KR101596342B1 - 도전 부재 및 그 제조 방법 - Google Patents
도전 부재 및 그 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101596342B1 KR101596342B1 KR1020117011662A KR20117011662A KR101596342B1 KR 101596342 B1 KR101596342 B1 KR 101596342B1 KR 1020117011662 A KR1020117011662 A KR 1020117011662A KR 20117011662 A KR20117011662 A KR 20117011662A KR 101596342 B1 KR101596342 B1 KR 101596342B1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 345
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910017482 Cu 6 Sn 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 150
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 166
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 138
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 102
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910017518 Cu Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017526 Cu-Cr-Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017752 Cu-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017810 Cu—Cr—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017876 Cu—Ni—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017943 Cu—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003271 Ni-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009038 Sn—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L stannous sulfate Chemical compound [SnH2+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000375 tin(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
- C25D5/505—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment of electroplated tin coatings, e.g. by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
- C25D5/611—Smooth layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
- C25D5/617—Crystalline layers
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
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- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
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- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
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- Y10T29/00—Metal working
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- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
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Abstract
(해결 수단) Cu계 기재(1)의 표면에 Ni계 하지층(2)을 통해 Cu-Sn 금속간 화합물층(3), Sn계 표면층(4)이 이 순서대로 형성됨과 아울러 Cu-Sn 금속간 화합물층(3)은 또한 Ni계 하지층(2) 위에 배치되는 Cu3Sn층(5)과 Cu3Sn층(5) 위에 배치되는 Cu6Sn5층(6)으로 이루어지고, 이들 Cu3Sn층(5) 및 Cu6Sn5층(6)을 합한 Cu-Sn 금속간 화합물층(3)의 Sn계 표면층(4)과 접하는 면에 요철을 가지고 있고, 그 오목부(7)의 두께(X)가 0.05∼1.5㎛로 되어 있고, 또한 Ni계 하지층(2)에 대한 Cu3Sn층(5)의 면적피복률이 60% 이상이고, Cu-Sn 금속간 화합물층(3)의 오목부(7)에 대한 볼록부(8)의 두께(Y)의 비율이 1.2∼5이고, Cu3Sn층(5)의 평균 두께는 0.01∼0.5㎛이다.
Description
도 2는 본 발명의 제조 방법에 의한 리플로우 조건의 온도와 시간의 관계를 그래프로 한 온도 프로파일이다.
도 3은 제 1 실시형태의 도전 부재에 대해 실시예의 표층 부분에 있어서의 단면 현미경 사진이다.
도 4는 비교예의 도전 부재의 표층 부분에 있어서의 단면 현미경 사진이다.
도 5는 도전 부재의 동마찰 계수를 측정하기 위한 장치를 개념적으로 나타내는 정면도이다.
도 6은 본 실시예 및 비교예의 각 도전 부재에 있어서의 접촉 저항의 경시 변화를 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 7은 본 발명에 의한 도전 부재의 제 2 실시형태의 표층 부분을 모델화해 나타낸 단면도이다.
Ni도금조건 | ||
조성 | NiSO4 | 300g/L |
H3BO3 | 30g/L | |
조건 | 온도 | 45∼55℃ |
전류밀도 | 20∼50A/d㎡ | |
액 유속 | 0.5m/초 이상 | |
애노드 | 산화이리듐 피복 티탄 |
Cu도금조건 | ||
조성 |
CuSO4 | 250g/L |
H2SO4 | 60g/L | |
Cl- | 50mg/L | |
조건 | 온도 | 35∼55℃ |
전류밀도 | 20∼60A/d㎡ | |
액 유속 | 0.5m/초 이상 | |
애노드 | 산화이리듐 피복 티탄 |
Sn도금조건 | ||
조성 | SnSO4 | 60g/L |
H2SO4 | 80g/L | |
광택제 | 10mg/L | |
조건 | 온도 | 15∼35℃ |
전류밀도 | 10∼30A/d㎡ | |
액 유속 | 0.5m/초 이상 | |
애노드 | 산화이리듐 피복 티탄 |
Fe도금조건 | ||
조성 | FeSO4 | 250g/L |
NH4Cl | 30g/L | |
조건 | 온도 | 45∼55℃ |
전류밀도 | 5∼25A/d㎡ | |
액 유속 | 0.5m/초 이상 | |
애노드 | 산화이리듐 피복 티탄 |
Fe-Ni도금조건 | ||
조성 | NiSO4 | 105g/L |
FeSO4 | 10g/L | |
H3BO3 | 45g/L | |
조건 | 온도 | 45∼55℃ |
전류밀도 | 5∼25A/d㎡ | |
액 유속 | 0.5m/초 이상 | |
애노드 | 산화이리듐 피복 티탄 |
3: Cu-Sn 금속간 화합물층 4: Sn계 표면층
5: Cu3Sn층 6: Cu6Sn5층
7: 오목부 8: 볼록부
10: 도전 부재 30: 도전 부재
31: Fe계 하지층
Claims (6)
- Cu계 기재의 표면에 Ni계 하지층을 통해 Cu-Sn 금속간 화합물층, Sn계 표면층이 이 순서대로 형성됨과 아울러 Cu-Sn 금속간 화합물층은 또한 상기 Ni계 하지층 상에 배치되는 Cu3Sn층과 그 Cu3Sn층상에 배치되는 Cu6Sn5층으로 이루어지고,
이들 Cu3Sn층 및 Cu6Sn5층을 합한 상기 Cu-Sn 금속간 화합물층의 상기 Sn계 표면층과 접하는 면에 요철을 가지고 있고,
그 오목부의 두께가 0.05∼1.5㎛로 되고, 또한 상기 Ni계 하지층에 대한 Cu3Sn층의 면적피복률이 60% 이상이고, 상기 Cu-Sn 금속간 화합물층의 상기 오목부에 대한 볼록부의 두께의 비율이 1.2∼5이고, 상기 Cu3Sn층의 평균 두께는 0.01∼0.5㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는 도전 부재. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 Cu계 기재와 상기 Ni계 하지층 사이에 Fe계 하지층이 개재되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 도전 부재. - 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 Fe계 하지층은 0.1∼1.0㎛의 두께인 것을 특징으로 하는 도전 부재. - 제 1 항의 도전 부재를 제조하는 방법으로서,
Cu계 기재의 표면에 Ni 또는 Ni합금, Cu 또는 Cu합금, Sn 또는 Sn합금을 이 순서대로 도금하여 각각의 도금층을 형성한 후 가열하여 리플로우 처리함으로써 상기 Cu계 기재상에 Ni계 하지층, Cu-Sn 금속간 화합물층, Sn계 표면층을 순서대로 형성하고,
상기 Ni 또는 Ni합금에 의한 도금층을 전류 밀도가 20∼50A/d㎡인 전해 도금에 의해 형성하고,
상기 Cu 또는 Cu합금에 의한 도금층을 전류 밀도가 20∼60A/d㎡인 전해 도금에 의해 형성하고, 상기 Sn 또는 Sn합금에 의한 도금층을 전류 밀도가 10∼30A/d㎡인 전해 도금에 의해 형성하고, 상기 리플로우 처리는 상기 도금층을 형성한 후 1∼15분 경과한 후에 도금층을 20∼75℃/초의 승온 속도로 240∼300℃의 피크 온도까지 가열하는 가열 공정과, 상기 피크 온도에 이른 후 30℃/초 이하의 냉각 속도로 2∼10초간 냉각하는 1차 냉각 공정과, 1차 냉각 후에 100∼250℃/초의 냉각 속도로 냉각하는 2차 냉각 공정을 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 도전 부재의 제조 방법. - 제 2 항 또는 제 3 항의 도전 부재를 제조하는 방법으로서,
Cu계 기재의 표면에 Fe 또는 Fe합금, Ni 또는 Ni합금, Cu 또는 Cu합금, Sn 또는 Sn합금을 이 순서대로 도금하여 각각의 도금층을 형성한 후 가열하여 리플로우 처리함으로써 상기 Cu계 기재상에 Fe계 하지층, Ni계 하지층, Cu-Sn 금속간 화합물층, Sn계 표면층을 순서대로 형성하고,
상기 Fe 또는 Fe합금에 의한 도금층을 전류 밀도가 5∼25A/d㎡인 전해 도금에 의해 형성하고,
상기 Ni 또는 Ni합금에 의한 도금층을 전류 밀도가 20∼50A/d㎡인 전해 도금에 의해 형성하고,
상기 Cu 또는 Cu합금에 의한 도금층을 전류 밀도가 20∼60A/d㎡인 전해 도금에 의해 형성하고, 상기 Sn 또는 Sn합금에 의한 도금층을 전류 밀도가 10∼30A/d㎡인 전해 도금에 의해 형성하고, 상기 리플로우 처리는 상기 도금층을 형성한 후 1∼15분 경과한 후에 도금층을 20∼75℃/초의 승온 속도로 240∼300℃의 피크 온도까지 가열하는 가열 공정과, 상기 피크 온도에 이른 후 30℃/초 이하의 냉각 속도로 2∼10초간 냉각하는 1차 냉각 공정과, 1차 냉각 후에 100∼250℃/초의 냉각 속도로 냉각하는 2차 냉각 공정을 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 도전 부재의 제조 방법. - 삭제
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