CN103313990B - 丙氨酰美登醇抗体偶联物 - Google Patents
丙氨酰美登醇抗体偶联物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103313990B CN103313990B CN201180064798.0A CN201180064798A CN103313990B CN 103313990 B CN103313990 B CN 103313990B CN 201180064798 A CN201180064798 A CN 201180064798A CN 103313990 B CN103313990 B CN 103313990B
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Abstract
将式I的接头-药物中间体偶联至抗体以形成抗体-药物偶联物,其中药物模块为N-甲基丙氨酰-美登木素生物碱。L为如下式IA;E为如下式IB或式IC;n为2,3,4,5或6;m为2,3或4;且q为0或1。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2010年11月17日提交的流水号为61/414,535的美国临时申请的权益,通过述及将其完整收录。
发明领域
本发明一般涉及与美登木素生物碱药物模块偶联以形成具有治疗或诊断应用的抗体-药物偶联物的抗体。可以用对于与美登木素生物碱药物-接头试剂偶联而言反应性的游离半胱氨酸残基改造抗体。本发明还涉及使用丙氨酰美登木素生物碱抗体-药物偶联物化合物在体外、原位和体内诊断或治疗哺乳动物细胞或相关病理性情况的方法。
发明背景
抗体药物偶联物(ADC)是靶向化疗分子,组合抗体和细胞毒性药物二者的理想特性,即通过将有力的细胞毒性药物靶向表达抗原的肿瘤细胞,内在化,并释放药物,由此增强它们的抗肿瘤活性。针对给定靶抗原的成功ADC开发取决于抗体选择、接头设计和稳定性、细胞毒性药物效力及药物和接头偶联至抗体的方式的优化。接头的pH和氧化还原敏感性和蛋白酶易感性特性影响内在化和细胞毒性药物模块的释放。对ADC的含二硫化物接头的细胞内切割受限于内体和溶酶体的氧化势且大概不通过内吞途径内的还原性切割来释放(Austinetal(2005)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA102(50):17987-17992)。还原性切割可发生于细胞表面并赋予游离药物对肿瘤和易感的正常细胞的旁路杀伤效果。不适宜的药物释放有可能促成毒性。一旦内在化,ADC功效(药物活性)依赖于蛋白水解消化。接头稳定性在ADC的功效和毒性二者中发挥重要作用(Alleyetal(2008)BioconjugateChem.19:759-765)。稳定的接头诸如mcc比不稳定的二硫化物接头更加有效且安全,从而扩宽了治疗窗。
可在半胱氨酸可供偶联但不扰乱免疫球蛋白折叠和装配或改变抗原结合和效应器功能的位点处改造具有半胱氨酸替代的抗体(Junutula,etal.,2008bNatureBiotech.,26(8):925-932;Dornanetal(2009)Blood114(13):2721-2729;US7521541;US7723485;WO2009/052249)。然后,这些ThioMab可以经由改造的半胱氨酸硫醇基偶联细胞毒性药物以获得具有统一化学计量(约2个药物每个抗体)的ThioMab药物偶联物(TDC)。针对不同抗原的多种抗体的研究显示了TDC在异种移植物模型中像常规ADC一样有效,而且在有关临床前模型中在更高的剂量得到耐受。ThioMab药物偶联物改造成在抗体的不同部分(轻链-Fab、重链-Fab和重链-Fc)附着药物。由于它们的同质性和位点特异性偶联细胞毒性药物,TDC的体外和体内稳定性、功效和PK特性提供胜过常规ADC的独特优势。
由美登木素生物碱DM1连接至trastuzumab构成的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)在过表达HER2的trastuzumab敏感性和抗性肿瘤细胞系和人癌症的异种移植物模型中显示有力的抗肿瘤活性。trastuzumab-mcc-DM1(T-DM1)当前正在其疾病对HER2定向疗法不应的患者中在II期临床试验中进行评估(Beerametal(2007)“AphaseIstudyoftrastuzumab-mcc-DM1(T-DM1),afirst-in-classHER2antibody-drugconjugate(ADC),inpatients(pts)withHER2+metastaticbreastcancer(BC)”,AmericanSocietyofClinicalOncology43rd:June02(Abs1042;Kropetal,EuropeanCancerConferenceECCO,Poster2118,September23-27,2007,Barcelona;US7097840;US2005/0276812;US2005/0166993)。
美登木素生物碱,即抗有丝分裂药物美登素的衍生物,以与长春花生物碱类药物相似的方式结合微管(IssellBFetal(1978)CancerTreat.Rev.5:199-207;CabanillasFetal.(1979)CancerTreatRep,63:507-9)。由美登木素生物碱DM1连接至trastuzumab构成的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)在过表达HER2的trastuzumab敏感性和trastuzumab抗性肿瘤细胞系,和人乳腺癌的异种移植物模型中显示有力的抗肿瘤活性。美登木素生物碱经mcc接头连接至抗HER2鼠乳腺癌抗体TA.1的偶联物比相应的具有二硫化物接头的偶联物效力低200倍(Charietal(1992)CancerRes.127-133)。由美登木素生物碱DM1连接至trastuzumab构成的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)在过表达HER2的trastuzumab敏感性和抗性肿瘤细胞系和人癌症的异种移植物模型中显示有力的抗肿瘤活性。
trastuzumab-mcc-DM1(trastuzumabemtansine,trastuzumab-DM1;T-DM1;PRO132365),一种专门为治疗HER2阳性乳腺癌设计的新型抗体-药物偶联物(ADC),由细胞毒剂DM1(一种含有硫醇的美登木素生物碱抗微管剂)经赖氨酸侧链偶联trastuzumab(US6407213)构成,平均药物对抗体比为约3.4:1。T-DM1处于HER2+转移性乳腺癌治疗的开发中(BeeramM,BurrisH,ModiSetal.(2008)JClinOncol26:May20suppl;abstr1028)。T-DM1以与trastuzumab相似的亲和力结合HER2。此类结合是T-DM1抗肿瘤活性所需要的(InvestigatorBrochure,Genentech,Inc.,SouthSanFrancisco,CA,July2007)。假设在结合HER2后,T-DM1经历受体介导的内在化,导致DM1胞内释放及随后细胞死亡(AustinCD,DeMazièreAM,PisacanePI,etal.(2004)MolBiolCell15(12):5268-5282)。
在临床前研究中对具有各种接头的trastuzumab-美登木素生物碱ADC测试了体外和体内功效、药动学和毒性(Phillipsetal(2008)CancerRes.68(22):9280-9290)。经由不可还原的硫醚连接(mcc)连接DM1的trastuzumab展示与未偶联trastuzumab或经由二硫化物接头连接其它美登木素生物碱的trastuzumab相比卓越的活性。因为经由不可还原的接头连接DM1的trastuzumab提供比评估的可还原的二硫化物接头改善的功效和药动学和降低的毒性,所以选择trastuzumab-mcc-DM1进行临床开发。
DM1是一种自天然存在的酯安丝菌素P3衍生的、含有硫醇的美登木素生物碱(RemillardS,RebhunLI,HowieGA,etal.(1975)Science189(4207):1002–1005.3;CassadyJM,ChanKK,FlossHG.(2004)ChemPharmBull52(1):1–26.4)。一种相关植物酯,美登素,已经作为化疗剂在大约800名患者中进行了研究,其中以2.0mg/m2每3周的剂量施用,或是作为单剂或是连续3天(IssellBF,CrookeST.(1978)Maytansine.CancerTreatRev5:199-207)。不管非临床活性,美登素的临床活性在能安全投递的剂量是中等的。剂量限制性毒性(DLT)在胃肠中,包括恶心、呕吐和腹泻(常常接着有便秘)。这些毒性是剂量依赖性的,但不是时间表依赖性的。报告了周围神经病(主要是感觉),而且在具有已有神经病的患者中最明显。报告了肝转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶和总胆红素的亚临床瞬时升高。组成性毒性(包括虚弱、嗜睡、烦躁不安和失眠)常见。不太常见的毒性包括输注部位静脉炎和轻度骨髓抑制。由于治疗窗窄,二十世纪八十年代放弃了该药物的进一步开发。
至今的临床结果提示T-DM1可能对具有HER2阳性MBC、在接受HER2定向疗法时有恶化的患者有益。trastuzumab-mcc-DM1(T-DM1)当前正在其疾病对HER2定向疗法不应的患者中在II期临床试验中进行评估(Beerametal(2007)“AphaseIstudyoftrastuzumab-MCC-DM1(T-DM1),afirst-in-classHER2antibody-drugconjugate(ADC),inpatients(pts)withHER2+metastaticbreastcancer(BC)”,AmericanSocietyofClinicalOncology43rd:June02(Abs1042;Kropetal,EuropeanCancerConferenceECCO,Poster2118,September23-27,2007,Barcelona;US7097840;US2005/0276812;US2005/0166993)。
抗体-药物偶联物的最佳接头模块实现在系统循环中稳定,但在靶位点容许有效药物释放(Alleyetal(2008)BioconjugateChem.19:759-765;Christieetal(2010)BioconjugateChem.21:1779-1787;US2008/0299668)。马来酰亚胺连接的ADC可能在靶受体结合之前经历硫醇的retro-Michael添加,释放药物(Alleyetal(2008)BioconjugateChem.19:759-765)。TMAb-mcc-DM1和Thio-TMAb-mpeo-DM1两种抗体偶联物都在将DM1硫醇基团附着至mcc-马来酰亚胺或mpeo-马来酰亚胺的接头中具有马来酰亚胺(US7097840;US2005/0276812;US2005/0166993)。抗体-药物偶联物的温育(其中抗体的半胱氨酸硫醇经由马来酰亚胺基团与大鼠和小鼠血浆连接)形成清蛋白-药物偶联物,与硫醇的retro-Michael添加一致,释放马来酰亚胺药物偶联物及与清蛋白半胱氨酸硫醇相加(Alleyetal(2008)BioconjugateChem.19:759-765)。以类似的方式,ADC中药物模块DM1的硫醇的retro-Michael添加能导致自抗体丢失药物及形成清蛋白-抗体、半胱氨酸-抗体或谷胱甘肽-抗体加合物。硫代-马来酰亚胺连接的这种切割不稳定性降低施用的ADC的效力。没有马来酰亚胺基团附着至美登素的新接头可能防止靶向结合之前retro-Michael添加或血浆中的其它机制所致非特异性美登素药物丢失。
概述
本发明的一个方面是提供新的式I的接头-药物化合物,其用于偶联至抗体以形成抗体-药物偶联物。
其中:
L为
E为或
n为2,3,4,5或6;m为2,3或4;且q为0或1。
本发明的一个方面是提供新的自式I的接头-药物化合物制备的式Ia和Ib的抗体-药物偶联物。
其中:
L为
n为2,3,4,5或6;m为2,3或4;q为0或1;p为1至4;且Ab为抗体。
该抗体可以是经由游离半胱氨酸偶联至接头L的半胱氨酸改造抗体(Ab)。
本发明的一个方面是一种药物组合物,其包含式Ia或Ib的抗体-药物偶联物和药学可接受稀释剂,载剂或赋形剂。
本发明的一个方面是一种治疗癌症的方法,其包括对患者施用包含式Ia或Ib的抗体-药物偶联物的药物组合物。
本发明的一个方面是式Ia或Ib的抗体-药物偶联物在制备用于治疗哺乳动物中癌症的药物中的用途。
本发明的一个方面是一种制品,其包含式Ia或Ib的抗体-药物偶联物;容器;和包装插页或标签,其指示该化合物可用于治疗癌症。
附图简述
图1a显示药物-接头中间体,mal-hex-ala-May5的合成。
图1b显示药物中间体,3-(S-(N-甲基丙氨酰)美登醇4a的合成。
图2显示药物-接头中间体,bra-hex-ala-May8的合成。
图3显示药物-接头中间体,mal-PEG3-ala-May14的合成。
图4显示药物-接头中间体,bra-PEG3-ala-May18的合成。
图5a和5b显示服用(1)媒介(ADC缓冲液),(2)LC-V205C-Thio-TMAb-mpeo-DM1,(3)LC-V205C-Thio-TMAb-mal-PEG3-ala-May,(4)HC-A118C-Thio-TMAb-mal-PEG3-ala-May,(5)LC-V205CThio-TMAb-mal-hex-ala-May,(6)TMAb-mcc-DM1(曲妥单抗-mcc-DM1,T-DM1),(7)LC-V205C-Thioanti-gD5B6-mal-PEG3-ala-May,(8)LC-V205C-Thioanti-gD5B6-mal-hex-ala-May后,在接种入CRLnu/nu小鼠乳腺脂肪垫的MMTV-HER2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤中,体内拟合肿瘤体积随时间的变化的图(实施例6,8)。所有抗体-药物偶联物(单剂)以10mg/kg静脉内给药。抗gD5B6为对照抗体且其对应抗原在Fo5肿瘤组织中不表达。
图6显示服用(1)媒介:组氨酸缓冲液#8:20mM乙酸组氨酸,pH5.5,240mM蔗糖,0.02%PS20,(4)HC-A118C-Thio-TMAb-mal-PEG3-ala-May,5mg/kg,(4)HC-A118C-Thio-TMAb-mal-PEG3-ala-May,10mg/kg,(10)HC-A118CThioanti-gD5B6-bra-PEG3-ala-May,5mg/kg,(10)HC-A118CThioanti-gD5B6-bra-PEG3-ala-May,10mg/kg,(11)HC-A118CThioTMAb-bra-PEG3-ala-May,5mg/kg,(11)HC-A118CThioTMAb-bra-PEG3-ala-May,10mg/kg,(12)HC-A118C,LC-V205CThio-TMAb-mal-PEG3-ala-May,5gm/kg,(12)HC-A118C,LC-V205CThio-TMAb-mal-PEG3-ala-May,10gm/kg后,在接种入CRLnu/nu小鼠乳腺脂肪垫的MMTV-HER2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤中,体内拟合肿瘤体积随时间的变化的图。所有抗体-药物偶联物(单剂)在研究开始时静脉内给药一次。
典型实施方案的详细描述
详细内容参照本发明的某些实施方案,其实施例在附带的结构和通式中例示。尽管结合例示的实施方案描述了本发明,但是应理解它们并非指定用于将本发明限定到那些实施方案。相反,本发明覆盖所有的备选、变型和等同技术方案,它们均包括在如权利要求定义的本发明范围内。
本领域技术人员知道可以用于实施本发明的与本文所述的那些相似或等同的许多方法和物质。本发明决不限于所述的方法和物质。
除非另做陈述,否则,本文所用的技术和科学术语具有本发明所属技术领域普通技术人员通常理解的相同的含义并且与如下文献中所述一致:Singleton等(1994)DictionaryofMicrobiologyandMolecularBiology,2ndEd.,J.Wiley&Sons,NewYork,NY;和Janeway,C.,Travers,P.,Walport,M.,Shlomchik(2001)Immonobiology,5thEd.,GarlandPublishing,NewYork。
定义
除非另做陈述,否则,本文所用的下列术语和措词具有如下含义:
当本文中使用商品名时,申请人意欲独立地包括商品名产品制剂、仿制药和商品名产品的活性药物组分。
本文的术语“抗体”以其最广泛的含义使用并且特别覆盖单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、二聚体、多聚体、多特异性抗体(例如双特异性抗体)和抗体片段,只要它们表现出所需的生物活性(Miller等(2003)Jour.ofImmunology170:4854-4861)。抗体可以为鼠、人、人源化、嵌合的抗体或来源于其它物种。抗体为由能够识别和结合特异性抗原的免疫系统产生的蛋白质(Janeway,C.,Travers,P.,Walport,M.,Shlomchik(2001)ImmunoBiology,5thEd.,GarlandPublishing,NewYork).靶抗原一般具有由多种抗体的CDRs识别的大量结合位点,也称作表位。特异性结合不同表位的各抗体具有不同的结构。因此,一种抗原可以具有一种以上相应的抗体。抗体包括全-长免疫球蛋白分子或全-长免疫球蛋白分子的免疫活性部分,即含有特异性结合所关注靶标的抗原或其部分的分子,这类靶标包括,但不限于癌细胞或产生与自身免疫性疾病相关的自身免疫抗体的细胞。本文披露的免疫球蛋白可以具有免疫球蛋白分子的任意类型(例如IgG、IgE、IgM、IgD和IgA)、类别(例如IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA1和IgA2)或亚类。免疫球蛋白可以来源于任意的物种。然而,在一个方面中,免疫球蛋白来源于人、鼠或兔。
"抗体片段"包含全长抗体的一部分,一般为其抗原结合区或可变区。抗体片段的实例包括:Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2和Fv片段;双抗体;线性抗体;微抗体(minibody)(Olafsen等(2004)ProteinEng.Design&Sel.17(4):315-323);Fab表达文库制备的片段;抗-独特型(抗-Id)抗体;CDR(互补决定区);和以免疫特异性方式结合癌细胞抗原、病毒抗原或微生物抗原的上述任意的表位-结合片段;单-链抗体分子;和由抗体片段形成的多特异性抗体。
本文的术语“单克隆抗体”指从基本上同质的抗体群中获得的抗体,即除可能少量存在的天然发生的可能突变之外,包含在该群体中的各抗体是相同的。单克隆抗体是高度特异的靶向单个抗原位点的抗体。而且,与典型地包括靶向不同决定簇(表位)的不同抗体的多克隆抗体制品相反,每种单克隆抗体只靶向抗原上的单一决定簇。除其特异性外,单克隆抗体的优点还在于它们可以以不被其它抗体污染的方式合成。修饰语“单克隆”表示获自基本上同质的抗体群的抗体特性,并非解释为需要由任何特定方法生产抗体。例如,可以通过首先由Kohler等(1975)Nature256:495描述的杂交瘤方法制备用于本发明的单克隆抗体或可以通过重组DNA方法制备(例如,参见:US4816567;US5807715)。例如,还可以使用Clackson等(1991)Nature,352:624-628;Marks等(1991)J.Mol.Biol.,222:581-597所述的技术从噬菌体抗体文库分离单克隆抗体。
本文的单克隆抗体特别包括“嵌合”抗体,其中重链和/或轻链的一部分与衍生自特定物种或属于特定抗体类型或亚型的抗体中的相应序列相同或同源,而所述链的剩余部分与来源于另一物种或属于另一抗体类型或亚型的抗体中的相应序列相同或同源,本文还包括嵌合抗体的片段,只要它们展示期望的生物学活性(US4816567;和Morrison等(1984)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,81:6851-6855)。本文关注的嵌合抗体包括“灵长化(primatized)”抗体,其包含来源于非人的灵长类(例如OldWorldMonkey、Ape等)的可变区抗原-结合序列和人恒定区序列。
本文的“完整抗体”为包含VL和VH结构域以及轻链恒定域(CL)和重链恒定域CH1、CH2和CH3的抗体。恒定域可以为天然序列恒定域(例如人天然序列恒定域)或其氨基酸序列变体。完整抗体可以具有一种或多种“效应子功能”,意旨归因于抗体的Fc恒定区(天然序列Fc区或氨基酸序列变体Fc区)的那些生物活性。抗体效应子功能的实例包括C1q结合;补体依赖的细胞毒性;Fc受体结合;抗体-依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒作用(ADCC);胞吞作用;和细胞表面受体,诸如B细胞受体和BCR的减量调节。
根据其重链恒定域的氨基酸序列的不同,可以将完整抗体指定为不同“类别”。存在5种主要类别的完整免疫球蛋白抗体:IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG和IgM,且可以将其中的几种进一步分成“亚类”(亚型),例如IgG1,IgG2,IgG3,IgG4,IgA1,和IgA2。对应于不同抗体类别的重链恒定域分别称作α、δ、ε、γ和μ。不同类别免疫球蛋白的亚单位结构和三维构型为众所周知的。Ig型包括铰链-修饰型或无铰链型(Roux等(1998)J.Immunol.161:4083-4090;Lund等(2000)Eur.J.Biochem.267:7246-7256;US2005/0048572;US2004/0229310)。
“游离半胱氨酸”指已经改造到亲本抗体中,带有硫醇官能基(-SH),并且未作为分子内或分子间二硫键配对的半胱氨酸残基。
术语“硫醇反应性值”为游离半胱氨酸的反应性的定量表征。硫醇反应性值为半胱氨酸改造的抗体中与硫醇反应性试剂起反应的游离半胱氨酸的百分比,并且换算成最大值1。例如,半胱氨酸改造的抗体上以100%产率与硫醇反应性试剂诸如生物素-马来酰亚胺试剂起反应而形成生物素标记的抗体的游离半胱氨酸具有1.0的硫醇反应性值。改造到相同或不同亲本抗体中的以80%产率与硫醇反应性试剂起反应的另一个半胱氨酸具有0.8的硫醇反应性值。改造到相同或不同亲本抗体中的完全无法与硫醇反应性试剂起反应的另一个半胱氨酸具有0的硫醇反应性值。可以通过ELISA测定法、质谱法、液相层析法、放射自显影法或其它定量分析试验测定特定半胱氨酸的硫醇反应性值。
"亲本抗体"为所含氨基酸序列中的一个或多个氨基酸残基将用一个或多个半胱氨酸残基替代的抗体。亲本抗体可以包含天然或野生型序列。亲本抗体可以具有相对于其它天然、野生型或修饰形式的抗体而言预先存在的氨基酸序列修饰(诸如添加、缺失和/或替代)。亲本抗体可以针对所关注的靶抗原,例如生物学上重要的多肽。还关注针对非多肽抗原(诸如肿瘤相关糖脂抗原;参见US5,091,178)的抗体。
例示性亲本抗体包括对细胞表面和跨膜受体和肿瘤相关抗原(TAA)具有亲和力和选择性的抗体。
“噬菌体展示”是将变异多肽作为与外壳蛋白的融合蛋白展示在噬菌体例如丝状噬菌体颗粒的表面上的技术。噬菌体展示的一种效用在于可对随机化蛋白质变体的大型文库快速且有效的分选那些以高亲和力结合靶分子的序列的事实。在噬菌体上展示肽和蛋白质文库已经用于对数以百万计的多肽筛选具有特定结合特性的多肽。多价噬菌体展示方法已经用于展示肽和小蛋白质的小型文库,通常通过与丝状噬菌体的pIII或pVIII融合(WellsandLowman,(1992)Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol.3:355-362及其引用的参考文献)。在单价噬菌体展示中,将蛋白质或肽文库与噬菌体外壳蛋白或其部分融合,且在存在野生型蛋白质时以低水平表达。亲合力效果与多价噬菌体相比降低,使得分选基于内在配体亲和力,并使用简化DNA操作的噬菌粒载体。LowmanandWells,(1991)Methods:AcompaniontoMethodsinEnzymology3:205-0216。噬菌体展示包括用于生成抗体样分子的技术(Janeway,C.,Travers,P.,Walport,M.,Shlomchik,(2001)Immunobiology,5thEd.,GarlandPublishing,NewYork,p627-628;Leeetal.)。
“噬菌粒”是具有细菌复制起点例如Co1E1和一个拷贝的噬菌体基因区间的噬菌体载体。噬菌粒可用于任何已知噬菌体,包括丝状噬菌体和λ形噬菌体。质粒通常还将包含抗生素抗性的选择标志。克隆到这些载体中的DNA区段可以像质粒一样增殖。当包含这些载体的细胞中配有生成噬菌体颗粒所必需的所有基因时,质粒的复制方式改变成滚环复制以生成质粒DNA的一条链的拷贝并包装噬菌体颗粒。噬菌粒可形成感染性或非感染性噬菌体颗粒。该术语包括包含噬菌体外壳蛋白基因或其片段且其与异源多肽基因连接成基因融合物,使得异源多肽展示在噬菌体颗粒表面上的噬菌粒。
“接头”、“接头单元”或“连接物”指包含使抗体共价附着至药物模块的原子链的化学模块。在各个实施方案中,接头为二价基,指定为L。
本文中使用的立体化学的定义和规则一般遵循S.P.Parker,Ed.,McGraw-HillDictionaryofChemicalTerms(1984)McGraw-HillBookCompany,NewYork;Eliel,E.andWilen,S.,StereochemistryofOrganicCompunds(1994)JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,NewYork。许多有机化合物以旋光形式存在,即它们有能力旋转平面偏振光的平面。在描述旋光化合物时,前缀D和L或R和S用于表示分子关于其手性中心的绝对构型。前缀d和l或(+)和(-)用于表示化合物对平面偏振光的旋转的标记,其中(-)或1指化合物是左旋的。以(+)或d为前缀的化合物是右旋的。对于指定的化学结构,这些立体异构体是相同的,只是它们互为镜像。特定的立体异构体还可称作对映体,此类异构体的混合物通常称作对映混合物。对映体的50:50混合物称作外消旋混合物或外消旋物,它们可以在没有立体选择性或立体特异性的化学反应或方法中存在。术语“外消旋混合物”和“外消旋物”指两种对映体等摩尔混合从而丧失旋光性的混合物。
短语“药学可接受盐”在用于本文时指抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)的药学可接受的有机或无机盐。例示性的盐包括但不限于硫酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乙酸盐、草酸盐、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、硝酸盐、硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、酸式磷酸盐、异烟酸盐、乳酸盐、水杨酸盐、酸式柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、油酸盐、丹宁酸盐、泛酸盐、酒石酸氢盐、抗坏血酸盐、琥珀酸盐、马来酸盐、龙胆酸盐、富马酸盐、葡糖酸盐、葡糖醛酸盐、糖酸盐、甲酸盐、苯甲酸盐、谷氨酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐和扑酸盐(即1,1’-亚甲基-双-(2-羟基-3-萘甲酸盐))。药学可接受盐可能牵涉包含另一种分子,诸如乙酸盐离子、琥珀酸盐离子或其它抗衡离子。抗衡离子可以是稳定母体化合物电荷的任何有机或无机模块。另外,药学可接受盐可以在其结构中具有超过一种带电荷原子。在多种带电荷原子作为药学可接受盐的组成部分的情况中可以具有多种抗衡离子。因此,药学可接受盐可具有一种或多种带电荷原子和/或一种或多种抗衡离子。
本文中使用了下列缩写,它们具有如下定义:BME为β-巯基乙醇,Boc为N-(叔丁氧羰基),cit为瓜氨酸(2-氨基-5-脲基戊酸),DCC为1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺,DCM为二氯甲烷,DEA为二乙胺,DEAD为偶氮二羧酸二乙酯,DEPC为氰基膦酸二乙酯(diethylphosphorylcyanidate),DIAD为偶氮二羧酸二异丙酯,DIEA为N,N-二异丙基乙胺,DMA为二甲基乙酰胺,DMAP为4-二甲氨基吡啶,DME为乙二醇二甲醚(或1,2-二甲氧基乙烷),DMF为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,DMSO为二甲亚砜,DTT为二硫苏糖醇,EDCI为盐酸1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺,EEDQ为2-乙氧基-1-乙氧羰基-1,2-二氢喹啉,ES-MS为电喷射质谱法,EtOAc为乙酸乙酯,Fmoc为N-(9-芴基甲氧羰基),gly为甘氨酸,HATU为O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲鎓六氟磷酸盐(O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate),HOBt为1-羟基苯并三唑,HPLC为高压液相层析法,ile为异亮氨酸,lys为赖氨酸,MeCN(CH3CN)为乙腈,MeOH为甲醇,Mtr为4-茴香基二苯甲基(或4-甲氧基三苯甲基),NHS为N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺,PBS为磷酸盐缓冲盐水(pH7),PEG为聚乙二醇或乙二醇单元(-OCH2CH2-),Ph为苯基,Pnp为对硝基苯基,MC为6-马来酰亚氨基己酰基,phe为L-苯丙氨酸,PyBrop为溴三吡咯烷膦六氟磷酸盐(bromotris-pyrrolidinophosphoniumhexafluorophosphate),SEC为大小排阻层析法,Su为琥珀酰亚胺,TFA为三氟乙酸,TLC为薄层层析法,UV为紫外线,而val为缬氨酸。
半胱氨酸改造的抗体
本发明的化合物包括半胱氨酸改造的抗体,其中野生型或亲代抗体中的一种或多种氨基酸被半胱氨酸替代。由此可以改造任意形式的抗体,即使其突变。例如,可以将亲代Fab抗体片段改造成半胱氨酸改造的Fab,在本文中称作“ThioFab”。类似地,可以将亲代单克隆抗体改造成“ThioMab”。应注意单一位点突变在ThioFab中产生单一改造的半胱氨酸残基(singleengineeredcysteineresidue),而单一位点突变在ThioMab中产生两个改造的半胱氨酸残基,这是因IgG抗体的二聚化特性所致。评价被半胱氨酸(Cys)残基替代的(“改造的”)突变体的新引入的改造的半胱氨酸硫醇反应性。硫醇反应值为0-1.0范围内的相对数值范围并且可以测定任意半胱氨酸改造的抗体的该值。本发明半胱氨酸改造的抗体的硫醇反应值在0.6-1.0;0.7-1.0;或0.8-1.0的范围。
本发明的设计、选择和制备方法能够使半胱氨酸改造的抗体能够与亲电子官能基(functionability)反应。这些方法进一步能够使抗体偶联物化合物,诸如抗体-锆偶联物(AZC)化合物与锆原子在指定、设计、选择的位点上反应。抗体表面上的反应性半胱氨酸残基能够通过硫醇反应基,诸如马来酰亚胺或卤代乙酰基特异性地偶联锆部分。Cys残基的硫醇官能基与马来酰亚胺基的亲核反应性约高于蛋白质中任意其它氨基酸官能基,诸如赖氨酸残基的氨基或N-末端氨基约1000倍。碘乙酰试剂和马来酰亚胺试剂中的硫醇特异性官能基可以与胺基反应,但需要更高的pH(>9.0)和更长的反应时间(Garman,1997,Non-RadioactiveLabelling:APracticalApproach,AcademicPress,London)。
本发明半胱氨酸改造的抗体优选保持其野生型亲代抗体对应物的抗原结合能力。因此,半胱氨酸改造的抗体能够结合,优选特异性结合抗原。这类抗原包括:例如肿瘤-相关抗原(TAA)、细胞表面受体蛋白和其它细胞表面分子、跨膜蛋白、信号传导蛋白、细胞存活调节因子、细胞增殖调节因子、与组织发育或分化相关(例如,已知或怀疑在功能上相关)的分子、淋巴因子、细胞因子、涉及细胞周期调节的分子、涉及血管发生的分子和与血管发生相关(例如,已知或怀疑在功能上相关)的分子。肿瘤-相关抗原可以为分化簇因子(即CD蛋白)。能够结合半胱氨酸改造的抗体的抗原可以为上述类型之一的亚组中的成员,其中所述类型中另一亚组包含具有不同特性的其它分子/抗原(就所关注的抗原而言)。
亲代抗体还可以为选自如上所述的US5821337的表3中所述的huMAb4D5-1、huMAb4D5-2、huMAb4D5-3、huMAb4D5-4、huMAb4D5-5、huMAb4D5-6、huMAb4D5-7和huMAb4D5-8(曲妥单抗,)的人源化抗体,特别将该文献引入本文作为参考;人源化520C9(WO93/21319)和如本文所述的人源化2C4抗体。
本发明的半胱氨酸改造的抗体可以位点-特异性和有效地与硫醇-反应试剂偶联。硫醇-反应试剂可以为多官能接头试剂(multifunctionallinkerreagent);捕捉物,即亲和、标记试剂(例如生物素-接头试剂);检测试剂(例如荧光团试剂);固相固定化试剂(例如SEPHAROSETM、聚苯乙烯或玻璃)或锆-接头中间体。硫醇-反应试剂的一个实例为N-乙基马来酰亚胺(NEM)。在一个典型的实施方案中,ThioFab与生物素-接头试剂反应得到生物素化的ThioFab,通过这种方式可以检测和测定改造的半胱氨酸残基的存在和反应性。ThioFab与多官能接头试剂反应得到带有可以与锆部分试剂或其它标记进一步反应的官能化接头的ThioFab。ThioFab与锆-接头中间体反应得到ThioFab锆偶联物。
本文所述的典型方法一般可以应用于鉴定和生产抗体,并且更一般地通过使用本文所述的设计和筛选步骤用于其它蛋白质。
这类手段可以应用于偶联其它硫醇反应试剂,其中反应基为例如马来酰亚胺、碘乙酰胺、吡啶基二硫化物或其它硫醇反应偶联配偶体(Haugland,2003,MolecularProbesHandbookofFluorescentProbesandResearchChemicals,MolecularProbes,Inc.;Brinkley,1992,BioconjugateChem.3:2;Garman,1997,Non-RadioactiveLabelling:APracticalApproach,AcademicPress,London;Means(1990)BioconjugateChem.1:2;Hermanson,G.inBioconjugateTechniques(1996)AcademicPress,SanDiego,pp.40-55,643-671)。所述的配偶体可以为细胞毒性剂(例如毒素,诸如多柔比星(doxorubicin)或百日咳毒素);荧光团,诸如荧光染料类荧光素或若丹明;用于成像的螯合剂或放射性治疗金属;肽基或非-肽基标记或检测标记;或清除-改进剂(clearance-modifyingagent),诸如聚乙二醇的不同异构体;结合第三种成分的肽或另一种碳水化合物或亲脂性试剂。
在本文典型抗体片段hu4D5Fabv8上鉴定的位点主要位于抗体的恒定域中,其在所有抗体种类之间为充分保守的。这些位点可广泛适用于其它抗体,而无需进一步进行结构设计或有关特异性抗体结构的知识,并且不会干扰对抗体可变域而言固有的抗原结合特性。
可以用于治疗癌症的半胱氨酸改造的抗体包括,但不限于针对细胞表面受体和肿瘤-相关抗原(TAA)的抗体。这类抗体可以用作裸抗体(未与标记部分偶联)或用作式I抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)。肿瘤-相关抗原为本领域中公知的并且可以制备它们以便用于使用本领域众所周知的方法和信息生产抗体。在发现用于癌症诊断和疗法的有效细胞靶标的尝试中,研究人员寻求鉴定与一种或多种正常非癌细胞相比在一种或多种特定类型的癌细胞表面上特异性表达的跨膜多肽,或肿瘤相关多肽。与非癌细胞相比,通常这类肿瘤-相关多肽更大量地在癌细胞表面上表达。对这类肿瘤-相关细胞表面抗原多肽的鉴定已经使人们能够特异性靶向癌细胞,通过基于抗体的疗法对其进行破坏。
肿瘤相关抗原TAA的实例包括,但不限于下述TAA(1)-(51)。为方便起见,均为本领域公知的有关这些抗原的信息如下所列,并且按照NationalCenterforBiotechnologyInformation(NCBI)的核酸和蛋白质序列鉴定规定,包括名称,可选择的名称,Genbank登记号和主要参考文献。相当于TAA(1)-(51)的核酸和蛋白质序列可以在公共数据库,诸如GenBank中获得。由抗体靶向的肿瘤-相关抗原包括所有氨基酸序列变体和同种型,它们与引述的参考文献中鉴定的序列相比具有至少约70%,80%,85%,90%或95%序列同一性,或表现出基本上与具有引述参考文献中发现的序列的TAA相同的生物特性或特征。例如,具有变体序列的TAA一般能够特异性结合文献中所示相应序列TAA特异性结合的抗体。特别将本文特别引述的参考文献中的序列和披露内容引入作为参考。
肿瘤相关抗原(1)-(51):
(1)BMPR1B(骨形态发生蛋白受体-IB型(bonemorphogeneticreceptor-typeIB),Genbank登记号NM_001203)tenDijke,P.,等Science264(5155):101-104(1994),Oncogene14(11):1377-1382(1997));WO2004063362(权利要求2);WO2003042661(权利要求12);US2003134790-A1(38-39页);WO2002102235(权利要求13;页296);WO2003055443(91-92页);WO200299122(实施例2;528-530页);WO2003029421(权利要求6);WO2003024392(权利要求2;附图112);WO200298358(权利要求1;183页);WO200254940(100-101页);WO200259377(349-350页);WO200230268(权利要求27;376页);WO200148204(实施例;附图4);NP_001194骨形态发生蛋白受体,IB型/pid=NP_001194.1.交叉参考:MIM:603248;NP_001194.1;AY065994
(2)E16(LAT1,SLC7A5,Genbank登记号NM_003486)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.255(2),283-288(1999),Nature395(6699):288-291(1998),Gaugitsch,H.W.,等(1992)J.Biol.Chem.267(16):11267-11273);WO2004048938(实施例2);WO2004032842(实施例IV);WO2003042661(权利要求12);WO2003016475(权利要求1);WO200278524(实施例2);WO200299074(权利要求19;页127-129);WO200286443(权利要求27;222,393页);WO2003003906(权利要求10;293页);WO200264798(权利要求33;页93-95);WO200014228(权利要求5;133-136页);US2003224454(附图3);WO2003025138(权利要求12;150页);NP_003477溶质载体家族7(solutecarrierfamily7)(阳离子氨基酸转运蛋白(cationicaminoacidtransporter),y+系统),成员5/pid=NP_003477.3–人类;交叉参考:MIM:600182;NP_003477.3;NM_015923;NM_003486_1
(3)STEAP1(前列腺的六跨膜上皮细胞抗原(sixtransmembraneepithelialantigenofprostate),Genbank登记号NM_012449);CancerRes.61(15),5857-5860(2001),Hubert,R.S.,等(1999)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.96(25):14523-14528);WO2004065577(权利要求6);WO2004027049(附图1L);EP1394274(实施例11);WO2004016225(权利要求2);WO2003042661(权利要求12);US2003157089(实施例5);US2003185830(实施例5);US2003064397(附图2);WO200289747(实施例5;页618-619);WO2003022995(实施例9;附图13A,实施例53;173页,实施例2;附图2A);NP_036581前列腺的六跨膜上皮抗原;交叉参考:MIM:604415;NP_036581.1;NM_012449_1
(4)0772P(CA125,MUC16,Genbank登记号AF361486);J.Biol.Chem.276(29):27371-27375(2001));WO2004045553(权利要求14);WO200292836(权利要求6;附图12);WO200283866(权利要求15;116-121页);US2003124140(实施例16);交叉参考P:GI:34501467;AAK74120.3;AF361486_1
(5)MPF(MPF,MSLN,SMR,巨核细胞强化因子(megakaryocytepotentiatingfactor),mesothelin,Genbank登记号NM_005823)Yamaguchi,N.,等Biol.Chem.269(2),805-808(1994),Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.96(20):11531-11536(1999),Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.93(1):136-140(1996),J.Biol.Chem.270(37):21984-21990(1995));WO2003101283(权利要求14);(WO2002102235(权利要求13;287-288页);WO2002101075(权利要求4;页308-309);WO200271928(320-321页);WO9410312(52-57页);交叉参考:MIM:601051;NP_005814.2;NM_005823_1
(6)Napi3b(NAPI-3B,NPTIIb,SLC34A2,溶质载体家族(solutecarrierfamily)34(磷酸钠),成员2,II型钠依赖性磷酸转运蛋白3b,Genbank登记号NM_006424)J.Biol.Chem.277(22):19665-19672(2002),Genomics62(2):281-284(1999),Feild,J.A.,等(1999)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.258(3):578-582);WO2004022778(权利要求2);EP1394274(实施例11);WO2002102235(权利要求13;326页);EP875569(权利要求1;17-19页);WO200157188(权利要求20;329页);WO2004032842(实施例IV);WO200175177(权利要求24;139-140页);交叉参考:MIM:604217;NP_006415.1;NM_006424_1
(7)Sema5b(FLJ10372,KIAA1445,Mm.42015,SEMA5B,SEMAG,脑信号蛋白(Semaphorin)5bHlog,sema结构域,七血小板反应蛋白重复(seventhrombospondinrepeats)(1型(type1)和类1型(type1-like)),跨膜结构域(TM)和短胞质域,(脑信号蛋白)5B,Genbank登记号AB040878);NagaseT.,等(2000)DNARes.7(2):143-150);WO2004000997(权利要求1);WO2003003984(权利要求1);WO200206339(权利要求1;50页);WO200188133(权利要求1;页41-43,48-58);WO2003054152(权利要求20);WO2003101400(权利要求11);登记号:Q9P283;EMBL;AB040878;BAA95969.1.Genew;HGNC:10737
(8)PSCAhlg(2700050C12Rik,C530008O16Rik,RIKENcDNA2700050C12,RIKENcDNA2700050C12基因,Genbank登记号AY358628);Ross等(2002)CancerRes.62:2546-2553;US2003129192(权利要求2);US2004044180(权利要求12);US2004044179(权利要求11);US2003096961(权利要求11);US2003232056(实施例5);WO2003105758(权利要求12);US2003206918(实施例5);EP1347046(权利要求1);WO2003025148(权利要求20);交叉参考:GI:37182378;AAQ88991.1;AY358628_1
(9)ETBR(内皮缩血管肽B型受体(EndothelintypeBreceptor),Genbank登记号AY275463);NakamutaM.,等Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.177,34-39,1991;OgawaY.,等Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.178,248-255,1991;AraiH.,等Jpn.Circ.J.56,1303-1307,1992;AraiH.,等J.Biol.Chem.268,3463-3470,1993;SakamotoA.,YanagisawaM.,等Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.178,656-663,1991;ElshourbagyN.A.,等J.Biol.Chem.268,3873-3879,1993;HaendlerB.,等J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol.20,s1-S4,1992;TsutsumiM.,等Gene228,43-49,1999;StrausbergR.L.,等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99,16899-16903,2002;BourgeoisC.,等J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.82,3116-3123,1997;OkamotoY.,等Biol.Chem.272,21589-21596,1997;VerheijJ.B.,等Am.J.Med.Genet.108,223-225,2002;HofstraR.M.W.,等Eur.J.Hum.Genet.5,180-185,1997;PuffenbergerE.G.,等Cell79,1257-1266,1994;AttieT.,etal,Hum.Mol.Genet.4,2407-2409,1995;AuricchioA.,等Hum.Mol.Genet.5:351-354,1996;AmielJ.,等Hum.Mol.Genet.5,355-357,1996;HofstraR.M.W.,等Nat.Genet.12,445-447,1996;SvenssonP.J.,等Hum.Genet.103,145-148,1998;FuchsS.,等Mol.Med.7,115-124,2001;PingaultV.,等(2002)Hum.Genet.111,198-206;WO2004045516(权利要求1);WO2004048938(实施例2);WO2004040000(权利要求151);WO2003087768(权利要求1);WO2003016475(权利要求1);WO2003016475(权利要求1);WO200261087(附图1);WO2003016494(附图6);WO2003025138(权利要求12;144页);WO200198351(权利要求1;页124-125);EP522868(权利要求8;附图2);WO200177172(权利要求1;页297-299);US2003109676;US6518404(附图3);US5773223(权利要求1a;Col31-34);WO2004001004
(10)MSG783(RNF124,推定蛋白(hypotheticalprotein)FLJ20315,Genbank登记号NM_017763);WO2003104275(权利要求1);WO2004046342(实施例2);WO2003042661(权利要求12);WO2003083074(权利要求14;页61);WO2003018621(权利要求1);WO2003024392(权利要求2;附图93);WO200166689(实施例6);交叉参考:LocusID:54894;NP_060233.2;NM_017763_1
(11)STEAP2(HGNC_8639,IPCA-1,PCANAP1,STAMP1,STEAP2,STMP,前列腺癌相关基因1,前列腺癌相关蛋白1,前列腺的六跨膜上皮细胞抗原2,六跨膜前列腺蛋白,Genbank登记号AF455138);Lab.Invest.82(11):1573-1582(2002));WO2003087306;US2003064397(权利要求1;附图1);WO200272596(权利要求13;页54-55);WO200172962(权利要求1;附图4B);WO2003104270(权利要求11);WO2003104270(权利要求16);US2004005598(权利要求22);WO2003042661(权利要求12);US2003060612(权利要求12;附图10);WO200226822(权利要求23;附图2);WO200216429(权利要求12;附图10);交叉参考:GI:22655488;AAN04080.1;AF455138_1
(12)TrpM4(BR22450,FLJ20041,TRPM4,TRPM4B,瞬时型受体电位阳离子通道(transientreceptorpotentialcationchannel),亚族M,成员4,Genbank登记号NM_017636);Xu,X.Z.,等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.98(19):10692-10697(2001),Cell109(3):397-407(2002),J.Biol.Chem.278(33):30813-30820(2003));US2003143557(权利要求4);WO200040614(权利要求14;页100-103);WO200210382(权利要求1;附图9A);WO2003042661(权利要求12);WO200230268(权利要求27;391页);US2003219806(权利要求4);WO200162794(权利要求14;附图1A-D);交叉参考:MIM:606936;NP_060106.2;NM_017636_1
(13)CRIPTO(CR,CR1,CRGF,CRIPTO,TDGF1,畸胎瘤-衍生的生长因子(teratocarcinoma-derivedgrowthfactor),Genbank登记号NP_003203或NM_003212);Ciccodicola,A.,等EMBOJ.8(7):1987-1991(1989),Am.J.Hum.Genet.49(3):555-565(1991));US2003224411(权利要求1);WO2003083041(实施例1);WO2003034984(权利要求12);WO200288170(权利要求2;页52-53);WO2003024392(权利要求2;附图58);WO200216413(权利要求1;页94-95,105);WO200222808(权利要求2;附图1);US5854399(实施例2;Col17-18);US5792616(附图2);交叉参考:MIM:187395;NP_003203.1;NM_003212_1
(14)CD21(CR2(补体受体2)或C3DR(C3d/EB病毒受体(EpsteinBarrvirusreceptor))或Hs.73792Genbank登记号M26004);Fujisaku等(1989)J.Biol.Chem.264(4):2118-2125);WeisJ.J.,等J.Exp.Med.167,1047-1066,1988;MooreM.,等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.84,9194-9198,1987;BarelM.,等Mol.Immunol.35,1025-1031,1998;WeisJ.J.,等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.83,5639-5643,1986;SinhaS.K.,等(1993)J.Immunol.150,5311-5320;WO2004045520(实施例4);US2004005538(实施例1);WO2003062401(权利要求9);WO2004045520(实施例4);WO9102536(附图9.1-9.9);WO2004020595(权利要求1);登记号:P20023;Q13866;Q14212;EMBL;M26004;AAA35786.1
(15)CD79b(CD79B,CD79β,IGb(免疫球蛋白-相关β(immunoglobulin-associatedbeta),B29,Genbank登记号NM_000626或11038674);Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.(2003)100(7):4126-4131,Blood(2002)100(9):3068-3076,Muller等(1992)Eur.J.Immunol.22(6):1621-1625);WO2004016225(权利要求2,附图140);WO2003087768,US2004101874(权利要求1,页102);WO2003062401(权利要求9);WO200278524(实施例2);US2002150573(权利要求5,页15);US5644033;WO2003048202(权利要求1,306和309页);WO99/558658,US6534482(权利要求13,附图17A/B);WO200055351(权利要求11,1145-1146页);交叉参考:MIM:147245;NP_000617.1;NM_000626_1
(16)FcRH2(IFGP4,IRTA4,SPAP1A(含有SH2结构域的磷酸酶锚定蛋白1a(SH2domaincontainingphosphataseanchorprotein1a),SPAP1B,SPAP1C,Genbank登记号NM_030764,AY358130);GenomeRes.13(10):2265-2270(2003),Immunogenetics54(2):87-95(2002),Blood99(8):2662-2669(2002),Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.98(17):9772-9777(2001),Xu,M.J.,等(2001)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.280(3):768-775;WO2004016225(权利要求2);WO2003077836;WO200138490(权利要求5;附图18D-1-18D-2);WO2003097803(权利要求12);WO2003089624(权利要求25);交叉参考:MIM:606509;NP_110391.2;NM_030764_1
(17)HER2(ErbB2,Genbank登记号M11730);CoussensL.,等Science(1985)230(4730):1132-1139);YamamotoT.,等Nature319,230-234,1986;SembaK.,等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.82,6497-6501,1985;SwierczJ.M.,等J.CellBiol.165,869-880,2004;KuhnsJ.J.,等J.Biol.Chem.274,36422-36427,1999;ChoH.-S.,等Nature421,756-760,2003;EhsaniA.,等(1993)Genomics15,426-429;WO2004048938(实施例2);WO2004027049(附图1I);WO2004009622;WO2003081210;WO2003089904(权利要求9);WO2003016475(权利要求1);US2003118592;WO2003008537(权利要求1);WO2003055439(权利要求29;附图1A-B);WO2003025228(权利要求37;附图5C);WO200222636(实施例13;95-107页);WO200212341(权利要求68;附图7);WO200213847(71-74页);WO200214503(114-117页);WO200153463(权利要求2;41-46页);WO200141787(15页);WO200044899(权利要求52;附图7);WO200020579(权利要求3;附图2);US5869445(权利要求3;Col31-38);WO9630514(权利要求2;页56-61);EP1439393(权利要求7);WO2004043361(权利要求7);WO2004022709;WO200100244(实施例3;附图4);登记号:P04626;EMBL;M11767;AAA35808.1.EMBL;M11761;AAA35808.1
(18)NCA(CEACAM6,Genbank登记号M18728);BarnettT.,等Genomics3,59-66,1988;TawaragiY.,等Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.150,89-96,1988;StrausbergR.L.,等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99:16899-16903,2002;WO2004063709;EP1439393(权利要求7);WO2004044178(实施例4);WO2004031238;WO2003042661(权利要求12);WO200278524(实施例2);WO200286443(权利要求27;427页);WO200260317(权利要求2);登记号:P40199;Q14920;EMBL;M29541;AAA59915.1.EMBL;M18728
(19)MDP(DPEP1,Genbank登记号BC017023);Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99(26):16899-16903(2002));WO2003016475(权利要求1);WO200264798(权利要求33;85-87页);JP05003790(附图6-8);WO9946284(附图9);交叉参考:MIM:179780;AAH17023.1;BC017023_1
(20)IL20Rα(IL20Ra,ZCYTOR7,Genbank登记号AF184971);ClarkH.F.,等GenomeRes.13,2265-2270,2003;MungallA.J.,等Nature425,805-811,2003;BlumbergH.,等Cell104,9-19,2001;DumoutierL.,等J.Immunol.167,3545-3549,2001;Parrish-NovakJ.,等J.Biol.Chem.277,47517-47523,2002;PletnevS.,等(2003)Biochemistry42:12617-12624;SheikhF.,等(2004)J.Immunol.172,2006-2010;EP1394274(实施例11);US2004005320(实施例5);WO2003029262(74-75页);WO2003002717(权利要求2;63页);WO200222153(45-47页);US2002042366(20-21页);WO200146261(57-59页);WO200146232(63-65页);WO9837193(权利要求1;55-59页);登记号:Q9UHF4;Q6UWA9;Q96SH8;EMBL;AF184971;AAF01320.1
(21)Brevican(BCAN,BEHAB,Genbank登记号AF229053);GaryS.C.,等Gene256,139-147,2000;ClarkH.F.,等GenomeRes.13,2265-2270,2003;StrausbergR.L.,等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99,16899-16903,2002;US2003186372(权利要求11);US2003186373(权利要求11);US2003119131(权利要求1;附图52);US2003119122(权利要求1;附图52);US2003119126(权利要求1);US2003119121(权利要求1;附图52);US2003119129(权利要求1);US2003119130(权利要求1);US2003119128(权利要求1;附图52);US2003119125(权利要求1);WO2003016475(权利要求1);WO200202634(权利要求1)
(22)EphB2R(DRT,ERK,Hek5,EPHT3,Tyro5,Genbank登记号NM_004442);Chan,J.和Watt,V.M.,Oncogene6(6),1057-1061(1991)Oncogene10(5):897-905(1995),Annu.Rev.Neurosci.21:309-345(1998),Int.Rev.Cytol.196:177-244(2000));WO2003042661(权利要求12);WO200053216(权利要求1;41页);WO2004065576(权利要求1);WO2004020583(权利要求9);WO2003004529(128-132页);WO200053216(权利要求1;42页);交叉参考:MIM:600997;NP_004433.2;NM_004442_1
(23)ASLG659(B7h,Genbank登记号AX092328);US20040101899(权利要求2);WO2003104399(权利要求11);WO2004000221(附图3);US2003165504(权利要求1);US2003124140(实施例2);US2003065143(附图60);WO2002102235(权利要求13;299页);US2003091580(实施例2);WO200210187(权利要求6;附图10);WO200194641(权利要求12;附图7b);WO200202624(权利要求13;附图1A-1B);US2002034749(权利要求54;45-46页);WO200206317(实施例2;320-321页,权利要求34;321-322页);WO200271928(468-469页);WO200202587(实施例1;附图1);WO200140269(实施例3;页190-192);WO200036107(实施例2;205-207页);WO2004053079(权利要求12);WO2003004989(权利要求1);WO200271928(233-234,452-453页);WO0116318
(24)PSCA(前列腺干细胞抗原前体(prostatestemcellprecursor),Genbank登记号AJ297436);ReiterR.E.,等Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.95,1735-1740,1998;GuZ.,等Oncogene19,1288-1296,2000;Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.(2000)275(3):783-788;WO2004022709;EP1394274(实施例11);US2004018553(权利要求17);WO2003008537(权利要求1);WO200281646(权利要求1;164页);WO2003003906(权利要求10;288页);WO200140309(实施例1;附图17);US2001055751(实施例1;附图1b);WO200032752(权利要求18;附图1);WO9851805(权利要求17;97页);WO9851824(权利要求10;94页);WO9840403(权利要求2;附图1B);登记号:O43653;EMBL;AF043498;AAC39607.1
(25)GEDA(Genbank登记号AY260763);AAP14954脂肪瘤HMGIC融合-配偶体-类蛋白(lipomaHMGICfusion-partner-likeprotein)/pid=AAP14954.1-人类物种:人类(人);WO2003054152(权利要求20);WO2003000842(权利要求1);WO2003023013(实施例3,权利要求20);US2003194704(权利要求45);交叉参考:GI:30102449;AAP14954.1;AY260763_1
(26)BAFF-R(B细胞-活化因子受体,BLyS受体3,BR3,Genbank登记号AF116456);BAFF受体/pid=NP_443177.1-人类:Thompson,J.S.,等Science293(5537),2108-2111(2001);WO2004058309;WO2004011611;WO2003045422(实施例;32-33页);WO2003014294(权利要求35;附图6B);WO2003035846(权利要求70;615-616页);WO200294852(Col136-137);WO200238766(权利要求3;133页);WO200224909(实施例3;附图3);交叉参考:MIM:606269;NP_443177.1;NM_052945_1;AF132600
(27)CD22(B-细胞受体CD22-B同种型,BL-CAM,Lyb-8,Lyb8,SIGLEC-2,FLJ22814,Genbank登记号AK026467);Wilson等(1991)J.Exp.Med.173:137-146;WO2003072036(权利要求1;附图1);交叉参考:MIM:107266;NP_001762.1;NM_001771_1
(28)CD79a(CD79A,CD79α,免疫球蛋白-相关α,一种B细胞-特异性蛋白,其与Igβ(CD79B)共价相互作用并且在表面上与IgM分子形成复合物,转导涉及B-细胞分化的信号),pI:4.84,MW:25028TM:2[P]GeneChromosome:19q13.2,Genbank登记号NP_001774.10);WO2003088808,US20030228319;WO2003062401(权利要求9);US2002150573(权利要求4,13-14页);WO9958658(权利要求13,附图16);WO9207574(附图1);US5644033;Ha等(1992)J.Immunol.148(5):1526-1531;Mueller等(1992)Eur.J.Biochem.22:1621-1625;Hashimoto等(1994)Immunogenetics40(4):287-295;Preud’homme等(1992)Clin.Exp.Immunol.90(1):141-146;Yu等(1992)J.Immunol.148(2)633-637;Sakaguchi等(1988)EMBOJ.7(11):3457-3464
(29)CXCR5(伯基特淋巴瘤受体1(Burkitt’slymphomareceptor1),一种G蛋白偶联受体,由CXCL13趋化因子活化,在淋巴细胞迁移和体液防御中起作用,在HIV-2感染中起作用和可能在AIDS、淋巴瘤、黑素瘤和白血病发生中起作用);372aa,pI:8.54MW:41959TM:7[P]GeneChromosome:11q23.3,Genbank登记号NP_001707.1);WO2004040000;WO2004015426;US2003105292(实施例2);US6555339(实施例2);WO200261087(附图1);WO200157188(权利要求20,269页);WO200172830(12-13页);WO200022129(实施例1,152-153页,实施例2,254-256页);WO9928468(权利要求1,38页);US5440021(实施例2,col49-52);WO9428931(56-58页);WO9217497(权利要求7,附图5);Dobner等(1992)Eur.J.Immunol.22:2795-2799;Barella等(1995)Biochem.J.309:773-779
(30)HLA-DOB(MHCII类分子的β亚单位(Ia抗原),其与肽结合并且将其呈递给CD4+T淋巴细胞);273aa,pI:6.56,MW:30820.TM:1[P]GeneChromosome:6p21.3,Genbank登记号NP_002111.1);Tonnelle等(1985)EMBOJ.4(11):2839-2847;Jonsson等(1989)Immunogenetics29(6):411-413;Beck等(1992)J.Mol.Biol.228:433-441;Strausberg等(2002)Proc.Natl.Acad.SciUSA99:16899-16903;Servenius等(1987)J.Biol.Chem.262:8759-8766;Beck等(1996)J.Mol.Biol.255:1-13;Naruse等(2002)TissueAntigens59:512-519;WO9958658(权利要求13,附图15);US6153408(Col35-38);US5976551(col168-170);US6011146(col145-146);Kasahara等(1989)Immunogenetics30(1):66-68;Larhammar等(1985)J.Biol.Chem.260(26):14111-14119
(31)P2X5(嘌呤能受体P2X配体门控离子通道5(purinergicreceptorP2Xligand-gatedionchannel5),即由胞外ATP门控的离子通道,可能涉及突触传递和神经发生,其缺陷可以促使特发性逼尿肌不稳定性病理生理学情况);422aa),pI:7.63,MW:47206TM:1[P]GeneChromosome:17p13.3,Genbank登记号NP_002552.2);Le等(1997)FEBSLett.418(1-2):195-199;WO2004047749;WO2003072035(权利要求10);Touchman等(2000)GenomeRes.10:165-173;WO200222660(权利要求20);WO2003093444(权利要求1);WO2003087768(权利要求1);WO2003029277(82页);
(32)CD72(B-细胞分化抗原CD72,Lyb-2)蛋白质完整序列maeaity...tafrfpd(1..359;359aa),pI:8.66,MW:40225TM:1[P]GeneChromosome:9p13.3,Genbank登记号NP_001773.1);WO2004042346(权利要求65);WO2003026493(51-52,57-58页);WO200075655(105-106页);VonHoegen等(1990)J.Immunol.144(12):4870-4877;Strausberg等(2002)Proc.Natl.Acad.SciUSA99:16899-16903
(33)LY64(淋巴细胞抗原64(RP105),即富含亮氨酸重复(LRR)家族I型膜蛋白(typeImemberaneproteinoftheleucinerichrepeatfamily),调节B-细胞细胞活化和程序性细胞死亡,其功能缺失与患有系统性红斑狼疮的患者的疾病活动增加有关);661aa,pI:6.20,MW:74147TM:1[P]GeneChromosome:5q12,Genbank登记号NP_005573.1);US2002193567;WO9707198(权利要求11,39-42页);Miura等(1996)Genomics38(3):299-304;Miura等(1998)Blood92:2815-2822;WO2003083047;WO9744452(权利要求8,57-61页);WO200012130(24-26页)
(34)FcRH1(Fc受体-样蛋白1(Fcreceptor-likeprotein1),即含有C2型Ig-样结构域和ITAM结构域的免疫球蛋白Fc结构域的推定受体,可能在B-淋巴细胞分化中起作用);429aa,pI:5.28,MW:46925TM:1[P]GeneChromosome:1q21-1q22,Genbank登记号NP_443170.1);WO2003077836;WO200138490(权利要求6,附图18E-1-18-E-2);Davis等(2001)Proc.Natl.Acad.SciUSA98(17):9772-9777;WO2003089624(权利要求8);EP1347046(权利要求1);WO2003089624(权利要求7)
(35)IRTA2(免疫球蛋白超家族受体易位相关2,即在B细胞发育和淋巴瘤的生成中具有可能的作用的推定的免疫受体;由于易位所导致的基因失调在某些B细胞恶性肿瘤中发生);977aa,pI:6.88,MW:106468,TM:1[P]GeneChromosome:1q21,Genbank登记号人:AF343662,AF343663,AF343664,AF343665,AF369794,AF397453,AK090423,AK090475,AL834187,AY358085;小鼠:AK089756,AY158090,AY506558;NP_112571.1;WO2003024392(权利要求2,附图97);Nakayama等(2000)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.277(1):124-127;WO2003077836;WO200138490(权利要求3,附图18B-1-18B-2)
(36)TENB2(TMEFF2,tomoregulin,TPEF,HPP1,TR,与EGF/调蛋白(heregulin)家族生长因子和卵泡抑素(follistatin)有关的推定的跨膜蛋白聚糖);374aa,NCBI登记号:AAD55776,AAF91397,AAG49451,NCBIRefSeq:NP_057276;NCBI基因:23671;OMIM:605734;SwissProtQ9UIK5;Genbank登记号AF179274;AY358907,CAF85723,CQ782436;WO2004074320(SEQIDNO810);JP2004113151(SEQIDNOS2,4,8);WO2003042661(SEQIDNO580);WO2003009814(SEQIDNO411);EP1295944(69-70页);WO200230268(329页);WO200190304(SEQIDNO2706);US2004249130;US2004022727;WO2004063355;US2004197325;US2003232350;US2004005563;US2003124579;Horie等(2000)Genomics67:146-152;Uchida等(1999)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.266:593-602;Liang等(2000)CancerRes.60:4907-12;Glynne-Jones等(2001)IntJCancer.Oct15;94(2):178-84;
(37)PMEL17(银同系物;SILV;D12S53E;PMEL17;(SI);(SIL);ME20;gp100)BC001414;BT007202;M32295;M77348;NM_006928;McGlinchey,R.P.etal(2009)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.106(33),13731-13736;Kummer,M.P.etal(2009)J.Biol.Chem.284(4),2296-2306;
(38)TMEFF1(具有EGF样和两个卵泡抑素样域的跨膜蛋白1;Tomoregulin-1;H7365;C9orf2;C9ORF2;U19878;X83961)NM_080655;NM_003692;Harms,P.W.(2003)GenesDev.17(21),2624-2629;Gery,S.etal(2003)Oncogene22(18):2723-2727;
(39)GDNF-Ra1(GDNF家族受体α1;GFRA1;GDNFR;GDNFRA;RETL1;TRNR1;RET1L;GDNFR-α1;GFR-ALPHA-1;U95847;BC014962;NM_145793)NM_005264;Kim,M.H.etal(2009)Mol.Cell.Biol.29(8),2264-2277;Treanor,J.J.etal(1996)Nature382(6586):80-83;
(40)Ly6E(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座E;Ly67,RIG-E,SCA-2,TSA-1)NP_002337.1;NM_002346.2;deNooij-vanDalen,A.G.etal(2003)Int.J.Cancer103(6),768-774;Zammit,D.J.etal(2002)Mol.Cell.Biol.22(3):946-952;
(41)TMEM46(shisa同系物2(Xenopuslaevis);SHISA2)NP_001007539.1;NM_001007538.1;Furushima,K.etal(2007)Dev.Biol.306(2),480-492;Clark,H.F.etal(2003)GenomeRes.13(10):2265-2270;
(42)Ly6G6D(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座G6D;Ly6-D,MEGT1)NP_067079.2;NM_021246.2;Mallya,M.etal(2002)Genomics80(1):113-123;Ribas,G.etal(1999)J.Immunol.163(1):278-287;
(43)LGR5(含有富含亮氨酸的重复的G蛋白偶联受体5;GPR49,GPR67)NP_003658.1;NM_003667.2;Salanti,G.etal(2009)Am.J.Epidemiol.170(5):537-545;Yamamoto,Y.etal(2003)Hepatology37(3):528-533;
(44)RET(ret原癌基因;MEN2A;HSCR1;MEN2B;MTC1;(PTC);CDHF12;Hs.168114;RET51;RET-ELE1)NP_066124.1;NM_020975.4;Tsukamoto,H.etal(2009)CancerSci.100(10):1895-1901;Narita,N.etal(2009)Oncogene28(34):3058-3068;
(45)LY6K(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座K;LY6K;HSJ001348;FLJ35226)NP_059997.3;NM_017527.3;Ishikawa,N.etal(2007)CancerRes.67(24):11601-11611;deNooij-vanDalen,A.G.etal(2003)Int.J.Cancer103(6):768-774;
(46)GPR19(G蛋白偶联受体19;Mm.4787)NP_006134.1;NM_006143.2;Montpetit,A.andSinnett,D.(1999)Hum.Genet.105(1-2):162-164;O'Dowd,B.F.etal(1996)FEBSLett.394(3):325-329;
(47)GPR54(KISS1受体;KISS1R;GPR54;HOT7T175;AXOR12)NP_115940.2;NM_032551.4;Navenot,J.M.etal(2009)Mol.Pharmacol.75(6):1300-1306;Hata,K.etal(2009)AnticancerRes.29(2):617-623;
(48)ASPHD1(含有天冬氨酸β-羟化酶域的1;LOC253982)NP_859069.2;NM_181718.3;Gerhard,D.S.etal(2004)GenomeRes.14(10B):2121-2127;
(49)酪氨酸酶(TYR;OCAIA;OCA1A;酪氨酸酶;SHEP3)NP_000363.1;NM_000372.4;Bishop,D.T.etal(2009)Nat.Genet.41(8):920-925;Nan,H.etal(2009)Int.J.Cancer125(4):909-917;
(50)TMEM118(环指蛋白,跨膜2;RNFT2;FLJ14627)NP_001103373.1;NM_001109903.1;Clark,H.F.etal(2003)GenomeRes.13(10):2265-2270;Scherer,S.E.etal(2006)Nature440(7082):346-351;
(51)GPR172A(G蛋白偶联受体172A;GPCR41;FLJ11856;D15Ertd747e)NP_078807.1;NM_024531.3;Ericsson,T.A.etal(2003)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.100(11):6759-6764;Takeda,S.etal(2002)FEBSLett.520(1-3):97-101。
亲代抗体还可以为包含清蛋白-结合肽(ABP)序列的融合蛋白(Dennis等(2002)“AlbuminBindingAsAGeneralStrategyForImprovingThePharmacokineticsOfProteins”JBiolChem.277:35035-35043;WO01/45746)。本发明的抗体包括具有下列文献中教导的ABP序列的融合蛋白:(i)Dennis等(2002)JBiolChem.277:35035-35043,表III和IV,35038页;(ii)US20040001827,在[0076];和(iii)WO01/45746,在12-13页,并且将所有这些文献引入本文作为参考。
为了通过诱变来制备半胱氨酸改造抗体,可通过本领域中公知的多种方法制备编码起始多肽的氨基酸序列变体的DNA。这些方法包括,但不限于通过位点-定向(或寡核苷酸介导的)诱变、PCR诱变和对编码所述多肽的较早制备的DNA的盒式诱变制备。还可以通过限制片段操作或通过使用合成寡核苷酸的重叠延伸PCR构建重组抗体的变体。诱变引物编码半胱氨酸密码子替代物。标准诱变技术可以用于产生编码这类突变的半胱氨酸改造的抗体的DNA。一般指导原则可以在下列文献中找到:Sambrook等MolecularCloning,ALaboratoryManual,ColdSpringHarborLaboratoryPress,ColdSpringHarbor,N.Y.,1989;和Ausubel等CurrentProtocolsinMolecularBiology,GreenePublishing和Wiley-Interscience,NewYork,N.Y.,1993。
位点-定向诱变为一种制备替代变体,即突变蛋白的方法(Carter(1985)等NucleicAcidsRes.13:4431-4443;Ho等(1989)基因(Amst.)77:51-59;和Kunkel等(1987)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA82:488)。通过首先使编码所需突变的寡核苷酸与这类起始DNA的单链杂交来改变起始DNA。在杂交后,将DNA聚合酶用于使用杂交的寡核苷酸作为引物并且使用起始DNA单链作为模板合成完整的第二链。因此,将编码所需突变的寡核苷酸掺入所得双链DNA。位点-定向诱变可以在表达质粒中表达预进行诱变的蛋白质的基因中进行,并且可以对所得质粒测序以便证实引入了所需的半胱氨酸替代突变(Liu等(1998)J.Biol.Chem.273:20252-20260)。位点-定向诱变方案和方式是广泛可得的,例如MultiSite-DirectedMutagenesisKit(Stratagene,LaJolla,CA)。
PCR诱变还适合于制备起始多肽的氨基酸序列变体。参见Higuchi,(1990):PCRProtocols,pp.177-183,AcademicPress;Ito等(1991)基因102:67-70;Bernhard等(1994)BioconjugateChem.,5:126-132;和Vallette等(1989)Nuc.AcidsRes.,17:723-733。简言之,当将少量模板DNA用作PCR中的起始物时,在序列方面稍不同于模板DNA中相应区的引物可以用于产生相对大量的特异性DNA片段,这些片段仅在引物不同于模板的位置上不同于模板序列。
用于制备变体的另一种方法,即盒式诱变基于Wells等(1985)Gene,34:315-323所述的技术。起始物为包含预突变的起始多肽DNA的质粒(或其它载体)。鉴定预突变的起始DNA中的密码子。在鉴定的突变位点的每侧上必须存在独特的限制性内切核酸酶位点。如果不存在这类限制位点,那么可以使用上述寡核苷酸介导的诱变方法产生它们,以便将其引入起始多肽DNA的适当位置上。在这些位点上切割质粒DNA以使其线性化。使用标准操作步骤合成编码在限制位点之间但含有所需突变的DNA序列的双链寡核苷酸,其中分别合成寡核苷酸的两条链然后使用标准技术彼此杂交。这种双链寡核苷酸称作盒(cassette)。将这种盒设计成具有与线性化质粒末端相容的5'和3'末端,使得它可以直接连接质粒。这种质粒目前含有突变的DNA序列。可以通过DNA测序证实含有编码的半胱氨酸替代物的突变DNA。
还通过寡核苷酸定向诱变,使用经PCR的诱变的双链质粒DNA作为模板产生单突变(Sambrook和Russel,(2001)MolecularCloning:ALaboratoryManual,3rdedition;Zoller等(1983)MethodsEnzymol.100:468-500;Zoller,M.J.和Smith,M.(1982)Nucl.AcidsRes.10:6487-6500)。
4D5抗HER2ThioFab的改造和硫醇反应性
将半胱氨酸导入抗HER2hu4D5Fabv8Fab片段抗体的重链和轻链的每一个位置(US5821337;Carteretal(1992)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,89:4285-4289)。依照本文所述方法制备了所有440个重链突变体和轻链突变体。依照PHESELECTOR测定法测量了硫醇反应性。重链序列依照顺序编号系统来编号。轻链序列遵循Kabat编号系统。在轻链中,Kabat和顺序编号二者表示相同的数。
对重链hu4D5Fabv8突变体选择对HER2受体蛋白的有效结合和与生物素化试剂Biotin-PEO-马来酰亚胺的硫醇反应性(US7521541)。某些重链突变体具有有限的或受损的对HER2ECD的结合,因为位于抗体-Fab可变区CDR中的残基对于抗原结合(HER2)是重要的。一些位于Fab恒定域中的残基也产生较差的HER2结合,因为这些残基可促进Fab的结构和折叠,由此导致在M13噬菌体上的4D5-Fab展示较差(Junutula,J.R.etal.(2008)J.ImmunolMethods,332:41-52)。具有较差HER2ECD结合的重链hu4D5Fabv8突变体包括位置1,21,31,33-36,38,48-50,59,87,95,101,104,129,131,132,136,153,155,159,166,169,170,172,197,198,202,215,219处的半胱氨酸突变。测量了野生型半胱氨酸变体22,96,147,203,223。其它重链突变体具有有限的与生物素化试剂的硫醇反应性。
通过本文所述半胱氨酸工程方法和SEQIDNO.32导入的A121C游离半胱氨酸通过连续编号系统指派。位于恒定域起点的此残基还通过EU编号系统指派为A118C,或通过Kabat系统指派为A114C。本文所述(图5a和5b,表3,和实施例6)抗体-药物偶联物中偶联的突变体使用A118CEU系统指派包含SEQIDNO.32的抗体。
游离半胱氨酸残基位于中央,侧翼残基在表1中栏的序列中。左栏表示重链中的替代氨基酸和位置。表1SEQIDNO:1-49重链hu4D5Fabv8突变体保留了HER2结合和约0.8或0.8以上的硫醇反应性值,排除野生型半胱氨酸变体。具有SEQIDNO:1-49(表1)的抗体展现出硫醇反应性且可用于形成与捕捉标记、检测标记、药物模块、或固相支持物的共价附着。表1的重链突变体可以偶联成ThioFab或ThioMab,例如抗体-药物偶联物。
表1有效结合、硫醇反应性重链hu4D5Fabv8突变体
对轻链hu4D5Fabv8突变体选择对HER2受体蛋白的有效结合和与生物素化试剂Biotin-PEO-马来酰亚胺的硫醇反应性(US7521541)。某些轻链突变体具有有限的或受损的对HER2的结合,因为位于抗体-Fab可变区CDR中的残基对于抗原结合(HER2)是重要的。一些位于Fab恒定域中的残基也产生较差的HER2结合,因为这些残基可促进Fab的结构和折叠,由此导致在M13噬菌体上的4D5-Fab展示较差(Junutula,J.R.etal.(2008)J.ImmunolMethods,332:41-52)。具有较差HER2结合的轻链hu4D5Fabv8突变体包括位置4,29-32,35,36,50,82,86,89-91,113,115,117,120,126,128,139,141,146,148,179,186,192,202处的半胱氨酸突变体。测量了野生型半胱氨酸变体23,134,194,214。其它轻链突变体具有有限的与生物素化试剂的硫醇反应性。
通过本文所述半胱氨酸工程方法和SEQIDNO.96导入的V205C游离半胱氨酸残基通过Kabat和连续编号系统指派。本文所述(图5a和5b,表3,和实施例6)抗体-药物偶联物中偶联的V205C突变体包含SEQIDNO.96。
游离半胱氨酸残基位于中央,侧翼残基在表2中栏的序列中。左栏表示轻链中的替代氨基酸和位置。表2SEQIDNO:50-98轻链hu4D5Fabv8突变体保留了HER2结合和约0.8或0.8以上的硫醇反应性值,排除野生型半胱氨酸变体。具有SEQIDNO:50-98(表2)的抗体展现出硫醇反应性且可用于形成与捕捉标记、检测标记、药物模块、或固相支持物的共价附着。表2的轻链突变体可以偶联成ThioFab或ThioMab,例如抗体-药物偶联物。
表2有效结合、硫醇反应性轻链hu4D5Fabv8突变体
LC-S9C | MTQSPCSLSAS | SEQ ID NO:50 |
LC-L46C | GKAPKCLIYSA | SEQ ID NO:51 |
LC-Y49C | PKLLICSASFL | SEQ ID NO:52 |
LC-F53C | IYSASCLYSGV | SEQ ID NO:53 |
LC-T72C | SGTDFCLTISS | SEQ ID NO:54 |
LC-L73C | GTDFTCTISSL | SEQ ID NO:5523 --> |
LC-T74C | TDFTLCISSLQ | SEQ ID NO:56 |
LC-I75C | DFTLTCSSLQP | SEQ ID NO:57 |
LC-S77C | TLTISCLQPED | SEQ ID NO:58 |
LC-Q79C | TISSLCPEDFA | SEQ ID NO:59 |
LC-P80C | ISSLQCEDFAT | SEQ ID NO:60 |
LC-Y92C | YCQQHCTTPPT | SEQ ID NO:61 |
LC-P95C | QHYTTCPTFGQ | SEQ ID NO:62 |
LC-G99C | TPPTFCQGTKV | SEQ ID NO:63 |
LC-G101C | PTFGQCTKVEI | SEQ ID NO:64 |
LC-K103C | FGQGTCVEIKR | SEQ ID NO:65 |
LC-E105C | QGTKVCIKRTV | SEQ ID NO:66 |
LC-V110C | EIKRTCAAPSV | SEQ ID NO:67 |
LC-A112C | KRTVACPSVFI | SEQ ID NO:68 |
LC-S114C | TVAAPCVFIFP | SEQ ID NO:69 |
LC-F116C | AAPSVCIFPPS | SEQ ID NO:70 |
LC-F118C | PSVFICPPSDE | SEQ ID NO:71 |
LC-S121C | FIFPPCDEQLK | SEQ ID NO:72 |
LC-L125C | PSDEQCKSGTA | SEQ ID NO:73 |
LC-S127C | DEQLKCGTASV | SEQ ID NO:74 |
LC-T129C | QLKSGCASVVC | SEQ ID NO:75 |
LC-A130C | LKSGTCSVVCL | SEQ ID NO:76 |
LC-S131C | KSGTACVVCLL | SEQ ID NO:77 |
LC-N137C | VVCLLCNFYPR | SEQ ID NO:78 |
LC-N138C | VCLLNCFYPRE | SEQ ID NO:79 |
LC-Y140C | LLNNFCPREAK | SEQ ID NO:80 |
LC-R142C | NNFYPCEAKVQ | SEQ ID NO:81 |
LC-A144C | FYPRECKVQWK | SEQ ID NO:82 |
LC-Q147C | REAKVCWKVDN | SEQ ID NO:83 |
LC-K149C | AKVQWCVDNAL | SEQ ID NO:84 |
LC-D151C | VQWKVCNALQS | SEQ ID NO:85 |
LC-Q155C | VDNALCSGNSQ | SEQ ID NO:86 |
LC-Q160C | QSGNSCESVTE | SEQ ID NO:87 |
LC-A184C | LTLSKCDYEKH | SEQ ID NO:88 |
LC-D185C | TLSKACYEKHK | SEQ ID NO:89 |
LC-K188C | KADYECHKVYA | SEQ ID NO:90 |
LC-T197C | YACEVCHQGLS | SEQ ID NO:91 |
LC-G200C | EVTHQCLSSPV | SEQ ID NO:92 |
LC-L201C | VTHQGCSSPVT | SEQ ID NO:9324 --> |
LC-S203C | HQGLSCPVTKS | SEQ ID NO:94 |
LC-P204C | QGLSSCVTKSF | SEQ ID NO:95 |
LC-V205C | GLSSPCTKSFN | SEQ ID NO:96 |
LC-T206C | LSSPVCKSFNR | SEQ ID NO:97 |
LC-K207C | SSPVTCSFNRG | SEQ ID NO:98 |
用于偶联的半胱氨酸改造的抗体的制备
某些条件下,可以通过用还原剂,诸如DTT(Cleland试剂,二硫苏糖醇)或TCEP(三(2-羧乙基)膦盐酸盐处理使半胱氨酸改造的抗体反应以便偶联本发明的药物-接头中间体;Getzetal(1999)Anal.Biochem.Vol273:73-80;SoltecVentures,Beverly,MA)。在CHO细胞中表达的全长半胱氨酸改造的单克隆抗体(ThioMab)(Gomezetal(2010)BiotechnologyandBioeng.105(4):748-760;Gomezetal(2010)Biotechnol.Prog.26:1438-1445)在室温用约50倍过量的DTT还原过夜以便还原可以在新引入的半胱氨酸残基与存在于培养基中的半胱氨酸之间形成的二硫键。用10mM乙酸钠,pH5稀释还原的ThioMab并且上样至10mM乙酸钠,pH5中的HiTrapSPFF柱上并且用含有150mM氯化钠的50mMTris-Cl,pH7.5洗脱。在室温用含有15XDHAA的50mMTris-Cl,pH7.5进行再氧化3小时,使亲代Mab中的半胱氨酸残基之间重新建二硫键。可以使用本领域公知的其它氧化剂,即氧化剂和氧化条件。环境空气氧化也是有效的。这种适度的部分再氧化步骤有效地形成具有高保真度的链内二硫键。加入约1.5倍过量的药物-接头中间体,例如5,8,14,18,混合并且在室温下保持约1小时,以便进行偶联并且形成ThioMab抗体-药物偶联物。将偶联混合物上HiTrapSPFF柱且洗脱该柱以便除去过量的药物-接头中间体和其它杂质。
N-甲基丙氨酰美登醇药物模块
本发明的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)的药物模块(D)为一种美登木素生物碱衍生物,其具有经由任何作用机制(包括微管蛋白抑制、有丝分裂抑制、拓扑异构酶抑制或DNA插入)的细胞毒性或细胞抑制性效应。
美登素化合物通过抑制有丝分裂过程中的微管蛋白形成抑制细胞增殖,所述的抑制有丝分裂过程中的微管蛋白形成通过抑制微管蛋白,即微管素的聚合来进行(Remillard等(1975)Science189:1002-1005)。美登素和美登木素生物碱具有高度细胞毒性,但其在癌症疗法中的临床应用因其主要由于对肿瘤的选择性差导致的严重的全身副作用而非常有限。因对中枢神经系统和胃肠系统的严重不良作用而已中断了使用美登素的临床试验(Issel等(1978)Can.Treatment.Rev.5:199-207)。
美登木素生物碱药物模块为抗体-药物偶联物中有吸引力的药物模块,因为它们:(i)相对易于接近以便通过发酵或化学修饰、衍生发酵产物来制备;(ii)易于使用适合于通过非二硫化物连接基与抗体偶联的官能基衍生;(iii)在血浆中稳定;和(iv)对多种肿瘤细胞系有效(US2005/0169933;WO2005/037992;US5208020)。
美登木素生物碱衍生物包括依照已知方法自天然来源制备的,使用遗传工程技术生成的N-甲基丙氨酰美登醇化合物(Yuetal(2002)Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.(USA)99:7968-7973;US6790954;US7192750)。最初分离自一种非洲灌木(US3896111),美登素最有效通过微生物发酵获得(US4151042;US6790954;US7192750;US7432088),其产生C-3酯安丝菌素(C-3esteransamitocin)混合物。还原C-3酯产生美登醇(US7411063;6333410)。美登醇的C-3羟基可以选择性衍生化(US7301019;US7276497;US7473796;US7598375),包括丙氨酰酯(US4137230;US4260608;US5208020;及Chem.Pharm.Bull.(1984)12:3441)。
式I的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)的N-甲基丙氨酰美登醇药物模块(D)具有结构:
其中波状线表示与接头(L)的附着点。
对本发明的化合物而言,关注美登木素生物碱药物模块的所有立体异构体,即在D的手性碳上的R和S构型的任意组合。在一个实施方案中,美登木素生物碱药物模块(D)具有下列立体化学:
本发明的式I的药物-接头中间体和抗体-药物偶联物的N-甲基丙氨酰美登醇药物模块(D)包含与N-甲基丙氨酰基团的酰胺-烃基或酰胺-亚乙基氧连接,没有附着至美登木素生物碱药物模块N-甲基丙氨酰基团的烃基硫-马来酰亚胺基连接,诸如mpeo-DM1或mcc-DM1连接,分别例示于US2005/0276812第29页和第32页。
N-甲基丙氨酰美登醇药物-接头中间体
本发明包括N-甲基丙氨酰美登醇药物-接头中间体化合物,其中接头附着于C-3丙氨酰美登木素生物碱模块且具有式I:
L为
E为或
n为2,3,4,5或6;
m为2,3或4;和
q为0或1。
接头(L)为双功能或多功能模块,其可用于连接一个或多个美登醇药物模块(D)和抗体单元(Ab)以形成式Ia或Ib的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)。抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)可使用具有反应性官能度来结合药物和抗体的接头方便地制备。半胱氨酸改造抗体(Ab)的半胱氨酸硫醇能与接头试剂或药物-接头中间体的亲电子官能团(E)形成键。已知溴乙酰胺基和马来酰亚胺官能团能与硫醇(包括蛋白质的半胱氨酸硫醇)反应(Schelteetal(2000)BioconjugateChem.11:118-123;Alleyetal(2008)BioconjugateChem.19:759-765)。在一个方面,接头具有反应性位点,其具有能与抗体上存在的亲核半胱氨酸反应的亲电子基团。抗体的半胱氨酸硫醇能与接头上的亲电子基团反应并与接头形成共价键。有用的亲电子基团包括但不限于马来酰亚胺和卤乙酰胺基团。依照Klussman,etal(2004),BioconjugateChemistry15(4):765-773第766页的偶联方法及依照实施例6的方案使半胱氨酸改造的抗体与具有亲电子官能团(诸如马来酰亚胺或α-卤羰基)的接头试剂或药物-接头中间体反应。
硫醇反应性、亲电子官能团的例子包括但不限于马来酰亚胺、α-卤乙酰基、活化的酯诸如琥珀酰亚胺酯、4-硝基苯基酯、五氟苯基酯、四氟苯基酯、酐、酸性氯化物、磺酰氯、异氰酸根、异硫氰酸、乙烯基砜、氯三嗪、2-卤吡啶基、氯嘧啶和烯酰胺。
药物-接头中间体的接头模块可以是2,3,4,5或6个亚甲基的烃基,其中L为(CH2)n且n为2,3,4,5或6。一个例示性实施方案是图1和实施例1的mal-mc-ala-May药物-接头中间体5,其中E为马来酰亚胺,且n为5。用(S)-2-(甲基氨基)丙酸(N-甲基S-丙氨酸)2酰化2,5-二氧吡咯烷-1-基6-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸酯1产生(S)-2-(6-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己酰胺基)丙酸3。将美登醇4在3-羟基处与3偶联产生mal-hex-ala-May5,其可以与抗体偶联产生抗体-药物偶联物,Ab-hex-mc-ala-May。
另一个例示性实施方案是图2和实施例2的bra-hex-ala-May8,其中E为2-溴乙酰胺,且n为5。用(S)-2-(甲基氨基)丙酸(N-甲基S-丙氨酸)2酰化2,5-二氧吡咯烷-1-基6-(2-溴乙酰胺基)己酸酯6产生(S)-2-(6-(2-溴乙酰胺基)-N-甲基己酰胺基)丙酸7。将美登醇4在3-羟基处与7偶联产生bra-hex-ala-May8,其可以与抗体偶联产生抗体-药物偶联物,Ab-acet-hex-ala-May。
药物-接头中间体的接头模块L可包含亚乙基氧(PEG)单元,其中L为n为2,3,4,5或6;m为2,3或4;且q为1。一个例示性实施方案是图3和实施例3的mal-PEG3-ala-May药物-接头中间体14,其中E为马来酰亚胺,n为4,且m为3。将自己二酸形成的单N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)酯,6-(2,5-二氧吡咯烷-1-基氧)-6-氧己酸9与2,2'-(2,2'-氧二(乙烷-2,1-二基)二(氧))二乙胺反应以产生1-氨基-13-氧-3,6,9-三氧-12-氮十八烷-18-酸10。用甲基2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-羧酸酯形成10的马来酰亚胺以产生1-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-13-氧-3,6,9-三氧-12-氮十八烷-18-酸11。用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和DCC形成11的NHS酯以产生2,5-二氧吡咯烷-1-基1-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-13-氧-3,6,9-三氧-12-氮十八烷-18-酸酯12。用(S)-2-(甲基氨基)丙酸(N-甲基S-丙氨酸)2酰胺化12产生(S)-1-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-19,20-二甲基-13,18-二氧-3,6,9-三氧-12,19-二氮二十一烷-21-酸13。在美登醇4的3-羟基处与13偶联产生mal-PEG3-ala-May药物-接头中间体14,其可以与抗体偶联产生抗体-药物偶联物,Ab-mal-PEG3-ala-May。
或者,将美登醇4与N,N-二异丙基乙胺,zinctriflate和(S)-3,4-二甲基唑烷-2,5-二酮2a在THF/DMF中反应以产生3-(S-(N-甲基丙氨酰)美登醇4a(图1b)。在DCM中自(S)-2-(甲基氨基)丙酸(N-甲基S-丙氨酸)2和三氯化磷制备试剂2a。将3-(S-(N-甲基丙氨酰)美登醇4a与1-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-13-氧-3,6,9-三氧-12-氮十八烷-18-酸11,盐酸N-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N'-乙基碳二亚胺和N,N-二异丙基乙胺偶联以提供mal-PEG3-ala-May14(图3)。
另一个例示性实施方案是图4和实施例4的bra-PEG3-ala-May18,其中E为2-溴乙酰胺,n为4,且m为3。将1-氨基-13-氧-3,6,9-三氧-12-氮十八烷-18-酸10用溴乙酰溴酰化以产生1-溴-2,16-二氧-6,9,12-三氧-3,15-二氮二十一烷-21-酸15。在DCM中用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和DCC形成15的NHS酯以产生2,5-二氧吡咯烷-1-基1-溴-2,16-二氧-6,9,12-三氧-3,15-二氮二十一烷-21-酸酯16。用(S)-2-(甲基氨基)丙酸(N-甲基S-丙氨酸)2酰化16产生接头试剂,(S)-1-溴-22,23-二甲基-2,16,21-三氧-6,9,12-三氧-3,15,22-三氮二十四烷-24-酸17。在美登醇4的3-羟基处与17偶联产生bra-PEG3-ala-May药物-接头中间体18,其可以与抗体偶联产生抗体-药物偶联物,Ab-acet-PEG3-ala-May。
或者,将3-(S-(N-甲基丙氨酰)美登醇4a(图1b)与1-溴-2,16-二氧-6,9,12-三氧-3,15-二氮二十一烷-21-酸15,盐酸N-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N'-乙基碳二亚胺和N,N-二异丙基乙胺偶联以提供bra-PEG3-ala-May18(图4)。
丙氨酰美登木素生物碱抗体-药物偶联物
本发明的抗体-药物偶联物由经由接头模块共价附着至抗体的反应性半胱氨酸硫醇基的N-甲基丙氨酰美登醇药物模块构成。
抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)化合物的一个例示性实施方案包含半胱氨酸改造抗体(Ab)和N-甲基丙氨酰美登醇药物模块(D),其中该抗体具有一个或多个游离半胱氨酸,且该抗体通过接头模块(L)经由该一个或多个游离半胱氨酸附着至D;该化合物具有式:
Ab-(L-D)p
其中p为1,2,3或4。可经由硫醇反应性接头模块偶联至抗体分子的药物模块数目受到通过本文所述方法导入的半胱氨酸残基数目的限制。因此,自式I的药物-接头中间体制备的例示性ADC包含具有1,2,3或4个工程化改造的半胱氨酸的抗体。
丙氨酰美登木素生物碱抗体-药物偶联物的例示性实施方案为式Ia(其中L包含马来酰亚胺模块)和式Ib(其中L包含乙酰胺基甲基模块)。
L为
n为2,3,4,5或6;
m为2,3或4;
q为0或1;
p为1至4;且
Ab为抗体。
式Ia丙氨酰美登木素生物碱抗体-药物偶联物的例示性实施方案包括Ab-mal-hex-ala-May:
和Ab-mal-PEG3-ala-May:
式Ib丙氨酰美登木素生物碱抗体-药物偶联物的例示性实施方案包括Ab-acet-hex-ala-May:
和Ab-acet-PEG3-ala-May:
本发明的ADC化合物包括具有抗癌疗法效用的化合物。特别地,该化合物包括偶联(即通过接头共价附着)药物模块(即毒素)的半胱氨酸改造的抗体。当药物不偶联抗体时,药物具有细胞毒性或细胞抑制性效应。如此,药物模块的生物学活性受到抗体偶联的调控。本发明的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)将有效剂量的细胞毒剂选择性投递至肿瘤部位,由此可实现更大的选择性(即更低的有效剂量)。
体外细胞增殖试验
一般而言,通过下列步骤测定抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)的细胞毒性或细胞抑制活性:使具有受体蛋白,例如HER2的哺乳动物细胞在细胞培养基中接触ADC的抗体;将细胞培养约6小时-约5天的时间;和测定细胞存活率。基于细胞的体外试验用于测定存活率(增殖)、细胞毒性和本发明ADC的程序性细胞死亡诱导(胱天蛋白酶活化)。
通过细胞增殖试验测定抗体-药物偶联物的体外功效(实施例7)。CellTiter-LuminescentCellViabilityAssay为商购的(PromegaCorp.,Madison,WI)基于鞘翅目(Coleoptera)萤光素酶的重组表达的同质性试验方法(homogeneousassaymethod)(美国专利US5583024;5674713和5700670)。该细胞增殖试验基于对存在的ATP进行定量测定了培养物中存活细胞的数量,其中存在的ATP为代谢活性细胞的指示剂(Crouch等(1993)J.Immunol.Meth.160:81-88;US6602677)。在96孔板中进行Assay,使得它易于进行自动化高流通量筛选(HTS)(Cree等(1995)AntiCancerDrugs6:398-404)。同质性试验操作步骤包括将单一试剂(CellTiter-Reagent)直接加入到在补充有血清的培养基中培养的细胞中。无需进行细胞洗涤、除去培养基和多次吸移的步骤。该系统可以在添加试剂并且混合后10分钟内检测384-孔格中低至15个细胞/孔。可以用ADC连续处理细胞,或可以处理它们并且从ADC中分离。一般而言,暂短,即3小时处理的细胞表现出与连续处理的细胞相同的功效作用。
同质性“添加-混合-测定”方式导致细胞裂解并且产生与存在的ATP量成比例的发光信号。ATP的量与培养物中存在的细胞数量成正比。CellTiter-Assay产生由萤光素酶反应产生的“辉光-型(glow-type)”发光信号,它具有一般大于5小时的半衰期,这取决于所用的细胞类型和培养基。以相对发光单位(RLU)反映出存活细胞。底物甲虫萤光素被重组萤火虫萤光素酶氧化脱羧化,而同时ATP转化成AMP并且产生光子。
多种浓度的测试样品5天体外SK-BR-3细胞增殖试验结果显示于表3。
所有ThioMab抗体-药物偶联物显示相似的体外功效(IC50值10-12ng/ml),不管接头,而且这些偶联物展示与TMAb-mcc-DM1(IC50:5ng/ml)相比低约2倍的效力(表3)。在比较ThioMabADC的药物加载(1.8DAR)与常规ADC的药物加载(3.5DAR)时,ThioMab偶联物降低的体外效力与常规ADC成正比。对照未偶联trastuzumab或thio-trastuzumab变体直到试验中测试的10,000ng/ml浓度显示活性很低或没有活性。
表3
trastuzumab-mcc-DM1(trastuzumabemtansine,TMAb-mcc-DM1,T-DM1)是一种抗体-药物偶联物(CASReg.No.139504-50-0),且具有结构:
其中Tr指经由自接头试剂琥珀酰亚胺基4-(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸酯(SMCC,PierceBiotechnology,Inc)形成的马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸酯接头模块(mcc)连接自硫醇美登木素生物碱药物模块DM1(US5208020;US6441163)的硫醇基的曲妥单抗。药物对抗体比或药物加载在上文trastuzumab-mcc-DM1结构中用p代表,而且范围为1到约8的整数。药物加载值p为1至8。Trastuzumab-mcc-DM1包括不同加载和附着的抗体-药物偶联物的所有混合物,其中1,2,3,4,5,6,7和8个药物模块共价附着至抗体曲妥单抗(US7097840;US2005/0276812;US2005/0166993)。
体内功效
在MMTV-HER2Fo5曲妥单抗抗性乳腺肿瘤模型中测试TMAb-mcc-DM1(6)和具有共价附着至DM1的mpeo(2)hex(5)和PEG3(3),(4),(7),(8)接头的多种ThioMab偶联物(实施例6)的体内功效(实施例8),而且这些结果呈现于图5a、5b和6。MMTV-HER2Fo5肿瘤外植体植入CRLnu/nu小鼠的No.2/3乳腺脂肪垫。当肿瘤达到平均体积180mm3时,将小鼠随机化,然后在研究第0天给予单剂静脉内DM1偶联物(10mg/kg)。
图5a和5b显示服用(1)媒介(ADC缓冲液),(2)LC-V205C-Thio-TMAb-mpeo-DM1,(3)LC-V205C-Thio-TMAb-mal-PEG3-ala-May,(4)HC-A118C-Thio-TMAb-mal-PEG3-ala-May,(5)LC-V205CThio-TMAb-mal-hex-ala-May,(6)TMAb-mcc-DM1(曲妥单抗-mcc-DM1,T-DM1),(7)LC-V205C-Thioanti-gD5B6-mal-PEG3-ala-May,(8)LC-V205C-Thioanti-gD5B6-mal-hex-ala-May后,在接种入CRLnu/nu小鼠乳腺脂肪垫的MMTV-HER2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤中,体内拟合肿瘤体积随时间的变化的图(实施例6,8)。所有抗体药物偶联物(单剂)以10mg/kg静脉内给药。抗gD5B6为对照抗体且其对应抗原在Fo5肿瘤组织中不表达。
(6)TMAb-mcc-DM1在10mg/kg(等于DM1剂量560μg/m2)显示部分抑制肿瘤生长。所有ThioTMAb-美登木素生物碱偶联物在相同抗体浓度具有相当的活性,尽管具有较低的药物载荷。(3)LC-V205C-Thio-TMAb-mal-PEG3-ala-May在mg/kg剂量比较方面显示比(2)LC-V205CThio-TMAb-mpeo-DM1略微改善的活性(图5a)。尽管由于较低的药物载荷,具有hex和PEG3接头的ThioMab偶联物显示低约2倍的体外效力,它们显示与TMAb-mcc-DM1相当的体内功效,指示hex和PEG3丙氨酰美登醇接头-药物模块在抗体-药物偶联物中可能具有改善的药动学特性。
图6显示服用:(1)媒介:组氨酸缓冲液#8:20mM乙酸组氨酸,pH5.5,240mM蔗糖,0.02%PS20,(4)HC-A118C-Thio-TMAb-mal-PEG3-ala-May,5mg/kg剂量,150μg/m2药物暴露,(4)HC-A118C-Thio-TMAb-mal-PEG3-ala-May,10mg/kg剂量,300μg/m2药物暴露,(10)HC-A118CThioanti-gD5B6-bra-PEG3-ala-May,5mg/kg剂量,120μg/m2药物暴露,(10)HC-A118CThioanti-gD5B6-bra-PEG3-ala-May,10mg/kg剂量,240μg/m2药物暴露,(11)HC-A118CThioTMAb-bra-PEG3-ala-May,5mg/kg剂量,115μg/m2药物暴露,(11)HC-A118CThioTMAb-bra-PEG3-ala-May,10mg/kg剂量,230μg/m2药物暴露,(12)HC-A118C,LC-V205CThio-TMAb-mal-PEG3-ala-May,5gm/kg剂量,320μg/m2药物暴露,(12)HC-A118C,LC-V205CThio-TMAb-mal-PEG3-ala-May,10gm/kg剂量,640μg/m2药物暴露后,在接种入CRLnu/nu小鼠乳腺脂肪垫的MMTV-HER2Fo5转基因乳腺肿瘤中,体内拟合肿瘤体积随时间的变化的图。给一组九只动物服用特定剂量的抗体-药物偶联物。
媒介和阴性对照(10)抗gD5B6抗体-药物偶联物显示无肿瘤生长抑制效果。抗HER2抗体-药物偶联物(4),(11)和(12)显示剂量依赖性和美登木素生物碱药物暴露依赖性肿瘤生长抑制。抗体(12)HC-A118C,LC-V205CThio-TMAb-mal-PEG3-ala-May是一种双重突变体,在重链A118和轻链V205处导入有半胱氨酸。药物-接头中间体,mal-PEG3-ala-May14(实施例3)几乎定量地以药物/抗体比3.9偶联至双重突变体HC-A118C,LC-V205CThio-TMAb。服用10mg/kg偶联物(12)的九只测试组动物显示两种部分响应。
抗体-药物偶联物的给药
可以通过适合于所治疗疾病的任意途径给予本发明的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)。一般通过肠胃外途径给予ADC,即输注、皮下、肌肉内、静脉内、真皮内、鞘内和硬膜外。
药用配制剂
本发明的治疗性抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)通常与药学上可接受的肠胃外媒介物一起配制成单位剂量可注射形式的药用配制剂供肠胃外施用,即快速灌注(bolus)、静脉内注射、肿瘤内注射。任选将具有所需纯度的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)与药学上可接受的稀释剂、载体、赋形剂或稳定剂混合(Remington'sPharmaceuticalSciences(1980)16thedition,Osol,A.Ed.)成冻干剂型或水溶液形式。
抗体-药物偶联物治疗
关注本发明的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)可以用于治疗各种疾病或病症,例如其特征在于肿瘤抗原的过表达的疾病或病症。典型的疾病或过度增殖性病症包括良性或恶性肿瘤;白血病和淋巴样恶性肿瘤。其它疾病包括神经元、神经胶质、星形胶质细胞、下丘脑、腺体、巨噬细胞、上皮细胞、间质、囊胚腔、炎性、血管发生和免疫性疾病,包括自身免疫性疾病。
一般而言,所治疗的疾病或病症为过度增殖性疾病,诸如癌症。癌症的实例包括,但不局限于癌、淋巴瘤、母细胞瘤、肉瘤和白血病或淋巴样恶性肿瘤。更具体地说,这类癌症包括:鳞状细胞癌(例如上皮鳞状细胞癌);肺癌,包括小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、肺腺癌和肺鳞癌;腹膜癌;肝细胞癌;胃癌,包括胃肠癌;胰腺癌、成胶质细胞瘤;宫颈癌;卵巢癌;肝癌(livercancer);膀胱癌;肝细胞癌(hepatoma);乳腺癌;结肠癌;直肠癌;结直肠癌;子宫内膜癌或子宫癌;唾液腺癌;肾癌;前列腺癌、外阴癌;甲状腺癌;肝癌(hepaticcarcinoma);肛门癌;阴茎癌和头颈部癌。
ADC化合物可以用于治疗的自身免疫性疾病包括风湿病(诸如,例如类风湿性关节炎;斯耶格仑氏综合征;硬皮病;狼疮,诸如系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)和狼疮性肾炎;多肌炎/皮肌炎;冷球蛋白血症;抗-磷脂抗体综合征;和牛皮癣性关节炎)、骨关节炎、自身免疫性胃肠和肝病(诸如,例如炎症性肠病(例如溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩(Crohn's)病)、自身免疫性胃炎和恶性贫血、自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬变、原发性硬化性胆管炎和乳糜泻(celiacdisease))、血管炎(诸如,例如ANCA-相关血管炎,包括丘-施(Churg-Strauss)血管炎、韦格纳(Wegener's)肉芽肿和多动脉炎)、自身免疫性神经疾病(诸如,例如多发性硬化、斜视眼肌阵挛综合征(opsoclonusmyoclonussyndrome)、重症肌无力、眼脑脊髓病、帕金森(Parkinson’s)病、阿尔茨海默(Alzheimer’s)病和自身免疫性多神经病)、肾脏疾病(诸如,例如肾小球肾炎、古德帕斯彻(Goodpasture’s)综合征和贝格尔(Berger’s)病)、自身免疫性皮肤病(诸如,例如银屑病、荨麻疹(urticaria)、荨麻疹(hives)、寻常天疱疮、大疱性类天疱疮和皮肤红斑狼疮)、血液病(诸如,例如血小板减少性紫癜、血栓性血小板减少性紫癜、输血后紫癜和自身免疫性溶血性贫血)、动脉粥样硬化、眼色素层炎、自身免疫性听觉疾病(诸如,例如内耳疾病和,听力丧失)、贝切特(Behcet's)病、雷诺(Raynaud's)综合征、器官移植和自身免疫性内分泌病症(诸如,例如糖尿病相关性自身免疫性疾病,诸如胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(IDDM),阿狄森(Addison’s)病和自身免疫性甲状腺病(例如格雷夫斯(Graves’)病和甲状腺炎))。更优选的这类疾病包括:例如类风湿性关节炎、溃疡性结肠炎、ANCA-相关血管炎、狼疮、多发性硬化、斯耶格仑综合征、格雷夫斯病、IDDM、恶性贫血、甲状腺炎和肾小球肾炎。
为了预防或治疗疾病,ADC的适当剂量取决于如上述定义的所治疗的疾病类型、疾病的严重程度和时程、给予所述分子是为了预防还是为了治疗目的、先前的治疗、患者的临床病史和对抗体的反应以及主治医师的判定。将所述的分子适当对患者给予一次或在一系列治疗过程中给予。根据疾病类型和严重程度的不同,对患者给药的分子的初始候选剂量约为1μg/kg-15mg/kg(例如0.1-20mg/kg),例如,无论是通过一次或多次分开的给药,还是通过连续输注。典型的每日剂量可以在约1μg/kg-100mg/kg或更大的范围,这取决于上述因素。对患者给予的典型的ADC的剂量在约0.1-约10mg/kg患者体重的范围。
制品
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,提供了含有用于治疗上述病症的物质的制品或“试剂盒”。所述的制品包含容器和在容器上或与其相连的标签或包装说明书。合适的容器包括:例如瓶、小瓶、注射器、泡罩包等,容器可以由各种材料,诸如玻璃或塑料形成。容器可以容纳有效治疗疾病的抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)组合物并且可以具有无菌存取口(例如容器可以为静脉用溶液袋或具有可刺入皮下注射针头的塞的小瓶)。组合物中至少一种活性剂为ADC。标签或包装说明书表示组合物用于治疗选择的疾病,诸如癌症。或者或另外,所述制品可以进一步含有第二种(或第三种)容器,该容器包含药学上可接受的缓冲剂,诸如抑菌性注射用水(BWFI)、磷酸缓冲盐水、林格液和葡萄糖溶液。它可以进一步包括从商业和使用者角度而言需要的其它物质,包括其它缓冲液、稀释剂、过滤器、针头和注射器。
实施例
实施例1:mal-hex-ala-May5的合成
用(S)-2-(甲基氨基)丙酸(N-甲基S-丙氨酸)2酰化2,5-二氧吡咯烷-1-基6-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸酯1产生(S)-2-(6-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己酰胺)丙酸3(图1a)。将3在3-羟基处与美登醇4偶联产生mal-hex-ala-May5。MS[M+H]+843.5。1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ7.11(s,1H),6.76(s,2H),6.72-6.65(m,2H),6.60(dd,J=14.7,11.4Hz,1H),5.69(dd,J=14.9,9.1Hz,1H),5.49(q,J=6.7Hz,1H),4.65(dd,J=11.9,2.1Hz,1H),4.19(td,J=10.3,4.1Hz,1H),3.97(s,3H),3.62-3.55(m,2H),3.41-3.34(m,5H),3.23(d,J=12.7Hz,1H),3.20(s,3H),2.94(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),2.84(s,3H),2.72–2.62(m,1H),2.56–2.45(m,1H),2.33–2.23(m,1H),2.14(dd,J=14.1,1.8Hz,1H),1.68(s,3H),1.65–1.42(m,7H),1.29(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),1.28–1.25(m,2H),1.23(d,J=6.3Hz,3H),0.84(s,3H)。
实施例2:bra-hex-ala-May8的合成
用(S)-2-(甲基氨基)丙酸(N-甲基S-丙氨酸)2酰化2,5-二氧吡咯烷-1-基6-(2-溴乙酰胺基)己酸酯6产生(S)-2-(6-(2-溴乙酰胺)-N-甲基己酰胺基)丙酸7(图2)。将7在3-羟基处与美登醇4偶联产生bra-hex-ala-May8。
实施例3:mal-PEG3-ala-May14的合成
向2,2'-(2,2'-氧二(乙烷-2,1-二基)二(氧))二乙胺(Chem-Impex,5.00g,0.0260mol)在THF(525mL)中的溶液添加4-二甲基氨基吡啶(320mg,0.0026mol)。在1小时时段里使用加液漏斗向此添加二叔丁基碳酸氢酯(5.68g,0.0260mol)在THF(100mL)中的溶液,都于室温进行。(图3)。溶液首先变浑浊,但是然后变清澈。遵循McReynoldsK.D.etal.,(2002),BioorgMedChem,10:625,将溶液再搅动2小时,然后浓缩并通过ISCO(0-20%MeOH/DCM)纯化以提供叔丁基2-(2-(2-(2-氨基乙氧基)乙氧基)乙氧基)乙基氨基甲酸酯,为浅黄色油(2.70g,36%)。MS[M+H]+293.3。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ5.79(s,1H),3.69-3.57(m,8H),3.56-3.47(m,4H),3.32-3.23(m,2H),2.84(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),1.44(s,9H)。
向在四氢呋喃(100mL)中装有叔丁基2-(2-(2-(2-氨基乙氧基)乙氧基)乙氧基)乙基氨基甲酸酯(1.219g,4.169mmol)和己二酸(肥酸,3.046g,20.84mmol)的烧瓶添加N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(1.23g,5.98mmol)。反应于室温搅动并变浑浊。2小时后,将溶液冷却至0°C并通过过滤除去副产物N,N’-二环己基脲。将反应在硅胶上浓缩并经ISCO(40g柱,0-10%MeOH/DCM)纯化。浓缩提供2,2-二甲基-4,18-二氧-3,8,11,14-四氧-5,17-二氮二十三烷-23-酸9,为透明油(1.28g,73%)。MS[M+H]+421.4。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ10.55(s,1H),6.65(s,1H),5.27(s,1H),3.67-3.62(m,8H),3.60-3.52(m,4H),3.48-3.41(m,2H),3.35-3.23(m,2H),2.35(t,J=6.3Hz,3H),2.25(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),1.44(s,9H)。
向装有2,2-二甲基-4,18-二氧-3,8,11,14-四氧-5,17-二氮二十三烷-23-酸9(682.3mg,0.001623mol)的管形瓶添加4mL在1,4-二烷中的4M氯化氢。将反应搅动30分钟,然后浓缩。添加碳酸氢钠的饱和水溶液(5.1mL)。将溶液冷却至0°C并搅动10分钟,然后添加N-甲氧基羰基马来酰亚胺(251.7mg,1.622mmol)。将反应于0°C搅动20分钟,然后升温至室温。将反应用DMF稀释,用5滴甲酸淬灭,过滤,并通过rp-HPLC纯化以提供1-氨基-13-氧-3,6,9-三氧-12-氮十八烷-18-酸10,为透明油(297mg,46%)。MS[M+H]+401.3。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ8.66(s,1H),6.56(t,J=4.8Hz,1H),3.73(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),3.66-3.60(m,9H),3.56(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),3.47-3.41(m,2H),2.35(t,J=6.7Hz,2H),2.24(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),1.77-1.58(m,4H)。
用甲基2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-羧酸酯形成10的马来酰亚胺以产生1-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-13-氧-3,6,9-三氧-12-氮十八烷-18-酸11(Hermanson,G.T.“BioconjugateTechniques”,SecondEdition,(2008)AcademicPress,Elsevier)。在DCM中用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和DCC形成11的NHS酯以产生2,5-二氧吡咯烷-1-基,1-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-13-氧-3,6,9-三氧-12-氮十八烷-18-酸酯12。12用(S)-2-(甲基氨基)丙酸(N-甲基S-丙氨酸)2的酰胺化产生(S)-1-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-19,20-二甲基-13,18-二氧-3,6,9-三氧-12,19-二氮二十一烷-21-酸13。美登醇4在3-羟基处与13的偶联产生mal-PEG3-ala-May药物-接头中间体14。
或者,向美登醇4(50.0mg,0.0885mmol)在DMF(1.12mL,14.5mmol)和THF(380μL,4.6mmol)中的溶液添加N,N-二异丙基乙胺(62μL,0.35mmol),zinctriflate(129mg,0.354mmol)和(S)-3,4-二甲基唑烷-2,5-二酮2a(80.0mg,0.619mmol)(图1b)。将反应搅动24小时并添加乙酸乙酯(2mL),然后在5分钟里添加2mL饱和1:1碳酸氢钠(水)/氯化钠(水)溶液。将溶液搅动30分钟,并过滤盐并用乙酸乙酯漂洗。将两相分开并用3x2mL乙酸乙酯提取水相。将组合的有机相浓缩至0.25mL。添加2mL乙酸乙酯,并再次将溶液降至0.25mL。此稀释和浓缩再进行一次。最后,添加乙酸乙酯以给出2mL左右溶液并穿过0.45微米注射器滤器过滤沉淀的盐以产生3-(S-(N-甲基丙氨酰)美登醇4a(图1b)。
向3-(S-(N-甲基丙氨酰)美登醇4a的溶液添加1-(2,5-二氧-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-13-氧-3,6,9-三氧-12-氮十八烷-18-酸11(65.5mg,0.164mmol),盐酸N-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N'-乙基碳二亚胺(31.4mg,0.164mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(7.71μL,0.0442mmol)。将反应搅动2小时,并将反应过滤并在RP-HPLC上纯化以提供mal-PEG3-ala-May14,为透明油(48.8mg,53%)。MS[M+H]+1032.7。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ6.83(s,1H),6.71(s,2H),6.70-6.64(m,2H),6.47-6.37(m,2H),6.27(t,J=4.8Hz,1H),5.67(dd,J=15.3,9.1Hz,1H),5.35(q,J=6.7Hz,1H),4.78(dd,J=12.0,2.8Hz,1H),4.29(t,J=10.8Hz,1H),3.98(s,3H),3.72(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),3.67–3.56(m,12H),3.54–3.48(m,3H),3.44–3.38(m,2H),3.36(s,3H),3.19(s,3H),3.11(d,J=12.7Hz,1H),3.01(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),2.84(s,3H),2.60(dd,J=14.1,12.4Hz,1H),2.48–2.38(m,1H),2.30–2.13(m,4H),1.75–1.58(m,8H),1.52–1.40(m,1H),1.29(t,J=6.0Hz,6H),1.22(d,J=12.9Hz,1H),0.80(s,3H)。
实施例4:bra-PEG3-ala-May18的合成
向装有2,2-二甲基-4,18-二氧-3,8,11,14-四氧-5,17-二氮二十三烷-23-酸9(321.8mg,0.7653mmol)的管形瓶添加1mL二氯甲基和1mL三氟乙酸。将反应搅动30分钟并浓缩产生1-氨基-13-氧-3,6,9-三氧-12-氮十八烷-18-酸10(图3)。
将N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(7.65mL)添加至10的管形瓶并将溶液冷却至0°C(图4)。添加溴乙酰溴(73μL,0.842mmol),接着是N,N-二异丙基乙胺(160μL,0.918mmol)。搅动45分钟后,将2mL含0.1%甲酸的水添加至溶液并通过RP-HPLC纯化产物以提供1-溴-2,16-二氧-6,9,12-三氧-3,15-二氮二十一烷-21-酸15,为透明油(89.6mg,27%)。MS[M+H]+441.3。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.12(s,1H),6.48(s,1H),3.89(s,2H),3.69-3.54(m,12H),3.53-3.41(m,4H),2.36(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.24(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.76-1.59(m,4H)。
在DCM中用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和DCC形成15的NHS酯以产生2,5-二氧吡咯烷-1-基1-溴-2,16-二氧-6,9,12-三氧-3,15-二氮二十一烷-21-酸酯16。16用(S)-2-(甲基氨基)丙酸(N-甲基S-丙氨酸)2的酰胺化产生接头试剂,(S)-1-溴-22,23-二甲基-2,16,21-三氧-6,9,12-三氧-3,15,22-三氮二十四烷-24-酸17。美登醇4在3-羟基处与17的偶联产生bra-PEG3-ala-May药物-接头中间体18(图4)。
或者,向3-(S-(N-甲基丙氨酰)美登醇4a(图1b)的溶液添加1-溴-2,16-二氧-6,9,12-三氧-3,15-二氮二十一烷-21-酸15(72.2mg,0.164mmol),盐酸N-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N'-乙基碳二亚胺(31.4mg,0.164mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(7.71μL,0.0442mmol)。搅动反应2小时,并将反应过滤并在RP-HPLC上纯化以提供bra-PEG3-ala-May18,为透明油(53.3mg,56%)。MS[M+H]+1073.0。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.10(s,1H),6.83(s,1H),6.66(s,1H),6.64(s,1H),6.48-6.37(m,2H),6.32(t,J=4.8Hz,1H),5.68(dd,J=15.3,9.1Hz,1H),5.31(q,J=6.5Hz,1H),4.79(dd,J=12.0,2.8Hz,1H),4.29(t,J=11.2Hz,1H),3.98(s,3H),3.87(s,2H),3.65–3.62(m,9H),3.61–3.58(m,3H),3.54(t,J=5.2Hz,2H),3.50–3.47(m,3H),3.42(dd,J=9.8,4.9Hz,2H),3.36(s,3H),3.19(s,3H),3.12(d,J=12.7Hz,1H),3.00(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),2.85(s,3H),2.60(dd,J=14.1,12.4Hz,1H),2.49–2.12(m,6H),1.69–1.57(m,7H),1.46(qd,J=12.8,6.4Hz,1H),1.31(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.28(d,J=6.3Hz,3H),1.23(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),0.80(s,3H)。
实施例5:制备用于通过还原和氧化来偶联的半胱氨酸改造抗体
轻链氨基酸依照Kabat(Kabatetal.,Sequencesofproteinsofimmunologicalinterest,(1991)5thEd.,USDeptofHealthand人Service,NationalInstitutesofHealth,Bethesda,MD)编号。重链氨基酸依照EU编号系统(Edelmanetal(1969)Proc.Natl.AcadofSciences63(1):78-85)编号,除了像Kabat系统记录的地方。使用单字母氨基酸缩写。
由于细胞培养条件,在CHO细胞中表达的全长,半胱氨酸改造单克隆抗体(ThioMab)携带半胱氨酸加合物(胱氨酸)或在工程化半胱氨酸上glutathionylated。为了释放工程化半胱氨酸的反应性硫醇基团,将ThioMab在约pH8.0的500mM硼酸钠和500mM氯化钠中溶解并用约50-100倍过量的1mMTCEP(盐酸三(2-羧乙基)膦)(Getzetal(1999)Anal.Biochem.Vol273:73-80;SoltecVentures,Beverly,MA)于37°C还原约1-2小时。或者,可使用DTT作为还原剂。通过非还原性SDS-PAGE或通过变性反相HPLCPLRP柱层析监测链间二硫键的形成。将还原后的ThioMab在pH5的10mM乙酸钠中稀释并加载到HiTrapS柱上,并用含有0.3M氯化钠的PBS洗脱。将洗脱的还原后的ThioMab用pH7的2mM脱氢抗坏血酸(dhAA)处理3小时,或用2mM含水硫酸铜(CuSO4)于室温处理过夜。环境空气氧化也会是有效的。通过在SephadexG25树脂上洗脱来更换缓冲液并用含1mMDTPA的PBS洗脱。自溶液在280nm处的吸光度确定还原抗体浓度及通过与DTNB(Aldrich,Milwaukee,WI)反应并测定在412nm处的吸光度来确定硫醇浓度,由此检查硫醇/抗体值(thiol/Abvalue)。
在质量范围扩大的TSQ量子三联四极质谱仪(ThermoElectron,SanJoseCalifornia)上实施液相层析/质谱分析。在加热至75°C的PRLP-S,1000A,microbore柱(50mmx2.1mm,PolymerLaboratories,Shropshire,UK)上层析样品。使用30-40%B的线性梯度(溶剂A:含0.05%TFA的水,溶剂B:含0.04%TFA的乙腈)并使用电喷射源将直接电离洗提液。通过Xcalibur数据系统收集数据并使用ProMass(Novatia,LLC,NewJersey)实施解卷积。在LC/MS分析之前,将抗体或药物偶联物(50微克)用PNGaseF(2U/ml;PROzyme,SanLeandro,CA)于37°C处理2小时以除去N连接的碳水化合物。
将疏水相互作用层析(HIC)样品注射到丁基HICNPR柱(2.5微米粒度,4.6mmx3.5cm)(TosohBioscience)上并以0.8ml/min用自0到70%B的线性梯度洗脱(A:pH7的含1.5M硫酸铵的50mM磷酸钾,B:pH7的50mM磷酸钾,20%异丙醇)。使用配备有多波长检测仪和Chemstation软件的Agilent1100系列HPLC系统来解析和定量药物对抗体比不同的抗体种类。
实施例6:药物-接头中间体偶联至抗体
在实施例5的还原和再氧化规程之后,将半胱氨酸改造抗体在PBS(磷酸盐缓冲盐水)中溶解并在冰上冷却。将相对于工程化半胱氨酸每抗体约1.5摩尔当量的美登木素生物碱药物接头中间体诸如5,8,14和18与硫醇反应性官能团诸如马来酰亚胺或溴-乙酰胺在DMSO中溶解,在乙腈和水中稀释,并添加至PBS中的冷却后的经过还原、再氧化的抗体。约1小时后,添加过量的马来酰亚胺以淬灭反应并给任何未反应的抗体硫醇基团加帽。通过离心超滤来浓缩反应混合物并将半胱氨酸改造曲妥单抗抗体药物偶联物通过在PBS中穿过G25树脂洗脱来纯化和脱盐,在无菌条件下穿过0.2μm滤器过滤,并冷冻,供贮存。
通过上文规程,制备了下述式I的半胱氨酸改造的N-甲基丙氨酰美登醇抗体药物偶联物:
依照US2005/0276812(通过述及收入本文)实施例4的规程制备马来酰亚胺DM1偶联物,(2)LCV205CThio-TMAb-mpeo-DM1,平均药物加载DAR=1.7,和(6)TMAb-mcc-DM1,平均药物加载DAR=3.4。
实施例7:体外细胞增殖测定法
通过采用下述方案的细胞增殖测定法来测量ADC的功效(CELLTITERGLOTMLuminescentCellViabilityAssay,PromegaCorp.TechnicalBulletinTB288;Mendozaetal(2002)CancerRes.62:5485-5488):
1.在壁不透明的96孔板的每个孔中沉积在培养基中含有约104个细胞(SKBR-3,BT474,MCF7或MDA-MB-468)的100μl细胞培养物等分试样。
2.制备含有培养基且没有细胞的对照孔。
3.将ADC添加至实验孔并温育3-5天。
4.将板平衡至室温达大约30分钟。
5.添加与每个孔中存在的细胞培养液的体积相等体积的CELLTITERGLOTM试剂。
6.在轨道摇床上将内容物混合2分钟以诱导细胞裂解。
7.将板于室温温育10分钟以稳定发光信号。
8.以RLU=相对发光单位记录发光并在图中报告。
作为每套复制品的发光均值及标准偏差误差条绘制数据。方案是CELLTITERGLOTM发光细胞的一种改良
培养基:SK-BR-3在50/50/10%FBS/谷氨酰胺/250μg/mLG-418中培养OVCAR-3在RPMI/20%FBS/谷氨酰胺中培养
实施例8:高表达HER2转基因外植体小鼠中的体内功效,肿瘤生长抑制
如先前所述(PhillipsGDL,LiGM,DuggerDL,etal.TargetingHER2-PositiveBreastCancerwithTrastuzumab-DM1,anAntibody-CytotoxicDrugConjugate.(2008)CancerRes.68:9280-90,通过述及收入本文),采用Fo5小鼠乳腺肿瘤模型来评估(6)TMAb-mcc-DM1和本发明的各种Thio-TMAb-May偶联物(实施例6)在单剂静脉内注射后的体内功效。Fo5模型是一种转基因小鼠模型,其中在乳腺上皮中在鼠乳腺肿瘤病毒启动子的转录调节下过表达人HER2基因(MMTV-HER2)。HER2过表达引起乳腺肿瘤的自发形成。通过连续移植肿瘤碎片(约2x2mm尺寸),在FVB小鼠的后续世代中繁殖这些建立者动物(建立者#5[Fo5])之一的乳腺肿瘤。所有研究依照实验动物护理和使用指南进行。在研究开始时及在移植后14天给九只动物静脉内服用每种抗体-药物偶联物(单剂)。初始肿瘤尺寸为约200mm3体积。本发明抗体-药物偶联物和对照随时间的肿瘤生长抑制的测量结果显示于图5a,5b和6。
通过述及明确收录贯穿本说明书引用的所有专利、专利申请、和参考文献。
Claims (25)
1.一种化合物,其选自式I:
其中:
L为
E为
n为2,3,4,5或6;
m为2,3或4;且
q为0或1。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中L为-(CH2)n-。
3.权利要求2的化合物,其中n为5。
4.权利要求1的化合物,其中L为
5.权利要求4的化合物,其中n为4且m为3。
6.权利要求1的化合物,其具有结构:
7.权利要求1的化合物,其具有结构:
8.权利要求1的化合物,其具有结构:
9.权利要求1的化合物,其具有结构:
10.一种抗体-药物偶联物,其选自式Ia或Ib:
其中:
L为接头
n为2,3,4,5或6;
m为2,3或4;
q为0或1;
p为1至4;且
Ab为抗体。
11.权利要求10的抗体-药物偶联物,其选自结构:
12.权利要求10的抗体-药物偶联物,其中该抗体为经由游离半胱氨酸偶联至接头的半胱氨酸改造抗体。
13.权利要求12的抗体-药物偶联物,其中该半胱氨酸改造抗体的游离半胱氨酸为重链A118C,编号依照EU编号方式。
14.权利要求12的抗体-药物偶联物,其中该半胱氨酸改造抗体的游离半胱氨酸为轻链V205C,编号依照Kabat编号方式。
15.权利要求12的抗体-药物偶联物,其中该半胱氨酸改造抗体包含游离半胱氨酸和重链中选自SEQIDNO1-49的序列或轻链中选自SEQIDNO50-98的序列,其中该序列中的半胱氨酸为该游离半胱氨酸。
16.权利要求12的抗体-药物偶联物,其中该半胱氨酸改造抗体通过包括下述步骤的方法来制备:
(i)诱变编码该半胱氨酸改造抗体的核酸序列;
(ii)表达该半胱氨酸改造抗体;并
(iii)分离和纯化该半胱氨酸改造抗体。
17.权利要求12的抗体-药物偶联物,其中该半胱氨酸改造抗体选自单克隆抗体,双特异性抗体,嵌合抗体,人抗体,人源化抗体和Fab片段。
18.权利要求12的抗体-药物偶联物,其中该半胱氨酸改造抗体通过包括将亲本抗体的一个或多个氨基酸残基用一个或多个游离半胱氨酸替换的方法来制备,其中该亲本抗体选择性结合抗原且该半胱氨酸改造抗体与该亲本抗体选择性结合相同抗原。
19.权利要求10的抗体-药物偶联物,其中该抗体结合受体(1)-(51)中的一种或多种:
(1)BMPR1B;
(2)E16;
(3)STEAP1;
(4)0772P;
(5)MPF;
(6)Napi3b;
(7)Sema5b;
(8)PSCAhlg;
(9)ETBR;
(10)MSG783;
(11)STEAP2;
(12)TrpM4;
(13)CRIPTO;
(14)CD21;
(15)CD79b;
(16)FcRH2;
(17)HER2;
(18)NCA;
(19)MDP;
(20)IL20Rα;
(21)Brevican;
(22)EphB2R;
(23)ASLG659;
(24)PSCA;
(25)GEDA;
(26)BAFF-R;
(27)CD22;
(28)CD79a;
(29)CXCR5;
(30)HLA-DOB;
(31)P2X5;
(32)CD72;
(33)LY64;
(34)FcRH1;
(35)IRTA2;
(36)TENB2;
(37)PMEL17;
(38)TMEFF1;
(39)GDNF-Ra1;
(40)Ly6E;
(41)TMEM46;
(42)Ly6G6D;
(43)LGR5;
(44)RET;
(45)LY6K;
(46)GPR19;
(47)GPR54;
(48)ASPHD1;
(49)酪氨酸酶;
(50)TMEM118;和
(51)GPR172A。
20.一种药物组合物,其包含权利要求10的抗体-药物偶联物化合物和药学可接受稀释剂,载剂或赋形剂。
21.权利要求20的药物组合物,其进一步包含治疗有效量的化疗剂。
22.权利要求10的抗体-药物偶联物化合物在制备用于治疗患者中癌症的药物中的用途。
23.权利要求22的用途,其中所述药物进一步包含化疗剂。
24.权利要求10的抗体-药物偶联物化合物在制备用于治疗哺乳动物中癌症的药物中的用途。
25.一种制品,其包含
权利要求10的抗体-药物偶联物化合物;
容器;和
包装插页或标签,其指示该化合物可用于治疗癌症。
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JP5889912B2 (ja) | 2016-03-22 |
US20120121615A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
JP2013544253A (ja) | 2013-12-12 |
CN103313990A (zh) | 2013-09-18 |
EP2640727B1 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
CA2816426A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
ES2544608T3 (es) | 2015-09-02 |
EP2640727A1 (en) | 2013-09-25 |
WO2012074757A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
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