KR101775383B1 - 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조 방법 및 리튬 이온 이차전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조 방법 및 리튬 이온 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 11
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003991 Rietveld refinement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 57
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008629 Li0.96Ni0.795Co0.104Mn0.101O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008979 Li0.97Ni0.798Co0.151Mn0.051O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008873 Li0.98Ni0.799Co0.099Mn0.102O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007714 Li1.00Ni0.802Co0.099Mn0.089Zr0.010O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008179 Li1.01Ni0.803Co0.102Mn0.095O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006457 Li1.02Ni0.803Co0.099Mn0.098O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018553 Ni—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940093474 manganese carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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Abstract
[해결수단] 본 발명의 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질은, 공간군 R-3m에 귀속되는 층상 구조 화합물을 포함하는 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질로서, 상기 층상 구조 화합물은, 조성식 : Li1 + aM1O2 +α(식 중, M1은, Li 이외의 금속 원소로서 적어도 Ni를 포함하고, -0.03≤a≤0.10, -0.1<α<0.1이다)로 표시되며, M1에 있어서의 Ni의 비율이 70원자%보다 크고, 리트벨트법에 의한 구조 해석에 의한 3a 사이트에 있어서의 천이 금속의 사이트 점유율이 2% 미만이며, 상기 양극 활물질 중의 잔류 수산화리튬의 함유량이 1질량% 이하인 것을 특징으로 한다.
Description
도 2는 본 발명의 리튬 이차전지를 이용한 발전 시스템의 일 실시형태를 나타내는 도면.
2 모터
3 태양 전지
4 풍력 발전 장치
5 전력계통
6 전지 모듈
10 전기 자동차
S 발전 시스템
Claims (9)
- 공간군 R-3m에 귀속되는 층상 구조 화합물을 포함하는 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질로서,
상기 층상 구조 화합물은, 조성식 :
Li1+aNibMncCodM2eO2+α
(식 중, M2는, Li, Ni, Mn 및 Co 이외의 금속 원소이며, -0.03≤a≤0.10, 0.7<b<1.0, 0<c<0.3, 0<d<0.3, 0≤e<0.1, b+c+d+e=1, -0.1<α<0.1이다)으로 표시되며, Li 이외의 금속 원소 중의 Ni의 비율이 70원자%보다 크고, 리트벨트법에 의한 구조 해석에 의한 3a 사이트에 있어서의 천이 금속의 사이트 점유율이 2% 미만이며,
상기 양극 활물질 중의 잔류 수산화리튬의 함유량이 1질량% 이하인 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 층상 구조 화합물이, 조성식 :
Li1+aNibMncCodM2eO2+α
(식 중, M2는, Li, Ni, Mn 및 Co 이외의 금속 원소로서, 0≤a≤0.10, 0.7<b<1.0, 0<c<0.3, 0<d<0.3, 0≤e<0.1, b+c+d+e=1, -0.1<α<0.1이다)
로 표시되는 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질. - 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서,
상기 양극 활물질 중의 잔류 리튬 화합물의 함유량이 0.1질량% 이상, 2.0질량% 이하인 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질. - 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서,
상기 양극 활물질 중의 잔류 수산화 리튬의 함유량이 0.35질량% 이상, 1질량% 이하인 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질. - 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서,
1차 입자가 복수개 응집 결합된 2차 입자를 포함하고, 상기 1차 입자의 평균 입경이 1㎛보다 작고, 상기 2차 입자의 평균 입경이 1㎛보다 큰 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질. - 제1항 또는 제2항에 기재된 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법으로서,
Li 이외의 금속 원소를 포함하는 원료와, 탄산리튬을 80질량% 이상 포함하는 리튬 원료를 평균 입경이 0.3㎛ 이하가 되도록 분쇄 혼합하는 분쇄 혼합 공정과,
얻어진 분쇄 혼합분을 650℃ 이하에서 열처리하는 열처리 공정과,
열처리한 분쇄 혼합분을 740℃ 이상 850℃ 미만에서 소성하는 소성 공정을 갖는 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제6항에 있어서,
상기 분쇄 혼합 공정과 상기 열처리 공정의 사이에, 분쇄 혼합 공정에 의해 얻어진 분쇄 혼합분을 평균 입경 1㎛ 이상의 응집 입자로 하는 조립(造粒) 공정을 갖는 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제7항에 있어서,
상기 조립 공정이, 분무 건조법을 사용하여 행해지는 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제1항 또는 제2항에 기재된 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극과, 음극과, 세퍼레이터를 구비하는 리튬 이온 이차전지.
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