‫א‬

‫א‬
EF

136
  E136F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
?‫?א‬?E F ‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  136  ‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

 
 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K1821
180‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬15،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Digital Economy)‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬20001200‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬2000‫א‬‫א‬٪1234
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬???‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  136  ‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬GPS‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Sensors)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
 K?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
  136  ‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E F‫א‬

‫א‬
 ‫א‬

1
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
1 ‫א‬
COM3LAB‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬ECOM3LAB)‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KCOM3LAB K1
KCOM3LAB‫א‬‫ א‬K2
KCOM3LAB K3
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬DETICTIVE،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 KE1-1F

 
E1-1F
 

-1-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 KE2-1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2

 E2-1F
 KE3-1F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3

 
 E3-1F
 KE4-1F‫א‬EcontinueF K4

 
E4-1F

-2-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 KE6-1F،E5-1F‫א‬continue K5

 

 
E5-1F

 
 E6-1F
 KE7-1F‫א‬'Feel free to experiment around'‫א‬ K6

 
E7-1F

-3-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

E8-1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7

 
 E8-1F
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

-4-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 KE9-1F‫א‬‫ א‬K1

 

 E9-1F
KE10-1F‫א‬،‫ א‬K2

 
 E10-1F
 K‫א‬‫א‬E10-1F‫א‬‫א‬ K3
 K‫א‬‫א‬COM3LAB K4
K‫א‬ K5

-5-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
2 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E OscilloscopeFW
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
:،‫א‬ J
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:‫א‬
،EXFEYF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،:‫א‬
 KE OscilloscopeFE1-2F‫א‬
 K‫א‬E2-2F‫א‬

 
 E1-2F

-6-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
Setting the To Shift the Setting the
Y-axis X-axis on X-axis
the Y-axis
Starting the Selecting
Oscilloscope the signal to
be shown
Zoom

Copy

 
 E2-2F
 
 E Frequency CounterFW
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
W J
.‫א‬‫א‬:‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،:‫א‬
 KE3-2F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EtriggerF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
،Etrigger Y1FEtriggerF‫א‬EY1F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE4-2F‫א‬

 
 E3-2F
-7-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

 
 E4-2F
 
 (FFT)W
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE5-2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Marker Result of
measurement

Moving
the marker

Starting
the FFT
 
 E5-2F
 

-8-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 (BODE)W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫(א‬CUT-OFFF،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE6-2F
 
Starting the
measurement

 
 E6-2F
 
 
 EFunction GeneratorFW
 WK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E7-2F‫א‬،sine wave, triangular wave, square wave and DC signal
 K‫א‬
Controlling the
value of
Functions you frequency,
can generate by amplitude and
selecting using DC voltage
the mouse

E7-2F
 

-9-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
3 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Transmission  KE1-3F‫א‬
medium
 
 
Information Transmitter Receiver Information
source  
destination

 
 
 
 E1-3F     
 
 J‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K J‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬

- 10 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E2-3F‫א‬
 
Information
signal in
 
Information signal
in
  signal

Message
 
Source Converter Transmitter
Original form Electromagnetic  
form
 
Transmitting
channel
 
Information Information signal
Sink
signal in
Converter
in
Receiver
 
Message
Original form Electromagnetic
form
signal  
 
 E2-3F
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E3 J3F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Radio frequency band Optical fiber band
 
AM TV Satellite and Infrared visible ultraviolet
radio FM radar  
 
 
105 106 107 108 109 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017
Frequency (Hz)  
E3-3F

- 11 -
 EF‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

2
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
4 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
v ( t )  A 0  A 1 cos( wt )  A 2 cos( 2 wt )  ...  A n cos( nwt ) 
 

  B 0  B 1 Sin ( wt )  A 2 sin( 2 wt )  ...  A n sin( nwt )

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬V(t)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 V(t) = A0 + A1 cos wt + A2 cos( 2 wt) + … + An cos( nwt)
W‫א‬‫א‬V(t)‫א‬
V(t) = A0 + B1 sin wt + B2 sin( 2 wt) + … + Bn sin( nwt )
 
WEsinusoidalF‫א‬E1-4F‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،EsinusoidalF
 KEsinusoidalF

+ + =

E1-4F
 
- 12 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E2-4F
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE2-4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 WEfunction generator F‫א‬‫ א‬K2
sine, f = 1 kHz, V p-p = 20V, V DC = 0V.
 KEFFT ModuleF‫ א‬K3
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K4
 Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs, f min = 0 kHz, f max = 10 kHz
،E3-4F‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K5
 KE1-4F‫א‬
 WEfunction generator F‫א‬‫ א‬K6
triangular, f = 1 kHz, V p-p = 20V, V DC = 0V.
،E4-4F‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K7
 KE2-4F‫א‬
 WEfunction generator F‫א‬‫ א‬K8
square,f = 1 kHz, V p-p = 20V, V DC = 0V.
،E5-4F‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K9
 KE3-4F‫א‬
- 13 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 W‫ א‬
 

E3-4F
 

E4-4F
 
 
 

- 14 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

E5-4F
 
1-4 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
1

2-4
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
1
2
3
4

3-4 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
1
2
3
4
5

- 15 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬ 
 
‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________
 
‫א‬،E1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 ‫؟‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________

W‫ א‬
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
 _________________________
 

- 16 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
5 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE1-5F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  Closed-loop feedback amplifier
Input = V1
+
Subtractor V2 Voltage
amplifier
V3 V out
 
-
 
V4 Feedback network
 
  
 
     
 E1-5F      
Quartz oscillators،LC‫א‬،RC‫א‬W
 E2-5F‫א‬

- 17 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 E2-5F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬ 

K‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 E3-5F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE3-5F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 KEFFT ModuleF‫ א‬K2
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،AM‫א‬ K3
Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs, curve=Y1

- 18 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

KE4-5F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،FM‫א‬ K6
Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs, curve=Y2
KE5-5F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬FFM‫א‬‫א‬ K8
f=10kHz, Vp-p=7V W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫ א‬

E4-5F
 

E5-5F
 

- 19 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬ 
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________

 W‫ א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________

- 20 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
6 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
1   2 1   2
1. cos 1  cos  2  2  cos  cos
2 2
1 1
2. cos 1  cos  2  cos1   2   cos1   2 
2 2
  2   2
3. sin 1  sin  2  2  sin 1  cos 1
2 2
1   2 1   2
4. sin 1  sin  2  2  cos  sin
2 2
 
 E   2f and f1  f 2 F W‫א‬E  F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
f1  f 2
 KE1-6F‫א‬،: f L  , f H  f1  f 2 
2 2
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

- 21 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

E1-6F

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

E2-6F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
KE2-6F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 KEAMF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
 WEfunction generator F‫א‬‫ א‬K3

- 22 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

Sine-wave, f = 1 kHz, V p-p = 7.5V, V DC = 0V.

 KEFFT ModuleF‫ א‬K4
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K5
 Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs, curve = Y1, and in the spectrum analyzer set:
f min = 0 kHz, f max = 20 kHz.  
 KE3 J6F‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K6
 WEfunction generator F‫א‬‫ א‬K7
Sine-wave, f = 9.5 kHz, V p-p = 7.5V, V DC = 0V.
 KEFFT ModuleF‫ א‬K8

- 23 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K9
Y1/div = 2V, X/div = 500µs, curve = Y1, and in the spectrum analyzer set:
f min = 0 kHz, f max = 20 kHz.
 KE4-6F‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K10
 

1 kHzW‫א‬‫א‬ J11
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1 kHzW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J12
 KEFFTF
 
 W‫ א‬

E3-6F
 
 

- 24 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 E4-6F
 

 W‫א‬ 
‫؟‬ fH ,fLW،E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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 _______________________________________

‫؟‬fH ,fL W،E7F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2

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 _______________________________________

 ‫؟‬‫א‬ K3
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 _______________________________________
 W‫ א‬
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- 25 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

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 _________
 

- 26 -
 E F‫א‬

‫א‬
 ‫א‬

3
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
7 ‫א‬
AM (DSBSC) ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 KEAM DSBSCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬  J1
K  J2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 DSBSC, DSBFC and SSB    
 K‫א‬،‫א‬E1-7F‫א‬
 
f c t   Vc cos2f c t  Carrier signal
 
f m t   Vm cos2f mt  Information signal

 
 E1-7F
- 27 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K(fc)‫א‬‫א‬ J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 
K‫א‬‫א‬E2-7F‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬
  f c + f m (max)f c - f m (max)
K‫א‬WEf m (max)F،‫א‬WEf cF
 KEUSBFE f m (max) Hf c F‫א‬،ELSBFEf c - f m (max) F‫א‬
 WELSBFEUSBF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
BW = USB- LSB
BW = 2 f m (max).
Amplitude

Lower Sideband Upper Sideband

Lower side frequencies Upper side frequencies

Frequency
f c - f m (max) fc f c + f m (max)

AM DSBSC

 E2-7F
W‫א‬‫א‬ 

- 28 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 E3-7F
 

- 29 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE3-7F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬EAMF K2
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
DC signal, V DC = 1 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EoscilloscopeF‫ א‬K4
Y1/div = 2 V, Y2/div = 2 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = DUAL
 KEmodulation coefficient k MF‫א‬ K5
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
Sine-wave, f m = 200 Hz, V p-p = 10 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EoscilloscopeF‫ א‬K7
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE4-7F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K8
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K9
Triangular-wave, f m = 200 Hz, V p-p = 10 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EoscilloscopeF‫א‬K10
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE5-7F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K11
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K12
Sine-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 10 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫א‬K13
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y1
 KE6-7F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K14
 KEupper sidebandFElower sidebandF‫א‬‫א‬K15
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K16
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K17
Square-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 10 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫א‬K18
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y1
 KE7-7F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K19

- 30 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W
 W‫א‬
Sine-wave
f c = 10 kHz
V p-p ≈ 7.5 V
Fc t   7.5 sin 2 πf c t 

W‫ א‬
VY1
kM 
VY2

 E5-7F E4-7F

E7-7F E6-7F
f LSB  f c  f m

fUSB  f c  f m

BW  2  f m
- 31 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ K1
a. RF _______________ _______________
b. LF _______________ _______________
c. HF _______________ _______________
d. LSB _______________ _______________
e. USB _______________ _______________
f. DSB _______________ _______________

 ‫؟‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K2
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________

 ‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K3
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

 W‫ א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________

- 32 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

8 ‫א‬
AM (DSBFC) ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،EAM DSBFCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEAM DSBFCFEAM DSBSCF
W‫ א‬
،‫א‬EAM DSBSCF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬K( AM DSBFCF( AM DSBSC)
،EAM DSBSCF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
EAM DSBFCF‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE1-8F‫א‬
Source Information AM DSBSC Summation DSBFC
Modulator Stage
Signal

Oscillator Carrier Carrier

Signal
  Signal

E1-8F
KE2-8F‫א‬،‫א‬EDCFW‫א‬‫א‬
 
Source Information AM DSBSC Summation DSBFC
Modulator Stage
Signal

Oscillator Carrier Carrier

  Signal Signal

E2-8F
 W،EAM DSBFCFE3-8F‫א‬
- 33 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

Ef m (max)F،‫א‬Ef cF،Ef cFE f c + f m,FEf c - f m F

 K‫א‬
‫א‬KEUSBFE f m (max) Hf c F‫א‬،ELSBFEf c - f m (max) F‫א‬
 WELSBFEUSBF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
B = 2 f m (max).
 

Carrier AM
Amplitude

DSBFC
LSB USB

Lower side frequencies Upper side frequencies

Frequency
fc - fm fc fc + fm

 E3-8F
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E4-8F

- 34 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 E5-8F
 W
 W‫א‬
Sine-wave
f c = 10 kHz
V p-p ≈ 7.5 V
Fc t   7.5 sin 2 πf c t 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE4-8F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬EAMF K2
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
 Sine-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 2 V, V DC = 1.7 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫ א‬K4
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE6-8F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K5
 KEupper sidebandFElower sidebandF‫א‬‫ א‬K6
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K7
 KE5 J8F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K9
Sine-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 2.5 V, V DC = 0 V
- 35 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫א‬K10
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE7-8F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K11
 KEupper sidebandFElower sidebandF‫א‬‫ א‬K12
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K13
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K14
Triangular-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 2.5 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫א‬K15
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE8-8F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K16
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K17
Square-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 2.5 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫א‬K18
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
 KE9-8F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K19

- 36 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

W‫ א‬

E6-8F
f LSB  f c  f m

fUSB  f c  f m

BW  2  f m

E7-8F
f LSB  f c  f m

fUSB  f c  f m

BW  2  f m

- 37 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

E8-8F

 E9-8F
 

- 38 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

W‫א‬ 
 ‫؟‬EAM DSBFCFEAM DSBSCF‫א‬  J1
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 
 ‫؟‬EAMDSBFCF،‫א‬‫א‬  J2
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  J3
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 
 W‫ א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
 
 
- 39 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
9 ‫א‬
AM ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬
 EAMF‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 KE%100F‫א‬W‫א‬
 
Em
m
Ec
1
Em  Vmax  Vmin 
2
1
E c  Vmax  Vmin 
2
Vmax  Vmin 
m
Vmax  Vmin 
M  m  100

E1-9F‫א‬    (m=0)E2-9F‫א‬

m<1‫א‬ E3-9F m=1 ‫א‬ E4-9F

- 40 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

V max
V min

m>1‫א‬ E5-9F YT MODE E6-9F

 
 EYTF‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬E2-9F‫א‬‫א‬E1-9F‫א‬
 W
a. No-modulation m=0 E29F‫א‬‫א‬
b. Under-modulation m<1 E39F‫א‬‫א‬
c. Full-modulation m=1 E49F‫א‬‫א‬
d. Over modulation m>1 E59F‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E6-9F‫א‬KEYT modeF
 
modulation F‫א‬‫א‬ 
،7-9FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Etrapezoid or XY mode
‫א‬،E10-9F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE9-9،8-9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 41 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

m=1‫א‬E8-9F  m<1‫א‬E7-9F

V max

V min

XY MODEE10-9F  m>1‫א‬E9-9F

 EYTF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 

E11-9F
- 42 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE11-9F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬EAMF K2
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
 Sine-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 2.5 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬Eoscilloscope F‫ א‬K4
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y2
 KE12-9F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K5
Epercent modulationFEcoefficient of modulation F‫א‬‫ א‬K6
 KEYT modeF‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7
Sine-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 3.4 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬Eoscilloscope F‫ א‬K8
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y2
 KE13-9F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K9
Epercent modulationFEcoefficient of modulation F‫א‬‫א‬K10
 KEYT modeF‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K11
 Sine-wave, f m = 1 kHz, V p-p = 5.5 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬Eoscilloscope F‫א‬K12
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y2
 KE14-9F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K13
Epercent modulationFEcoefficient of modulation F‫א‬‫א‬K14
 KEYT modeF‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K15
Sine-wave, f m = 200 Hz, V p-p = 2.5 V, V DC = 0 V
W‫א‬‫א‬Eoscilloscope F‫א‬K16
 Y1/div = 500 mV, Y2/div = 2 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = XY
 KE15-9F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K17

- 43 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

Epercent modulationFEcoefficient of modulation F‫א‬‫א‬K18

KEXT modeF‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K19
 Sine-wave, f m = 200 Hz, V p-p = 3.4V, V DC = 0 V
W‫א‬‫א‬Eoscilloscope F‫א‬K20
 Y1/div = 500 mV, Y2/div = 2 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = XY
 KE16-9F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K21
Epercent modulationFEcoefficient of modulation F‫א‬‫א‬K22
 KEXT modeF‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K23
 Sine-wave, f m = 200 Hz, V p-p = 5.5 V, V DC = 0 V
W‫א‬‫א‬Eoscilloscope F‫א‬K24
 Y1/div = 500 mV, Y2/div = 2 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = XY
 KE17-9F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K25
Epercent modulationFEcoefficient of modulation F‫א‬‫א‬K26
 KEXT modeF‫א‬

- 44 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫ א‬

 E13-9F E12-9F

E15-9F E14-9F

- 45 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

E17-9F E16-9F
m
Vmax  Vmin 
Vmax  Vmin 
M  m  100
Modulation
V max V min m M
condition
Step-06
Step-10
Step-14
Step-18
Step-22
Step-26
E1-9F

- 46 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

W‫א‬ 
W‫א‬‫א‬EF K1
 W‫א‬ 
 E F    K‫א‬‫ א‬K
E F    K‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

W‫ א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________
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 _______________________________________________________________

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
10 ‫א‬
AM (SSB) ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 KE(AM-SSB)single sideband AMF‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫ א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬(AM-DSB)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 W(AM-DSB) ‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،EUSBFELSBF‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K2
EUSBFELSB FK‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

Source Information AM DSB Filter SSB

signal Modulator Signal Signal

Oscillator Carrier
signal

ESSBF‫א‬E1-10F
 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEAM-SSBFEAM-DSBF‫א‬،‫א‬

- 48 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAM-SSBF 
 W‫א‬K‫א‬
 WAM single sideband full carrier (SSBFC) J 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
 WAM single sideband suppressed carrier (SSBSC) J 
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 WAM single sideband reduced carrier (SSBRC) J 
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 WAM independent sideband (ISB) J 
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  
 WAM vestigial sideband (VSB) J 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2-10F‫א‬  
Carrier Carrier
DSB SSBFC
Amplitude

Amplitude

LSB USB USB

f f
fc fc
SSBSC SSBRC
Amplitude

Amplitude

USB USB
f f
fc fc
Carrier
ISB VSB
Amplitude

Amplitude

Ch A (f m1) Ch B (f m2) LSB USB

f f
fc fc

E2-10F

- 49 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

 E3-10F

E4-10F

- 50 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE3-10F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬EAMF K2
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ebode moduleF‫ א‬K3
f min = 5000 Hz, f max = 25000 Hz, steps = 40, V p-p = 12 V, and deactivate the phase.
 (on)
  KEcut-offF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K5
 KEcut-offF‫א‬ K6
  KE4-10F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
Sine-wave, f m = 2.5 kHz, V p-p = 1 V, V DC = 1.7 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫ א‬K9
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y2, T source = OFF
 KE1-10F‫א‬KE6-10F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K10
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K11
 Sine-wave, f m = 2.5 kHz, V p-p = 1 V, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫א‬K12
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y2
 KE1-10F‫א‬KE7 J10F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K13
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K14
 Sine-wave, f m = 3.5 kHz, V p-p = 3.4 V, V DC = 1.7 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫א‬K15
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y2
 KE1-10F‫א‬KE8-10F‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K16
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K17
 Sine-wave, f m = 2 kHz, V p-p = 3.4 V, V DC = 1.7 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫א‬K18
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y1
 KE1-10F‫א‬KE9-10F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K19

- 51 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K20
 Sine-wave, f m = 2.5 kHz, V p-p = 1 V, V DC = 1.7 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫א‬K21
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 200 µs, curve = Y2
 KE1-10F‫א‬KE10-10F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K22

- 52 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 :‫ א‬
 

E5-10F
f cut off  ___________ in - 3dB

E7-10F E6-10F

E9-10F E8-10F

- 53 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 E10-10F

 -10 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ -13 ‫א‬ ‫א‬

LSB LSB
Carrier Carrier
USB USB
 -16 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  -19 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
LSB LSB
Carrier Carrier
USB USB
 -22 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
LSB 1-10
Carrier
USB

- 54 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬ 
 ‫؟‬EDSB-AMF‫א‬  J1
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬،  J
 E F   K‫א‬ J
 
 ‫(؟‬SSB)(DSB) ‫א‬ J3
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________
 
 ‫(؟‬DSBFC)٪100‫א‬‫א‬(SSB)٪100‫א‬ J4
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________
 

 W‫ א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________

- 55 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
11 ‫א‬
EAM DSBfcdemodulationF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 KEAM DSBfcF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE1-14F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAM DSBfcF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
( AM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Kdemodulation)
 
Source Informati AM DSBSC Summation DSBFC
Modulator Stage
on

Oscillator Carrier Carrier

Signal Signal

 E1-14F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E2-14F‫א‬

 
 E2-14F

- 56 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

AM F‫א‬‫א‬(y1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،E3-14F‫א‬EDSBFC
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(USB)(LSB)‫א‬‫א‬(Band-pass filter)
‫א‬(y2)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(fc)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E4-14F‫א‬‫א‬E2-14F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
AM F‫א‬‫א‬(detector) ‫א‬ 
 KE5-14F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EDSBFC
(Low-pass filter)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬KE6-14F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

Carrier AM
Amplitude

DSBFC
LSB USB

Lower side frequencies Upper side frequencies

Frequency
fc - fm fc fc + fm

 E3-14F

 
 E4-14F

- 57 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 E5-14F

 
 E6-14F

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
W،‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 KE1-14F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬EAMF K3
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
 Sine-wave, f m = 2 kHz, V p-p = 5 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬EFFTF‫ א‬K5
Y1/div = 5 V, X/div = 500 µs, curve = Y1
KE7-14F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6
K(USB)(LSB)‫א‬ K7
W،‫א‬‫א‬ K8
KE2-14F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K9
KE8-14F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y1)‫א‬K10
K(USB)(LSB)‫א‬K11
KE9-14F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y2)‫א‬K12
K‫א‬K13
KE10-14F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y3)‫א‬K14
- 58 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

KE11-14F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y4)‫א‬K15
K‫א‬K16
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬ K17
K
 
 
 
 
 

W‫א‬‫א‬ 


 E8-14FE7-14F
 

- 59 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫ א‬
 
LSB= ,USB= ,fc=

 E9-14F

 E10-14F

- 60 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 E11-14F
 W‫א‬ 
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

- 61 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K2
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ (detector) K3
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 
 W‫ א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

 
 

- 62 -
 EF‫א‬

‫א‬
 ‫א‬

4
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 12 ‫א‬
FM ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EVCOF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEFMF
 
W‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬EVCOF
،E1-11F‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
Input Voltage Change
Signal   Control in
 
 E1-11F
K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE2-11F‫א‬
EFMF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،EVCOF
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 63 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

coefficientmodulatorF‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬EVCOFEVCOFE(K)
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
f/Hz  
 
f2  
f 2  f1 Hz  
k
f1
V2  V1 V
 

0 V1 V2
 
V/V
     
 
 
 
 E2-11F
 
 

- 64 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 

E 3-11 F

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE3-11F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬EFMF K2
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
 DC, V DC = 0 V
trigger = +Y1.W‫א‬‫א‬Efrequency counter F‫ א‬K4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K5
 (10kHzF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7
Sine-wave, DC, V DC = J 10 V
KEfrequency counterF‫א‬ K8
KE10VF‫א‬E8F‫א‬،E2.5VF‫א‬‫א‬ K9
KE1-11F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1-11F‫א‬K10
KEV IN = 0VFEmodulation coefficient kFK11

 

- 65 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫ א‬

IN (V) -10 -7.5 -5 -2.5 0 2.5 5 7.5 10

OUT
(Hz)

Fig. 1-3

V1  ___  f1  _____
V2  ___  f 2  _____
f1  f 2
k
V1  V2
k

 W‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬(  )،‫א‬‫א‬(  ) K1
 E F   KEVCOF‫א‬ J
 E F     K‫א‬EVCOF J
 E F KEVCOF‫א‬‫א‬EModulator coefficientF J

- 66 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E2-11F‫א‬E1-11F‫א‬ K2
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________

 ‫؟‬EModulator coefficientF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K3
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________
 
 W‫ א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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- 67 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
13 ‫א‬
FM ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬،EFMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫ א‬
EPMF‫א‬،Eangle modulationF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EFMF‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EFMF‫א‬E1-12F‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
A/V Modulating Signal

t/s

A/V Carrier Signal

 
t/s  
 
A/V
A/V Modulated Signal  
      
t/s
     
 
 E1-12F

- 68 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
mt   Vc cosc t   t 
mt   Vc cosc t  m cos m t 
 
‫א‬EVCOF‫א‬‫א‬E2-12F‫א‬
EdiodeF،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 E2-12F    
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
fc 
2 LC
 W‫א‬‫א‬
k  Vm f
m 
fm fm
f  k  Vm
:(Carson bandwidth) ‫و ﻋﺮض اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬

Bfm=2*(m+1)*Fm

- 69 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

:‫رﺳﻤﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ 

 
 
 E3-12F

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE3-12F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬EFMF K2
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
 DC, V DC = 0 V
W‫א‬‫א‬Efrequency counter F‫ א‬K4
 trigger = +Y1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K5
 (10kHzF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6
trigger = OFFW‫א‬‫ א‬K7
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
Sine-wave, V p-p = 20 V, fm = 1 kHz, V DC = 0 V.
  W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫ א‬K9
curve = Y1, f min = 0 kHz, f max = 20 kHz, Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs.
 E4-12F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K10
 k = 280 Hz / VW‫א‬KΔF، BFM،μWK11
- 70 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K12
Sine-wave, V p-p = 10 V, fm = 1.5 kHz, V DC = 0 V.
  W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫א‬K13
curve = Y1, f min = 0 kHz, f max = 20 kHz, Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs.
 E5-12F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K14
 k = 280 Hz / VW‫א‬KΔF، BFM،μWK15
 
 W‫ א‬

E4-12F

E5-12F
k  Vm
m , use Vm  V p BFM  2  m  1  f m  f  k  Vm 
fm

- 71 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

E6-12F
k  Vm
m , use Vm  V p BFM  2  m  1  f m  f  k  Vm 
fm

 W‫א‬ 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Eangle modulationF K1
 E F       K‫א‬‫ א‬K
E F       K‫א‬‫א‬ K
E F       K‫א‬‫ א‬K

 W‫א‬‫א‬(  )،‫א‬‫א‬(  ) K2

 E F   KEPMF‫א‬‫א‬ K
 E F  KEVCOF‫א‬EFM modulatorsF K
 E F    KEVCOF‫א‬‫א‬ K
 E F  EVCOF‫א‬EModulator coefficientF K
 E F   EFMF‫א‬‫א‬K

 ‫(؟‬FM) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
 _________________________________________________ K
_________________________________________________ K
 _________________________________________________ K
 

- 72 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

Carson F‫א‬EFMF‫א‬ K4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Ebandwidth
 ‫؟‬ECarson bandwidthF
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _________________________________
 
W‫ א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________

- 73 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

14 ‫א‬
FM ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬KEFMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE3-line methodF‫א‬
W‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE1-13F‫א‬،‫א‬
Bessel functions of the first kind

1.0

0.9 J0

0.8

0.7

0.6 J1
J2
0.5
J3
J4
0.4

0.3
Jn(m)

0.2

0.1

0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5

 
Modulation index m

 E1-13F
2  n  J n  

J n1    J n1  
 
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E1-13F‫א‬
‫א‬En = 2F،‫א‬،‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
- 74 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E2-13F‫א‬ELSL1, LSL2 , LSL3 F

 WE2-13F‫א‬
4  LSL2
 E213F
LSL1  LSL3
 W
LSL: mains Lower Side Line.
 
A/V
 
LSL 1

 
Carrier
LSL 2

 
LSL 3

 
fm
 
 
f c – 2f m fc f c + 2f m f/Hz
 
f c – 3f m fc– fm fc+ fm f c – 3f m
      
 
 
 E2-13F
 

:(Bessel) ‫وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬

BFM=2*(n*fm)

 K(m)‫א‬(n)
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 
:‫ رﺳﻤﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬

 
 E3-13F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE3-13F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬EFMF K2
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
 DC, V DC = 0 V
 W‫א‬‫א‬Efrequency counter F‫ א‬K4
trigger= +Y1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K5
(10kHzF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6
trigger = OFFW‫א‬‫ א‬K7
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
 Sine-wave, V p-p = 20 V, fm = 1 kHz, V DC = 0 V
  W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫ א‬K9
curve = Y1, f min = 0 kHz, f max = 20 kHz, Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs
 E4-13F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K10

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 KE1-13F‫א‬ELSLFW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K11
ECarson bandwidthF‫א‬،ΔF،μWK12
 KEBesselF
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K13
Sine-wave, V p-p = 10 V, fm = 1.5 kHz, V DC = 0 V
  W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫א‬K14
curve = Y1, f min = 0 kHz, f max = 20 kHz, Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs
 E5-13F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K15
 KE2-13F‫א‬ELSLFW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K16
 KEBesselFECarson bandwidthF‫א‬،ΔF،μWK17

 W‫ א‬

E4-13F
‫א‬ ‫א‬
LSL1
LSL2
LSL3
E1-13F
f  kVm
4 LSL2
m
LSL1  LSL3

B  2n  f m , n  3 B  2f  f m 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 E5-13F

‫א‬ ‫א‬
LSL1
LSL2
 E2-13F
f  kVm
4 LSL2
m
LSL1  LSL3
  B  2f  f m  B  2n  f m , n  2

 W‫א‬ 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________
 
ECarson bandwidthF‫א‬ K2
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫؟‬EBesselFECarson bandwidthF‫א‬‫א‬K3
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________
 
W‫ א‬
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

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 EF‫א‬

‫א‬
 ‫א‬

5
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 15 ‫א‬ 
EFMdemodulationF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 KEFMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE1-15F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
( FM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Kdemodulation)

 E1-15F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
mt   Vc cos c t   t 
mt   Vc cos c t  m cos m t 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬E2-15F‫א‬

E2-15F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 W(FM)‫א‬
 (VCO),(phase detector),(Low-pass filter)
(FM)‫א‬‫א‬(y1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(phase detector)KE3-15F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬K(VCO) ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

E3-15F

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
W،‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 KE1-15F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬EFMF K3
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
 DC, V DC = 0 V
  trigger = +Y1W‫א‬‫א‬Efrequency counter F‫ א‬K5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6
 (10kHzF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K7
trigger = OFFW‫א‬‫ א‬K8
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K9
Sine-wave, V p-p = 20 V, fm = 1 kHz, V DC = 0 VK10

- 81 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬EFFT F‫א‬K11
curve = Y1, f min = 0 kHz, f max = 20 kHz, Y1/div = 5V, X/div = 200µs.
KE4-15F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K12
W،‫א‬‫א‬K13
KE2 J15F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K14
KE5-15F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y1)‫א‬K15
 KE6-15F‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬(y2)‫א‬K16
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬ K17

W‫ א‬

 E5-15F E4-15F

- 82 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 E6-15F
 

 

 

 W‫א‬ 
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ (phase detector) K2

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________

 W‫ א‬
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
- 83 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 _______________________________________________________________

- 84 -
  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

Wayane Tomasi `` Electronic communication systems fundamental through advanced `` .

Schaum’s outlines `` Analog and digital communications`` McGraw Hill (1993).

Horld B. Killen `` Communication techniques`` Macmilan publishing company New

York (1985).

Louis E. Frenzel `` Communication electronics principles and applications`` McGraw

Hill 3 rd edition (2000).

Gary M. Miller`` Modern electronic communications`` Prentice Hall International Inc

(1996).

Dornhofer G. and Nies A. ``STE 6.1.6 High frequency circuits using plug in system
electrical engineering and electronics`` Lybold Didactic GMBH (1990).

Lathi B.P. `` Modern digital communication systems`` second edition, Rinehart and
Winston Inc., Orlando 32887 (1989). The translated copy by. Dr. Ibrahim El khadi, Dr.
Abdelaziz El rouisi amd Dr. Adel Ali `` King Saoud University``.

Saad Ali El Haj Bakri and Mohamad abderhman El harbi`` Intoduction to

communication`` King Saoud university (1988).
  136  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
   K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
   K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
 1  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
1 ............................................................................. COM3LAB‫א‬
6 ............................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬
10...................................................................................... ‫א‬
 12  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
12............................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬
17....................................................................................................‫א‬
21................................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬
   K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
26.......................................................................................... AM (DSBSC)
31 .......................................................................................... AM (DSBFC)
3740 ................................................................................. AM
448 .............................................................................................AM (SSB)
 52 ......................................................... EAM DSBfcdemodulationF‫א‬
   K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
59........................................................................................................FM
64...................................................................................... FM
70...................................................................................... FM
76................................................................... EFMdemodulationF‫א‬
 80  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 