


 J‫א‬
262
 262 ‫א‬

EF‫א‬ 

 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ?   ?EF ‫א‬     ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ?‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 262 ‫א‬

EF‫א‬ 



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K٪90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬_‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬4 W‫א‬‫א‬

 KW‫א‬‫א‬

-1-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

W
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 1 J1‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W1-1
 WW1-1
(Magnetic Field)W‫א‬‫ א‬
،2 J1–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬:2-1

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

(Spectrum) ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3 J1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3-1
(Flux Φ)W‫א‬‫ א‬
KEWeberF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4 J1‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

  Ф
 ‫א‬‫ א‬4-1

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

E HF‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.1-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬
 HdL  NI 1-1
   HdL  NI W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 H‫א‬‫א‬(N=1)‫א‬
I
H 1-2
2r
 L=2пrL‫א‬r‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬HL=I‫א‬

 
 5-1
 
 I‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬
 N I W6 J1‫א‬ (Toroid)‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
NI ba
 HL   NI  2rH  NI → H
2 r
r
2
1-3

-4-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬6-1
 (AT)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(NI)‫א‬‫א‬
WBE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 
1 J4‫א‬A‫א‬Φ‫א‬‫א‬
 B   1-4
A
 E Tesla F Wb / m 2 L
 
 WH‫א‬‫א‬ B‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K          
 Wµ‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬
 H  B h / m 1-5

 :(Permeability) μ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 (Magnetic permeability)‫א‬‫א‬ μ
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،(Magnetization curve)‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬
7-1K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-5-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬7-1
 W1 J6‫א‬
     o  r 1-6
‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   0  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    r 
 W(Absolute permeability)
   o  4 10  7 1-7
 W‫א‬HB‫א‬‫א‬
  B  0 H 1-8
:(Magneto-motive-force m.m.f) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K‫א‬
W (Ampere.turn: At) K‫א‬
  MMF  Fm  NI 1-9
 :(Magnetic reluctance) Rm ‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F N .I
Rm  m  1-10
 
L‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬μ‫א‬A

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

  Rm  L 1-11
A
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2-1
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
m.m.f =Fm ‫א‬ e.m.f =E ‫א‬
Rm 
L ‫א‬‫א‬ L ‫א‬‫א‬
A R
A
F . ‫א‬‫א‬ E ‫א‬‫א‬
 m I
Rm R
 ‫א‬ I ‫א‬
B J
A A

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1-1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬8-1‫א‬W1-1
 Fm‫א‬
  Fm  NI  Rm  1-12

 
 
Fm
  Rm
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W8-1
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Air-gap)K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9-1‫א‬W2-1
 Fm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  MMF  Fm  NI  H iron Liron  H gap Lgap  Riron   R gap  1-13

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Rgap‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RcW
 
 
 
Fm
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W9-1
 W‫א‬‫א‬W3-1
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Hysterisis‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬:1-3-1
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    10-1 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، I ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W10-1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-8-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Kh Ph=KhvBmnƒW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬
n،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Bm،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 2.51.5‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬       K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬ReReIe2‫א‬Ie‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W1-1
   ، 30x20cm     ‫א‬    11-1 
2Ω25‫א‬5cm
 W‫א‬، 0,008T ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬24V
 ‫א‬‫ א‬.1
،‫א‬‫א‬ .2
 K‫א‬‫ א‬.3

 11-1
 11-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
L = 2( 20 + 5 + 30 - 5 ) = 100 cm = 1 m W‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
A = (5 x 10-2)2 = 25x10-4 m2
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
  I  V  24  12 A      ‫א‬ J1
R 2

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

NI 25 12
H   300 A / m       ‫א‬ J2
L 1
    BA  0.008  25 10  4  0.00002 Wb ‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 
W2-1
K A=3cm2 D=50cm‫א‬E12-1F‫א‬
 W‫א‬K1500‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2A‫א‬600
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J5
 
 
 
 
12-1

- 10 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 L = πD = πx50X10-2 = 1.57 m W‫א‬ L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 A= 3x10-4 m2 μr=1500 μo=4π 10-7 N=600 I=2 A 
 2.78 10 6 At / wb  ‫א‬‫ א‬.1
L 1.57
Rmag  
 r  o A 1500(4 10  7 )(3)10  4 )

 Fm = NI = 600x2 =1200 At‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.2

  H  Fm  1200  763.33 At / m ‫א‬‫א‬ .3

L 0.0157

   Fm  1200  4.32  10  4 wb  ‫א‬‫ א‬.4

R
mag
2.78  10 6

4
  B    4.32  10  1.44 Tesla  K‫א‬‫א‬ .5
A 3  10  4
 

- 11 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (3
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (4
K‫א‬ (5
6 ‫א‬          ‫א‬   (6
‫א‬ ‫א‬  KL 12 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K  0,00015 ‫א‬    0,5 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ، 20      ‫א‬   (7
 15‫א‬K 5 x 3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K12 1,4
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ W‫א‬ ، 0,006 ‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 0,0002 ‫א‬‫א‬ (8
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  2.5 ‫א‬   2 100 ‫א‬
.500 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 

- 12 -
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

2
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .8
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .9
 
 ٪90‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K6W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 

- 13 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬1-2
‫א‬  (core)         ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E1 J2F‫א‬
‫א‬، (Magnetic flux)‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
(Primary winding) ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،N1
 KN2(Secondary winding)
 

N1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ N2‫א‬‫א‬

V1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V2‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬1-2
 

- 14 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬1 -1-2
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Power transformers)‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬W2-2
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   (Electronic transformers) ‫א‬  
K       ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬KW3-2
‫א‬‫א‬ (Instrument transformers)‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ .1
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ .2
  .3
  .4
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ .1
‫א‬ .2

 

 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬W4-2
 
Ideal Transformer      W‫א‬‫א‬2-2
K‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    5 J2   K‫א‬ ‫א‬     
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W5-2
d
v1  e1  N 1 2-1
dt
- 16 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

d
 v 2  e2  N 2 2-2
dt
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬e2e1،‫א‬ N2 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬N1
2.2 ‫א‬  2.1 ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ v2  v1 ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
v1 e1 N 1
  a 2-3
v 2 e2 N 2
N1
 ‫א‬   N1>N2  ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬     a   
N2
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬  ‫א‬   N2>N1  ‫א‬  ،
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
S 1  S 2  V1 I 1  V 2 I 2 → a  V1 
I 2 N1
 2-4
V2 I1 N 2

 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4.2‫א‬
I2
V1  aV2  I 1  2-5
a
 W1K2
‫א‬‫א‬K 120V، 5KVA 480/120 v  ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
  S1  S 2  V1 I 1  V2 I 2  5KVA  5000VA  V1  480V , V2  120V  ‫א‬
 E I 2 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(2.4)‫א‬
S 5000
  I2    41.67 A
V2 120
N 1 V1 480
 a     4 W‫א‬‫א‬
N 2 V2 120

 WE5.2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  I1  I 2 
41,67
 10.42 A
a 4

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1 -2-2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (t )   m sin t 2-6
 W‫א‬‫א‬1.2‫א‬
e1 (t )  N 1 m cost 2-7
 ‫א‬f،ω=2πf 
 e1 (t )  2N 1  m f sin(t  90 o )  2 E1 sin(t  90 o ) 2-8
 We1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1
2
E1  N 1  m f  4.44 N 1 m f 2-9
2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E 2  4.44 N 2  m f 2-10

 2-2
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  60Hz –240V/120V  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬ 5mWb‫א‬
 W‫א‬
V1 240V
  N1    180tr W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
4.44 f m (4.44)(60 Hz )(5  10 3 )

  N 2  N1 
180
 90tr      N 2 2.4‫א‬
a 2
 3-2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 50Hz‫א‬
0.04 Wb‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  20cm 
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
3000/220V
Φ =0.04 Wb A=20x20=400cm2 E1=3000 V E2=220V   W‫א‬
 E1 = 4.44fΦN1 → N1=3000/ (4.44X50X0.04) =338 turns
E2 = 4.44fΦN2 → N2=220/ (4.44X50X0.04) =25 turns   

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2-2-2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2.5‫א‬‫א‬
 KW(load impedance)Z2
 KW(load impedance)Z2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ S1  S 2  V1 I 1  V2 I 2 ‫א‬‫א‬
V2
Z2  ‫א‬ V1  a2
V2
 a 2 Z 2  Z 2' 2-11
I2 I1 I2

 ZL = Z2‫א‬ Z´2 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6.2

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
+

V1 Z'L Z L'  a 2 Z L

  -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W6-2
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K90o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 4-2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬40‫א‬500‫א‬‫א‬25kVA‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ – ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ، 3000  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 S=25kVA N1 = 500 N2=40 V1=3000V  ‫א‬
a
V1 N1 500
   12.5 → V2 
3000
 240V
V2 N 2 40 12.5
S 25  10 3
 aI 1  12.5  8.33  104.13 A → I 1 
S
I2    8.33 A
V2 V1 3000
3000
    0.027wb → E1  V1 4.44 fN 1
4.44x 50x 500

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 5-2
‫א‬ 60Hz 440/110V  5KVA‫א‬
W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬cosα=0.840A
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  S= 5KVA V1/V2=440/110V f=60 Hz I2=40 A cosα =0.8  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V2  110V 
I 2  40 cos 1 0.8 A → I 2  4036.87 o A
V1 N1 440 N 1
   4 → I 1  2 I 2   10 A
V2 N 2 110 N1 4

  Z 2  V2 
110
 2.75        ‫א‬
I2 40

 Z  a
2
2
Z 2  (4) 2 (2.75)  44      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V1 440
Z 2    44 
I1 10

 
   Real Transformer     ‫א‬‫א‬3-2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 R2  R1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L  L ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2 1

 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ m ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E7.2F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ X L 2  X L  1

- 20 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W7-2
 
 Ro  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ Xo  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  7-2 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ Im ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،     ‫א‬   Io  Ia ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W8-2
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬8-2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9-2

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W9-2

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ V2'  aV2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ I 2'  I 2
a
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Z 2'  R2'  jX 2'  a 2 R2  ja 2 X 2

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1-3-2
،I2‫א‬‫א‬ I e ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E R1  jX 1 F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K2.10‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W10-2
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 10.2   Xeq1 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Req1 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Req1  R1  R 2  R1  a 2 R 2 2-12
X eq1  X 1  X 2'  X 1  a 2 X 2 2-13
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Z L  a 2 Z L 2-14
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1 1 1
 X 1  2
X 1  R1  2 R1  I 1  I 1  V1  aV1 2-15
a a a
Req2‫א‬‫א‬،11.2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬ Xeq2‫א‬‫א‬
X eq 2  X 1  X 2  Req 2  R1  R2 2-16

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W11-2
 W6-2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬400/2000V ،100KVA‫א‬
X2=0.75 Ω R2=0.25 Ω X1=0.03 Ω  R1=0.01 Ω
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kcosα=0.82000V‫א‬90KVA‫א‬
 K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
  R1=0.015 Ω X1=0.035 Ω       W‫א‬
2 2
 400   400 
R 2  a R2  
2
 0.25  0.01 X 2  a X 2  
2
 0.75  0.03
 2000   2000 
Req=R1+R’2=0.015+0.01=0.025Ω Xeq=X1+X’2=0.035+0.03=0.065 Ω
 400 
The voltage V2=2000 V; → V1  aV2  2000   400V
 2000 
N2  2000 
The current I2=SL/V2=90.103/2000 = 45 A→ I 1  I2   45  225 A
N1  400 
The power factor = cosα = 0.8 lagging → I 1  225  36.87 o
V1 = V’1 + I’1 (Req+ j Xeq)  4000  225  36.87 o (0.025  J 0.065)
 4000  225  36.87 o * 0.0768.96 o  4000  15.7532.1o
 400  13.34  J 8.37  413.34  J 8.37  413.421.16V

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 
 
 W
V1 I1Xeq
 
Req I1  
V1'
 W12-2
Transformer operation ‫ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل‬:2-3-2
No load operation ‫ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻼﺣﻤﻞ‬
E‫א‬ F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Po  V1 I o cos  o 2-17
 W‫א‬‫א‬Ro‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V1 V1
Ro   2-18
I a I o cos o

 W‫א‬‫א‬Xo‫א‬
V1 V1
Xo   2-19
I m I o sin  o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Io‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- 24 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 
 ‫א‬W13-2
 

 Load operation   ‫א‬‫א‬ 

I2 ‫א‬  I'2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ZL
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Io‫א‬
  
I 1  I 2  I a 2-20
 W‫א‬I2‫א‬
V2
I2  2-21
ZL
 K14.2‫א‬‫א‬
 

- 25 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W14-2
 
 Transformer regulation    ‫א‬ 4-2

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
V2 ( noload )  V2 ( rated )
 Voltage Re gulation( PVR)   100 2-22
V2 ( rated )

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   V2(rated) 
W‫א‬V’1‫א‬‫א‬
V1  V2
Voltage Re gulation( PVR)   100 2-23
V2

 W‫א‬V’1
V1  V2  I 2 ( Req 2  jX eq 2 ) 2-24
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V1  V2
Voltage Re gulation ( PVR )   100 2-25
V2

 W‫א‬V1

- 26 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

V1  V2  I 2 ( Req1  jX eq1 ) 2-26

  Equivalent circuit parameters ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 5-2

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 The Open.Circuit Test   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1-5-2
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 KE2.15F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬W15-2

‫א‬‫א‬،Po‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Io‫א‬
Ro , ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WXo
 V1
 R o 
P  I  I cos  o Ia
 Po  I oVo cos  o → cos  o  o →  a o →  2-27
I oVo  I a  I o sin  o  R  V1
 m I m

Short circuit test ‫ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻘﺼﺮ‬2-5-2

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬٪12٪2
 E16.2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 27 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 
 ‫א‬W16-2
‫א‬‫א‬،Psc‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Req, Xeq   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ،Vsc ‫א‬‫א‬   ،Isc ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Psc
Psc  I sc2 Req → Req  2-28
I sc2
Vsc
Z sc   Req2  X eq2 → Z sc  Z eq2  Req2 2-29
I sc

 7-2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2300/230V500kVA
K2300V‫א‬،9.4A‫א‬ 2250W‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬94.5V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 8200W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Open circuit test: Vo = 2300V Io= 9.4A Po= 2250
Short circuit test: Vsc = 94.5V Isc= Irated Psc= 8200W
 
Po 2250
cos  o    0.1156 → o  cos 1 (0.1156)  83.36 o
I oVo 9.4  2300
V1 Vo 2300
Ro     2116
I a I o cos  o 9.4  0.1156
V1 Vo 2300
Rm     246.33
I m I o sin  o 9.4  0.9933
Psc 8220 → 500  10 3
Req    0.1739 I sc  I f .l   217.39 A
I sc (217.39) 2
2
2300
2
Vsc  94.5  → Xeq=0.3984Ω
Z sc   ( Req2  X eq2 )     (0.1739)  X eq
2 2

I sc  217.39 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 Losses and Efficiency     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6-2

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1-6-2
Cupper  ‫א‬  Iron losses ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،losses
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Po‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
  Piron = PoK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 Pcu = PscK‫א‬E٪53F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2
 I f .l  2-30
Pcu ( f .l )  Pcu ( sc )  

 I sc 
Efficiency      ‫א‬2-6-2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ output power‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
P2 P
  100 Z 2 x100 2-31
P2  Piron  Pcu P1

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬P1،‫א‬P2
P2  V2 I 2 cos  2 2-32
 KPower factor‫א‬cosφ2

- 29 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V2 I 2 cos  2
 2
100  2-33
V2 I 2 cos  2  Piron  I 2 Req

 
 8-2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2500W‫א‬‫א‬،500kVA‫א‬
 0.8 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K7500W
S=500 KVA Piron =2500W Pcu(f.l.)=7500 W cosφ=0.8
P2 =500*103*0.8=400000 W
P2 400000
  100   100  97.56%
P2  Piron  Pcu 400000  7500  2500

P2 (1/2) =200000W       ‫א‬

Pcu(x)=x2Pcu(f.l) → Pcu(1/2)=1/4*7500=1875W
P2 (1 / 2 ) 200000
 100  100  97.86%
P2 (1 / 2 )  Piron  Pcu (1 / 2) 200000  1875  2500

 9-2
 0,88.2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V2=230 V Pi=2250 W Req2=0.00173Ω Xeq2=0.00398Ω
 I2=500*103/230=2174A
 2174(173(0.8)  398(0.6))105 1  2174(398(0.8)  173(0.6)105 ) 2 
( PVR)      100  3.64%
 230 2 230  

   230 * 2174 * 0.8

2
* 100  97.46%
230 * 2174 * 0.8  2250  2174 * 0.00173

 
 Auto.transformer      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 7-2

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K17-2‫א‬
 K‫א‬K18-2
‫א‬‫א‬BC‫א‬ (N1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬17.2AB‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(N2)
 WK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
V1 N 1 I L
  2-34
V2 N 2 I 1
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
I 2  I L  I1 2-35
C‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
K“Variac”  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K17-2  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2,5 W1
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬W17-2
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W18-2
 

- 32 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.4
K‫؟‬‫א‬ .5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.6
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .7
‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .8
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .9
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ .10
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .11
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.12
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .13
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .14
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .15
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 60‫א‬‫א‬ .16
0,0001‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬25X20‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 2L
K3000L220‫א‬
‫א‬   o30 ‫א‬  10 ‫א‬  K1:4 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   .17
K  ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K 120   ،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

K400L2000‫א‬،50‫א‬ .18
‫א‬KK,8 2000 40
K‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬KW
‫א‬‫א‬ 6000L660‫א‬، 200‫א‬ .19
R1=1.56Ω R2=0.016Ω X1=4.67Ω X2=0.048Ω W‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ,263     ,96 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، 2300L230‫א‬، 500‫א‬ .20
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vo=230V Io=94A Po=2250W ‫א‬‫א‬K1 .a
Psc=9.2KW  Isc=228A Vsc=100V ‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

3
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .6
 
 ٪85‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K6W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬1 -3
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
- 35 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 K،1-3‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W1-3
 
  stator      ‫א‬‫א‬1-1-3

‫א‬‫א‬    ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

  rotor or armature ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2-1-3

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E1.3F‫א‬
 
  commutator ‫א‬‫א‬3-1-3

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 
 
 
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2-3‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 2-3‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 brushes       ‫א‬‫א‬4-1-3

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬5-1-3

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬،
ElectroMotive Force (E.M.F ) equation  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2 -3
    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 37 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

E b  k b  3-1

 k 
NP

ZP  ‫א‬‫א‬ka
a
A 2A

Z=2N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬N
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬P
‫א‬‫ א‬ф
n n
    2  rd / s ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ω
60 30
30
 n  rpm (rotation per minute‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬n

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬3 -3

equation
torque electromagnetic

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W3-3‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Te  kb I a 3-2

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   E Eb I a F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E T   F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
e

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K E shaft F ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬
Pa  Eb I a  k b  I a  Te 3-3

 
 W1-3
‫א‬K 12.5cm  25cm‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ kb = 73.53‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬75%
 W‫א‬0.5T‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬1000‫א‬‫א‬Eb‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Ia = 400 ‫ و اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬Ia ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬Pa‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 Eb = ka..Φω ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻗﻄﺐ‬ф ‫ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ و‬ω
n 1000
    2   2   104.72rad / s
60 60
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

2rl 2  12.5  10 2  25  10 2
  Ap   0.75   0.75  36.8  10 3
P 4
 ф= 36.8x10-3x0. 5 = 0.00183Wb W‫א‬‫א‬

 Eb = 73.53x 0.00183x104.72 = 140.8VW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

400
  Ic  Ia   100 A W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
A 4

  Te  k b    I a  73.53  0.0183  400  538 Nm W‫א‬‫א‬

  Pa  Eb  I a  140.8  400  56364 W W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

  Pa  Te    538  104 .72  56364 W W‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

  DC Motors      ‫א‬‫א‬4 -3

 W4-3‫א‬

 ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 E‫א‬F ‫א‬     ‫א‬      ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 5-3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W5-3‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ I B ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ F،‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬
F=BIL 3-4
‫א‬T‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Types of DC motors     ‫א‬‫א‬5 -3

 WE6-3‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
  ‫(ﻣﺤﺮك اﻟﺘﻮازي‬a)
 ‫( ﻣﺤﺮك اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻲ‬b)
‫(اﻟﻤﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﺮآﺐ‬c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6-3‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 
 DC shunt motor     ‫ ﻣﺤﺮك اﻟﺘﻮازي‬1-5-3
RshE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬7-3
‫א‬ Ra ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KRst‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬7-3
 
 W7-3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Eb  Vin  I a Ra
   3-5
I in  I a  I f

Eb  K b   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
    Eb  Vin  I a Ra   3-6
Kb K
b

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3-6‫א‬
‫א‬KI 8-3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 KII8-3
 
 
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬8-3
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vin  RaIa Vin RaIa
  Eb    3-7
Kb Kb K b K b

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬7-3‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
    Vin 7-3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Ia=0)‫א‬
Kb
‫א‬‫א‬  8-3K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 :‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W2-3

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

، 30‫א‬L 750 240 ‫א‬

 KK‫א‬‫א‬0,05‫א‬‫א‬
Vin = 240 V n = 750 rpm Ia = 30 A Ra = 0.05Ω
  Eb = Vin - IaRa = 240-(30x0.05) = 238.5 volt
 T = Eb Ia /ω ; ω=2πn/60 rad/sec → T =238.5x30/(2xπx750/60)=91.1N.m

 3-3
52‫א‬،500‫א‬
 0,04‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 0.03‫א‬‫א‬
 70‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬200
Vin=500V ; Iin=52A ; Φ=0.03Wb ; Ra=0.04Ω ; Rsh=200Ω
Ish = Vin/Rsh = 500/200 = 2.5 A Ia = Iin - Ish = 52.2.5 = 49.5 A
Eb = Vin - IaRa = 500- 49.5*0.04 = 498 V

Eb 498 30 30 * 237

Eb  K   →     237 rad / s →  n    2264rpm

b

Ka 70 * 0.03 3.14

T = Eb Ia/ω = 498 *49.5/237 = 104 N.m

 

DC series motor ‫ ﻣﺤﺮك اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻲ‬2-5-3

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 9-3
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W9-3
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

Eb = Vin – Ia (Ra + Rse) 3-8

 
 :Ia‫א‬،Ise‫א‬Φ‫א‬‫א‬Ia = Iin = Ise
 
Φ = α Ise = α Ia → T  K I a2 3-9

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

Eb V  I a ( Ra  Rse ) Eb  K b    K b I a
  in → 3-10
K b I a K b I a

‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬10-3
 
K10-3(parabola)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K (hyperabola ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
Vin R  Rse Vin R R
  a → n  T a 2 2se 3-11
T  I a  Ia

- 46 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

(T=0) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3-11‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W4-3
50‫א‬220‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ,1‫א‬ ,15 ‫א‬،L 1000‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬60‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪80‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vin= 220V ; Ia1=50A ; n1 =1000rpm ; Ra=0.15 Ω ;
Rse = 0.1Ω ; n2 = 0.8n1 ; Ia2 = 60A
Eb1 = Vin - Ia1 (Ra+Rse) = 220.50(0.15+0.1) = 207.5 V
Eb2 = Vin - Ia2 (Ra+Rse) = 220.60(0.15+0.1) = 205 V
T1 = Eb1Ia1/ω1 = 207.5*50/(2π*1000/60) = 99.07 N.m
T2 = Eb2Ia2/ω2 = 205*60/(2π*0.8*1000/60) = 146.82 N.m

 W5-3
52‫א‬ 220‫א‬‫א‬
 ،  0,018   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 30  ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K,1,2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ٪60  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

- 47 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

Vin = 220V ; Ia=52A ; ka=30 ; Φ=0.018 Wb ; Ra=0.2Ω ; Rse=0.1Ω ; T2=0.6T1 

Eb1 = Vin - Ia1(Ra+Rse) = 220 - 52(0.2+0.1) = 204.4V

Eb1 204.4 204.4
    378.5rad / s → Eb1  k b 
k  30  0.018 0.54
b

30 30  378.5
n   3616rpm
 3.14

T1 = Eb1Ia1/ω1 = 204.4x52/(378.5)=28 N.m

2 T2 I a22 I a22
TαIa →  0.6  2  → I a 2  0.6  (52) 2  40.3 A
T1 I a1 (52) 2

Eb2 = Vin - Ia2 (Ra+Rse) =220.40.3(0.2+0.1) = 208 V

Eb 2 n 2  2 n2 I a 2 208 n2  40.3 208  541  52
    → n2  = 710 rpm
Eb1 n1 1 n1 I a1 204.4 541 52 204.4  40.3

DC compound motor ‫ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﺮآﺐ‬3-5-3

 ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬  
 11 -3،،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬11 -3

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
E a  Vin  I a Ra  I in Rse 3-12

Vsh  I sh R sh  Vin  I in Rse 3-13

I in  I se  I a  I sh 3-14
Vin  I a Ra  I in R se
 3-15
K

‫א‬‫א‬
Eb  Vin  I a ( Ra  Rse ) 3-16
Vsh  I sh R sh  Vin 3-17
I in  I a  I sh 3-18
Vin  I a ( Ra  Rse )
 3-19
K

،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 :(Comulative compound motor)‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Φ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3.13،‫א‬‫א‬
 W(Level compound motor) 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ Φ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 13K3،‫א‬‫א‬
 W(Differential compound motor) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ΦK‫א‬
 K12-3‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬12-3
 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
Losses and Efficiency ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6 -3
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Mechanical loss ‫א‬‫א‬
 Copper loss ‫א‬‫א‬
Iron loss ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺮك‬1-6-3

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
(W).‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3.14 Input Power‫א‬
،Pg ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬Pg
Pg = Eb Ia and Pg = Pin.Pcu 3-20

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 Pmech‫א‬ Pg‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Piron 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬13-3KPout
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Pout HP * 746 Pout Pin  losses
   →   →   3-20
Pin Vin I in Pout  losses Pin

 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
o/p
 
HP
i/p IaEa
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ P mech+P i

 
ΔVI
I2seRse
I2shRsh
I2aRa
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬13-3
 W6-3
‫א‬‫א‬150‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   ٪91 ‫א‬  K 550     ،L 960
 W‫א‬KK,1‫א‬275
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
  K,2   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ٪60  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
HP=150 n=960rpm Vin=550V η=91% Rsh=275Ω Ra=0.1Ω
150  746 Pout
    Pin   122967 W → 
0.91 Pin
- 51 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

    I in  122967 / 550  223.6 A → Pin  Vin I in

Vsh Vin 550
I a  I in  I sh  223.6  2  221.6 A → I sh    2 A
Rsh Rsh 275

Pcu  I a2 Ra  I sh2 Rsh  (221.6) 2  0.1  (2) 2  275  6011 W

Plosses  Pin  Pout  122967  150  746  11067 W

Pmech  Pi  Plosses  Pcu  11067  6011  5056 W → Plosses  Pmech  Pi  Pcu

Eb  Vin  I a Ra  550  221.6  0.1  527.84 V
Eb I a Eb I a 527.84  221.6  60
T    1163.5 N .m K
 2n 2    960
60

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- 52 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -4
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ -5
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -6
‫؟‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -7
   540  ‫א‬   220K 4 ‫א‬    -8
 1 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ K 6     32 ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫–א‬‫–א‬0,03‫א‬‫א‬,9‫א‬
50 ‫א‬   L 500    220 ‫א‬    -9
K,2‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
784‫א‬ 4 K 250‫א‬ -10
‫א‬‫א‬ ,25، ,5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
40‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،25
K‫א‬
‫א‬، 100‫א‬L 850 240‫א‬ -11
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ,1 ،  ,15  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،30‫א‬‫א‬
‫ أﻣﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﻴﻌﻄﻲ ﺧﺮﺟﺎ ﻗﺪرﻩ‬55 ‫ ﻓﻮﻟﺖ ﻳﺴﺤﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻴﺎرا ﻗﺪرﻩ‬500 ‫ﻣﺤﺮك ﺗﻮازي‬ -12
‫ اﺣﺴﺐ‬.‫ أوم‬245 ‫ أوم وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬.,8 ‫ ﻓﺈذا آﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬،‫ ﺣﺼﺎن‬21
.‫اﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮدات اﻟﻨﺤﺎﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺮك ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
 
- 53 -
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 6W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
W
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Va  I a Ra
 4-1
Kv I f

 W
(V)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Va

() ‫א‬ Ra

(A) ‫א‬ Ia

(A) ‫א‬ If

(V/A-rad./sec)‫א‬ Ka

(rad./sec)‫א‬ 
W‫א‬‫א‬(1-4)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ :‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬          
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬

Pd, Va
Td

Ia

If

  
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W1-4
‫א‬‫א‬
 
?Ia? ‫א‬ ‫" وﺗﻴﺎر‬Va" ‫א‬ ‫" وﺟﻬﺪ‬Pd" ‫" واﻟﻘﺪرة‬Td"‫א‬‫א‬ 1-4
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ “” ‫א‬ “If”‫א‬
 ‫א‬  "Va" ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “If”‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

Single Phase Drives ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 J4

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬2-4  15K     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫ﻣﻮﺣﺪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮم‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2-4

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Single Phase Half Converter Drives ‫א‬
Single Phase Semi-converter       ‫א‬
Drives

Single Phase Full Converter Drives      ‫א‬

Single Phase Dual Converter Drives ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

  Single Phase Half Converter Drives  ‫א‬2-4

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬
 K0.5 KW‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  2-4  
‫א‬  “One quadrant”      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
W‫א‬،3-4
Vm
Va  1  Cos a  4-2
2

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Vf 
Vm
1  Cos  4-3

f

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬3-4
 
  ‫א‬   ،a    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   (4-4)    Kf  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4-4

Single Phase Semi-converter Drives ‫א‬ 3-4

‫א‬15 KW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬3 J4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
Vm
Va  1  Cos a  4-4

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Vf 
Vm
1  Cos  4-5

f

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
6 J4K(f)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(a)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(one quadrant)

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5 J4

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6 J4
 

W(1-4)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 60 Hz  208 V‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  150   ‫א‬   0.1  ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬   K700 rpm  75 Nm. ‫א‬  1.1 V/A-rad/sec
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 1400 rpm  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ .‫ت‬

‫א‬
 Ra = 0.1  Rf = 150  n = 700 rpm Vs = 208 V
Kv = 1.1 V/A.rad./sec. TL=75 N.m
W‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2n
Vm = 208 2 =294.156 V  = 73.3 rad/sec Td = TL = 75 N.m
60
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫أ‬
Vf
Vf 
Vm
1  Cos  = 187.266 V → If  = 1.248 Amp.

f
Rf
Ea = Kv  If = 100.62 V
Va = Ea + IaRa= 106.1 V
 a = 82.3o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(4-4)‫א‬

W(a = 0)‫א‬‫א‬ (‫ب‬

Vm
Va  1  Cos  = 187.266V → Ea = Va –IaRa= 181.8 V

a

Eb 181.8 60
=  =132.43 rad/sec → n= = 1264.655 rpm
K v I f (1.1)(1.248) 2
‫א‬‫א‬1400 rpm‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬

Ea = Va –IaRa= 181.8 V

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

2n 2 1400  Eb 181.8

   = = 146.6 rad/sec → If =  = 1.127A
60 60 K v  (1.1)(146.6)

 Vf = If.Rf = 169.1V → 169.1=93.633(1+Cos f) → f = 36.3o

Td = KvIfIa = 67.6 N.m

 Single PhaseFull ConverterDrives ‫א‬4-4

7-4           ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4)
 ‫א‬ " Q2" ،“Q1”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ “Q1, Q2”‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ “ ”‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   t 
‫א‬ “ +”‫א‬“Q3, Q4”‫א‬
K“2”‫א‬  “Q2”،“Q1”‫א‬،‫א‬
 K8 J4‫א‬‫א‬،
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬8 J4
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬90o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،90o
 15 KW ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K“Two quadrant”‫א‬‫א‬ 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE90o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2Vm
Va  Cos a   4-6

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 V f 
2Vm
Cos   4-7

f

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬8 J4
‫א‬

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 
W(2-3)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 60 Hz  440 V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  200   ‫א‬   0.2  ‫א‬  
‫א‬K60o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 50 Amp.‫א‬1.35 V/A-rad/sec
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K   
W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
‫א‬‫א‬20%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ .‫ت‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Vs = 440 V Ia = 50 Amp Rf = 200  Ra = 0.2 

a=60o Kb = 1.35 V/A.rad./sec. 

W‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vm = 440 2 = 622.25 V T d = TL
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (‫أ‬
(f=0o)
2V m Vf
Vf  Cos  = 396.14 V → If  = 1.98A

f
Rf
Td = Kb If. Ia = 133.65 Nm.

Eb = Va –IaRa= 188.7 V
E 188.7 60
= b  =70.36rad/sec → n= = 671.88rpm
K v I f (1.35)(1.98) 2
W‫א‬‫א‬20%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

Td =0.8(133.65) = 106.92 Nm.

Ia =0.8(50) = 40 Amp

Eb = Va –IaRa= 198.07-40(0.2) = 190.7 V

Eb 190.07 60
=  =71.1 rad/sec → n = = 679 rpm
K v I f (1.35)(1.98) 2

K180o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
f = 180o Eb = -190.07 V

Va = Eb + IaRa= -190.07+ 40(0.2) = -182.07 V

2Vm
- 182.07 = Va  Cos a  = 396.14Cos a  → a = 117.36o

  Ps = Pa = VaIa = 72828 Watt    ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  Single Phase Dual Converter Drives ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬5-4

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬   K‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،9-4‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،(Four quadrant) ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ia1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Va1‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F 90o
F Ia2‫א‬‫א‬EVa1F Va2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،EIa1
 K90o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ‬
‫اﻷول‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9 J4
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2V m
V a1  Cos  4-8

a1

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2V m
Va 2  Cos  4-9

a2

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2Vm
Vf  Cos  4-10

f

W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KF‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬10-4
 
‫א‬،10-4 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ Ton‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬ Toff ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ton
Vo 
T
Vs  kVs 4-11

‫א‬ Vs
‫א‬ Ton
‫א‬ Toff
‫א‬‫א‬ T
‫א‬ Vo
‫א‬ k

،‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬   (9-4) ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬IGPT, MOSFET, GTO،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
W

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬6-4
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 11-4  K   ‫א‬
    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،12-4  ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬    ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  13-4     K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4-13‫א‬
I s = k Ia 4-13

W(Pa) ‫א‬(Ps) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Ps = Pa = VsIs = VaIa = kVsIa 4-14

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬11-4

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬12-4

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 13-4
‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

W1 J5
 600 V‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  0.06  ‫א‬   0.04  ‫א‬   0.6   
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K200 N.m. ‫א‬  0.031V/A-rad/sec 
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  1000 rpm.  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 Ra = 0.04  Rf = 0.06  k= 0.6 Vs = 600 V‫א‬‫א‬
TL=200 N.m Ka= 0.031 V/A.rad./sec.
Td = TL = 75 N.mW  ‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(4-5)‫א‬(4-3)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
  Va= kVs = 0.6(600) =360 V       ‫א‬E

Te
Te = KaIa2 = I f = Ia = =80.322 Amp
Kv

Ea = Va –Ia (Ra+Rf) = 360 –80.322(0.1) = 351.968 V

Eb 60
 =141.245 rad/sec. → n =1348.79 rpm
Kv I f 2

  Ps= kVsIa = 0.6(600)(80.322) =28.916 KW  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

2n
 = 104.72 rad/sec
60
Ea = Kv If = 260.75V
Va
Va= Ea + IaRa = 268.78 V → k= = 0.448
Vs

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

Regenerative Braking  ‫א‬‫א‬7 J4

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  14 J4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫" ﻓﺈن‬Q"‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“D”‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬14 J4

   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    15-4 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬    
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
(12-4)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Va=Vch=(1-k)Vs 4-15

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Is = (1- k) Ia 4-16
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

Ps = Pg = VsIs = VaIa=(1 - k)VsIa 4-17

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬15-4
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Ea=Eg=Va+ IaRa=(1-k)Vs+Ia (Ra+Rf) 4-18

K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
0  E g  I a ( Ra  R f )  Vs
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(min)‫א‬‫ א‬
Eg – Ia(Ra+Rf)=0

KaIfmin - Ia(Ra+Rf)=0

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

I a ( Ra  R f )
 min  4-19
Kv I f

 :‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
( Ra  R f )
 min  4-20
Kv

(max)‫א‬‫ א‬
Eg – Ia(Ra+Rf)=Vs
KaIfmax - Ia(Ra+Rf)= Vs
Vs  I a ( Ra  R f )
 min  4-21
Kv I f

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

(max)‫א‬‫א‬(min)
W2 J5
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ 0.03 ‫א‬ 0.6‫א‬ 600 V‫א‬
‫א‬K250 A.‫א‬ 0.016V/A-rad/sec ‫א‬ 0.05 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Vs = 600 V ; k= 0.6 ; Rf = 0.05  ; Ra = 0.03 ; Ia=250A ; Ka=0.016/A.rad./sec.

(4-6)‫א‬(4-5)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
  Va=(1-k)Vs = 0.4(600) =240V    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
  Ps = Pg = VsIs = VaIa =(1 - k)VsIa = 48 KW   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

Eg = Va + Ia(Ra+Rf) = 256 V       ‫א‬

Eg 60
 =80 rad/sec. → n =763.94 rpm
Kv I f 2
   min ‫א‬‫א‬E
( Ra  R f ) 60
 min  = 5 rad/sec → nmin  =47.746 rpm
Kv 2
 max‫א‬‫א‬
V s  I a ( Ra  R f ) 60
 min  =192.5 rad/sec → n max  =1838.24 rpm
Kv I f 2

Dynamic Braking (‫ اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ )اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬8-4

E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 16-4 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬16-4

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 17-4 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    4-22 ‫א‬   (Ib) ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

4-23‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Ib = (1- k) Ia 4-22
Va=Vch=RbIa(1-k) 4-23
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pb = VbIb = (1 - k)2 Ia2 Rb 4-24

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬17 J4

W 3-5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 0.03 ‫א‬ 0.02 ‫א‬ 0.5‫א‬
6 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K120 A‫א‬ 0.016V/A-rad/sec 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

k= 0.5 Rf = 0.03  Ra = 0.02  Ia=120 Amp

Ka= 0.016 V/A.rad./sec. Rb = 6 

Vb=Vch=RbIa(1-k)= 6(120)(1-0.5)=360 V  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Pb = VbIb = (1 - k)2 Ia2 Rb = 21.6kW    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  Vb)max=Vch)max=RbIa= 6(120)=720V   ‫א‬

Eg = Va + Ia(Ra+Rf) = 366V       ‫א‬

Eg 60
 =190.625 rad/sec. → n  =1820.33 rpm
Kv I f 2

‫ اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ واﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻌﺎ‬9-4

Combined Dynamic and Regenerative Braking
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  “Q1”‫א‬ 18-4 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،“D” ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ “Q2”‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 “Q2”‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ “Rb”
K“Q1”

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬18-4

‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
19-4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 19-4

Q1،Q1, D1‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 OFF   Q1   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ON   
،Q2, D2‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ D1‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ON   Q2
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ OFF Q2‫א‬
D2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،E F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 20-4 KEF‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬20-4

‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ON Q1, Q2 ،OFF Q3, Q4 , Q21Q‫א‬‫א‬ 
،OFF‫א‬ Q1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬FD4Q2‫א‬‫א‬ONQ2 

‫א‬‫א‬W 
D2,Q4‫א‬،ON Q4 OFFQ1, Q2,Q3
D1, ‫א‬‫א‬،OFFQ4 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ D2

‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ON Q3, Q4،OFF Q1, Q2 , Q43Q‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
Q4‫א‬‫א‬ONQ4 OFF‫א‬Q3
E‫א‬‫א‬FD2

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 
Q2‫א‬ ON Q2  OFF Q1, Q3, Q4
‫א‬ ‫א‬ OFFQ2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ D4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D4, D3
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 208 V‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1.1 ‫א‬ 150  ‫א‬ 0.1 ‫א‬ 60 Hz
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K700 rpm  75 Nm.‫א‬ V/A-rad/sec
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1400 rpm‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ت‬
K
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
60 Hz 440 V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬200  ‫א‬0.2 ‫א‬
‫א‬K60o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 50 Amp.‫א‬1.35 V/A-rad/sec
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      
W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
‫א‬‫א‬20%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ .‫ت‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.‫أ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.‫ب‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.‫ت‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.‫ث‬
K
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.‫ج‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 600 V‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  0.05  ‫א‬   0.03  ‫א‬   0.6   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K70 A‫א‬0.031V/A-rad/sec 
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ت‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬20%‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ث‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  “DC chopper” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
0.05 ‫א‬0.03 ‫א‬660 V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 0.035V/A-rad/sec‫א‬
W‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬547 Nm
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ت‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬0.03 ‫א‬0.02 ‫א‬،660 V‫א‬
  ،250 A. ‫א‬  250 V ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  0.016V/A-rad/sec
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ت‬

 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬          
  0.03  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K5    “DC chopper”
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬14mV/A.rad/sec.‫א‬0.05 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 60%‫א‬ 350A
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
‫א‬ .‫ت‬

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 

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 EF‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

5
‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .4

K4W‫א‬‫א‬

KW‫א‬‫א‬

 
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 
 
 
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 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

Stepping Motors        ‫א‬1-5

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

‫א‬1-5
‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺤﺮك اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬1-1-5
  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
    ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   (Phases)
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  2-5 1-5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬2-5
W،‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻣﺤﺮآﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻮة ذات اﻟﻤﻤﺎﻧﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮة‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

Variable Reluctance MotorsW ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2-5

 ‫א‬‫א‬1-2-5
        ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،(Stacks)‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬   (Stack)   ، (Phases)   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬       
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3 J5K‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬3-5

‫א‬    ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬       3-5 ‫א‬
   K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ، 
       4-5 ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4-5

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2-2-5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ? 1?‫א‬
‫א‬? 2?‫א‬، ,‫א‬? 1?‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬?1?
‫א‬‫א‬،?2?‫א‬?1?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? 3?‫?א‬K 2?‫א‬
، ?3?‫א‬    ?2?‫א‬     ،?2?  ، ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F1  J3 J2 J1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬? 1?‫א‬
KE‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    5-5 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬ K‫א‬

1 2 3 1 2 3
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5-5
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬ K‫א‬

1 2 3 1 2 3
+ +
+ + + +
+ +
+ + + +
+ +
+ + + +
+ +
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6-5‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  6-5

W‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

  p  ‫א‬‫א‬ E  F    N  “Stacks” ‫א‬   ‫א‬
360
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Np

‫א‬ 30 6-6‫א‬‫א‬

360 360
   30 5-1
N  p 3 4
 :‫ ﻣﺤﺮآﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻮة ذات اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺪوار‬3-2-5
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،       ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬     8-6 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

Half Stepper Motor Full Stepper Motor  

 ‫א‬ 8-5
 
 Full Stepper Motor:‫ ﻣﺤﺮآﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬1-3-2-5
   ‫א‬‫א‬    ،  ‘A’  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
9-6‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‘A’‫א‬
EF 45‫א‬‫א‬، ‘B’‫א‬ ‘A’‫א‬.
‫א‬‫א‬، ‘B’ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
    ‘A’  ‫א‬   K9 J6 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،A,B,A-,B-,A,….‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9-5‫א‬
 
 Half Stepper Motor:‫ ﻣﺤﺮآﺎت ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬2-3-2-5
  10 J6 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ( A&B) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 10-5
 
 Hybrid stepper motor W‫א‬‫א‬3-5

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬11-5

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬، 11 J5‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،     ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
  ،   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،( A-A′ )‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ A′‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( B-B′)‫א‬
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬12-5
‫א‬،،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ( A-A′)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 13-5‫א‬‫א‬
، ( A′)‫א‬‫א‬ ( A )‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ( B-B′ )‫א‬
( B-B′ ) ‫א‬  ( A-A′ ) ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،( A-A′ ) ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
، ( B′ )‫א‬، ( B )‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ( 18˚ )‫א‬‫א‬
 ( B-B′ )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 13-5‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬13-5‫א‬( A-A′ )‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬13-5

 Stepper Motor Drive Circuits  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4-5

:14-5 ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺮآﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻮة ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮﻳﻦ اﺳﺎﺳﻴﻴﻦ آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫وهﻤﺎ‬
Microcontroller (‫ داﺋﺮة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ )داﺋﺮة ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ أو ﺣﺎآﻢ دﻗﻴﻖ‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

Driver ‫ داﺋﺮة اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺎت اﻟﻘﻮى‬

 ‫א‬14-5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 H-bridge‫א‬
 

 
 H-bridge 15-5

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1-4-5

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬16-5
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬16-5‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬MOSFET‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 Unipolar‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2-4-5

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬17-5

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   Bipolar  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3-4-5
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 18-5 
 

  Microstepping‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4-4-5

‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺤﺮآﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﻰ دﻗﺔ آﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ واﻟﺰاوﺑﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬
.19-5 ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬19-5

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺮآﺎت آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻓﻲ‬Microcontroller ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺎآﻤﺎت اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬
.20-5 ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺎآﻤﺎت اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬20-5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ج‬
K‫א‬ .‫د‬
KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ج‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫د‬
KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W3
K .‫أ‬
K .‫ب‬
K .‫ج‬
K .‫د‬
KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
K .‫ب‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ج‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ .‫د‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W5
K‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.‫ب‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬.‫ج‬

W

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W1
K‫א‬W2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W3
K‫א‬‫א‬W4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W6
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  21-5‫א‬‫א‬W 1 J5
   ‫א‬‫א‬ ،    ،‫א‬      ‫א‬
W‫א‬،
K‫א‬ .‫أ‬
K،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.‫ب‬
K،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.‫ج‬
K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫د‬
‫א؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ﻩ‬

21-5
 
W،22-6‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2 J5
‫א‬ .‫أ‬

- 101 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬.‫ب‬
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.‫ج‬
K،2‫א‬1‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ .‫د‬

22-5

- 102 -
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

6
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .8
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .10

K4W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
K

- 103 -
 ‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪262‬‬ ‫א‪‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪EF‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ 1-6‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺮآﺎت اﻟﺤﺜﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺘﺮآﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺮآﺎت اﻟﺤﺜﻴﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳﻪ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬وﻋﻀﻮ دوار ذو ﻗﻔﺺ ﺳﻨﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻮزﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺟﻴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻔﻴﺾ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻐﺮة اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺤﺮآﺎت ﻋﺰم ﻟﺒﺪء اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ إذا ﺑﺪأت ﺣﺮآﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺄي وﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﺴﻮف ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺪوران ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺪوران اﻟﺬي ﺑﺪأت ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 1-6‬آﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬

‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺪاﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﻻ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺧﻮاص اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﺠﻴﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﻐﺮة اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻴﺒﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻪ رﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪(1-7‬‬
‫) ‪B1  B1 max cos(t ). cos   1 B1 max cos(  t )  1 B1 max cos(  t‬‬ ‫‪6-1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷول اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ‪ 6-1‬ﻣﺠﺎﻻ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﺟﻴﺒﻴًﺎ داﺋﺮا ذو آﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻈﻤﻲ ‪ ،½ B1max‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺤﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﺟﻴﺒﻴًﺎ داﺋﺮا ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻲ‪ ،‬وﻳﺪور اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎهﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻀﺎدﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺣﻮل ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺜﻐﺮة اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴﺔ آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪.2-6‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :2-6‬آﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﺎﻟﻴﻦ دوارﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻀﺎدﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺰم واﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻟﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺧﻮاص اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬
‫اﻟﺤﺜﻲ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪3-6‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 3-6‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ اﻟﻌﺰم ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎﻟﻴﻦ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ واﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪- 104 -‬‬

 ‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪262‬‬ ‫א‪‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪EF‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪ دور اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺪوار ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺮك ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ دوراﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺪارهﺎ ‪ N‬ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ دوران اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺬي ﻳﺪور‬
‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ‪ ،Ns‬ﻓﺎن اﻻﻧﺰﻻق اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺎوﻳﺎ إﻟﻰ‬
‫‪sf = s = (Ns-N)/Ns‬‬ ‫‪6-2‬‬
‫وﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻻﻧﺰﻻق ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ‪ sb‬ﻣﺴﺎوﻳﺎ‪sb = 2 - s :‬‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل ‪:1-6‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺮك ﺣﺜﻲ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ 60Hz , 230V ،‬ذو زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻗﻄﺎب ) ‪ ( 2p = 4‬ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻧﺰﻻق ﻣﻘﺪارﻩ ‪ s = 0.04‬اﺣﺴﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .i‬اﻻﻧﺰﻻق ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ‪sb‬‬
‫‪ .ii‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ‪Ns‬‬
‫‪ .iii‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .i‬اﻻﻧﺰﻻق ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ) ‪(sb = 2 - s‬‬

‫‪i - Slip for the backward field  s b  2 - s  2 - 0.04  1.96‬‬

‫‪60  f 60  60‬‬
‫‪ii - The synchronous speed  N s ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 1800 rpm‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪iii - The motor speed  N   1 - s  N s  0.96 1800  1728 rpm‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪W‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮآﺎت اﻟﺤﺜﻴﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺗﺼﻨﻒ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺒﺪء ﺣﺮآﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ أﺳﻤﺎء ﺗﺼﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻟﺒﺪء ﺣﺮآﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻧﺘﻨﺎول وﺻﻒ ﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺤﺮآﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺤﺜﻴﺔ أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‪:‬‬

‫‪Split-Phase Motor ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 2-6‬א‪‬א‪W‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻣﺸﻄﻮر اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬اﻷول هﻮ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ هﻮ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ )أو ﻣﻠﻒ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ(‪ ،‬آﻞ ﻣﻦ هﺬﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﻣﻮزع ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮري اﻟﻤﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﺗﺴﻌﻮن درﺟﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺮاغ‪،‬‬

‫‪- 105 -‬‬

 ‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪262‬‬ ‫א‪‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪EF‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ 4-6‬آﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ وﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺎت ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺮك ﻣﺸﻄﻮر اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 4-6‬ﻓﺈن ﺗﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﺘﻘﺪم ﻋﻦ ﺗﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة أوﻻً‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﻤﺎ ان ﺗﻴﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻤﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺰن‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﻣﺤﺮك ذو وﺟﻬﻴﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺰن‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫دوار‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﺰم دوران ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪء دوران اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 5-6‬آﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 5-6‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ اﻟﻌﺰم‪/‬اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻣﺸﻄﻮر اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﺣﺮآﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﻣﻌًﺎ ﺗﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻘﻮة اﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮآﺰي‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك إﻟﻰ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ وﺳﺒﻌﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ )‪ (75%‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ‪ ،‬وﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪوران ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻤﺤﺮآﺎت ذات اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﺸﻄﻮر‪ ،‬أن ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﺰم ﺑﺪء ﺣﺮآﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ وﺗﻴﺎر ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺑﺪء‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮاوح واﻟﺸﻔﺎﻃﺎت وﻣﻀﺨﺎت اﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮآﺰي وﻓﻲ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ زواﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل ‪:2-6‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮك ﺣﺜﻲ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ 50 Hz , 110-V ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﺸﻄﻮر اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪأ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪- 106 -‬‬
 ‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪262‬‬ ‫א‪‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪EF‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Zm = 1.2 + j 25 Ω‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬

‫‪Za = 12 + j 5 Ω‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬

‫اﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪأ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ﻓﻲ آﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ واﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺮك‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻘﺪرة‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮق اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﺎري اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ واﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬

‫‪V1‬‬ ‫‪1100‬‬ ‫‪1100‬‬

‫‪Im ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 4   87.252Amp.‬‬
‫‪Zm‬‬ ‫‪1.2  j 25 25.0387.252‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬

‫‪V1‬‬ ‫‪1100‬‬ ‫‪1100‬‬
‫‪Ia ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 8.46  22.62 Amp.‬‬
‫‪Za‬‬ ‫‪12  j 5 1322.62‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺤﻮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‪:‬‬

‫‪It  Im  Ia‬‬
‫‪I t  4  87.25  8.46  22.62 o  ( 0.192  j 3.995 )  7.81  j 3,254 ‬‬
‫‪ 8.02  j 7.25‬‬ ‫‪ 10.8 - 42.11o Amp.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻘﺪرة‪ ‬‬

‫‪The power factor  cos - 42.11  0.742‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺮق اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﺎري اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ واﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪   m -  a   87.25   22.62   64.63o‬‬
‫‪I m lags I a by 64.62 o‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪- 107 -‬‬

 ‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪262‬‬ ‫א‪‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪EF‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Capacitor Motors‬‬ ‫‪ 3-6‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪W‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺎت ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺧﻮاص وأداء اﻟﻤﺤﺮك اﻟﺤﺜﻲ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬أﺛﻨﺎء ﺑﺪء اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ أو أﺛﻨﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪ ،‬أوآﻼهﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻠﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Capacitor –Start Motor‬‬ ‫‪ 1-3-6‬اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ذو ﻣﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﺒﺪء‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﺤﺼﻞ اﻟﻔﺎرق اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‪ ،‬آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪.6-6‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ أﻳﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ آﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﺪث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫‪6-6‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨ‬
‫ي‬
‫اﻟﻌﺰم‪/‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺮ‬
‫ك ذو‬
‫ﻣﻜﺜﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺪء‬

‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪ‬
‫م هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺮآﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻮاﻏﻂ واﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت وﻓﻲ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﺰم آﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﺒﺪء ﺣﺮآﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪Permanent-Capacitor Motor‬‬ ‫‪ 2-3-6‬اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ذو اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﺪاﺋﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ذو اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﺪاﺋﻢ ﺗﻈﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺮك‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء ﻋﻦ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮآﺰي‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺸﺎر أﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪.7-6‬ﻳﺒﻴﻦ آﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت ﻣﻊ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺧﻮاص اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‪.‬‬

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 ‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪262‬‬ ‫א‪‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪EF‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 7-6‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ اﻟﻌﺰم‪/‬اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺮك ذو اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﺪاﺋﻢ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻤﻢ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة واﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ أﺳﺎس اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪ ،‬وﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ذو وﺟﻬﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺨﺘﻔﻲ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻲ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة‪ ،‬آﻤﺎ ﺗﺨﺘﻔﻲ أﻳﻀﺎ اﻟﻀﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫آﺎن ﻳﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﺤﺮآًﺎ هﺎدئ اﻟﺼﻮت أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪ ،‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﺪاﺋﻢ إﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻘﺪرة أﺛﺘﺎء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺮآﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ هﺪوًا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻮت أﺛﻨﺎء‬
‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪Two-Value Capacitor Motor‬‬ ‫‪ 3-3-6‬اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ذو اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﻴﻦ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ذو اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﻴﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻜﺜﻔﻴﻦ أﺣﺪهﻤﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬واﻵﺧﺮ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺮك‪ .،‬ﻳﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 8-6‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ هﺬﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﻴﻦ‪ ،‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺧﻮاص اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‪،‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 8-6‬آﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ وﺧﻮاص اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ذو اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﻴﻦ‬

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 ‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪262‬‬ ‫א‪‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪EF‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺮآﺎت أآﺜﺮ آﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻼ هﺎدﺋ ًﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻋﺰم آﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﺒﺪء اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜـﺎل ‪:3-6‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺮك ﺣﺜﻲ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ذو ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺪﻩ ‪ 127‬ﻓﻮﻟﺖ وﺗﺮددﻩ ‪ 60‬هﻴﺮﺗﺰ‪ ،‬ﺛﻮاﺑﺖ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺒﺪء‪:‬‬

‫‪Z m  4.2  j 3.8‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Z a  8.8  j 3.2 ‬‬

‫اﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﺒﺪء اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻲ زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﻘﺪارهﺎ ﺗﺴﻌﻮن درﺟﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﺎري اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﺎوﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﺎوﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن‪:‬‬
‫‪ 3 .8 ‬‬
‫‪ m  tan 1 ‬‬ ‫‪  42.14‬‬
‫‪o‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪a  90  m  47.86 o‬‬

‫ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ‪ Xc‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ X c  3.2 ‬‬ ‫‪X c  3.2‬‬

‫‪tan 1 ‬‬ ‫‪  47.86‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ tan 47.86  1.1  Xc  1.1 8.8  3.2  12.93‬‬
‫‪ 8.8 ‬‬ ‫‪8.8‬‬

‫ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪Xc ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ c‬‬ ‫‪ 205F‬‬
‫‪ . c 2 f c‬‬ ‫‪12.93  377‬‬

‫‪Shaded-Pole motor‬‬ ‫‪ 4-6‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻣﻦ أﻗﻄﺎب ﺑﺎرزة ﻣﻠﻔﻮف ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬آﻞ ﻗﻄﺐ ﻣﻘﺴﻮم إﻟﻲ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺠﺮي ﺻﻐﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ إﺣﺎﻃﺔ ) ﺗﻄﻮﻳﻖ ( ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ آﻞ ﻗﻄﺐ ﺑﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻘﺼﻮرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﻤﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻈﻠِﻞ )‪ ، (Shading Coil‬آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪.9-6‬‬

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 ‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪262‬‬ ‫א‪‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪EF‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 9-6‬ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ وﺧﻮاص اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ذو اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ‬

‫ﺗﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﻈﻠِﻞ ﺗﻴﺎرات ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺟﺰء اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺑﻚ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻲ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ ) اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ ( زﻣﻨﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ دوار ﻳﺘﺤﺮك ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺰء ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﺰم‬
‫دوران ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ دوران اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‪ .‬ﻳﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 9-6‬ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‪ ،‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺰم‬
‫واﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ هﺬا اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﺑﺮﺧﺺ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ وﺑﺴﺎﻃﺔ اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺐ‪ ،‬وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮاوح اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة وﻣﻀﺨﺎت اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﻴﻔﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ وﻏﺴﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻼﺑﺲ‪.‬‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
KKKK،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W1
K‫א‬‫ א‬.‫أ‬
K‫ א‬.‫ب‬
K‫ א‬.‫ج‬
K‫ א‬.‫د‬
KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2
K .‫أ‬
K .‫ب‬
K‫א‬ .‫ج‬
K‫א‬ .‫د‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 3
KKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬.‫أ‬
K‫ א‬.‫ب‬
K‫ א‬.‫ج‬
K‫ א‬.‫د‬
KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W4
K‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
K‫א‬ .‫ب‬
K‫א‬ .‫ج‬
K‫א‬ .‫د‬
KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W5
K‫א‬ .‫أ‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ج‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ .‫د‬
- 112 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

K .‫ﻩ‬
KKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W6
K‫ א‬.‫أ‬
K‫ א‬.‫ب‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬.‫ج‬
K‫ א‬.‫د‬
KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W7
K‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
K‫א‬ .‫ب‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬.‫ج‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬.‫د‬

KKKKKKKK‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W8
K‫א‬‫ א‬.‫أ‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬.‫ج‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬.‫د‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
K‫א‬ .‫ج‬
K‫א‬ .‫د‬
 
 
 
 

- 113 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬ 

W
K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W1-6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2-6
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W3-6
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W4-6
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W5-6
‫א‬ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 6-6
K‫א‬‫א‬

‫( ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬2p = 6) ‫ ذو ﺳﺘﺔ أﻗﻄﺎب‬50-Hz, 230-V, ‫ ﻣﺤﺮك ﺣﺜﻲ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬: 1-6 ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
:‫ اﺣﺴﺐ‬s = 0.05 ‫ﺑﺎﻧﺰﻻق ﻣﻘﺪارﻩ‬
.( sb ) ‫ اﻻﻧﺰﻻق ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ‬.i
Ns ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ‬.ii
.‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬.iii
‫ ﺛﻮاﺑﺖ‬، 60Hz ‫ وﺗﺮددﻩ‬120V ‫ ﺟﻬﺪﻩ‬،‫ ﻣﺤﺮك ﺣﺜﻲ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ذو ﻣﻜﺜﻒ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ‬: 2-6 ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
:‫اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺒﺪء‬
‫ ( ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﺎري‬80˚) ‫اﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ اﻟﺒﺪء اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻲ زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﻘﺪارهﺎ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻮن درﺟﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

Z m  4.2  j 3.6  Za  8.4  j 3.0 

.‫اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 60 Hz, 130-V،‫א‬ W3-6 
W‫א‬
Zm = 1.2 + j 26 Ω ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬
Za = 12.5 + j 6 Ω ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ اﻟﻘﺪرة‬،‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻘﺪرة‬،‫ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺮك‬،‫ ﺗﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬: ‫اﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ‬
.‫ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﺎري اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ واﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬،‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ‬
 
 

- 114 -
 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬ 

1- Electric Machines: G. R. Slemon and A. Straughan,

Eddison-Weslley, 1980

2- Electrical Machines and Transformers-Principles and

applications; P. F. Ryff, D. Platnick, and J. A. Karnas,
Printice Hal

3- Power Electronics and Motor Control: W. Shepherd, L.M.

Hulley, and D.T. W Liang, Cambridge, 1995

4- Electric Motors and Drives: Fundamentals, types and

applications, Austin Hughes, Heinemann Newnes, 1990

a. -‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ – ‫ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺔ ﺁﻻت آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺻﻐﲑة اﻟﻘﺪرة‬

‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻘﲏ واﳌﻬﲏ‬ ‫إدارة اﳌﻨﺎهﺞ واﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ – اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬
b. -‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ – ‫ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺔ ﺁﻻت اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ واﶈﻮﻻت‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻘﲏ واﳌﻬﲏ‬ ‫إدارة اﳌﻨﺎهﺞ واﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ – اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬

‫ إدارة اﻟﻤﻨﺎهﺞ واﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ – اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺪرﻳﺐ‬-‫ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻵﻻت – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬c.
‫اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ واﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬
EF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬

 

1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1
2 W 1 J1
7 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2 J1
8 ‫א‬‫א‬ 3 J1
13   ‫א‬‫א‬ 2
14       ‫א‬ 1 J2
16        W‫א‬‫א‬ 2 J2
20        W‫א‬‫א‬ 3 J2
25       ‫א‬ 4 J2
26       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 5 J2
28         ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6 J2
30         ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 7 J2
34     ‫א‬‫א‬ 3
35        ‫א‬‫א‬ 1 J3
37       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2 J3
38        ‫א‬‫א‬ 3 J3
40        ‫א‬‫א‬ 4 J3
41         ‫א‬‫א‬ 5 J3
49         ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6 J3
53  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4
56    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1 J4
55    ‫א‬ 1 J1 J4
59  ‫א‬ 2 J1 J4
 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬
EF‫א‬ 

62  ‫א‬ 3 J1 J4
65    ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬4 J1 J4
68     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2 J4
70         ‫א‬‫א‬ 3 J4
74     ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 4 J4
76     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 5 J4
      ‫א‬ 5
85
86        ‫א‬ 1 J5
87    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2 J5
92      ‫א‬‫א‬ 3 J5
94      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4 J5
    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6
101
102       ‫א‬‫א‬ 1 J6
104        ‫א‬‫א‬ 2 J6
106       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3 J6
109       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4 J6
 
 

 J‫א‬
262
 262 ‫א‬

 J‫א‬ 

 
 
 W،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
?? EF‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ?‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
   ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       
  J‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

1
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
K‫א‬ .3
K‫א‬‫א‬ .4
 
٪85‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ أن‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K4 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬
 
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

-1-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(Step-down)(Step-up)
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1F‫א‬K‫א‬
 

 
 
  E1F

-2-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 Uni-Train System ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬E2 JFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E2F

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬: ‫א‬‫א‬

Open-circuit test of single-phase transformer

W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬

 E3F
-3-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ -1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -4
K‫א‬‫א‬ -5
K‫א‬‫א‬Ro, Xo‫א‬ -6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -7
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -8
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -9

V1(V) 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 110% 120%

V1rated
Po(W)
Io(A)
V2(V)
cosφo=Po/V1Io
Ia=Io cosφo
Im=Io sinφo
Ro=V1/Ia
Xo=V1/Im
a=V1/V2

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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-4-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

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 
Cosφ, Io,Po ,V2
 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
V1
                   
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (1
‫א‬ (2

-5-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬ (3
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
Short-circuit test of single-phase transformer

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،         ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

-6-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 E4F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ -1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -2
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -4
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ -6
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -8
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -9

Isc(A) 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

Irated
Vsc(V)
Psc(W)
Req=Psc/I2sc(Ω)
Zeq=Vsc/Isc(Ω)
Xeq=√Z2sc-R2sc(Ω)
cosφsc=Psc/(VscIsc)

-7-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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cosφ, Isc,Psc

                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
Vsc
                   
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
‫א؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ج‬

-8-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

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-9-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

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- 10 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

  Load test of single-phase transformer  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E5F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E5F
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -2
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ -4
K0.8‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -5
K‫א‬ -6
 
 
 

- 11 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

V1(V) 220 220 220 220 220

I1(A)
P1(W)
V2(V)
I2(A)
P2=V2I2(W)
Cosφ1=P1/(P2/P1)
η=P2/P1

K0.8‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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- 12 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

cosφ, η V2
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
I2

 

- 13 -
  J‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

2
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫ א‬.1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.4
 
٪85‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
.10 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
  W‫א‬‫א‬
 
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- 14 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬٪100‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
PL=VLIL W ‫א‬‫א‬

Torque, TL=PL/ω N.m ‫ א‬

ω=2πN/60 rad/sec.
 ‫א‬‫א‬N
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TL‫א‬
 
 
 
 

- 15 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Speed-torque characteristic of a separately excited DC motor
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
KE6F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Rst‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   S ‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬   
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E6F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -1
K‫א‬‫א‬
 Rst‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬Rst‫א‬‫א‬ -3
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -4
K‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ -5
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S‫א‬ -6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ،‫א‬    ٪25 ‫א‬      
K‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -8

IL(A)
VL(V)
N(rpm)
Ia(A)
T=VLIL/(2πN/60)
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ -9
K‫א‬
N, T  
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                          Iload

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
‫א؟‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -10
  ‫א‬     ،  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫ א‬-11
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ -12
K‫א‬Rfm‫א‬
،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -13
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K129‫א‬‫א‬ -14

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ج‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫د‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ﻩ‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫و‬
‫א؟‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 Speed-torque characteristic of a DC shunt motor

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
KE7F‫א‬ -1

 E7F
‫א‬‫א‬،Rst‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -2
 ‫א‬ S‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ -3
،Rst‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Rfg‫א‬‫א‬ -4
‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S‫א‬ -5
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ -6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٪25‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -7

IL(A)
VL(V)
N(rpm)
Ia(A)
T=VLIL/(2πN/60)

‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ -8
K‫א‬
N, T  
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                          Iload
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -9

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬    .‫أ‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ج‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫د‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ﻩ‬
‫؟‬٪20‫א‬٪5

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 Speed-torque characteristic of a DC series motor

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
.‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
KE8F‫א‬ -1

 E8F
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ -2
  ‫א‬   Rst ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬   -3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬٪25‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ -4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬٪25‫א‬F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -7
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -8
 ‫א‬  K(Dead load) ‫א‬      ، ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

IL(A)
VL(V)
N(rpm)
Ia(A)
T=VLIL/(2πN/60)

N, T  
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                          Iload
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫أ‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫ب‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
Speed-torque characteristic of a DC compound motor
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  J
   ‫א‬‫א‬     ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
    ،   E‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
KE9F‫א‬ -1

 E9F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Rfg‫א‬  Rfm‫א‬ -2
K S‫א‬‫א‬K
KRst‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -3
K‫א‬‫א‬ -4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -5
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S‫א‬‫א‬ -6

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

IL(A)
VL(V)
N(rpm)
Ia(A)
T=VLIL/(2πN/60)
K(D1-D2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -7
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،73‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

IL(A)
VL(V)
N(rpm)
Ia(A)
T=VLIL/(2πN/60)
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
N, T  
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                          Iload
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -8
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ -9
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

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  J‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

3
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪85‫א‬‫א‬

 K10W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ON – OFF‫א‬
 KEBistableF‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .3
W‫א‬

L1 N

B1 B2
M

F1 F2
110 V DC

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE11F

- 29 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 16‫א‬ .1
 ‫א‬ .2
 ‫א‬2 .3
 2 .4
 ‫א‬ .5
 2 .6
 ‫א‬ .7
‫א‬ .8
  .9

W‫א‬
3
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .3
 150‫א‬‫א‬ .4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .7
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
 Eb2 f2،b1f1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .3
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .6
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
 180‫א‬ .3
 ‫א‬‫א‬ .4
 ‫א‬30180‫א‬ .5
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .7

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 
‫ ﺟﻬﺪ‬                     
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                      ‫زاوﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 
‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬                   
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                      ‫زاوﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 33 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E150F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E150F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E150F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E30F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E2F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Va  I a R a

KI f

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3

‫א‬

L1 N

B1 B2
M

F1 F2
110 V DC

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE12F
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 16‫א‬ .1
 ‫א‬ .2
 4 .3
 ‫א‬ .4
 4 .5
 ‫א‬ .6
‫א‬ .7
 
W‫א‬
3

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
 E180F‫א‬ .3

 ‫א‬‫א‬ .4
 ‫א‬30180‫א‬ .5
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .7
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .8

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

‫ ﺟﻬﺪ‬                     
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                      ‫زاوﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬                   
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

                      ‫زاوﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
 
 
W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E2SCRF‫א‬‫א‬
EOFFF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 E1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ .1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .3

W‫א‬

AB

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE13F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 16‫א‬ .1
 ‫א‬ .2
4 .3
 4 .4
 ‫א‬ .5
 4 .6
 4 .7
 ‫א‬ .8

W‫א‬
3

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
E180FEAF‫א‬ .3
 ‫א‬180B‫א‬،A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .4

 ‫א‬‫א‬ .5
 A ‫א‬30150‫א‬ .6
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .8
 K
 E180F‫א‬‫א‬A‫א‬ .9
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B .10
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬11

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬                 
‫ﻋﻘﺎرب‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬
                 
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                      ‫زاوﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

 
‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬                 
‫ﻋﻘﺎرب‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬
                 
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                      ‫زاوﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬
EDual-ConverterF‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬180Z‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3

W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE14F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 16‫א‬ .1
 ‫א‬ .2
 3 .3
 ‫א‬ .4
 3 .5
 ‫א‬ .6
 ‫א‬ .7

W‫א‬
3

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
 E150F‫א‬ .3

 ‫א‬‫א‬ .4
 ‫א‬30150‫א‬ .5
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .7
 K
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .8

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 
‫ ﺟﻬﺪ‬                     
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                      ‫زاوﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 
‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬                   
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                      ‫زاوﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3PhaseF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
ERippleF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3
W‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE15F
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 16‫א‬ .1
 ‫א‬ .2
 3 .3
 ‫א‬3 .4
 ‫א‬ .5
 3 .6
 ‫א‬ .7
 ‫א‬ .8
 
W‫א‬
3

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
 E150F‫א‬ .3

 ‫א‬‫א‬ .4
 K‫א‬30150‫א‬ .5
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .7
 K
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .8

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 
‫ ﺟﻬﺪ‬                     
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                      ‫زاوﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 

‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  
 
 
‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬                   
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                      ‫زاوﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EdcF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERippleF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
120‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4

W‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE16F
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 16‫א‬ .1
 ‫א‬ .2
 6 .3
 ‫א‬ .4
 6 .5
 ‫א‬ .6
 ‫א‬ .7

W‫א‬
3

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
 E150F‫א‬ .3

 ‫א‬‫א‬ .4
 ‫א‬30150‫א‬ .5
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .7
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .8

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 
‫ ﺟﻬﺪ‬                     
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                      ‫زاوﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  
 
‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬                   
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                      ‫زاوﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EACF‫א‬EDCF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬ERippleF‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

E240F‫א‬EOFFF120‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬2‫א‬
‫א‬C B  A ‫א‬ 

ESCR4,SCR5FESCR3,SCR4FESCR2,SCR3FESCR1,SCR2F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ESCR6,SCR1FESCR5,SCR6F
 60
 

 
 

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  J‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.2
‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٪85‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
4W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 59 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
‫א‬‫ א‬.3
Ton
Va  Vs
T
W‫א‬

220V 110V
DC DC

K1
TRIGGER SET

PT
Constant-dc Vdo M
D1

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE17F

- 60 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 16‫א‬ .1
 ‫א‬ .2
 .3
 ‫א‬ .4
 ‫א‬ .5
 ‫א‬ .6

W‫א‬
3
‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
‫א‬ .2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .3
2 KHz‫א‬‫א‬ .4
‫א‬‫א‬ .5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .6
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .7
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .8
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .9

 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2  EkF ‫א‬

 EVaF‫א‬
 ENF‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬DCDC Chopper ‫א‬
‫א‬DCOFFON(PT)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬DC
‫א‬‫א‬=E‫א‬F‫א‬(OFF)‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ETF‫א‬‫א‬ToffTon‫ א‬
 EPulse-Width-ModulationF‫א‬

 Frequency-Modulation‫א‬ToffTon‫ א‬

‫א‬Width‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ton
Va  Vs
T

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

220V 110V
DC DC

K1
TRIGGER SET

PT

k2 k2

Constant-dc M

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE18F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 16‫א‬ .1
 ‫א‬ .2
 .3
‫א‬ .4
 ‫א‬2300 .5
 ‫א‬ .6
 ‫א‬ .7

W‫א‬

3 
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .1
‫א‬ .2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .3
2 KHz‫א‬‫א‬ .4
‫א‬‫א‬ .5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .6
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .7
(K2)‫א‬‫א‬(K1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .8
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .9
٪90٪609 J1‫א‬‫א‬ .10
‫א‬
‫א‬٪50‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .11
Rb
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .12
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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 262 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 J‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 1        ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 4      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 6      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 10      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 11       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 13     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 15     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 22    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 23     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 22    ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 29     ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
  34    ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 39    ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 44 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 54  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
  55   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 55   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

62     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬