogy) 26xy=6
4
(, Iogxyx-l--y)= u
 5 .

11 x / ( x ) =1ogx, g (x)=x2 ( f o g ) (x)rz( g o f ) (x

x
D 11 1 2 101 1 0 2 1 1 0

512 x, y l o g (2x- 1)- l o g x = 1-l o g y ’

x+y
cDlo 1 1 ( 3 : ) 12 1 3 1 4

513 α , b, c 1 a1ogn3+ blog722= c

αz c
D6 1 2 1 8 2 4 3 6

5 - 14
1og xy x logyxy+ logx( x - y ) X logs ( x - y ) - 0
5 - 15 x I (log x)2+ alogx + a+ 2=0
α

516 x log2x+alog:8=b 2, x I
1og2x + b logx8=α

5 -7 y10g24x A,B y = 1og2x C

AC y , LABC . B y
α 2α .

18 0 < k < 1 k y = 1og3x, y = logs( x - k

x A,B . , x=3-k
y = log3x, y = r1og3( x - k P, Q
,x R .
LPBQ=zQBR , L PA B : LQBR

5 - 19 y = 1 0 x k y = 1ogiox y
k
. r2 , k .

5 - 20 x 10ga2x - loga (x 1)= 1 x

α

21 x l o g x + log( 2 - x ) = l o g ( x + k
, k .
 7/

§ .

□
25x>625, 2x>3, - 2x-2 >0

α αg a / > bg (x) ax=t

(1)
(2)
a>1 α M > aN 4 M>N
O<a < 1 α M > aN4=> M < N 4

a>1
 72 6 .

1
(1) 25" > 625 (2) 0 .04X),0 .2X+8
(3) 2x>3 (4)22 -2x-2 > 0

F
(1) 25x>625 2 5 x > 252 . ' . x > 2
(2) 0.04x>0.2x+a 0 . 2 > 0.2x43 . ' . 2 x < x + 3 . ' . x<3
(3) 2x>3
bg2' > I . g3 · ' · l . g 2 > l . g3 · ' · :> 10g3log2x>lo
>g31 g
xl2
3
g
(4) - 2x_ 2>0 2x=t ( t > 0
t 2 - t - 2 > 0 . ' . ( t + 1)( t - 2)> 0
1>0 t - 2>0 ’ 2X >2 . ' . x > 1

LI
log2x + log2 (x -1) <1, (logx)2 - logx3< 0, logx > x

loga f(x) > 1ogα g(x t o g a f (x)> b

iogax= t
,

(1)
(2)
a>1 j , logaM>logaN <==> M>N ( M > 0, N > 0)
O<a < 1 , l o g a M > logaN < M < N ( M > 0, N > 0)
 6. 7 3

2
(1) log2x+ logz( x - 1)< 1 ( 2 ) logo.i ( x - 1)-- log .i (3-x ) >0
Iogaf(x)> b loga f (x) > 1ogα g(x

(1) : x
, x > 0, x - 1 > 0 . ' . x > 1 0
:
, log2x( x - 1)<logz2 . ' . x ( x - 1)< 2 . ' . x 2 - x - 2 < 0
.'. ( x - 2)( x + 1)< 0 . ' . - 1 < x < 2 0
:
(2) ,(2 1 < x<2
(2) (1
x - 1 > 0, 3 - x > 0 . ' . 1 < x < 3 0
, logo.1(x -1)> log .i(3 -x
x - 1 < 3-- x . ) .'. x < 2 0
(2)' (2 1< x<2
. 3
(1) (logx)2<logx3 ( 2 ) Iogx>
logax=t
(1) logax=t .
(logx)2< logx3 ( l o g x ) 2 - 3 l o g x < 0 . ' . (Iogx) ( I o g x - 3)< 0
.'. 0 < l o g x < 3 . ' . l o g l < l o g x < logl03 . ' . 1 < x < 103
(2)
logx 10 10
. ,
logx= t .
logX>
logxb0g>logx . ' . l o g x X l o g x > l o g x
... (Iogx)( l o g x - 1)> 0 . ' . l o g x < 0, l o g x > 1
.'. l o g x < l o g l , l o g x > loglO . . O < x < 1, x > 10
74 6 .

6-i
(1) 3( / T ) X<[ ( 2 ) x3 '>x 5 x >0)
(3) 2x52 1>5x25-2 ( 4 ) 8x_3X4x+2x+i _ 6 > 0

a>1 α M > aN < M>N

O<a < 1 a M > aN < M<N

(1) 3( f ) x< /T 3 x 3 k x < 9+ . · . 31+ X<3

,. 1. → → , . 1 7 2 . ' z 2
1 1, ' .' ' - -
. -'- ' 2 ^`3 " v , 3
(2) (i) x > 1 3 x + 1 > x + 5 . ' . x>2
x>1 x>2 x>2
(u)0 < x < 1 3 x + 1 < x + 5 . ' . x<2
0<x < 1 x<2 0<x<1
(iii) x = 1 ’ i4> 16
(i), (ii), (iiO 0 < x < i, x > 2 - [ )
(3) 2x52xx5>5x25x2_zx . ' . 52X>24-2X
.'. log 52 > 10g24_2x . ' . 2 x 1og5>( 4 - 2x)log2
.'. 2 (1og5+log2)x > 41og2 . ' . x > 2 1 o g 2 - L E J
(4) (23 3(22)z + 2 x 2x 6>0 . ' . (2x)3_3(2x)2+2 X2X_6 > 0
2" = t ( t > 0
t 3 - 3t2+2 t - 6 > 0 . ' . ( t - 3)(t2+2)> 0
2>0 t - 3>0 , 2x>3 . ' . x > 1og3 +-

· 6-i .
(1) 1 < 2x<1 6 / T ( 2 ) (23)c>(3x)2
(3) 2 _ 4 2(2x+2_8) ( 4 ) 2c(2x+1+8) 8x( 5 _ 2x)

11(1)o<x<f (2)x<0(3)1`x 1og26(4)x 1, x 2

6-2 .

3' 'l)+
' x3<1
(T
)<64<(i) I . - 4 < x < -3
 6. 7 5

6-2
(1) log .5 (x2- 19)- Iogo.s (x -5) < logo.5 5
(2) loga( x - 3)>logo( x - 1) ( 3 ) logx( 3 x - 2)> 2

a>1 l o g a M > logaN < M>N>O

O<a < 1 I o g a M > logaN 4 0<M < N
(3 x>1 0<x < 1
(1) x 2 - 19>O, x - 5 > O . ' . x > 5 ( 2 >
log .o( x 2 - 19)< logo.55+ logo.5( x - 5)
.'. log .5( x 2 - 19) < logo.55(x -5)
1 x 2 - 19>5( x - 5) . ' . x < 2 x>3
C) , x>5
(2) x - 3 > O, x - 1 > O . ' . x > 3 2 )
, 1og3( x -3)> 1og3z (x -1)
·'· log3( x - 3)>- - logs( x - 1) ... logs( x - 3)2>logs(x-- 1)
.'. ( x - 3)2>x - 1 . ' . x < 2 x>5 2 )
(2),c x>5 ·
. g, 1)= logl g)=1 -1)→i- ,.1 g3( x - 1)
(x-1
lL,g 3 b
^,, . "1 ^1→ 1^`1, 1 , 2 . .
` ‘1` '-1V9 X =7 , x r F I
0
0
l o g y (3x -2)> log x2
(i) x > 1 3 x - 2 > x2 . ' . 1 < x < 2 (Z)
2), 1<x<2
(ii) O<x < 1 3 x - 2 < x2 . ' . O<x < 1
0, < x<1

(i), (li) - - <x<1, 1<x<2 -

6-3 .
(1) log( x - 1)+ l o g ( x + 2)< 1 ( 2 ) 21og .o( x - 4)>log .s( x - -2)
(3) 10g2( x - 5)<log4( x - 2)+ 1 ( 4 ) log 2>2
· (1) 1<x < 3 (2) 4<x < 6 (3) 5< x < 11 (4) 1< x < f 2
76 6 .

6-3
(1) (10g3x)2<10g3x4 ( 2 ) logzx<8 2

(1) x>O log3 x4=4 10g3x .

10g3x= t t
·

(2) g2f
. 2 2
, 2 1
b0g2x< 8x2 = z l 0g2 log2x< 1ogz8x2

0g2x < 8x ' === log 10g2X > log 8x2

(1) x>0 10g3x4=4 1og3x

0og3x)2< 1og3x4 ( l o g s x ) 2 - 410g3x<O
... (1og3x)(logsx-4)<O . ' . O<log3x<4
.', log3 1< log3x< logs 34 . ' . 1 < x < 81 - [ 1
(2) x>O
x'0g2 < 8x2 2
log2 x1g' < log2 8x2 . ' . logzx X log2x < log2 8+ 10gzx2
.'. (10g2x)2 - 210g2x-3 < 0 . ' . (log3x +1)( l o g z x - 3)< 0
.'. - 1 < log2x<3 . ' . 10g221<10g2x<10g223
' 1 / -
"' ' 8 <-- - I
"' 2 ,u
6-4 .
(1) (logx)2< 4- logx3 ( 2 ) (1og24x)(1ogz8x) 12
(3) 10g24x > (logzx)2> logzx2 ( 4 ) 1ogx< 10000x3

(1)--<x<10(2) 2 (3)--<x<1(4)1-<x<10000
 6. γ 7

6 - 4 f (x)= x 2 - 2(loga)x + l o g a + 2
(1) /(x)=o ,
α
(2) /(x)=o α

(3) x I /(x)>o α

’ .
D = b2-4ac

(1) x 2 - 2(loga)x + l o g a + 2 = 0
D/4 = ( - log a)2 - (log a+2)= ( l o g a+ 1)(log a - 2)
: D/4=0 l o g a = - 1 , 2 . ' . a = =10' , 102
: D / 4 >0 ( l o g a+ 1)( l o g a - 2) >0
.'. l o g a - 1, l o g a 2 2 . ' . 0 < a ` 10-1, a > 102 - P1
: D / 4 <0 ( l o g a + 1)( l o g a - 2)< 0
.'. - 1 < I o g a < 2 . ' . 10-1<a < 102-- - P 1
(2) x 2 - 2(loga)x + l o g a + 2 = O α β
D / 4 0, a + j9=21oga<O, a j 9 = l o g a + 2 > 0

- 2 < l o g a ` ---1 . ' . 10-2<a ` 10-1 + - r - i

(3) D / 4<0 - 1 < l o g a < 2 . ' . 10-1<a < 102 El
6 - 5. f (x)= x 2 - 2x1oga+logα
(1) y = f (x x α
(2) y = f (x x α

(3) y = f (x x α
(4) x / ( x ) >0 α

(5) /(x)=0 α
. (1) az=1, 10 (2) 0<a < 1, a > 10
(3) 1<a < 10 (4) 1 ` a 10 (5) 0<a < 1
γ8 6 .

5 A,B A B
2 A 5 0/-)/0, B 8
. , B
A
l o g 2 = 0.3010, log 3=0.4771, log7= 0.8451

α ’ 8
1 a + (a><0.08)= a x 1.08 '
2 ( a x 1.08) + (aX 1.08) X 0.08= aX 1.082 ,

n αx1.08
α r
a (1+r ) "
B α A 2α
n B A
aX1.08'z>2aX1.05? , 1.08,' > 2x1.05''
l o g 1.087z > log(2 x 1.05 )
.'.n l o g l . 08>l o g 2 + n l o g l . 05 . . . ( i o g i . 0 8 - l o g l . 05)n > 1og2 . . .
b g l . 0 8 - l.g1.0 5 - l . g22x33 b g 3x7log1
= log2>< 1
5
g
-lo
8
.0
=21og2+31og3-loglOo-(log3+l o g 7 - l o g 2 - loglO)
=31og2+21og3- log7-1 = 0.0121
(Z 0 . 0121n>0.3010 . ' . n > 24.8 x x x 25
6-6 . 3 , 2

l o g 2 = 0.3010, logl.03=0.0128 . 24
6-7 . 65 20%
. 2000 1 1000
’ 65 50 . 0.3 %
65 4

’ l o g 1.003=0.0013, log 1.04=0.0170, 1og2=0.3010

{ 1 2038
 6. ' 9

§2 .

6-6
(1) 0 < x < 1 ’ A, B
A = xx2, B = x2c
(2) a > 1 > b > 0, a b > 1 ’ A , B, C
A = loga2b, B = 10gab2, C = l o g b d

A - B > 0 4= A > B
(1) A , B
a>1 α M > a1 M>N
O<a < 1 a M > aN M<N <
(2) A , B, C α b .
α > 1 > b > 0, a b > 1 .

>
(1) 0 < x < 1 x 2 - 2x==x( x - 2)< 0 . ' . x 2 < 2x
.'.X x '>X2 , A>B - E .
(2) a > 1 > b > 00i l o g a > l o g l > logb , l o g a > 0, I o g b < 0
’ >1 l o g ab > log 1 ’ log a+ log b >0
.'. A - B = iogαzb - 1 0 g a b 2
- logb - ∼ir,cr h 2 - ' 1 , cy 1-. 9 1og 1, 3 1co h →
5 u = ' : u b u - " . 'u 5 u = u 5 u > 11
log a2 loga 2 1 o g a l o g a 2 1 o g a z v
B - C = loga b2-logb a2
- l o g b2 log a2 = 2(log b + log a)(log b - log a) >
- log a logb l o g a X l o g b
’ A - B > 0, B -- C > 0 A > B > C <-
W 6 - 8. 1 < x < 3 , A, B
A = x 2, B = x3x L 1 I } A<B
[ - 1 6 - 9. 0 < a < b < 1 , A , B, C
A=l g
G a,Cb
, , , B -= l 0 g
, ,' C-,.-,.-,.-,'=
- , log
L -,'-,J- , -a,- , - a 1 C<A < B
80 6 .

6-7
(1) I ( ’ f , 5r
, 1og2=0.3010, 1og3=0.4771
(2) fi' , 362, 26 '

(1)
1og2, 1og3
.
logA>logB === A>B
(2)
. 1og2, 1og3 (1)
1og2, 1og3 1

(1) A = , B= r , C = γ6

logA=logV=--1og2=--X 0.3010=0.1290
bgB=0.1165
=l.g l.g5=1l.g10=1-=-(1-o
l g2)= --(i-0.3010)
logC=log V=---log6= (log2+log3)=--(0.3010+0.4771)
=0.15562
.'. l o g B < l o g A < logC . ' . B < A < C . ' . vF - II
(2) 10g624=2410g6=16(10g2+ 1og3)=16 1og2+ l6log 3,
log 362 =62 log 3=361og3,
10g263=6310g2=36X6log2=3610g26
71 361og3=161og3+201og3>161og3+201og2>161og3+161og2
.'.3 6 log 3> 16(log 3+ log 2) . ' . log 362> log 624 . ' . 362>6240
, 361og3<361og26 ; . l o g 3 6 2 < log263 . ' . 36 '<26 ' ( 2 )
(Z) , 6 2 ' <36 ' q630,O
L+ - [ 1
3
<
4
2
6
1
p
6 - 10 . 1030, 2100, 544
1og2=0.3010 I I 103o<2' <544
6 - 11 . 235, 513, 611
1og2=0.3010, log3=0.4771 . L I J 6" < 5'3<235
 6. 8 /

8 a,b 1 a+b 4 , ab*1

,
1 . 1 ^ I 1 . \ ' , I . . 1 1 \
. ^ -I.- , ^ . 91 . ' , 1 1 . 9 1 1 - I-- . ^ . ^ 1
loga2 ' Iogb2' ' \ logα+o2 1' ' Y ' logab2 l o g a + b 2 !

2
1
10gα o=
logba
2 log2P, log2Q, log2R
. P, Q, R logz P. log2Q, log2R

A , B, C
A = 10g2 a+ log2 b= log2 ab

B l.g:(.+')-l.g2 2l.g:a+b10g2(a+b\2B=2
}=2)
2
0
)-1
b
+
z(a
g
{lo
C=2{10g22+log2ab-1og2(a+ b)}
=2l.g22ab logz(_2ab \2lo 2 =a+b)
, ,

a >ITh .=‘ p.147

·'·I____2 b i
.'. B > A C α b +-

· ■ 6 - 12. a > 1, b > 1 , P=l o g I F , Q = / 1 o g a X I o g b

. $ I P Q α b
■ 6 - 13 .
(1) x > O, y > O 1 , A = 2log( x + y ) , B = l o g x + l o g y + 1og2
(2) x > 2, y > 2 , A = log( x + y ) , B = l o g x + l o g y
LEI1(1)A > B (2)A < B
· ll. 6 - 14. a > O, b > O, c > O ,
'1 / , / r ' ' ` - l - '7
A=log +log ' +log_ " , B = loga+logb+logc
II A B α=b=c
 82 6 .

- 6, …∥…………
'' , , 132 - f 2 \X2 - 9 1 8 \X ^ ", __ , -11- - .. - - ^1” _)__ ..
D ~ =f = ` 7 ; ,-S%- ; - , s - i 77 ' f = r Z =-1 1 - 1-= r
6 '1.) \ O I ' 1 \ DI/

1 2 ( 3 : )3 5

6-2
(1) 1og-x > 1og4x (2) x " > x > O
(3) (2x)2x>xx , x>O) (4) 31ogx10+1og1ox>4

6 3 A={ a<x < b } , B = { 4 X _ 5X2X+l + 16<O

AflB=B ’ b-α

4 / ( x ) = log2x l (/. f ) (x)< 1 x

7 8 1 4 1 5 1 6

5 αx_1< a2x+‘ x<2 ,x

loga( 3 x - 2b) > 1ogα( x 2 - 4)
/y =f(x).
-g
6-6 y = f (x), y = g (x
,
logg(x)f (x) 1
12 10

7 x 22+1_2 a 0
α

8 0<p<1 logp(x2+p x + p x

9 x 1ogx> (lOOx)α α

10 x , y (logzx) (logzy)2=8
(1) log2x=X, log2y=Y x-Y
(2)
 6. 8 3

C 11 x, y lOY_ 10 , xy

6 - 12 U237 237 7

, 1og2=0.3010
16 1 8 2 0
22 2 4

6 - 13 4% ,
8% . ,
17 A
l o g 2 = 0.301, l o g 3 = 0.477

6 - 14 α’ α z< b 'z α ,b m, n

a<1 < b, m > n a < 1 < b, m < n α b < 1, m < n

1<α b , m > n 1 < a < b, m < n

6 - 15 A , B, C
. - . , 1 . 1 , ,
(fi =31og8z n = ---. -- 1→ . , r = 1og "9--1rc
' " ∼ 10g23 ' 10g32' , 7 ' ∼ " " ' ∼ "
(2) A = 1og23, B = 1og32, C = 1og48

16 1 α, c 1 < logab<2 < logac

’

] . c > b2 l- . Ca<Cb

; · a log c< dog a E . 2logbc>logac

Di,i L , t L , E 1,1 _ , E L , , E

6 - 17 1 α ,b x
loga( x + 1)- l o g a x >logb( x + 1)- l o g b x >0
. , 1, a, b

18
0<a<1 n 2
(1) a, a a , α " ' ( 2 ) T, ij r, V "
84

7 .

§ .

60
200, 25"30
60 ’ , ,

γ
γ AB ,
AOB r

γ AB
, z AOB 1 radian
.
1 AB
α L AOB α .
L A O B = a rad
, 1
1800 7r 180 '= r rad

(i0

(lrad= p .57.17'45"
I 7 r
irrad==180. = = '
l
10= - - -rrraad 0 . ol7r
0.0 l 7 r a dld
1 U
 7. 8 5

1 60
60
(1) n6O ( 9 ) 19( . ( 3 ) rad ( i t , "9raA
\.&/ 'J'. ' - , _._J.J ` ' _ / 3 ` " -“
60

7rrad=180" '1rad=---, l"=j 3d I

, , . . r . , r . , , , - r n , . . ∼ . . 7r -,..∼.7r-,.∼
7∼.7
r1 2 -
`1) i t - - -r a u = - r - r a a i u == i6u 2s- - r a = -a-- 7 r a a
IOU i I O U i )
r?, ..,1= Yl8 r r 4 , 9 r, 1o9,'18
"' 3 " - " 3 " Jr
. E-e 1" ' rad '
, 7 rrad==180 ' , r = 180 "
, r r a d = 180. w==180.
, r = 180 ' jr( 3.14 180 ' 7r
180 "
cJ ie 2" 1

60 00 30. 450 600 90" 120. 1350 1500 1800 2700 360.

0 6 4 3 2 2r
2 3-i-Jr 5 3
.
i r = 180 "
. ∼ %1#fl- ,1. :. 1 .m 1 ..,1 ^ . . I - → ri, -i
irzo18t1 ' ,÷ ,…,9 '
" uu - . ‘ " 6 ' ' , 4 ' L, , II = - I -- I.'

γ , rad
/' S
1 →
/' ' , , ( / D
n ,
22rr 2 r , - - - " u ∼
S - → S ,=, 1 v2i , , , e / )q `
'rγ 2 ' 7 r . - - I - ,rrL r
2
∼ r - , r, ∼ _ - ._11 a -a n 1 , n 1 , . , - 1
, `c7 `)Ufl ‘ o j =rγ α ==, γ γd 7γl
L L L J
 86 7 .

r9j
0 rad /, S

, , , , , 1 9 , _ 1 .
i = ru. -:rru. , = - ' - r i
'

c e, I 60 I

2
. ,γ
z , ’ S

(1) r = 2cm, 0 = 2rad , S

(2) r = 3cm, 1 = 6 cm , S
(3) 0 = 30 ', S = 37r cm2 γ
(4) l = 2,rcm, S = 67r cm2 γ
, ’

. l=r0 0 S = r200 S = - - rl
γ , 0, 1, S
(1) r = 2, 0 = 2 1 = 2 X 2=4(cm)
0 s= X22X2=4(cm2)
(2) r = 3, 1 = 6 <Z 6 = 30 . ' . 0 = 2(rad)

0 s= X3X6=9(cm2)
(3)0= S=32r 32r= r2X ·'· 7=6
-, r = 6 l = =6X = iv (cm)

(4)l=2r,S=6r 6r= rX2r ·'· r=6 (cm)

l=2,r, r = 6 2 r = 60 · ' · (rad)
 7. 8 7

7
(1) 8 cm , 4 cm2

(2) 80cm

γ’ ’
/' S
, r, 1 '', ' , 1
t = rα ==rr α ==rr'
4 D

(1) γcm, /cm,

rad
2r+l '=8 0 - - r l = 4 0
e / = 8 - 2γ (2 γ ( 8 - 2 r)= 8
.'. ( r - 2)2=0 . ' . r = 2 . ' . 1 = 4
/ γ 4 = 20 . ' . 0 = 2(rad) -
(2) γcm
(80-2 r ) cm S cm2
,S,= 1 γ^(R(, -, 9j-'
, = ^ - γ, 2-I-Lt1'V
.
∼ 2 '" " '' "
= - ( r - 20)2+400 (0<r < 40)
γ=20 S 400

S = 400, r = =20
rad =2 ·
S 470' 0 c m 2 , 2rad
7-i .
(1) rad
(2) 2 cm cm2
(1) ( n - 2)rad (2) (2,r - 4)cm2
7-2 . 40cm ,
. 10cm , 100 cm2
7-3 . 24cm , 32 cm2
. i r a d , 4rad
 88 7 .

§2 .

L C = 90 ', L A = ABC α,b,c

, a , b , a
c 0 s 7- L a n U = J
'' C α

[E1El
0" 90 " sin cos tan

300, 450, 60 "

. ,
2
1 4 4
2 2 '0)/

30 45",60 ^60,`
1

'I

30(
\ 0/
45"() 60"()
Sh1 17
1 , *

2 1 12
COS U
γT
1
tan U 1 ,/T
γT
 7. 8 9

7-2
(1) L C = 90 ' ABC A B = 3BC s i n A , cosA,
tanA
A
(2
sin 15, tan 15 "

(1)

sinA= cosA= t30A= atan A=--

. b, c α
(2) AD=α A B , BD
α
(1) A B = c, B C = a, CA==b
c = 3a 2 ) a 2 + b2==c2 2 )
c
a2+b2=(3a)2 . ' . b 2 = 8 d . ' . b = 2 / a ( ." a > O, b > O)

·'· 8. A = a= a = l , 8 A _ b_ 2./ Ta _ 2fsinA--,co

sA
--c3
c3
a

(30A 27a , _ftanb2/a4

(2) A D = α CD=/ a , A C = 2α L BAC= 15"
BC=AC=2a . ' . BD=BC+CD=2a+/ Ta
.' . b Eb2_7a2+(2a+fTha)2 = ( f + f ) a
·8.. 150_ AD_ γ a--(f+/2)a - 47γ

( 3 . 15' = A D = ( 2 , atan15=-=
(2
+
IT)a =2 γT

7 - 4. A A B C A B , BC, C A C, a, b
α b2= c2, b==J α ’
tanB . T
` ' ^ = z … 1 , . → .
' 7 tan-i 7 α
L
. L Y α
 7 .

§3 .

L XOP ox
op 0

, ox L XOP
op z XOp . op ox
LXOP op ox
,
.

L XOP=30" ZXOP==390" L XOP=- 330.

==360'XO+30 ' = 3 6 0 0 X1+30 ' = 3 6 0 'X( - 1)+30"

ox Op
op
L XOP
360 ' X n + 30 " 0
. , op

op ox
α" op
"
O '=3600x n+a ' n
a, U
O=2 n i + a
 7.

J l α' 0 " a '<360 ' -180 '< a '<180 "

a (rad 0 a < 2,r -2r<a r
1
. . . . ' . ^ ^ , " ^ , . / . , 3 5
(1) 1140 ' ( 2 ) 490 ," ( 3 ) -15r ( 4 ) 12r
2n7r+60 " 60
. 60 60

(1) 1140 "=360 ' x 3 + 60 " 3 6 0 ">< n+60 " (1

(2) 490 "=360 ' x 1 + 130 ' 3600 X n+130 "
(3) - 1 5 , r = 2 rX( - 8 r 2 n r + ir(n
/ . , 35 n . . ^ .11 → ', . 1 1 / r ,
(t) - r=o9irY9-l-- ' " 2 '"'r ""
'' 6 " "" "' 6 " ' - - ''' " 6 ` " " /

0 ’ ox x
P
’ op 1
2
2 , 3 , 4

0
1 ’ 2
3 4 3 4
. , op

op x

sin . cos . tan l

r" r ' x
’
, ,
 92 7 .

LI
γ .
x, y P x y . x, y P

P
P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4
x > O, y > O x < 0, y > O x < 0, y < O x > O, y < O
y4
P (x, y )

P(x, y) P(x y)

") s i n j (+) t a n (+) cos H)

’ 0 1 x > 0, y > 0
’ γ
sin0=- - > 0 . c o s 0 = - - > 0 . ta 0=- > O
r " r - x
, 2 x < 0, y > 0
, γ
sin8=- > O . cos0=- - < 0 , t a n 0 = - - < 0
r " r ' x

β 3 tan
, 4 cos

c 2C3 l 1
all, s i n , t a n , cos ’
.
· 2 s i n 0 > 0, cos0< 0
sin 0>0 1 2 , cos 0<0
2 3 2
 7. 9 3

7-3
(1) P ( - 4, -3
, sin e, cos e, tan
9 1 4 . / 9 \ - 1 -.1 ^ → -. -,
(2) s i n r, c o s r, ta ·

(1) P ( - 4, -3
(2)
. ,

(1) sin0, cos

tan
P Q = 3, QO=4
P , 42=5
r = 5, x = - 4 , y = - 3

sn
i cos tan0=
(2 =2: 27/2+2 9 r,1
j 2r=-22T-1
IX
-=
4
)+
(2

· . sill r . 1 4 1 . . 1 9 \
t a n t -----ir ' = - i
4 `/ 2 " cos- -Y \ 4 1

7-6 . (12, -5
sin 0,cos0,tan0
7-7 .
(1) sin675 ' ( 2 ) cos(_ 5100) (3) sin- -2r ( 4 ) tan- - r

(1)---4-(2) (3)+ (4) f-

 94 7 .

4 9o0< <18o '

(1) 6 , sin( 0 + 6 '
(2) 6
cos ( 12 "

2),

0 0
P,
60

(1) 6 0 - 0=360 " 6 0 - 0 = 360 "Xn( n

(2) 6 8 - 0 = 180 "

6 0 - 8 = 360 " X n+180 '( n
(1) 6 8 - 0 = 360 'Xn( n . ' . O = 72 "Xn
90 '< 8<180 ' 9 0 ' <72 ' x n< 1800
n n = 2 . ' . 0 = 144"
.' . / , , . ^ ' , . / . . . " , , , ' , . ," 1 -
,'.'' s`.n" 6 ' )=s1.1",'(l.44." 6 ' )=s1.1"1150" r i
--,--.-\'-, '' , / . \._- ' u / " 2
(2) 6 0 - 0 = 360 ' X n+180 " . ' . 0 = 72 ' X n + 36 "
90 "< 0<180 ' 9 0 '<72 "X n+36 "<180"
n n = 1 . ' . 0 = 1080
.' , . ∼ / . . “ ^ ^ 1 -
,".' . cos l.2.)==cos(l.08.+12.)==c0sl2o.= -'-
"- v' “/ '-'-, ' - / ' - ''-' ∼ u 2 '
c i l
α β op, op ' ' ’
< a - β=360 "Xn
0 = a - β=360 ' X n + 180"
x < a+j9==360 "Xn
< a+β 360 ' X n + 180"
' I I 7-8 . α β y=x I
. a + β=360 ' X n+90 "
 7. 5

7-5 0 1
10 Pi, P2, … , Pio
z P1oP2= , P1(i, 0 ,
(1) sin 0+s i n 2 0 + s i n 3 0 + · · +sinlO
(2) c o s 0 + cos30+cos50+cos70+cos90=a ,
cos 20+ cos 40+ cos 60+ cos 8 α

360 " ÷10=36 ' =360

’ 5 0 = 5x36 '=180 " P . lP3(cos20,sin 20)
P1 P6 P 5 . . . - ' 2(cos0, sinG)

. P1
5
P2 P7, P8,
P4 P9, P 5 plo
P0 P 9
( - cosO, = sinG)

P, Q < = P (x, y ) , Q( - x , - y )
sin sin 6
, sin 0+s i n 6 0 = 0, s i n 2 0 + s i n 7 0 = 0, . . . , s i n 5 0 + sin100=O
Ph Ph+S ( k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
(1) sin 0+s i n 6 0 = 0, s i n 2 0 + s i n 7 0 = 0, . , s i n 5 0 + sinlOO=0

sin 0+s i n 2 0 + s i n 3 0 + · · +sin90+s i n l 0 0 = O + -

(2) c o s 0 + cos60=0, c o s 2 0 + cos70=0, . " , c o s 5 0 + c o s l 0 0 = 0

cos 8+cos20+cos30+ · · · +cos90+coslOO=0

cos 0+c o s 3 cos 5 cos 70+cos 90 α ’
cos 100=cos 360 "=1
cos20+cos40+cos60+cos80=- ( a + 1) - [1
7-9 . 0 1 12
Pl, P2, Ps, … , Pul, Pis
L P10P2= R (i, 0
cosO+cos20+cos30+" · + c o s l l 0 + cosl20
. · 0
 96 7 .

7 2,f 0,0 ' A, B

LAOB, L A O 'B 600, 90 "
. , α 0

72(1+sinl)(1-cos )(i+t3
/F, 3 7 Y
1 \
b
-

7-3 0 γ
. ox
ox
A , , OA
γ,
,

7-4 lOOm
.
A B,C
B C
lOOm .
, AB AC .

7-5 3
D sinO<0, c o s 8 > 0 s i n 0 > 0, t a n O > 0 s i n 0 < 0, t a n 0 < 0
c o s 0 < 0, t a n 0>0 c o s 0 > 0, t a n 0<0

7-6 2r<O < 22r

sin 0+cos O+t a n 0 + I s i n 2 0 + Vcos30 +Vtan40

Dsin0 2sin0 cos0 2cos0 2

7 ABC LBAC=α
A D = 5 cm, C D = 12 cm , s i n a, cos a,
tanα
 97

§ .

[EI
op x
’
sin y, s x' t ysin0=-,co
sO
=
- , tan0=-rrx
cos 0 * 0 ’ x*0
sin , = * - = - - = t a n 0
COsti x / r X
P (x, y x2+y2= r2
/ '.0 / " ' , 0 2 I 2 ∼ 7

sh7 cos2 r = “ r = r, =1
\ri \ r i r ' r '.
, sin20+ cos20=1 c0s2
sin20 , . 1 . , , , , , 1
cos20 '
= , ',
cos20
ra l α = , ', 0
Cos- U

* Note 2
tano+i=(--'[
`
+1=
/
y2+x
X "
2=x ' \ X /
Y==1 ,-
c O S 't'

(1 t3 sinOtan0
cs
=
, , →→ · , , ' ,, ' ,, -. . ' ,, . - 1
(Z) s i i F e / mcos' U = i , t a i - r ( 1=
cos20
98 8 .

8-i
(1) cos40-sin40=cos20-sin20=i - 2sin20

(2)tan20-sin20=tan20sin20(3)1+2r1fl00S0-1+tan0c s
-
2

t ∥ s i n 0tan0
=-,, sin20+c s20=1
cos U
(3

(1) cos40-sin40=(cos20+sin20)(cos20-s1n20)
=cos2 0 - sin2 0 = ( i - sin2 0)-sin2 0
= i - 2sin20
· -2z c ,2 r1 - - ' , n '=.2
(2) tan20- sin20= ' '2 " sin20=cs2
0" " ' " c s20" "'
- s i n 2 0 s , i n 2 0 - s i n 2 0 / 8 i 0 22X
srn0 = t a n 2 0 s i n 2 0 - 5
-cs8
2

. , sin8
r'3," 1 + tan0== " c o s 8 = cosO+s i n 8 = (cos.0 + sin0)2
' " i - tan0 1 s i n O c o s 0 - sin8 c o s 2 0 - sin20
cos 0
cos20+2cos 0sin0+ sin20 1 + 2sin0cos 8
cos28-sin20 c o s 2 0 - sin20
*Note (3
i + 2sin 0 cos 0=siri20+cos28+2sin 0 cos 0=(sin 0+cos 8)2

8-i .
(1) (sin 8+cos 0)2+(sin 0 - cos 0)2= 2
(2) sin28-sin40=cos20-cos48

(3) lsin28 =i + cos0 ( 4 ) 1+ ,inO+1 - sin =2(i+tan28)

(5) (1_sin28)(1_ c0528)(i+tan28)(1+ ta l28) = i

(6)(1+tari8+,,1 )(1+t' F)=2

(7)/8 1 F \2+(0.8 ,,% ( t a n 0 t , 1 2(7
2tan)=1sin ,
1
c5
-}+
0
)sin
 8.

82
.(1,'
.^ ∼ ` ’^1 _ _ . , , 4 ^, → .. Qill
('(IQ ,, ..` . ,,
rIYl^ , _..1 ,. - _ '
/ u -I II I I - 'A 5 t I I . " 'A- 1 t '-- 'A - ~ flk I - I I -.'
(7,' ^_-
_ 1 .11 ',
3 .1 la .-a .
- -.1 ..1 - . , , ,
taii a = 5 ... ...a, .
. Qiti'n ^1 n
(oQ ...i -it c.
' " ' u - - II 'A - I11_.1_/.I I I - '-t-t " " 1 2 ' L . '-' " ' 'A - I S#%JA I fl/i t

sin 0, cos tan

tar s i n 0tan0
=-,, sin20+c s20=1. t a n 2 0 + 1 = l ,.
c0s17- c o s _ -u

(1)sin28+cos20=1 sin20=1-cos20=1-( [
sin0=
·tan0=:i", = - - F sino=f, tanO=- -
(2) tan20+1= ,,12β ,,1 15 \2+l = 169c sc2
J)+1=-ll-:4-

3 , , %= · ' .cos0=-
8i02 1 8" 1- I- 12\= 25,sin
-coj--) =_j-
1
=
0
2

3 sin0=- ', 5 , 1 2
811l cosα
. l(2
, bF γI 2=13

sin0=- - - , c o s 0 = - - j - - 5
(1

8-2. sinO=- r<0<2,r cos tan

. ' " " " c o s 0= , tan 0=-
. a
· 8 - 3. 2 tan , sin cos
.,
· s i n 0= cosO=-
f 8 .

-. I I4 I . I I f l , , . f l . f l 1 ?7 .-.11 -._1 Ci 71 '%l 71_(7 - 7 _-1 -.1

/ I 0 - 4 S1flc7 C O S V = ===7 t - r - o r '.1

(1) sin8cos0 (2) sin30+cos30 (3) sin40+cos40

(4) tan 0+t , 1tan (5) s i n O - cosO

(1) sin20+cos20=1
sin 0 cos
(2), (3), (4) sin 0+cos sin0 cos

(5) sin 0 - cos

Sh1 cos 0= α s i n Ocos

(1) . i n 2 0 + 2sin0cos 0+c o s 2 0

sn
i 20+cos20=1 sin8cos0=- □
(2) sin30+cos30=(sin 0+cos 0)3 - 3sin Ocos O(sin 0+cos 0)
I 1 \ ' , . . / 3 \ ... 1 1 1 r n
Y7-. Y 7 7 = 16' L J
(3) sin40+cos40=(sin20)2+(cos28)2=(sin20+cos20)2 - 2sin20cos20

=12- 2x( - 3\2=23=- -- --LJ

(4)t 3 . 1 sinO+ cos 0= sin20+cos20- 8 (4
csiO = 3
=
+
0
n
)ta
(5) (sin 0 - cos 0)2==sin28-2sin 0 cos 0+cos20

=sin20+cos20-2sin0cos l-2×
· .sin0-c s0 - J - 4-- -
L
I1
fl , . n ( 7 1 #I 11 -.-1 (7 71 ".1-IL (7 -7 .1 -.1
o- . s i n v cos u = - T Un, - < -r-o r - i -r.

(1) sin 0+c s 0 ( 2 ) sin 8 - c s 0 (3) sin30-c s30 ( 4 ) tan 0+ . 1 ,

L f1 7

■ (1) (2) (3) (4) 4

8-5.sin0-cos8=- ·
(1) tan30+t , 13 ( 2 ) c 8(tan8 tan2 ) L E I 3 (1) 18 (2) 4ftan8
 8.

8-4 x 2x2+px - 1 = 0 sin 0,

cos ’
(1)
1 a ,- -, - -. _=1 1 . 11 -*1_=1- S =1..1-.1 .1 a - .
(9,' far ∼ z '
' " " " " "' t a n 0 - 1_ ^ I I S_Lt V 1 0 0 -1 I 1 - ' 1.

(i) a x b x + c 0 (a*O α,β

.β .β
(ii) a, β x
x 2 - ( a + j9)x + a f l = O
(1)
sin0+cos0=- - - 0 sin0cos0=- - - 0
2

sn
i 20+2sin0cos0+cos20=j ... 1+2sinocoso=-
(2

1+2X(---)=- ·'· o ' . p = O S I -U I

^,, . a 1 a ,-. -, ^ -. 1 _ a -a 3 _S ' 1 . . . -, , . a
" ' iariα tan 0 x r

x2 ( t a n 0 + 1 )x+tan0x 1 =0tan tan

tan0+ =sin0+cos0=,i, 1tanGc

s+sinG=sinOcs = 2
x 2 - ( -2)x + 1=0 , x2+2 x + 1 = O +-
’ - ^ 11 -,1 --1 1 ' 1 - ' 1 9 1 . ^ . 1 \ . , , ' , 1_. - 1
γ. ' x ' i -tr r r f x " - anti-i- tan"xtan0I 1=u S?r ℃
r s i n 0cos U I 4I
8-7 . 2 x 2 - x + a=0 sin 0, cos , α
sin Ldl
V,-,COS/1
(7 - - l .
. ,A
8 - 8. s i n 0 + c o s 0 = 0 sin30, cos3 x
. 8x2-1 = O
 )2 8 .

§ 2. 0
6

7V

(1)
sin(2n,r + O)= s i n cos(2n,r + 8 ) =cos 0,
tan(n7r+ O)= t a n 0 n
(2)
sin( - 0)= - s i n 8, cos( - 8 ) ==cos 0, t a n ( - 0 ) = - t a n 0
(3)
sin(7r- 8)= s i n 0, cos( , r - 0 ) = - c o s 0,
tan( , r - 8)- - t a n 0
(4)

sin(- - - O)=c 0, cos( - _ 0)=sinO, tan(- - - O)= ta

c i7C 1 "
(1)
n 2n7r+
.
sin(2n,r + 0)= s m 0, c o s (2n2r+ 0)=cos 0,
tan(2n,r + O)= t a n 8
’

… 7r+
tan( r- . z0)= -- -- -i ,=-- ,' -- - = t a n 8
-
' " - x x
. (2
tan( n , r + 0)= t a n 0

*Not' p. 113
 8. J

(2)
op op ' x
.
sin( - 0)= - y = - s i n 0,
cos( - 0 ) = x = cos e,
tan( - 0 ) = - - - = - = -tan0
" " x x
(3) ’

P'(-x, y)

' l x

cQ7' 6 f t e 2 ' 0 . 8( cos( r + 0

’ β
T v ,
· ■ ■ · ` 7 ' ' / /
P(x, y)
P'(-y,x) 7 'II

p P'( - x , - y

8 (- -- + O)=- y= - sin 0 c o s (ic+ 0)=- x=-- cos 0

. 30
2r ·

: n sin sin, c o s cos, t a n tan

n Si cos,cos sin,tan n
: , ,
2z.
'+' , ' -'
 )4 8 .

> si11( ' r

·" r - y9- " ' , ,"' cm ' '
/, '. " " v 2 " " ' TI- I V I -1 I l - ."' . " '-- ."'--lI-- -.'
, s i n ( r - O)= ( + , - ? ) s i n 0
: 2r- 2
2 sin
sin( , v - O)= s i n 0

>tan(
: 2r+0= X3+ n tan 8
, tan( + r + O)=(+, _ ?)ta 1,9

: 4 tan
r+0 -
4
tan( 1r+o)= t,1-- tanO
p.102

sin(7r+ 0)= - s i n 0 , cos( i v + 0)= - c o s 0, t a n ( -r v)-Lart

=0.8 0.8 80
i t30 = 1sin(1
tae
in
,(-_
s
o
c
)=
0
+
)= tan
8( ir+0)=_cos 8( iv+0)=sin0,tan(--ir+ =
· 1 sin

D sin(- - +0) c o s (- - +e) sin( - , r + ○

cos( - - r - o) c o s (- - r+e)

i sin(--+O)=cosO c s( - - + 0 ')= - s i n O
\ L /

sin( - r+0)=sin{- - x( - 2)+O}=- sin0

0.8(_--7-0)=cos{.fx(-3)-0}=sin e
cos(1-,r+o)=cos(--x5-i-o)=-sino L1c
 8. / 0 5

8-5

(1) tan(,r+A)sinr` L +A,+Fosyr_A).

/ L a '2r-J 7

(2) sh125(2
)sin
- ir+c s r + tan
u ` )

f l I f l I . , r i ^ , .-. I , , - . . . J = .I
Y ' r= α `' f7

(1) =tanAcosA+E
= sinA/08A+..8 Ax cosA =sinA+ cos2A=xco
insinA
+
sA
= sin2A+cos2A = 1 4
- [ '
sinA s i n A

(2)8i. 8i. ×8 =8i2T= 1(2

)
08177→8( x"+ r\=8 .. r- 1cos--r= s-+--)=sin--=--.
o
c
11=!30( x5+ ,,1tanT2r=ta
)t(,r/= 1
4
n
. ,z 1 . 1 . ‘,
7== 7 r - -l.= ` '
6 6

Vote p . 102

8-9 .
. 2 . , . 2( 3 . , . \ , . 2 (2r , . \
`1) s 1 I r u r S J r r L - =-=2r1-t 1 i i - S i 1 T i - = - = - U j 1 - S 1 f l ` 2 r - - J )
\ / \ / "

sin(,r+ O)tan2(,r - 9) s i n (- - r- o)
(2) LIEiJW2 (2)1
cos(- - r+ o) s i n (- - + o) cos2(2n- 0)

8 - io .
(l 8117t3 7 : ( 2 ) 8 ..7:+t3. /- 19(1
+n-T2r
(2
n
s-irta
)co
',^c 7 r c i , - . 11 9 c Q 1
(3)s i n 420=+sin 225. c s 330 -c s 135. · (1) 2 ( 2 ) - - ( 3 ) 5
 )6 8 .

8-6
(1) sin50 '=α , sin40 '
(2) sin 70 '+cos 1600 +tan 100 ' tan 190"
(3) c052(O+20 ' Ecos2( O - 70 '
ta " tan"r ' "
'-, '- " ' : -' ' 3 / " "k' 6 1 · .^ ' . "

(1) 40 ' = 90 " - 50 '

sin (90 "- A)=cos A, c o s (90 "-A ) = s i n A
(2) 700=900 -20 ", 160 "=180 ' -20 ", 100 "=90 " + 100, 190 '=180 ' + 100
100, 20 '
(3) + 20 ") - ( O-70 ')=90 ' -70 '=A
sin(900+A ) = c o s A , c o s (90 "+A ) = - s i n A

(4) r\ 0 / ` 0 / L . U
=A

A)=tanA' tan( +A)= A

(1) sin40 "=sin(90 "- 50 ')=cos 50"
= 1 1 - sin2 50" = 1 1 - a2∼
(2) ( )=sin(90 ' - 20 ') + cos (180 ' - 20 ')+ t a n (90 "+ 10 ')tan(180 '+ 10 ")
=cos20 ' - cos20 ' - t . 1o. Xtan10 " = - 1o--_tan1
(3) 8 - 70 "=A
( )=cos2(90 "+A ) +cos2A=( - s i n A ) 2+cos2A=1 - L [ )

(4) 0 - ==A
=tan( +A)tanA-t AXtanA=-1 -
.Note (3 2 0 '= A, (4 A
0

8 - u1. cos70 '=α cos 20 ' . L E 1 V 1 - a2

8-12.sn
i . sin 2r-C05 7 I 2a
8 - 13 .
(1) cos 160 ' - cos 110 '+sin70 ' - sin20"
(2) tan80 '+t a n l 0 0 + tan 190 '+tan350" LEI1WO (2)0
 8. γ

o ' …∼∼ ,
8-1 2 s i n 2 0 - 3sin40=a cos40+ b cos20+ c
’ α’ z ’ c

8 - 2 cos O+cos20=i ,
(1) sin20+sin40 ( 2 ) sin20+sin60+sin80

8-3
(1) 4 t a n 0 = cos , sin

(2) , 7T , tan
e u j U - - b i11 U

- ` . , , , 1 , , I 1 , , , , , ' 7r , ^ 1
R-4 t m / -l- . - - r, =cU . A -L1
- " " "u 'tanO ' \ ' '" '
(1) sinOcosO ( 2 ) sinO+cos0
S i , 1
sin2 c0s 2sinOcsO (4) 1 ( 1 - 1, l + 1tan \i-sn+1+sin

8-5 ,, 0<9<
(1) sin0cos0 ( 2 ) cos30+sin30

6 sinG, cos 0, tanβ

(1)2cos0-sinO=i (o<o<--) (2)sin0+cos0=--(o<o<f)

8 - 7 L A = 90 " ABC . A BC D E
cosx, sinx , BC .

8-8 , (x, y

x = 4 + 3cos 0, y = 5 + 3sin 0

8-9 ,
. , x

10 ,= ax (sin 0)x + cos (4, 1

tan α
 108 8 .

8 11
y = x 2 - 2x sin cos20
- , , . . ∼∼ , , -.- , A . . A , , , , - - B + C - 2,7" , , , , , ,
8 - 12 L A B C 1 s i n - +4cos-- = 2 , , Dli, s i n ' ' > - " ' , l , k ?
2-/ I T - 2 2-! T ` T- 2 / 2 - 1

8-13n sin{5n,r+(_1)"
8 - 14 cos2l '+cos22 '+cos23 '+· · +cos288 '+cos289 '+cos290 ' ?

44 45
815
A , n=0, 1, 2, …
A1
(cosa, sina) 00< a<90 '
1z
LA A 1A 2=90 ', A A +1 = n + 1
,
(1), l 4 J ' , / T I
3fI , / I

816 A (0, 1 x
Pi, P2, … , P89 A1
LOAP1= LP1AP2
- z 1D2AID3 - " ' 0 P1P2P3
= LP88AP89=1"
, 0P1xO]P 2 x … xOP89 1 . 0

17 ABCD
x2+ =1 . 0A x
, cos( , r - 0
0 0< 0 <
A x B y
C x C y
D x
 .

§ .

□□
" y = sin 0 sin 0 1

e 0 6 3 2 3γ 11- - r 2r
2 5

sin0 0 12 2 1 …2 12 0 12 γ 1 ,/T 12 0
2 2

, sin
0 0 2,r ,=sin

Z2

3-2

0`0 2 r y = cos y = tan

y = sjn y = cos y = tan

z 9 .

(1) y = sin

P L POA= 0 (rad P(cos9, sinO)

sin 0 P A
x
0 0 ` 27r
, AP
, sin
y = sinO

22r< 0 4,r P 0 0 2ir

sin . y = sin
0 0 2,r
<0, 8 > 47r
(2) y = cos

P L P O B = 0(rad
cos P x

0 0 2jr BP
cos
y = cos
x
 9. / / /

2,r 0 ` 4,r P O 0 2,r

cos . y = cos
O`0 2,r
β < 0 , e > 4;r
(3) y = t a n
L POA = C (rad)'
OP A (1, 0 x
T (1, t
. , , t .
tan i=r.
, AP
’ tan
y = tan
7

! ! I . I
(

A
I .

[iV
Ar T
/

n
-
4 M∼
rrx " / AIH
p
∼l
x - . r2
[ [7 k)9.?r .
7 …7 2,r
r
r>J
T '
4 2 z 2
V V - - 7- z
7 7_i / " 7 -
I 7" I
r

"

tan 0
tan U
· ’ ,= tan

7 2r,…
x y = sin 0,
y = cos y = tan x y = sinx, y = cosx, y = t a n x
 2 9 .

i = sinx, y = cosx, y = tanx I

(1) y = s i n x

/
:3).
1

2r2
22

: 1, : -1 -1 sinx 1, : 2 i r ( = 360 ")

(2) y = cosx

3,r
x

: 1, : -1 -1 cosx 1 , : 2 i r (=3600)
(3) y = t a n x
\,

0 2,r x
2 '

: : . : i r (=1800)
 9. 3

(1) : y = sinx, y = cosx = ' { x

y=tanx == x * nr+ ,n
(2) : y==sinx, y = cosx = { -1 y 1}
y = tanx { y
(3) : y = sinx, y = cosx = > 2 , r( = 360 ")
y = tanx , r ( = 1800)
(4) : y = sinx, y = t a n x
= cos x

c c " 'z
sin( x + 2 n , r)= s i n x, c o s ( x + 2nir)= c o s x, t a n ( x + n,r)= t a n x
. 0 T x I
f ( x + T ) = f (x)
/(x . , T

/(x)=sinx / ( x +T)= f (x
T 2r sin x 2,r .
/ ( x ) =cos x 2jr, f (x)= t a n x Jr
2 ' s i n ( - x ) = - s i n x , cos ( - x ) =cos x, tan( - x ) = - t a n x 01
y = sinx, y = t a n x , y = cos x

3' cosx=sin(x+ y= y=sinx

x
· 1
D 0<x < sinx, t a n x .
r<x < 2 r cos x , tanx
y = tanx
y = cosx y y = sinx, y = t a n x
,
 114 9 .

2 ,

(1)'=8i (2) y=2sinx ( 3 ) y==sin2x

y = sinx (1 x ,(2 y y ,(3 x
·J L

2x
y=sinx

(1)y=sin(x-
y = sinx 1 x

: 1' : -1,
: 2i
(2) y = r2sii
y = sinx
2
: 2, : -2,
: 2i
(3) y = s i n 2 x
y = sinx x

: 1, : -1,
: ,r

y=rsin(ax+a
(i) γ
:- :
γ
(ii) a
: 2ir α
‘

c 5 f t C e l y = r c o s ( w x + a)
 9. / 1 5

1 , ,

(1)y=sn
i (2x-4-2r)(2)y=3cos2x(3)y=tari3x+1
y = r s i n w x czz - 27rJ α
y = rcoswx == - 2'" α
y=rtanwx > . 'r α

y = r s i n α x, y = r c o s w x , y = rtanwx
x y

(1) y=sin2( x - - - )
y = sin2x
x

:1, : -1,
22r→

(2) y = 3cos2x
: 3' : -3,
2 r →

(3) y - 1 = tan3x

I /I
y = tan3x y 7

γ
1

u" /
…

,
,r
6 7 iJ 7 2 7 -F '
1■ 9 - ' .
(1) y = s i n x + 2 (2) 10.8 /3/- 3(2
--cosc3x- T7r
=
)Y
116 9 .

9-2
(1) y = s i n l x l ( 2 ) y = lcosx

'
(1 x O y = sinx, x < O y = sin( - x ) = - s i n x
(2 cos x 0 y = cosx, c o s x < O y = - cos x

fo y = I f (x
p.204, 213
(1) x -x
y

x 0 y = sinx
, x<0
x 0 y

(2) cosx 0 y = cos x,

cos x <0 y = - cos x
y = cos x
,x
x
x

*Note 1 " (1) y = sinl

(2)y=coys cos w ' ,=cos (ox ·

20 y = co y sin . 9-2
-3'' 'I ICm . "(SII ^, -r -fl-. -.,=Cin
. (SI,-
' , 1l -r -.1.,1 1 ' ` '
' · " ' 1 . I - I . I_-_Y " ' ~ ' . 2 ' .'
9-2 .
D y = s i n I x l , y = =sinx y = sinlxl, y = Isinxl
y = cosx, y l c o s x l y = cosIxI, y = cosx E
 9. 7

3 0 x`4
x
(1) y = sin7rx ( 2 ) y = [sin7rxJ

(1)

(2) - 1 sin,r x ` 1
- 1 ` s i n , r x < O, O s i n , r x < 1, s i n r x = 1

, (1 x
2

(1) y = sin rx
: 1, : -1, : β =?.
7t 5

(2) -1 sin rx<O y = [sin7rx]= - 1

0 sin2rx<1 y = [ s i n , rx]=O
sin7 rx=1 , = [ s i n ,rx] =1

y
=sinrx
1 ? y = [sinrxI

■ 9 - 3. O x 4
, x

(1)y=cos x ( 2 ) 8
I 9-4 . / ( x ) = s i n x , g (x)= [ x
go
, Lx x . { - 1 , 0, 1}
 8 9 .

9-4
8 y=f (x)
g(x)
11
y = f (x), y = g (x)

a f (44)= 0 g (52)< 0
(3:) f (4)= g ( - 61) f (3)= 2 g (32) f (5)= 2 g (O)

T f (x
xo f ( x + T ) = f (x)

f (x g (x
(i) y = f (x y = g (x)
y 2
(ii) y = g (x x x
y = f (x x
f (44)= f (4+5x8)= f (4)= o y - 1(x I
g (52)= g (4+6 x 8)= g (4)< 0 4 y - g (x
f (4)=0, g ( - 61)= g (3+( - 8)x 8 ) = g (3)= 0 . . f (4)==g( - 61)
f (3) <0, 2 g (32)= 2 g (0+4 X 8)= 2 g (0) >0 . ' . f (3)4 2 g (32)
y = f (x y = g (x y 2
x 5 /(x)=2g( x - 5
x=5 /(5)= 2 g (0) 01 .

9-5 . /(x 2 , -1 x 1
f (x)= I . f (13.2 / ( - 6.7
L I 1 f (13.2)=O.8, f ( - 6.7)=0.7
9 - 6. y = cos 2x T: y ) - ( x + m, y + n
, = c o s (2x -6)+ 1 . (m, n
D (6, 1) ( - 6, - 1 ) ( - 3, - 1 )
c(3,1) ( 2 , 6) L I 1
 9 . /

-, IH _ _ ` . . " , .. 1 / / , ' 3 x " . , , -/ ,r" 5 1-

' I" 9 - 5 / = ,cos I " I / I
- .-. ..-. - -, - - ' 7 ' - - '-j'-"-' \ 2 " p 1 ' -' '- ' \ 6 1 2 - ' - -,
, f(x -5 , 22r
a > O, p > O α b, p

’ ’
y = a cos( w x + a)+ b
:- b, : b , : 2ir-- α
/3 x \ , , . x .,, ,.
J x ) = a c o s y - Jr_j - )1-o = - a s 1 n j - 1-o ( a.->u, p2-U)
-5 - a + b=- 5 2 )

22r ÷ r=22r p = 1 -
. ' . f(x)= - a s i n x + b

/ -ax +b= ·'· -a+2b=5

(2), α = 1 5 , b = 10
α l , ,
y = a s i n ( w x + a)+ b
:- b, : r b, :2 α
y = atan( w x + α + b
. : ’ α
9-7 . ,
(l) y a
s.r\ 11 a
,r\
,
( 2 )\ '=-v7cos
0
/2 /
r \ (1
c-, (3)
/T
J2
tx+
-sin
)y= -
y==tan--x
a
f' l ' '(i) / 3 , ,, 3 ,,, -,,_
" (2)Y_/-_
- ,,, V γ- ,. ." ' \(3)
' - '/ flA-I,...^-1,.. 3'"
‘ s8 . (x)= a s i n ( b x + c ‘ 5, -1 ,
7r , /(o) . a>O, b > O, O<c < , α , b, c, d
L L
a==3, b=2, c=- , d = 2
’ 9 - 9.
y=cos ax+b ( , a>O)
" i · 1 1. ` →
-1 → -I J . . 1 o
α ,b . 0
10 , 1
a = -3-- , o = γ
z2. 9 .

§2 .

9-6

(1)Hsinx---+1 ( 2 ) y=3-I cosx-2 I

-. . . -, i ._i_=_i a . 1 - . ` .1 ,-1
U) S I x== t I r ·t1 == , ---h- " 1 '-'
D I
’ -1 sinx 1 -1 t`1
(2) cosx=t y=3 _ I t -
- 1 ` COSX 1 -1 t 1
siii x, cos x
,
. . . I . 1 -,..,
U) Y S1flX 1 - 1 '1I'1
SiflX= t -1<t 1 ’

y= t- +1
El 1-
(2) y = 3 - I c o s x -
COSX = t -1 t`1
y=3 - l t -

2, 0 F
* Note
(1 - 1 ` sinx` 1

-1- Sn
i x- 1 · ' <Sinx-
·'·O sinx--- -- ·'·1 sinx--}+1I
9 - 10 .
(1) y sinx-2 I-3 ( 2 ) y - 2 - I 2cosx+1I
(1) 0, - 2 (2) 2, -1
 9. ' 2 1

9-7
(1) y = sin2x-4 s i n x + 3 ( , O x`- -
` 6 /

(2)yzcoS2(x+ )+Sin2x_4cos(x+2V)+1
(1) s i n x = t y t
(2) cos x
. cos x = t

sinx, cos; =z

(1) y==sin2x-4 s i n x + 3 f l
sinx= t
y = t 2 - 4 t + 3 = ( t - 2)2 - 1 0
0`x 9

O sinx 1 . ' . o`t ` 1

2 , … ∼ ∼

3, 0 - ·

(2) 8(1 )=-sinx,cos(x+r)=-

y = sin2x+sin2x+4 cosx+1
=2sin2x+4 c o s x + 1
= 2( 1 - cos2x)+ 4 cos x + 1
= - 2 cos2x +4 cos x + 3
cos x = t -1`t 1 ’
== - 2t2+4 t + 3 = - 2 ( t - 1)2+5

5, - 3 +-

11 .
(1) y = 3sin2x-4cos2x ( 2 ) y==-cos2x+2cosx
(3) y=tan2x- tanx- 1 ( , - - - - -)
LIJW3,- 4 (2)1,- 3 (3)1,- s T
'22 9 .

8 0 x 2jr
y = sin2x+2 a c o s x - 1
4 ’ α

sin2x= 1- cos2x
y = 1 - cos2x+2 a c o s x - 1 = - c o s 2 x + 2acosx ( a > O)
cos x = t -1 t 1
y = - t2+2 a t = - ( t - a)2+ a2
.
0

sin2x = 1- cos
y = 1 _ cos2x+2 a c o s x - 1==--cos2x+2acosx ( a > O)
cos x= t -1 t 1
f (t)
f (t)= - t 2 + 2 a t = - ( t - a)2+a2 ( a > O)
(i) O<a < 1
t=α α2 ,
4
a2=4 . ' . a= 2
0<a < 1

(ii) a 1
t = rl - 1 + 2α ,
4
- 1+2a=z4 . ' . a=r
α 1 α

' · I I .
9 - 12. O x ` 2,r
y = 1- 2a sin x - cos2x
.
 9. / 2 3

9-i ,
(1) y = Isin2x I ( 2 ) y = I cos3x ( 3 ) y = Itan2x
9-2 r , α
(1) y sin ax I ( 2 ) y J cos ax I ( 3 ) y H tan ax I
9-3 x /(x)= f ( J
f (x)=cos7 rx f (x)==sin../T'rx f (x)= s i n 2 , rx
:/ , J / F , / / ^ ==Qil,-Jl r r ∼"
(T f (4-) = ' r Q - -----1r"- ( i 1 (
'-7 7 - u 2 " · ' ' ' " 2 " ' "

9-4 y=2sin(x - )+i /: Y) → (2x,

.
5 / ( x ) = / 1 + c o s x + 7 1 - cos x ,/
2r 2 , r , 2r2 0
9-6 x I / ( x + 3)= f (x /(x
' 5in2rx ( O x < 1)
- 0 ( 1 x < 2 /
. sin2r( x - 1) ( 2 ` x ` 3)

7 y = cos 2x x x

- . . ( 1 ( i - ">I l . . . . . . . .
q - 8 / I γ "\==I = ' " = " / ,' g / "' \ : r Ir"\r / 2 7 ∼ r "\si11" " ",' g I' "'\--L
1i ' I I
Q
In
r2
o
i,=
- - - I \"I 0 ( x <0) ,' . " ' / " " / ' \ - . ' - ' V '-' " " C O ,' .Y " ' / I - II

y
9-9
y = f (x
. g(x)= s i n x
y = ( g o f ) (x

10

- I . I - I - . , - . 1 7 1 ' \
v isinxi L . · y = cos x-I--7r) i . · Y = t a f l ` - - - x )

(2:) 1 , 1- ’ i ( D t , c.
 124 9 .

9-i l
f (x)= 3 sinx y=2
x
x
α β γ
/ α β γ
-3 - 2 0 2 3

12
y = 2sinx , x 0)
y=1 x
X1, X2, X3, …
,x x x x x X6

13 0 1 t .
A (0, 1 x= t

T . OT /(t
y = f (t
’ 0

9 - 14 x2+y2==1 P, Q A (1, 0

120 y
^ 3 sin x z,1 1, ___1 . i ,, -, - - -1
q - 15 y== ” l.' '
∼- - · 7 s i n x -1-2 - ' - ' ' /, pt - I - I /, U- = I I I
0 16 y=x 2 x sin 8 + c0s2

17 / ( x ) = s i n x , g (x)= - c o s 2 x + c o s x + 1
y = (fog)(x

18 a b 2 = 3ab cosγ , sin2(2r+a + β cosγ

’ a, b ‘ β + y = 2r

19 x αsin2x+ b cos2x+c
 125

'

§ .

□
x .
x

1 y = sinx . x
, - - 3 ) -
v5 .
2 ∼2∼
r;
'2 -
/ .

,==T
2
Z,rx
(Usin :
2r- =
3
sin1= : 7== r
z

2r- =-
/`, 2
(ii)sin : 7== = r
.

22r- = lv
 126 1 0 .

2 y = cos x . x
∼

1
- …∼
2

·
∥
(i)cos …∼∼→
: rr:
(5)cos Il

l O/
: 7r, Il 1"

lI·L

(ii)cos 22r- =I l·

7 7 I

. 3 y = tanx
. x

y = tanx

(i)tan
(7)
- 0 I : ,
’r" . -
7r 0 . -
2- ) 6 6
’r
tan =1
=7+- = - i , =2r- - - =- - 7r, = 2 r - - ={ic
ta 7T
=r+-=-fr c=r--=fiv, =2r- =rfr
*Note x < 0, x > 2,r x
 10 . ' 2 7

1 ._al.-O . ^ 1 . - . 1 -IL ^1 11 -II --1 .L .,1 -Il 11

' Q1T1 o , ('f1Qy"= - - , ran"7"→ 3
I t ' Il_LS_'&'_'!/ u , , ''-"' ' " 2 , ' ! &%
' V- I I I_I II_! I l I I -

. 4 0 x < 2,r ,

(1)sinx=- - - ( 2 ) c sx=--1- ( 3 ) tanx==-1

(1 y = sinx, (2 /=cosx, (3 7= tan x

α β y
(1)sin .
β - 0
2
x

·'· r , 2x=-3, - -ir 1

(2)cos .→ Jr 3
β 2 4
. 2 4
" ==Y'r, T ' r
(3)tan =1 .→ Jr
β Jr
·'·
c kce l

x cos 0, sin

(1)sino= -
.

. fl=r- Jr
 128 1 0 .

(2)cos0=-
=
.

. 7,β 2! 7
C
0 x ,r, 0 x < 22r x
’ x
.

sinx=
27r , 0 x<2 r

sinx= x=
’

x=2n,r+ 2n2r+2r- (n
sinx=a r l α
x = 2 n z + a , (2n+1)i r - a (
.
' ( - 1)' a (n

>cosx=-
22r , 0 x<22r 2 7 r -
, 1 / 1_/ 1_/ 1
-/ 13 n - - 3
' 9 COS = - - r - t = x = -T2--7r, M 1 - 7 J C
v ‘
x ,
7
x=2nj r(n
cos x = a ‘ 1 α
x = 2nir α ('
 10 . / 2 9

*tanx=
21 , 0 x < ,r
tanx=γ x= x
’
x=n r + (n

tanx=α α
x = n v + a (n

α(rad
(1) s i n x = a C l
- > x = 2 n v + a , ( 2 n + 1)' r - a
(2) c o s x = a l x = 2nr α
(3) t a n x = α zzr. x = =nir+a ( i

(1)sn
i x=--- (2) cosx=-4- (3) tanx== - 7 T

(1)sin(- )=-8i
', i v ^ , 7 /
x=2nir- 2 n n '+ 7r( n
7r l " i - → - + ,r / ‘ i∼
(2) cos " x = 2niv (n )
. I 2 r , . 7r / .1 '1 = , i v / -
(3) tan( - 7=-tan γ3 x = fir-i ('
Note 1 "

(3 tan = γ x=nir+
2' 0 x < 2,r (1

0x<2,r x=2n,r- n=1,x=2rn+ n=0

x=
 130 1 0 .

1 0 - i 0 x < 22r ,
(1) s . 11 - r \ = - 1 ( 2 ) cos2 1(1
c2x=- -
(2
x-=
)sin
\ 3 / L ,

, 7 r . ^ ' r / . 7 5 ^1 → ..1 '.a) t.1_11.1 .1 <l.4 A

`1) X - =`-==1 === l -=7 r< 7r Y1 r ‘
3 3 3
y = sint
(2) 2 x = t 0 t < 4jr . y = cos t
2r 0 t < 2jr 1

7,
6
c I

(1)8i0( : =2nr- ,2n2r+

0x<2r n=0 x= 'V
^,, 7r 1 . . . 7r . . 7 r
cosY=Y X-hflJrIY " X = fir=E -
0 x < 2,r n = 0, 1, 2
IVX-, IV,
, 10-1 .

(1)cos(x+--)=-4(0 x<2,r)(2)sin2x- ( - ,r<x<,r)

(3) 2cos- -irtan- - x = 1 ( - 2,r < x < 2ir)

(1)x IV, (2)x= (3) x=- IV

 10 . ' 3 1

10-2 . , 0 x < 2,r

(1) 2 cos2x-s i n x - 1 = 0 ( 2 ) sin4x+sin2x=cos4x+ cos2x+1
(3 '1-r n y -
J ..
' l.- ' / 3 ==0
∼^
" -` " ' t a n x ' - '

(1), (2) 57 sinx cos x

. , ' r c o s 2 x = 1 - siii2x
s l n - x 1 - cos-x = 1 ' = -2 , 2
I, S 1 f l X = 1 - COSX

(3) tan x tan x

(1) 2cos2x-s i n x - 1 = 0 2 ( 1 - sin2x)- - s i n x - -1=0

(2sinx- 1)(sinx+1)=0 · ' · sinx=- - , - 1

l '11 , 1 i r
s i n x = - h- ' i v 'i UX = ==,
sinx=-1 x 7r=3 5 2T
E l X=T , T3T
r,
(2) sin4x-cos4x+sin2x-cos2x-1 = 0 4T
3
(sin2x + cos2x)(sin2x - cos2x) +sin2x - cos2x - 1 = 0
... 2sin2x-2cos2x-1 = 0 . ' . 2 s i n 2 x - 2(1--sin2x)- 1 = 0 7T
57
· .· 8i.21=3srnxT · ' · srnx= - ---

sinx= x= 7,sinx= x=
1r 2 4
E · X==3, Y ’r,
(3) tan x tan2x+( 1 - J T ) t a n x - f =0
.'. ( t a n x - f ) ( t a n x + 1)= 0 . ' . t a n x = f , -1
t i n v "=JTi A-1' y = -- , -4-ir , t u i r = -1011A-1 i = -3-ir , -Zir
" ' " V -' I I I - 3 ,, 3 .' ,,%_!_V ".V - & I I I - · 4 " ., 4"

El -

10-2 . . , 0 x<22r
(1) 2 sin2x+3 cos x = 0 ( 2 ) sin4x=1 + cos2x
(3) tan2x+( I T + 1)t a n x + [ = 0
/ . , 2 4 ^ , , 1 ? - . 9 3 F 7
I"I (11' =Z_ 1. " r '2,' ' . =-=-- , --- (3 ' ' p = ---,- ,' · ",' ·’" ,' ·'' "
C ' --I ' 3 ' '. 3 " ' '-' ' 4 2 ', 2 " ' v ' 3 " ,' 4 " , 3 'I- ,' 4 ' "
 132 1 0 .

10-3 0 x < 2,r x

α
sin2x+2 c o s x + a = 0

sin2x = 1- cos2x 1 - cos2x + 2 cos x + a= 0

cos x= t -i t i , t 2 - 2t-- a - 1=0 ( D
t (2 -1<t 1
t cos x = t x
-1 t 1
y=t2-2 t - a - 1 t

sin2x=1 - cos2x 1 - cos2x + 2 cos x + a= 0

cos x= t -1 t 1
t2-2 t - a - 1 = 0 0

-1 t 1 (2
/ ( t ) = t2-2 t - a-i
y = f (t -i t`i t
α
/ ( t ) = ( t - i ) 2- a-2

f ( - i ) = 2 - a 2 0 , f ( i ) = - a - -2 0
.' . - 2 a ` 2 -- l I
c l (2 t2-2 t - i = α
-1 t 1
y = t 2 - 2 t - 1, y = a
α

■ 1 0 - 3. 0 x ,r x 2 s i n 2 x - 2sinx-- a + i = 0
α . -- 1
LU α l
A
 10 . / 3 3

§2.

sinx>0, cosx - tanx IT

.
x

1 . , 0 ` x < 22r
0l
(1)sin ( 2 ) COSX<-;z:-
, /
( 3 ) tanx>1

(1) y = s i n x 0
1
y = sln x
7γ
(2
'I-
x
-

Ox<f, -7r<x<27r
(2) y = c o s x 0
1 0
2
x j

(3) y = t a n x 0
y=1 · 0
y=1

x
7r z / 7 r 5 r ' 3
- v -r( . · "<. . < ·'r
4 ,2' 4 " `2 '
 134 1 0 .

1 0 - 4 0 x < 22r ,
(1) 2sin2x-3cosx 0 ( 2 ) tan2x+( / T - 1)t a n x - ' T < 0

(1) sjn2x+cos2x=1 cos x

, cos x . y = cos x
x
(2) tanx . y = tanx x

(1) 2 ( 1 - cos2x)- 3 c o s x 0
' . 2cos2x+3 c o s x - 2 0
.'.( 2 c o s x - 1)(cosx+2) 0
cos x +2>0
5T
2cosx- 1 0 . ' . c o s x - --

'r / / 5 2
’r -
(2) 3Y
g y=1
(tanx+I ) ( t a n x - 1)< 0 57
.' . - / < t a n x < 1
i4F
1

E
,, / / ,r 2 / / 5
u x <,= i - 9 = r I r <,
i
- ·/' r _→
-5 y<9 . w
3" "
c l( 1 )
cos x IC
i 1 .

1 0 - 4. 0 x < 2,r ,

(1) cos2x>1 - sinx ( 2 ) tan2x 1

I i (1) O<x < 4-. 4 - < x < IC
4 ' 4
'r / / ,r 7 V . _ 3
< < <
T XS_h-, 2_SX T
 10 . / 3 5

10-5 x x2+2 x + 2cos 0==0

. , 0 0 22r
(1) ’ ’

(2) 2]

αx2+b x + c = O( a , b, c
D = b 2 - 4ac
D > 0 4= '
' " - ' - -
, .
(
.
' AI
-
D = 0 4r J
D<0 4=
l (1) x2+2 x + 2cos 0= 0 ( o ` 0 2,r) D / 4 = 1 - 2cos 0
(i) : D / 4 = 1 - 2cos 0 = 0
,, 1 . ' , , 7 r 5
(fC
V 2
= = - ' .''
"
, .'r + -
" 3 ' 3' * El
: D / 4 = 1 - 2cos 0 0

cos ·
(iii) : D / 4 = 1 - 2cos 0 < 0

cos0>-- ·'·o 2 ·-
(2) α β α<0, β<0
D/4 = 1 - 2cos 0 0, a + /3=- 2 < 0, a j 9 = 2cos 0> 0
.' ^
,".' . (cc0c 7/ < l .' ' .'" ,- r- </ f l < -/ -7r. -3- ' r/ < ' f, l </ ---,r
5 - In I
"' v ∼ ∼ v →2 " 3 →v ,2' 2 ' .,v -3 " '
10-5 . y = x 2 - 2 x - . / Ts i n 0 0 0 2,r
(1) x ’
(2) x ,

(3) x y>0
El (1)0r--r, (2)O O<--n,+1<0`27v(3)
 136 1 0 .

i 10
10-i . , 0 x<2,r

(1) sin2x=- ! - ( 2 ) cos2x=- - - ( 3 ) tan- -x 1/T

. . . . / , 7r\ 1 ,- . . 3 7 r. 1
(4)S1fl(\X sin r costtanx y
10-2 . , 0 x < 2,r

(1)8i1(: =8i ( 2 ) O8I:- r\(1

cosx--)=sin-jj-
2
-=
_
(x
in
)s
(3) t x - --j=tanj-r(3
)(7
r\
1 3 0 x < 2'r , sinx+f c o s x - 2=0
10-4 0 x < 2,r ,
(1) 2 l o g s i n x - l o g c o s x + l o g 2 - l o g 3 = 0
(2) 1og81nr cosx+logc sxtanx=4
10-5 mg L cm
t h cm
, 9 i r t
h=20- Lcos- - -
. 64 g 5 γ T cm
1 xg
10 cm 2
,x L < 20 x 100
100 1 4 4 1 9 6 2 5 6 3 2 4

10-6 sinirx
1 3 5 7 .
10-i x I 2 cos2x-s i n x - 1=a ( s i n x + 1 0 < x < 7r
α

10-s (1, 8e xsinO+ycos8=1

0o
 10 . / 3 7

10-9 y = x 2 - 2 x s i n 0 + cos20 ,
` D D /
x+y = 0 ,

'/ 3 ' ' 6 ∼ 6

10
(1) sinx cosx ( , 0 x 2 r ) ( 2 ) 2cosx>3tanx ( , 0<x<- -)
1 0 11 B ("C ,
T ( 'C
T=B - kcos ’ B, k
2( 18 'C , 40
20 "C . 4 ,
4
18 'C 20 'C
40 60 C ) 80 1 0 0 120
1 0 - 12 y
2 y = cosa(x+bHC
y = cosa( x + b)+ c ( , a > 0, 0 < b < ,r)
3

0 0 < yr c o s a( 0+ b) + c <1

1 0 - 13 0 x < ,r γ t a n x + 1 < 0, 2 s i n x > f 2 x

α β . sina!+ t a n β
D - 1.5 ( 2 ) -1 0 1 1 . 5
1 0 - 14 cos20-3cos 0 - a + 9 0
α
10 5 x x2__ .1Tx+s i n 2 0 - cos20=0
l . , 0`0 7
10 6 2x2+3xcos 0 - 2sin20+1 = 0 , 0 0<2
1 .
1 0 17 y=- x , 2xcos 0+1 , 0 0 ` 2,r .
(1) .
(2) 21
Lβ8

§1 ,
Sine
ABC A , B, C
A , B, C
BC, CA, A B α b ,c
.

’
A, B , C, a , b , c
6
ABC k , ABC
6 R

Sine

(Sine

ABC A , B, C
α,b,c, R

α b c
8`' ` / , 8 l, 8 `.7
 11 . /39

1) ABC 0 , B0
0 A' BA ' E;N 2R
(i) - A ( i i ) _ A ( i i i ) - - A
/

(i) A < 90 ' A = A ', z A ' C B = 90 "

sinA=sinA'= =- ·'· sinA=2R

(ii) A > 90 " A = 180 ' - A ', L A ' C B = 90 "

sin A=sin (1800- A')=sin A'= & · ' · sinA =2R

(iii) A = 90 ' s i n A = 1, a = 2R ' s i asinA =2F

,bsinB-2R, , c=2R
·'· , i aA= , ibB= ,csn
i Asin
BinC- 2R
2) A
(D AB , AC
C( b c o s A , b s i n A )
C(bcosA, b s i n A ) 0
B BX
BC ∼ -c B x x
C( c + acos( r - B ) , asin( r - B))
, C ( c - acosB, asinB) 2)
(2),(2 C

bsinA=asinB , aA - , bsinA - sinB

b c - a h ' ?
sinB - s i n C " s i n A - sinB - sinC
 140 1 1 .

1
(1) 0 = 450, R = 10cm , a
(2) 8 = 30 ", a = 5cm R
(3) a = 3, R = 3 ,
α , 8, R

: A -2R

(1) -,- =2R a ,, =2X10 . ' . a = 10' T (cm)

bIfl U sin45.
F
(2) - = 2R ' R = 5 (cm)
5in u si1r3o0=2Rsin30
. . ^ l
(3) - = 2Rsin0 sm =
sin
=300

2 ABCD LB== L D = 90 ", L A = 45 ', A C = r 2 / - c m

BD
L B = 90 ', L D = 90 " ABCD
AC
ABD
nfl -
s;# ' =ACsinA
L A = 45 ", A℃= 2 J 2 cm
BD=2v/Ts i n 4 5 "=2 (cm)

3 ABC A = 60 ', B = 45 ', a = 10 b

F· AABC
α b
sinA - s i n B
a = 10, A = 60 ", B = 45 " ?
10 b
sin 60. s i n 450
.'.' b . 10sin45 ' = l o γ
.'.' ' s i n 6 0 , 3
 11 . /41

11 - i L A B C
(1) s i n A + s i n B > sinC
(2) a, c 2b=a + c , sinA, sinB, sinC

(3) A : B: C = 3 : 4 : 5 ’ a :b : c

sin750=γ 77

. a . = . b : = . ' , - , = 2 R

Sinr S l f l f l S i .7

r (1)
a . ` , b . , c . ,` L →
Sin_ =- : - , s I n h j = -2 , S I i l U = - - < p - f i - ’"
α . z) c h- -
" sinA+sinB-sinC=- +2 T ^ ` , ="'2 ' >0
= ^ ` ,

, s i n A + s i n B - s i n C > 0 . ' . sinA+s i n B > sinC

(2)
a = 2 R s i n A , b = 2RsinB, c = 2RsinC <
2b=a + c
2X2RsinB=2 R s i n A + 2RsinC . . . 2 s i n B = s i n A + s i n C
(3) B + C = 180 "
A=180' X- - =45", B = 180" X- - =60", C = 180' X- - =75"

a : b : c = s i n A : sin B: sinC
," . . . - .∼ n . -. 1 . J U . 1 f - i-T i
,"' a· b·.c==sin45'· sn
i 60"· sin75'=γ ·. '2 ·. ' "1 ' "
· 11 - i . z A B C
(1) C = 90 ' , sin2A+sin2B=sin2C
(2) a2>b2+c2 s i n A , sinB, sinC
(3) a - 2 b + c = 0, 3 a + b - 2 c = 0 s i n A : sinB: sinC
(4) s i n A : s i n B : s i n C = 4 : 5: 2 a b : bc: cα
(1) (2) sin2A>sin2B+sin2C (3) 3 : 5 : 7 (4) 10 : 5 : 4
142 1 1 .

1
(1) L A B C
c(sin2A+sin2B)= s i n C ( a s i n A + bsinB)
(2) x I , LABC

x2sin2A+2x sinAsinB+sin2A+sin2C=O

,
a b c ‘ → ^.. , ·
l`u
sin A - s i n B - s i n C - -
(1)
. , a . 1 , h . ,, . _ ^
sinA , s i n B=- , s i n C=

a = 2RsinA, b = 2RsinB, c = =2RsinC

(1) 8i02A+8.i2B=
)q(a\2+/b\21=c(d+b2)(+
(A
:J1
cR
)=
B
2
sin
+--),1=
sinC(asinA+bsinB)= & ( a X & +b x- ) = c (d+b2)4R2
... c(sin2A+sin2B)==sinC( a s i n A + bsinB)
(2) (sin2A)x2+ 2(sin AsinB)x + sin2A+sin2C=0
D/4 = sin2Asin2B-sin2A(sin2A+sin2C)=O
sinA*O sin2A s i n 2 B - s i n 2 A - sin2C=O

·'·I 7.'2- / \2-/ \21aIC_A· . · '+( 2u-arC

ABC B = 90 " - E
11 - 2. L A B C
a(sin B - sin C) + b(sin C - sin A)+ c(sin A - sin B)= 0
11 - 3 . ABC
(1) cos2B+ cos2C- cos2 A = 1 ( 2 ) a sin2A= bsin2B
(1) A = 90 " ( 2 ) a= b
11 - 4. x x 2 s i n A + 2x sinB+s i n C = O
LABC α , b, c . b 2 = ac
 11 . / 4 3

1 ABC
A = 3 0 , a = 2, b = 2 1 T

6 A , B, C, a, b, c

B, C C
LABC
α - b c
D A + B + C = 180"
s i n A -- sin B - s i n C

LABC

A=,bA-sinB , 00=2
·'sinB=1Tsin300=q
. ' . B=60 " 120"
(i) B = 60 " :
C = 180 ' - ( A + B)=180 ' - (30 "+60 ')=90"
c a r 2 . " .
siiiC = s i A I s i 1 { 90. = s i r -0 o . " ' c = 4srnCsin
3
0
9
A
B = 120 ' : C = =30 ', c = 2
P 1 B = 60 ', C =90 ", c = 4 B = 120', C = 30 ", c = 2
c l
.

b=2 f o S ' / Y',. '7 = = /

’ "
A " 60
· 11 - 5 . ABC
(1) A = 30 ', a = 3, c = 6 ( 2 ) B = 120 ', b = 2 1 T, c = 2
(3) B = 30 ', b = I T , c = 3
I I (1) B = 60 ', C = 90 ", b - 3`' T (2) A = 30 ', C = 30 ', a = 2
(3) A = 90 ', C = 60 ', a==2.IW A = 30 ', C = 120 ', a = o/T
 144 1 1 .

§2 .

I (Cosine)
6 .

(Cosine ,

(1)
α b cos ( c c08 B
ccosA α c 8c
c= ac0sB+b c 0 s A
(2)
a2= b c2-2 bccosA
b2= c2+ a2-2ca cosB
eY=a2+ b2-2abcosC

c r.1 "
1) ABC A BC
D
A

(i) B, C
a = B D + C D = c cos B+ b cos C
(ii) C
a== B D - C D = c cos B - b cos (180 "-C)= c cos B+ b cos C
B
(iii) C : a=c c o s B
cos C=O α = c c o s B + bcosC
B
 11 . / 4 5

b = c c o s A + acosC, c = acosB+bcosA
2)
p- 139 2 e), C x
bcosA== c - acosB . . . c = a c o s B + b c o s A

1LABC B = 30 ', C = 45 ', b = 2, c = 2 7 2 , A α

A = 180 "-( B + C)
=180 "_(300+450)=1050
’
a = c c o s B + bcosC
∼ ∼ … α = ? -

=2JTcos30 "+2 cos45"

=`
* Note

c ftC 2"
1) a = b c o s C + c c o s B 0
b = c cos A + a cos C 0
c=acosB+bcosA
(2) Xa a 2 = a b c o s C + accosB 0
xb b 2 = b c c o s A + abcosC 0
Xc c 2 = accosB+bccosA 0
C )-(Z b 2 + c 2 - a2=2bccosA . " . a2=b2+e 2 - 2 b c c o s A

D b2=c a 2 - 2ca cos B

○ + C ) -(D c 2 = d + b 2 - 2abcos C
2) A
C(bcosA, bsinA)
` , `

` " .

d = (b cos A - c)2+( b s i n A ) 2
=b2cos2A-2bc cosA+ c2 1\B(c, 0)
----C-- -
x
+ b2sin2A
=b2+c 2 - 2bccosA
 146 1 1 .

. ·2 3cm, 4cm 60 "

α
b2+c 2 - 2 b c c o s A
. ’
a2=32+42-2X3X4 cos 600=13
.'. a = J (cm)

113 ABCD A B = 3cm, BC=5 c m , L A B C = 60 '

BD

A D = B C = 5, L B A D = 180 ' - 60 '=120"

ABD
BD2=32+52-2X3X5cos 120 "=49
.' . BD=7(cm)

4 AABC α = 6 , b = 5, c = 4 , cos A
AABC cos A,
cosB, cosC
a2=b c 2 - 2bccosA
ccosA=b c2 α2
.' . j , 2 ,,2_ ,2
' ." cns A = u "
" 2 b c

cosA='“ -a2C,cosB= a2-b2ca,cosC= C2

cosA= b2+c 2 - a2= 52+42_ 62 _ 12bc2X5X48

5AABC
(1) 0 '<A < 90 ' a 2 < b2+c2 ( 2 ) 90 '<A < 180 " a 2 > b2+c2
a2=b2+c 2 - 2bccosA 2 bc cos A = b c2_a2
(1) 0 '<A < 90 '0] c o s A > 0 . ' . b2+c 2 - d > 0 . ' . a2<b2+c2
(2) 90 '<A < 180 "0] c o s A < 0 . ' . b 2 + c 2 - a2<0 . ' . a 2 > b2+c2
 11 . / 4 7

1 ABC
(1) B = 60 ", C = 45 ", c = 2 ( 2 ) B = 60 ', C = 45 ', a = 3 + f

B,C A
A + B + C = 180.
(1)

(1 α ’ (2
b, c
sin 75 "
. sin75 "
: a = c c o s B + bcosC

(1) A = 180 "-( B + C)=180 '--(60 "+45 ')=75"

,i 00 s 50·'· ' γ
a = c c o s B + b cosC=2cos 60 '+/ Tc o s 4 5 "=1 + f
A = 75 ', b = ' T , a = 1 + . / T
(2) A = 180 "-( B + C)=180 " - (60 "+45 ")=75"

,1 00 s 50 ·'· 7
3+/ T = ccos60 "+bcos45 " . ' . c + / T b = 2(3+I T ) 0
(2),(2 b = 3J2, c = 2 J T A =75 ', b = 3 J 2 , c = 2γT
C l (1 sin75 "
/7 c ^1n i - i-`/ 9 . . ∼ , ' ,
^ = ,, OI - . ' V : , = .-. ' . 0,`.'1,7c = - V v ','"
sinA s i n C ' - - s i n 7 5 . s i n 4 5 . " 'l " u 4
sin75 " .

11 -6 . ABC
B = 60 ', C = 75 ", a = 100 [ 1 A==45 ', b = 5 0 f i , c = 50(( T + 1)
 148 1 1 .

11 - 5 ABC
(1) A = 45 ', b = 2, c = / T + / ( 2 ) a = i T , b = 2, c = / + 1

(1) L A B C ’

: a2=b - 2 be cos A

(2) A A B C ,

a2=b2+e2-2bccosA cosA=" -a2C

cos A
(1)
a2=22+C [ + I T ) 2 c=r 6 γ γ
- 2 X 2 X ( / T + f 2 ) cos45 " =8
.
b=2
a>O α J =2γ7
, ∼ ∼ “…α ?--

nB-, nA ,2mB=, ·'·sinB=

B = 30 " B = 150 ' B = 30 '
.'. C 1 8 0 ' - (45 "+30 ')=105 ' [ F 1 a = 2 7 2 , B = 30 ', C=105"

(2). A b 2 + c2- a2 - 22+( 3 + 1)2 ( r ) 2 - 1 · · · A = 60(2

1
+
-x('T
b
sA
)co

moo',fl=z
, . u2 + ,72_J,2
I (4' , ' =( .` '/ -T '+.1-,-' r'.J F. )-2 /- -22
- - 1 = -. - ',.'' `B = =
.z ,'5,"
2 c a 2 X ( f + 1)X / T r2
.'. C = 180 "-(60 '+45 ")=75 ' P 1 A = 60 ", B = 45 ', C = 75"
c l (2 B = 45 ' , b (=2
. ' α ( F , b=2, c = J +1 ABC
' cos B
,I I 11 - 7 . ABC
A = - , b = 2, c = 7 T + 1 L I E 1 a== / T, B = - - , C = 4 7 r
. ) ‘ i D

11 - . 13, 8, 7 ABC
. 1200
 11 . ' 4 9

. l
6 ,
.

A A

B a . C B " … C B " … 2
>
α b, c
, b 2 + r α2 , , β α 2-J 2 , , α 2 b 2 - cp
0oQ A = u “ -, .4,, p n a p = ' . 4, u . = 8 ('=r "
- 2 b c ' ∼ ∼ 2 c a ' ' ' " 2 a b
B + C = 180 "

p. 148 1 (2)
>
A,B , C B + C = 180 "
.

,
a b c , → . ` ,
sin A = s i n B - s i n C, α o c o s '- ccosIj, ' "

p.147 11 - 4
>
b, c A α
: α2== b c2-2bccosA
, .
p. 148 11 - 5 (1)
>
p. 143 11 - 3
.
150 1 1 .

11 - 6 z A B C =12, E =18, C A = 15
(1) BC M , AM
(2) A BC D , AD

LABC

8B= c+a2cosB=2ci-
cos B

c = 12, a = 18, b = 15
192_ 1 Q 2 - - 1 r 2 0
∼ ^ - LL! I S U j - U - .1
LA). i - '
2X12X18 1 6
(1) A A B M
X M 2 = 122+92-2 x 1 2 x 9 c o s B

cosB= AM2= Z
·'·AMm/F= 3f - □ q"

(2) AD A
A B : A C = B D : DC 1
8
BD=x
12: 15=x : (18-x )
.'. 12( 1 8 - x ) =15x . ' . x = 8
ABD
AD2=122+82-2X12X8cosB

cosB=' AD2=100·'·AD=10 □
*Note (1) A 2 + A 2_2( M2+BM2
AM

1 1 - 9. A A B C A 3, =7, =5
(1) BC P BP=2 AP
(2) A BC H , AH

· L (1) (2)15I2)7
 11 . ' 5 1

11 - 7 ABC
(1) a c o s A = bcosB ( 2 ) 2 s i n A c o s B = sinC
(3) sin2AtanB=sin2BtanA

.
,

(1)
aX b2 c2- d =bx c2+a2- b2 · .· (a2-2
ca
.'. ( a 2 - b2)( c 2 - a 2 - b2)=O . ' . a==b c2=d + b2
α=b C = 90 " -
(2)
2\ a / c 2 + a 2 - b 2 = 2c2X-X
aR · ' ·
c
2 c 2 + a 2 - b2=c2

,'. α2=b2 . ' . a = b ( . . . a > O, b > O)

α b +-

(3 8i.2A/ 8i.2B×Sill=sinBxCOS
' . sinAcosA=sinBcosB

a2R><2 a2=b2R"' 2c-' "

.. a2(b2+ c2- a2)= b2(c2+ a2- b2) . ' . ( d - b2)c 2 - ( a 4 - b4)= 0
... (a2-b2)( c 2 - a 2 - b2)=O . ' . a = b c2=a2+b2
α b C = 90 " ·
1 1 - b0 . ABC
(1) cosA : cosB=a : b ( 2 ) c = 2acosB
(3) a c o s B - b c o s A = c ( 4 ) d c o s A s i n B = b2sinAcosB
(5) s i n A + s i n B = sinC( c o s A + cosB)
(1) a = b (2) a = b (3) d = b2+c2
(4) α b b2=c2 (5) α b2=c2
 152 1 1 .

§3 .

[
C C C
bsin(180.- A )

1800
A "… . f[ = 'B a - - - ; ' B A (H)
∼ 7 -

sin(1800 - A ) = s i n A , sin90 "=1 A

C H = bsinA
ABC S S=r × × bcsinA

,c
A ’ LABC S
,. 1 ,
=r . r ' 8I1' / ,
6

.m1 α S
S ×α×α×si
z
6o.= l
LI
I .
. I
.Heron

ABC S A

S=I s (s- a)( s - b)( s - c)

’ 2s=a + c)

2 4, 5, 7 S
2s=4 + 5 + 7 = 1 6 1 s = 8 . ' . S = ,/'8( 8 - 4)( 8 - 5)( 8 - 7) = 4 ' T
 11 . /53

1 α ,b ,

(1) S α’ b,
(2) a + b = 4 S α , b'

(1) ABCD A , B, C,
D
EFGH EFGH

H E = a, F E = b, L H E F = 0
.
^ - . ' ∼ 1 .
R = f l A f l C f l = - - f l R 1 ' f T - T = AT 'T'T-T
∼ -"---' 2 '
. ' . 1 . . ^
.== i α o 81 ·
L

(2) S= absin Si“ S

α+b=4 αb α=b=2 4
Sin =90 " 1 S
S=- - x2x2x1=2
2, a = 2, b = 2, 0 = 90"
c E, I S D
ABCD

α α’ x+y = b

S=z O A B + z O B C + t O C D + A O D A B

=--xpsin0+--pysin(180"-0)+ αsin0+--qxsin(180"- 0)
=- - (xp+ py+yq+qx) sin 0=- - (x+y)(p+q)sin 0=- -ab sinO
w 11 - l i . α,b
. [ absinO

I 1 1 - 12 . 60 ' ,
. L 1 2
154 1 1 .

1 1-9 ABCD
A B = 7, B C = 8, C D = 9, D A = 10, L B = 120"

A C ABCD
ABC ACD

AABC S
1
(i) S = absinO
(ii) S==./s( s - a)( s - b)( s - c) ( 2 s = a + b+ c)

ABC 7/88h120" 7\8 147

, LABC
A 2=72+82_2X7X8c0S120o ==169 . ' . AC=13

L\ACD=,/16(16-9)(16- 10)(16- 13) = 12114 s=+(9+10+ 13)= 16

ABCD
EABCD= ABC+ A C D = 1 4 f , +12%/i4 ·
11 - i 3 . ABCD
A B = 5, B C = 8, C D = 3, D A = 3, L C = 60"
, A ABD
P 1 A=120', AABD=15/
11 - 14 . ABCD
A D = 7, C D = 8, A B : B C = 2 : 3,
L B = 90, L D = 120"
’
L11 39+14/T

11 - 15. A B = 6, B C = 10, C D = 5, L B = L C = 60 "

ABCD . 20' T
 11 . / 5 5

1 1 - 10 A B = 8, A C = 3, A = 60 ' ABC AB,

AC F, Q A P = x, A Q = y . LAPQ
__1._) _-_1 . . ,, _.1 ._ 1 ^ . 1 _., _ 1 _1 /, ^ _ ,1,._? 1. , -,
ABC . , '
' 00 . - . - ._#%_# - I =0 I - I 6 to l I , I - t o - I I 0 - , I - I
(1) xy 1
(2) PQ

(1)
', 1 , . .
b = - - O C SiflA
z
ABC APQ
(2) PQ2 x 7
PQ2
d = b2+c 2 - 2 b c c o s A

(1)AAPQ= tABC
--xysin60'=j--X--X 8X3sin60"
. '. T 4 <-
(2) L A P Q
PQ2=x2+y 2 - 2xy cos 600
= x 2 + y 2 - x y = x2+y2--4 x > 0, y > 0

>2γ5 - 4 = 2xy--4== 2 X 4 - 4 = 4
x=y=2 PQ2 4 PQ
2 . 2

1 1 - 16. A B = 4, A C = 6 ABC BC P AB,

AC D,E . AABC PDE
8 , PD x FE . 3

1 1 - 17 . 4 B = 30 " ABC . AC
’ A B + BC . L 8

1 1 - 18. A B = 2, B C = 3, C A = 4 ABC . AB
P AC Q ABC □PBCQ
, PQ . I I T
 156 1 1 .

11 - l i z A B C S, R,
γ
(1)
, ` n u t ' , , n i , ,' ^ - . ^ . ', . ,,
S =---- , p . S = 2I s1.`,"'As ;,,'Jsl "f'
`' 4 R ' 4S ' - '
(2) a = 5, b = 6, c = 7 ’ S, r , R

AABC b ,c A S
^ 1, .
= r oc 8Ir /,
L
. ,
. α . = .br=. t ',. = 2 R
8}I f B I I 8 l I ' `'

,-. , ', 1 , .
W === OCS1flhi 0
sinA=

S _ 1 × a · .· S _ abc · .· R _ abcS--b
S
cX
----..R----
C b = 2RsinB, c = 2RsinC
S=- - X 2RsinBX2RsinCXsinA=2R2sinAsinBsjnC
(2) (i) 2s=5 + 6 + 7 = 18 . ' . 3=9
.'. S = I 9 ( 9 - 5)( 9 - 6)( 9 - 7) = 6 / i - LE
(ii) 0
AAOB+t B O C + A C 0 A = AABC
- - X7X r + - - X5X r + - - X6X r = 6 V T

· ' · 9 r = 6 / · ' · r = = - - - [ 1

r;;";," p = i ? → 5 X 6 X 7 = 35/ - '

"" " 4S 4 x 6 / I

kce I ,2Sa+b+,
L lI 11 - 19 . 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm

: 1cm, : cm
 11 . 157

§4 .

1 1 - 12 I] A P
45 ' . P 30 "
2 km B P 60 "
.

.
P H = P Q + QH

A PA H
PH=A H = x
’ LPBQ

LBAR L BAR= 30 ", A B = 2 E = 1, A J

PA H L P A H = 45 " PH=x
AH=x
PBQ
P Q = P H - Q H = x - 1, B Q = R H = A H - A R = x - - I T
." P U - - - 1 n . . ' l . - . . .1
."' f t = tan60' . " ' x-1='3(x---/3) . " ' x='3+1BQx
-f3
( / + 1 ) kin
1 1 - 20 . I A P
30 ' . P 600 m
200 m B P 45 "
. . 200( / T + 1)m
1 1 - 21 . lOOm A
B 60 ' 45 "
. . 50(3+r )m
 158 1 1 .

1 1 - 13
P Q

A, B
A B = 750 m, L A B P = 53 ",
z PA B = 110, L PAQ= 60"
. ,Q 270 m
QR , LRAQ=5 ' . P, Q
. , A , B, P, Q
s i n l 7 '=0.3, sin53 '=0.8, tan5 "=0.09, 1 T = 2.6

AAPQ LA 60 "
A P,
AQ ,

PQ2=d + b2-2ab cosA

PQ
l 0 AABP A P B = 180 ' - (110 ' + 53 ')= 17"

AP 7 5 0 . -;--:F; 7 5 0 .. ,, r, ' , ^ ^ ^ / , . i ,
* . t /==- ---AU.o==hUuLl' m I = =hUcrn)
sin53 ' - sin17" u'`3
LARQ
QR . . - - = Q R - 270 ‘ ^^/ , ',/` -,
AQ - L a n . " zt tan5 ' - 0 . 0 9 l u l l )
APQ
P 2=AP2+A Q 2 - 2 xAP XAQ X cos (LPAQ)
=22+ 32_ 2 x 2 X 3 cos 60 "=7
. ' . PQ=/ T = 2.6( k m ) -
1 1 - 22 . P
210m PQ ’
A B = 2km, L A B P = 45 ', L Q B P = 4"
. , A, P
. ’ tan4 '=0.07
,/13-6 f k m
 11 . ' 5 9

1 1 - 14
(1) SPR
SPo=a, S Q = b, S R = c, P Q = 2, Q R = 1
a, b, c
(2 p.
Lr``
’ 1
60 ", 45 ' , 30 " . PQ=2km, Q R = l k m ,

(1) t S P R
c2=a2+3 2 - 2 x a x 3 c o s P 0
LSPQ
b2=a2+2 2 - 2 X a x 2 c o s P 0
e) X3_O X 2 3 b 2 - 2c2=d - -6
.' . & - 3 b 2 + 2c2-6 = 0
(2) x km
# = t a n 6 0 ' . .

Q S = x, R S = I x (1
(_[ _ 3x2+2(rx)2_6=0. ·. 2
` ,/ / - - - J

x>0 x=4 k∥ -
V o i )
c 5 I P Q = QF (Pappus
ASPR PR Q
' ' = 2( r ' ' ) p . 12

w 1 1 - 23 . A
’ 45 ' . A 500 m
B 30 '
. 250z2m
1 1 - 24 . 500m
A , B, C ’ P
300 ' 450, 60 " .
250' T m
 160 1 1 .

1 1 15
42 " 0
P
. A, B
P, A , B

OP=50 km ’ P A + A B + BP
, sin6 '=0.1 ’

P P, , P " ,
PIP " A,B
VI A B + BP
P , ei te)
L A O P = L A O P ', L B O P = L B O P "
L P 'OP" = 2 L A O B = 2 x42 "=84"
, OP' = O P = 50, OP" = O P = 50
.' . PP"2=502+502-2X50X50cos84"
cos 84 '=cos(90 ' - 6 ')= s i n 6 '=0.1
P'P"2=5000-5000X0.1 = 4500 . ' . P 'P" = 3 0 1 T (ktn) - P 1
∼ e l A P'
A' B B'
PA ' + A 'B' + B ' P = P ' A ' +A'B' + B 'P"
> P, P,,
= P ' A + A B + BP"
= P A + A B + BP
11 - 25 . 10cm
40 " 0AB AB
P . OA, OB Q,
R LPQR
, sinlO "=0.17 . 7166 cm
 11 . /61

1 1 - 16
. 6m ’
ODD
A, B □ □

x □ □
DOD
. ’ 15 " 30 " DOD
DUD

is

0 AB β
LAPB=O
P
ABa

AB 60 "
01 , 30 " 02

’ AAB01 01
AB=6 . , 02
γ AB02
62=r 2 + r 2 - 2 X r X r c o s 3 0 ' . ' . r 2 " 3 6 (2+/ T )
01 S1 , 02

S1 ×6' 7+--X62Xsin =30,r+9/,

S2=--xγ2× X r2Xsin =33(2+/ T ) 2r+9(2+I T )
.'.5 "=S 2 - S i - 3(12+11`1T)' r + 18(m2) II
1 1 - 26 .
PA = PB P

OP=50m, O A = O B = 100m, L A O B = 90"

0

J r = 1.4, 1 2 = 1.5 r 1 125m

 162 1 1 .

11 - i ABCD
BC 0
B C = 13, C D = 5 , sin A
s5 , 5 ,5 7 / 1 , 7 ,ss12
' 1 3 ' ',' 1 2 ' '13 ' ' 1 2 ' '13
I 2 ABC
4cos( B + C)c o s A = - 1 α
J J 2 2 γ γ 2`/ T

1 1 - 3 B = 60 ", C = 45 " ABC BC B,C P

. , AABP ACP

11 - 4 A B = A C ABC
(1) log2sinA-log2cos B - log2sinC
(2) A = 120 ", a = 4 P AC , BP CP2

11 - 5 14 ABC P A
B , Q B C
, P Q 2
P B , PQ .
11 - 6 ABCD A B = =5 cm, E =3cm,
CD==2cm, L A B C = 60 " , AD
D 2 / 2cm 3cm 2 f c m 4cm 4 f 2 c m

1 1 - i B = 90 ' ABC P .
P A = 10, P B = 6, L A P B = L B P C = L C P A ’ PC

11 - 8 A A B C , A
. . sin A o ; ',, i o 'r.C ^ , . ^ . ^ . - . 1 , ,, . r`
r'l.' . t = .' = .' t 7 ( 7 .' 6 Q111 A s r 9 J i s1. nB=3c1.ii'fl
s-.I 7 5 3 5 _ I ∼ ' ‘ “ v -I " '.-'
11 - 9 A A B C ( b + c ) : ( c + a ) : ( a + b)= 4 : 5 : 6 , s i n A , cosA,
tan A
 11 . / 6 3

11 - 10 I x2+x + 1, 2 x + 1, x 2 - 1

11 - l i A A B C sinA=J s i n B , c2 =b2+I T b , A, B, C

1 2 LABC a2+ b2=2c2 ,

(1) cosC α ,b . ( 2 ) C
1 1 - 13 ABC
α 2= b2+ c2- bc, s i n A==2 cos B sinC
(1)A . ( 2 ) AABC
1 1 - 14 B = 60 " ABC B AC D
, AD : DC=1 : 2 . AB : AC .
11 - 15 L A B C A BC D
A B = 15, A C = 10, A D = 3`' T BC .
1 1 - 16 L A B C a = 6, b = 10, C = 120 " . A BC
H , AH
2J 3 f c ) 3J 4 J 5 / T
17 ABC
A , B, C BC, CA, A B
D, E, F
AD : BE : CF=4 : 3 : 2 LABC=
’ cos
11 - 18 ABC
BC, CA, A B 1 : 2, 1 : 3, 1 : 4
D, E, F . LABC
60 ,
(1) A B D F
(2) L D E F
1 1 - 19 L A B C A BC P
b = 3, c = 6, A = 120 " AP
D 1.5 2 2 . 5 3 3 . 5
1 1 - 20 L \ A B C A B , BC, C A 3, 4, 5
 164 1 1 .

1 1 - 21 ABC
(1) b = 2 1 T, c = 6, B = 30 ", C > 90 ' ( 2 ) b - 20, B = 45 ', C = 60"
1 1 - 22 2 , 60 ", 45"

1 1 - 23 L A B C A = 60 ', a = 2 J 7 , b + c = 10 , LABC
@ 2/T 3 / T 5 f 6 f 7 / T
1 1-24 ABCD AB==7cm, B C = 8cm, A C = l 3 c m
(1) B b . ( 2 ) □ABCD .
1 1 - 25
10% , 10%
’

1% . 1 % 11%
11% . A
11 - 26 ABC ../" ,.
A BC
N∼'=1 , x'C=2 ,
(1) PQ
(2)
1 1 - 27
APQ
□ABCD
B/V \.
A B = 5, B C = 4, C D = 3, D A = 2
(1) cosA . ( 2 ) LIIABCD
1 1 - 28 A A b = 1,
=2, L A = L B = 90 " ABCD
. AD P
P B = x, P C = y , xy

1 1 - 29
500 m ’ 37 ' A,
B
. 12 ' ,
. ’ sin12 '=r0.2,
sin37 '=0.6
 i

§1 .
□ · ·
2n-1 n 1, 2, 3, … , n, …
1,3 , 5 , " , 2 n - 1," 0
.
,
. ,
’ , , … , , …

1 , 2 3 ,…, n

ai, U2, a3, " , a n , " 0

<2 α z=2 n - 1 n 1, 2, 3, … , n, …
. n a7z
αn
’ α
{ an)
. (2 {2n-1

* Note , i , 2b 34 4 …
 166 1 2 .

(Z

, (2 N k
f: N - R N n

/' : n - 2 n - 1 , f (n)= 2 n - 1

f (1), f (2), f (3), " , f (n), …

1 4
(1) {n2} ( 2 ) { 2 n + 2' }
(1) an=n 2 as, a2, a3, a4
ai=12, a2==22, a a - 32, a 4 = 42
1, 4, 9, 16
(2) an=z2n+2' ’ a1, as, as, a4
aj=2 X 1 + 2', a 2 = 2 X 2 + 22, a3" 2 X 3 + 23, a4==2X4+24
4, 8, 14, 240
12 / ( n ) =10' - l 4
/ ( 1 ) = l o ' - 1 = 9, 4 / ( 4 ) = 1 0 4 - 1 = 9999
cJ I ·
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 .
, ,

1,2 , 3 , . ' , n , …

α ' ai
aj, as, as, " , a 1
αz
as, as, a3, " " a , , ' "
α z
Note
 12 . / 6 7

§2 ,

1,3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , " 0 9 , 7,5,3,1, · · · 0

1 2
, (2 9 -2

’
2 1, 2 ,(2 9,
-2
* Note Arithmetic Progression A.P . .

α’ '/' n α
ai, a 2 , a 3 , " , a n - i, a n ,
" I i I I I I I I
a, a + d , a + 2d, … , a + ( n - 2)d , a + ( n - 1)d ,
- - - - - - -

+d + d + d

a2-a l = a 3 - a2=" · = an-an-i = an+i - a n = · · · =

an= a+( n - 1)d

α , α αn= a+( n - i ) '

(2 α=1, d = 2 α n - 1 + ( n - i ) X 2=2 n - 1
α=9, d = - 2 α ( n - 1)x ( - 2)= - 2 n + i i

α’ ' α
an=a + ( n - 1)d , a n + i - an=d
 168 1 2 .

1 10 n
(1) 3, 6, 9, … ( 2 ) 8, 1, - 6 , … ( 3 ) 1, 1, 1, …
α d, n α
an= a+( n - 1)d
(1) a = 3, d = 3
ai = 3 + ( 1 0 - 1)X 3 = 30, a n = r3+( n - 1)X 3 = 3n
(2) a = 8, d = _ 7
aio=8 + ( 1 0 - 1) X ( - 7)= -55, a n = 8 + ( n - 1) x ( - 7)= - 7 n + 15
(3) a = 1, d = 0
aio=z l + (10_1)XO=rl, a 'z=1 + ( n - 1)X 0 = 1
* Note 1 ai.=1, a ' = 1
c I α 1 (1),(2 0
αn=d n + a - ( n
’ (3 0 αn
α
o α z
0 an

α x, b 1 x α b
. ,
a, x, b( A . P. ) < x - a = b - x 4= 2 x = a + b
α
ai, az, … , an, an+i, afl-f2, … ( A . P. ) an+1 - a n = an+2--an+1
< =' 2a,+ i = an + afl+2

. . / . .. , - , ', . ' . . - ,'. . . a+ b , ,

α *r' o `/'.i 7 6x==a f' .r== ', < F r f
6
(2) ai, az, · " , a,2, an+i, an+2, … ( A . P. ) < =' 2an4-1=a n + an+2

2 3 25
x 3, x, 25
x - 3 = 2 5 - x . ' . 2x=28 . ' . x=14
 12 . / 6 9

12
(1) 0.85, 0.91, 0.97, … 2.05
(2) log2 3, 5 10g2243
(3) 0.3 10 4.7
(4) n -4n+1

(1), (2), (3) α r α

an=a + ( n - 1)d

(4) α -4 l αl '

' n -4 .
' αni-i - a,
an+i - an=J

(1) 0.85 , 0.06 n 2.05

2.05=0.85+( n - 1)XO.06 . ' . n = 21 . ' . 2l - L1E1
(2) z 10g23+( 5 - 1) X d==1og2243
.'· 4 d = log2243-log23= 10g281=4 1ogz3 . ' . d = Iog23 ·
(3) α a + ( 1 0 - 1) XO.3 = 4.7 ' α 2 +- E l
(4) αn α -41z+l
a1== - 4 X 1 + 1 = - 3 - ·
(
d = an+i - a n = { - 4 ( n + 1)+ 1 } - - ( - 4 n + 1)= - 4 -
*Note d = a2-ai==(---4X2+1)- ( - 4X1+1)= - 4

12-i . . LII

(1) , ,8,12, . . ( 2 ) [ ] , ,4, □ …

(3)Iog , □ , , logl2, ... (4)□ , 3, , -1, …
E l (1) 0, 4 (2) - 1 , - 4- ( 3 ) l g3, l g6 (4) 5, 1
12-2 . αn αn==3n-1 , 10
. 2, 10 29 , 3
170 1 2 .

12-2 {an
(1) a j i = 13, a2s=r49 ’ a50 α
(2) a a8=32, aio+ aiz=50 , ah=43 k

(1) 11 13, 23 49 50 n
. .
a1, az, a 3 , ' " , au1, " ' , a 3 , ' " , a50," ' α ' "

a z d 1 3 4 9 7

(2) 5 8 32 , 10 12 50
43
an==a+( n - 1)d

α, '
(1) a i i = 13 z l o d = 13, a 2 3 = 49 α + 2 2 d = 49
α=-17, d=3
.' . a5o== - 1 7 + ( 5 0 - 1)X 3 = 130 [ 1
an=- 1 7 + ( n - 1)X 3 = 3 n - 20 . - I I
(2) a5+ as=32 L - ( a + 4d)+ (a+7d)=32 . ' . 2 a + l l d = =32
aio+ a12=50 01 ( a + 9d)+ ( a + l l d ) =50 . ' . 2 a + 2 0 d = 50
α=5, d = 2
.'. a n = 5 + ( n - 1)X 2 = 2 n + 3
a b - 43 2 k + 3==43 . ' . k = 20 + -
12-3 . 5 14, 20 -46 {an
(1) . ( 2 ) αn
(3) 175
(4)
■ (1) 30 , - 4 (2) - 4 n + 34 (3) -666 (4) 9
. 12-4 . 2 6 , 3 1
{an .[ 3, -1
· 1 2 - 5. a3=11, a6: ai = 5 : 8 {an
a20 αn . R I a20=62, a " = 3n+2
 12 . / 7 1

12-3 α , {bn
{an} a i = 2, a i=a + 3 ( n = 1, 2, 3, … ),
{bn}& b 1 = 32, b2=30, 2bn+1 - bn+bn+z ( n = 1, 2, 3, · ..)
,
(1) {an an 10 α10
(2) {bn b 15 b15
(3) α 100
(4) a k = bk k .

{an
{an
(i) an==a+( n - 1)d 4= α , α
(ii) an+i _ anr=d < α
(iii) 2an+i = a n + an+2 = 1, 2, 3, … <
{an 2 , 3
32 , b2-z l=- 2
(ii), (iii
p. 219
(1) an+i = an+3 A1 a n + i - a n = 3
{an 2 , 3
anr=2 + ( n - 1)X 3 = 3 n - 1 . ' . ai =29
an=3 n - l , a i o = 29
(2) {bn 32, - 2 ( = b 2 - b1
bn=32+( f l - 1 ) X ( - 2)= - 2 f l + 34 . ' . l5=4
1 1 b n = - 2 n + 34, b15=4
(3) a,>100 n
an=3 n - 1 > 100 . ' . n > 33.6 x x x 34
(4) a,= 3 n - 1, bn== - 2 1 + 34 ab==bk
3 k - 1 = - - 2 k + 34 . ' . k = 7 · *-7

II 1 2 - 6. a i = 50, an+i - an=- 3 ( n = 1, 2, 3, … α

(1) a k = 20 l r 1 (1) k==11
(2) (2) 18
 172 1 2 .

12-4
(1) 1, x, y - 1 , x2,
’ x, y
(2) 4 40 , 2 3
4 8 4

L (1) a, b, c ( A . P.) < == b_a = r c _ b < 2b=a + c

α b, c <== 2b=a + c
(2) ,
a-d , a, a + d
a - 3d, a - a + d, a + 3d
4>a - 2d, a - a, a + d , a + 2 d
’ α
. 2

(1) 1, x, y 2 x = 1+y … Z )
, -1, x2, y2 2 x 2 = - 1 + y2 ...
<2),(2
x = O, y = - l x = 2, y = 3 +-
(2) α - 3 d , a - d , a + d , a + 3z
( a - ad)+ ( a - d ) + ( a + d ) + ( a + 3d)=40 0
( a - d ) ( a + d ) = ( a - 3d)( a + 3d)+ 8 0
<2 4 a = 40 . ' . a = 10
I a 2 - d2=a2--9d2+8 . . d 2 = 1 . ' . (/ 1
7 , 9, 11, 13 13, 11, 9, 7 +
* Note a, a + d, a + 2 ‘ 3 ,
.

· .Il 12-7 . log2, log( x - 1), log( x + 3 1

x . L E 1 x=5

12-8 . 3 15 , 83
3 . 3, 5, 7 7, 5, 3
 1T 12 . ' 7 3

§3 .

c r l ,

□
1 1 l
=T
1' 3 ' 5' 7' 9'
l
15
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, · · · 1
A
P
’

* Note Harmonic Progression H.P . 2

[ l α

0 α’x, b ,x 1f α b
.
, , . . 1 1
a. x. b (H.P. ) = > . =-. - +
" - a 'x '

·'·x =ab2a
+
b·'·x ab+b
α

(1)a,x,b(H.P.)4r= 2abxa
ba+b
(2) ai, a2, ··· a,, an+i, an+2, … ( H . P.) 4r , 2an-i-i 1 . 1
= 1 -
α z a M - 2

Ii 4 6
x 4, x , 6

+,
· . · 2 = 1 + 1 · . · 2 5 · . · 2 4 · . · = 2 4 - 1
6
4
2
x
-.5
=
174 1 2 .

12-5
(1) {an αn α10
12, 6, 4, 3, …
(2) {an} a #0 α aio
1Ta 2 = 12, an+lan+2 - 2anan+2+anan44=0 ( n = 1, 2, 3, . . )
ai=24,
17
' (1)
(2) α 'an+lan+2

(1)
1 1 1 1 17
12' 6 ' 4 ' 3 '
1 1
01 12,

1 = 1+(4-1 × i - n · . · 12, 6an - , aio=--

(2) α zα 1α 2

1, , , 2,,,+,,,,,,,,,,=,,,,,0,,,,,,,,,,·'·2+ana
2afl+2
i+
n
{
. 1 1 . / ,\fi i '\ 1 . / ,\fi i \ f l
- - = = - - 1 - `fl - 1 ) l - - - - - I == 1- ` f l - - I I ` m - - - = J = - -
α α i " ' \ a2 a i / 4 ' " \ l 4 / 4

·1 .1.=12aio=--
12-9 . α
(1) 6, 3, 2, 1.5, …
1
`Z) 1 . = = - `
`j
(1) a:=-6- (2) a, = 2 12n-1
■ 1 2 - 10. 0 x, y, z y z + x y = 2xz
’
,, z x 2 , y2, z2 x y , yz, zx
i.i , i , LJ
'y z x ' y '
 12 . / 7 5

§4 .

1 10 ,
55 . .
,

1 10 S
S = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10
+ ) S = 10+ 9 + 8 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1
2S=11 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 11 1101 10
. '. 2 S = 11x10 . ' . S = 55
10
α, '/ , n
n Sn
S,= a + a + d + a + 2d + · · · + l - 2 d + l - d + 1
+) S,= 1 + l - d + l - 2 d + ' ' ' + a + 2d + a + d + a
2S = ( a + l ) + ( a + l ) + ( a + l ) + … + ( a + l ) + ( a + l ) + ( a + l )
. · . 2Sn =n( a + l ) . · . S , = n( a + l )

/= an = a+ (n -1)r
n j a + a + ( n - 1)d j n J 2 a + ( n - 1)d '
8,z== ' ^ - 8 '^ , = "
,z= ^
z

'I

α’ (/, n n
5,
‘ n (a+l ) S,= re{2a+(n._ J)c,j
L)f l
2 9

. B I n ,
 176 1 2 .

· 1
(1) 1 100
(2) 2, 30 18 30

(3) 3, -4 10

(4) 3, 5, 7, ··· 41

s,- n(a+l )
, - ,n{2a+( n - 1)d}
`J,z -
2

(1)S , ..- 100(1+100)=5o5o ( 2 . = 3 0 (2+18)=

= =300(1
)S
(2
0
5 i-2
)S

(. 10{2x3+(lo- 1)x ( - 4)} - lox( - 30) - 150(3

-2
1
)S
(4) 41 α = 3 + ( n - 1)X 2 = 41 . ' . n = 20
·· 20(3+41) =440

2
(1) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + … + n ( 2 ) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + … + ( 2 n - 1)

I jz
r -- _ S 'l
(1) S,= n(1+n) - n(n+1) ( 2 ) S nh1+(2fl - 1)= n2'2
-()S

(3)s,=" 2")=n(n+1)
. ,

1 4 - ' ) -L→ -l∼

n( n + 1)
(1) 4 . · ' 4- " =
' " ' '' ' 1 ' " 2
(2) 1+3 + 5 + 7 + … + ( 2 n - 1)=n2
(3) 2+4 + 6 + 8 + " + 2 n = n ( n + 1)
 12 . / 7 7

1 2 - 6 4 , Xi, X2, X3, " , Xn, 34

(1) 2 ’ n
(2) n = 29 , d S
(3) 209 ,n '

4, n+2 34

α α , '' , z,
' Sn
an=a + ( n - 1)d,
s,"= n(a+l ) . s , "= n{2a+( n - 1)d}
'n 2 ' . " ," 2
(1) 4 , 2, -2 34
4 + { ( n + 2)- 1 } X 2 = 34 · ' · n = 14 a + ( n - 1)d==a,
(2) 4, (/ , 31 34
4+( 3 1 - 1)d = 34 . ' . d = 1 a + ( n - 1)d = a,

- ,
, s=3l(4+34)
,
=589
u u v
S , ` z -
- n(a+l)
2

* Note 4, 1 31

S==31{2X4+(31- 1)X1}=589 = n{2a+(n- 1)d}

- 2 J∼ - 2
(3) n+2 209
( n + 2)(4 +34)= 9 f l 0 . ' ·.' "==9
2 - “ ∼ '.'"
11 34 ( 11 - 1)d = 34 . ' . d = 3
P 1 (1) n = 14 (2) d = 1, S = 589 (3) n = 9, d = 3

1 2 - 11 . 10
(1) fii I i , r , , ' · · ( 2 ) 1og24, 10g242, 10g248,
v -1l v 6 --
(1) 35+1 0 T (2) 110
1 2 - 12. 2, ai, az, a3, ··· , an, 29 ,
155 ,n . n = 8, d = =3
178 1 2 .

12-7 α
(1) 10 100 , 20
400 , 30
(2) 3 , n 3 n+1
2n ’

(1) S10==100, S2o==400 53.

(2) α1, a2, · · · ’ α ’ ' , an+i, an+2, … , a3,', … α1=3
3( a i + az+ ∼ ' + afl)=afl+1+afl+2+ … +a2fl
’ (
{Un α (/,
S
n{2 a + ( n - i ) d }
g-===
∼ " 2

(1) α (/ , n Sn
Sio= 100, 53o=400
10T2a+( i 0 - 1)d 2 0 T 2 a + ( 2 0 - 1)d
' , , ' = 10(1 . ` - .`^'=400
2 ‘. 2
, 2 a + 9 d = 20 0 2 a + 1 9 d = 40 0
2),(2 α=1, d = 2
... 30 { 2 X 1+ (30- i) x 2}S3== =90 - LiEI1
. . ∼∼ 2 v
(2) (/' n S7

3S,z=S2,z - S . ' . 4S'z=S2''

n l 2 X 3 + ( n - i ) d 2 n T 2 X 3 + ( 2 n - 1)d l
.' . 4×` / = =
2 2
.'. 2n(6+n d - d ) ==n(6+2 n d - d )
6 n = rn n*0 d=6 -

1 2 - 13 . 6 -36 ,
ii -231 . 20
. -105
 12 . γ

123 15 , 4 48
α
(1) α
(2)
(3)
(4) 63

. .. 1)4 , 8,: n{2a+( n - 1)d}a

,SO j
)d
(-1
+
a
=
n !2
c
4J2x15+( 4 - 1)d }
'^ ' = 4 8 . ' . d=- 2
(1) a =15+( n - 1)X ( - 2)= - 2 n + 17 . ~ a =- 2 n + 17
(2) a 'z<0 n
a =- 2 n + 17<0 . ' . n>8.5 9
(3) ;i Sn

S,= n{2x15+( n - 1)x ( - 2)}S=

, = n2+16n=- (n-- 8)2+64
n=8 Sn . 8
*Note (2 8 , 9
8
(4) 5 n = - n 2 + 16n=63 n 2 - 16n+63=0
.'. ( n - 7)( n - 9)= 0 . . . n = 7, 9 [ [H 7 9
1 2 - 14 . -20 3
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1 8 (2) 7 (3) 15
1 2 - 15 . 1 2 - , /T , 6-. / 7 , 4 - f _ , 3-v' T , …
12 ' 6 ' 4 ' 3
. J = 1.732
(1) (1) 7
(2) ( 2 ) 6
 180 1 2 .

1 2 - 9 A B = 15 ABC
. CA
30 P i , P2, ··· , P29
, CB 30
Q1,Q2," ·,Q29
, P 1 Q ∥ P2Q2+… +P29Q9

AB Qi CABGOL\CP1Qi
. ' . AB:P 1 Q = C A : CP1

p CA P1Q1= AB
P2Q2= AB,P3Q3= AB, …
xB=15 F x
AB=

29l2x- - (29- 1)X- - I

∼ = " 2 2
c 1 C ' l ABC
A(C) q Q Z Q 7 Q 2 8 Q 9 B

P1Q1+P29Q29=P2Q2+P28Q28= ·
=P29Q29+P1Q1=A B

28 …… i 7 C(A)
P I+F E … P : .Q:. = A B X 2 9
L

1 2 - 16 . ABC
AB 99 ,
BC

. E 50: 49
 12 . /81

§5 .
□
1, 3, 5, 7, … 10

a,2= a+( n - 1)d

ai = 1 + ( 1 0 - 1) x 2=19

α10
1+3 + 5 + 7 + · · +ag+aio=Sio 0
1+3 + 5 + 7 + · · +a9 = S 9 0
e)-(z α1 =s10-59 ’
1 0 l 2 x 1 + ( 1 0 - 1)x2T 9 T 2 X 1 + ( 9 - 1)X2T
S,' ( ; , ' ' = 1(H) .' S ',"= ' : , ' =81
∼ 'u 2 - " ∼ " 2
αio=Sio-Sgr=1 0 0 - 81=19 .

a l + a2+as+" + a 'z-'zi+a '2==S 0

a l + a2+a3+… + a , - i ' = Sn_i ( n - 2, 3, 4, . . ) 0
_ t) a n = S n - Sn_i (n==2, 3, 4, . . )
α1 1 α 1 = s1

αz n Sn
a i = S1,
an=S n - Sn_i (EF, n = 2, 3, 4, " )

c 1 '
20 a n = S n - Sn_i n 2
12-ia (2)
1 {an n SI Sn= n2+3n , a1,
aio
r i a i = S1=12+3 X 1 = 4
aio=Sio-So=(102+3 X 10)_(92+3 X 9)=22
182 1 2 .

1 2 - 10 n S2
α α
(1) Sn=n2+2n ( 2 ) S,' = n2+2 n + 3

a i = Si, a2=S2-S1, as==S3-Sz, a 4 - S4-S3 (1),(2

(1) Sn=n2+2n - > 3 , 5, 7, 9, …

(2) S = n 2 + 2 n + 3 6, 5, 7, 9, …
(1 , (2
6 2
(1 ’ (2
n=1 n 2
S2 α
' a i = Si, a n = S n - Sn-i ( n = 2, 3, 4, ···
(1) Sn==n2+2n
n 2 : a n = S n - Sn-i
=(n2+2n)- { ( n _ 1)2+2( n _ 1)} = 2 n + 1
n=1 : a 1 = Si=12+2 X 1 = 3
ai=3 α 2=2 n + 1 n=1
. ' . a,= 2 n + 1 (n=1 , 2, 3, ...) -
(2) S,z=n 2n+3
n 2 : an =S - S,z-1
= (flz+2 f l + 3)_ { ( f l _ 1 ) 2+2( f l _ 1 ) + 3 } = 2 f l + 1
n=1 : a1=S j = 12+2 X 1 + 3=6
a1= 6 αn=2 n + 1 I n = 1
.' . a j = 6, a , ' = 2 n + 1 ( n = 2, 3, 4, …
r e ; (1),(2
Sn== an bi c c= 0
S"=a n bn
Sn=an2+b n + c ( c * O) ' = 2

1 2 - 17 . n S S =2n2- n α
[ 1, 4
 12 . / 8 3

x 1 ! 12
1 2 - i f (x)= x 2 + 3x, g (x)= f (x + 1) - f (x

1 2 3 4 5

12-2 2 d d*0 α
Ia3- =1 ,'

1 z 3 ai=1 α α1a2+a2a3
D - 2 - 1 o l 2

124 α α5a7- a32=2

, an

12,5 {an α2=2a1, afl+2 - 2afl+1+afl=0( n = 1, 2, 3, …

aio==20 ’ a6
( D6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4

26 2, x , y, z . 6 x + z = 5y
, y' z

12-i x x 3 - 3x2--6x + k=0

’ k

12-8 .
10

1 2 - 9 Z C = 90 ", A = =1 ABC C AB
D . ACI ACBI AABC
, BC

210 A,B , C , D,
E L A B C = LBCD= L CDE=90 "
. 0A<O B , OA, OC, A E
, AB
. ’ 0

12-l i 6km/h , 4 km/h

.
 184 1 2 .

1 12 50 -3 {an
-α α a 3 + " + Ia3
1 2 - 13 2 n
n 110 , n
1 2 - 14 α a1
ai+a α a 7 + a9=a2+a α α a1 1=rai2
12 5 n
72 , 60 ,n
( D11 1 2 13 1 4 1 5
1 2 6 100 6
. ,6
1 2 - 17 α ,
{an} : 4, 7, 10, … { b } : 5, 9, 13, …
α , {b'z
8
218 6"
135 ' ,
1 2 - 19
.
20 I
( D740 7 6 0 7 8 0
800 8 2 0
20

. 100

1 2 - 21 α , 2 α ' n
a 7 - a4=2(S7-S4 .α
1 222 n + nsin2 10
n 2n2+ n cos 5 ,
. , 0 0 27r
 /85

§1 ,

1,2 , 4 , 8 , 1 6 , … 0
16, 8, 4,2 , 1, … 0
(2 1 2 , (2 16

,
(2 1, 2 , 16,

0
2,0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , … 0
0,0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , · · · 0
.
2 0 . ,
0 0
.
O 0 1 ,2
.
.
186 1 3 .

0 0 0

' 0 {an)'
0
Note 1 ' Geometric Progression G.P .
2' ' "D .. ' 1* a n + ian
, '

2),
3" 0 , 0 .

α’ γ , n α z

ai, a 2 , a 3 , α '-l ' a n ,

II I I I I II I I
a, a r , a r 2 , , αγ , ar ',
- -

× γ × 7 Xr

α 0 γ 0

az … n+i - · = = r , a n = a r, z'
ai a z a n - i U n

, α αn= ar''-l

(2 α=1, r = 2 α n = 1 x 2' - l = 2,z l

a=16,r= .n=i6X( )n"=2_n'5

α γ α
(i) a n = a r n - l
(ii) an+i = ra α 0, r * O αn+i a n = r
 13 . / 8 7

. 1 10 α10 n α
(1) 1, 3, 9, 27, … ( 2 ) - 2 , 4, - 8 , 16, · · ·
(1) ai = l X3'o-l = 39, a n = l X3" - 1=3"∼l
(2) aj = ( - 2) X ( - 2)'o-' = ( - 2)'o=2'o, a n = ( - 2) X ( - 2)' - l : ( - 2Y'

0 α , x, b I ,x α b
.
a, x, b (G.P. ) < x-- a = b ÷ x 4 x2=ab
0 α
ai, a2, " ·, an, an+i, an+2, … (G.P. ) 4zzr a f l + 1--afl=afl+2--afl+1
4=z ( a n + 1)2=anan+2

(1) a , x , b (G.P. ) < x2==ab 4r= =

(2) ai, az, · · · , an, an+i, an+2, … (G.P.) 4= ( a n + 1)2=anan+2

· 2 2 8
x 2, x, 8
x -2=8 -x . ' . x2=16 . ' . x= 4

□E · ·
α b A, G, H
A , G, H

G=ITh, H =2
, α b ,

· ·

(i) A G>H , α b
(ii) A H = G2 , A,G , H

C (D p.147

(ii) A H = a + b × 2ab(i)A
=2a+b
H
188 1 3 .

13
(1) 2, - 6 , 18, - 5 4 , … -486
(2) --2 , 8 256
’
(3) 0.5' 6 14
(4) n an=3X22h1+1

(1), (2), (3) α γ α

a'z=α r, z

(4) n
an=3 X 22,'+' = 3X 23 x 22(,'- 1)=24 X4'z1
24, 4

α α
an+i an== r
(1) 2, -3
n -486 2 X ( - 3) '=- 4 8 6 . ' . ( - 3) '=- 2 4 3
.'. ( _ 3)n-1=( _ 3)5 . ' . n - 1=5 . ' . n = 6 . ' . 6 - LIE
(2) γ ( - 2)X r 8 - ' = 256 . ' . r 7 = - 1 2 8
.'. r 7 = ( - 2)7 . ' . r = - 2 * - L i
(3) α α>< 0.56-i = 14
. . . / 1 ,5 ..
" a , c ` - - ) = ' 4 .'. α 14 X 25= 448 -

(4) γ γ α 1 `= 53x.22:: ," " '' ,=. =' 22,1

U 'z "'
,,X,2=,,="4 -

13-1 . . l[
(i) 4, 2, ri, … ( 2 ) 3, L I I , 24,"
(3)logx, logx2, LII1, LIII, ... (4) )L, EII , [a],x
(1) 1, (2) 6, 12 (3) logx4, logx8 (4) 1,
b

1 3 - 2. α -22
I1
2,
 13 . ' 8 9

13-2 2 9 , 5 243 α
. ,
(1)
(2) 729
(3) 10000
log 3=0.4771

(1) α γ
an=a r , z-'
α γ
(1) α γ
2 9 αr=9 <2>
5 243 α r 4 = 243
2 γ3=27 , γ γ=3
<Z α=3 3, 3
(2) n α z
a'z=3 x3' - ' = 3
n 729
3' = 729 . . . 3 f l = =36 . ' . n = 6 I· 6
(3) n 10000
3' >10000

log3 >log10000 . ' . n1og3>4

. ' . nX0.4771>4 . ' . n > 8.3 x x x
9 10000 . 9

13-3 . 3 2, 7 162 ,

(1) 10 α10 n α
(2) 1458
(3) 20000
l o g 3=0.4771
(1) ai 2X37, a =2X3 3(2) 9 (3) 12
 13 .

13-3
(1) {log an {an
(2) 8, x, , I x, y, 36
’ x, y

(1) {bn
< = ' bn+1 - b n = d <==> 2 bn+i = b, bn+2
< b bn= r 4 (bn+i)2==b ×b ''+2
{log an 21og an+i = log an og an+z
(an+i)2= an X an+2
{log an log an+i - log an= d
an-- i ÷ an= r
(2)

(1) {log an 2 log an+i = log an+ log an+2

.'. log (an--i)2= log (an X an+2) . ' . (an+i)2= an X an+2
{an
*Not' α
(2) 8, x , y 2 x = 8+y < 2 )
x, y, 36 y 2 = 36x( 2 )
(2 = 18X( 8 + y ) . ' . b + 6)( y - 24)=O
y>O y = 24
(2 x = 16 x = 16, y = 24

13-4 . α a ', az x, y,
z ’ a > O, a * 1

13-5 . x , x + 12, 9x, … 5

x>0 . 486

13-6 . x, 8, y 8, y, 2
x, y
x = 12, y = 4
 13 . / 9 1

13 4 4
∼ ∼

9 .
… ∼ → ……
":l:l;::i
1
8
2
20

1 4 9
8 Si

S1=16×
2 8 9 8
… … … ∼

S2
,` ,, . . 8 I . ,, . . 8 \ . . 8 , β . . / 8
S?==S, γ".' ( l.6 x." x." = l , 6 X.'I ] r →

-,' ' - ,.,' 9 \ _ " _ ' 9 / _' 9 " \ 9 J

1
, 2 , …

1z Sn

S1=16x
{S 16x
·'·S (16 //8\20_i=l6/ /8\202...s=
x-)=16x- ) = - -
6
(1
13-7 . α . 3
1 . ’ 3
2
20 ,
r 2 ,2
r i i--
- - - -
 192 1 3 .

§2 .

C
α γ n S2
S = a + a r + a r 2 + · · α γ z α γ z-I 0
γ
rS'' = a r + a r 2 + a r 3 + … + a r 'z' + a r '
_(2 S n - rSn= a - ar'2 (1 - r)S = a ( 1 - r'2),J_
1 S , = a( 1 - r '2) = a( r " - l ) r*1
,
"S
1-r r - 1
r=1 (Z S =a + a + a + " + a = na
Sn
. 4 p.2lO

l -

α’ γ n Sn

r*1 s,=aSn- 1) s aSn ")

rr=1 S n = =na

. ` , ^ . n n ( v n _ 1) ^ / . ^ . , n α 1 γ ^ ^.
c I r '>1' . ' - "=' . ' * , r < 1' I '11 S,,= ' ' ' 1
- '- 2 ' z ' '-'s r - 1 , ' " → 1 γ

. · 1 n Sn
(1) 2, 4, 8, 16, … (2) 0.2, 0.02, 0.002, …
(3) 3, 3, 3, 3, …
(1) a = 2, r = 2
S,=α γ" -. l) = 2(2" - l) =2n+1_ 2
r-i z - 1
(2) a = 0.2, r = 0.1
2I / 1 \ '2)
S , = a( 1 - r '2) = O.2(1_O.ln) - = r ` l-` ' r
` 'n 1 - r - 1 - 0.1 f ` , ` l / J

(3) Sn==3+3 + 3 + "

` - - - -
+ 3 = 3n
/

n
 13 . / 9 3

13-5 S
. , 1 . I 1 \ 2 / 1 \ 3 . . / 1 V
('l.) 1,- ) -l ) + · · ]
'' 2 ' \21 \ 2 / " \ 2/
(2) i + i + i 2 + i 3 + i 4 + … +i100 ( , i = f I )
(3) 2 + 4 + 8 + 16+ · · +1024

1 s,-aSn- 1) s,=aSn-
. . ,, . ,f i \ , I i \ 2,f 1 \ , , f 1 V
U) = 1 t i - = = 1 1 - I - . 7 I 11 - = = 1 1- ' ' t-( - = c i
\ h i \ h i \ h i \ h i

1, n+1

. . . j . / 1 \ '+' ,
1 A 1 1 - ( - =:=J r
(, \ h i )
S= ==2 1 n+11 -
. / 1 \ : j \ 2 ! J
1 - I - == '
\ h i
(2) 1' I101
n 1 x( 1 - i101, 1 - (i2)50i 1 - . , . -
S== - F ' = - " /.' = ==l. *- -
1 - i i - i 1 - i '
(3) n 1024 2 X 2 '∼' = i024 . . . 2 '?=21o . ' . n = 10
’ 2' 2 10

S= 2(210_ i) =2x210- 2=2 4 6 -

6 -- l.

13-8 .
(1) - i + / - 2 + 2 f - …+( i0 )
(2) 10g24+10g243+10g249+ ∼ + n )
(3) 2 - 4 + 8 - -16+ · · +128-256
LIiE (1) 31( / T - 1) (2) 3fl_ (3) -170

13-9 . 10
1 1 1 1
(1) 2 + . 4+- - . 6 + - - . 8 + --. · · ·
(2)9 999,4999,. 1 t (2
,'
)9 · (1)111-ii;i-(2)10"-100
194 1 3 .

13-6
(1) . 2 4 20' 4
6 80 , ?z α n
Sn
(2) . 5 1,
10 33 , 15

α γ
α r

. , - . 4 , 1, s , = a( r - 1)a
,S( r * 1)r-1
r1
a
=
n
(1) α γ ( r >0
a2+a4=20 a r + a r 3 = 20 . ' . a r (1+r2)=20 0
a4+a6=80 a r 3 + a r 5 = 80 . ' . a r 3 (1+r2)==80 0
<2 2)t1 r 2 = 4 . ' . r = 2 ( '. ' r > 0)
(2 α=2
.' · . α " - 2 Y " 24.1 = 2 8 . S , = 9 (9fl_ 1\_
)Q" = 2 4 1 1 - 2
-L
n
v
9
.' . ," - .',"La''U - L a '. ∼ , 2 - 1 L1 L a
[ J 1 a = 2 ' , S = 2 '+' - 2
(2) α, γ, n S
S5=1, S10==33 γ 1
a(r5- 1)= 1 a (r' "- l)=33
r-1 ' ' r - 1 " '
(2) --Ot1- r 5 + 1==33 . ' . r 5 = 32 ' r ' - 1 = (r5+1)( r 5 - 1)
γ γ=2

. ·'· (215_1)=1057- [
· 13-b . . 1 3 10,
3 5 90 , n α n
Sn · I I a,,=3" Sn (3n_1)
13-i l . . 3
7' 6 63 , n
. 2 1
 13 . ' 9 5

1 3-7 n S ’
α 2
(1) S = 3" - 1 ( 2 ) 1og2(S - 1 ) = n

.
Sn α z
ai==Si, a ==S -S -1 ( n = 2, 3, 4, " )

(1) S' = 3 -1
n 2 : α z==S,z - S,z-1
= ( 3 n - 1)-(3 l-1)=3 3 l = 2 x3' - 1
n=1 : a i = S i = 31-1 = 2
a1 = 2 α =2×3' z l n=1
.'. a , = 2 X 3 ' - 1 ( n = 1, 2, 3, . . ) & -
(2) l0g2(S 1)= ' z S - 1 = 2'1 . ' . S n = 2' + 1
n>2 : a n = S n - Sn-i
=(2 +1) -(2 " - ' + 1)= 2 n _ 2n_1=2z_1
n=1 : a i = S1=2 1=3
aj=3 α -n'- n=1
.' . a l = 3, a n = 2'z-' ( n = 2, 3, 4, " ) II
c Ce n S
S = p( r ' - 1) (p4rO, r * O, r * 1 α α n = P( Y - 1) r' - '
= 1, 2, 3, …
an+i p ( r - 1)r
α =anp( r - 1)r ' 1 →
γ
Sn=p ( r 'z-i r

1 3 - 12 . n S , Sn==4'' - 1
{an 3, 4
t I I 1 3 - 13 . 'i S Sn= 3X2" + k α
. k
k=- 3
196 1 3 .

13-8 γ , α
n

γ , α
1 ‘ αγ α Hγ ,
2 a (1+r ) + a (1+r ) r = a (1+r ) 2,
3 a (1+r ) 2+a (1+r ) 2 r = a (1+r ) 3,
n α Hγ
α, r , S
> S = a (1+r ) '
α
.

1 2 ( ' '1 'z

α α
a(1+ r)r'
a(1+ r)''

a(1+ r)2
a(1+ r)
P
P = a (1+r ) + a (1+r ) 2+a (1+r ) 3+ … α 1+ γ
α Hγ , γ 7z
- . a ('1+ r)( ( i + r ) 4 - iT a (1+r ' ( 1 + r)' - iT . - , .
p= ' / . : ' , ' . - p '/.:, , = ' '
= `' - ' ' ( . - rF
' ( 1 + r)-1 r ' - /
Er. I α, γ’ n S
S=r a(1+ rn)
.

1 3 - 14 . 0.2 % , 1 100 5
I
, 1 1.00260=1.13
. 6513
 13 . ' 9 7

1 3 3 240
6
. 0.4 % , ,
. , 1.004_6=O.9763 ,

120 20 6
. 120 6 120
.
.
6 , 120 6
120(1+0.004)6 x
6
120 (120 6 - 1 2 0 (1+0.004)6
1 … 4 5 6

x x x
-- x(1+0.004)5

- x (1+0.004)2
- x (1+0.004)
-x

120 6 120 x 1.0046 …

1 x ’ 6

x+xX1.004+xX1.0042+..+XXl.O045=X(;;O04 1)1
. 4-i
x (1.0046- 1)=19l1Y1. flflA6
p '_ I I - 0 . 004 - v " .' uv=
." 1 9 A v 1 . 0o 46' f l .(fl4 1 9 (' A .1UA . ' , , , n / ,1`
."' ' ""' '." ' ”.'" ' =r=" """ 2o·3( 041.0
-i.' -i:
1
_
6
4
0
L 20 3
Vote ’
. ,
1 3 - 15. 1500 300 ,
1 5 0/ , 10
. ,
1.0510=1.629 , . II156
 198 1 3 .

13

13-i {a, rl;

α2 t 1 α 3
a4
24 3 4 (3:)44 5 4 6 4

132 x, y, z γ
x, 2y, 3z γ

1 3 3 f (x)= x 2 + 2x4 α x + 1, x - i , x - 2
. , f (x x+2
15 1 7 C ) 19 @ J 2 1 2 3

134 α - 1 , b + 1, 3 b + 1 , z
a - i, 2-i , ab

13-5 α , b, c . 14,
64
70 7 4 8 0 8 4 9 0

13-6 α , b
’

13-7

.
12,
6 ,

1 8 / ( x ) ==x9-x x7-x 5-x 3 - x2 + x + i

f ) (i

13-9 {an 3, 2 {a2n-1

?z

1 3 10
(1) 2'.x315 ( 2 ) 210x33x51
 13 .

13-l i {an

al+a2+as+… +aio=2, a i + a2+ a3 … aj 1

, aiXa2Xa3X" · Xal0
1 3 - 12 x3-1=0 α β
(1_a + a 2 - a3+. + a 8 ) ( i - f l + β 2 - β3+… +fl8

13-13 … n 1
0.001 n
(D9 1 0 1 1 c 1 2 1 3
1 3 - 14 a i = l , anan+i - 2an=2an2-an+i, a n > 0( n = 1, 2,3 , … )
α . , log 2=0.3010
(1) α 2
(2) a l + a2+a3+… + a , ,>9999 ;2
1 3 - 15 α '2 S
(Sn+r S n - i)2=4(an-i-i)2, a n + i an ( n = 2, 3, 4, " )
a i = 3, a2=- 1 , a20
/`, 1 1 , n , 1 1 l
31S 319 ∼ 3Z" 319 ' ' 318
1 3 - 16 1 1 .
2
. 2019 1 1 500 2028 12
31
2%, 1 , 1.02'o=1.22 .
1 3 - 17 1 600 20
. 3%, 1 ,
. , 1.03-2o=0.554 .
1 18 no∥ p .
(7 I (1, 1 .
(i-f) pn (a, b
b<2α P9+1 α, 1 ,
b = 2α Pn+1 ( a + 1, 1 .
P (10, n
 200

> Z

§1 . >;

! >
> (Sigma .
: 2+4 + 6 + " + 20
k 2k k = 1, 2, 3, … , 10
Z

2+4 + 6 + · . . +20=> 2k < 2 )

e
: l l
ak_a l + ( k - 1)d = r2+( k - 1)X2==2k
: 2k >: . , Z 2k
: k 2 k=1 .
, k 20 k = 10
Z k=1 , 10
(2

>

+n
α a2+a a + · " + a n - > = a k
h.= 1
+
 14 . 201

· Ii >
(1) 1 + 2 + 3 + · " + 10 (2) 2 + 5 + 8 + · · +26
(3) 2 + 4 + 8 + " + 2 (4) 1 X 2 + 2 X 3 + 3 X 4 + … + n ( n + 1)
(5) x l f l + x2f2+x3f3+ … +x,j ,
(6) ( x j - A ) f i + (x2-A ) f2+ (xa-A ) 13+… + ( X n - A)f
10
(1) L k
k=1 (2) 7(3k-1) ( 3 ) 2h
(4) L k ( k + 1)k=
1 (5) ( 6 ) E ( x h - A ) fkk=1
1
k=
Vote k i , 1, P . (1
10 1 0 1 0 1 0

k= j 1 / , p=1
. k
f
I2 >
10 1 0 1 0 0 n

(1) J k 2 ( 2 ) (_1)hk ( 3 ) L ( 3 k + 1) ( 4 ) L3kk1k=

2
1
1
(1) k2 k = 1, 2, 3, 4 … , , 10
10k 2 = 12+22+32+42+… 1

(2) (__1)*k k = 1, 2, 3, … , 10
10 ( - i)kk=( - i) 'x 1+( - 1)2x2+( - 1)3x3+… +(- 1)10x10
==(-l ) + 2 + ( - 3)+ … + i o
(3) ( 3 k + 1 k = 2, 3, 4 … , , 100
100 ( 3 k + 1)= ( 3 x 2 + 1)+ ( 3 x 3 + 1)+ ( 3 x 4 + 1)+ … + ( 3 x 1 0 0 + 1)
= 7 + 10+13+ · · · +301
(4) 3k k = 0,1 , 2 , 3 , … , n .
3h_30+31+32+33+. ' +3k=

c l >

2 (1),(2 10, (3
100-1, (4 n+1 .

>;=ak=am+am+1+am+ · · an 4 : n - ( m - 1)
k=m
 202 1 4 .

>:
>:

( k 2 + k ) =(12+1)+(22+2)+(32+3)+ … + ( n 2 + n )
= (12+22+32+... +n2)+ ( 1 + 2 + 3 + " +n)
n , z
=> k2+L k
k=1 k 1
'2
> L 2 k = 2 X 1 + 2 X 2 + 2 X 3 + · · + 2 X n = 2(1+2 + 3 + · · +n)= = 2 E k
1 " k = 1

>L 5 = 5 + 5 + 5 + · · +5=5n
k=1 , - - - - - - -

>

>

(1) (akk=1 bk)= ak bkk=1

(2) x cak=cY ak , C kO

(3) E c = c n , ’ kOil

c l
(1) (ak = α1 bi)+(az (a3 b3) … α b)
= α α α · · α b · · b)

= akk=1 k
r'`, =ii . . . . / . , , , ,
z c a k - c a ∥ ca2 ca3-t-- ' " can== c a I - t- a 2 r a3 ' " α c2 ak
k=1 k = 1

(3) > c = = · · c=cn

=1 `
n
* Note
n n n n n a

(pak+ qbk+ r)=Ek1 ak+ qbk+ γ a*+ q bk + rnk=1

· 3 [EE

(1) k2+3k-2)= +3 P 1 - 2xLII1

(2) k2-3 k+4n 7(P1) (1) k2, k, n (2) k2-3k+4
 14 . 203

14

(1) 7(2k+3k) ( 2 ) 7 "+1) +1)l

10 1 0 1 0
(3) L a , = 4 , L 7 a k 2 = 8 (3ak+2)2k=1
1
=
h

` n / l ' , I i f l ' f l " n ` n t 1 I-i_

v
7
T
t\r,L
L → ` Uk Uk) = Z_j U k Z__j U k , Z . ._i c a k = C 1._ j a k , z _ C = = c a
k=1 k = 1 k = 1 k = 1 k = .1 k = 1

10 1 0
(1) 72 ' 3k ·
(2)
> a k - > a k = (a1+a2+a3+" + a f l ) - ( a 3 + a4+a5+… + a , )
2
= a i + a2=) = a k
k=1
n , ' 2
> ak- ak== L a k
k=1 k = 3 k = 1

(3)n . *' n
(l)107(2'+3 =10 2'+10 3 102'+3 10(1
)k=k=1
==(21+22+23+.. .+2b0)+ 3 (1+2 + 3 + … + 10)

- 2(210_ i) +3X 10(1+10) =2211 ' - LiEII-2

-1

(2) I ( k 3 + 1)- (k3 +1)= L (k3+1)=(13 +1)+(23+1)= n - F l

<3)107(3.*+2)'=10(9.*'+12.*+4)=910.*'+1210.*+ 10(3
42Iak+Ll4k=1
1
9
J
L
=
2
+
k
)(a 1k=1
=
k
= 9 X 8+ 12 X4+4 X 10=160 + -
14-i .
(1) L 2 k
k=1
(
k
2
=
) > . 2 * -l
1 (3) 2*+2' )
· (1) n (n+1) (2) 2" - 1 (3) 4214
1 4 - 2. I a k = 10n, Y J b k = 5n , I (2aj -3bk +4
l l l

LE1 9n
1 4 - 3. f (x / ( l o ) =50, f (1)= 3

f(k+i)- f(k-1 47
 204 1 4 .

§2 .

>

(1 =l+2+3 … 4-n(n+1)()k=
"n
3
2
+
1
(2) 2=l2+22+32 … 82=n (n+1)(2n+1)(2
6
3
+
1
=
)k
(3 3=l3+23+33 … 83={ n(n+1) 2()k3
2n3=h
+
1
= 2
1
“ l(1 ’ (2),(3 II p.187

1
(1) E ( 2 k - 1) (2) i ( k 3 + 6 k 2 - 4 k + 3)

(1)

. - . . - . n f 1 + (2n- 1
( )= 1 + 3 + 5 + · " + ( 2 n - 1)= ` ' . " 7 = n h
L

( "
=Y 2'
r'
" 1=2
r“
‘ " "=2Y"n(n+1)" ' "→2
r" " " " 2
(2) " 76k2- 4k+ 3= "+6 2_4 +3X 10
I 1 0 (10+1)2 + 6Y"10(10+1)( 2 x 1 0 + 1) "10(10+1)=
1 2 J '" " 6 ' " 2 ' -
=5145
 14 . 205

14-2 n
(1) 1x2, 2 x 3 , 3 x 4 , 4X5, …
(2) 12, 32, 52, 72,
(3) 1, 1 + 10, 1 + 10+102, 1 + 10+102+103,

> 1z S

Sfl=a l + a2+as+ · · α72==> α

k=1

S
:
7 :α > · s8 akk1

k αk' n S
(1) a h = k ( k + 1)= k 2 + k
S ,= (k2+k ) => k2+ k
"( "+1 ) ( 9 ' ,"-i-1' . 1 i( - l-1' i n ( n - - 1 ' ( n - 1-9 ) n
= " ` " ' , 6"- " -.-,
' -I-" 2` ' :, "/ = 3
" "' ' -./ \'' ' -,
(2) a k = ( 2 k - 1)2=4 k 2 - 4 k + 1

S8= 7(4k2_4k+1)=4 k2-4 nk+L7 1k=1

=4x n(n+1)(2n+1) 4 x n(n+1)+ 4 = n(4n2- 1)6
fl
+
2

(3) l + 1o+l02 … l 0 * 1= l x (l k__ 1) - 1 (3

-9(10h__ 1)o
2
0
+
1
=
k
)a

n I(10'-1) 1o'-1) 710k-L719k=1

1k1 /
k=
9
=1 io(io-i)n } =-j_{1o(1on_1)_9n} - [ i
14-4 . ;z
(1) 1X3, 2X4, 3X5, 4 x 6 , …
(2) 12, 42, 72, 102, …
(3) 1, 1 + 2, 1 + 2 + 4, 1 + 2 + 4 + 8, 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16, …

LIi (1) --n(n+1)(2n+7)(2) n(6n2_3n_1)(3) 2 "1-n-2

206 1 4 .

14-3 {an

(1) a h = nz+2n 7ka3k ·

(2) n(2
)ak=-k=1
fl nk=1
a k = a l + a2+ ' " + a , ==S,,

{an S
crz a i = Si, a = S -S -1 ( n = 2, 3, 4, ··· )
α z

Z ab=Sn
k=1

(1) S,= n 2n
n 2 : an=S n _ Sn_i = (n2+2n)_ { ( n _ 1)2+2( n _ 1)} = 2 n + 1
n= 1 : a i = S1= 3 ,
.'. a 2 n + 1 ( n = 1, 2, 3, . . )

·'· a3.= (2x3k+1)=6 ’

. . 1I1Y11 'c"91 , 1 A Y 1 1 ∼ - ∼
= 6 x.' v " t " - -4- -- =9U5 - I I
u" 6 ' 2 " '

(2)S,,=- f01El
n 2 : a n = S n - Sn-i = f l . n - i = . 1 .
n-i--i n 1 n - I-I )
1
n' l : a1= S1 ·
1 I., = i 9
' an= 3,. . . )
/ l \ \IWflfl+i)
`n 1 f l ' /' . . , n , , . n J _ -,f.\
- J -7- = z -I-- - ' J = z
k=1 α * = 1 ' 1 = 1

= n(n+iX2n+1)
D
+ n(n+1) = n(n+1)(n+2) -

1 4 - 5. ak=n2+i , azk . F l2 n (4n+1)

14-6 . {an n S S =2n_1

7log2ak n (n-1)
 14 . 2 0 7

14-4

(l)10(107(3'//' (2)10(107 /)] (3) n/n(1

lJ=
k+
IL
'x2
)f(3
h=1kl
h 7albk / ' ' LiLk 7 a1b,1
1
= k
.
7albk= a1b1+ a1b2+ ' " + a1b4= ai(bi+ b2+' " +b8)= a i J k

YJ;a1bh=a1bh+azbk+" '+aflbk=(al+aZ+ · ·' + a4)bk=bkIEaj1=1

1=1

>

(l) = 10 ' / '1073 ' ' = 1073 ' ×10''A

33kx121=1
2
(1
)=
_ k=1
i1
\=
- 3(3' - l)/ lOx iix 21= 1155(310_ i) - LE

(2) =107'10 107/\=10(2fl1=1

+
k
=
)(.4i1o211 +ioi)
=
\k
1075 lo10=L
iOFl=55X10+10xlo n=1100- P11=1
+
5 1
(3) n n 1-1(3
kh=1
1
=
)h
n(n+l)-12+
n(n+1)-12+ n(n+1)- '
= 1 8(4+l)/ 8 n (n+1)(2n+1) + n(n+1) }=- - n(n
6
)X
1
+

=--xj-n(n+1){6n-(2n+l)+3}=---n(n+1)(2n+1) -
14-7 .
(1) ( 2 ) r 6 (3) ( mn')
L 1 (1) --n(n+1)(n+2) (2) n(n+1)(n+2) (3) 140

14-8.m+n=13,mn=40 m ( n (x+x=1y1
LE1 300
208 1 4 .

§3 ,

145
. . ' 99 1 - ^ → ' , ∼ `
(1I. ' Y i n- . - ' ' '
' ∼' ==r J TT ' " ".'
(2) 4, 3 {an

1 , 1 . 1 , , 1
- - - - + ∼ / · · · - -
V a 1 + `/a2 / a 2 + `/a3 % / a 3 + ' a 4 z 3 " z33

>

(1) , T T- JF

-1,'→
(r z1 ==> " . - - - TV ' T I -. V T - - . - > . L / / T-
' T -∼, ri
' ∼ ' - - " (v=T i+i ) ( v T i - i i ) r` " ' " ' " /
=( -7 T +(7T-/ T ) …+(γi rv)
==-7T γT.E=9 .4-
(2) an=4 + ( n - 1)X 3 = 3 n + 1
. ' , . . 1 . 1 , 1 . . 1
` )=f4- 7 γ 7I γI -γ L " J_γ 100
{(" - 7 )+ ( - )+ (Iff-f 1 ) + … + ( 7 - / I ) }

(f41-I U)= f - I I
14-9 .

(1) 7 7T (2)30 g ' 2 (2

k+1+i)k
g
o
1
)L 1
=
(3 7 TT k+2 (4) 7/2k-1-2Ik(k-1)
P 1 (1) 4 f 2 + 6 (2) 1og176 (3) ' T : 2 - / T (4) ' 5 i
 14 . 209

14-6

(1) 7k(k -2 ·
(2).: n()a
J2 '
r= 72k+1ak
(1)

B A( p.231

(2) a n (1

(1) ... 1. .. l
/e( + ` ft f t /

.-. 1 .Z-i f 1 1 \ 1 . -!Lu1 1 \

z- ' / ' , = z - ( - - = I = = = 2 _ .i , - , ∼ I
k=1 -z7 k 1 ` ft R 1 / k = 1 ` ft f t /

1( f i 1 / \ . 11 \ l \ , f J . / \ 1 \ . f \ 1 1 \ . f '\l 1 \
-=71t `- I 1 L - = - = - - - i - I 1 - % -i-- - - - j i - i - - - - = - = i - r i - - - - - i
h `,\1 I J \ 4 ' V \ / 3 Z V \ \ 0 / \ Z \ 1 1
.1 1 1 \.11 1 \l
' " ` … I t i T - r ' r
` 12-l n I / ` 1z n r /

- (1+1- 1 1 \ 4 (3n2+5n-2
1-
+
n
(2) n(n+1 2n+1)
72k+1= 1(2k+i)x 16k=1
i)2k+1) }
I(+
=
k
a
=6 n=6
'k(k 1)=6
L 1)
=6l + + +.+P- 1'.n+i)J
=6(1--\n 6nIn
+
1∼
1 4 - 10 . n

2:1- l, 4 1. l' 6 : 1- 1' 11' … t I 2 2 _ i4

8- 2n+1
'6
_
2
210 1 4 .

14-7 S
(1) S = 1 x 3 + 2X32+3x33+4X34+. · + n X 3 '2
(2) S = 1 + 3 x + 5x2+7x3+… + ( 2 n - 1)x ' - 1 ( , x 1)

(2
1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , · · · ’ 2 n - 1,
1 , x , x2, x3, ··· x l i . -'

S=1 + 3 x + 5x2+" +(2 1)r

- > S - xS x .
. p.192
(1) S==1X3' + 2X32+3X33+· · + ( n - 1)X 3 'z-' + n X 3 '' 0
3S= 1 X 3 2 + 2X3' + 3X34+ … + ( n _ 1)X3ui+n X 3 'z+l
0
0 - (2 - 2 S = 3' + 32+33+· · + 3 " - n X 3 ''+'
.'· - 2S= 3(3[ - 1) n X 3 ' ' . . S - - - - - ( 3 ' - 1)+ - - n X 3 "+'
4 " '

·'·8 2.-1)3"" ·-
(2) S = 1 + 3x +5x2+… + ( 2 n - 3)x" 2 + ( 2 n - 1)x 10
x S = x + 3x2+5x3+ … + ( 2 n - 3)x ' - ' + ( 2 n - 1)f 0
0 - O ( 1 - x ) S = 1 + 2 x + 2x2+· · + 2 x ' - ' - ( 2 n - 1)f
.'. ( 1 - x ) S = 2(1+x + x2+. · + x " - ')- 1 - ( 2 n - 1)x '
x*1 ( 1 - x ) S = 2( 1 - 1 ( 2 n - 1)x '
1-- X

···s=’ J 1+(2n-1)x"(1
)2-x F l
-x
1 4 - u1 . . ,(3 i=γ i
(1) (kx2*-') ( 2 ) kx"' (Vf, x * O, x4rl) ( 3 ) kik
1)( 8 . 1)\24 1 (2) 1- (1+n)x'+nx''LiJ(1
l (3) 50+51(1
"+
2
-X
)n -x)2
1 4 - 12. n ,
n + ( n - 1)x 2 + ( n - 2)x 2 2 + · +2X2" - 2+2' - ' P 1 2"+' - n - 2
 14 . 211

§4 .

C l ,

α1, α 2, a3, a4, a5, a6, …

1, 2 , 5 , 1 0 , 1 7 , 2 6 , … 0
a 2 - ai, a 3 - a2, a4-a3, a5-a4, a 6 - a5, · · ·
1, 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , · · · 0
. ,cT . ,2 1,
2 .

(2 α , (I {b
{an) 1, 2 , 5 , 1 0 , … 0
{b} - * 1, 3 , 5 , α
’
{ an} a i , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 , ··· an, a n + i,
{b} - b 1 , b2, b3, · · · , b , z'
.
ai=aj
a2=a1+ b1
a3=a2+ b2=( a i + b1 b2 α l + +b2)
a4=a3+ b3=( a i + b1+ 12 bs=a i + ( b i + b2+ b3)

an=a (b b2+ b3+ … + b7z_7z1)

'I -

α : {b
α, α + … b , ',) α + n-ia=a
)=bh
_
n
3
2
(b
i+ bn=an+i - an

* Note )z 2 n 1
 212 1 4 .

14-8 n αii n
Sn
(1) 3, 5, 9, 15, 23, . · · ( 2 ) 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, · · ·

(1 ’ (2

{an {b"

an=a i + bkk=i, sn=k i

{an {bn
(1) {an} : 3, 5 , 9 , 1 5 , 2 3 , …
- - - -

{ bn }: 2, 4 , 6 , 8 , … . ' . bn==2fl
l 1 , z - 1
. '. a , ==ai+J b k = 3 + J 2 k = 3 + 2 J k
l k = i * = = l

= 3 + ( n - 1)n = n 2 - n + 3

·'· Sn=L ah=X (k2-k + 3)= - k+ 3k1h

ik=1
=

=F(4+1)(24+1)_ n(4+1)+3n=in(n2+8) - LEJ

(2) {an} : 1, 3 , 7 , 1 5 , 3 1 , …
, ` - - -

{ bn } : 2, 4, 8 , 1 6 , · · · . ' . z z=2

→ +n-i 1+ n-i2*- 1 + 2(2z_i_ 1)a

-=24- 1 - [ 1
2
k1
b
+
a
fl=

·'·Sn=- ak= (2'-1)= 2'->J1=2(2'-1) 4

=2n+i__ n-2 -

IT5II 1 4 - 13 . n αn n S

(1) 1, 2, 5, 10, 17, … (2) 2, 3, 5, 9, 17, …

EEIJ(1)an=n2-2n+2,Sn=4fl(2n2-3n+7)
(2) an=2' 1 + 1, S'z=2'z+n - 1
 14 . 213

14-9
( 1 ) , ( 3 , 5), ( 7 , 9, 11), ( 1 3 , 15, 17, 19),
(1) n n
(2) n
(3) 1 n

(1 1 , (3, 5 2 , (7, 9, 11 3 , …
.
(1)
1, 3 , 7 , 1 3 ,
, - , ` - -

2, 4 , 6 ,
(2) 1 1 ’ 2 2 ’ 3 3 ’··· n
n . 2 ,i
2
(3) 1 2 ’ 3 … ai, a2, a3, …

Sfl=a l + a2+a3+ · · . +a,,- ak

k=1

(1)
1, 3 , 7 , 1 3 , 2 1 , ···
- , - - -

2, 4 , 6 , 8 , … bn=2n
n
p = i + { 2 + 4 + 6 + . + 2 ( n - 1)} 'z1 k
( n - i ) T2+2( n - 1)
= " ( ^ " ' = ' ' "2 '-l - - F
2 " ' ''∼
(2) n n 2 - n+ 1' 2 '
’ n α
n{2(n2_n + 1)+ ( n _ 1)x 2 } ?+ -
an=- = ' r
z
(3) i(3
)k1 72Lk3==k1" ’- F l
1 4 - 14 . n n
1, 2 + 3, 4 + 5 + 6, 7 + 8 + 9 + 10, 1 1 + 12+13+14+15, "

LIJ4n(n2+1), 4n(n+1)(n2+n+2)
214 1 4 .

1 0
1 4 9 16
. ,
2 3 8 15
1 , 2 , … ,
5 6 7 14
1 2 ’
10 11 12 13
…
17 18 19 20
(1) 1 10
(2) 1 10
(3) 3 10
(4) n 2 ’ n 2
(5) m m

(1) 1, 4, 9, 16, … n2
10 ' ? 1 i v 1 1 ",/')1 ∼ ' - .
Y ! 12=.IU' kJ " LJ.L=385 + - . . ,,
r '" 6 · ·
(2) 1 {an}, {an
{an} : 1, 2 , 5 , 1 0 , 1 7 , …
{b , } : T … . · . b , =2n-1
·'· a = ai+ (2k-1)= i + 2 I J k-(n--1)=n2-2n+2
10
·'· k2-2 k + 2)=295 - L 1 J
(3) 1 n2 1 4 9 100
10 102 (= 100) 2 3 8 99
5 6 7 98
98 -
(4) " ’2 (n 2 2 '
1 4
n 1 (2 '
an n 2 - 2 n + 2 n 2 - 2n+3 - 2 2 3 3
(5) (4 )n 5 5 6 6
m2-2 m + 2 , )n rn-i : :
rn2-2 m + 2 + ( r n - 1)= m 2 - m + 1 - L
a zH 1
m m2 rn-i , α 2 + 1
1, 3, 7, 13, … urn
1 4 - 15 . rn m iii
,m . m = 11
 14 . 215

14-i

n ' nk2=k2k=ih
= 2' n
2
h
=2hk= \2 n/h=i"
= ak)( 2 + 1) (k2-1)= n2
14-2 1 ,=1an 1 na,
14-3 (ak+ bk)2'= 100, akbh=30 (ak2+bk2
cD30 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0

14-4 {an n 2k-1=4fl-'fl

a2k ·

1 4 5 Xi, X2, X3, … , X,, 0, 1, 2

7x7=13, 7x72=23 7xi " ·

14-6 {an α _2bnL” , {bn
= l , io b,=55
(1) α z
(2) ah 100 n

14- n A(0, y
y = log2 (x -2 B, B X C
. , y = 10g2 (x -2 X D
CD α α
4810 '+ i0 '+io ' … 0
i 14-8
i31'
=
L
+
k2
I4-9 α αn=4 n - 3 n

(1) ai, a3, a5, ··· , azn-i, … ( 2 ) aia2, a2a3, a3a4, … , anan+i, …
1 4 - 10 S
(1) ( 3 ) 2+( 5 ) 2+( 7 ) 2 … (2fl+1)2
(2) 1 X n + 2X( n - 1)+ 3 X ( n - 2)+ 4 X ( n - 3)+ … + n X 1
 216 1 4 .

1 4 - 11 . , [x x

(l)100[7 ( 2 ) 50(1
)l'T
(2)k=
Jn
L
1
1 4 - 12 n I x x 2 - nx+2n=0

an, ' +1) β '+1

D 1715 1725 1735 1745 1755

1 4 - 13 1 100

1 4 - 14 1 n ,
α 2 . ,
(1) a2, as, a4 .
(2) a >500 n

1 4 5 {an
'' . 4- ') ' 4- ? ry l- * · 4- ==
n( n + 1)( 2 n + 3)
U,I I LflA#ZI '-flA'j I I tVI*fl 2
, α α α ·· α

1 4 - 16 ,==x2 y==100 ∥ ,x
y
D 915 1 0 1 4 111 3 1212 1 3 11

1 4 - 17 x I logx /(x
2 n
( 2 n - 3)l o g x = 2( n - 2)f (x)+ 3 n
/(x α . a = 300
n
. . ∼ n 1 a A 3 3 C) )1 - ) -, 1 1 - t%1?1_ C)
18 (3k-i 3k+2)=200
D56 6 1 6 6 7 1 7 6

1 4 - 19 a = =1+2 + 3 + … , … ÷

14-20 an n_, ( i 1 ' x

 14 . 217

1 4 - 21 α n
L ( a 2 k 1 - a2k_1)= 3 n + 2
. ai=8 , a21

1 22 3 α 'i
C, .' “ ,C ,?."
)fl I '1 -'- "I 1. 7S*S 1 - 7
*14
S 1I, J10k=1
1
k+
Jh
8 9 10 11 1 2

14-23 (_1)k(100_k)'
D 2500 2525 5000 @ 5050 100100

1 4 - 24 n n
(1) 2, 2 2 , 2 2 2 , 2222, 22222,
1 1 1 1 1
(9," . . . . 7.
' "' 2 ' 6 ' 1 2 ' 2 0 ' 3 0 '

1 4 - 25
1
l, 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 41,2
4"4'
'3 2 4
3 6 9
4 8 12 16
5 10 15 20 25
6 12 18 24 30 36
4 26 55
7 14 21 28 35 42 4 9
8 16 24 32 40 48 56 6 4
Q 1555 ( 2 ) 1605 1655 9 18 2 7 3 6 4 5 5 4 6 3 7 2 8 1
1705 1755 10 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 100

1 4 - 27 '
1 2 3 4 …

[n], [nl, m l, ··· [nLii'L

]'Ln21
i'[3
2 1
1
2
1z 1 n
3 3 1 1
.
4 4 2 1 1
, [x x
(1) 100 3
(2) 1 100 1
(3) 3 5
 z/8

§1 ,

1, 3, 5, 7 , r 1 ,
" " " 9 ."
, " 33 ."
. 9 33
n α z
an=2 n - 1 + ( n - -1)( n - 2)( n - 3)( n - 4)

a1=2X 1-1 + ( 1 - 1)( 1 - 2)( 1 - 3)( 1 - 4)= 1 A : [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, □ , · ·'

a2=2 X 2 - 1 + ( 2 - 1)( 2 - 2)( 2 - 3)( 2 - 4)= 3
B '. 1 1. ]
a3=2 X 3-1 + ( 3 - 1)( 3 - 2)( 3 - 3)( 3 - 4)= 5
A: ,9
a4=2 X 4 - 1+( 4 - 1)( 4 - 2)( 4 - 3)( 4 - 4)= 7
r = 3.14159 · ·
a5=2X 5- 1+( 5 - 1)( 5 - 2)( 5 - 3)( 5 - 4)- 3 3

B: [ ? ! J
, an 9 33

' 1, 3, 5, 7, … ' α
 15 . 219

{an
a =2 n - 1 0
αn n
a i = 1, a i-a = 2 ( n = 1, 2, 3, " ) 0
α , an+i

n 1, 2, 3, · · ·
ai==1, a 2 = 3, a 3 = 5, · · ·
.
’ (Z
ai = 1
n=1 α z = a i + 2==1+2 = 3
n=2 α 3 = a2+ 2=3 + 2 = 5

α1 , n I1, 2, 3, …
2 3 … 2
α

αz (D
(ii)
, {an , (ii

1 {an 4
(1) a i = 3, a i=a7z2-1 ( , n = 1, 2, 3, · ..)
(2) a i = 2, a 2 = 3, an+2=an+1+an ( , n = 1, 2, 3, " )
(1) an+i = an2-1 n 1, 2, 3
a2=a12-1 = 32-1 = 8 aj=3
a3=a22-1 = 82-1==63 a2=8
a4=a32-1 = 632-1 = 3968 a3=63
(2) an+2 a n + 1+a n 1, 2
a3=a2+a1=3 + 2 = 5 a I = 2, a2=3
a4=a3+a2=5 + 3 = 8 4 a2=3, a3==5
 220 1 5 .

D
’ ,
.

{an =1, 2, 3, … ’
(1) an+i - a n = d α
(2) a i---an=r r
(3) 2afl--1=afl+afl+2 (an+1 - a n = an+2 - an+1)
(4) (an+i)2= an X an+z (an+i ÷ an- an+2 a n + i)
(5) - r J - l
an+i a a n + 2 \ an+i a n a n + 2 a lI ' ' -

...2 α α
’ n = 1, 2, 3, …
(1) a = 5, an+i = an+3 ( 2 ) a i = 2, an+j - 3an=O
. ' , 1 1 . ^
(3) a i = 3, an+i = an ) αl= - - = = - - V α
l=- -==- -tα
l=- -==- - i
a n i a n

(1) a i = 5 αn+1 a7z=3 {an 5, 3

.'. a n = 5 + ( n - 1)X 3 = 3 n + 2 , a,= 3 n + 2 an=a + ( n - 1)d

(2) a = 2 αn+i = 3an, α '+1÷a,,=3 α 2,
3 . . ' . a n = 2X3' - 1 α z=a r H
(3) {an 3 , 1
. '. a , ,=3X1" - ' = 3 , a,'=3
zr" . '",' α1l 1
0
1' - , 1
I - α’
1 - =∼3 1 '-V - A . .. . 1 1 1 ,., .1 ..aI.` ..` 1 ,’
l α ' u I - - I J α ' J t V. - i i 0 I I - ) ,
1-.1
0 - laia
it,
n

3
.' 1 1 , . . . . ' , 6 1 ' - 5 . ' 9
' .'' 1" - 1) x.'3== v ' `, u ' .'' f l . . = , , - '
-' an 2 ' ` " ' / ' 'u 2 - . - " 6n-5
*Note 1 ' (3) α 3, 0
.'. an=3+( n - 1)XO==3 , a' = 3
(4) α 3 ,
{an ,
2' (3),(4 15-1
.
 15 . 221

15 α 10 αl
10 S10
(1) a i = l , a 2 = 3, 2afl+1=afl+afl+2 ( , n = 1, 2, 3, . . )
(2) a i = 3, a2==6, (an+1)2=anan+2 ( , n = 1, 2, 3, …

n 1, 2, 3, … α3, a4, α5 , …

(1) a l = 1, 02=3
n=1 2 a 2 = a l + a3 . ' . a3=2a2-a j = 2 X 3 - 1 = 5
n=2 2 a 3 = a2+a4 . ' . a4=2a3-a2=2 X 5 - 3 = 7
n=3 2 a 4 = a3+a5 . ' . a5=2a4-a3=2 X 7 - 5 = 9

(2) a l = 3, a2=6
a3=12, a 4 = 24, a 5 = 48, …
(1 1' 2 ,(2 3,
2

α n = 1, 2, 3, …
2α 2+1 α z α 2+2 α +
'l α α z+2 α 1)
(an+i)2= an X afl+2(a +i+ an= an+2÷ an+i)

(1) α α1=1, a2=3 αz-a i = 2

. ; . = 1 + ( 1 o - 1)/ 2 = l9, 10(1+ 19)=100ai =

,
9
-)x2
(0
+
1 ·■
(2) {an α i = 3, az=6 , α2-- a l = 2

α,,=3×21.'1=l536 , S ,,=3(2' "-1)a

,S=3 69 - r 1
6
5
0
2
X
3
=
1 ∼ 1

15-i . α an n
S
(1) a i = 4, a 2 = 1, an+1 - a n = an--2-an+1( , n = 1, 2, 3, …
(2) a j = 2, a 2 = - 6 , an+1---an=afl+2--afl+1 ( , n = 1, 2, 3, …

LEIJ(1)a=-3n+7S
, n=-4n(3n-11)(2)an=2X(-3)"-1,8n=1-(-3)
222 1 5 .

15-2 α αn

a = 2, a n + i = α an1 ( n = 1, 2, 3, ' ..)a+1

n 1 , 2, 3, … a2, a 3 , a4, · · ·
α .
al= 2

.2= ,a 1 _ 2a2=a
i+
1- 3 α1-2

. 3 = , a 2 1 = 2a3-a
1- 5
+
2

(4- , a l _ 2a4-a
1- 7
+

α '
2 2 2 2 2
1' 3 ' 5 ' 7 ' ' 2 n - 1'
,

-> {
1 1 1 1 1 = an+ 1
= = = - = , T - = t l
α1 α ".l α α 1 α z

{ 1
1 1 + ( 4 - 1)\ 1 - 2n- 1 · .· .:= 2 22an 2 - Fa
1 -

αl -,=b b1= b+1=b+1

{bn ' 1

bn4+(fl_1)X1·'·bn=2'J' ·'· an=221

1 5 - 2. {an α
a i = 1, 2anan*i = a n - an*i ( , n = 1, 2, 3, · · . ) 2 12n-1
 15 . 223

153 n
, α
.
(1) {an
(2) a5

(1

. ’ an+i αn
. ,
(i)
(ii)
(1)
ai=O
n n+1
, 2n 1 1
αn-i-i
an+i - an+2 X 2 n - a n + 4n (n==1, 2, 3, …
α
a i = O, a +i=a,' + 4n ( n = 1, 2, 3, … ) - L E I I
(2) a = O α +i = a, + 4 n n 1, 2, 3, 4
n=1 α 2 = a l + 4 X 1 = O+4 = 4
n==2 a 3 r = a2+4 X 2 = 4 + 8 = 12
n=3 a 4 = a3+4 X 3 = 12+12=24
n=4 a i = a4+4 X 4 = 24+16=40-- - L I 1
Vote 15-3, 15-4, 15-5, 15-6, 15-7
, n 1, 2, 3, …
.
c ir
15-3 . n
α ,
(1) αz
(2) a6 . (1) a j = 0, an+1 a n + n (iz=l , 2, 3, . ) ( 2 ) 15
 224 1 5 .

c l 15-3

an+i== a, 4n n 1, 2, 3, ∼ · α =
{an} : 0, 4 , 12, 24, 40,
{b } : 4 , 8 , 1 2 , 16, bn=4n
4' 4

..""·.'.' .," - + ' 4 b = O+4x( n - ,1)n =2n2-

u n - U i ' k=1 J " " ' 1 " "
2n
" "

α
an+i = an+ f (n)
nOll 1,2 , 3 , " , n - i
an+i = a, 4 n n 1, 2, 3
· · ·’ 1z-1 9 a i + 4 Xl
= i + 4X2
= β +4X3
an=ai+4{1+2+3+… l
ai= 0 +) a4= f + 4X( n - 1)
a = 0+4X( n - 1)n
an=ai+4{1+2+3+… 1
= 2 n 2 - 2n
α
. α '
a5=2X52-2 X 5 = 40 4 a n = 2n2-2n
’ n S

Sn= a,,- ( 2 k 2 - 2k)

=2Y' n(n+1)(2n+1) 2 γ "n(n+1)= 2" (," l)(,' l,

" " 6 " " 2 3 ' · " " "" ' /
r ■ 15-4 . αz α-ii-n
-1 n
C
(1) a i = 2, a +i=a,z+2 n - 1 ( , n = 1, 2, 3, …
(2) a i = 3, an-,-i=an+27' ( , n = 1 , 2, 3, ···
- ' . . - . . ' , , , 1 ^ , - ' ` . ∼ ,
- (fi a,= n Z _ 9 n 4 t , sr' ' 2'' 3" "+13)
S.-, -'" ' - . - ' " , " 6 ' ' ' - u - ∼
(2) a,' = 2' + 1, Sn=2"++ n - 2
 15 . 225

154

1] 1 1
2] n n+1 ’
n+1 ;i
3,Z_ 1
n α z
(1) an α 1
(2) a5

(1)

n α 1 1 α α
3fl - 1
an+i = an+a n x (3" - l ) . ' . a , ,+i=3'za,, ( n 1 , 2, 3, " . )

(2) (1 n I1, 2, 3, 4
,1 1 'zi=l
(1) a +l=3'a ( n = 1, 2, 3, . )
(2) a i = 1 α 1=3'zα z n 1, 2, 3, 4
n=l a 2 = 31Xa1=31X1=31
n==2 a 3 = 32Xaz=32X31=33
n=3 a 4 = 33Xa3=33X33=36
4 a 5 = 34X a4=34X36=310 < - ·
15-5 . /(x)= - Pn I
' -r

1] I 2
2] Pn+1 Pn /(n
I z α z ,
(1) an α 1
^,, - . n ' . , f l / - - , / ‘ 2
(Z) as - - - L J (1) an+j 1 a n ( n - 1, 2, 3, ' . ) ( 2)
 226 1 5 .

c ftce I 15-4

z 2+1-onani-an n 1, 2, 3, … {an
{ an} : 1, 31, 33, 36 , 310, …
α 3

0, 1 , 3 , 6 , 1 0 ,
∼ - - , - , , -

1, 2 , 3 , 4 , b,= n
1, 1

0+ n-i n(n- 1)k=

2
1
α an αn=3 n(n-1
α

a l = f(n)an
nOll 1, 2, 3, · . · , n - i
, a , + i = 3'2a,9 I n 1, 2, 3,
/ = 3 'xa1
…’ 1
/=32× z
/=33Xp5
an=a i (3'X32X33X" X 3 ' z-l)
a1= 1 an= 3fl_1Xβr
α _ ' 1 + 2+3+. . . + ( n - 1)a
-.)
n
a = a i (3'X32X33X" X3 1)
= 3-n(n-1)
* Note α α100 α
n==100

15-6 . 15-5 {an αn

2
an=
15-7 . {an 23o
ai==4, an+i = 2'zan ( , n = 1, 2, 3, … L 1 8

15-8 . {an an

.1=2, 1= n+2ai=2
,aan ( , n = 1, 2, 3, … ) L an n(n+i)
 15 . 227

15-5 Pn
1 P1 2 , 3
2 Pn+2 Pn, Pn+i P Pn+1
3:2
Pn α ,
(1) an, an+i, an+2
(2) a5

,
n 1, 2, 3, …

P( , Q(x2 PQ
m X 2 + flXj.
m:
rn+n
u=2 Xi
m:
rn-- n
(1) Pn(an), I +1(an+i P P+1 3:2

Pn+2(an+2 '7
3an+i - 2an
* " =

"-'- 3 - 2
.'.a n + 2=3an+1 - 2an ( n 4 , 2, 3, . . ) + -
(2) a i = 2, a2=3 αn+2=3an+i - 2a n 1, 2, 3
z==1 a 3 = 3a2-2a1=3 X 3 - 2 x 2 = 5
n=2 a 4 = 3a3-2a2=3 X 5 - 2 X 3 = 9
n=3 a 5 = 3a4-2a3=3 X 9 - 2 X 5 = 17
*Note afl+2=3afl--1-2a αn+2 - 3an+1+2afl=O
pan+2+ qan+i + ra =O (p+ q+ r==O)
. c

15-9 . Pz, Pz+i, Pn+2 P n+2

PnPn+i 1:2 , R(1), (28
P α ,
(1) an, an+i, an+2
(2) a5 ' (1). , * 2 = an+i + 2an ( n = 1, 2, 3, … ) (2) 14an-1
3
=
-2
 228 1 5 .

J f t e l 15-5

afl+2 - 3afl+1+2afl--O n 1, 2, 3, … α '

{an} : 2, 3 , 5 , 9 , 17,
, - ∼ - ` - -

{bn} : 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 , b =2 "'
1' 2

... an=ai+ 2* '=2+1 ' ' j ; - l /-28'1+1 0 2 - 1

α
M-l pafl+2+qafl+1+r a f l = O ( q+ r
(i) afl+2 - afl+1=k (afl+1 - afl
(ii) αz
, afl+2 - 3afl+1+2afl=0 a f l . 1-2 - afl+1=2afl+1 - 2afl
.'. afl+2 - an+i = 2(an+i - an)
n 1, 2, 3, …
a3- a2-2(a2- at), a 4 - a3=2( a 3 - az),
, α l = 2, a2=3 α
ai, a 2 , a 3 , a 4 , " , a n , a n + i, a f l 2 , "
1X21x22 1 X 2 "1 X2" bn=2' . '
1 , 2 .
(Z α’z
* Note Pan+2+ qan-,-i+ ra ,=O (p*o +q + r = 0 α γ
Pan+2+( - P - r)an+i + ra =O . ' . p (an+2 - an+i)== r(an+i - an)
·'· a7 2- an+i= --(an+i - an)
α .
1
· 1 5 - 10 . {an αn+1 - a, α

a i = 3, a2=5, an+2 - 5an+i + 4an==O ( , n = 1, 2, 3, . )

1 - . 1 = 2 '" ', . 1LEJa
l,nT(22" .'+7)
2
=
i_
+
n
· Iu 1 5 - 11 . {an
az==2ai, a n + 2 - 4an+1+3an=O ( , n = 1, 2, 3, …
. a5=123 ’ a4 · 42
 15 . 229

15-6 10% 100 g .

50 g 6% 50 g
n α %).
(1) a i
(2) an αn+1
(3) a4

(1),(2 {an

=. , . x 100
f7

= × (%.
100

(3 (2 n 1, 2, 3

(1) ai=1(50X- - +50X-j - )X100=8 -

1 / - C `
(2) an+i=1 50X +5 Q X j - ) x100

·'· an+i=- -an+3 (n=1, 2, 3, · . .) -

(3) ai=8 an+i= a +3 n 1, 2, 3

n=1 a2= +3= x8+3=7
n=2 a3= -a2+3=- - X7+3= -

n=3 .4- a3+3= × +3=

1 5 - 12. 10001 .
100L
. αn (L
(1) an αn+1

(2) a ' · L L J (1)an+i n+100 (n=1, 2, 3, … ) (2) 225

 230 1 5 .

- fte I 15-6

an+i an +3 n 1, 2, 3, … {..
f,, 1 . . '7 l 3
1-'flJ " ' - ', l ,
2' 4 ' 8 '
. . - ∼ / - - -

r' , . . 1 1 1 , , , I \ fl-1
1k. ' - 1 . - . ÷ . - - - - . - I
"7-" " ' 2 ' 4 ' 8 ' ' 7-' \ 2 1
',1-'1 ^1- ‘ I.. ,.4...1 1_s.-1...1 . - ' . ,..1_..7 1 .., ,- _.1 a ..a ..i ,.
a -1 , '
I t= I ' I l I I I .1'. ii 0 . , 0 I - I 2 t I 0 I I I_I ___ I - .'
. . L / 1 v' l

·α n-i( 1'i-' 8 ’ 1A1[ ) 1-(1n-2an=a

8(-) +
(-)}=
{_
+
1 1 - =

α
an+i = p a n + α
(i) an+i - k = p ( a n - k
(ii) α z-* β
- . 1 1 , ^ ._- _.i__, .., , '7 7-.
a n + i== = 7 α 3 Cr i b
6
1 , ^ , . . 1 /
an+i - o=- -an1- i - o . . a n + i - t 1 = - - ` a n - o)

{a -6 .1-6=8-6=2,
an-6='.2X(--)"" .'. . "+6
*Note 1 ' 6
α '+i 1 α . ^ '3. 1 ..t. ,
1 .11 .1 71' = _77
77'fltl 2 ' " 7 - '' " ' . . ' "b ' 11'
1 . ' , , . , 1 . . ^ ' , ,,
α→"+̀' "= αr'+3 . . ' ",, . "= z, 6-2 "
1.77
. 1*1 " 2 " " u ' . . " " ' '7- 2 II4I7 I 1.71.7-fl./
- k = 6 - 2k k = =6
7-S0 1 . , . , - , . . _ 1 ._O . -. Cl _11,.1.=.1..a 1 , ,.
t a n + i = - - a n - l - i " " `D I -1 ' ! a n + 2 - - 7 - a n + 1--I-3 . .
L L
f l , C , .a ,-a 1 / , . . . i . - . ' , x , a 1 1 ...1 ...11 1 .7.. ..l ...1 →
)- ,) r ! a n + 2 - a n + i = - 7 ` a n + i - a 'r ` α F ‘1‘
' D
..1-.1 1 7,11= ..1.- #51Cl ...l Cl-.1. .7..,- ta
‘ r x · ‘ ‘1 'U ·
L

. 1 5 - 13 . α ' α
a i - 3, a n + j = 3 a n - 2 ( , n = =1, 2, 3, … ) a " = 2x3" 1 + 1
 15 . 231

15-7 ,1 .
n
α
(1) an, an+i, an+2
(2) a7

1
,

α1=2 , 2 (A1 ' - ' ,

α2=3 . α2 C . , , . .
7
α7 .

(1) an+2 n+2

(i) :
.
1z
n n

α z
:
n+1 n+1 0 0 ......
` - - - -

n+1

αn+1
(i), (ii) a n + z=an+i + an( n = 1, 2, 3, . . ) + ·
(2) a l = 2, az=3 αn+z==an+i + a n I f l 1, 2, 3, …
{an}: 2 , 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, . . . ; . a 7 = 34 - [ E
c e l n α 2 α α α 2

1 5 - 14 . 0 1 ,0 ,1
α ,
(1) an, an+i, an+2
(2) α7 . [ (1) an+2=an+1+an (n=1, 2, 3, " ) (2) 21
 232 1 5 .

c Er. l

!
α, n = i , 2, 3, ∼ ·
D an+i - an=d
an.- i ÷ an=r γ
2a,,+i=an+a,z+2 (an+1 - an=an+2 - an+i)

(an+i)2=an Xan+z (an a

-, ÷ Ln+2ani
p. 220 2, p.221 15-i , p.222 15-2

αn+i = an + f(n
n 1, 2, 3, . , n - i
p. 223 15-3

L I I an+i= f(n)an
n 1, 2, 3, ·· · , n-i
p. 225 15-4

P 1 pan+z+qan+i + r a n = 0
r = zO
p a,z+ αα ran==O
afl+2 - an+i = k(a i- an
’ k i
p. 227 15-5

I an+i = pan +α
p=0 2 α
=1 αn+i - a = α α
a=0 αn+i - Pa
p * 0, p44, q * 0
an+i = p a n + α
> an+i - k = p ( an-k
{an-k
p. 229 15-6
 15 . 233

§2 .

[D
300

’
.

.
k
k+1

,
.
, .

(ii) k+1
234 1 5 .

n
1+3 + 5 + 7 + ∼ · +(2n- 1)= n 2 0

1)
<Z 1 2

: " "1+(n-i) x2}=n2=2 ∼ n{2a+(n-2

' "
2) >

(2k-1)=2 4=2/n(-n
2X 1)4=42n=n=
=
1
I n=i =1, = 12=1 . ' . =
n=2 = 1 + 3 = 4, = 22=4 . ' . =
n=3 = 1 + 3 + 5 = 9, = 32= 9 . ' . =

n .
n 1, 2, 3
.
’ n

n== k + 1 ( 2 )

n=i n=2
n=2 n=3
n=3 n=4
 15 . 235

n=1 n = 2, 3, 4, 5, …
, n

(D n = 1 (Z
(2
n=k + 1 2
e

in

1+3 + 5 + 7 + · · ( 2 n - 1)=n2 ( Z )
(i) n = 1 = 1, = 12=1 (2
(ii) n = k (k 1 e
1+3 + 5 + 7 + … + ( 2 k - 1)=k2 n=k
' ' - *+1 2),
1+3 + 5+7+ … +(2k-1)+(2k+1)==(k+1)2
. 2k-i
2k+ 1
2k+ 1
1+3 + 5 + 7 + · · + ( 2 k - 1)+ ( 2 k + 1)= k 2 + ( 2 k + 1)

1+3 + 5 + 7 + … + ( 2 k - 1)+ ( 2 k + 1)= ( k + 1)2

n=k+1 (2
(i), 1z <2

l
z n

(i) n = 1 (n
(ii) f l = p (n
n=k + 1 /,(
236 1 5 .

15-8 n ,

.14-
- . ^9 . 3z+
^ -. · . 1. "z-= 1 1 - ' , .11(91α"-I-1
. '
'" ' u " " 6 "'-" '

(i) n==1 (n
(ii) n = '' "=k+1

12+22+32+... +fl2=4Uf l (fl+1)(2n+1) 0

(i)n=1 =12=1, x1x2x3=1

n=1 (2
(ii) n = k (k 1 (2

12+22+32+...+k2= k(k+1)(2k+1)
(2 n n==k+1
12+22+32+...+k2+(k+1)2=k(k+1)(k+2)(2k+3)0
. r=k+1 (Z
. 0,
(k+1)2
(2 + 1)2

12+22+32+.+k2+(k+1)2=1 k(k+1
.
)(2k+1)+(k+1)2
r , ^, , . . ,,/ . .
== ---(b41 b "(9b"-4'- '1)-I--6(b"4-1'I
6` "' ( " `" '" ' ' u` " ' )
1/ , , ', , ' . -, .
( b - i-i ) ( 9 b 2 - I- 7 b - 4-( \
6 ` "' . . . . . . . ' - 'I
=- - (k+ 1)( k + 2)( 2 k + 3)
n=k+1 (2 .
(1), (ii n

1 5 - 15. n ’

(1) 2 + 4 + 6 + … + 2 n = n ( n + 1)
(2) 1 X 2 + 2 X 3 + 3 X 4 + . + n ( n + 1)= - - n ( n + 1)( n + 2)
 15 . 237

15-9 Iz>0 ,2 n

(1+h)' > 1 + n h

(1+h)' > 1 + n h 0
(D n 2 n=2

n 5 5
(ii) n - k ( k > 2 e 4 ’ k
( H h ) h>1 + k h
. 1
(1+h) 1>1 + ( k + 1)h 0
n=k+1
, (I 1+/i
(2 . .
n a( α no
''
(i) f l = α
n=k ( k > a "=k+1

(H 1 0
(i) n = 2 = ( 1 + h) =H2h
- = 1 + 2 h + h 2 - ( 1 + 2h)= h 2 > 0 ( ' .' h >0)
> n=2
(ii) n = k ( k > 2 ( 1 + Iz)* >1+
1+h 1+h > 0
(1+h)h(1+1z)> ( 1 + kh)(1+h) . ' . ( 1 + hY+1>( 1 + kh)(1+h)
=1+ 1) k h 2 > 1 + ( k + 1)h
(1+h)*+1>1 + ( k + 1)h
n=k+1 2 .
(i), (ii 2 n

■ 1 5 - 16 .
(1) 2 > n ( 2 ) 2 >2n+1 3
238 1 5 .

1 5 - 10 n p (n
, 1) (n+2
p (n nail
p(i . p (2
p(1 p(2 . p (i 3
p(2 p(3

2 1)= p ( n + 2

' p (n

(i) P(l
(ii) p (k ' ' ( * +1
(i) p (n)= = 2
p(1 (3), p(5), p(7), · · · ( 2 )
p (n p(2
.
p(2 i (4), p(6), p(8), · · · 2 )
2) ,(2 n z
(ii) 1 + 1) = = z+2
(2 x 3 ) , i '(4), p(5), … n = 1, 2, 3, · ·
'z 'z p(1

(i),Gi (1 p(2 n
p (n . I 1
1 5 - 17 . n p (n
A : p (O . B : p (1 . C: p( - i
D : p (n l 1
E : p (n p( n - 1
. n
p(n . l
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