JP2015110596A - 免疫応答を増強するための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
免疫応答を増強するための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015110596A JP2015110596A JP2015000020A JP2015000020A JP2015110596A JP 2015110596 A JP2015110596 A JP 2015110596A JP 2015000020 A JP2015000020 A JP 2015000020A JP 2015000020 A JP2015000020 A JP 2015000020A JP 2015110596 A JP2015110596 A JP 2015110596A
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Abstract
【解決手段】感染を有する被験体を処置する方法であって、被験体に酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を、その感染を処置するのに十分な量で投与する方法。抗生物質及び/又は抗原と酸化的に変換されたカロテノイド又はその成分とを同時又は互いに14日以内に投与する方法。
【選択図】図1
Description
本発明は、酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドおよびその成分の投与のための組成物、方法およびキットを提供する。これらの組成物は被験体の生得および適応免疫系を増感するのに有用であり得、よって、感染を処置するために、または免疫化のアジュバントとして使用することができる。
本発明は、酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドおよびその成分の投与のための組成物、方法およびキットを提供する。これらの組成物は感染に対して被験体の生得および適応免疫系を増刊するのに有用であり得る。
本発明は感染に対する被験体の生得および適応免疫系を増感するための方法を特徴とする。
本発明の方法および組成物は、例えば、気道感染、急性細菌性中耳炎、細菌性肺炎、尿路感染、複雑性感染、腎盂腎炎、腹腔内感染、細菌性敗血症、皮膚および皮膚構造感染、軟組織感染、中枢神経系感染、菌血症、創傷性感染、腹膜炎、髄膜炎、火傷後感染、尿生殖路感染、骨盤炎症性疾患、心内膜炎、血管内感染、および本明細書に記載されている他のいずれかの感染を処置するために使用可能である。
本発明の方法および組成物は、抗原の免疫原性を高めるために使用可能である(すなわち、免疫化に用いるアジュバントとして)。被験体が免疫され得る疾病には、ウイルス性疾患、アレルギー発現、粘膜を通過する、または粘膜表面に定着する細菌またはその他の病原体により引き起こされる疾病、AIDS、自己免疫疾患(全身性紅斑性狼瘡など)および癌などの、免疫化により治療または予防され得る全ての疾病が含まれる。本発明を用いて治療または予防可能なウイルス感染の例としては、EBVおよびVZ、特に、ヘルペスウイルス科(例えば、HSVおよびHCMV)、アデノウイルス科、パポウイルス科(HPVなど)、ヘパドナウイルス科(HBVなど)などのDNAウイルスによる感染、ピコルバウイルス科、特に、ポリウイルスおよびHAV、ライノウイルスおよびFMDV、トガウイルス科、フラビウイルス科、コロナウイルス科、パラミクソウイルス科(RSVなど)、またはオルソミクソウイルス科(インフルエンザウイルスなど)、およびレトロウイルス科、特にHIVなどのRNAウイルスによる感染が挙げられる。
本発明の方法、キットおよび組成物はまた抗生物質を含み得る。例えば、酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分は、限定されるものではないが、アミカシン、アプラマイシン、アルベカシン、バンベルマイシン、ブチロシン、ジベカシン、ジヒドロストレプトマイシン、フォーチマイシン、フラジオマイシン、ゲンタマイシン、イスパマイシン、カナマイシン、ミクロノマイシン、ネオマイシン、ウンデシレン酸ネオマイシン、ネチルマイシン、パロモマイシン、リボスタマイシン、シソマイシン、スペクチノマイシン、ストレプトマイシン、ストレプトニコジドおよびトブラマイシンなどのアミノグリコシド;アジダムフェニコール、クロラムフェニコール、クロラムフェニコールパルミレート(chloramphenicol palmirate)、パントテン酸クロラムフェニコール、フロルフェニコールおよびチアムフェニコールなどのアンフェニコール;リファンピシン、リファブチン、リファペンチンおよびリファキシミンなどのアンサマイシン;アミジノシリン、アムジノシリン、ピボキシル、アモキシリン、アンピシリン、アスポキシリン、アジドシリン、アズロシリン、バカンピシリン、ベンジルペニシリン酸、ベンジルペニシリン、カルベニシリン、カルフェシリン、カリンダシリン、クロメトシリン、クロキサシリン、シクラシリン、ジクロキサシリン、ジフェニシリン、エピシリン、フェンベニシリン、フロキシリン、ヘタシリン、レナンピシリン、メタンピシリン、メチシリン、メズロシリン、ナフシリン、オキサシリン、ペナメシリン、ペネタメートヒドロヨージド(penethamate hydriodide)、ペニシリンGベネタミン、ペニシリンGベンザシン、ペニシリンGベンズヒドリルアミン、ペニシリンGカルシウム、ペニシリンGヒドラガミン、ペニシリンGカリウム、ペニシリンG、プロカイン、ペニシリンN、ペニシリンO、ペニシリンV、ペニシリンVベンザシン、ペニシリンVヒドラバミン、ペニメピサイクリン、フェネチシリン、ピペラシリン、ピバピシリン、プロピシリン、キナシリン、スルベニシリン、タランピシリン、テモシリンおよびチカルシリンなどのβ−ラクタム;イミペネムなどのカルバペネム;1−カルバ(デシア)セファロスポリン、セファクトール、セファドロキシル、セファマンドール、セファトリジン、セファゼドン、セファゾリン、セフィキシム、セフメノキシム、セフォジジム、セフォニシド、セフォペラゾン、セフォラニド、セフォタキシム、セフォチアム、セフピミゾール、セフピリミド、セフポドキシムプロキセチル、セフロキサジン、セフスロジン、セフタジジム、セフテラム、セフテゾール、セフチブテン、セフチゾキシム、セフトリアキソン、セフロキシム、セフゾナム、セファセトリルナトリウム、セファレキシン、セファログリシン、セファロリジン、セファロスポリン、セファロシン、セファピリンナトリウム、セフラジン、ピブセファレキシン、セファロシン、セファクロール、セフォテタン、セフプロジル、ロラカルベフ、セフェタメットおよびセフェピムなどのセファロスポリン;セフブペラゾン、セフメタゾール、セフミノクス、セフェタンおよびセフォキシチンなどのセファマイシン;アズトレオナム、カルモナムおよびチゲモナンなどのモノバクタム;フロモキセフおよびモキソラクタムなどのオキサセフェム;クリンダマイシンおよびリンコマイシンなどのリンコサミド;アジスロマイシン、カルボマイシン、クラリスロマイシン、エリスロマイシンおよび誘導体、ジョサマイシン、ロイコマイシン、ミデカマイシン、ミオカマイシン、オレアンドマイシン、プリマイシン、ロキタマイシン、ロサラマイシン、ロキシスロマイシン、スピラマイシンおよびトロレアンドマイシンなどのマクロライド;アンフォマイシン、バシトラシン、カプレオマイシン、コリスチン、エンデュラシジン、エニロマイシン、フサファンギン、グラミシジン、グラミシジンS、ミカマイシン、ポリミキシン、ポリミキシンβ−メタンスルホン酸、プリスチナマイシン、リストセチン、テイコプラニン、チオストレプトン、ツベラクチノマイシン、チロシジン、チロスリシン、バンコマイシン、ビオマイシン、バージニアマイシンおよび亜鉛バシトラシンなどのポリペプチド;スピサイクリン、クロロテトラサイクリン、クロモサイクリン、デメクロサイクリン、ドキシサイクリン、グアメサイクリン、ライムサイクリン、メクロサイクリン、メタサイクリン、ミノサイクリン、オキシテトラサイクリン、ペニメピサイクリン、ピパサイクリン、ロリテトラサイクリン、サンサイクリン、セノサイクリンおよびテトラサイクリンなどのテトラサイクリン;ならびにブロジモプリム、テトロキソプリムおよびトリメトプリムなどの2,4−ジアミノピリミジン;フラルタドン、フラゾリウム、ニフラデン、ニフラテル、ニフルホリン、ニフルピリノール、ニフルプラジン、ニフルトイノールおよびニトロフラントインなどのニトロフラン;アミフロキサシン、シノキサシン、シプロフロキサシン、ジフロキサシン、エノキサシン、フレロキサシン、フルメキン、ロメフロキサシン、ミロキサシン、ナリジクス酸、ノルフロキサシン、オフロキサシン、オキソリン酸、パーフロキサシン、ピペミド酸、ピロミド酸、ロソキサシン、テマフロキサシンおよびトスフロキサシンなどのキノロン;アセチルスルファメトキシピラジン、アセチルスルフィソキサゾール、アゾスルファミド、ベンジルスルファミド、クロラミン−β、クロラミン−T、ジクロラミン−T、フォルモスルファチアゾール、N2−ホルミル−スルフィソミジン、N4−β−D−グルコシルスルファニラミド、マフェニド、4’−(メチル−スルファモイル)スルファニラニリド、p−ニトロスルファチアゾール、ノプリルスルファミド、フタリルスルファセタミド、フタリルスルファチアゾール、サラゾスルファジミジン、スクシニルスルファチアゾール、スルファベンズアミド、スルファセタミド、スルファクロルピリダジン、スルファクリソイジン、スルファシチン、スルファジアジン、スルファジクラミド、スルファジメトキシン、スルファドキシン、スルファエチドール、スルファグアニジン、スルファグアノール、スルファレン、スルファロクス酸、スルファメラジン、スルファメータ、スルファメタジン、スルファメチゾール、スルファメトミジン、スルファメトキサゾール、スルファメトキシピリダジン、スルファメトロール、スルファミドクリソイジン、スルファモキソール、スルファニルアミド、スルファニルアミドメタンスルホン酸トリエタノールアミン塩、4−スルファニルアミドサリチル酸、N4−スルファニリルスルファニルアミド、スルファニリルウレア、N−スルファニリル−3,4−キシルアミド、スルファニトラン、スルファペリン、スルファフェナゾール、スルファプロキシリン、スルファピラジン、スルファピリジン、スルファソミゾール、スルファシマジン、スルファチアゾール、スルファチオウレア、スルファトラミド、スルフィソミジンおよびスルフィソキサゾールなどのスルホンアミド;アセダプソン、アセジアスルホン、アセトスルホン、ダプソン、ジアシモスルホン、グルコスルホン、ソラスルホン、スクシスルホン、スルファニル酸、p−スルファニルベンジルアミン、p,p’−スルホニルジアミン−N,N’ジガラクトシド、スルホキソンおよびチアゾールスルホンなどのスルホン;ダプトマイシンなどのリポペプチド;リネゾリドなどのオキサリドン;テリスロマイシンなどのケトリド;ならびにクロフォクトル、ヘキセジン、マガイニン、メテナミン、メテナミンアンヒドロメチレン−シトレート、馬尿酸メテナミン、マンデル酸メテナミン、スルホサリチル酸メテナミン、ニトロキソリン、スクアラミン、キシボルノール、シクロセリン、ムピロシンおよびツベリン(これらに限定されない)から選択される抗生物質と投与することができる。酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分と抗生物質療法の併用は、微生物の耐性株に対する抗生物質の有効性を高めるため、抗生物質による処置を行っている間に微生物の耐性株が形成する可能性の軽減するため、および/または抗生物質負荷を軽減するために望ましいものであり得る。これは酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を用いて微生物に対する宿主免疫応答を増強することによって達成することができる。
本発明は、感染に対する被験体の生得および適応免疫系を増感するための組成物、キットおよび方法を特徴とする。酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドに関する典型的な用量は約5μg/kg〜約50mg/kg体重/日の範囲である。望ましくは、5μg/kg〜5mg/kg体重の間、または5μg/kg〜0.5mg/kg体重の間の用量が投与される。酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドの成分に関する典型的な用量は約0.05μg/kg〜約500μg/kg体重/日の範囲である。望ましくは、0.05μg/kg〜50μg/kg体重の間、または0.05μg/kg〜5μg/kg体重の間の用量が投与される。投与される酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分の用量は、動物の種、食餌および齢などの変数によって異なり得る。実施例1に記載されているもののような標準的試験を用いて、酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分の用量および投与頻度を至適化することができる。
酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分は、全般的口腔衛生に、特に歯垢、歯肉炎および口臭の原因となる微生物を死滅させるために有用な口内洗浄剤または練り歯磨きとして調剤することができる。酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分の濃度は0.0001〜1w/w%、より好ましくは0.001〜0.1w/w%であり得る。
本発明の眼用医薬組成物は、既存の眼用製剤に酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を添加することによって製造することができる。所望により、この眼用医薬組成物は、バッファー、界面活性剤、安定剤、保存剤、眼用湿潤剤および/または眼用希釈剤を含む。眼用溶液に一般に用いられる湿潤剤としては、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、グリセリン、マンニトール、ポリビニルアルコールまたはヒドロキシエチルセルロースが挙げられ、希釈剤は水、蒸留水、無菌水または人工涙であってもよく、その中に湿潤剤は約0.001%〜約10%の量で存在する。酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分の濃度は0.0001〜1w/w%、より好ましくは0.001〜0.1w/w%であり得る。眼用組成物は、例えば、結膜炎、角膜剥離、潰瘍性感染性角膜炎、表層角膜炎、間質性角膜炎またはヘルペスウイルス関連角膜炎をもたらす眼の感染(すなわち、細菌、ウイルス、真菌、またはアメーバー、または寄生虫)の処置に使用することができる。
次の結果は、OxBCが単核食細胞においてサイトカイン応答を活性化することを示している。酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドは、侵入した病原体などの抗原刺激に応答する細胞をプライミングし、抗原刺激を受けた細胞において抗微生物活性を高める能力を有する。
化合物の調製:
OxBCは、β−カロテンから調製し(米国特許第5,475,006号参照)、使用するまで−20℃で保存した。保存溶液(50mMのカロテン当量)は、26.85mg OxBC/ml DMSOを溶解することによって調製し、500μlのアリコートとして−80℃で保存した。使用する200μM OxBC溶液は、適当な培養培地での希釈によって調製し、濾過除菌した(孔径0.22μM)。試験サンプルおよび対照サンプルの双方における、試験したOxBCの同等値およびその関連DMSO量を表1に示す。対照として等量のDMSOビヒクルを用いた。
ヒトTHP−1単球様細胞(急性単球性白血病)は、American Type Tissue Collectionから入手した(#TIB−202)。細胞を、2mM L−グルタミン、10mM HEPES、1.0mMピルビン酸ナトリウム、10%ウシ胎児血清および抗生物質を添加したRPMI−1640培地中で培養した。Miltenyi Biotec MACs磁気分離システムを用いて、末梢血単球(PBM)およびリンパ球(PBL)をそれぞれ、ポジティブおよびネガティブセレクションによって、PBMCから分離した。PBMを、2mM L−グルタミン、10mM HEPES、1.0mMピルビン酸ナトリウム、20%ウシ胎児血清および抗生物質を添加したRPMI−1640培地中で培養した。10%FBSを用いることを除いては同じ培地中にPBLを播種した。具体的な細胞密度および実験条件を以下に記載する。
細胞をナイーブ刺激モデルおよびLPS刺激モデルの双方で評価した。ナイーブ試験では、細胞を様々な時間枠でOxBCに直接曝し、ELISAにより細胞馴化培地(CM)においてサイトカイン発現を評価した。LPS刺激では、細胞をまずOxBCとともに示された期間インキュベートし、その時点でOxBCを除去し、前記化合物を含まない新鮮培地に置き換えた。その後、処理後の異なる時点において、LPS(15ng/ml)で24時間細胞を刺激した後、CMにおけるサイトカインレベルをELISAにより評価した。LPS刺激過程の変形では、一次PBMをまずLPSで24時間刺激した。この初回刺激後、LPS処理細胞をOxBCに24時間曝した後、ELISA分析のためにCMを回収した。
Endogen Human ELISAキット(Pierce)を用い、製造業者の説明書に従って、CMにおけるサイトカインレベルの分析を行った。細胞残渣を除去するためにCMを遠心分離により調製し、サイトカインレベルが各分析評価の線形範囲内に入るように、そのまま用いるか、完全培地で希釈するか、Nanosep 3K遠心式濃縮機(Pall)を用いて濃縮した。必要に応じて、サンプルを−80℃で保存し、使用前に室温で徐々に解凍した。概略としては、対象サイトカインに対して特異的な抗体を吸着しておいたマイクロプレートの各ウェルに50μlサンプルを加え、室温で1〜3時間インキュベートした。プレートを3回洗浄して非特異的に結合した材料を除去し、対象サイトカインに対して特異的なビオチン化抗体とともにさらに1〜3時間インキュベートした。洗浄後、プレートをステプトアビジン−セイヨウワサビペルオキシダーゼ試薬(steptavidin-horse radish peroxidase reagent)とともに30分間インキュベートした後、洗浄サイクルをさらに行った。洗浄したプレートを3,3’,5,5’−テトラメチルベンジジン(TMB)基質とともに30分間インキュベートし、反応を停止させ、450nmで吸光度を測定した(参照波長550nm)。供給されている組換え標準を用いて、各サイトカインについて基準曲線を作成した。
最初の原理証明研究を、非処理(モック)またはOxBC、PMA(25ng/ml)およびビヒクル(DMSO)で24時間処理したTHP−1細胞において行った。OxBCでの直接刺激には炎症性サイトカインレベルに対して認知できる効果はなかった(表2参照)が、調節性サイトカインMCP−1およびIL−8において中等度の増加が検出できた。量の少ないサイトカインの検出を高めるために、これらの研究を、OxBCをサンプルの濃度範囲(2.5μM、7.5μMおよび12.5μM)および濃度にわたって含むように拡大した。12.5μMのOxBCは、MCP−1(58.1±8.8%)およびIL−8(42.1±1.0%)の発現増加を誘導するが、他のサイトカインのレベルについては誘導しないことが分かった(表3参照)。さらに、より低い化合物濃度ではMCP−1およびIL−8発現に変化は認められなかった。MCP−1およびIL−8は双方ともサイトカインとして働いて、感染または損傷の部位に免疫細胞を動員する。例えば、IL−8は、主として炎症性応答内に好中球を動員し、好中球動員因子(NRF)とも呼ばれているが、一方、MCP−1は、主として他の単球を動員する働きをする。単球/マクロファージによるいずれのサイトカインの発現も、抗原の検出または侵入した病原体の食作用に応答して誘導される。
次の結果は、OxBC処理がCD14、CD51、CD16およびCD36(分化マーカーは全て単球の活性化に関与する)の発現増加と関連していることを示している。さらに、リンパ球共刺激分子CD86(すなわちB7)およびCD40Lの発現増加も認められ、生得および適応免疫系の双方を活性化する能力が示唆された。LPS刺激モデルでは、単球を低濃度のOxBCでプライミングした際に、分化マーカーレベルにおける変化はほとんど認められなかった。しかしながら、OxBC処理は、LPS刺激に応答して、共刺激表面受容体の発現増加と関連していた。
化合物の調製
OxBCストックは、実施例1に記載のとおり調製した。
ヒトTHP−1単球様細胞(急性単球性白血病)は、American Type Tissue Collectionから入手した(#TIB−202)。細胞を、2mM L−グルタミン、10mM HEPES、1.0mMピルビン酸ナトリウム、10%ウシ胎児血清および抗生物質を添加したRPMI−1640培地中で培養した。OxBC処理の24時間前に細胞を播種し(5×105細胞/ウェル、6ウェル培養プレート)、1)細胞をOxBC(2.5μM、7.5μMまたは12.5μM)で24時間処理した後(and than)、表面受容体の発現について評価すること;2)細胞をOxBC(0.1μM、0.5μMまたは1.0μM)で24時間処理し、その時点でOxBCを含まない新鮮培地を分析の前に48時間供給すること、および3)細胞をOxBC(0.1μM、0.5μMまたは1.0μM)で24時間処理し、その時点でOxBCを含まない新鮮培地を5日間供給することの3つのプロトコールに従って分析するために回収した:。次いで、処理した細胞をLPS(15ng/ml)で分析の前に24時間刺激した。相当する割合(v/v)のDMSO単独中でインキュベートした細胞を対照とした。LPS刺激を用いなかった研究では、PMA 25ng/ml)を単球分化の陽性刺激因子として用いた。
ヒトCD11b、CD14、CD16、CD36、CD51/CD61、HLA(幅広いイソ型)、HLA−B7、CD86、CD40、CD40LおよびCD3に対するフィコエリトリン(PE)標識一次抗体は、AbCamから入手した。直接免疫蛍光標識およびフローサイトメトリー分析を用いて受容体発現を評価した。概略としては、冷バッファー(10%FBSおよび1%アジ化ナトリウムを含有するPBS)中の三反復の細胞アリコートを低光条件下で一次抗体(10〜20μl)とともに室温で45分間インキュベートした。細胞を3回洗浄し、FacsAriaセルソーターを用いた分析のために500μlのバッファー中に再懸濁した。非標識細胞および抗体単独で標識した細胞を対照とした。
THP−1細胞をOxBCで24時間処理し、分化抗原の発現を直接標識フローサイトメトリーにより評価した。表6および図3に示されるように、OxBC処理の最も印象的な特徴は、評価した濃度範囲での原型単球分化抗原、CD14の発現のアップレギュレーションであった。この効果は用量依存的であり、12.5μMのOxBCを用いた際に2倍の増加のピークを示し、PMAの効果に匹敵する結果であった。CD14は、細菌LPSを検出するためにToll様受容体(TLR)−4とともに補助受容体として作用する膜結合糖タンパク質である。CD14は、そうすることにより、サイトカイン分泌を含む生得免疫応答(細菌感染)および炎症性応答の媒介において極めて重要な役割を果たす。そのため、OxBCによるそのアップレギュレーションは、前記化合物が先天的基礎経路を活性化する能力を有することを示した。CD14に加え、12.5μM濃度のOxBCにおいて、CD51(活性化後の内皮細胞への単球接着に関与するインテグリン)(37%)およびCD16(抗体を認識して抗体誘導細胞死を支援するFc受容体)(39%)の発現のアップレギュレーションも認められた。まとめると、これらの結果により、OxBCは単球様細胞に分化刺激を与えることができるということが証明された。対照としてリンパ球マーカーであるCD3で染色することにより、THP−1細胞がその受容体を発現しないことが示されたことに留意すべきである(データは示していない)。
次の結果は、OxBC処理が食作用増加と関連していることを示している。この研究は、OxBCが初代ヒト単球の培養物における食作用活性に影響を及ぼし得るかどうかを判定するために設計し、この研究によりTHP−1単球様細胞が確立された。OxBC単独で処理したナイーブ単球培養物では食作用増加は明らかであった。しかしながら、OxBCの影響は、OxBCで前処理した後、LPSで刺激した培養物において最大であった。これらの結果は、OxBCが、増加した食作用活性でLPS刺激に応答するように単球をプライミングする能力を有することを示唆している。
化合物の調製
OxBCストックは、実施例1に記載のとおり調製した。
ヒトTHP−1単球様細胞(急性単球性白血病)は、American Type Tissue Collectionから入手した(#TIB−202)。細胞を、2mM L−グルタミン、10mM HEPES、1.0mMピルビン酸ナトリウム、10%ウシ胎児血清および抗生物質を添加したRPMI−1640培地中で培養した。Miltenyi Biotec MACs磁気分離システムを用いて、初代末梢血単球(PBM)を混合末梢血単核細胞調製物から分離した。PBMを、20%ウシ胎児血清を用いたことを除いてはTHP−1細胞と同じ培地中で培養した。以下に記載するOxBC、PMA(25ng/ml)および/またはLPS(15ng/ml)での処理の24時間前に細胞を播種した(1×105細胞/ウェル、96ウェル培養プレート)。相当する割合(v/v)のDMSO単独中でインキュベートした細胞を対照とした。
単球培養における食作用は、フルオレセイン標識大腸菌(K12株)細菌粒子の経口摂取に基づくVybrant食作用アッセイキット(Invitrogen、#V6694)を用いて評価した。概略としては、処理細胞を、ハンクスの緩衝塩溶液中、蛍光生物粒子懸濁液100μlとともに37℃で5時間インキュベートした。インキュベーション後、この懸濁液を除去し、100μlの2%トリパンプルー溶液に1分間置き換えた。このトリパンプルー溶液を除去し、摂取された粒子の数を蛍光マイクロプレートリーダー(励起480nm、発光520nm)を用いて測定した。培地のみを含むウェル(無細胞)を陰性反応対照として用い、これに対して各実験反復を補正した。食活性の測定の前にTHP−1細胞とPBMの双方に関して、(1)細胞を単にOxBCまたはPMAで24時間処理すること;(2)細胞をOxBCまたはPMAで24時間処理し、その時点で化合物を除去し、細胞を完全培地でさらに24時間培養すること;および(3)細胞をOxBCまたはPMAで24時間処理し、その時点で化合物を除去し、LPSを含有する完全培地でさらに24時間細胞を培養することの3つの処理過程を検討した。THP−1細胞に関しては、細胞をOxBCまたはPMAで24時間処理し、その時点で化合物を除去し、細胞を完全培地で72時間回復させるというさらなる過程も検討した。回復後、細胞をLPSで24時間処理した後に食作用を測定した。
単球における食作用に対するOxBCの効果をまず、確立された単球様細胞系統、ヒトTHP−1細胞において、有意な毒性が生じないことが従前に示されている濃度および経時的推移を用いて評価した。ナイーブTHP−1細胞をOxBCで24時間処理しても、評価したいずれの濃度でも食活性を有意に変化させなかった。これに対し、PMA処理は食活性において対照培養物の12.94±2.05倍の増大を伴った。しかしながら、OxBC処理は、食作用を評価する前にTHP−1細胞を24時間回復させた際には、食活性に影響を及ぼすことが分かった。2.5、5または7.5μM(1.34、2.67または4.02μg/ml)のOxBCで処理したTHP−1培養物では、対照に比べて有意に増大した食活性が見られたが、この効果はPMAで見られたもののおよそ2分の1であった(図7参照)。OxBCが10μM(5.38μg/ml)で、おそらくは毒性作用によって、処理培養物における食作用の程度を軽減したことを注記しておく。
本明細書に述べられている全ての刊行物および特許出願ならびに特許は参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
Claims (44)
- 感染を有する被験体を処置する方法であって、該被験体に酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を、該感染を処置するのに十分な量で投与することを含む、上記方法。
- 感染を有する、または感染のリスクを有するヒト被験体を処置する方法であって、該被験体に酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を、該感染を処置するのに十分な量で投与することを含む、上記方法。
- 感染を有する、または感染のリスクを有する被験体を処置する方法であって、該被験体に該感染を処置するのに十分な量の酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を投与することを含み、該酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分が静脈内、眼球、筋肉内、局所、皮下または鼻腔内投与される、上記方法。
- 感染が細菌、ウイルス、真菌または寄生虫によるものである、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 感染が市中肺炎、上下気道感染、皮膚および軟組織感染、急性細菌性中耳炎、細菌性肺炎、複雑性感染、腎盂腎炎、腹腔内感染、細菌性敗血症、中枢神経系感染、菌血症、創傷性感染、腹膜炎、髄膜炎、火傷後感染、尿生殖路感染、骨盤炎症性疾患、心内膜炎および血管内感染から選択される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分が眼の感染の処置のために眼球投与される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分が口腔感染の処置のために被験体の口腔に局所投与される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分が経口、静脈内、筋肉内、眼球、局所、皮下または鼻腔内投与される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 被験体が感染を有すると診断されなかったが、感染のリスクがある、請求項2または3に記載の方法。
- 被験体が感染を有する、請求項2または3に記載の方法。
- 被験体に抗生物質を投与することをさらに含み、該酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分と該抗生物質が同時に、または互いに14日以内に投与される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 免疫される被験体において抗原に対する適応免疫応答を増強する方法であって、(i)該被験体に有効量の酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を投与すること、および(ii)該被験体に抗原を投与することを含み、該酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分が該抗原の前に投与される、上記方法。
- 免疫されるヒト被験体において抗原に対する適応免疫応答を増強する方法であって、該被験体に有効量の酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を投与することを含む、上記方法。
- 免疫される被験体において抗原に対する適応免疫応答を増強する方法であって、該被験体に有効量の酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を投与することを含み、該酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分が、静脈内、眼球、筋肉内、局所、皮下または鼻腔内投与される、上記方法。
- 抗原が病原体に由来する、請求項12〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 病原体が細菌、ウイルス、真菌または寄生虫から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 抗原が炭水化物、糖脂質、糖タンパク質、脂質、タンパク質、リポタンパク質、リン脂質またはポリペプチドである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 病原体が生または弱毒生ウイルスである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 病原体が炭疽、インフルエンザ、ポリオ、麻疹または狂犬病である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分が抗原の14日以内に投与される、請求項12〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分が抗原と同時投与される、請求項13または14に記載の方法。
- 酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分が酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドの重合成分を含んでなる、請求項1、2、3、12、13または14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分が、2−メチル−6−オキソ−2,4−ヘプタジエナール、ジヒドロアクチニジオリド、β−シクロシトラール、β−イオノン、β−イオノン5,6−エポキシド、4−オキソ−β−イオノン、β−イオニリデンアセトアルデヒド、β−イオニリデンアセトアルデヒド5,6−エポキシド、4−オキソ−β−イオニリデンアセトアルデヒド、β−アポ−13−カロテノン、β−アポ−13−カロテノン5,6−エポキシド、4−オキソ−β−アポ−13−カロテノン、レチナール、レチナール5,6−エポキシド、またはそれらの混合物を含む酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドの成分を含んでなる、請求項1、2、3、12、13または14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分が2−メチル−6−オキソ−2,4−ヘプタジエナールを含んでなる、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分が酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドである、請求項1、2、3、12、13または14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分と抗原とを含んでなる、医薬組成物。
- 組成物が経口、静脈内、筋肉内、眼球、局所、皮下または鼻腔内投与用に調剤される、請求項26に記載の医薬組成物。
- 抗原が病原体に由来する、請求項26に記載の医薬組成物。
- 病原体が細菌、ウイルス、真菌または寄生虫から選択される、請求項28に記載の医薬組成物。
- 抗原が炭水化物、糖脂質、糖タンパク質、脂質、タンパク質、リポタンパク質、リン脂質またはポリペプチドである、請求項28に記載の医薬組成物。
- 病原体が生ウイルスまたは弱毒生ウイルスである、請求項28に記載の医薬組成物。
- 病原体が炭疽、インフルエンザ、ポリオ、麻疹または狂犬病である、請求項28に記載の医薬組成物。
- (i)酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を含んでなる医薬組成物と、
(ii)感染を有する、または感染のリスクを有する被験体の処置のために該組成物を投与することに関する説明書
とを含んでなるキット。 - 感染が細菌、ウイルス、真菌または寄生虫によるものである、請求項33に記載のキット。
- 感染が市中肺炎、上下気道感染、皮膚および軟組織感染、急性細菌性中耳炎、細菌性肺炎、複雑性感染、腎盂腎炎、腹腔内感染、細菌性敗血症、中枢神経系感染、菌血症、創傷性感染、腹膜炎、髄膜炎、火傷後感染、尿生殖路感染、骨盤炎症性疾患、心内膜炎および血管内感染から選択される、請求項33に記載のキット。
- 被験体に抗生物質を投与することに関する説明書をさらに含んでなる、請求項33に記載のキット。
- (i)酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を含んでなる医薬組成物と、
(ii)抗原を含んでなる医薬組成物と、
(iii)被験体の免疫化のために該酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分と該抗原を投与することに関する説明書
とを含んでなる、キット。 - 酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を含んでなる、練り歯磨き。
- 酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を含んでなる、口内洗浄剤。
- 眼への投与用に調剤された、酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を含んでなる医薬組成物。
- 点眼剤、眼用塗布剤、眼軟膏、眼用噴霧剤、結膜下注射剤もしくは硝子体内注射剤、コンタクトレンズ、結膜インサートまたは眼用インサートである、請求項40に記載の医薬組成物。
- 被験体において免疫応答を増強する方法であって、該被験体に有効量の酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を投与することを含む、上記方法。
- 感染を有する、または感染のリスクを有するヒト被験体において免疫応答を増強する方法であって、該被験体に有効量の酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を投与することを含む、上記方法。
- 感染を有する、または感染のリスクを有するヒト被験体において免疫応答を増強する方法であって、該被験体に有効量の酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分を投与することを含み、該酸化的に変換されたカロテノイドまたはその成分が静脈内、眼球、筋肉内、局所、皮下または鼻腔内投与される、上記方法。
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US20110217244A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
JP2011500733A (ja) | 2011-01-06 |
CN101909611A (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
DK2214656T3 (en) | 2019-03-25 |
EP2214656B1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
CA2704098C (en) | 2018-01-02 |
KR20100102594A (ko) | 2010-09-24 |
ES2716474T3 (es) | 2019-06-12 |
JP6262158B2 (ja) | 2018-01-17 |
EP2214656A1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
WO2009052629A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
NZ585620A (en) | 2013-03-28 |
AU2008316225B2 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
US10449247B2 (en) | 2019-10-22 |
KR101762753B1 (ko) | 2017-08-04 |
CA2704098A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
PL2214656T3 (pl) | 2019-06-28 |
AU2008316225A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
EP2214656A4 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
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