JP2021131396A - レーダ対応センサフュージョン - Google Patents
レーダ対応センサフュージョン Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021131396A JP2021131396A JP2021085256A JP2021085256A JP2021131396A JP 2021131396 A JP2021131396 A JP 2021131396A JP 2021085256 A JP2021085256 A JP 2021085256A JP 2021085256 A JP2021085256 A JP 2021085256A JP 2021131396 A JP2021131396 A JP 2021131396A
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2015年10月6日に出願された米国仮特許出願連続番号第62/237,975号への優先権を請求しており、米国仮特許出願連続番号第62/237,975号の開示は本願明細書において全文、参照により援用される。
多くのコンピューティングデバイスおよび電子デバイスは、デバイスの周囲に基づいてシームレスかつ直観的なユーザ体験を提供するためにセンサを含む。たとえば、デバイスは、加速度計がデバイスの動きを示すことに応答してスリープ状態を終了し得、または、デバイスのタッチスクリーンは、近接センサがユーザの顔への接近を示すことに応答して無効化され得る。しかしながら、これらのセンサのほとんどは、精度、レンジまたは機能が制限されており、デバイスの周囲の粗い変化または大きな変化のみを感知可能である。したがって、正確なセンサ入力がなければ、デバイスはしばしば、異なるタイプのユーザインタラクションを推論するか、または、ユーザが存在するのかどうかについても推論することになる。これは、誤ったユーザ入力、ユーザの誤った検出または非検出、および、ユーザのフラストレーションにつながる。
この開示は、レーダ対応センサフュージョン(radar-enabled sensor fusion)のため
の装置および技術を記載する。いくつかの実施形態において、レーダフィールドが提供され、当該レーダフィールドにおけるターゲットに対応する反射信号が受信される。反射信号はレーダデータを提供するために変換され、当該レーダデータからは、ターゲットの物理的特徴を示すレーダ特徴が抽出される。物理的特徴に関連付けられる追加的なセンサデータを提供するよう、レーダ特徴に基づいてセンサがアクティベートされる。その後、レーダ特徴は、たとえばレーダ特徴の精度または分解能を増加させることによって、レーダ特徴を向上させるために追加的なセンサデータで増強される。これにより、向上されたレーダ特徴に依存するセンサベースアプリケーションの性能が改善され得る。
ストモデルに基づいて、当該スペースについてのコンテキストが抽出され、デバイスのコンテキストセッティングを構成するために使用される。
概略
従来のセンサ技術はしばしば、所与のタイプのセンサに関連付けられる固有の欠点により制限されるとともに不正確である。たとえば、加速度計によって提供されるデータによってモーションが感知され得るが、加速度計データは当該モーションの源を決定するには
有用ではない場合がある。他の場合においては、近接センサは、ある対象との接近を検出するのに十分なデータを提供し得るが、当該対象の識別性は接近データから決定可能でない場合がある。したがって、従来のセンサは、ユーザに対するデバイスの関係を含む、デバイスの周囲の不正確または不完全な感知につながり得る欠点または盲点を有する。
図1は、レーダ対応センサフュージョンが有効化され得るコンピューティングデバイスを示す。コンピューティングデバイス102は、スマートグラス102−1、スマートウォッチ102−2、スマートフォン102−3、タブレット102−4、ラップトップコンピュータ102−5、および、ゲームシステム102−6といったさまざまな非限定的な例示的なデバイスを有することが示されているが、ホームオートメーションおよび制御システム、エンターテイメントシステム、音声システム、他の家電製品、セキュリティシステム、ネットブック、自動車、スマート機器、ならびに、e−リーダといった他のデバイスが使用されてもよい。なお、コンピューティングデバイス102は、ウェアラブルであり得るか、非ウェアラブルであるが携帯可能であり得るか、または、相対的に携帯不可能(たとえばデスクトップおよび電気製品)であり得る。
ローカルエリアネットワーク(WLAN: wireless local-area-network)、パーソナルエリアネットワーク(PAN: personal-area-network)、ワイドエリアネットワーク(WAN:wide-area-network)、イントラネット、インターネット、ピアツーピアネット
ワーク、ポイントツーポイントネットワーク、および、メッシュネットワークなどを介してデータを通信し得る。ディスプレイ116は、コンピューティングデバイス102に一体化され得るか、または、たとえばゲームシステム102−6といったコンピューティングデバイス102に関連付けられ得る。
チからテレビを制御したり、部屋に亘ってステレオからの歌またはボリュームを変更したり、オーブンまたはオーブンタイマー(ここでは近いフィールドが有用である)をオフしたり、部屋でライトをオンまたはオフしたりなどを行うレーダフィールドを含む。レーダセンサ120またはそのエミッタは、連続的に変調された放射線、超広帯域放射線、または、サブミリメートル周波数放射線を放射するように構成され得る。
加的には、センサ118は、コンピューティングデバイス102のユーザとのインタラクションを可能にするか、または、コンピューティングデバイス102のユーザからの入力を受信する。そのような場合において、センサ118は、圧電センサ、タッチセンサ、または、ハードウェアスイッチ(たとえばキーボード、スナップドームまたはダイヤルパッド)に関連付けられる入力感知ロジックなどを含み得る。
さらに、水分レベルが決定されることを可能にする湿度センサと共に実現され得る。いくつかの場合において、温度センサは、コンピューティングデバイス102を保持、装着、または携帯しているユーザの体温を感知し得る。付加的または代替的には、コンピューティングデバイスは、温度を遠隔で感知し得るか、または、対象との物理接触なしで感知し得る赤外線熱センサを含み得る。
0は、ユーザの識別を可能にするユーザの顔または他の身体特徴のようなユーザに関連付けられる像をキャプチャするように実現され得る。
またはコンピューティングデバイスの環境の3次元深さマップを分解し得る。
02−1に関連付けられる。これらのデバイスは、ゲームシステム304とのユーザインタラクションを改善するよう一緒に動作する。たとえば、ゲームシステム304はコンテンツ表示およびユーザインタラクションが行われ得るタッチスクリーン310を含むものとする。このタッチスクリーン310は、スクリーンにタッチすることができるように人が直立および前方といったような特定の方位で座ることを必要とするといったように、ユーザにいくつかのチャレンジを提示し得る。さらに、タッチスクリーン310を通じて制御を選択するためのサイズは、何人かのユーザにとってインタラクションを難しくし得、時間が浪費され得る。しかしながら、レーダセンサ302−1を考えると、レーダセンサ302−1は、たとえば1つまたは2つの手によるジェスチャを含む3次元における小さくまたは大きくシンプルまたは複雑であるジェスチャにより、ユーザの手がデスクトップコンピュータ304とインタラクションすることを可能にする近いレーダフィールド308−1を提供する。容易に明白であるように、ユーザがそれを介して選択を行い得る大きなボリュームは実質的により容易であり得、タッチスクリーン310の平面のような平面を介してより良好な体験を提供し得る。
ーンにするか、または、所望の周波数帯または所望のデータフォーマットにある当該信号のバージョンを生成する。付加的または代替的には、生データを前処理することは、雑音フロアを低減するかまたはエイリアシングを除去するために生データをフィルタリングすることと、異なるサンプルレートにて得るようデータを再サンプリングすることと、信号の複素表現(complex representation)を生成することとなどを含み得る。信号変換器502は、デフォルトパラメータに基づいて、生データを前処理し得る。他の場合においては、たとえば、当該前処理のタイプおよびパラメータは、センサフュージョンエンジン110またはコンテキストマネージャ112によって構成可能である。
ムおよび変換は、ターゲット認識情報を産出するレンジプロファイルアルゴリズム、高分解能ターゲット認識情報を産出するマイクロドップラーアルゴリズム、および、対応する周波数の視覚表現を産出するスペクトログラムアルゴリズムなどを含み得る。
る。これらのデータ変換物から、特徴抽出器504は、1つ以上のレーダ特徴510を分解、抽出、または、識別する。これらのレーダ特徴510は、ターゲットのさまざまな特性、力学または特徴を示し得、この例では、検出特徴512、反射特徴514、モーション特徴516、位置特徴518、および、形状特徴520を含む。これらの特徴は、例としてのみ記載されており、センサフュージョンエンジンが生レーダデータまたは変換されたレーダデータから特徴またはジェスチャ情報を抽出する態様を限定するようには意図されない。たとえば、レーダ特徴抽出器504は、信号変換器502によって提供されるレーダデータ表現から、レンジ特徴または画像特徴のような代替的なレーダ特徴を抽出し得る。
て実現される機械学習アルゴリズムのような任意の好適なタイプのアルゴリズムが使用され得る。
は部屋のマップを提供するために、センサデータ506と組み合わせられ得る。たとえば、3Dレーダ像をキャプチャしてメッシングを行うための合成開口技術を実現するために位置および慣性センサデータが活用され得る。したがって、デバイスがある環境を通って移動すると、コンテキストマネージャ112は、さまざまなスペースおよび部屋の詳細または高分解能3Dマップを構築し得る。付加的または代替的には、3D像は、光学的なオクルージョンによってキャプチャされ得るか、または、アクティビティ認識を改善するよう、センサフュージョンの他の技術と組み合わせて使用され得る。
図6、図8、図10、図11、図13および図14は、レーダ対応センサフュージョンおよび/またはレーダベースのコンテキスト感知を実現するための方法を示す。これらの方法は、実行される動作を特定するブロックのセットとして示されているが、それぞれのブロックによって動作を実行するために、示される順序または組み合わせに必ずしも限定されない。たとえば、本願明細書において記載される概念から逸脱することなく代替的な
方法を実現するよう、異なる方法の動作が任意の順序で組み合わされ得る。以下の議論の部分では、図1〜図5を参照して当該技術が記載され得る。図1〜図5への参照は例示目的のみである。当該技術は、これらの図において記載される1つのデバイスまたは複数のデバイス上で動作する1つのエンティティまたは複数のエンティティによる実行に限定されない。
レイするために、ラップトップ102−5のジェスチャ駆動コントロールメニューを使用していると仮定する。レーダセンサ120は、ゲームコントロールを可能にするようユーザ702の動きをキャプチャするためにレーダフィールド704を提供する。
ついて追加的なセンサデータを提供するためにアクティベートされ得る。他の場合において、モーション特徴または位置特徴について追加的なデータを得るために加速度計またはジャイロスコープがアクティベートされ得る。さらに別の場合において、検出特徴を改善するよう、マイクロフォンまたは深さセンサからデータが受信され得る。当該例を引き続き参照して、センサフュージョンエンジン110は、空間情報をキャプチャするためにラップトップ102−5のRGBセンサ220をアクティベートする。
、形状特徴またはモーション特徴が、変換されたレーダデータから抽出される。本例のコンテキストにおいて、第1および第2のユーザについて検出レーダ特徴が、反射されたレーダ信号から抽出される。
方法800は、レーダフィールドの反射信号におけるその後の変化についてレーダセンサを監視するよう、動作812から動作802に戻り得る。本例を結論付けると、RGBセンサ220は、テレビジョンのチャネルを変更した後に低電力状態に戻され、さらに別のアクティビティがレーダセンサ120によって検出されるまで、低電力状態で存在し得る。
位データ、慣性データ、モーションデータおよび方向データなどを含み得る。いくつかの場合において、レーダスキャニングまたはレーダイメージングのために、合成開口技術を実現するのに位置データが有用である。付加的または代替的には、デバイスの他のセンサが、スペースの環境を示すデータを提供し得る。たとえば、音響センサは、当該スペースに存在する環境雑音(たとえばファンの雑音または機械類の雑音)を識別するのに有用なデータを提供し得る。当該例を引き続き参照して、スマートフォン102−3の加速度計202は、ユーザが部屋の全体にわたって移動すると、センサフュージョンエンジン110に慣性および方位データを提供する。
応であり、無線またはジェスチャで駆動される制御機能を通じて制御され得ることとを示す。たとえば、スマートフォン102−3上でのメディアの再生は、リビングルームに入ったときに、テレビジョン1204に転送され得る。
Dレーダ特徴か、または、3Dレーダ特徴を構築するのに有用な1Dおよび2Dの特徴の組み合わせを含み得る。3Dレーダ特徴は、対象のスペースまたはエリアの物理的局面をキャプチャするレーダ反射特徴、モーション特徴または形状特徴を含み得る。たとえば、3Dレーダ特徴は、スペースにおけるターゲットについてのレンジ、位置または形状情報を含み得る。本例のコンテキストにおいて、タブレットコンピュータ102−4のセンサフュージョンエンジン110は、環境1500のリビングルーム内のターゲットと環境1500のリビングルームの形状とを識別するのに有用であるレーダ特徴を抽出する。
ビティまたは検出イベントについて、環境1500を監視する。
図16は、レーダ対応センサフュージョンを実現するために、上記の図1〜図15を参照して記載されるように任意のタイプのクライアント、サーバおよび/またはコンピューティングデバイスとして実現され得る例示的なコンピューティングシステム1600のさまざまなコンポーネントを示す。
)を含み得る。コンピューティングシステム1600上に格納されるメディアコンテンツは、任意のタイプの音声、ビデオおよび/または画像データを含み得る。コンピューティングシステム1600は、人間の発声と、レーダフィールドとのインタラクションと、ユーザが選択可能な入力(明示または暗黙的)と、メッセージと、音楽と、テレビジョンメディアコンテンツと、記録されたビデオコンテンツと、任意のコンテンツおよび/またはデータ源から受信される任意の他のタイプの音声、ビデオおよび/または画像データといった、任意のタイプのデータ、メディアコンテンツおよび/または入力が受信され得る1つ以上のデータ入力1606を含む。
態の制御アプリケーション、ソフトウェアアプリケーション、信号処理および制御モジュール、特定のデバイスに対してネイティブのコード、抽出モジュールまたはジェスチャモジュールなどといったデバイスマネージャを含み得る。デバイスアプリケーション1618はさらに、レーダ対応センサフュージョンを実現するために、センサベースアプリケーション108、センサフュージョンエンジン110およびコンテキストマネージャ112のようなシステムコンポーネント、エンジンまたはマネージャを含む。
レーダ対応センサフュージョンを使用する技術およびレーダ対応センサフュージョンを含む装置を特徴および方法に特有の言語で記載したが、添付の特許請求の範囲の対象は、記載された特定の特徴または方法に必ずしも限定されないということが理解されるべきである。むしろ、特定の特徴および方法は、レーダ対応センサフュージョンが実現され得る例示的な態様として開示される。
Claims (20)
- デバイスのレーダ放射要素を介してレーダフィールドを提供することと、
前記デバイスのレーダ受信要素を介して、前記レーダフィールドにおけるターゲットに対応する1つ以上の反射信号を受信することと、
レーダデータを提供するよう前記1つ以上の反射信号を変換することと、
前記ターゲットの物理的特徴を示すレーダ特徴を前記レーダデータから抽出することと、
前記物理的特徴に関連付けられる追加的なセンサデータを提供するよう、前記レーダ特徴に基づいて前記デバイスのセンサをアクティベートすることと、
前記レーダ特徴を向上するために前記追加的なセンサデータにより前記レーダ特徴を増強することと、
センサベースアプリケーションの性能を改善するのに有効であるように、向上された前記レーダ特徴を前記センサベースアプリケーションに提供することとを含む、コンピュータによって実現される方法。 - 前記レーダ特徴は、ターゲット検出、ターゲット反射、ターゲットモーション、ターゲット位置またはターゲット形状のうちの1つを含む、請求項1に記載のコンピュータによって実現される方法。
- 前記レーダ特徴は、ターゲットの数、合計の反射エネルギー、移動エネルギー、1次元の速度、1次元の速度分散、3次元空間座標、または、1次元空間分散を示す、請求項2に記載のコンピュータによって実現される方法。
- 前記1つ以上の反射信号を変換することは、レンジドップラー変換、レンジプロファイル変換、マイクロドップラー変換、I/Q変換、または、スペクトログラム変換のうちの1つを実行することを含む、請求項1に記載のコンピュータによって実現される方法。
- 前記センサベースアプリケーションは、近接検出、ユーザ検出、ユーザ追跡、アクティビティ検出、顔認識、呼吸検出、または、モーションシグネチャ識別を含む、請求項1に記載のコンピュータによって実現される方法。
- 前記追加的なセンサデータを提供する前記センサは、加速度計、ジャイロスコープ、ホール効果センサ、磁力計、温度センサ、マイクロフォン、容量センサ、近接センサ、環境光センサ、赤緑青(RGB)画像センサ、赤外線センサ、または、深さセンサを含む、請求項1に記載のコンピュータによって実現される方法。
- 前記追加的なセンサデータにより前記レーダ特徴を増強することは、
前記レーダ特徴の位置精度を増加させること、
前記レーダ特徴に起因する偽陽性検出を軽減すること、
前記レーダ特徴の空間分解能を増加すること、
前記レーダ特徴の表面分解能を増加すること、または、
前記レーダ特徴の分類精度を改善することによって、
前記レーダ特徴を向上させるのに有効である、請求項1に記載のコンピュータによって実現される方法。 - 前記デバイスのレーダセンサは、前記レーダ放射要素およびレーダ受信要素を含み、前記レーダセンサは、アクティベートされる前記センサより少ない電力を消費し、前記レーダセンサは、前記1つ以上の反射信号における変化が検出されるまで、前記センサが低電力状態にある間、動作され、前記デバイスの電力を節約するのに有効である、請求項1に
記載のコンピュータによって実現される方法。 - 装置であって、
1つ以上のコンピュータプロセッサと、
レーダセンサとを含み、前記レーダセンサは、
レーダフィールドを提供するように構成されるレーダ放射要素と、
前記レーダフィールドに対応する1つ以上の反射信号を受信するように構成されるレーダ受信要素と、
前記装置の環境の変動を感知するように構成されるセンサと、
命令を格納している1つ以上のコンピュータ読取可能記憶媒体とを含み、
前記命令は、前記1つ以上のコンピュータプロセッサによる実行に応答して、
デバイスのレーダ放射要素を介してレーダフィールドを提供することと、
前記デバイスのレーダ受信要素を介して、前記レーダフィールドにおけるターゲットに対応する1つ以上の反射信号を受信することと、
レーダデータを提供するよう前記1つ以上の反射信号を変換することと、
前記ターゲットの物理的特徴を示すレーダ特徴を前記レーダデータから抽出することと、
前記ターゲットの前記物理的特徴について追加的なセンサデータを提供するよう、前記レーダ特徴に基づいて前記デバイスのセンサをアクティベートすることと、
前記追加的なセンサデータにより前記レーダ特徴を増強することと、
増強された前記レーダ特徴をセンサベースアプリケーションに提供することとを行うよう、センサフュージョンエンジンを実現する、装置。 - 前記装置は、複数のそれぞれのタイプの環境の変動を感知するように複数のセンサを含んでおり、前記センサフュージョンエンジンはさらに、前記レーダ特徴のタイプを決定し、前記レーダ特徴の前記タイプに基づいて、前記追加的なセンサデータを提供するために前記複数のセンサのうちのどれをアクティベートするかを選択するように構成される、請求項9に記載の装置。
- 前記環境の変動を感知するように構成される前記センサは、加速度計、ジャイロスコープ、ホール効果センサ、磁力計、温度センサ、マイクロフォン、容量センサ、近接センサ、環境光センサ、赤緑青(RGB)画像センサ、赤外線センサ、または、深さセンサを含む、請求項9に記載の装置。
- 前記レーダ特徴は、前記レーダフィールドにおけるターゲットの数、合計の反射エネルギー、移動エネルギー、1次元の速度、1次元の速度分散、3次元空間座標、または、1次元空間分散とを示す、請求項9に記載の装置。
- 前記レーダセンサはさらにアンテナアレイを含み、前記アンテナアレイを通じて、前記レーダ放射要素は前記レーダフィールドを提供し、前記レーダ受信要素は前記1つ以上の反射信号を受信する、請求項9に記載の装置。
- 前記アンテナアレイは、前記レーダ放射要素に直接的に結合される少なくとも2つのアンテナと、前記レーダ受信要素に直接的に結合される少なくとも2つのアンテナとを含む、請求項13に記載の装置。
- 前記装置は、スマートフォン、スマートグラス、スマートウォッチ、タブレットコンピュータ、ラップトップコンピュータ、セットトップボックス、スマート電気製品、ホームオートメーションコントローラ、または、テレビジョンとして具現化される、請求項9に記載の装置。
- レーダフィールドを提供するように構成されるレーダ放射要素と、
反射信号を受信するように構成されるレーダ受信要素と、
前記レーダフィールドが提供されるとともに前記反射信号が受信されるアンテナアレイと、
1つ以上のセンサとの通信を可能にするように構成されるデータインターフェイスと、
プロセッサと、
命令を格納しているコンピュータ読取可能記憶媒体とを含み、
前記命令は、前記コンピュータプロセッサによる実行に応答して、
前記レーダ放射要素にレーダフィールドを提供させることと、
前記レーダ受信要素を介して、前記レーダフィールドに対応する前記反射信号のうちの1つ以上を受信することと、
レーダデータを提供するよう前記1つ以上の反射信号を変換することと、
前記レーダデータをレーダ特徴に分解することと、
環境の変動を示すセンサデータを前記1つ以上のセンサから受信することと、
向上されたレーダ特徴を提供するために、前記環境の変動を示す前記センサデータにより前記レーダ特徴を増強することと、
向上された前記レーダ特徴をセンサベースアプリケーションに公開することとを実行するようにセンサフュージョンエンジンを実現する、システムオンチップ。 - 前記レーダ特徴は、ターゲット検出、ターゲット反射、ターゲットモーション、ターゲット位置またはターゲット形状のうちの1つを含む、請求項16に記載のシステムオンチップ。
- 前記1つ以上のセンサは、加速度計、ジャイロスコープ、ホール効果センサ、磁力計、温度センサ、マイクロフォン、容量センサ、近接センサ、環境光センサ、赤緑青(RGB)画像センサ、赤外線センサ、または、深さセンサのうちの1つを含む、請求項16に記載のシステムオンチップ。
- 前記アンテナアレイは、前記レーダ放射要素に動作可能に接続される少なくとも2つのオンチップアンテナと、前記レーダ受信要素に動作可能に接続される少なくとも2つのオンチップアンテナとを含む、請求項16に記載のシステムオンチップ。
- レーダフィールドを提供するように構成される前記レーダ放射要素、レーダ受信要素、および、アンテナアレイはさらに、レーダデータの少なくとも4つのチャネルへの変換に好適な反射信号を提供するように構成される、請求項19に記載のシステムオンチップ。
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