YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공

※ [18번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ [19번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Dear Dog Owners, my name is Lily Paxton, and Maya waited in line to check in for her flight.
I’m the town’s Pet Program Coordinator. As Her expectations about her European
part of our goal to make the community more backpacking trip were really high. She (A) [had
dog-friendly, we recently opened a new dog / has] been looking forward to the trip for a
park. The park was (A) [designing / designed] year. She couldn’t wait to visit museums in
to provide both dogs and owners (가)________ Madrid and see the Eiffel Tower at night in
an enjoyable experience. There are big grassy Paris. As she stood in line, she could feel those
areas (B) [which / in which] your dogs can experiences were finally so close. When she
run, jump, and play. We have separate spaces (B) [approached / approached to] the counter,
for small dogs and big dogs to ensure safety. the airline employee ______________. Maya
You’ll also find lots of benches and areas for reached into her pocket but felt nothing. She
resting and staying cool. We hope you will have realized she had left her passport at home. Her
a wonderful time with your dogs in this newly plans were ruined. She was heartbroken, (C)
(C) [opening / opened] park. Regards, Lily [known / knowing] she could not board the
Paxton, Pet Program Coordinator. flight and had to delay her dream trip.

1. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (가) 부분에 들어갈 전치사를 다음의 보 3. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로
기 중에서 고르시오.1) 가장 적절한 것은?3)
① (A) has … (B) approached to … (C) knowing
② (A) has … (B) approached … (C) known
[보기] on / into / in / for / with
③ (A) has … (B) approached to … (C) known
④ (A) had … (B) approached … (C) known
→ _______________________________________ ⑤ (A) had … (B) approached … (C) knowing

2. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로

가장 적절한 것은?2) 4. 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시

① (A) designed … (B) which … (C) opened 오.4)

② (A) designing … (B) which … (C) opening ① took her passport away

③ (A) designed … (B) in which … (C) opened ② looked down on her

④ (A) designed … (B) in which … (C) opening ③ was absent

⑤ (A) designing … (B) in which … (C) opened ④ asked her to see her passport

⑤ asked her to show her passport

YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
※ [20번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. 7. 지문의 밑줄 친 (나) 에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 바르게 고
치시오.7)
People often ask me, “What surprises you most
____________________ → ____________________
about habits?” (가) 나를 계속해서 놀라게 하는
____________________ → ____________________
한 가지는 우리가 순전한 편리성에 의해 영향을 받
는 정도이다. The amount of effort, time, or
decision making required by an action has a
huge influence on habit formation. To a truly ※ [21번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

remarkable extent, we’re more likely to do

It is common sense that people’s inner beliefs
something if it’s convenient, and less likely if
may drive their external behavior. If you’re
it’s not. For this reason, we should pay close
attracted to a certain person, you should be
attention to the convenience of any activity we
more likely to socialize with that person. If you
want to make into a habit. (나) Putting a
favor a brand of toothpaste, you’re more likely
wastebasket next to our front door made mail
to buy it. Of course, our internal thoughts don’t
sorting slightly more conveniently, and I
always predict our public behavior, but, overall,
stopped procrastinating with this chore. Many
what we do obviously reflects what we think.
people report that they do a much better job of
But beliefs and behaviors are also related in a
staying close to distant family members now
more remarkable way. It turns out that the
that tools like group chats make it easily to
arrow is as likely to point ______________. As
stay in touch. (2개)
social psychologist David Myers observes, “If
social psychology has taught us anything during
5. 윗글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?5) the last 25 years, it is that we are likely not
① People often stick to routines not because they’re only to think ourselves into a way of acting but
effective, but because they’re easy. also to act ourselves into a way of thinking.”
② Convenience can even outweigh personal goals when

it comes to daily choices.

8. 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시
③ What feels natural is simply what’s most accessible.
오.8)
④ Even good intentions can be derailed if the easier
① nowhere at all
option is always within reach.
② in the downward direction
⑤ The biggest influence on habits is convenience.
③ in the upward direction

④ in the backward direction

6. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (가) 부분을 [조건]과 [보기]를 참조하
⑤ in the forward direction
여 영작하시오.6)

[보기] sheer / that / we’re / is / by / One /

degree / to / continually / the / which / thing /
convenience / me / astonishes / influenced

→ _______________________________________ (16자)
_______________________________________________
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※ [22번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ [23번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Imagine following the spirit of a silence vow Science is concerned with accumulating and
into daily life. Challenge yourself to spend an understanding ① observances of the physical
entire day saying only what you absolutely
world. That understanding alone solves no
must say. It’s been widely observed by
problems. Individual people have to act on that
behavioral psychology experts — and anyone
understanding for it to help solve problems. For
who’s ever been on a first date — that we too
instance, science has ② found that regular
often tend to treat “conversation” as a game of
waiting for our own turn to speak. We miss exercise can lower your risk of heart disease.

what’s being said because we’re mentally Knowing this fact is interesting, but it won't do
rehearsing our next utterance. (가) What if you ③ anything for your personal health unless you
could eliminate the idea that the next available act on it and actually exercise. And that’s the
mini-silence is your next opening to express hard part. Reading an article about exercise is
no matter what is in your head? What if you easy. Getting into an actual routine of regular
were limited to, say, fifty spoken words exercise is ④ harder. In this sense, science
tomorrow? I think you’d listen quite differently.
really solves no problems at all. (가) 문제는 사
You'd attend quite carefully every word you
람들이 과학에 의해 제공된 지식을 취하고 그것을
heard. (2개) You'd be attuned to what you must
사용할 때만 해결된다. In fact, many of
respond to. (나) 당신은 말을 줄일수록 더 많이
humanity’s biggest problems are caused by ⑤
듣게 된다는 것을 발견할지도 모른다.
absence of action, and not lack of knowledge.

9. 윗글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?9)

① 말을 줄이는 것은 확신이 없다는 것을 의미한다. 12. 윗글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?12)

② 말을 줄이는 것은 매우 훌륭한 자기 수양의 방법이다. ① Some of the most important lessons come from

③ 말을 줄이면 상대방의 말에 더 귀를 기울이게 된다. failure, not success.

④ 더 많이 들을 수록 말을 줄이게 된다. ② Creativity often thrives under pressure, not in

⑤ 많이 듣는 것과 한 사람의 말 수와는 큰 연관이 없다. comfort.

③ People are more persuaded by emotion than by facts.

10. 지문의 밑줄 친 (가) 에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 바르게 고 ④ Solving problems is only possible when that

치시오.10) knowledge is put into action.

____________________ → ____________________ ⑤ Change usually starts with a question, not an answer.

____________________ → ____________________
13. 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?13)

11. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (나) 부분을 [조건]과 [보기]를 참조하

여 영작하시오.11) ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

[보기] discover / might / you / the / less / say

/ the / hear / more / that / you

→ _______________________________________ (12자)
_______________________________________________
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
14. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (가) 부분을 [조건]과 [보기]를 참조하 16. 윗글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?16)
여 원문대로 영작하시오.14) ① We may believe we see things clearly, yet our
views are shaped by personal experience.
[보기] when / by / the / and / take / are /
② People can agree on facts but still draw different
Problems / provided / solved / use / people / it
conclusions.
/ knowledge / science / only
③ Objectivity is often assumed, but rarely fully
achieved.

→ _______________________________________ (15자) ④ Even if we think we are being objective, we often

_______________________________________________ interpret things differently from others.

_______________________________________________ ⑤ Even shared realities are filtered through individual

perspectives.

15. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (가) 부분을 주어진 말로 문장이 시작

되도록 변형문을 만드시오.15) 17. 지문의 밑줄 친 (가) 에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 바르게 고
치시오.17)

→ Only __________________________________________ ____________________ → ____________________

____________________ → ____________________
_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________
18. 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.18)
① logical, subjective and rational
② logical, subjective and irrational
※ [24번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
③ logical, objective and irrational
We think we’re being ______________ — and ④ logical, objective, and rational
therefore accurate in our analysis, judgment, ⑤ analytic, objective and irrational
and decisions. So we think that if other people
are logical, objective, and rational, they will
agree with us and see what we see. But the
opposite is the case. Every human brain is
different. Everyone’s life experience is
different. Everyone’s desires and knowledge are
different. You might think you’re being realistic
— that is, that your ideas match reality, but
that’s impossible. (가) It’s only your
interpretation of reality, which will always be
different from someone else. When two nations
play each other in the World Cup, the fans of
each country criticizes the referees for missing
all the infractions that the other team commits.
Without fail, each fan base believes that the
referees are biased against their team (2개).
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
※ [26번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ [29번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Edward O. Wilson was born in Birmingham, Studies of experts provide insight into what it
Alabama, in 1929. In his early childhood, he means to have deep and (가) ____________
became interested in nature and spent much understanding. Experts in a particular domain
time in the outdoors. At age seven, he was are people who (A) ______________. They are
partially blinded in a fishing accident; his not just good thinkers or people who are
reduced sight led Wilson to the study of ants. exceptionally smart. Rather, experts have
He could not observe larger animals from a knowledge in a specific domain—such as chess,
distance. ___(A)___, he concentrated on smaller chemistry, or tennis—and are not generalists.
creatures he could study up close. After However, experts do not just know “a bunch of
studying evolutionary biology at the University facts.” In fact, having expertise in a topic
of Alabama, Wilson transferred to Harvard means that knowledge is organized into coherent
University, where he became a professor in frameworks, and the expert understands the
1956. He never received a Nobel Prize — the interrelationship between facts and can
prize didn’t recognize research in the field of distinguish which ideas are most central. This
evolutionary biology. ___(B)___, he was awarded kind of deep but organized understanding allows
the Crafoord Prize in 1990. Wilson, known to for greater (나) _____________ in learning and
some as the “modern‐day Darwin”, died at the facilitates application across multiple contexts.
age of 92 in Massachusetts.

20. 윗글의 빈칸 (A)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고

19. 윗글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것 르시오.20)
은? 19)
① struggle to make sense of the world
① (A) Rather … (B) Yet ② focus only on surface-level observations
② (A) Instead … (B) Therefore ③ ignore broader perspectives in daily thinking
③ (A) Instead … (B) For example ④ have deep, richly interconnected ideas about their
④ (A) However … (B) However own field only
⑤ (A) Therefore … (B) However ⑤ hold complex and well-integrated thoughts about the world

21. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (가), (나) 부분에 들어갈 문맥에 맞는

단어를 쓰시오21)

(가) : ________________ (나) : ________________

YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
※ [30번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

→ _______________________________________ (17자)
(가) 사람들이 사건들을 관찰하고 나서 왜 그런 사
건들이 일어났는지에 대한 설명을 찾는 것은 당연 _______________________________________________

하다. But sometimes the reasoning is wrong

because of one or more misconceptions. One of
these is the ecological fallacy, where an 24. 윗글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것
argument claims that there is a causal 은? 24)

relationship between two things merely because ① (A) For example … (B) While
they occur together. ___(A)___, in the 1950s it ② (A) For example … (B) As
was found that crime rates were the highest in ③ (A) However … (B) If
neighborhoods where immigrants were most ④ (A) For instance … (B) Unless
numerous. Some people used this ⑤ (A) Therefore … (B) If
“co-occurrence” to argue that immigrants were
a cause of crime. But a careful analysis of this
situation revealed that immigrants were forced
to live in neighborhoods where crime rates
were already high; they could not afford more
expensive housing in safer neighborhoods.
Immigrants themselves committed very few of
the crimes. ___(B)___ you analyze the claim
carefully, you would misinterpret the
relationship and thereby construct a faulty
belief.

22. 윗글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?22)

① 함께 발생한 두 사건은 서로 인과관계가 있을 수 없다.
② 함께 발생한 두 사건은 서로 인과관계가 없을 수 있다.

③ 함께 발생한 두 사건은 서로 상관관계가 있을 수 있다.

④ 두 가지의 사건은 어떻게든 연결되어 있기 마련이다.

⑤ 사건의 원인을 정확하게 분석하는 것은 힘든 일이다.

23. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (가) 부분을 [조건]과 [보기]를 참조하

여 영작하시오.23)

[보기] and / happenings / occurred / why /

people / seek / observe / for / It / for /
explanations / then / natural / to / is /
happenings / those
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
※ [31번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ [32번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

In everyday life, we use previous experience to Most entrepreneurs put in tremendous amounts
predict where we should ① give attention. of time and effort in creating and launching new
products and services and then make the
Different environments create different
mistake of overpricing them. They have created
expectations. This was profoundly ② something they care deeply about, it’s theirs,
demonstrated by the scientist Jared Diamond in and this powerful sense of ownership distorts
his book Guns, Germs, and Steel. He describes their perception of value which causes them to
overprice their products. While many of them
an adventure ③ wondering through the New
are quick to realize that their initial prices are
Guinea jungle with native New Guineans. He too high, (가) 이 모든 사람들이 그들의 제품을
relates that these natives tend to perform 더 매력적으로 만들기 위해 가격을 낮추는 것을 좋
poorly at tasks Westerners have been trained to 아하거나 내켜하지는 않는다. And this can be a
very costly mistake that may lead to the failure
do since childhood. But they are ④ seldom
of their new business. When you launch a new
stupid. They can detect the most subtle
product or service, your priority should be to
changes in the jungle, good for following the get sufficient market adoption as soon as
tracks of a predator or finding the way back possible, and you should be ready to sacrifice
your initial prices and profits to achieve this
home. They know which insects to leave alone,
aim. Once you have strong sales volumes, you
know where food exists, can build and tear
can increase your prices to maximize your
down shelters ⑤ easily. (가) Diamond, who has profits.
never spent time in such places, has no ability
to pay attention to these things. If he was to
27. 윗글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?27)
be tested on such tasks, he also would perform
poorly (2개). ① Many companies underestimate their costs, leading to
financial losses.
② Some businesses set prices too low, hurting their
25. 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은
profit margins.
것은?25)
③ Overconfidence in a product can cause neglect of

customer feedback.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
④ Ignoring market trends often results in declining sales.
⑤ Many companies make the mistake of overpricing their

products and services, which can lead to business failure.

26. 지문의 밑줄 친 (가) 에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 바르게 고
치시오.26)
28. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (가) 부분을 [조건]과 [보기]를 참조하
____________________ → ____________________
여 영작하시오.28)
____________________ → ____________________
[보기] to / not / make / prices / these / to / or
/ more / drop / happy / attractive / their / all /
willing / their / are / people / products

→ _______________________________________ (18자)

_______________________________________________
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※ [33번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. 30. 지문의 밑줄 친 (가) 에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 바르게 고
치시오.30)
(가) In most respects, humans are one of a
____________________ → ____________________
relatively small number of species that evolved
____________________ → ____________________
a very different strategy of investing more
energy to reproduce more slowly. Like apes and
elephants, we mature at a leisurely pace, grow
31. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (나) 부분을 [조건]과 [보기]를 참조하
large bodies, and have a few babies but devote
여 영작하시오.31)
much time and energy to rising them well. (2
개) This unusual strategy succeeds because
while apes and elephants produce fewer babies
[보기] to / half / of / it / become / make /
than mice, a larger percentage of their offspring
parents / offspring / these / about
survive to then reproduce. A house mouse can
become a mother when she is just five weeks
old, has four to ten pups per litter, and can → _______________________________________ (10자)
have a new litter every two months over the _______________________________________________
course of her approximately twelve-month life.
However, the vast majority of her pups die
young. In contrast, a chimp or elephant mother
does not reproduce until she is at least twelve
years old, and she gives birth to only one
infant every five or six years over the next
thirty or so years. (나) 이러한 새끼 중 절반 정
도가 부모가 되는 데 성공한다.

29. 윗글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?29)

① Humans reproduce quickly but invest little time in

child-rearing.
② Many animals have rapid reproduction cycles with

minimal parental care.

③ Humans adopted a strategy of slow reproduction by

investing energy and spending much time raising their

children.
④ Some species prioritize quantity of offspring over

quality.
⑤ Energy is often conserved by producing many

offspring without extended care.

YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
※ [34번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. 34. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (나) 부분을 [조건]과 [보기]를 참조하
여 영작하시오.34)
When scientists make an important new
discovery or experimentally prove some
hypothesis, they do not, in general, keep that [보기] data / new / hypotheses / experiments /
information to themselves so that they alone perform / use / it / and / construct / new /
can consider its meaning and derive additional scientists / possible / for / makes / to / it / to
theories from it. Instead, they publish their / other / that
results and make their data available for
inspection. (가) 이것은 다른 과학자들이 그들의
데이터를 재고하게 하고 어쩌면 그들의 결론을 반 → _______________________________________ (19자)

박하는 것을 가능하게 한다. More important, _______________________________________________

though, (나) 이것이 다른 과학자들이 새로운 가설

들을 세우고 새로운 실험들을 수행하기 위하여 그
데이터를 사용하는 것을 가능하도록 한다는 것이
다. The assumption is that society as a whole
will end up knowing more if information is
spread as widely as possible, rather than being
limited to a few people. In a strict sense, every
scientist depends on the work of other
scientists.

32. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?32)

① Science: competition drives innovation
② Science: fueled by individual genius
③ Science: built on trial and error

④ Science: progress through sharing

⑤ Science: shaped by societal needs

33. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (가) 부분을 [조건]과 [보기]를 참조하

여 영작하시오.33)

[보기] other / scientists / This / their /

conclusions / their / for / refute / possibly /
reconsider / possible / to / and / makes / data /
it

→ _______________________________________ (16자)

_______________________________________________
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
※ [35번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

→ _______________________________________ (21자)
In the 1930s, the British psychologist Sir
_______________________________________________
Frederic Bartlett asked people ① to listen to
folktales from other countries and then recall
these stories at a later date. As you might
guess, ② unfamiliar stories were not 37. 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은

remembered as well as familiar stories. 것은?37)

Surprisingly, however, errors in memory were
③ random. ___(A)___, (가) 피험자들은 자신의 ① ② ③ ④ ⑤
마음속에서 이야기의 비슷한 부분 — 특히 그들에
게 가장 이해가 되지 않는 부분을 종종 다시 썼다.
Bartlett concluded that when facing problems, 38. 윗글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것
humans draw upon mental schemata, or shelves 은? 38)

of ④ stored knowledge in our brains, to fill in ① (A) Therefore … (B) However

any minor gaps in our memories. ___(B)___, ② (A) Therefore … (B) Therefore
remembering is an imaginative process that
③ (A) Instead … (B) Therefore
involves building upon ⑤ past experiences.
④ (A) Rather … (B) However
⑤ (A) Rather … (B) For example

35. 윗글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?35)

① Memory is the process of reconstructing past
experiences using imagination.
② Memory stores past experiences exactly as they
happened.
③ Imagination creates entirely new ideas, unrelated to

past events.
④ Memories fade over time and often become
inaccessible.

⑤ Recollection is triggered by external stimuli, not

internal reconstruction.

36. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (가) 부분을 [조건]과 [보기]를 참조하

여 영작하시오.36)

[보기] parts / to / often / the / stories / in /

minds / — / particularly / that / own / their /
of / parts / made / subjects / the / rewrote /
them / the / similar / sense / least
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
※ [36번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ [37번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

History, people often say, repeats itself. And Stanford psychology professor Dr. Carol Dweck
looking at the (A) [historic / historical] records is the internationally recognized pioneer of the
of the ancient civilizations, some things do concept of “growth mindset” as a way to
seem to happen again and again. Civilizations continually grow, learn, and persevere in our
expand, get overextended, and then collapse, as efforts. Dweck found that kids who are told
in the cases of Rome, which went under in 476 they’re “smart” actually underperform in future
AD, and the British Empire, which fell apart tasks, by choosing easier tasks to avoid
more than a thousand years later in the post‐ evidence that they are not smart, which Dweck
World War II era. But is this always the case? calls having a “fixed mindset.” In contrast,
If so, archaeology would be pretty (B) [bored / Dweck found, kids who are praised not for their
boring]; one thing would happen again and smarts but for their effort develop what Dweck
again. But that’s not what archaeologists see. calls a “growth mindset.” They learn that their
Some civilizations end suddenly, like the Aztec effort is what led to their success, and if they
and Inca, (C) [conquered by / conquering] continue to try, over time they’ll improve and
invaders in the 1520s AD. Those empires never achieve more things. These kids end up taking
had the chance to collapse as a result of on tougher things, and feel better about
overexpansion. So, in the case of civilizations, themselves. “______________ gives a child a
“history repeats itself” seems to be a(n) (가) variable that they can control,” Dweck has
_______________. explained.

39. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법 또는 문맥에 맞 41. 윗글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?41)
는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?39) ① Criticism of effort can discourage children from
① (A) historic … (B) bored … (C) conquered by trying again.
② (A) historic … (B) boring … (C) conquering ② Talent-based praise may lead children to fear failure.

③ (A) historic … (B) bored … (C) conquering ③ External rewards often reduce intrinsic motivation in
④ (A) historical … (B) boring … (C) conquering children.

⑤ (A) historical … (B) boring … (C) conquered by ④ Praise for effort promotes children's achievement and
self-improvement.
⑤ Children improve most when they learn from their

mistakes without praise.

40. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (가)에 들어갈 단어를 쓰시오40)

42. 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시

→ _________________________ 오.42)

① Emphasizing effort
② Empathizing with a child
③ Focusing on the results

④ Praising a child for his or her academic achievement

⑤ Freedom
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
※ [39번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ [40번] 다음 지문을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

We have a ‘diving reflex’, like other marine There is a natural assumption of truth, or a
mammals. This means that special nerve truth bias when humans communicate with one
endings on our faces, around the mouth and another. ___(A)___, when we’re listening to

nose, (A) [triggers / trigger] this reflex only others or reading their words, our automatic

when the facial region goes under water. If we assumption is that the other person is telling
the truth. This usually works out fine. If you
are in the water with our head out in the air,
ask someone where the restroom is located or
there is no diving reflex. But if we sink just
if it’s raining outside, you can safely assume
our face in a bowl of water, while the rest of
that most people will not lie in their responses.
our body is in dry air, the diving reflex is
(가) 만약 당신이 그들이 당신에게 말하는 모든 것
triggered. It automatically closes down the
이 거짓이라고 가정한다면 누군가와 대화하는 것이
airway, (B) [reduces / reducing] the risk of
얼마나 어려울지 상상해 보라! ___(B)___,
swallowing water, and it narrows the small
questioning the truth of a statement and then
air-passages in the lungs. At the same time
choosing not to believe it requires additional
the heart rate is slowed to half speed and blood mental steps. For the most part, humans are
is shunted to vital organs, (C) [protects / “cognitive misers,” which means we typically
protecting] them from the effects of the brief don’t expend more mental effort than seems
stop in breathing. By contrast, if a chimpanzee necessary in a given situation. It makes sense
or gorilla found itself with its face below the then that when we see something online, even
water surface, it would panic, (가) 그것의 심장 if it is fake, our default is to believe it, at
이 빨리 뛰고 금방 익사할 것이다. least at first.

43. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 45. 윗글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 45)

가장 적절한 것은?43) ① (A) For example … (B) However

① (A) triggers … (B) reduces … (C) protecting ② (A) That is … (B) Indeed

② (A) triggers … (B) reducing … (C) protects ③ (A) In other words … (B) However

③ (A) triggers … (B) reduces … (C) protects ④ (A) In other words … (B) Therefore

④ (A) trigger … (B) reducing … (C) protects ⑤ (A) In other words … (B) For example

⑤ (A) trigger … (B) reducing … (C) protecting

46. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (가) 부분을 [조건]과 [보기]를 참조하

44. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (가) 부분을 [조건]과 [보기]를 참조하 여 영작하시오.46)

여 영작하시오.44)
[보기] was / be / how / everything / Imagine /

[보기] race / heart / quickly / its / drown / it / false / converse / with / you / were / if / you /

would / and / would telling / to / they / that / would / assumed /

someone / it / difficult

→ _______________________________________ (9자) → _______________________________________ (21자)

_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
<삽입> 49. [20번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
47. [18번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.49)
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.47)
Putting a wastebasket next to our front door
You’ll also find lots of benches and areas for made mail sorting slightly more convenient, and
resting and staying cool. I stopped procrastinating with this chore.

Dear Dog Owners, my name is Lily Paxton, and People often ask me, “What surprises you most
I’m the town’s Pet Program Coordinator. ( ① ) about habits?” One thing that continually
As part of our goal to make the community astonishes me is the degree to which we’re
more dog-friendly, we recently opened a new influenced by sheer convenience. ( ① ) The
dog park. ( ② ) The park was designed to amount of effort, time, or decision making
provide an enjoyable experience for both dogs required by an action has a huge influence on
and owners. ( ③ ) There are big grassy areas habit formation. ( ② ) To a truly remarkable
where your dogs can run, jump, and play. ( ④ extent, we’re more likely to do something if it’s
) We have separate spaces for small dogs and convenient, and less likely if it’s not. ( ③ )
big dogs to ensure safety. ( ⑤ ) We hope you For this reason, we should pay close attention
will have a wonderful time with your dogs in to the convenience of any activity we want to
this newly opened park. Regards, Lily Paxton, make into a habit. ( ④ ) Many people report
Pet Program Coordinator. that they do a much better job of staying close
to distant family members now that tools like
group chats make it easy to stay in touch. ( ⑤
48. [19번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
)
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.48)

When she approached the counter, the airline

employee asked to see her passport.

Maya waited in line to check in for her flight. (

① ) Her expectations about her European
backpacking trip were really high. ( ② ) She
had been looking forward to the trip for a year.
( ③ ) She couldn’t wait to visit museums in
Madrid and see the Eiffel Tower at night in
Paris. ( ④ ) As she stood in line, she could
feel those experiences were finally so close. (
⑤ ) Maya reached into her pocket but felt
nothing. She realized she had left her passport
at home. Her plans were ruined. She was
heartbroken, knowing she could not board the
flight and had to delay her dream trip.
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
50. [21번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
Imagine following the spirit of a silence vow
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.50)
into daily life. ( ① ) Challenge yourself to
Of course, our internal thoughts don’t always spend an entire day saying only what you
predict our public behavior, but, overall, what absolutely must say. ( ② ) We miss what’s
we do obviously reflects what we think. being said because we’re mentally rehearsing
our next utterance. ( ③ ) What if you could

It is common sense that people’s inner beliefs eliminate the idea that the next available

may drive their external behavior. ( ① ) If mini-silence is your next opening to express

you’re attracted to a certain person, you should whatever is in your head? What if you were

be more likely to socialize with that person. ( limited to, say, fifty spoken words tomorrow? I

② ) If you favor a brand of toothpaste, you’re think you’d listen quite differently. ( ④ ) You'd

more likely to buy it. ( ③ ) But beliefs and attend quite carefully to every word you heard.

behaviors are also related in a more remarkable ( ⑤ ) You'd be attuned to what you must

way. ( ④ ) It turns out that the arrow is as respond to. You might discover that the less

likely to point in the reverse direction. ( ⑤ ) you say, the more you hear.

As social psychologist David Myers observes,

“If social psychology has taught us anything
52. [23번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
during the last 25 years, it is that we are
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.52)
likely not only to think ourselves into a way of
acting but also to act ourselves into a way of Knowing this fact is interesting, but it will do
thinking.” nothing for your personal health unless you act
on it and actually exercise.

51. [22번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에

Science is concerned with accumulating and
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.51)
understanding observations of the physical
It’s been widely observed by behavioral world. ( ① ) That understanding alone solves
psychology experts — and anyone who’s ever no problems. ( ② ) Individual people have to
been on a first date — that we too often tend act on that understanding for it to help solve
to treat “conversation” as a game of waiting for problems. ( ③ ) For instance, science has
our own turn to speak. found that regular exercise can lower your risk
of heart disease. ( ④ ) And that’s the hard
part. ( ⑤ ) Reading an article about exercise is
easy. Getting into an actual routine of regular
exercise is harder. In this sense, science really
solves no problems at all. Problems are only
solved when people take the knowledge
provided by science and use it. In fact, many of
humanity’s biggest problems are caused by lack
of action, and not lack of knowledge.
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
53. [24번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 54. [29번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.53) 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.54)

Every human brain is different. This kind of deep but organized understanding
allows for greater flexibility in learning and
We think we’re being logical, objective, and facilitates application across multiple contexts.
rational — and therefore accurate in our
analysis, judgment, and decisions. ( ① ) So we Studies of experts provide insight into what it
think that if other people are logical, objective, means to have deep and flexible understanding.
and rational, they will agree with us and see ( ① ) Experts in a particular domain are people
what we see. ( ② ) But the opposite is the who have deep, richly interconnected ideas
case. ( ③ ) Everyone’s life experience is about the world. ( ② ) They are not just good
different. ( ④ ) Everyone’s desires and thinkers or people who are exceptionally smart.
knowledge are different. ( ⑤ ) You might think ( ③ ) Rather, experts have knowledge in a
you’re being realistic — that is, that your ideas specific domain—such as chess, chemistry, or
match reality, but that’s impossible. It’s only tennis—and are not generalists. ( ④ ) However,
your interpretation of reality, which will always experts do not just know “a bunch of facts.” In
be different from someone else’s. When two fact, having expertise in a topic means that
nations play each other in the World Cup, the knowledge is organized into coherent
fans of each country criticize the referees for frameworks, and the expert understands the
missing all the infractions that the other team interrelationship between facts and can
commits. Without fail, each fan base believes distinguish which ideas are most central. ( ⑤ )
that the referees are biased against their team.
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
55. [30번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 56. [31번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.55) 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.56)

For example, in the 1950s it was found that He relates that these natives tend to perform
crime rates were the highest in neighborhoods poorly at tasks Westerners have been trained to
where immigrants were most numerous. do since childhood.

It is natural for people to observe happenings In everyday life, we use previous experience to
and then seek explanations for why those predict where we should pay attention. ( ① )
happenings occurred. ( ① ) But sometimes the Different environments create different
reasoning is wrong because of one or more expectations. ( ② ) This was profoundly
misconceptions. ( ② ) One of these is the illustrated by the scientist Jared Diamond in his
ecological fallacy, where an argument claims book Guns, Germs, and Steel. ( ③ ) He
that there is a causal relationship between two describes an adventure wandering through the
things merely because they occur together. ( ③ New Guinea jungle with native New Guineans. (
) Some people used this “co-occurrence” to ④ ) But they are hardly stupid. ( ⑤ ) They
argue that immigrants were a cause of crime. ( can detect the most subtle changes in the
④ ) But a careful analysis of this situation jungle, good for following the tracks of a
revealed that immigrants were forced to live in predator or finding the way back home. They
neighborhoods where crime rates were already know which insects to leave alone, know where
high; they could not afford more expensive food exists, can build and tear down shelters
housing in safer neighborhoods. ( ⑤ ) with ease. Diamond, who had never spent time
Immigrants themselves committed very few of in such places, has no ability to pay attention
the crimes. Unless you analyze the claim to these things. Were he to be tested on such
carefully, you would misinterpret the tasks, he also would perform poorly.
relationship and thereby construct a faulty
belief.
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
57. [32번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 58. [33번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.57) 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.58)

While many of them are quick to realize that A house mouse can become a mother when she
their initial prices are too high, not all these is just five weeks old, has four to ten pups per
people are happy or willing to drop their prices litter, and can have a new litter every two
to make their products more attractive. months over the course of her approximately
twelve-month life.
Most entrepreneurs put in tremendous amounts
of time and effort in creating and launching new In most respects, humans are one of a
products and services and then make the relatively small number of species that evolved
mistake of overpricing them. ( ① ) They have a very different strategy of investing more
created something they care deeply about, it’s energy to reproduce more slowly. ( ① ) Like
theirs, and this powerful sense of ownership apes and elephants, we mature at a leisurely
distorts their perception of value which causes pace, grow large bodies, and have few babies
them to overprice their products. ( ② ) And but devote much time and energy to raising
this can be a very costly mistake that may lead them well. ( ② ) This unusual strategy
to the failure of their new business. ( ③ ) succeeds because while apes and elephants
When you launch a new product or service, produce fewer babies than mice, a larger
your priority should be to get sufficient market percentage of their offspring survive to then
adoption as soon as possible, and you should be reproduce. ( ③ ) However, the vast majority of
ready to sacrifice your initial prices and profits her pups die young. ( ④ ) In contrast, a chimp
to achieve this aim. ( ④ ) Once you have or elephant mother does not reproduce until she
strong sales volumes, you can increase your is at least twelve years old, and she gives birth
prices to maximize your profits. ( ⑤ ) to only one infant every five or six years over
the next thirty or so years. ( ⑤ ) About half
of these offspring make it to becoming parents.
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
59. [34번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 60. [35번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.59) 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.60)

This makes it possible for other scientists to Therefore, remembering is an imaginative

reconsider their data and possibly refute their process that involves building upon past
conclusions. experiences.

When scientists make an important new In the 1930s, the British psychologist Sir
discovery or experimentally prove some Frederic Bartlett asked people to listen to
hypothesis, they do not, in general, keep that folktales from other countries and then recall
information to themselves so that they alone these stories at a later date. ( ① ) As you
can consider its meaning and derive additional might guess, unfamiliar stories were not
theories from it. ( ① ) Instead, they publish remembered as well as familiar stories. ( ② )
their results and make their data available for Surprisingly, however, errors in memory were
inspection. ( ② ) More important, though, it not random. ( ③ ) Rather, subjects often
makes it possible for other scientists to use rewrote similar parts of the stories in their own
that data to construct new hypotheses and minds—particularly the parts that made the least
perform new experiments. ( ③ ) The sense to them. ( ④ ) Bartlett concluded that
assumption is that society as a whole will end when facing problems, humans draw upon
up knowing more if information is spread as mental schemata, or shelves of stored
widely as possible, rather than being limited to knowledge in our brains, to fill in any minor
a few people. ( ④ ) In a strict sense, every gaps in our memories. ( ⑤ )
scientist depends on the work of other
scientists. ( ⑤ )
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
61. [36번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 62. [38번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.61) 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.62)

Some civilizations end suddenly, like the Aztec Researchers trying to understand why people sit
and Inca, conquered by invaders in the 1520s where they sit or stand where they stand in
AD. subway and metro trains examined the factors
that shape the way riders used and navigated
History, people often say, repeats itself. ( ① ) that space in different situations.
And looking at the historical records of the
ancient civilizations, some things do seem to To monitor our surroundings is to focus on
happen again and again. ( ② ) Civilizations what’s outside of ourselves: what we see, hear,
expand, get overextended, and then collapse, as smell, feel, and perhaps even taste. ( ① ) But
in the cases of Rome, which went under in 476 sometimes what really marks a place is
AD, and the British Empire, which fell apart something less specific — a feeling within us. (
more than a thousand years later in the post‐ ② ) An interesting example emerged from a
World War II era. ( ③ ) But is this always the study of subway passenger behavior. ( ③ ) One
case? If so, archaeology would be pretty boring; of their findings involved the reasons many
one thing would happen again and again. ( ④ ) riders like to plant themselves close to the
But that’s not what archaeologists see. ( ⑤ ) train’s doors. ( ④ ) Partly this was the obvious
Those empires never had the chance to collapse convenience of being able to exit more quickly.
as a result of overexpansion. So, in the case of ( ⑤ ) But it was shaped partly by a more
civilizations, “history repeats itself” seems to be abstract sensation — the desire to avoid the
an oversimplification. sometimes uncomfortable feeling of accidentally
making eye contact with seated passengers. We
can’t see feelings — but they’re very real, and
they influence our experience of the world.
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
63. [39번] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 <순서>
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.63)
64. [19번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적
But if we sink just our face in a bowl of water,
절한 것을 고르시오.64)
while the rest of our body is in dry air, the
diving reflex is triggered. Maya waited in line to check in for her flight.
Her expectations about her European

We have a ‘diving reflex’, like other marine backpacking trip were really high. She had been

mammals. ( ① ) This means that special nerve looking forward to the trip for a year.

endings on our faces, around the mouth and

(A) When she approached the counter, the
nose, trigger this reflex only when the facial
airline employee asked to see her passport.
region goes under water. ( ② ) If we are in
Maya reached into her pocket but felt nothing.
the water with our head out in the air, there is
no diving reflex. ( ③ ) It automatically closes
(B) She couldn’t wait to visit museums in
down the airway, reducing the risk of
Madrid and see the Eiffel Tower at night in
swallowing water, and it narrows the small
Paris. As she stood in line, she could feel those
air-passages in the lungs. ( ④ ) At the same
experiences were finally so close.
time the heart rate is slowed to half speed and
blood is shunted to vital organs, protecting them
(C) She realized she had left her passport at
from the effects of the brief stop in breathing.
home. Her plans were ruined. She was
( ⑤ ) By contrast, if a chimpanzee or gorilla
heartbroken, knowing she could not board the
found itself with its face below the water
flight and had to delay her dream trip.
surface, it would panic, its heart would race,
and it would quickly drown. ① (A) - (C) - (B)
② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
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65. [20번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적 66. [21번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적
절한 것을 고르시오.65) 절한 것을 고르시오.66)

People often ask me, “What surprises you most It is common sense that people’s inner beliefs
about habits?” One thing that continually may drive their external behavior. If you’re
astonishes me is the degree to which we’re attracted to a certain person, you should be
influenced by sheer convenience. The amount of more likely to socialize with that person.
effort, time, or decision making required by an
action has a huge influence on habit formation. (A) But beliefs and behaviors are also related in
a more remarkable way.
(A) For this reason, we should pay close
attention to the convenience of any activity we (B) If you favor a brand of toothpaste, you’re
want to make into a habit. more likely to buy it. Of course, our internal
thoughts don’t always predict our public
(B) To a truly remarkable extent, we’re more behavior, but, overall, what we do obviously
likely to do something if it’s convenient, and reflects what we think.
less likely if it’s not.
(C) It turns out that the arrow is as likely to
(C) Putting a wastebasket next to our front point in the reverse direction. As social
door made mail sorting slightly more convenient, psychologist David Myers observes, “If social
and I stopped procrastinating with this chore. psychology has taught us anything during the
Many people report that they do a much better last 25 years, it is that we are likely not only
job of staying close to distant family members to think ourselves into a way of acting but also
now that tools like group chats make it easy to to act ourselves into a way of thinking.”
stay in touch.
① (A) - (C) - (B)
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
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67. [22번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적 68. [23번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적
절한 것을 고르시오.67) 절한 것을 고르시오.68)

Imagine following the spirit of a silence vow Science is concerned with accumulating and
into daily life. Challenge yourself to spend an understanding observations of the physical world.
entire day saying only what you absolutely must That understanding alone solves no problems.
say. Individual people have to act on that
understanding for it to help solve problems.
(A) It’s been widely observed by behavioral
psychology experts — and anyone who’s ever (A) Problems are only solved when people take
been on a first date — that we too often tend the knowledge provided by science and use it.
to treat “conversation” as a game of waiting for In fact, many of humanity’s biggest problems are
our own turn to speak. We miss what’s being caused by lack of action, and not lack of
said because we’re mentally rehearsing our next knowledge.
utterance.
(B) For instance, science has found that regular
(B) You'd be attuned to what you must respond exercise can lower your risk of heart disease.
to. You might discover that the less you say, Knowing this fact is interesting, but it will do
the more you hear. nothing for your personal health unless you act
on it and actually exercise. And that’s the hard
(C) What if you could eliminate the idea that part.
the next available mini-silence is your next
opening to express whatever is in your head? (C) Reading an article about exercise is easy.
What if you were limited to, say, fifty spoken Getting into an actual routine of regular exercise
words tomorrow? I think you’d listen quite is harder. In this sense, science really solves no
differently. You'd attend quite carefully to every problems at all.
word you heard.
① (A) - (C) - (B)
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
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69. [24번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적 70. [29번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적
절한 것을 고르시오.69) 절한 것을 고르시오.70)

We think we’re being logical, objective, and Studies of experts provide insight into what it
rational — and therefore accurate in our means to have deep and flexible understanding.
analysis, judgment, and decisions. So we think Experts in a particular domain are people who
that if other people are logical, objective, and have deep, richly interconnected ideas about the
rational, they will agree with us and see what world.
we see. But the opposite is the case.
(A) However, experts do not just know “a
(A) It’s only your interpretation of reality, bunch of facts.” In fact, having expertise in a
which will always be different from someone topic means that knowledge is organized into
else’s. When two nations play each other in the coherent frameworks, and the expert understands
World Cup, the fans of each country criticize the the interrelationship between facts and can
referees for missing all the infractions that the distinguish which ideas are most central. This
other team commits. Without fail, each fan base kind of deep but organized understanding allows
believes that the referees are biased against for greater flexibility in learning and facilitates
their team. application across multiple contexts.

(B) Everyone’s desires and knowledge are (B) Rather, experts have knowledge in a
different. You might think you’re being realistic specific domain—such as chess, chemistry, or
— that is, that your ideas match reality, but tennis—and are not generalists.
that’s impossible.
(C) They are not just good thinkers or people
(C) Every human brain is different. Everyone’s who are exceptionally smart.
life experience is different.
① (A) - (C) - (B)
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
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71. [30번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적 72. [31번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적
절한 것을 고르시오.71) 절한 것을 고르시오.72)

It is natural for people to observe happenings In everyday life, we use previous experience to
and then seek explanations for why those predict where we should pay attention. Different
happenings occurred. But sometimes the environments create different expectations. This
reasoning is wrong because of one or more was profoundly illustrated by the scientist Jared
misconceptions. Diamond in his book Guns, Germs, and Steel.

(A) Immigrants themselves committed very few (A) But they are hardly stupid. They can detect
of the crimes. Unless you analyze the claim the most subtle changes in the jungle, good for
carefully, you would misinterpret the relationship following the tracks of a predator or finding the
and thereby construct a faulty belief. way back home.

(B) Some people used this “co-occurrence” to (B) They know which insects to leave alone,
argue that immigrants were a cause of crime. know where food exists, can build and tear
But a careful analysis of this situation revealed down shelters with ease. Diamond, who had
that immigrants were forced to live in never spent time in such places, has no ability
neighborhoods where crime rates were already to pay attention to these things. Were he to be
high; they could not afford more expensive tested on such tasks, he also would perform
housing in safer neighborhoods. poorly.

(C) One of these is the ecological fallacy, (C) He describes an adventure wandering
where an argument claims that there is a causal through the New Guinea jungle with native New
relationship between two things merely because Guineans. He relates that these natives tend to
they occur together. For example, in the 1950s perform poorly at tasks Westerners have been
it was found that crime rates were the highest trained to do since childhood.
in neighborhoods where immigrants were most
① (A) - (C) - (B)
numerous.
② (B) - (A) - (C)

① (A) - (C) - (B) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)

② (B) - (A) - (C) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)

③ (B) - (C) - (A) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

④ (C) - (A) - (B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
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73. [32번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적 74. [33번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적
절한 것을 고르시오.73) 절한 것을 고르시오.74)

Most entrepreneurs put in tremendous amounts In most respects, humans are one of a relatively
of time and effort in creating and launching new small number of species that evolved a very
products and services and then make the different strategy of investing more energy to
mistake of overpricing them. They have created reproduce more slowly. Like apes and elephants,
something they care deeply about, it’s theirs, we mature at a leisurely pace, grow large
and this powerful sense of ownership distorts bodies, and have few babies but devote much
their perception of value which causes them to time and energy to raising them well.
overprice their products.
(A) However, the vast majority of her pups die
(A) And this can be a very costly mistake that young.
may lead to the failure of their new business.
(B) This unusual strategy succeeds because
(B) When you launch a new product or service, while apes and elephants produce fewer babies
your priority should be to get sufficient market than mice, a larger percentage of their offspring
adoption as soon as possible, and you should be survive to then reproduce. A house mouse can
ready to sacrifice your initial prices and profits become a mother when she is just five weeks
to achieve this aim. Once you have strong sales old, has four to ten pups per litter, and can
volumes, you can increase your prices to have a new litter every two months over the
maximize your profits. course of her approximately twelve-month life.

(C) While many of them are quick to realize (C) In contrast, a chimp or elephant mother
that their initial prices are too high, not all does not reproduce until she is at least twelve
these people are happy or willing to drop their years old, and she gives birth to only one infant
prices to make their products more attractive. every five or six years over the next thirty or
so years. About half of these offspring make it
① (A) - (C) - (B)
to becoming parents.
② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ① (A) - (C) - (B)
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
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75. [34번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적 76. [35번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적
절한 것을 고르시오.75) 절한 것을 고르시오.76)

When scientists make an important new In the 1930s, the British psychologist Sir
discovery or experimentally prove some Frederic Bartlett asked people to listen to
hypothesis, they do not, in general, keep that folktales from other countries and then recall
information to themselves so that they alone can these stories at a later date. As you might
consider its meaning and derive additional guess, unfamiliar stories were not remembered
theories from it. Instead, they publish their as well as familiar stories.
results and make their data available for
inspection. (A) Surprisingly, however, errors in memory
were not random.
(A) This makes it possible for other scientists
to reconsider their data and possibly refute their (B) Bartlett concluded that when facing
conclusions. problems, humans draw upon mental schemata,
or shelves of stored knowledge in our brains, to
(B) The assumption is that society as a whole fill in any minor gaps in our memories.
will end up knowing more if information is Therefore, remembering is an imaginative
spread as widely as possible, rather than being process that involves building upon past
limited to a few people. In a strict sense, every experiences.
scientist depends on the work of other
scientists. (C) Rather, subjects often rewrote similar parts
of the stories in their own minds—particularly
(C) More important, though, it makes it possible the parts that made the least sense to them.
for other scientists to use that data to construct
① (A) - (C) - (B)
new hypotheses and perform new experiments.
② (B) - (A) - (C)

① (A) - (C) - (B) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)

② (B) - (A) - (C) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)

③ (B) - (C) - (A) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

④ (C) - (A) - (B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
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77. [36번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적 78. [37번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적
절한 것을 고르시오.77) 절한 것을 고르시오.78)

History, people often say, repeats itself. And Stanford psychology professor Dr. Carol Dweck
looking at the historical records of the ancient is the internationally recognized pioneer of the
civilizations, some things do seem to happen concept of “growth mindset” as a way to
again and again. continually grow, learn, and persevere in our
efforts.
(A) But that’s not what archaeologists see.
Some civilizations end suddenly, like the Aztec (A) “Emphasizing effort gives a child a variable
and Inca, conquered by invaders in the 1520s that they can control,” Dweck has explained.
AD.
(B) Dweck found that kids who are told they’re
(B) Civilizations expand, get overextended, and “smart” actually underperform in future tasks, by
then collapse, as in the cases of Rome, which choosing easier tasks to avoid evidence that
went under in 476 AD, and the British Empire, they are not smart, which Dweck calls having a
which fell apart more than a thousand years “fixed mindset.” In contrast, Dweck found, kids
later in the post‐World War II era. But is this who are praised not for their smarts but for
always the case? If so, archaeology would be their effort develop what Dweck calls a “growth
pretty boring; one thing would happen again and mindset.” They learn that their effort is what
again. led to their success, and if they continue to try,
over time they’ll improve and achieve more
(C) Those empires never had the chance to things.
collapse as a result of overexpansion. So, in the
case of civilizations, “history repeats itself” (C) These kids end up taking on tougher things,
seems to be an oversimplification. and feel better about themselves.

① (A) - (C) - (B) ① (A) - (C) - (B)

② (B) - (A) - (C) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
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79. [38번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적 80. [39번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적
절한 것을 고르시오.79) 절한 것을 고르시오.80)

To monitor our surroundings is to focus on We have a ‘diving reflex’, like other marine
what’s outside of ourselves: what we see, hear, mammals. This means that special nerve endings
smell, feel, and perhaps even taste. But on our faces, around the mouth and nose, trigger
sometimes what really marks a place is this reflex only when the facial region goes
something less specific — a feeling within us. under water.

(A) An interesting example emerged from a (A) It automatically closes down the airway,
study of subway passenger behavior. reducing the risk of swallowing water, and it
Researchers trying to understand why people sit narrows the small air-passages in the lungs.
where they sit or stand where they stand in
subway and metro trains examined the factors (B) At the same time the heart rate is slowed
that shape the way riders used and navigated to half speed and blood is shunted to vital
that space in different situations. organs, protecting them from the effects of the
brief stop in breathing. By contrast, if a
(B) But it was shaped partly by a more abstract chimpanzee or gorilla found itself with its face
sensation — the desire to avoid the sometimes below the water surface, it would panic, its
uncomfortable feeling of accidentally making eye heart would race, and it would quickly drown.
contact with seated passengers. We can’t see
feelings — but they’re very real, and they (C) If we are in the water with our head out in
influence our experience of the world. the air, there is no diving reflex. But if we sink
just our face in a bowl of water, while the rest
(C) One of their findings involved the reasons of our body is in dry air, the diving reflex is
many riders like to plant themselves close to triggered.
the train’s doors. Partly this was the obvious
① (A) - (C) - (B)
convenience of being able to exit more quickly.
② (B) - (A) - (C)

① (A) - (C) - (B) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)

② (B) - (A) - (C) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)

③ (B) - (C) - (A) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

④ (C) - (A) - (B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
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81. [40번] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적
절한 것을 고르시오.81)

There is a natural assumption of truth, or a

truth bias when humans communicate with one
another. In other words, when we’re listening to
others or reading their words, our automatic
assumption is that the other person is telling the
truth.

(A) Imagine how difficult it would be to

converse with someone if you assumed that
everything they were telling you was false!
Indeed, questioning the truth of a statement and
then choosing not to believe it requires
additional mental steps.

(B) This usually works out fine. If you ask

someone where the restroom is located or if it’s
raining outside, you can safely assume that most
people will not lie in their responses.

(C) For the most part, humans are “cognitive

misers,” which means we typically don’t expend
more mental effort than seems necessary in a
given situation. It makes sense then that when
we see something online, even if it is fake, our
default is to believe it, at least at first.

① (A) - (C) - (B)

② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
정답과 해설 [해설] 비교 대상이 당신의 현실 해석(your interpretation)과
타인의 현실해석이므로 someone else's (=someone else's
1) with → provide A for B = provide B with A입니다. B와 interpretation)이 되어야 합니다. 's를 빼고 쓰면 ‘당신의
A의 위치를 바꾸었습니다. 현실 해석’과 ’타인‘을 비교하는 셈이 되므로 틀린 문장이
2) ③ 됩니다. / criticize의 주어는 the fans(복수명사)이다. 그렇
[해설] (A) be designed to R ~하도록 고안되었다/만들어졌다 기 때문에 s를 붙이지 않은 복수형 동사를 사용하여야 합니
는 의미입니다. (B) 원문에서는 where였으나 이를 전치사+ 다.
관계대명사로 변형하였습니다. 이 또한 옳은 문법입니다.
(C) '새롭게 열린' 이라는 뜻이기 때문에 과거분사로 수식해 18) ④
야 합니다. 'the part was opened'가 성립하기 때문입니다. [해설] 논리적, 객관적이며 합리적인

3) ⑤ 19) ①
[해설] (A) 지문의 시점보다 이전에 기다렸다는 의미이므로 과 [해설] (A) 원문에서의 Instead를 동의어로 바꾸었습니다. (B)
거완로(진행)을 사용해야 합니다. (B) approach는 타동사로 원문에서의 However를 동의어로 바꾸었어요.
써 목적어 앞에 전치사를 사용하지 않습니다. (C) as she
knew that she could not ~이 분사구문이 된 것입니다. 20) ⑤
능동태 형태였으므로 knowing이 옳습니다. [해설] 원문에서의 have deep, richly interconnected ideas
about the world를 동의어 표현으로 바꾸었습니다.
4) ⑤
[해설] ⑤ 원문 asked to see her passport를 의미에 맞도록 21) (가): flexible (나): flexibility
22) ②
변형하였습니다. (수업 중에 언급하였습니다.) 23) It is natural for people to observe happenings and
then seek explanations for why those happenings
5) ⑤
occurred
[해설] ⑤ 습관에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것은 편리함이다. 24) ④
[해설] For example의 동의어인 For instance로 변형하였습니
6) One thing that continually astonishes me is the
다.
degree to which we’re influenced by sheer
convenience 25) ③
7) conveniently → convenient, easily → easy
8) ④ [해설] ① pay attention = give attention 이므로 동의어로 변
[해설] ④ 원문의 in the reverse direction을 동의어 표현으로 형하였습니다. ② illustrate = demonstrate 이므로 동의어
변형하였습니다. 로 변형하였습니다. ③ wonder 궁금해하다 wander 배회하
다, 떠돌다의 의미이므로 서로 바꿔 쓸 수 없습니다.
9) ③ wandering으로 바꿔야 합니다. ④ 원문에서의 hardly를 동
10) no matter what → whatever, attend quite carefully 의어로 변형하였습니다. = hardly, rarely, seldom,
→ attend quite carefully to scarcely입니다. ⑤ 원문에서의 with ease = easily로 변형
[해설] 원문에서는 whatever is in your head였습니다. 여기 했습니다.
서의 whatever 절은 명사절의 역할을 하고 있기 때문에
anything that is in your head로는 바꿀 수 있지만 부사 26) has never spent → had never spent, If he was to be
절 역할을 하는 no matter what is in your head로는 바 → If he were to be
꿀 수 없습니다. / attend는 타동사로는 '~에 출석하다'는 [해설] 다이아몬드가 정글을 떠돌던 과거 시점을 기준으로 더
의미를 갖지만, attend to ~는 '~에 신경쓰다'는 의미를 갖 이전에 있었던 사건을 나타내므로 과거완료(had p.p)가 사
습니다. 해당 문장은 후자의 의미를 필요로 하므로 목적어 용이 되어야 합니다. / 원문처럼 Were he to be 또는 If
앞에 to를 표기해야 합니다. he were to be~가 되어야 합니다. were to 가정법 또는 가
정법 미래라고 부르는 문법입니다.
11) You might discover that the less you say, the more
you hear 27) ⑤
12) ④ [해설] 많은 기업이 제품과 서비스를 과대평가하는 실수를 저지
[해설] ④ 문제를 해결하는 것은 그 지식을 행동으로 옮길 때만 르며, 이는 사업 실패를 초래할 수 있다.
가능하다.
28) not all these people are happy or willing to drop
13) ① their prices to make their products more attractive
[해설] ① observations 관찰 observance 준수 ③ will do 29)
nothing = won't do anything 변형하였습니다. ⑤ lack [해설] 인간은 에너지 투자를 통해 천천히 번식하며 자녀 양육
부족 absence 부재 : 비슷한 표현이므로 변형하였습니다. 에 많은 시간을 들이는 전략을 택했다

14) Problems are only solved when people take the 30) a few → few, raising → rising
knowledge provided by science and use it [해설] a few '소수의, 약간의' few '거의 없는'입니다. 지문의
15) (Only) when people take the knowledge provided by 의미는 '아이를 거의 낳지 않는다'의 의미이므로 few가 사용
science and use it are problems solved 되어야 합니다. / rise는 자동사로 '오르다'는 의미를 갖습니
16) ④
다. raise는 타동사로 '키우다, 양육하다'입니다. 뒤에 목적
[해설] 우리는 자신이 객관적이라고 생각해도 타인과 다른 해석
어가 있으므로 타동사가 사용되어야 합니다.
을 하게 된다.
31) About half of these offspring make it to becoming
17) else → else's, criticizes → criticize
parents
YOUTUBE 매튜쌤의 영어수업 제공
32) ④ 69) ⑤
[해설] ④ 과학: 공유를 통한 발전 70) ⑤
71) ⑤
72) ④
33) This makes it possible for other scientists to 73) ④
reconsider their data and possibly refute their 74) ②
conclusions 75) ①
34) it makes it possible for other scientists to use that 76) ①
77) ②
data to construct new hypotheses and perform new 78) ③
experiments 79) ①
35) ① 80) ④
[해설] 기억은 과거 경험을 바탕으로 상상력을 동원하여 재구성 81) ②
하는 과정이다.

36) subjects often rewrote similar parts of the stories in

their own minds—particularly the parts that made
the least sense to them
37) ③
[해설] ③ random → not random

38) ③
[해설] (A) 동의어 표현으로 변형하였습니다. rather = instead

39) ⑤
[해설] (A) historical 역사와 관련된, 역사의 historic 역사적으
로 중요한 (B) boring 지루하게 하는 bored (주어가 / 수식
받는 명사가) 지루한 (C) invaders에 의해서 정복이 되었다
는 의미의 분사구문이기 때문에 수동태 분사구문을 사용해
야 합니다.

40) oversimplification
41) ④
[해설] 노력에 대한 칭찬이 아이들의 성취와 자기 개선을 촉진
한다.

42) ①
43) ⑤
[해설] (A) endings가 주어이기 때문에 -s가 붙지 않은 복수형
동사를 사용해야 합니다. (B), (C) 뒤에 목적어가 있으며 앞
문장이 완전한 형태이므로 분사구문이 되어야 합니다. -ing

44) its heart would race, and it would quickly drown

45) ②
[해설] (A) 원문에서의 In other words와 동의어로 변형하였습
니다.

46) Imagine how difficult it would be to converse with

someone if you assumed that everything they were
telling you was false
47) ⑤
48) ⑤
49) ④
50) ③
51) ②
52) ④
53) ③
54) ⑤
55) ③
56) ④
57) ②
58) ③
59) ②
60) ⑤
61) ⑤
62) ③
63) ③
64) ②
65) ②
66) ②
67) ①
68) ③