CN1670337A - 具有绝热涂层的涡轮部件 - Google Patents
具有绝热涂层的涡轮部件 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1670337A CN1670337A CNA2005100641444A CN200510064144A CN1670337A CN 1670337 A CN1670337 A CN 1670337A CN A2005100641444 A CNA2005100641444 A CN A2005100641444A CN 200510064144 A CN200510064144 A CN 200510064144A CN 1670337 A CN1670337 A CN 1670337A
- Authority
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- content
- turbine part
- heat insulating
- insulating coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 124
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 124
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 ytterbium aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WOIHABYNKOEWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sr].[Ba] Chemical compound [Sr].[Ba] WOIHABYNKOEWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 16
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 16
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GBNDTYKAOXLLID-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(4+) ion Chemical compound [Zr+4] GBNDTYKAOXLLID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000951 Aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000588731 Hafnia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011184 SiC–SiC matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001864 baryta Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0042—Devices for removing chips
- B23Q11/0046—Devices for removing chips by sucking
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B5/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of air flow or gas flow
- B08B5/04—Cleaning by suction, with or without auxiliary action
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/50—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on rare-earth compounds
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/50—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on rare-earth compounds
- C04B35/505—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on rare-earth compounds based on yttrium oxide
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
- C04B41/5042—Zirconium oxides or zirconates; Hafnium oxides or hafnates
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/87—Ceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3225—Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3227—Lanthanum oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
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Abstract
一种涡轮部件,其具有由选自单片陶瓷材料和复合陶瓷材料的陶瓷材料形成的基质、和结合到该基质上的绝热涂层。在一个实施方案中,形成基质的陶瓷材料选自氮化硅和自补强氮化硅。在另外一个实施方案中,形成基质的陶瓷材料选自碳化硅-碳化硅材料和碳-碳材料。在基质和绝热涂层之间可以设置至少一个结合层。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是Litton等人于2002年8月21日提交的美国专利申请号为No.10/226,108、题目为“具有低热导率的绝热涂层”的系列申请的部分继续,也是Litton等人于2003年8月12日提交的美国专利申请号为No.10/641,585、题目为“具有低热导率的绝热涂层”的系列申请的部分继续。
技术领域
本发明涉及具有由陶瓷材料如单片陶瓷或复合陶瓷材料形成的基质,以及由陶瓷材料制造的绝热涂层的涡轮部件。
背景技术
燃气轮机发动机是发展得非常好的机械装置,其以燃料形式将化学势能转化成热能,然后转化成机械能,用于推动航空器,产生电力,泵送流体等。目前,提高燃气轮机发动机效率的主要可行途径看来就是使用更高的工作温度。但是,当前用于燃气轮机发动机的金属材料非常接近于它们热稳定性的上限。在现代燃气轮机发动机的最热一部分中,金属材料都是在高于它们熔点的气体温度下使用。由于经过空气冷却,它们才得以存在。但是,提供空气冷却会降低发动机效率。
因此,普遍发展用于冷却的燃气轮机飞行器元件的绝热涂层。通过使用绝热涂层,能大大减少所需的冷却空气的量,从而提高效率。
这种涂层一直是以陶瓷材料为基础的。曾经建议使用富铝红柱石石和矾土,但目前氧化锆是首选材料。氧化锆必须经过稳定剂改性以阻止单斜晶相的形成。典型的稳定剂包括氧化钇、氧化钙、二氧化铈和氧化镁。
氧化锆基陶瓷耐水侵蚀。这对于陆基燃气轮机应用很关键,因为涂层暴露在高温下的时间比它们在航空发动机应用中暴露在高温的时间长得多。因此,绝热涂层的腐蚀成为问题—实际已知这是氧化硅基绝热涂层和氧化铝基绝热涂层的一个问题。经常将蒸汽注射到陆基燃气轮机的燃烧室中以减少氮氧化物的形成,这加剧了水侵蚀。
尽管绝热涂层已经取得了成功,但还希望获得具有优越的隔热性能的改进涂层,特别是当涂层密度符合标准时绝热性能也提高的涂层。重量一直是设计燃气轮机发动机特别是旋转部件的一个关键因素。陶瓷绝热涂层不负载支撑材料,因此它们不增加强度,只增加重量。因此更希望获得一种能够提供最大绝热性能而重量增加最小的陶瓷绝热涂层。另外,较长的寿命、稳定性和经济性也是所要求的。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供具有陶瓷材料基质和具有低热导率绝热涂层的涡轮部件。
前述目的是通过本发明的涡轮部件实现的。
根据本发明,涡轮部件主要具有陶瓷材料基质和绝热涂层。陶瓷材料基质可以是单片陶瓷材料或复合陶瓷材料。在本发明的第一个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括至少15mol%的至少一种镧系倍半氧化物,并且余量包括选自氧化锆、二氧化铈和二氧化铪(hafnia)的第一氧化物。第一氧化物优选含量大于50mol%。该至少一种镧系倍半氧化物的通式为A2O3,其中A选自La、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb和它们的混合物。
在本发明的第二个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括含量大于30mol%的Sc2O3、通式为A2O3的镧系倍半氧化物,其中A选自Nd、Eu、Dy、Gd、Er、Pr和它们的混合物,和余量氧化锆。
在本发明的第三个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括含量大于20mol%的In2O3、通式为A2O3的镧系倍半氧化物,其中A选自Er、Nd、Eu、Dy、Gd、Pr和它们的混合物,和余量氧化锆。
在本发明的第四个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括含量为5到60mol%的La2O3和Sm2O3中的至少一种、含量为5到60mol%的至少一种通式为A2O3的氧化物,其中A选自Sc、In、Y、Pr、Nd、Eu、Gd、Dy、Er、Yb和它们的混合物,和余量氧化锆。
在本发明的第五个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括含量为0.5到22.5mol%的至少一种通式为A2O3的第一氧化物,其中A选自La、Sm、Tb、Tm、和Lu,和选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的第二氧化物。
在本发明的第六个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括含量为0.5到1.0mol%的至少一种选自CeO2、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Gd2O3、Dy2O3、Er2O3、Yb2O3、In2O3、Sc2O3、Y2O3和它们的混合物的第一氧化物,和选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的第二氧化物。
在本发明的第七个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括含量为20.5到22.5mol%的CeO2,和选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
在本发明的第八个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括含量为0.5到22.0mol%的CeO2、和0.5到22.0mol%的至少一种选自La2O3、Sm2O3、Tb2O3、Tm2O3、Ho2O3、Lu2O3、MgO、CaO、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Gd2O3、Dy2O3、Er2O3、Yb2O3和它们的混合物的第一氧化物,和选自氧化锆和二氧化铪的第二氧化物。CeO2和该至少一种第一氧化物的含量不大于22.5mol%。
在第九个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括含量为0.5到22.5mol%的CeO2、0.5到59.5mol%的至少一种选自In2O3、Sc2O3和它们的混合物的氧化物,和至少40mol%的选自氧化锆和二氧化铪的氧化物。
在第十个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括含量为9.0到22.5mol%的至少一种选自Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Er2O3和它们的混合物的第一氧化物,和选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的第二氧化物。
在第十一个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括含量为15.0到22.5mol%的一种选自Dy2O3和Yb2O3的第一氧化物,和至少77.5mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的第二氧化物。
在第十二个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括含量为0.5到59.5mol%的Dy2O3和含量为0.5到59.5mol%的至少一种选自In2O3、Sc2O3、MgO、CaO和它们的混合物的氧化物,和至少40mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
在第十三个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括含量为0.5到22.5mol%的Yb2O3和0.5到59.5mol%的至少一种选自In2O3、Sc2O3、MgO、CaO和它们的混合物的氧化物,和至少40mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
在第十四个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括含量为20.5到60mol%的至少一种选自In2O3、Sc2O3、MgO、CaO和它们的混合物的氧化物,和至少40mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
在第十五个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括含量为15到59.5mol%的Y2O3,0.5到45.0mol%的至少一种选自La2O3、Sm2O3、Tb2O3、Tm2O3、Ho2O3、Lu2O3、MgO、CaO、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Dy2O3、Er2O3、Yb2O3、In2O3、Sc2O3和它们的混合物的氧化物,和至少40mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
在第十六个实施方案中,绝热涂层主要包括含量为9.0到23.0mol%的Gd2O3,0.5到51.0mol%的至少一种选自La2O3、Sm2O3、Tb2O3、Tm2O3、Ho2O3、Lu2O3、MgO、CaO、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Dy2O3、Er2O3、Yb2O3、In2O3、Sc2O3和它们的混合物的第一氧化物,和至少40mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
下面将详细说明具有本发明绝热涂层的涡轮部件的其他细节、以及其他目的和相应的优点。
具体实施方式
本发明的实质源于人们发现某些陶瓷材料非常适于用作陶瓷材料基质尤其是用于形成汽轮机发动机部件如翼片等陶瓷材料基质上的绝热涂层。这些陶瓷涂层材料,由于具有比传统的绝热涂层如7重量%氧化钇稳定的氧化锆低的热导率,因此可以有这样的用途。
根据本发明,具有这样的较低热导率的绝热涂层的第一个实施方案包括至少15mol%的至少一种镧系倍半氧化物,并且余量包括选自氧化锆、二氧化铈和二氧化铪的第一氧化物。第一氧化物的优选含量大于50mol%。每一种镧系倍半氧化物具有A2O3的通式,其中A选自La、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb和它们的混合物。在优选的实施方案中,该至少一种镧系倍半氧化物的总含量为15到45mol%。在最优选的实施方案中,该至少一种镧系倍半氧化物的总含量至少为25mol%。本发明的绝热涂层中,当第一氧化物是氧化锆时,每个锆离子有平均超过一个的邻近的氧化物空位,并且优选至少两个邻近氧化物空位。如果第一氧化物是二氧化铪或二氧化铈,每个铪离子和每个铈离子也将有平均超过一个的邻近氧化物空位,优选至少两个邻近氧化物空位。这些氧空位的存在使涂层的热导率最小。因此,这些空位是本发明涂层的非常理想的特征。
本发明的第二种绝热涂层包括含量为5到60mol%的镧系倍半氧化物,并且余量包括选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的第一氧化物。该镧系倍半氧化物通式为A2O3,其中A选自In、Sc、Y、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu和它们的混合物。在这种涂层的优选实施方案中,镧系倍半氧化物的含量为10到40mol%。
绝热涂层的第三个实施方案包括镧系倍半氧化物,并且余量包括选自氧化锆、二氧化铪、二氧化铈和它们的混合物的第一氧化物。镧系倍半氧化物的量要足够多以使每个锆离子、铪离子和铈离子都获得平均多于一个的邻近氧空位。
本发明的具有较低热导率的绝热涂层的第四个实施方案包括含量为15到60mol%的通式为A2O3的镧系倍半氧化物,其中A选自Er、Nd、Yb、Eu、Dy、Pr、Sm、La和它们的混合物、和余量氧化锆。该绝热涂层优选包含少于10体积%的烧绿石晶体结构相。氧化锆的含量优选大于40mol%。绝热涂层还可以包含下列组分的一种或多种:0.001到2.5mol%的氧化钇、0.001到10mol%的CaO和MgO中的至少一种、0.001到1.0mol%的Yb2O3、0.001到4.0mol%的Sc2O3和/或0.001到4.0mol%的In2O3。
本发明的具有较低热导率的绝热涂层的第五个实施方案包括含量至少为15mol%的氧化钇、和通式为A2O3的镧系倍半氧化物,其中A选自Er、Nd、Yb、Eu、Dy、Gd、Pr和它们的混合物、和余量氧化锆。在优选的实施方案中,氧化锆的含量大于40mol%,并且涂层包含少于10体积%的烧绿石晶体结构相。在这种涂层体系中的氧化钇的含量可以是15到22mol%,并且镧系倍半氧化物的含量可以是1.0到35mol%。在这种绝热涂层体系的特别有用的实施方案中,氧化钇的含量大于22mol%,并且镧系倍半氧化物的含量为1.0到38mol%。
在本发明的第六个实施方案中,具有较低热导率的绝热涂层包括含量为9到15mol%的Yb2O3、和1.0到48mol%的通式为A2O3的镧系倍半氧化物,其中A选自Er、Nd、Eu、Dy、Gd、Pr和它们的混合物、和余量氧化锆。氧化锆的含量大于40mol%,并且涂层具有少于10体积%的烧绿石晶体结构相。
本发明的绝热涂层的第七个实施方案包括含量大于15mol%的Yb2O3、通式为A2O3的镧系倍半氧化物,其中A选自Er、Nd、Eu、Dy、Gd、Pr和它们的混合物、和余量氧化锆。氧化锆的含量优选大于40mol%。另外,该涂层优选包含少于10体积%的烧绿石晶体结构相。镧系倍半氧化物的含量可以是0.001到45mol%。
本发明的第八个实施方案中,提供的绝热涂层包括含量为20到30mol%的Sc2O3、和通式为A2O3的镧系倍半氧化物,其中A选自Er、Nd、Eu、Dy、Gd、Pr和它们的混合物、和余量氧化锆。同前述实施方案一样,氧化锆的含量优选大于40mol%。另外,绝热涂层包含少于10体积%的烧绿石晶体结构相。在优选的实施方案中,镧系倍半氧化物的含量是0.001到30mol%。
本发明的第九个实施方案中,提供的绝热涂层包括含量大于30mol%的Sc2O3、通式为A2O3的镧系倍半氧化物,其中A选自Nd、Eu、Dy、Gd、Er、Pr和它们的混合物、和余量氧化锆。氧化锆的含量优选大于40mol%。绝热涂层可以包含少于10体积%的烧绿石晶体结构相。在优选的实施方案中,镧系倍半氧化物的含量是0.001到30mol%。
本发明的第十个实施方案中,绝热涂层包括含量为11到20mol%的In2O3,和通式为A2O3的镧系倍半氧化物,其中A选自Er、Nd、Eu、Dy、Gd、Pr和它们的混合物、和余量氧化锆。在优选的实施方案中,镧系倍半氧化物的含量是0.001到36mol%。氧化锆的含量优选大于40mol%。该涂层也优选包含少于10体积%的烧绿石晶体结构相。
本发明的第十一个实施方案中,提供的绝热涂层包括含量大于20mol%的In2O3、和通式为A2O3的镧系倍半氧化物,其中A选自Er、Nd、Eu、Dy、Gd、Pr和它们的混合物、和余量氧化锆。在这种涂层体系中,氧化锆的含量优选大于40mol%,镧系倍半氧化物的含量优选为0.001到40mol%,并且该涂层包含少于10体积%的烧绿石晶体结构相。
本发明的第十二个实施方案中,绝热涂层包括含量为5到60mol%的La2O3和Sm2O3中的至少一种,含量为5到60mol%的至少一种通式为A2O3的氧化物,其中A选自Sc、In、Y、Pr、Nd、Eu、Sm、Gd、Dy、Er、Yb和它们的混合物、和余量氧化锆。在这种涂层体系中,氧化锆的含量优选大于40mol%,并且涂层包含少于10体积%的烧绿石结构相。
下面是本发明的绝热涂层的其他实施方案。
一种绝热涂层,其包括含量为0.5到22.5mol%的至少一种通式为A2O3的第一氧化物,其中A选自La、Sm、Tb、Tm和Lu,和选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的第二氧化物。在优选的实施方案中,第二氧化物的含量至少为77.5mol%。该涂层还可以包括含量为0.5到59.5mol%的至少一种选自In2O3、Sc2O3、Y2O3、MgO、CaO和它们的混合物的第三氧化物,并且当有第三氧化物存在的时候,第二氧化物的含量大于40mol%。另外,又一种情况是,该涂层可以包括含量为0.5到22.5mol%的至少一种选自CeO2、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Gd2O3、Dy2O3、Er2O3、Yb2O3和它们的混合物的第三氧化物,并且该至少一种第一氧化物和该至少一种第三氧化物的总含量不大于22.5mol%。
一种绝热涂层,其包括含量为0.5到1.0mol%的至少一种选自CeO2、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Gd2O3、Dy2O3、Er2O3、Yb2O3、In2O3、Sc2O3、Y2O3和它们的混合物的第一氧化物、和选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的第二氧化物。该绝热涂层还可以包括含量为0.5到22.5mol%的至少一种选自La2O3、Sm2O3、Tb2O3、Tm2O3、Ho2O3、Lu2O3、MgO、CaO和它们的混合物的第三氧化物,其中该至少一种第一氧化物和该至少一种第三氧化物的总含量不大于22.5mol%,并且第二氧化物的含量至少为77.5mol%。
一种绝热涂层,其包括含量为20.5到22.5mol%的CeO2、和选自氧化锆和二氧化铪的氧化物。在优选的实施方案中,氧化物的含量至少为77.5mol%。
一种绝热涂层,其包括含量为0.5到22.0mol%的CeO2、和含量为0.5到22.0mol%的至少一种选自La2O3、Sm2O3、Tb2O3、Tm2O3、Ho2O3、Lu2O3、MgO、CaO、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Gd2O3、Dy2O3、Er2O3、Yb2O3和它们的混合物的第一氧化物、和选自氧化锆和二氧化铪的第二氧化物,并且CeO2和至少一种第一氧化物的含量不大于22.5mol%。在优选的实施方案中,第二氧化物的含量至少为77.5mol%。
一种绝热涂层,其包括含量为0.5到22.5mol%的CeO2,含量为0.5到59.5mol%的至少一种选自In2O3、Sc2O3和它们的混合物的氧化物、和含量至少为40mol%的选自氧化锆和二氧化铪的氧化物。
一种绝热涂层,其包括含量为9.0到22.5mol%的至少一种选自Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Er2O3和它们的混合物的第一氧化物、和选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的第二氧化物。在优选的实施方案中,第二氧化物的含量大于77.5mol%。当第二氧化物的含量至少为40mol%时,绝热涂层还可以进一步包括含量为0.5到51.0mol%的至少一种选自Yb2O3、In2O3、Sc2O3、Y2O3、Gd2O3、MgO、CaO和它们的混合物的第三氧化物。
一种绝热涂层,其包括含量为15.0到22.5mol%的选自Dy2O3和Yb2O3的第一氧化物和含量至少为77.5mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的第二氧化物。
一种绝热涂层,其包括含量为0.5到59.5mol%的Dy2O3、和含量为0.5到59.5mol%的至少一种选自In2O3、Sc2O3、MgO、CaO和它们的混合物的氧化物、和含量至少为40mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
一种绝热涂层,其包括含量为0.5到22.5mol%的Yb2O3,含量为0.5到59.5mol%的至少一种选自In2O3、Sc2O3、MgO、CaO和它们的混合物的氧化物、和含量至少为40mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
一种绝热涂层,其包括含量为20.5到60mol%的至少一种选自In2O3、Sc2O3和Y2O3的氧化物、和含量至少为40mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
一种绝热涂层,其包括含量为15到59.5mol%的Y2O3、含量为0.5到45.0mol%的至少一种选自La2O3、Sm2O3、Th2O3、Tm2O3、Ho2O3、Lu2O3、MgO、CaO、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Dy2O3、Er2O3、Yb2O3、In2O3、Sc2O3和它们的混合物的第一氧化物,和含量至少为40mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
一种绝热涂层,其包括含量为9.0到23.0mol%的Gd2O3、含量为0.5到51.0mol%的至少一种选自La2O3、Sm2O3、Tb2O3、Tm2O3、Ho2O3、Lu2O3、MgO、CaO、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Dy2O3、Er2O3、Yb2O3、In2O3、Sc2O3和它们的混合物的第一氧化物、和含量至少为40mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
以上所述的各种绝热除层的特征是都具有柱状结构。
根据本发明,可以提供特别用作燃气轮机发动机中的部件的制品。这种制品可具有金属基质和一种如前所述的施加于基质上的绝热涂层。该绝热涂层可以直接施加于基质表面,或者可以施加于沉积在一个或多个金属基质表面上的结合层上。本领域已知的任何合适的技术都可以用于沉积本发明实施方案之一中的绝热涂层。合适的技术包括电子束物理气相沉积、化学气相沉积、LPPS技术和扩散法。金属基质可包括镍基高温合金、钴基高温合金、铁合金例如钢、钛合金和铜合金的其中之一。
除金属基质外,涡轮部件或制品可以具有由陶瓷材料如单片陶瓷材料或复合陶瓷材料形成的基质。如本文中所使用的术语“单片陶瓷”是指包括,但不局限于:单相或多相陶瓷,但不包括作为复合物加工的陶瓷(也就是,渗透纤维织物等)。单片陶瓷基质的实例包括,但不局限于:氮化硅以及自补强(self-reinforced)氮化硅。复合陶瓷基质包括,但不局限于:SiC-SiC复合材料(蒸汽或熔融渗透2D或3D纤维织物)和C-C复合材料(又称,蒸汽或熔融渗透2D或3D纤维织物)。
当使用结合层时,该结合层可包括本领域已知的任何合适的结合层。例如,可由含铝材料、铝化物、铝化铂、陶瓷材料如7wt%氧化钇稳定的氧化锆、或MCrAlY材料形成结合层。或者,该结合层可以是多层陶瓷,该多层陶瓷用来提供与热膨胀匹配的系数并具有抗氧化性(通过阻止氧化扩散)和耐腐蚀性(通过阻止腐蚀性氧化液体的侵蚀)。合适的结合层可以由下列物质形成,Ta2O5、通式为X2Si2O7的所有稀土二硅酸盐,其中X=La、Nd、Pr、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu和它们的混合物、Y2Si2O7、富铝红柱石、BSAS(硅铝酸锶钡或钡长石)、钇铝石榴石、镱铝石榴石和其它稀土铝酸盐石榴石,其中稀土选自Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Lu和它们的混合物。多重结合层可以是由相同或不同材料形成的多重截然不同的层。此外,多重结合层可以是以上混合物功能递变的层。除了用作匹配层和结合层外,这些层也起隔离环境和隔离氧的作用。可以用功能递变(functional grading)替代不相似材料截然不同的两层之间的界面,在功能递变区域中,两种材料如此混合以至总浓度从第一种材料的100%逐渐变化到第二种材料的100%。这样,可以用浓度的逐渐斜度变化代替浓度阶梯式变化。这种方法能有效减少例如具有大的热膨胀不匹配的材料层之间的残余应力。
可以通过本领域已知的任何合适的方法在基质、金属或陶瓷上形成结合层,这些方法包括但不局限于:低压等离子体喷涂、电子束物理气相沉积、扩散法和化学气相沉积法。如果需要,结合层可以在外表面上有氧化物皮,这些氧化物皮基本上由氧化铝构成。本发明的绝热涂层可通过本领域已知的任何合适的技术结合到氧化物皮上。
如果需要,可将陶瓷层结合到绝热涂层上。附加的陶瓷材料可从能够减少氧扩散、抗腐蚀和耐磨、和/或提供0.7光发射率的材料中选择。可采用的高发射率陶瓷材料的实例是氧化铝和富铝红柱石。高发射率减少了由于较热的涂层外表面与位于涂层和TGO之间的较冷的界面之间的温度差异而导致的通过内部辐射(绝热涂层自身的辐射)产生的贯穿绝热涂层的热转移,从而降低了TGO、结合层乃至合金的温度。因此,高发射率提高了TBC的隔热性能。附加的陶瓷层可以在绝热涂层的外表面形成。
在一些实施方案中,制品的外表面可有氧化物皮,本发明的绝热涂层之一可以通过本领域已知的任何合适的沉积技术包括但不限于扩散法、电子束物理气相沉积,和/或化学气相沉积技术直接施于并结合到氧化物皮上。该氧化物皮可基本上由氧化铝构成。
虽然本发明的绝热涂层是为了应用于燃气轮机发动机而发展起来的,但其他需要高温的应用如加热炉和内燃机中也可使用本发明的涂层。以下实施例用以说明本发明的涂层的优点。
实施例1
通过冷压并烧结混合粉末到理论密度的95%来制备包含27.3mol%Y2O3和余量ZrO2的样品。将石墨涂覆到厚度为0.025″的样片上。使用激光闪光设备进行比热和热扩散率测量。通过仔细测量样品尺寸和重量来确定样品的堆积密度。通过1200°F下测量的、以理论密度线性校正的数据计算出热导率值为1.95W/mK。
实施例2
通过冷压并烧结混合粉末到理论密度的90.8%来类似地制备包含16.7mol%Y2O3、16.7mol%Gd2O3和余量ZrO2的样品。也将石墨涂覆到厚度为0.025″的样品上,并使用激光闪光设备进行测量。通过仔细测量样品尺寸和重量来确定样品堆积密度。通过1600°F下测量的、以理论密度线性校正的数据计算出热导率平均值1.37W/mK。
实施例3
通过电子束物理气相沉积将平均组成为19mol%Sm2O3、余量为ZrO2的涂层沉积到氧化铝片上。在激光闪光设备中进行热扩散率的高温测量。由以前的组成为33mol%Sm2O3、余量ZrO2的单片样品的测量中评估高温比热值。从涂覆过程中片的重量和厚度的变化和它们的直径来计算样品的堆积密度。通过1400°F下测量的、未经密度校正的数据计算出热导率平均值为1.26W/mK。
显而易见,本发明提供了具有低热导率的热绝缘层,完全符合上述目的、方法和优点。虽然本发明对其特定的实施方案进行了说明,但其它可供选择的方案、改进和变化的方案对那些已阅读过上述说明书的本领域普通技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,本发明旨在包括落入所附权利要求书的范围中的那些可供选择的方案、改进的和变化的方案。
Claims (46)
1、一种涡轮部件,其具有由选自单片陶瓷材料和复合陶瓷材料形成的基质以及结合到所述基质上的绝热涂层。
2、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中所述陶瓷材料选自氮化硅和自补强氮化硅。
3、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中所述陶瓷材料选自碳化硅-碳化硅材料和碳-碳材料。
4、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中所述绝热涂层包括含量至少为15mol%的至少一种镧系倍半氧化物,并且余量包括选自氧化锆、二氧化铈和二氧化铪的第一氧化物。
5、根据权利要求4的涡轮部件,其中所述第一氧化物的含量大于50mol%。
6、根据权利要求4的涡轮部件,其中该至少一种镧系倍半氧化物的通式为A2O3,其中A选自La、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb和它们的混合物。
7、根据权利要求4的涡轮部件,其中所述至少一种镧系倍半氧化物的总含量为15到45mol%。
8、根据权利要求4的涡轮部件,其中所述至少一种镧系倍半氧化物的总含量至少为25mol%。
9、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中该绝热涂层包括含量大于30mol%的Sc2O3、通式为A2O3的镧系倍半氧化物,其中A选自Nd、Eu、Dy、Gd、Er、Pr和它们的混合物,和余量氧化锆。
10、根据权利要求9的涡轮部件,其中所述氧化锆的含量大于40mol%,并且其中所述绝热涂层包含少于10体积%的烧绿石晶体结构相。
11、根据权利要求9的涡轮部件,其中所述镧系倍半氧化物的含量为0.001到30mol%。
12、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中该绝热涂层包括含量大于20mol%的In2O3、通式为A2O3的镧系倍半氧化物,其中A选自Er、Nd、Eu、Dy、Gd、Pr和它们的混合物,和余量氧化锆。
13、根据权利要求12的涡轮部件,其中所述氧化锆的含量大于40mol%,并且其中所述绝热涂层包含少于10体积%的烧绿石晶体结构相。
14、根据权利要求12的涡轮部件,其中所述镧系倍半氧化物的含量为0.001到40mol%。
15、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中该绝热涂层主要包括含量为5到60mol%的La2O3和Sm2O3中的至少一种、5到60mol%的至少一种通式为A2O3的氧化物,其中A选自Sc、In、Y、Pr、Nd、Eu、Gd、Dy、Er、Yb和它们的混合物,和余量氧化锆。
16、根据权利要求15的涡轮部件,其中所述氧化锆的含量大于40mol%,并且其中所述绝热涂层包含少于10体积%的烧绿石晶体结构相。
17、根据权利要求15的涡轮部件,其中该绝热涂层包括含量为0.5到22.5mol%的至少一种通式为A2O3的第一氧化物,其中A选自La、Sm、Tb、Tm和Lu、和选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的第二氧化物。
18、根据权利要求17的涡轮部件,其中所述第二氧化物的含量至少为77.5mol%。
19、根据权利要求17的涡轮部件,其中所述涂层进一步包括0.5到59.5mol%的至少一种选自In2O3、Sc2O3、Y2O3、MgO、CaO和它们的混合物的氧化物、并且所述第二氧化物的含量大于40mol%。
20、根据权利要求17的涡轮部件,其中所述涂层进一步包括含量为0.5到22.5mol%的至少一种选自CeO2、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Gd2O3、Dy2O3、Er2O3、Yb2O3和它们的混合物的第三氧化物,并且所述至少一种第一氧化物和至少一种第三氧化物的总含量小于22.5mol%。
21、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中所述绝热涂层含0.5到1.0mol%的选自CeO2、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Gd2O3、Dy2O3、Er2O3、Yb2O3、In2O3、Sc2O3、Y2O3和它们的混合物的至少一种第一氧化物、和选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的第二氧化物。
22、根据权利要求21的涡轮部件,进一步包括含量为0.5到22.5mol%的至少一种选自La2O3、Sm2O3、Tb2O3、Tm2O3、Ho2O3、Lu2O3、MgO、CaO和它们的混合物的第三氧化物,并且所述至少一种第一氧化物和至少一种第三氧化物的总含量小于22.5mol%,并且所述第二氧化物的含量至少为77.5mol%。
23、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中该绝热涂层包括含量为20.5到22.5mol%的CeO2,和选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
24、根据权利要求23的涡轮部件,其中所述氧化物的含量至少为77.5mol%。
25、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中所述绝热涂层包括含量为0.5到22.0mol%的CeO2、和0.5到22.0mol%的至少一种选自La2O3、Sm2O3、Tb2O3、Tm2O3、Ho2O3、Lu2O3、MgO、CaO、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Gd2O3、Dy2O3、Er2O3、Yb2O3和它们的混合物的第一氧化物、和选自氧化锆和二氧化铪的第二氧化物,并且所述CeO2和该至少一种第一氧化物的含量不大于22.5mol%。
26、根据权利要求25的涡轮部件,其中所述第二氧化物的含量至少为77.5mol%。
27、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中所述绝热涂层主要包括含量为0.5到22.5mol%的CeO2、0.5到59.5mol%的至少一种选自In2O3、Sc2O3和它们的混合物的氧化物、和至少40mol%的选自氧化锆和二氧化铪的氧化物。
28、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中所述绝热涂层包括含量为9.0到22.5mol%的至少一种选自Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Er2O3和它们的混合物的第一氧化物、和选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的第二氧化物。
29、根据权利要求28的涡轮部件,其中所述第二氧化物的含量大于77.5mol%。
30、根据权利要求28的涡轮部件,其中所述绝热涂层进一步包括含量为0.5到51mol%的至少一种选自Yb2O3、In2O3、Sc2O3、Y2O3、Gd2O3、MgO、CaO和它们的混合物的第三氧化物,并且所述第二氧化物的含量至少为40mol%。
31、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中所述绝热涂层包括含量为15.0到22.5mol%的一种选自Dy2O3和Yb2O3的第一氧化物,和至少77.5mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的第二氧化物。
32、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中所述绝热涂层包括含量为0.5到59.5mol%的Dy2O3、和含量为0.5到59.5mol%的至少一种选自In2O3、Sc2O3、MgO、CaO和它们的混合物的氧化物、和至少40mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
33、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中所述绝热涂层包括含量为0.5到22.5mol%的Yb2O3、和0.5到59.5mol%的至少一种选自In2O3、Sc2O3、MgO、CaO和它们的混合物的氧化物、和至少40mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
34、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中所述绝热涂层包括含量为20.5到60mol%的至少一种选自In2O3、Sc2O3、MgO、CaO和它们的混合物的氧化物、和至少40mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
35、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中所述绝热涂层包括含量为15到59.5mol%的Y2O3、0.5到45.0mol%的至少一种选自La2O3、Sm2O3、Tb2O3、Tm2O3、Ho2O3、Lu2O3、MgO、CaO、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Dy2O3、Er2O3、Yb2O3、In2O3、Sc2O3和它们的混合物的氧化物、和至少40mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
36、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,其中所述绝热涂层包括含量为9.0到23.0mol%的Gd2O3、0.5到51.0mol%的至少一种选自La2O3、Sm2O3、Tb2O3、Tm2O3、Ho2O3、Lu2O3、MgO、CaO、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Eu2O3、Dy2O3、Er2O3、Yb2O3、In2O3、Sc2O3和它们的混合物的第一氧化物、和至少40mol%的选自氧化锆、二氧化铪和二氧化铈的氧化物。
37、根据权利要求1的涡轮部件,进一步包括在所述基质和所述绝热涂层之间的至少一个结合层,并且该至少一个结合层具有热膨胀匹配的系数、抗氧化性和耐腐蚀性。
38、根据权利要求37的涡轮部件,其中所述至少一个结合层由Ta2O5形成。
39、根据权利要求37的涡轮部件,其中所述至少一个结合层由通式为X2Si2O7的稀土二硅酸盐形成,其中X选自La、Nd、Pr、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb和Lu。
40、根据权利要求37的涡轮部件,其中所述至少一个结合层含有Y2Si2O7。
41、根据权利要求37的涡轮部件,其中所述至少一个结合层含有富铝红柱石。
42、根据权利要求37的涡轮部件,其中所述至少一个结合层含有硅铝酸锶钡。
43、根据权利要求37的涡轮部件,其中所述至少一个结合层含有钇铝石榴石。
44、根据权利要求37的涡轮部件,其中所述至少一个结合层含有镱铝石榴石。
45、根据权利要求37的涡轮部件,其中所述至少一个结合层含有稀土铝酸盐石榴石,其中该稀土选自Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Lu和它们的混合物。
46、根据权利要求37的涡轮部件,其中所述结合层由多个功能递变的层形成。
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- 2005-03-14 CA CA002500753A patent/CA2500753A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2005-03-16 JP JP2005074171A patent/JP2005263625A/ja active Pending
- 2005-03-16 EP EP05251604A patent/EP1577499B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-03-16 AT AT05251604T patent/ATE434714T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-16 DE DE602005015049T patent/DE602005015049D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-03-17 RU RU2005107462/06A patent/RU2005107462A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE602005015049D1 (de) | 2009-08-06 |
EP1577499A2 (en) | 2005-09-21 |
SG115766A1 (en) | 2005-10-28 |
US20040175597A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
KR100736296B1 (ko) | 2007-07-06 |
RU2005107462A (ru) | 2006-08-27 |
CA2500753A1 (en) | 2005-09-17 |
US7226672B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 |
MXPA05002921A (es) | 2005-09-21 |
EP1577499A3 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
JP2005263625A (ja) | 2005-09-29 |
EP1577499B1 (en) | 2009-06-24 |
ATE434714T1 (de) | 2009-07-15 |
KR20060043438A (ko) | 2006-05-15 |
PL373690A1 (en) | 2005-09-19 |
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