 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ١-‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٤٢٥ 
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬


??? ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬ W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢٥٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٢٥٦F   W‫א‬‫א‬

 E٦٤F‫א‬‫א‬

 E٦٤F‫א‬‫א‬

E٦٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o

KE٦٤F W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬     ‫א‬      
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
E١F‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
(١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ W ‫א‬  K١
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E٢F ‫א‬
‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
(٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 E٣F

 WE‫א‬F‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬،E‫א‬F
(٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

-٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٤F‫א‬

(٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬


W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،    ‫א‬         ‫ א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ،  ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ (5) ‫ א‬
K     ‫ א‬  ، ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ 

 





. ‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﺩﻭﻱ‬‫ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬: (٥) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﺽ‬.٥ ‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬.١

‫ ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬.٦ ‫ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺏ‬.٢

‫ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻊ‬.٧ ‫ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻑ‬.٣

‫ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺍﻻﺴﻤﻲ‬.٨ ‫ ﺍﻟﺫﻴل‬.٤


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ K١
(٦) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ، E٦F ‫א‬   W‫א‬ EF  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،E٧F‫א‬W‫א‬J

‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٨F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J
(٨) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬،E٩F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J 
(٩) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬  ، EK١F ‫א‬   W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K
(١٠) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬ K٢
    ، ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
  ‫א‬  E١F ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١F‫א‬
    J   J    ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ٠  ٤٥٠J ١٠٠    ٤{٥J ١٠
 ١  ٤٥٠J ٨٠    ٥{٣J ١٦
 ٢  ٤٥٠J ٨٠    ١٠J ٢٥
 ٣  ٤٥٠J ٨٠    ١٤J ٣٥{٥
 ٤  ٣١٥J ٨٠    ٢٥J ٥٠
 ٥  ٢٥٠J ٨٠    ٤٠J ٧١
  ، E٣١٥F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬         ٨  E٤F
 K‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬E٣١٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K٣
E‫א‬ F ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬  
 ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬EF ‫א‬    ،  
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 E١١F   W ‫א‬ E‫א‬F ‫א‬  ∎

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(١١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

-٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W ‫א‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬F ‫א‬  ∎

 KE١٢F‫א‬

(١٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ 
  W‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ∎
 KE١٣F‫א‬

(١٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

-٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 KE١٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(١٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

-٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،    ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،      ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Workbench‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬FJ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬{EK٨٥J KK٨F‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E١٥F‫א‬J

 ‫א‬ K١
  K٢
  K٣
 K٤
  
‫א‬ K٥
  K٦
 ‫א‬ K٧
 K٨

‫א‬E١٥F‫א‬

-٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬J 
 E١٦F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬E١٦F‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬J 
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬E١٧F‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     
، ‫א‬  E١٧F ‫א‬  ‫א‬EAngle viceF
‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    
 KE١٨F

‫א‬‫א‬E١٨F‫א‬
‫א‬ 
  
- ١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 Bench Vice‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬  ‫א‬ E١٩F ‫א‬  -
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬
  K٤  K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٥  E١٩F‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ .٦  K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬□
‫א‬E١٩F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬□
 K‫א‬‫א‬□
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬□
‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬‫א‬ □
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬J 

 ‫א‬E٢٠F‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 J ‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 J ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J ‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬      ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
E٢١F‫א‬       E٢١F
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 KEJ ٢٢F‫א‬

EJ ٢٢F ‫א‬  

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
E٢٢F‫א‬ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬       ‫א‬  E‫א‬ F ‫א‬   
  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      
  ،   EF ‫א‬  EJ ٢٣F ‫א‬ K ‫א‬    
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ، E١F  EJ ٢٣F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K<١KK

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٣F‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٢٤F ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 

E٢٤F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
،       ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٥F‫א‬ 

{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬-‫أ‬
  ،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬□
EJ ٢٦F ‫א‬   W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،   
‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J
 KEJ ٢٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J
E٢٦F‫א‬
 KEJ ٢٨F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬  ‫א‬    E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٨F‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٧F‫א‬


 KE٢٩F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 KE٣٠F‫א‬





K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٠F‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٩F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬،‫א‬
WFlatness‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٣١F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEJ ٣١F‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W Squareness‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEJ ٣١F‫א‬
 W Parallelism ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J 
 E٣٢F‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٢F‫א‬
 
Dimensions ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  J 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  W and Angles
E٣٤F  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬

 E٣٣F‫א‬
 KE٣٣F
 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
  E٣٤F‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 E٣٤F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
E F ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  □
 EJ ٣٥F ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬      ‫א‬   □
 KEJ ٣٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣٥F‫א‬


 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  E٣٦F‫א‬   ‫א‬  
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣٦F‫א‬
 KE٣٧F‫א‬،‫א‬



 W‫א‬
 E٣٧F‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
   EJ ٣٨F ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
   EJ ٣٨F ‫א‬   
     ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٣٨F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬
 K‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬ -٤
 W‫א‬ -‫ب‬
 K‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬EF‫א‬ -٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ج‬
 K‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬J ٣
KJ ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬W٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥

- ١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬K،١±‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣





















- ١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KK،١±‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣























- ٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
 K١KK±‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

























- ٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K١KK±‫א‬
 

 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 KW‫א‬J 
 ٩٨W‫א‬W‫א‬
 KK٥W‫א‬
 K١٢W‫א‬



W‫א‬‫א‬ .٢

KEF  K
KEF K‫א‬١KK
 K   K
 K‫א‬K
 KK
 KE١١F،E٨{٥FK
 KEF
KEF
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o

 KE٦٤F W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


- ٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 K K١
‫ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻲ‬: (١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 KJ ٢
 KEFJ ٣
 KJ ٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬: (٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬  K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬

- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬٠{٠٠١٠{١
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬: (٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 K
. ( ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﺒﻁ ) ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺩﻴل‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
.(‫ ﻀﺒﻌﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻗﻁﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ )ﺤﺩﻴﺔ‬-١
.(‫ ﻀﺒﻌﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻗﻁﺎﺭ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ )ﺤﺩﻴﺔ‬-٢
 ‫א‬
.‫ ﻀﺒﻌﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻨﺼﺎﻑ ﺃﻗﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬-٣  K‫א‬‫א‬

‫ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬: (٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

. (‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ )ﻀﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻤﺴﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ‬ -١
.‫ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ -٢  K‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬
 ،٥٢٠H‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٥٢٠H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Steel Rule ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٧F‫א‬
 K١٠٠٠،٦٠٠،٣٠٠،١٥٠

. ‫ ﻤﺴﻁﺭﺓ ﻓﻭﻻﺫﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬: (٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬،١٠‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ KE٠{٥F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٠{٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
W‫א‬ J 
‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨F‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،E٨F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٩F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٠

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩F‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٠F‫א‬،ETrammer lF
 ،‫א‬‫א‬EDividerF‫א‬
 KEJ ١٠F‫א‬




K‫א‬WE١٠F‫א‬
       

       
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE١١F‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬      
 ‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE١٢F‫א‬،‫א‬



‫ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺴﻁﺭﺓ‬: (١٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
. ‫ﻜﺩﻟﻴل ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬
- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬KKK٤٣،٢‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣F‫א‬
 K١‫א‬




.‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ‬: (١٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ 
        
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W

 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤F‫א‬
. ‫ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬: (١٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
              
‫א‬ J 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F
  KE١٥F‫א‬

 

. ‫ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺫﻭ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻲ‬: (١٥) ‫ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬       

- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬EF
 KE١٦F‫א‬،

 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ ﺍﻨﻁﺒﺎﻕ ﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬:(١٦) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Outside Caliper ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
.‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬: (١٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  EJ ١٧F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     KEJ ١٧F‫א‬
      
 
- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 Inside Caliper‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
EJ ١٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬: (‫ﺃ‬-١٨) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  K٠{٥
   
  Divider ‫א‬
E١٩F‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J 
‫א‬‫א‬EJ ١٩F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  
. ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴ‬: (١٩) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

- ٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬EJ ١٩F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٢٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       

‫א‬WE٢٠F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 Trammel ‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣
E١F،‫א‬‫א‬E٢١F‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬،E٢F
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬
   
. ‫ﺴﻡ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺘﻕ‬
 ‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻘ‬: (٢١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE٢٢F‫א‬‫א‬

. ‫ﻡ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺘﻕ‬‫ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴ‬: (٢٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

- ٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
،‫א‬،٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٠{٠٢FE٠{٠٥FE٠{١F

 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣F‫א‬
 KE١FE١٠F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -

 ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ K٧
‫ א‬.٨

K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٣F‫א‬


 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE‫א‬F‫א‬ -

- ٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬٢J ٤
 ‫א‬
 WEF


 E‫א‬F‫א‬ J 
 WE٠{١F
 ‫א‬E٩F‫א‬
.‫ﻤﻡ‬٠,١ ‫ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﻗﺩﻤﺔ )ﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﺩﻗﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬: (٢٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 E‫א‬F
 KE٢٤F‫א‬،‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬،E٠{٩F‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬E٠{١F‫א‬‫א‬KE٠{١Z٠{٩J ١F
 ٠{١‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
 KE٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
،EF‫א‬Z‫א‬
EF‫א‬
.(‫ ﻤﻡ‬٠,١ ‫ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻗﺩﻤﺔ )ﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ )ﺩﻗﺔ‬: (٢٥) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
    KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE٢F
 KE٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬J
 K٠{١X‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢{٤Z٠{١X ٤H٢H٠Z
‫א‬E٢٦F‫א‬WE٢F
 K
H‫א‬‫א‬Z ‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{١X‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬
 K٣{٢Z٠{١X٢H٣H٠Z
   
.‫ ﻤﻡ‬٠,١ ‫ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻗﺩﻤﺔ )ﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﻗﺔ‬: (٢٦) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F
 KE٢٧F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬Z
٦Z٠{١X‫א‬‫א‬H
 ٠{١X٨H٢H
 ٠{٨H٢H٦٠Z
   K٦٢{٨Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١X٥H١H٥Z
.‫ ﻤﻡ‬٠,١ ‫ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻗﺩﻤﺔ )ﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﻗﺔ‬: (٢٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  K٥١{٥Z٠{٥H١H٥٠Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١X٣H٠H١Z
 K١٠{٣Z٠{٣H٠H١٠Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١X٣H٢H٢Z

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K٢٢{٣Z٠{٣H٢H٢٠Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١X٥H١H١٠Z
 K١٠١{٥Z٠{٥H١H١٠٠Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١X٧H٠H٤Z
 K٤٠{٧Z٠{٧H٠H٤٠Z
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ J 

W٠{٠٥
 E‫א‬F‫א‬١٩
 E٢٨F‫א‬،٢٠
 ‫א‬
.‫ﻤﻡ‬٠,٠٥ ‫ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﺔ )ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬: (٢٨) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 ‫א‬E 19 FE‫א‬F
20
1 19
E 0.05 = = − 1 FWE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
20 20
 KE٠{٠٥F‫א‬K

 KE٠{٠٢F‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
،٢٥E‫א‬F‫א‬١٢W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٢F‫א‬
FK‫א‬EFE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬
 W

.‫ ﻤﻡ‬٠,٠٢ ‫ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﺔ )ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬: (٣٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ 


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K٠{٠٢Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
  KE٣٣F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{٠٢X١٦H٢H٣Z
 ٠{٣٢H٢H٣٠Z
.‫ ﻤﻡ‬٠,٠٢ ‫ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻗﺩﻤﺔ )ﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﺩﻗﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬: (٣٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 K٣٢{٣٢Z


      KE٣٤F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{٠٢X٥H٠{٥H٨H١Z
 K٠{١H٠{٥H٨H١٠Z
 K١٨{٦٠Z
٠,٠٢ ‫ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻗﺩﻤﺔ )ﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﺩﻗﺔ‬: (٣٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ 
     
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،٥٠E‫א‬F‫א‬٤٩
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٥F‫א‬
 ٠{٠٢Z١Z٤٩J ١
 ٥٠٥٠


 
. ‫ﻤﻡ‬٠,٠٢ ‫ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻗﺔ‬: (٣٥) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،E–٣٧F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE–٣٧F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ‬: (٣٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  KE–٣٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE–٣٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 KE٠{٠٢FEF  KE٠{١FEF
 K‫א‬  K‫א‬

EF‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٩F‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٨F‫א‬
 KE٠{٠٢F  KE٠{١F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 Metric Micrometer  ‫א‬‫א‬

E٠{٠٢F‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٠{٠١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٠F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬-
،٢٥–‫א‬‫א‬،٥٠–٢٥‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٧٥–٥٠F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٠{٥F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K٥٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFW‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬

. ‫ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬-١
. ‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺩﺍﻥ‬-٢ 
. ‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭﻱ‬-٣ 
. ‫ ﺼﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻔل‬-٤
. ‫ ﺠﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ‬-٥
. ‫ ﺠﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬-٦
. ‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﺎﻁﺔ‬-٧

. ‫ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ‬: (٤٠) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

- ٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬: (٤١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  KE٤١F‫א‬
. ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬ 

       
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٢F‫א‬

‫ ﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ‬: (٤٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ 
. ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬ 

      

 W‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٣F‫א‬


‫ ﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬: (٤٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
. ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻕ‬

- ٤١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬KE٠{٥F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٠{٥F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٤٤F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢٥–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






. ‫ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ‬: (٤٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
     
 
‫א‬‫א‬KE٤٥F‫א‬،E٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{٠١‫א‬E٠{٠١FZ٠{٥
 ٥٠

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
. ‫ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬: (٤٥) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  KE٠{٠١F

- ٤٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E٤٦F‫א‬
 ٠{٠١X٤٩+٠{٥H٥Z  EF‫א‬‫א‬
 K٥{٩٩Z  
 ٠{٠١X٢H٠H٢Z  EF‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢{٠٢Z  
 ٠{٠١X٣٧H٠H١١Z  EF‫א‬‫א‬
 K١١{٣٧Z  
 
.‫ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬: (٤٦) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬


 ‫א‬
‫ ﺤﺩﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ‬-١
‫( ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻫﺫﺍ‬٤٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
. ‫ ( ﻤﻡ‬٥٠ – ٢٥) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﻥ‬

.( ‫ﻤﻡ‬٥٠ – ٢٥) ‫( ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺴﻌﺔ‬٤٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

‫ ﺤﺩﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻥ‬-٢

‫( ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬٤٨) ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
. ‫ ( ﻤﻡ‬٧٥ – ٥٠) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﻥ‬

.( ‫ﻤﻡ‬٧٥ – ٥٠) ‫( ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺴﻌﺔ‬٤٨) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬


       

- ٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KE‫א‬F

EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٤٩F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ )ﻀﺒﻌﺎﺕ( ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻨﺼﺎﻑ‬: (٤٩) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ 
.‫ﺃﻗﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬      
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٠F‫א‬
 KE٥١F‫א‬،



. ‫ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﻟﻭﻟﺏ‬: (٥١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ )ﻀﺒﻌﺎﺕ( ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬: (٥٠) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
. ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﻟﺏ‬
             

- ٤٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦٠F‫א‬‫א‬١L٦٠Z‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٢F‫א‬
 KE٢FE١F
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬: (٥٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

        

 E–٥٣F‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬E–٥٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬





‫ ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤﺩ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬: (٥٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬
- ٤٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٤F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬



‫ ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬: (٥٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬      
. ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﺩﺓ‬  Bevel Protractor  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E–٥٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
E–٥٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{٥‫א‬K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

. ‫ ﻤﺴﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ‬: (٥٥) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

   
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٥٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

. ‫ ﻤﺴﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗل‬: (٥٦) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

- ٤٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 Combination Set  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٧F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J
   

. ‫ ﻁﻘﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬: (٥٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٨F‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬J
 E–٥٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬J
 KE–٥٨F
 ،٥٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE–٥٨F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﻁﻘﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤل‬: (٥٨) ‫ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬    KE–٢٨F‫א‬EF
 KE–٥٨F‫א‬،٥٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE–٥٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

- ٤٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K٥٢٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬J 
 KJ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

- ٤٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻐﻭﻟﺔ‬: (١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  KEF

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ،E٢F
‫ ﻤﺴﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬: (٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬،
 ، 
K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٣F‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬: (٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤F‫א‬

‫ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﻊ‬: (٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

- ٥٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 W،E٥F‫א‬، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 K‫ א‬K٣
 K‫ א‬K٤
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
‫ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬: (٥) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E٦F‫א‬،‫א‬
،E٣F‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
E٥F‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬‫א‬
،E٧FE٦F
 K٥٤٥‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ‬: (٦) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

- ٥١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻜﺎﺭ‬: (٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
،E٧F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، 
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺸﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ‬: (٨) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٨F
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻁﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬: (٩) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ W‫א‬،‫א‬
،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻁﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬: (١٠) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ،E١٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K،
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺒﻼﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻭﻴﺔ‬: (١١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،E١١F
 ٠


 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻋﻮارض ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻭﻴﺔ‬: (١٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،E١٢F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬
‫ زاوﻳﺔاﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬:(١٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 W

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١F‫א‬WE١٤F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،E٢F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬: (١٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  KE٥F‫א‬،E٤F‫א‬‫א‬،E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ECF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٥F‫א‬،(C)
‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬،
(C) ‫ ﻤﺭﺒﻁ ﺤﺭﻑ‬: (١٥) ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬

EvF‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٦F‫א‬،E٥٩٠F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(v) ‫ ﺯﻫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﺤﺭﻑ‬: (١٦) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
E٥٠FE٢١{٢٢F‫א‬٣L٤
‫א‬‫א‬،E١٥٠٠F
E٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٢٧F
‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻗﺔ‬:(١٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  KE١٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 






‫ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬:(١٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٨F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﺔ‬: (١٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﻄﺮة‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٩F‫א‬،‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٥١٥F‫א‬‫א‬J
 ،‫א‬‫א‬E٥١٥F‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢١F‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬J
‫ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ورﺳﻢ‬:(٢٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮط‬  K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،E١٠F
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫ ﻤﺤﺎﺫﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻁﺭﺓ‬:(٢١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،EC F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE٢٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ -
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬: (٢٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬J

‫ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻡ‬: (٢٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬J
 K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE٢٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٥١٥F‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ‬:(٢٤)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 KE٢٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٥F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
WE٢٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K 
 ‫א‬،E٢٦F‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫( ﺣﺎﻻت ﻓﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﺼﻑ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻐﻭﻟﺔ‬٢٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬:(٢٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  KE٢٧F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -

- ٥٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٧F‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬E،F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٨F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
J
‫ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺱ‬: (٢٨) ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E،،F
‫א‬‫א‬،E،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K
 ‫א‬EJ F‫א‬EF‫א‬،EJ F‫א‬،EF‫א‬
 ٠‫א‬‫א‬،E،F‫א‬EJ FEJ F‫א‬J
E٢،١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١،٢،٣،٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٤،٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E0F‫א‬‫א‬J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE‫א‬

- ٦٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
  -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬،E٢٩F
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
WE٢٩F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٠F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻣﺮآﺰة اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺴّﻢ‬: (٣٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ‬
 ٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


- ٦١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬،‫א‬

 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻋﺪة ﻤﺸﻐﻭﻻﺕ‬: (٣١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣١F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ٠‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻷﻃﺮاف اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬: (٣٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫ﺛﻢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
 K‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٠‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬: (٣٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  KE٣٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE٣٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٦٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ،E٣٤F‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫ ﺷﺤﺬ ﺷﻮآﺎت اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‬:(٣٤)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺤﺠﺎﺭ اﻟﺠﻠﺦ‬  K٠E٢٠J ١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬،٠٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺷﺤﺬ اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻚ‬: (٣٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 KE٣٥F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F
 KE٣٦F‫א‬٠٦٠

‫ ﺷﺤﺬ ﺳﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴّﻢ‬: (٣٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬








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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،K…
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K،‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
.‫ أﻋﺪ أدوات اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ أﻣﺎآﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬-

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o


 KE٦٤F  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬١J ١
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


K‫א‬WE١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 K،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١–٢
 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬J ١J ١J ٢
K‫א‬J ٢J ١J ٢
K‫א‬J ٣J ١J ٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬١–١–٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬J ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬
‫ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﻴﺪوي‬: (٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬W‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٥F
 ‫א‬WJ ٤
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
.‫ اﻹﻃﺎر)اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ( اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬: (٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 
 ‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬،E٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K٣٥٠٢٥٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J
 WE٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬ -٣
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F‫א‬  K‫ א‬-٤
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،

‫א‬E٦F‫א‬
 W‫א‬



 K‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬Z
 ‫א‬
K٣٠٠،٢٥٠،٢٠٠W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 WW‫א‬Z
 ١٦،١٢
 W‫א‬W‫א‬Z
 K٠{٨،٠{٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬  W‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬٢٥{٤‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬٢٥{٤‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE١F

 ‫א‬ ٢٥{٤‫א‬  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦–١٤  
 ‫א‬  ٢٢  
 
‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٣٢ EF

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE٨F‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
. ‫ ﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻥ‬: (٨) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  

‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬
 ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬: (١١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(‫)ﺃ‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E–٩F‫א‬
٩F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
(‫)ﺏ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E–
 W‫א‬
‫ ﺍﻟﻨﺼل ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻑ‬: (‫ – ﺃ – ﺏ‬٩ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
. ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺩﻭﺝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٠F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  W‫א‬‫א‬




.‫ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺼﻞ‬: ( ١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬





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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬Z
 ‫א‬E١١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
    

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬Z
‫א‬E١٢F‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬
. ‫ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻤﻤﻮﺟﺔ‬: (١٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬G
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬: (١٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ 
. ‫ﻨﺼل ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ‬       

- ٧٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

W‫א‬G
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٢F‫א‬، ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬
 EF‫א‬
 ‫א‬
   
 ٠{٠٨  ١{٦–١{٤  
 ١{٢–١{٠  ٢{١–١{٨  

 ‫א‬‫א‬–
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬Z
، E‫א‬F ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ F ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
. ‫ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻡ‬: (١٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 KE١٤F‫א‬

‫א‬WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬Z
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٥F‫א‬

   
.‫ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬. ‫ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ‬: (١٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬


- ٧٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 E١٦F‫א‬،‫א‬
  K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫ ﻧﻤﺎذج ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﻢ‬:(١٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬ -
‫א‬،E ١٧F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬WE١٧F‫א‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎ ﺖ‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬E ١٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫ ﻣﻨﺸﺎر ﺷﻖ اﻟﻤﺠﺎري‬: (١٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

- ٧٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬     ‫א‬   J
 K 
K‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
   K‫א‬‫א‬J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫رﺑﻂ ﻗﻄﻊ‬: (١٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
.‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﻳﺔ‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E – ١٩F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬E–١٩F‫א‬،‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪات رﺑﻂ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮة‬:(٢٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٠F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫ ﻣﻠﺰﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ‬:(٢١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

- ٧٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬،E ٢٢F‫א‬
 
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
E٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫ اﻟﻮﻗﻮف اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬: (٢٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫ﻟﻠ ﺸ‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٤F‫א‬

- ٧٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫ اﺑﺘﺪاء اﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬: (٢٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٦F‫א‬
.‫ ﻧﺸﺮ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬: (٢٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

- ٧٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٧F‫א‬
 ‫א‬ -١
‫א‬ -٢
‫أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﺸﻠﺔ‬:(٢٧)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
.‫اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻄﻲ‬ ‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬ -٥
 W‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬    E ٢٨ F ‫א‬ 
‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬K‫א‬E‫א‬F

WE٢٨F ‫א‬ 
. ‫א‬‫ א‬ 

،E ٢٩ F ‫א‬         ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ٢٥ J ٣‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬     ١٠ 
 K
‫ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﺴﻨﻦ‬:(٢٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 

- ٧٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬    
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،    ‫א‬  
   ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫ א‬-١
.‫ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎر اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬: (٣٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ א‬-٢
‫א‬ -٣
‫ א‬-٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ب‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٣١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٣١F‫א‬



. ‫ ﻣﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬: (٣١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬


     ‫א‬  ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٢F‫א‬

.‫ ﺣﺮآﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬: (٣٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 

 ‫א‬   E٣٤F،E٣٣F ‫א‬   EF   ‫א‬  
 K٦–٠{٥‫א‬٣١٥–٥٠‫א‬‫א‬






WE٣٤F‫א‬ WE٣٣F‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ K‫א‬

- ٨١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KJ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٥F‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬J ١
‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٥F
 W‫א‬EFJ ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬EUF W‫א‬J ٤
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬J ٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬J ٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬J ٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J ٩

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٦F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
.‫ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﺘﺮددي اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬:(٣٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬



‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٧F
     

     

 
.‫ﺣﺮآﺔ هﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﺘﺮددي اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬ : (
٣٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

- ٨٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٨F‫א‬
 KE٢)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٥F‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬E٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
E F
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫( ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﺘﺮددي اﻵﻟﻲ‬٣٨)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬x٢Z‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦٠–٣٠٠WEF‫א‬J 
 K٦٠_٢٠WEF‫א‬J 
 K٢{٥_K٠{٨W‫א‬J 
 K١٢{٥J ٦{٥EF‫א‬J 
 K٤J ١{٨WEF‫א‬J 

- ٨٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE٣٩F‫א‬
E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫( ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﻧﺼﻞ اﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬٣٩)‫وﻳﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﺘﺮددي اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬

    
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F
( ‫ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬/ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ) ﺷﻮط‬ ‫א‬
١٤٠ – ١٠٠ ‫ﻓﻮﻻذ آﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬
١٤٠ – ١٠٠ ‫ﻓﻮﻻذ آﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
١٠٠ ‫ل‬
ٍ ‫ﻓﻮﻻذ آﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ ﻋﺎ‬
١٠٠ ‫ﻓﻮﻻذ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
١٠٠ ‫ﻓﻮﻻذ ﺳﺒﺎﺋﻜﻲ‬
١٠٠ – ٧٠ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ زهﺮ‬
١٤٠ ‫أﻟﻮﻣﻨﻴﻮم‬
١٤٠ – ١٠٠ ‫ﻧﺤﺎس أﺻﻔﺮ‬
١٠٠ ‫ﺑﺮوﻧﺰ‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬WE٤٠F‫א‬ E٤٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   EF‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ ﻃﺮاﺋﻖ رﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻮﻻت‬: (٤١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 KE٤٢F‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

. ‫ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‬: (٤٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

- ٨٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،E٤٣F‫א‬
      
 W‫א‬J
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٤F‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﻄﺮة اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬: (٤٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬     

   
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
..‫ ﻣﺤﺪد )ﻣﻌﻴﺎر( اﻟﻄﻮل‬: (٤٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J


- ٨٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K

- ٨٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFEF
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K……‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -


- ٨٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
E١F‫א‬‫א‬-١
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬-٢
 E٣F‫א‬‫א‬-٣

- ٩٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E١F‫א‬
 ٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -١ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ -٢ 
K‫א‬ -٣

 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W

،،،٥x١٠x٢٠،٢٠٠x٢٠x٢٠
 K،،E،F‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W

 ‫א‬‫א‬J ١ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE١F‫א‬‫ א‬
 
 
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ 
    ١٠‫א‬ 
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 E٢F‫א‬ 
        
 E٢F‫א‬  

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E١F
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٠
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬J
  KE٣F‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF
 ‫א‬J ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬J
 K
 E٤F‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥،٤F‫א‬
 E٥F‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ -
 E٦F‫א‬ KE٦F‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E١F
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 ٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬




 ‫א‬J ٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٧F‫א‬     

 KE٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
 





      

 E٨F‫א‬



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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 E٢F‫א‬
 ٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢







 













- ٩٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٢F‫א‬
 ٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -١

K -٢ 
 K -٣ 
 
 KE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
،‫א‬،٥٠x٣٢،١٠٠x ٢٥

 K،‫א‬‫א‬،،،،


 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
EF‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 KE١F‫א‬EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬K‫א‬




- ٩٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٢F
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬J
 E٢F‫א‬KE٢F‫א‬
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬


 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE٤F‫א‬
 E٤F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE١F‫א‬
 E٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 E٦F‫א‬‫א‬J
 E٦F‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬

- ٩٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٣F‫א‬
 ٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١





















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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٣F‫א‬
 ٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬J ١

 K١H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 KE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W

،،{،E٥x١٠٠x١٠٠F

 K،،‫א‬،،


 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W

 K‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬_
 
 K‫א‬١٦J ١٤

 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬_
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬J ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬

 
 E٢F‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٣F
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬١٠‫א‬
 KE٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬J
 E٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE٥F‫א‬
 ‫א‬J
 ‫א‬،E٦F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 E٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





 E٦F‫א‬E٧F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٤F‫א‬
 ٩٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬J ١
،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬
EVF،EIF
K‫א‬‫א‬


















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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٤F‫א‬
 ٩٠‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬ -١
KEVFEIF،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،F‫א‬ -٢ 
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
،،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W

 ‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬KE١F‫א‬‫אא‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬



 E٣F‫א‬

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٤F
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬

 E٤F‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬J ٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
٣٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١
 ٪١٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
  KE٥x٧٥x٧٥F
 ٠{٢‫א‬‫א‬J
















 



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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬
١٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE١F‫א‬  K‫א‬E١F‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬
،‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬WE٣F‫א‬  K٢٥‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،EF
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z١
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z٢
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
EJ ٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١FW‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬E٢F‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬EJ ٤F‫א‬



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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


K‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬
،١٠٠٠L١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٨F‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ WE٨F ‫א‬ 


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE٩F‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٩F‫א‬،
 K‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
E١٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠F‫א‬ 

‫א‬،‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬E١١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬W E١١F‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 KE١٢F‫א‬




K‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٢F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J ١

 KE١٣F‫א‬



K‫א‬ WE١٣F‫א‬
- ١٠٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤F‫א‬


K‫א‬WE١٤F‫א‬ 



 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬WE١٥F‫א‬ 



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦F‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦F‫א‬






- ١٠٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬J ١
،E‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬J ٢
،E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٤F‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧F‫א‬  K‫א‬W‫א‬J ٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬J ٦

 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨F‫א‬

- ١١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬

 W
١٠٠٠E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢٠E٢F‫א‬١٠E١F‫א‬
 ٠E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KL

 KE‫א‬‫א‬F٢C٢٠Z١٠٠٠C١٠W‫א‬

١٠٠٠ × ١٠
 L٥٠٠ZZ٢
٢٠

 K‫א‬WE١٩F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 L 500 = 100 × 10 Z٢
K‫א‬WE٢٠F‫א‬ 20




- ١١١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢١F‫א‬
‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٢١F‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٢٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٢F‫א‬  KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٤F

 KWE٢٣F‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬WE٢٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٥F‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٦F‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 KT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬WE٢٧F‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٢٧F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 


 KV‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٨F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٨F‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 KE٢٩F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٩F‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٠F‫א‬

 K‫א‬WE٣٠F‫א‬



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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬ K٢
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 K١٣J 
 K٢٠J 
 K٣٠J 
 K٥٠J 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 W‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 K١J 
 K٠{١J 
 K٠{٠١J 
 K٠{٠٠١J 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
- ١١٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E١F‫א‬

E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬



 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
  
 
 
















- ١١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E١F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 K‫א‬J ٢
  K‫א‬J ٣
  K‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 

،،،،،

 K٥،E٥C٦٠C٤٠F

 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W

EL٥٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 KE١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KE٢F‫א‬‫ א‬
 E٢F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ - 

K‫א‬‫א‬ 


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 
 
.(٣) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J


.(٤) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J ٣ 
،‫א‬‫א‬J 
 KE٤F‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J


.(٥) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
،‫א‬J ٤ 
،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٥F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬J ٥

.(٦) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٦F‫א‬ 
 K 


- ١٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬E٥F‫א‬J ٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٧F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫ א‬
 E٨F‫א‬،‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٩


‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

.(٧) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩J ٧F‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠
 K‫א‬J ١١

 K‫א‬J ١٢

 K‫א‬J ١٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٤

‫א‬E٢٥٠F‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬J ٩

.(٨) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  KE٨F












- ١٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٢F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K 


















- ١٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٢F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
  W‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 

،،٥،E٢٠٠C٥C٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬
 ،،
 K٢٠٠،
  


 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W

 K‫א‬J ١

،‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 KE١F‫א‬ 
 



.(١) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
 


‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬ 


.(٢) ‫ﺸﻜل‬ 

- ١٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 KE٣F‫א‬




.(٣) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥




 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬
.(٤) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
 KE٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬




 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
 KE٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
.(٥) ‫ﺸﻜل‬







 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨

.(٦) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  KE٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬




- ١٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


٦٠ ‫א‬  E١F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ١٠٠ ‫א‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬،Mt1 
 ‫א‬E١٠C٥٠C٤٠F 
 K‫א‬




 
 
 



 
 
 



 
 
 







- ١٢٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o

 KE٦٤F  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬










.‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬: (١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ 


- ١٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬،  E١٥٠،٢٠٠،٣٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬E،‫א‬،F



‫ ﻣﺒﺮد ﻣﺴﺘ ٍﻮ‬: (٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  
E٣٠٠،٢٠٠،١٥٠F،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬



‫ ﻣﺒﺮد ﻧﺼﻒ داﺋﺮي‬:(٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬


- ١٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
E٣٠٠،٢٠٠،١٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬E،‫א‬،F



.‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد اﻟﺪاﺋﺮي‬:(٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  
 KE٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

.‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮي‬:(٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬




 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦F‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧F‫א‬



‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮي واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ‬:(٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٨F‫א‬‫א‬



‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ‬:(٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬


- ١٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   
 KE٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



.‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ‬:(٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٠F‫א‬



‫ ﻣﺒﺮد ﺷﺒﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﺮف واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ‬:(١٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE١١F‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬WE١١F‫א‬ 


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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



.‫ ﺿﺒﻌﺎت أﻗﻮاس ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل‬:(١٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 KE١٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




.‫ ﺿﺒﻌﺎت أﻗﻮاس داﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل‬:(١٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 KE١٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



.‫ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻐﺎت اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬:(١٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

- ١٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫( ﺗﺪوﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﺣﻮل‬١٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


E١٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫( ﺗﺪوﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺤﻮر‬١٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬E١٧F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫( ﺗﺪوﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﺣﻮل‬١٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 

‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﻳﻦ‬



- ١٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE١٨F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬: (١٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ 



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
E٢J ١F‫א‬  
 KE١٩F‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺮادة أوﻟﻴﺔ‬: (١٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 
  
‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺮادة ﻧﺎﻋﻤﺔ‬: (٢٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  KE٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬E٢١F ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬: (٢١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺿﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬

- ١٣٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬: (٢٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE٢٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
‫ إﺟﺮاء ﺑﺮادة أوﻟﻴﺔ ﺧﺸﻨﺔ‬: (٢٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٣F‫א‬E٢J ١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺒﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻌﻴﻡ‬: (٢٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬: (٢٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺿﺒﻌﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس‬

- ١٣٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬ ‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE٣J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K E٠{٥F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE٦J ٤

‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬J
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K E١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬ K١
 KE F K٢
 K K٣
 K K٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫ א‬K١
 K‫ א‬K٢
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 K‫ א‬K٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K K٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬ J ١
 K‫א‬E٣J ٢F J ٢
 K‫א‬E١F J ٣
 K‫א‬ J ٤

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢











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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬

E٣٦FW‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬




  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬









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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E١F‫א‬

٣٦W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬W 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬
  WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
،،E١٠C٩٥C١٠٠F

‫א‬‫א‬،،،،،

،‫א‬، ‫א‬،،،‫א‬،
  K(V)

 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W

 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬J ١

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬J ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢{٥F 
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
(١) ‫ﺸﻜل‬


- ١٤٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢{٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬




(٢) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
 
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 E٩٥F‫א‬

 KE٣F‫א‬E٢F‫א‬


 
(٣) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 E٩٠FE١F‫א‬

 KE٤F‫א‬



(٤) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
 
 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦

 KE٥F‫א‬E١٠F
 
 
(٥) ‫ﺸﻜل‬


- ١٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
 KE٦F‫א‬‫א‬ 


(A,B,C,D)‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
(٦) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  KE٧F‫א‬ 
 
 



(٧) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٩
 ١٠‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨F‫א‬‫א‬



 
(٨) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬J ١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٩F‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬J ١١
(٩) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE١٠F‫א‬

(١٠) ‫ﺸﻜل‬

- ١٤٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬J ١٢
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE١١F‫א‬

(١١) :‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬J ١٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE١٢F‫א‬


(١٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

‫א‬(A,B,C,D)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٤
 KE١٣F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ 




‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٥
(١٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  KE١٤F‫א‬‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٦

 KE١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(١٤) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ 

E15F


- ١٤٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 E٩٥C٩٠F‫א‬J ١٧
 KE١٦F‫א‬
 
 
(١٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٨

 KE١٧F‫א‬


 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٩

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE١٨F‫א‬E١٠F
 
(١٧) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢٠




(١٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬



- ١٤٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٢F‫א‬

 ٢٠W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



















- ١٤٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٢F‫א‬

 ٢٠W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
  K‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
،v،،E٣C٢٧C٥٢F

،،،،،١٥٠،

،،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،،‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W

 E١F‫א‬
 J ١
 ٥٩٠‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢١‫א‬

 KE١F‫א‬
(١) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ 

 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
(٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬



- ١٤٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 ٢{١‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬E٣C٥٠C٢٥F




(٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬

 KE٤F‫א‬E٤٥F‫א‬
(٤) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE٥F‫א‬
(٥) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦
 K‫א‬‫ א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
 KE٦F‫ א‬
(٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 




- ١٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




 KE٢F‫א‬J
(٧) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٩
 KE٨F‫א‬
(٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ 



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠
٢١‫א‬ 
 KE٩F‫א‬E٣C٥٠C٢٥F 
(٩) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٠F‫א‬٢J ١‫ א‬
 
(١٠) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬ J ١٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
(١١) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬
 KE١١F‫א‬




- ١٥٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬

 KE١٢F‫א‬


 
 

(١٢) ‫ﺸﻜل‬ 
 E٢FE١F‫א‬J ١٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
 KE١٣F‫א‬




(١٣) ‫ﺸﻜل‬ 






- ١٥١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٣F‫א‬

 ٣٦W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



















- ١٥٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٣F‫א‬

 ٣٦W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬W 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
  K‫א‬J ٢
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 

،،E١٠C١٥٠C٦٠F
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،،،،
 Kv ،‫א‬،،

 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W

KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢ 
 KE٢F‫א‬ 
 

(١) ‫ﺸﻜل‬


(٢) ‫ﺸﻜل‬ 


- ١٥٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 





(٣) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 KE٤F‫ א‬





E٥F J ٥
(٤) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬ 





 
 
(٥) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 KE٦F‫א‬


 
 
(٦) ‫ﺸﻜل‬ 



- ١٥٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧
‫א‬E١F‫א‬ 
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


(٧) ‫ﺸﻜل‬ 

 
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٨
‫א‬‫א‬

 KE٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


(٨) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٩

 KE٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K٢٠‫א‬G
 




(٩) ‫ﺸﻜل‬ 



- ١٥٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٤F‫א‬

 ٣٦W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



















- ١٥٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٤F‫א‬

 ١٢W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬W 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 

،،E١٠C٥٠C٦٠F

‫א‬،،،،،

 KV،‫א‬،، ،‫א‬

 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W

KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١


‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢ 
 KE٢F‫א‬E١٧F 
 



(١) ‫ﺸﻜل‬ (٢) ‫ﺸﻜل‬


- ١٥٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

E٢J ١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬J ٣ 

 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 





 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬J ٤ 
(٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
 
(٤) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ٢٠EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE٥F‫א‬
 
 
(٥) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬







- ١٥٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٥F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K

















- ١٥٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٥F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬W 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬J ١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
  K‫א‬J ٣
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 

،،،E٥C٥٠C٥٠F

،،،،، ،

F،،‫א‬ ،‫א‬،،
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
 ،E

 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
 KE١F‫א‬٤

(١) ‫ﺸﻜل‬ 

‫א‬E٢F‫א‬E٤٨C٤٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


(٢) ‫ﺸﻜل‬


- ١٦٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KEJ ٣F



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFJ ٥

(٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 E٥FW‫א‬

 KEJ ٣F‫א‬
(٤) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧



 ٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
 KE٤F‫א‬
(٥) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٩
 ‫א‬،

 K‫א‬E٥F

(٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠

 KE٦F‫א‬ 





- ١٦١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١١
 KE٧F‫א‬،




(٧) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢
 KE٨F‫א‬




 
(٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 









- ١٦٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٦F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K













- ١٦٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٦F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬W 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
  
 J ٤
 K‫א‬  K‫א‬J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٥  K‫א‬J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦  J ٣

 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 

،‫א‬،،،‫א‬،، E١٠C٥٠C٨٣F

،،،،،
 K،‫א‬‫א‬،،،،
 ،

 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
 KE١F‫א‬E٩F
(١) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ 
،E٨٢C٤٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 KE٢F‫א‬



(٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬



- ١٦٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬J ٤ 
KE٣F‫א‬،‫א‬ 
‫א‬

(٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬

 KE
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
(٤) ‫ﺸﻜل‬   ‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬١٠{٧٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬J ٧ 
،‫א‬‫א‬،٢٤ 
 KE٤F‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
‫א‬‫א‬
(٥) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 KE٥F‫א‬،‫ א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٩

 KE٦F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
(٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 




- ١٦٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٠
 E٧F‫א‬E٥{٨F
 KE١١F

(٧) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١١
 ، 
،‫א‬EF
(٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  KE٨F‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٢
 KE٩F‫א‬،
(٩) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٣

 KE١٠F‫א‬،


 ،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٤
(١٠) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 KE١١F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(١١) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ 
 KE١٢F‫א‬



(١٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬



- ١٦٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

١٢٠ ‫א‬  E١F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬

 ١٠٠ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١
  K
 




















- ١٦٧ -
 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠـــــــﻊ‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G

 K٢‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K٢‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K، K٤
١٩٩٨،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K، K٥
 ١٩٩٦،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G

1. W.A.J Chapman L Workshop Technology Part II - London .
2. M.H.S Kempester L Workshop Technology for Technicians .
3. Vict. E. , Wlard . J. Carthy - Machine Tool Technology .
4. R.L Timings, O. Alabi , Mechanical Engineering Craft Technology
and related subjects, Vol. (1) and (2) Longman group LID, 1993
George Love, Metal Work, Longman, sing apore publishers, first
 impression 1987.

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 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬

 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٣ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
 ٤K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٩K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ١٦ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٤ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٢٥ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫• א‬
 ٣٠ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫• א‬
 ٣١ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٣٤ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ٤٠ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫• א‬
 ٤٤ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٤٨ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٤٩ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬ •
 ٤٩ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٥٢ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٥٤ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٥٦ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٥٨ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٦٠ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٦٢ K K K K K K K K K K K K K E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
- ١٦٩ -
 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٦٣ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٦٥ K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٧ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٦٨ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٧٣ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫• א‬
 ٧٦ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٧٧ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٧٨ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٨٢ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫• א‬
 ٨٨ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٨٩ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫• א‬
 ٩٠ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K  •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢٧ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ١٢٨ K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ١٢٩ K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ١٣٣ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬ •
 ١٣٤ K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ١٣٩ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫• א‬
 ١٤١ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫• א‬
١٦٨ K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS