DK143689B - Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af en adsorberet vaccine - Google Patents
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Description
(19) DANMARK \£2/ t \ CT )
© (12) FREMLÆGGELSESSKRIFT <n) 143689 B
DIREKTORATET FOR PATENT- OG VAREMÆRKEVÆSENET
(21) Ansøgning nr. 1050/76 (51) IntCI.8 A 91 K 39/39 (22) Indleveringsdag 11. mar. 1976 A61K9/18 (24) Løbedag 1 1 · mal' .1976 (41) Aim. tilgængelig 21. s ep. 1 97 6 (44) Fremlagt 28. sep. 1981 (86) International ansøgning nr.
(86) International indleveringsdag (85) Videreførelsesdag -(62) Stamansøgning nr. -
(30) Prioritet 20. mar. 1975, 5573/75, CH 13- maj 1975, 6125/75, CH
(71) Ansøger JOERG KREUTER, CH-8001 Zuerich, CH: PETER PAUL SPEISER, CH-8127
Forch/Zuerich, CH.
(72) Opfinder Samme.
(74) Fuldmægtig Plougmann & Vingtoft Patent bur eau.
(54) Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en adsorberet vaccine.
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en adsorberet vaccine, hvor adsorbenten består af i vandige medier kolloidopløselige eller suspenderbare partikler af fysiologisk tolerabelt polymermateriale, der er fremstillet ved polymerisation i nærværelse af højst 3% overfladeaktivt middel, beregnet på polymerisationsmediet, hvilken fremgangsmåde er ejendommelig ved, at man adsorberer vaccinen til polymerpartiklerne efter endt polymerisation, hvilke polymerpartikler har en stør-q relse på 50 - 300 nm.
7) ^ I tysk offentliggørelsesskrift nr. 2.360.384 er der beskrevet 2- v) -fase-polymerisation af en monomer i nærværelse af et biologisk d- t 3 143689 2 aktivt materiale og ved anvendelse af store mængder overfladeaktivt middel. Fremgangsmåden ifølge nærværende opfindelse adskiller sig herfra ved, at det biologisk aktive materiale (vaccinen) tilsættes efter polymerisationen, der endvidere foretages i enkeltfase og ved anvendelse af kun lidt eller intet overfladeaktivt middel. Fordelen ved fremgangsmåden ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse i forhold til den kendte teknik ligger i, at fremstillingsprocessen er væsentligt enklere.
I dansk patentskrift nr. 106.985 beskrives anvendelsen af alumi-niumoxidpartikler som bærestof, men det har vist sig, at anvendelsen af dette uorganiske bærestof fører til vacciner, der ikke fremkalder så høje antistoftitere som en vaccine, der fremstilles ved fremgangsmåden ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse, hvilket fremgår af nedenstående tabel. I denne tabel er angivet hæmagglutinations-titere, der er opnået i marsvin (grupper på 25 dyr) efter administration af B/Hongkong 8/73-influenzavirus adsorberet på henholdsvis 0,8% polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA)-partikler og på 0,1% Α1(0Η)3~ adjuvans. Den anvendte virusmængde er 800, 80 og 8 I.U.
Tabel.
Hæmagglutinations titere
Vaccine I.U. 2 4 6 8 uger adsorberet på PMMA 800 362 499 6758 3072 A1(0H)3 800 262 731 3421 1676 PMMA 80 59 251 1032 420
Al(OH)3 80 81 155 693 277 PMMA 8 0 13,5 688 202 A1(0H)3 8 13 4,6 81 78,5
Af tabellen fremgår det klart, at den ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen fremstillede vaccine medfører højere antistoftitere end en vaccine, der er adsorberet på en sædvanlig aluminiumhydroxid-adsorbent.
143689 3
De anvendte partikler fremstilles ved, at man opløser en monomer i en væske og polymeriserer eller polykondenserer den efter 1 og for sig kendte metoder. Fortrinsvis isoleres polymerisations- eller polykondensationsproduktet på i og for sig kendt måde, f.eks. ved frysetørring, efter endt polymerisation’ eller polykondeneation, og til disse isolerede partikler adsorberes det biologisk aktive materiale (vaccinen).
Reaktionsproduktet kan isoleres fra reaktionsblandingen efter i og for sig kendte adskillelsesmetoder, og det kan eventuelt renses. Reaktionsblandingen kan dog også under bestemte betingelser, f.eks. ved polymerisation med γ-stråler og uden katalysatorer anvendes direkte som vaccine uden yderligere rensning.
Der kan som opløsningsmiddel anvendes både hydrofile og hydrofobe systemer, men der anvendes dog fortrinsvis vand eller vandige opløsninger såsom fysiologiske pufferopløsninger, f.eks. phosphat-puffer, eller fysiologisk kogsaltopløsning. Som monomere kan der anvendes sådanne, som efter polymerisation eller polykondensation fører til dannelse af fysiologisk tolerable produkter, fortrinsvis styren, vinylpyrrolidon, acrylsyrederivater, methacrylsyrede-rivater og blandinger af disse monomere, især acrylsyremethyl-ester, acrylsyrebutylester, acrylamid, methacrylsyrernethylester, methacrylsyrebutylester og methacrylamid samt blandinger af metha-crylsyremethylester og acrylamid.
Polymerisationen eller polykondensationen af disse monomere kan udføres efter kendte metoder med eller uden stabilisator, f.eks. et grænsefladeaktivt stof, og med eller uden katalysator, hvorhos der anvendes højst 3%, fortrinsvis under 1%, især under den kritiske micetkoncentration, f.eks. 0,1% stabilisator, beregnet på totalmediet. Da reaktionsprodukterne senere skal anvendes som bestanddel af injektionsopløsninger, anvendes fordelagtigt en polymerisations- eller polykondensationsmetode, som fører til så få som muligt eller ingen biprodukter i slutproduktet, og som giver meget rene og veldefinerede produkter, f.eks. polymerisation i autoklav, ved bestråling med UV-lys, med γ-stråler eller med synligt lys i nærværelse af katalysatorer. Under polymerisationen eller polykondensationen er det fordelagtigt at udføre beluftning med 143689 4 en inert gas, f.eks. nitrogen, hvorved indholdet af oxygen i systemet sænkes. Hvis polymerisations- eller polykondensationssyste-met er ustabilt, omrøres der fortrinsvis kraftigt.
Polymerisationen kan udføres fakultativt efter en af de nedenstående varianter: 60 a) γ-Bestråling, f.eks. med en Co -kilde, hvorhos 0,46 Mrad normalt er tilstrækkeligt; b) ved ikke-oxidationsfølsomt materiale kan der som polymerisationskatalysator også anvendes en vandopløselig radikaldanner, f.eks. et persulfat; c) bestråling med synligt lys, f.eks. med en 300 watt glødelampe, riboflavintilsætning (ca. 0,01%) som sensibilisator, kaliumper-sulfat; og d) i tilfælde af UV-strålingstolerabilitet kan der også polymeri-seres med ultraviolet lys, og her virker proteiner fremskynden-de på polymerisationstiden (Needles H.L., Polym. letters 5/595 [1967]) .
Polymerisationen eller polykondensationen kan dog, da det biologisk aktive materiale først tilsættes efter endt reaktion, også udføres under mere energiske reaktionsbetingelser.
Efter isolering og eventuel rensning af de vundne slutprodukter er det vigtigt at udføre en bestemmelse af eventuelt tilstedeværende restmonomere på grund af deres toxiske egenskaber, til hvilket formål der f.eks. kan anvendes den af F.E. Critchfield, G.L. Funk og J.B. Johnsen: Anal. Chem. 28/76 (1955) angivne metode.
Hvis der yderligere er utilladelige mængder monomere til stede, er det nødvendigt at indsætte et rensningstrin. De monomere kan udvaskes med et egnet opløsningsmiddel*-, i hvilket den monomere er godt opløselig. Derefter koncentreres produktet, f.eks. ved centrifugering, filtrering eller dialyse, og indstilles til et passende indhold. Ved stærkt flygtige monomere, f.eks. methylmethacrylat eller styren, kan produktet også frysetørres. Produktet forekommer 5 143689 så i form af et fint pulver, som i denne form kan sættes til antigenet.
På denne måde fremstillede polymerpartikler har en partikelstørrelse af submikroskopisk størrelsesorden, fortrinsvis på 50 - 300 nm.
De ved fremgangsmåden ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse fremstillede adsorberede vacciner er fortrinsvis influenzavacciner, som ved parenteral, især intravenøs administration ikke må overskride en bestemt partikelstørrelse. Ved denne anvendelse optræder en udpræget adjuvansvirkning.
For de ved fremgangsmåden fremstillede vacciner har det nu vist sig, at methacrylsyremethylester, methacrylamid, styren samt blandinger af disse og blandinger med acrylamid i polymeriseret form er særlig velegnede adjuvanser, og at det kun er nødvendigt at anvende yderst ringe mængder for at opnå en god adjuvanseffekt. Hvis de fremstillede produkter er monomerfri, kan vaccinen straks tilsættes og adsorberes og derefter anvendes.
Indholdet af polymerpartikler kan andrage 0,01 - 10%, beregnet på antigenindholdet, fortrinsvis 0,02 - 5% især 0,05 - 1%, I immuniseringsforsøg med influenzavira som antigen har det kunnet vises, at aktiviteten af dette nye kunststofadjuvans er væsentligt bedre end af de hidtil kendte, som adjuvans anvendelige forbindelser.
Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen belyses nærmere ved nedenstående eksempler, i hvilke der fremstilles partikler, hvis størrelse ligger mellem 50 og 300 nm:
Eksempel 1.
Til 100 ml af en phosphatpuffer, som indeholder 760 mg Na^HPO.,2H_0, 145 mg og 480 mg NaCl i vand, sættes 1 ml methylmethacrylat.
Efter omrøring eller omrystning gasbehandles i 5 minutter med nitrogen, hvorefter den fast tillukkede beholder bestråles i en 60Co- 6 143889 -bombe med 0,46 Mrad. Derved polymeriseres methylmethacrylatet.
Efter polymerisationen fraskilles den polymere ved centrifugering (10 minutter ved 1500 omdrejninger/minut), og den overstående væske kasseres. Centrifugatet vaskes to gange med hver gang 100 ml phos-phatpuffer og tilsættes derefter 100 ml influenza-vaccine "fluid".
Efter oprystning af den polymere og afprøvning for resterende monomer er vaccinen injektionsklar.
Eksempel 2.
Til 50 ml af en fysiologisk kagsaltopløsning sættes 0,5 ml methacrylsyremethylester. Efter behandling med nitrogengas polymeriseres der i en autoklav ved 1 ato i 2 timer. Oparbejdningen af reaktionsblandingen foretages som beskrevet i eksempel 1.
Eksempel 3.
Der gås frem som beskrevet i eksempel 2, idet dog polymerisationen udføres i nærværelse af 0,1 g K2®2°8 ved 80°C og vinder atmosfæretryk. Slutproduktet er fuldstændig monomerfrit.
Eksempel 4.
Der gås frem som beskrevet i eksempel 2, idet der dog ikke polymeriseres i en autoklav, men ved 5 timers bestråling med UV-lys under afkøling.
Eksempel 5.
Der gås frem som beskrevet i eksemplerne 1-4, idet der dog i stedet for methacrylsyremethylester anvendes a) en blanding af 0,35 ml methacrylsyremethylester og 250 mg acryl-amid, b) 0,2 ml styren, eller c) en blanding af 200 mg styren og 500 ml methacrylamid.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH357375A CH614856A5 (en) | 1975-03-20 | 1975-03-20 | Process for the production of carriers which contain adsorbed pharmaceuticals |
CH357375 | 1975-03-20 | ||
CH612575 | 1975-05-13 | ||
CH612575A CH618352A5 (en) | 1975-05-13 | 1975-05-13 | Process for the production of particles which contain biologically and/or pharmacodynamically active material and have a size of a certain microscopic order. |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK105076A DK105076A (da) | 1976-09-21 |
DK143689B true DK143689B (da) | 1981-09-28 |
DK143689C DK143689C (da) | 1982-03-15 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DK105076A DK143689C (da) | 1975-03-20 | 1976-03-11 | Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af en adsorberet vaccine |
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US (2) | US4225581A (da) |
JP (1) | JPS51118823A (da) |
AU (1) | AU503982B2 (da) |
DE (1) | DE2611143A1 (da) |
DK (1) | DK143689C (da) |
FR (1) | FR2304326A1 (da) |
GB (1) | GB1544107A (da) |
NL (1) | NL188502C (da) |
Families Citing this family (73)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK143689C (da) * | 1975-03-20 | 1982-03-15 | J Kreuter | Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af en adsorberet vaccine |
US4489055A (en) * | 1978-07-19 | 1984-12-18 | N.V. Sopar S.A. | Process for preparing biodegradable submicroscopic particles containing a biologically active substance and their use |
JPS55110105A (en) * | 1979-02-19 | 1980-08-25 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | Preparation of polymer composition containing physiologically active material |
ATE8663T1 (de) * | 1980-08-22 | 1984-08-15 | Region Wallonne Representee Par L'executif Regional Wallon | Verfahren zum immobilisieren mikrobischer, kugelfoermiger zellen durch adhaesion an ein festes traegermaterial. |
FR2504408B1 (fr) * | 1981-04-24 | 1986-02-14 | Couvreur Patrick | Procede de preparation de particules submicroscopiques, particules ainsi obtenues et compositions pharmaceutiques les contenant |
US4328208A (en) * | 1981-05-20 | 1982-05-04 | Kurbanov Ildus A | Vaccine against chlamydous infections of farm animals |
IL63220A (en) * | 1981-07-01 | 1985-09-29 | Yeda Res & Dev | Process for production of polyacrolein microspheres |
SU1011126A1 (ru) * | 1981-07-14 | 1983-04-15 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский и испытательный институт медицинской техники | Средство дл лечени сахарного диабета |
GB2112730B (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1985-12-18 | Nat Res Dev | Encapsulated particles |
US4434150A (en) * | 1981-10-19 | 1984-02-28 | Ortho Diagnostic Systems, Inc. | Immunological reagents employing polymeric backbone possessing reactive functional groups |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1908290C3 (de) * | 1969-02-19 | 1982-04-08 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim | Acrylamid-mischpolymerisat |
CH594444A5 (da) * | 1972-12-04 | 1978-01-13 | Gerd Birrenbach | |
US4107288A (en) * | 1974-09-18 | 1978-08-15 | Pharmaceutical Society Of Victoria | Injectable compositions, nanoparticles useful therein, and process of manufacturing same |
DK143689C (da) * | 1975-03-20 | 1982-03-15 | J Kreuter | Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af en adsorberet vaccine |
-
1976
- 1976-03-11 DK DK105076A patent/DK143689C/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-03-16 GB GB10443/76A patent/GB1544107A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-16 NL NLAANVRAGE7602717,A patent/NL188502C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-03-17 DE DE19762611143 patent/DE2611143A1/de active Granted
- 1976-03-18 FR FR7607872A patent/FR2304326A1/fr active Granted
- 1976-03-19 JP JP51031900A patent/JPS51118823A/ja active Granted
- 1976-03-19 AU AU12208/76A patent/AU503982B2/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-08-07 US US05/931,680 patent/US4225581A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1980
- 1980-05-02 US US06/146,018 patent/US4269821A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2611143A1 (de) | 1976-10-14 |
NL188502B (nl) | 1992-02-17 |
DE2611143C2 (da) | 1989-04-13 |
JPS51118823A (en) | 1976-10-19 |
JPS6259088B2 (da) | 1987-12-09 |
NL188502C (nl) | 1992-07-16 |
AU1220876A (en) | 1977-09-22 |
FR2304326A1 (fr) | 1976-10-15 |
AU503982B2 (en) | 1979-09-27 |
DK143689C (da) | 1982-03-15 |
NL7602717A (nl) | 1976-09-22 |
US4225581A (en) | 1980-09-30 |
FR2304326B1 (da) | 1979-09-21 |
US4269821A (en) | 1981-05-26 |
DK105076A (da) | 1976-09-21 |
GB1544107A (en) | 1979-04-11 |
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