CN108700598A - 多路总抗体和抗体缀合的药物量化测定法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开了检测,表征,测量,和量化临床前动物生物学样品,或人生物学样品(包括血浆/血清和组织样品)中可能存在的人和人源化抗体,和它们的缀合物的方法。
Description
对相关申请的交叉援引
依照37 CFR§1.53(b)提交的此非临时申请要求2016年3月25日提交的流水号62/313,608的美国临时申请的依照35 USC§119(e)的权益,通过援引将其完整收录
发明领域
此公开涉及通过质谱术在非生物学或生物学基质中捕捉,检测,分析,表征,和量化抗体-药物缀合物,和它们的片段和代谢物的方法。
发明背景
随着brentuximab vedotin(商品名:)和trastuzumab emtansine(商品名:Genentech Inc.)的获批,提供药学活性药物或毒素分子对特定作用部位的靶向投递的抗体药物缀合物(ADC)的治疗性潜力得到确认,并导致进一步研究和开发。ADC一般由抗体,药学活性小分子药物或毒素(常常称作“有效负荷”),和任选的连接二者的接头构成。接头(典型地是肽衍生物)连接小分子,高度有力的药物与大分子抗体,其选择或改造成靶向特定细胞类型(典型地是癌细胞)上的抗原。ADC如此采用单克隆抗体的强大靶向能力将高度有力的缀合的小分子治疗剂特异性投递至癌细胞。
随着成功的ADC候选物自正在进行的研究和开发程序浮现并行进至临床评估和市场销售,需要能有效评估通过组合大蛋白质复合物(抗体)和典型地小得多但高度有力的药物分子创建的复杂化学制品组合物的安全性和功效测定法。首先必须建立药物-抗体连接,抗体和药物浓度,以及药物-对-抗体比,和这些ADC组合物的稳定性的表征,然后监测一致性,因为ADC的这些特性会影响这些治疗性实体的生物活性,药动学,分布,免疫原性,安全性,和稳定性概况。
液相层析串联质谱术是用于非常复杂的基质(像血浆/血清/组织样品)中的蛋白质分析和定量的一种强大工具。由于源自消化感兴趣蛋白质和其它内源蛋白质的肽可能具有相同或相似的名义质量,MS片段化的第二维度常常提供感兴趣肽的独特片段。使用特定亲本肽和独特片段离子的组合来选择性监测要量化的分子。此类办法称作“多重反应监测”(MRM),也称作选择反应监测(SRM),它是用于蛋白质量化的一种常用模式。
概述
此公开的各个方面提供检测和量化总抗体和抗体缀合的药物数量的强健有力的方法,其通过消化抗体并分出ADC的药物成分,继以对所得组合物同时层析和质谱术分析组合的自消化抗体释放的药物和肽。
如此,在某些方面,此公开提供量化抗体缀合的药物和抗体-药物缀合物的总抗体浓度二者的方法。这些方法包括使抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)与还原抗体的组合物接触以形成变性抗体并消化变性抗体以形成单一分析样品中的消化抗体-药物缀合物肽混合物。然后可以通过LC-MS/MS分析单一分析样品中的消化药物和肽混合物以检测来自抗体的至少一种签名肽和药物。
在这些方法中,在ADC与还原抗体的组合物接触之前要在可以能在其中找到它的基质(诸如缓冲液,全血,血清,血浆,脑脊液,唾液,尿液,淋巴,胆汁,粪,汗液,玻璃状液,泪液,或组织)中直接分析ADC。在以对于充分分析而言太低的浓度在基质中找到ADC或在含有会干扰ADC的有效或精确分析的分子的生物学样品中找到ADC情况中,可以富集ADC,例如通过诸如大小排阻层析,透析,选择性沉淀,差速离心,过滤,凝胶电泳,液相层析,反相层析,免疫沉淀,包括蛋白A和蛋白G,NHS和链霉亲合素铁或磷或固定化抗体或凝集素的SpinTrap柱,顺磁性珠,免疫消减,分级,固相萃取,磷酸肽富集,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,或脱盐等技术。如此,此公开的分析方法可以以结合至亲和捕捉介质的ADC,或其片段进行,这可以包括任选的清洗和洗脱步骤以进一步纯化或富集要分析的ADC,或ADC片段。
这些分析方法还可以包括使ADC去磷酸化,还原和/或变性,和酶促消化ADC。ADC的酶促消化可以通过使抗体与蛋白质裂解酶接触来实现,例如胰蛋白酶,胰凝乳蛋白酶,木瓜蛋白酶,胃蛋白酶,LysN,LysC,AspN,GluC,ArgC,PNGaseF,或此类酶的组合。在这些方法中,消化可以分开ADC的药物与抗体。或者,可以在消化抗体之后分出药物。在这些方法中,可以使ADC与特异性分开药物与ADC的试剂接触。
消化抗体-药物缀合物肽混合物的分析可以通过LC-MS/MS来进行,而且此类分析可以包括检测一种来自消化ADC的肽片段。分析还包括检测消化抗体-药物缀合物肽混合物内的药物模块。药物可以作为肽-接头-药物复合物来检测。
这些分析方法可以测定抗体-药物缀合物的总抗体浓度,ADC的抗体缀合的药物浓度,和/或ADC的平均药物-对-抗体比(DAR)。
在这些分析方法中,ADC的抗体部分可以是抗体片段,或包括已经用半胱氨酸残基替代的氨基酸残基的抗体变体。这些抗体,片段或变体可以是人或人源化抗体。
此公开的一种例示性多路分析方法能够量化生物学样品(诸如血液,血清,血浆,组织,或细胞)中存在的抗体缀合的药物和抗体-药物缀合物的总抗体浓度二者,其通过使生物学样品与亲和捕捉介质接触以形成ADC-亲和捕捉介质复合物。清洗复合物以减少与ADC接触的非抗体蛋白质。然后用还原抗体的组合物清洗ADC-亲和捕捉介质复合物以形成变性抗体。还酶促消化抗体以形成单一分析样品中的消化ADC肽混合物。然后通过LC-MS/MS分析此单一分析样品以检测抗体的至少一种签名肽和药物模块。然后可以自LC-MS/MS分析测定ADC的至少一项特征,包括例如ADC的总抗体浓度,ADC的抗体缀合的药物浓度,和ADC的平均药物-对-抗体比(DAR)。
此概述既非意图又非应当解读为代表本公开的全部广度和范围。而且,在本文中提到“本公开”或其方面应当理解为表示本公开的某些实施方案且不应必然解读为将所有实施方案限制至特定描述。本公开在此概述中以及在附图和实施方案的描述中以多种水平的细节列出,而且并非意图通过纳入或不纳入此概述中的要素,成分,等来限制本公开的范围。本公开的另外的方面会根据实施方案的描述而变得更加显而易见,特别是在与图一起时。
图的简述
图1显示一种ADC分析方法的卡通图,其包括自样品亲和捕捉ADC,酶促消化和自ADC切割药物,和单一经处理样品中存在的药物和肽片段的同时LC-MS/MS分析。
图2A显示药物(吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓(PBD)SG2057)峰面积对药物浓度的图,显示药物的线性,浓度依赖性还原和释放。
图2B显示与图2A相似的总抗体峰面积对ADC浓度的图。
图3显示经消化并通过添加酸来淬灭或不淬灭的各份样品的内部标准品峰面积的图。
图4A显示在制备和添加酸性溶液中的甲醇之后所分析的药物的峰面积的图。
图4B显示在制备和添加碱性溶液中的甲醇之后所分析的药物的峰面积的图。
图5A显示在制备和添加酸性溶液中的甲醇之后来自用于量化总抗体的抗体消化的肽的峰面积的图。
图5B显示在制备和添加碱性溶液中的甲醇之后肽的峰面积的图。
实施方案的描述
此公开涉及检测和量化抗体药物缀合物(ADC)的抗体和药物成分的单一测量方法,它们强健有力地自单一样品制剂测量总抗体和抗体缀合的药物数量,由此提供药物对抗体比(DAR)计算和显著的时间和资源节约。
除非另有定义,本文中使用的技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员的普遍理解相同的含义,而且与下述一致:Singleton等(1994)“Dictionary ofMicrobiology and Molecular Biology”,第2版,J.Wiley&Sons,New York,N.Y.;和Janeway等(2001)“Immunobiology”,第5版,Garland Publishing,New York。当本文中使用商品名时,还包括商品名产品配制剂,通用名药物,和商品名产品的活性药学组分。
定义
术语“生物学样品”指任何自动物衍生或分离的成分,而且包括血液,血浆,血清,细胞,尿液,脑脊液(CSF),乳液,支气管灌洗液,骨髓,羊水,唾液,胆汁,玻璃体液,泪液,或组织。
术语“消化酶”指能够以特异性或通用随机方式将肽或蛋白质切割或水解成片段的酶。消化酶能自抗体形成经过消化的抗体样品,其中抗体是生物学样品的成分。消化酶包括蛋白酶,诸如胰蛋白酶,木瓜蛋白酶,胃蛋白酶,内切蛋白酶LysC,内切蛋白酶ArgC,金黄色葡萄球菌V8,胰凝乳蛋白酶,Asp-N,Asn-C,PNGaseF,内切蛋白酶GluC,和LysN。
术语“抗体”在本文中以最广义使用,涵盖各种抗体结构,包括但不限于单克隆抗体,多克隆抗体,多特异性抗体(例如双特异性抗体),及抗体片段,只要它们展现出期望的抗原结合活性。
“抗体片段”指与完整抗体不同的分子,其包含完整抗体的一部分且结合完整抗体结合的抗原。抗体片段的例子包括但不限于Fv,Fab,Fab’,Fab’-SH,F(ab’)2;双抗体;线性抗体;单链抗体分子(例如scFv);和由抗体片段形成的多特异性抗体。
在某些实施方案中,本文中提供的抗体是抗体片段。抗体片段包括但不限于Fab,Fab’,Fab’-SH,F(ab’)2,Fv,和scFv片段,及下文所描述的其它片段。关于某些抗体片段的综述,见Hudson等(2003)Nat.Med.9:129-134。关于scFv片段的综述,见例如Pluckthün,于The Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies,第113卷,Rosenburg和Moore编(Springer-Verlag,New York),第269-315页(1994);WO 93/16185;美国专利No.5,571,894;美国专利No.5,587,458。关于包含补救受体结合表位残基,并且具有延长的体内半衰期的Fab和F(ab’)2片段的讨论,见美国专利No.5,869,046。
双抗体是具有两个抗原结合位点的抗体片段,其可以是二价的或双特异性的(EP404,097;WO 1993/01161;Hudson等(2003)Nat.Med.9:129-134;及Hollinger等(1993)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 90:6444-6448)。三抗体和四抗体也记载于Hudson等(2003)Nat.Med.9:129-134。
单域抗体是包含抗体的整个或部分重链可变域或整个或部分轻链可变域的抗体片段。在某些实施方案中,单域抗体是人单域抗体(美国专利No.6,248,516)。
可以通过多种技术,包括但不限于对完整抗体的蛋白水解消化及重组宿主细胞(例如大肠杆菌或噬菌体)的生成来生成抗体片段,如本文中所描述的。
术语“嵌合”抗体指其中的重和/或轻链的一部分自特定的来源或物种衍生,而重和/或轻链的剩余部分自不同来源或物种衍生的抗体。
本文中的术语“Fc区”用于定义免疫球蛋白重链中至少含有恒定区一部分的C端区。该术语包括天然序列Fc区和变体Fc区。在一个实施方案中,人IgG重链Fc区自Cys226,或自Pro230延伸至重链的羧基端。然而,Fc区的C端赖氨酸(Lys447)可以存在或不存在。除非本文中另有规定,Fc区或恒定区中的氨基酸残基的编号方式依照EU编号系统,又称作EU索引,如记载于Kabat等,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,第5版Public Health Service,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,Md.,1991。
“框架”或“FR”指除高变区(HVR)残基外的恒定域残基。一般地,恒定域的FR由4个FR域组成:FR1,FR2,FR3,和FR4。因而,HVR和FR序列在VH(或VL)中一般以如下的顺序出现:FR1-H1(L1)-FR2-H2(L2)-FR3-H3(L3)-FR4。
术语“全长抗体”,“完整抗体”,和“全抗体”在本文中可互换使用,指与天然抗体结构具有基本上类似的结构或者具有含有如本文中所限定的Fc区的重链的抗体。
“人抗体”指拥有与由人或人细胞生成的或利用人抗体全集或其它人抗体编码序列自非人来源衍生的抗体的氨基酸序列对应的氨基酸序列的抗体。人抗体的此定义明确排除包含非人抗原结合残基的人源化抗体。
“人共有框架”指如下的抗体框架区,其代表人免疫球蛋白VL或VH框架序列选集中最常存在的氨基酸残基。通常,人免疫球蛋白VL或VH序列选集来自可变域序列亚组。通常,序列亚组是如Kabat等,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,第五版,NIH Publication 91-3242,Bethesda Md.(1991),第1-3卷中的亚组。在一个实施方案中,对于VL,亚组是如Kabat等,见上文中的亚组κI。在一个实施方案中,对于VH,亚组是如Kabat等,见上文中的亚组III。
“人源化”抗体指包含来自非人HVR的氨基酸残基和来自人FR的氨基酸残基的嵌合抗体。在某些实施方案中,人源化抗体会包含至少一个,通常两个基本上整个可变域,其中所有或基本上所有HVR(例如,CDR)对应于非人抗体的那些,且所有或基本上所有FR对应于人抗体的那些。任选地,人源化抗体可以至少包含自人抗体衍生的抗体恒定区的一部分。抗体,例如非人抗体的“人源化形式”指已经经历人源化的抗体。
“嵌合抗体”包含非人可变区(例如,自小鼠,大鼠,仓鼠,家兔,或非人灵长类,诸如猴衍生的可变区)和人恒定区(美国专利No.4,816,567;Morrison等(1984)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,81:6851-6855)。在又一个例子中,嵌合抗体是“类转换的”抗体,其中类或亚类已经自亲本抗体的类或亚类改变。嵌合抗体包括其抗原结合片段。
在某些实施方案中,嵌合抗体是人源化抗体。通常,将非人抗体人源化以降低对人的免疫原性,同时保留亲本非人抗体的特异性和亲和力。一般地,人源化抗体包含一个或多个可变域,其中HVR,例如CDR(或其部分)自非人抗体衍生,而FR(或其部分)自人抗体序列衍生。任选地,人源化抗体还会至少包含人恒定区的一部分。在一些实施方案中,将人源化抗体中的一些FR残基用来自非人抗体(例如衍生HVR残基的抗体)的相应残基替代,例如以恢复或改善抗体特异性或亲和力。
人源化抗体及其生成方法综述于例如Almagro和Fransson(2008)Front.Biosci.13:1619-1633,并且进一步记载于例如Riechmann等(1988)Nature 332:323-329;Queen等(1989)Proc.Nat’l Acad.Sci.USA 86:10029-10033;美国专利No.5,821,337;美国专利No.7,527,791;美国专利No.6,982,321;美国专利No.7,087,409;Kashmiri等(2005)Methods 36:25-34(描述了SDR(a-CDR)嫁接);Padlan(1991)Mol.Immunol.28:489-498(描述了“重修表面”);Dall’Acqua等(2005)Methods 36:43-60(描述了“FR改组”);及Osbourn等(2005)Methods 36:61-68;Klimka等(2000)Br.J.Cancer83:252-260(描述了FR改组的“引导选择”方法)。
可以用于人源化的人框架区包括但不限于:使用“最佳拟合”(best-fit)方法选择的框架区(见例如Sims等(1993)J.Immunol.151:2296);自轻或重链可变区的特定亚组的人抗体的共有序列衍生的框架区(Carter等(1992)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,89:4285;及Presta等(1993)J.Immunol.,151:2623);人成熟的(体细胞突变的)框架区或人种系框架区(见例如Almagro和Fransson(2008)Front.Biosci.13:1619-1633);和通过筛选FR文库衍生的框架区(Baca等(1997)J.Biol.Chem.272:10678-10684及Rosok等(1996)J.Biol.Chem.271:22611-22618)。
可以使用本领域中已知的多种技术来生成人抗体。一般地,人抗体记载于vanDijk和van de Winkel(2001)Curr.Opin.Pharmacol.5:368-74;Lonberg(2008)Curr.Opin.Immunol.20:450-459。
可以通过对转基因动物施用免疫原来制备人抗体,所述转基因动物已经修饰为响应抗原性攻击而生成完整人抗体或具有人可变区的完整抗体。此类动物通常含有所有或部分人免疫球蛋白基因座,其替换内源免疫球蛋白基因座,或者其在染色体外存在或随机整合入动物的染色体中。在此类转基因小鼠中,一般已经将内源免疫球蛋白基因座灭活。关于自转基因动物获得人抗体的方法的综述,见Lonberg(2005)Nat.Biotech.23:1117-1125。还可见例如美国专利No.6,075,181和6,150,584,其描述了XENOMOUSETM技术;美国专利No.5,770,429,其描述了技术;美国专利No.7,041,870,其描述了K-M技术,和US 2007/0061900,其描述了技术)。可以例如通过与不同人恒定区组合进一步修饰来自由此类动物生成的完整抗体的人可变区。
也可以通过基于杂交瘤的方法生成人抗体。已经描述了用于生成人单克隆抗体的人骨髓瘤和小鼠-人异骨髓瘤细胞系(见例如Kozbor(1984)J.Immunol.133:3001;Brodeur等,Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and Applications,第51-63页(Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,1987);及Boerner等(1991)J.Immunol.147:86)。经由人B细胞杂交瘤技术生成的人抗体也记载于Li等(2006)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,103:3557-3562。其它方法包括那些例如记载于美国专利No.7,189,826(其描述了自杂交瘤细胞系生成单克隆人IgM抗体);Ni(2006)Xiandai Mianyixue,26(4):265-268(其描述了人-人杂交瘤)的。人杂交瘤技术(Trioma技术)也记载于Vollmers和Brandlein(2005)Histology andHistopathology 20(3):927-937及Vollmers和Brandlein(2005)Methods and Findingsin Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology 27(3):185-91。
也可以通过分离自人衍生的噬菌体展示文库选择的Fv克隆可变域序列生成人抗体。然后,可以将此类可变域序列与期望的人恒定域组合。下文描述了自抗体文库选择人抗体的技术。
可以通过对组合文库筛选具有期望的一种或多种活性的抗体来分离本发明的抗体。例如,用于生成噬菌体展示文库并对此类文库筛选拥有期望结合特征的抗体的多种方法是本领域中已知的。此类方法综述于例如Hoogenboom等,于Methods in MolecularBiology 178:1-37(O’Brien等编,Human Press,Totowa,N.J.,2001),并且进一步记载于例如McCafferty等,Nature 348:552-554;Clackson等(1991)Nature 352:624-628;Marks等(1992)J.Mol.Biol.222:581-597;Marks和Bradbury,于Methods in Molecular Biology248:161-175(Lo编,Human Press,Totowa,N.J.,2003);Sidhu等(2004)J.Mol.Biol.338(2):299-310;Lee等(2004)J.Mol.Biol.340(5):1073-1093;Fellouse(2004)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 101(34):12467-12472;及Lee等(2004)J.Immunol.Methods 284(1-2):119-132。
在某些噬菌体展示方法中,将VH和VL基因的全集分别通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)克隆,并在噬菌体文库中随机重组,然后可以对所述噬菌体文库筛选抗原结合噬菌体,如记载于Winter等(1994)Ann.Rev.Immunol.,12:433-455的。噬菌体通常以单链Fv(scFv)片段或以Fab片段展示抗体片段。来自经免疫的来源的文库提供针对免疫原的高亲和力抗体,而不需要构建杂交瘤。或者,可以(例如自人)克隆天然全集以在没有任何免疫的情况中提供针对一大批非自身和还有自身抗原的抗体的单一来源,如由Griffiths等(1993)EMBO J,12:725-734描述的。最后,也可以通过自干细胞克隆未重排的V基因区段,并使用含有随机序列的PCR引物编码高度可变的CDR3区并在体外实现重排来合成生成未免疫文库,如由Hoogenboom和Winter(1992)J.Mol.Biol.,227:381-388所描述的。人抗体噬菌体文库记载于美国专利No.5,750,373;US 2005/0079574;US 2005/0119455;US 2005/0266000;US2007/0117126;US 2007/0160598;US 2007/0237764;US 2007/0292936;US 2009/0002360。认为自人抗体文库分离的抗体或抗体片段是本文中的人抗体或人抗体片段。
抗体可以是多特异性抗体,例如双特异性抗体。多特异性抗体是对至少两个不同位点具有结合特异性的单克隆抗体。结合特异性之一可以针对一种抗原,而另一种针对第二种抗原。或者,双特异性抗体可以结合同一抗原的两个不同表位。也可以使用双特异性抗体来将细胞毒剂定位于表达抗原的细胞。双特异性抗体可以以全长抗体或抗体片段制备。
用于生成多特异性抗体的技术包括但不限于具有不同特异性的两对免疫球蛋白重链-轻链对的重组共表达(见Milstein和Cuello(1983)Nature 305:537;WO 93/08829;及Traunecker等(1991)EMBO J.10:3655),和“突起-入-空穴”工程化(美国专利No.5,731,168)。也可以通过用于生成抗体Fc-异二聚体分子的工程化静电操纵效应(WO 2009/089004A1);交联两个或更多个抗体或片段(见例如美国专利No.4,676,980;及Brennan等(1985)Science,229:81);使用亮氨酸拉链来生成双特异性抗体(见例如Kostelny等(1992)J.Immunol.,148(5):1547-1553);使用用于生成双特异性抗体片段的“双抗体”技术(见例如Hollinger等(1993)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,90:6444-6448);及使用单链Fv(sFv)二聚体(Gruber等(1994)J.Immunol.,152:5368);及制备三特异性抗体(Tutt等(1991)J.Immunol.147:60)来生成多特异性抗体。
本文中还包括具有三个或更多个功能性抗原结合位点的工程化改造抗体,包括“章鱼抗体”(见例如美国专利公开文本No.2006/0025576)。
本文中的抗体或片段还包括包含结合抗原及另一种不同抗原的抗原结合位点的“双重作用FAb”或“DAF”(见例如美国专利公开文本No.2008/0069820)。
抗体变体
在某些实施方案中,涵盖本文中提供的抗体的氨基酸序列变体。例如,可以期望改善抗体的结合亲和力和/或其它生物学特性。可以通过将合适的修饰引入编码抗体的核苷酸序列中,或者通过肽合成来制备抗体的氨基酸序列变体。此类修饰包括例如对抗体的氨基酸序列内的残基的删除,和/或插入和/或替代。可以进行删除,插入,和替代的任何组合以得到最终的构建体,只要最终的构建体拥有期望的特征,例如抗原结合。
抗体包括包含抗体和蛋白质,药物模块,标记物,或一些其它基团的融合蛋白。可以通过重组技术,缀合,或肽合成来生成融合蛋白,以优化诸如药动学等特性。本发明的人或人源化抗体也可以是包含清蛋白结合肽(ABP)序列的融合蛋白(Dennis等(2002)“Albumin Binding As A General Strategy For Improving The Pharmacokinetics OfProteins”J Biol Chem.277:35035-35043;WO 01/45746)。本发明的抗体包括具有下述文献中教导的ABP序列的融合蛋白:(i)Dennis等(2002)J Biol Chem.277:35035-35043,第35038页表III和IV;(ii)US 2004/0001827,第[0076]段;和(iii)WO 01/45746,第12-13页,通过述及将它们都收入本文。
替代,插入,和删除变体
在某些实施方案中,提供了具有一处或多处氨基酸替代的抗体变体。替代诱变感兴趣的位点包括HVR和FR。保守替代在表1中在“保守的替代”的标题下显示。更实质的变化在表1中在“例示性替代”的标题下提供,并且如下文参照氨基酸侧链类别进一步描述的。可以将氨基酸替代引入感兴趣的抗体中,并且对产物筛选期望的活性,例如保留/改善的抗原结合,降低的免疫原性,或改善的ADCC或CDC。
表1
初始残基 | 例示性替代 | 优选的替代 |
Ala(A) | Val;Leu;Ile | Val |
Arg(R) | Lys;Gln;Asn | Lys |
Asn(N) | Gln;His;Asp,Lys;Arg | Gln |
Asp(D) | Glu;Asn | Glu |
Cys(C) | Ser;Ala | Ser |
Gln(Q) | Asn;Glu | Asn |
Glu(E) | Asp;Gln | Asp |
Gly(G) | Ala | Ala |
His(H) | Asn;Gln;Lys;Arg | Arg |
Ile(I) | Leu;Val;Met;Ala;Phe;正亮氨酸 | Leu |
Leu(L) | 正亮氨酸;Ile;Val;Met;Ala;Phe | Ile |
Lys(K) | Arg;Gln;Asn | Arg |
Met(M) | Leu;Phe;Ile | Leu |
Phe(F) | Trp;Leu;Val;Ile;Ala;Tyr | Tyr |
Pro(P) | Ala | Ala |
Ser(S) | Thr | Thr |
Thr(T) | Val;Ser | Ser |
Trp(W) | Tyr;Phe | Tyr |
Tyr(Y) | Trp;Phe;Thr;Ser | Phe |
Val(V) | Ile;Leu;Met;Phe;Ala;正亮氨酸 | Leu |
依照共同的侧链特性,氨基酸可以如下分组:
(1)疏水性的:正亮氨酸,Met,Ala,Val,Leu,Ile;
(2)中性,亲水性的:Cys,Ser,Thr,Asn,Gln;
(3)酸性的:Asp,Glu;
(4)碱性的:His,Lys,Arg;
(5)影响链取向的残基:Gly,Pro;
(6)芳香族的:Trp,Tyr,Phe。
非保守替代会需要用这些类别之一的成员替换另一个类别的。
一类替代变体牵涉替代亲本抗体(例如人源化或人抗体)的一个或多个高变区残基。一般地,为进一步研究选择的所得变体相对于亲本抗体会具有某些生物学特性的改变(例如改善)(例如升高的亲和力,降低的免疫原性)和/或会基本上保留亲本抗体的某些生物学特性。例示性的替代变体是亲和力成熟的抗体,其可以例如使用基于噬菌体展示的亲和力成熟技术诸如本文中所描述的那些技术来方便地生成。简言之,将一个或多个HVR残基突变,并将变体抗体在噬菌体上展示,并对其筛选特定的生物学活性(例如结合亲和力)。
可以对HVR做出变化(例如替代),例如以改善抗体亲和力。可以对HVR“热点”,即由在体细胞成熟过程期间以高频率经历突变的密码子编码的残基(见例如Chowdhury(2008)Methods Mol.Biol.207:179-196),和/或SDR(a-CDR)做出此类变化,其中对所得的变体VH或VL测试结合亲和力。通过次级文库的构建和再选择进行的亲和力成熟已经记载于例如Hoogenboom等,于Methods in Molecular Biology 178:1-37(O’Brien等编,Human Press,Totowa,N.J.,(2001))。在亲和力成熟的一些实施方案中,通过多种方法(例如,易错PCR,链改组,或寡核苷酸指导的诱变)将多样性引入为成熟选择的可变基因。然后,创建次级文库。然后,筛选文库以鉴定具有期望的亲和力的任何抗体变体。另一种引入多样性的方法牵涉HVR指导的方法,其中将几个HVR残基(例如,一次4-6个残基)随机化。可以例如使用丙氨酸扫描诱变或建模来特异性鉴定牵涉抗原结合的HVR残基。特别地,经常靶向CDR-H3和CDR-L3。
在某些实施方案中,可以在一个或多个HVR内发生替代,插入,或删除,只要此类变化不实质性降低抗体结合抗原的能力。例如,可以对HVR做出保守变化(例如,保守替代,如本文中提供的),其不实质性降低结合亲和力。此类变化可以在HVR“热点”或SDR外部。在上文提供的变体VH和VL序列的某些实施方案中,每个HVR是未改变的,或者含有不超过1,2或3处氨基酸替代。
一种可用于鉴定抗体中可以作为诱变靶位的残基或区域的方法称作“丙氨酸扫描诱变”,如由Cunningham和Wells(1989)Science,244:1081-1085所描述的。在此方法中,将残基或靶残基的组(例如,带电荷的残基诸如arg,asp,his,lys,和glu)鉴定,并用中性或带负电荷的氨基酸(例如,丙氨酸或多丙氨酸)替换以测定抗体与抗原的相互作用是否受到影响。可以在对初始替代表明功能敏感性的氨基酸位置引入进一步的替代。或者/另外,利用抗原-抗体复合物的晶体结构来鉴定抗体与抗原间的接触点。作为替代的候选,可以靶向或消除此类接触残基和邻近残基。可以筛选变体以确定它们是否含有期望的特性。
氨基酸序列插入包括长度范围为1个残基至含有100或更多个残基的多肽的氨基和/或羧基端融合,及单个或多个氨基酸残基的序列内插入。末端插入的例子包括具有N端甲硫氨酰基残基的抗体。抗体分子的其它插入变体包括抗体的N或C端与酶(例如对于ADEPT)或延长抗体的血清半衰期的多肽的融合物。
糖基化变体
在某些实施方案中,改变本文中提供的抗体以提高或降低抗体糖基化的程度。可以通过改变氨基酸序列,使得创建或消除一个或多个糖基化位点来方便地实现对抗体的糖基化位点的添加或删除。
在抗体包含Fc区的情况中,可以改变其附着的碳水化合物。由哺乳动物细胞生成的天然抗体通常包含分支的,双触角寡糖,其一般通过N连接附着于Fc区的CH2域的Asn297(Wright等(1997)TIBTECH 15:26-32)。寡糖可以包括各种碳水化合物,例如,甘露糖,N-乙酰葡糖胺(GlcNAc),半乳糖,和唾液酸,以及附着于双触角寡糖结构“主干”中的GlcNAc的岩藻糖。在一些实施方案中,可以对本发明抗体中的寡糖进行修饰以创建具有某些改善的特性的抗体变体。
在一个实施方案中,提供了抗体变体,其具有缺乏附着(直接或间接)于Fc区的岩藻糖的碳水化合物结构。例如,此类抗体中的岩藻糖量可以是1%至80%,1%至65%,5%至65%或20%至40%。通过相对于附着于Asn297的所有糖结构(例如,复合的,杂合的和高甘露糖的结构)的总和,计算Asn297处糖链内岩藻糖的平均量来测定岩藻糖量,如通过MALDI-TOF质谱术测量的,例如如记载于WO 2008/077546的。Asn297指位于Fc区中的约第297位(Fc区残基的Eu编号方式)的天冬酰胺残基;然而,Asn297也可以由于抗体中的微小序列变异而位于第297位上游或下游约±3个氨基酸,即在第294位和第300位之间。此类岩藻糖基化变体可以具有改善的ADCC功能(US 2003/0157108;US 2004/0093621)。涉及“脱岩藻糖基化的”或“岩藻糖缺乏的”抗体变体的出版物的例子包括:US 2003/0157108;WO 2000/61739;WO 2001/29246;US 2003/0115614;US 2002/0164328;US 2004/0093621;US 2004/0132140;US 2004/0110704;US 2004/0110282;US 2004/0109865;WO 2003/085119;WO2003/084570;WO 2005/035586;WO 2005/035778;WO2005/053742;WO2002/031140;Okazaki等(2004)J.Mol.Biol.336:1239-1249;Yamane-Ohnuki等(2004)Biotech.Bioeng.87:614。能够生成脱岩藻糖基化抗体的细胞系的例子包括蛋白质岩藻糖基化缺陷的Lec13CHO细胞(Ripka等(1986)Arch.Biochem.Biophys.249:533-545;US 2003/0157108,Presta,L.;及WO2004/056312,Adams等,尤其在实施例11),和敲除细胞系,诸如α-1,6-岩藻糖基转移酶基因FUT8敲除CHO细胞(Yamane-Ohnuki等(2004)Biotech.Bioeng.87:614;Kanda,Y.等(2006)Biotechnol.Bioeng.94(4):680-688;WO 2003/085107)。
进一步提供了具有两分型寡糖的抗体变体,例如其中附着于抗体Fc区的双触角寡糖是通过GlcNAc两分的。此类抗体变体可以具有降低的岩藻糖基化和/或改善的ADCC功能。此类抗体变体的例子记载于例如WO 2003/011878(Jean-Mairet等);美国专利No.6,602,684(Umana等);及美国专利公开文本No.2005/0123546(Umana等)。还提供了在附着于Fc区的寡糖中具有至少一个半乳糖残基的抗体变体。此类抗体变体可以具有改善的CDC功能。此类抗体变体有记载(WO 1997/30087;WO 1998/58964;WO 1999/22764)。
Fc区变体
在某些实施方案中,可以将一处或多处氨基酸修饰引入本文中提供的抗体的Fc区中,由此生成Fc区变体。Fc区变体可以包含在一个或多个氨基酸位置包含氨基酸修饰(例如替代)的人Fc区序列(例如人IgG1,IgG2,IgG3或IgG4Fc区)。
在某些实施方案中,本发明涵盖拥有一些但不是所有效应器功能的抗体变体,所述效应器功能使其成为如下应用的期望候选物,其中抗体的体内半衰期是重要的,而某些效应器功能(诸如补体和ADCC)是不必要的或有害的。可以进行体外和/或体内细胞毒性测定法以确认CDC和/或ADCC活性的降低/消减。例如,可以进行Fc受体(FcR)结合测定法以确保抗体缺乏FcγR结合(因此有可能缺乏ADCC活性),但是保留FcRn结合能力。介导ADCC的主要细胞NK细胞仅表达FcγRIII,而单核细胞表达FcγRI,FcγRII和FcγRIII。在Ravetch和Kinet(1991)Annu.Rev.Immunol.9:457-492的第464页上的表3中汇总了造血细胞上的FcR表达。评估感兴趣分子的ADCC活性的体外测定法的非限制性例子记载于美国专利No.5,500,362;Hellstrom,I.等(1986)Proc.Nat’l Acad.Sci.USA 83:7059-7063;Hellstrom,I.等(1985)Proc.Nat’l Acad.Sci.USA 82:1499-1502;美国专利No.5,821,337;Bruggemann,M.等(1987)J.Exp.Med.166:1351-1361。或者,可以采用非放射性测定方法(见例如用于流式细胞术的ACTITM非放射性细胞毒性测定法(CellTechnology,Inc.Mountain View,Calif.;和CytoTox非放射性细胞毒性测定法(Promega,Madison,Wis.))。对于此类测定法有用的效应细胞包括外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)和天然杀伤(NK)细胞。或者/另外,可以在体内评估感兴趣分子的ADCC活性,例如在动物模型中,诸如披露于Clynes等(1998)Proc.Nat’l Acad.Sci.USA 95:652-656的。也可以实施C1q结合测定法以确认抗体不能结合C1q,并且因此缺乏CDC活性。见例如WO 2006/029879和WO 2005/100402中的C1q和C3c结合ELISA。为了评估补体激活,可以实施CDC测定法(Gazzano-Santoro等(1996)J.Immunol.Methods202:163;Cragg,M.S.等(2003)Blood 101:1045-1052;Cragg,M.S.和M.J.Glennie(2004)Blood 103:2738-2743)。也可以使用本领域中已知的方法来实施FcRn结合和体内清除/半衰期测定(Petkova,S.B.等(2006)Int’l.Immunol.18(12):1759-1769)。
具有降低的效应器功能的抗体包括那些具有Fc区残基238,265,269,270,297,327和329中的一个或多个的替代的(美国专利No.6,737,056)。此类Fc突变体包括在氨基酸位置265,269,270,297和327中的两处或更多处具有替代的Fc突变体,包括残基265和297替代成丙氨酸的所谓的“DANA”Fc突变体(美国专利No.7,332,581)。
另外,描述了具有改善的或降低的对FcR的结合的抗体变体(美国专利No.6,737,056;WO 2004/056312;Shields等(2001)J.Biol.Chem.9(2):6591-6604)。
抗体变体可包含具有改善ADCC的一处或多处氨基酸替代,例如Fc区的位置298,333,和/或334(残基的EU编号方式)的替代的Fc区。
可对Fc区做出改变,其导致改变的(即,改善的或降低的)C1q结合和/或补体依赖性细胞毒性(CDC),例如,如记载于美国专利No.6,194,551;WO 99/51642;及Idusogie等(2000)J.Immunol.164:4178-4184的。
具有延长的半衰期和改善的对新生儿Fc受体(FcRn)的结合的抗体记载于US2005/0014934A1(Hinton等),新生儿Fc受体(FcRn)负责将母体IgG转移至胎儿(Guyer等(1976)J.Immunol.117:587;Kim等(1994)J.Immunol.24:249)。那些抗体包含其中具有改善Fc区对FcRn结合的一处或多处替代的Fc区。此类Fc变体包括那些在Fc区残基238,256,265,272,286,303,305,307,311,312,317,340,356,360,362,376,378,380,382,413,424或434中的一处或多处具有替代,例如,Fc区残基434的替代的(美国专利No.7,371,826)。还可见Duncan和Winter(1988)Nature 322:738-40;美国专利No.5,648,260;美国专利No.5,624,821;及WO 94/29351,其关注Fc区变体的其它例子。
半胱氨酸改造的抗体变体
期望创建半胱氨酸改造的抗体,例如,“THIOMAbTM”,其中抗体的一个或多个残基用半胱氨酸替代。替代的残基可存在于抗体的可接近位点。通过用半胱氨酸替代那些残基,反应性硫醇基团由此定位于抗体的可接近位点,并且可以用于将抗体与其它模块,诸如药物模块或接头-药物模块缀合,以创建抗体-药物缀合物(ADC),也称作免疫缀合物。此类THIOMAB的例子包括其中可以用半胱氨酸替代下列残基之任一个或多个的半胱氨酸改造的抗体:轻链的V205(Kabat编号方式);重链的A118(EU编号方式);和重链Fc区的S400(EU编号方式),和轻链的S121,和K149。生成半胱氨酸改造的抗体的例示性方法包括但不限于例如美国专利No.7,521,541中描述的方法,通过援引将其完整收入本文。
如此,可将此公开的方法应用于抗体-药物缀合物,其包含半胱氨酸改造的抗体,其中野生型或亲本抗体的一个或多个氨基酸用半胱氨酸氨基酸替换(THIOMABTM)。可以这样改造(即突变)任何形式的抗体。例如,可以改造亲本Fab抗体片段以形成半胱氨酸改造的Fab。类似地,可以改造亲本单克隆抗体以形成“THIOMABTM”。应当注意,单位点突变在Fab抗体片段中产生一个改造的半胱氨酸残基,而单位点突变在全长THIOMABTM中产生两个改造的半胱氨酸残基,这是IgG抗体的二聚体本质所致。对具有替换的(“改造的”)半胱氨酸(Cys)残基的突变体评估新引入的改造的半胱氨酸硫醇基团的反应性。硫醇反应性值为0至1.0的范围中的一个相对数值术语,而且可以为任何半胱氨酸改造的抗体进行测量。本发明的半胱氨酸改造的抗体的硫醇反应性值在0.6至1.0;0.7至1.0;或0.8至1.0的范围中。
可以在抗体的重链(HC)或轻链(LC)中的反应性位点处改造半胱氨酸氨基酸,它们不形成链内或链间二硫化物连接(Junutula等(2008b)Nature Biotech.,26(8):925-932;Dornan等(2009)Blood 114(13):2721-2729;US 7521541;US 7723485;WO 2009/052249;Shen等(2012)Nature Biotech.,30(2):184-191;Junutula等(2008)Jour ofImmun.Methods 332:41-52)。改造的半胱氨酸硫醇可以与本发明的具有硫醇反应性亲电子吡啶基二硫化物基团的接头试剂或接头-药物中间体反应以形成具有半胱氨酸改造的抗体(THIOMABTM)和药物(D)模块的ADC。药物模块的定位可以如此设计,控制,和知晓。可以控制药物载荷,因为改造的半胱氨酸硫醇基团通常以高产率与硫醇反应性接头试剂或接头-药物中间体反应。改造抗体,通过替代重链或轻链上的一个位点来引入半胱氨酸氨基酸在对称的抗体上给出两个新的半胱氨酸。能实现接近2的药物载荷,而且缀合产物ADC接近均质。
半胱氨酸改造的抗体优选保留其野生型亲本抗体对应物的抗原结合能力。如此,半胱氨酸改造的抗体能够结合(优选特异性地)抗原。此类抗原包括例如肿瘤相关抗原(TAA),细胞表面受体蛋白和其它细胞表面分子,跨膜蛋白,信号传导蛋白,细胞存活调节因子,细胞增殖调节因子,与组织发育或分化相关的(例如,已知或怀疑在功能上有贡献的)分子,淋巴因子,细胞因子,牵涉细胞周期调节的分子,牵涉维管发生(vasculogenesis)的分子和与血管发生(angiogenesis)相关的(例如,已知或怀疑在功能上有贡献的)分子。肿瘤相关抗原可以为簇分化因子(即CD蛋白)。半胱氨酸改造的抗体能够结合的抗原可以为上文所述范畴之一的一个子集的成员,其中所述范畴的其它子集包含具有不同特征(就感兴趣抗原而言)的其它分子/抗原。
制备半胱氨酸改造的抗体,用于通过链内二硫化物基团的还原和再氧化来与接头-药物中间体缀合。
可形成供此公开的方法中使用的抗体-药物缀合物的半胱氨酸改造的抗体包括在癌症治疗中有用的半胱氨酸改造的抗体,包括但不限于针对细胞表面受体和肿瘤相关抗原(TAA)的抗体。肿瘤相关抗原是本领域已知的,而且可以制备它们以用于使用本领域公知的方法和信息生成抗体。在发现用于癌症诊断和治疗的有效细胞靶物的尝试中,研究人员寻求鉴定与一种或多种正常非癌性细胞相比在一种或多种特定类型的癌细胞的表面上特异性表达的跨膜多肽或肿瘤相关多肽。通常,与非癌性细胞的表面上相比,此类肿瘤相关多肽在癌细胞的表面上更加丰富地表达。对此类肿瘤相关细胞表面抗原多肽的鉴定已经引起经由基于抗体的疗法特异性靶向癌细胞进行破坏的能力。
肿瘤相关抗原TAA的例子包括但不限于下文所列TAA(1)-(53)。为方便起见,均为本领域公知的有关这些抗原的信息如下所列,并且按照National Center forBiotechnology Information(NCBI)的核酸和蛋白质序列鉴定规定,包括名称,可选择的名称,Genbank登记号和主要参考文献。相当于TAA(1)-(53)的核酸和蛋白质序列可以在公共数据库,诸如GenBank中获得。由抗体靶向的肿瘤相关抗原包括所有氨基酸序列变体和同种型,它们相对于引述的参考文献中鉴定的序列具有至少约70%,80%,85%,90%或95%序列同一性,或表现出基本上与具有引述参考文献中发现的序列的TAA相同的生物特性或特征。例如,具有变体序列的TAA一般能够特异性结合所列相应序列TAA特异性结合的抗体。通过援引明确收录本文中特别引用的参考文献中的序列和公开内容。
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(9)ETBR(内皮缩血管肽B型受体,Genbank登录号AY275463);Nakamuta M.,et alBiochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.177,34-39,1991;Ogawa Y.,et alBiochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.178,248-255,1991;Arai H.,et al Jpn.Circ.J.56,1303-1307,1992;Arai H.,et al J.Biol.Chem.268,3463-3470,1993;Sakamoto A.,YanagisawaM.,et al Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.178,656-663,1991;Elshourbagy N.A.,et alJ.Biol.Chem.268,3873-3879,1993;Haendler B.,et al J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol.20,s1-S4,1992;Tsutsumi M.,et al Gene 228,43-49,1999;Strausberg R.L.,et alProc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99,16899-16903,2002;Bourgeois C.,et alJ.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.82,3116-3123,1997;Okamoto Y.,et al Biol.Chem.272,21589-21596,1997;Verheij J.B.,et al Am.J.Med.Genet.108,223-225,2002;HofstraR.M.W.,et al Eur.J.Hum.Genet.5,180-185,1997;Puffenberger E.G.,et al Cell 79,1257-1266,1994;Attie T.,et al,Hum.Mol.Genet.4,2407-2409,1995;Auricchio A.,etal Hum.Mol.Genet.5:351-354,1996;Amiel J.,et al Hum.Mol.Genet.5,355-357,1996;Hofstra R.M.W.,et al Nat.Genet.12,445-447,1996;Svensson P.J.,et alHum.Genet.103,145-148,1998;Fuchs S.,et al Mol.Med.7,115-124,2001;Pingault V.,et al(2002)Hum.Genet.111,198-206;WO2004045516(权利要求1);WO2004048938(实施例2);WO2004040000(权利要求151);WO2003087768(权利要求1);WO2003016475(权利要求1);WO2003016475(权利要求1);WO200261087(图1);WO2003016494(图6);WO2003025138(权利要求12;第144页);WO200198351(权利要求1;第124-125页);EP522868(权利要求8;图2);WO200177172(权利要求1;第297-299页);US2003109676;US6518404(图3);US5773223(权利要求1a;Col 31-34);WO2004001004;
(10)MSG783(RNF124,假设的蛋白质FLJ20315,Genbank登录号NM_017763);WO2003104275(权利要求1);WO2004046342(实施例2);WO2003042661(权利要求12);WO2003083074(权利要求14;第61页);WO2003018621(权利要求1);WO2003024392(权利要求2;图93);WO200166689(实施例6);交叉援引:LocusID:54894;NP_060233.2;NM_017763_1;
(11)STEAP2(HGNC_8639,IPCA-1,PCANAP1,STAMP1,STEAP2,STMP,前列腺癌相关基因1,前列腺癌相关蛋白1,前列腺的六次跨膜上皮抗原2,六次跨膜前列腺蛋白,Genbank登录号AF455138);Lab.Invest.82(11):1573-1582(2002);WO2003087306;US2003064397(权利要求1;图1);WO200272596(权利要求13;第54-55页);WO200172962(权利要求1;图4B);WO2003104270(权利要求11);WO2003104270(权利要求16);US2004005598(权利要求22);WO2003042661(权利要求12);US2003060612(权利要求12;图10);WO200226822(权利要求23;图2);WO200216429(权利要求12;图10);交叉援引:GI:22655488;AAN04080.1;AF455138_1;
(12)TrpM4(BR22450,FLJ20041,TRPM4,TRPM4B,瞬时受体潜在阳离子通道,亚家族M,成员4,Genbank登录号NM_017636);Xu,X.Z.,et al Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.98(19):10692-10697(2001),Cell 109(3):397-407(2002),J.Biol.Chem.278(33):30813-30820(2003);US2003143557(权利要求4);WO200040614(权利要求14;第100-103页);WO200210382(权利要求1;图9A);WO2003042661(权利要求12);WO200230268(权利要求27;第391页);US2003219806(权利要求4);WO200162794(权利要求14;图1A-D);
交叉援引:MIM:606936;NP_060106.2;NM_017636_1;
(13)CRIPTO(CR,CR1,CRGF,CRIPTO,TDGF1,畸胎瘤衍生的生长因子,Genbank登录号NP_003203或NM_003212);Ciccodicola,A.,et al EMBO J.8(7):1987-1991(1989),Am.J.Hum.Genet.49(3):555-565(1991);US2003224411(权利要求1);WO2003083041(实施例1);WO2003034984(权利要求12);WO200288170(权利要求2;第52-53页);WO2003024392(权利要求2;图58);WO200216413(权利要求1;第94-95,105页);WO200222808(权利要求2;图1);US5854399(实施例2;第17-18栏);US5792616(图2);交叉援引:MIM:187395;NP_003203.1;NM_003212_1;
(14)CD21(CR2(补体受体2)或C3DR(C3d/埃巴二氏病毒受体)或Hs.73792Genbank登录号M26004);Fujisaku et al(1989)J.Biol.Chem.264(4):2118-2125);Weis J.J.,etal J.Exp.Med.167,1047-1066,1988;Moore M.,et al Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.84,9194-9198,1987;Barel M.,et al Mol.Immunol.35,1025-1031,1998;Weis J.J.,et alProc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.83,5639-5643,1986;Sinha S.K.,et al(1993)J.Immunol.150,5311-5320;WO2004045520(实施例4);US2004005538(实施例1);WO2003062401(权利要求9);WO2004045520(实施例4);WO9102536(图9.1-9.9);WO2004020595(权利要求1);登录号:P20023;Q13866;Q14212;EMBL;M26004;AAA35786.1;
(15)CD79b(CD79B,CD79β,IGb(免疫球蛋白相关β),B29,Genbank登录号NM_000626或11038674);Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.(2003)100(7):4126-4131,Blood(2002)100(9):3068-3076,Muller et al(1992)Eur.J.Immunol.22(6):1621-1625;WO2004016225(权利要求2,图140);WO2003087768,US2004101874(权利要求1,第102页);WO2003062401(权利要求9);WO200278524(实施例2);US2002150573(权利要求5,第15页);US5644033;WO2003048202(权利要求1,第306和309页);WO 99/558658,US6534482(权利要求13,图17A/B);WO200055351(权利要求11,第1145-1146页);交叉援引:MIM:147245;NP_000617.1;NM_000626_1;
(16)FcRH2(IFGP4,IRTA4,SPAP1A(含SH2域的磷酸酶锚定蛋白1a),SPAP1B,SPAP1C,Genbank登录号NM_030764,AY358130);Genome Res.13(10):2265-2270(2003),Immunogenetics 54(2):87-95(2002),Blood 99(8):2662-2669(2002),Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.98(17):9772-9777(2001),Xu,M.J.,et al(2001)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.280(3):768-775;WO2004016225(权利要求2);WO2003077836;WO200138490(权利要求5;图18D-1-18D-2);WO2003097803(权利要求12);WO2003089624(权利要求25);交叉援引:MIM:606509;NP_110391.2;NM_030764_1;
(17)HER2(ErbB2,Genbank登录号M11730);Coussens L.,et al Science(1985)230(4730):1132-1139;Yamamoto T.,et al Nature 319,230-234,1986;Semba K.,et alProc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.82,6497-6501,1985;Swiercz J.M.,et al J.CellBiol.165,869-880,2004;Kuhns J.J.,et al J.Biol.Chem.274,36422-36427,1999;ChoH.-S.,et al Nature 421,756-760,2003;Ehsani A.,et al(1993)Genomics 15,426-429;WO2004048938(实施例2);WO2004027049(图1I);WO2004009622;WO2003081210;WO2003089904(权利要求9);WO2003016475(权利要求1);US2003118592;WO2003008537(权利要求1);WO2003055439(权利要求29;图1A-B);WO2003025228(权利要求37;图5C);WO200222636(实施例13;第95-107页);WO200212341(权利要求68;图7);WO200213847(第71-74页);WO200214503(第114-117页);WO200153463(权利要求2;第41-46页);WO200141787(第15页);WO200044899(权利要求52;图7);WO200020579(权利要求3;图2);US5869445(权利要求3;第31-38栏);WO9630514(权利要求2;第56-61页);EP1439393(权利要求7);WO2004043361(权利要求7);WO2004022709;WO200100244(实施例3;图4);登录号:P04626;EMBL;M11767;AAA35808.1。EMBL;M11761;AAA35808.1;
(18)NCA(CEACAM6,Genbank登录号M18728);Barnett T.,et al Genomics 3,59-66,1988;Tawaragi Y.,et al Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.150,89-96,1988;Strausberg R.L.,et al Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99:16899-16903,2002;WO2004063709;EP1439393(权利要求7);WO2004044178(实施例4);WO2004031238;WO2003042661(权利要求12);WO200278524(实施例2);WO200286443(权利要求27;第427页);WO200260317(权利要求2);登录号:P40199;Q14920;EMBL;M29541;AAA59915.1。EMBL;M18728;
(19)MDP(DPEP1,Genbank登录号BC017023);Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99(26):16899-16903(2002);WO2003016475(权利要求1);WO200264798(权利要求33;第85-87页);JP05003790(图6-8);WO9946284(图9);交叉援引:MIM:179780;AAH17023.1;BC017023_1;
(20)IL20Rα(IL20Ra,ZCYTOR7,Genbank登录号AF184971);Clark H.F.,et alGenome Res.13,2265-2270,2003;Mungall A.J.,et al Nature 425,805-811,2003;Blumberg H.,et al Cell 104,9-19,2001;Dumoutier L.,et al J.Immunol.167,3545-3549,2001;Parrish-Novak J.,et al J.Biol.Chem.277,47517-47523,2002;Pletnev S.,et al(2003)Biochemistry 42:12617-12624;Sheikh F.,et al(2004)J.Immunol.172,2006-2010;EP1394274(实施例11);US2004005320(实施例5);WO2003029262(第74-75页);WO2003002717(权利要求2;第63页);WO200222153(第45-47页);US2002042366(第20-21页);WO200146261(第57-59页);WO200146232(第63-65页);WO9837193(权利要求1;第55-59页);登录号:Q9UHF4;Q6UWA9;Q96SH8;EMBL;AF184971;AAF01320.1;
(21)短小蛋白聚糖(BCAN,BEHAB,Genbank登录号AF229053);Gary S.C.,et alGene 256,139-147,2000;Clark H.F.,et al Genome Res.13,2265-2270,2003;Strausberg R.L.,et al Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99,16899-16903,2002;US2003186372(权利要求11);US2003186373(权利要求11);US2003119131(权利要求1;图52);US2003119122(权利要求1;图52);US2003119126(权利要求1);US2003119121(权利要求1;图52);US2003119129(权利要求1);US2003119130(权利要求1);US2003119128(权利要求1;图52);US2003119125(权利要求1);WO2003016475(权利要求1);WO200202634(权利要求1);
(22)EphB2R(DRT,ERK,Hek5,EPHT3,Tyro5,Genbank登录号NM_004442);Chan,J.and Watt,V.M.,Oncogene 6(6),1057-1061(1991)Oncogene 10(5):897-905(1995),Annu.Rev.Neurosci.21:309-345(1998),Int.Rev.Cytol.196:177-244(2000));WO2003042661(权利要求12);WO200053216(权利要求1;第41页);WO2004065576(权利要求1);WO2004020583(权利要求9);WO2003004529(第128-132页);WO200053216(权利要求1;第42页);交叉援引:MIM:600997;NP_004433.2;NM_004442_1;
(23)ASLG659(B7h,Genbank登录号AX092328);US20040101899(权利要求2);WO2003104399(权利要求11);WO2004000221(图3);US2003165504(权利要求1);US2003124140(实施例2);US2003065143(图60);WO2002102235(权利要求13;第299页);US2003091580(实施例2);WO200210187(权利要求6;图10);WO200194641(权利要求12;图7b);WO200202624(权利要求13;图1A-1B);US2002034749(权利要求54;第45-46页);WO200206317(实施例2;第320-321页,权利要求34;第321-322页);WO200271928(第468-469页);WO200202587(实施例1;图1);WO200140269(实施例3;第190-192页);WO200036107(实施例2;第205-207页);WO2004053079(权利要求12);WO2003004989(权利要求1);WO200271928(第233-234,452-453页);WO 0116318;
(24)PSCA(前列腺干细胞抗原前体,Genbank登录号AJ297436);Reiter R.E.,etal Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.95,1735-1740,1998;Gu Z.,et al Oncogene 19,1288-1296,2000;Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.(2000)275(3):783-788;WO2004022709;EP1394274(实施例11);US2004018553(权利要求17);WO2003008537(权利要求1);WO200281646(权利要求1;第164页);WO2003003906(权利要求10;第288页);WO200140309(实施例1;图17);US2001055751(实施例1;图1b);WO200032752(权利要求18;图1);WO9851805(权利要求17;第97页);WO9851824(权利要求10;第94页);WO9840403(权利要求2;图1B);登录号:O43653;EMBL;AF043498;AAC39607.1;
(25)GEDA(Genbank登录号AY260763);AAP14954脂肪瘤HMGIC融合配偶样蛋白/pid=AAP14954.1-Homo sapiens物种:Homo sapiens(人);WO2003054152(权利要求20);WO2003000842(权利要求1);WO2003023013(实施例3,权利要求20);US2003194704(权利要求45);交叉援引:GI:30102449;AAP14954.1;AY260763_1;
(26)BAFF-R(B细胞活化性因子受体,BLyS受体3,BR3,Genbank登录号AF116456);BAFF受体/pid=NP_443177.1-Homo sapiens;Thompson,J.S.,et al Science 293(5537),2108-2111(2001);WO2004058309;WO2004011611;WO2003045422(实施例;第32-33页);WO2003014294(权利要求35;图6B);WO2003035846(权利要求70;第615-616页);WO200294852(第136-137栏);WO200238766(权利要求3;第133页);WO200224909(实施例3;图3);交叉援引:MIM:606269;NP_443177.1;NM_052945_1;AF132600;
(27)CD22(B细胞受体CD22-B同等型,BL-CAM,Lyb-8,Lyb8,SIGLEC-2,FLJ22814,Genbank登录号AK026467);Wilson et al(1991)J.Exp.Med.173:137-146;WO2003072036(权利要求1;图1);交叉援引:MIM:107266;NP_001762.1;NM_001771_1;
(28)CD79a(CD79A,CD79α,免疫球蛋白相关α,与Igβ(CD79B)共价相互作用并与IgM分子在表面上形成复合物,转导牵涉B细胞分化的信号的B细胞特异性蛋白);pI:4.84;MW:25028;TM:2[P]基因染色体:19q13.2,Genbank登录号NP_001774.10);WO2003088808,US20030228319;WO2003062401(权利要求9);US2002150573(权利要求4,第13-14页);WO9958658(权利要求13,图16);WO9207574(图1);US5644033;Ha et al(1992)J.Immunol.148(5):1526-1531;Mueller et al(1992)Eur.J.Biochem.22:1621-1625;Hashimoto et al(1994)Immunogenetics 40(4):287-295;Preud’homme et al(1992)Clin.Exp.Immunol.90(1):141-146;Yu et al(1992)J.Immunol.148(2)633-637;Sakaguchi et al(1988)EMBO J.7(11):3457-3464;
(29)CXCR5(伯基特氏淋巴瘤受体1,由CXCL13趋化因子活化,在淋巴细胞迁移和体液防御中发挥功能,在HIV-2感染和可能AIDS,淋巴瘤,骨髓瘤,和白血病发生中发挥作用的G蛋白偶联受体);372aa;pI:8.54;MW:41959;TM:7[P]基因染色体:11q23.3,Genbank登录号NP_001707.1);WO2004040000;WO2004015426;US2003105292(实施例2);US6555339(实施例2);WO200261087(图1);WO200157188(权利要求20,第269页);WO200172830(第12-13页);WO200022129(实施例1,第152-153页,实施例2,第254-256页);WO9928468(权利要求1,第38页);US5440021(实施例2,第49-52栏);WO9428931(第56-58页);WO9217497(权利要求7,图5);Dobner et al(1992)Eur.J.Immunol.22:2795-2799;Barella et al(1995)Biochem.J.309:773-779;
(30)HLA-DOB(结合肽并将它们呈递给CD4+T淋巴细胞的MHC II类分子的β亚基(Ia抗原));273aa;pI:6.56;MW:30820;TM:1[P]基因染色体:6p21.3,Genbank登录号NP_002111.1);Tonnelle et al(1985)EMBO J.4(11):2839-2847;Jonsson et al(1989)Immunogenetics 29(6):411-413;Beck et al(1992)J.Mol.Biol.228:433-441;Strausberg et al(2002)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci USA 99:16899-16903;Servenius et al(1987)J.Biol.Chem.262:8759-8766;Beck et al(1996)J.Mol.Biol.255:1-13;Naruse etal(2002)Tissue Antigens 59:512-519;WO9958658(权利要求13,图15);US6153408(第35-38栏);US5976551(第168-170栏);US6011146(第145-146栏);Kasahara et al(1989)Immunogenetics 30(1):66-68;Larhammar et al(1985)J.Biol.Chem.260(26):14111-14119;
(31)P2X5(嘌呤能受体P2X配体门控离子通道5,由细胞外ATP门控的离子通道,可能牵涉突触传递和神经发生,缺陷可促成特发性逼尿肌不稳定的病理生理情况);422aa;pI:7.63;MW:47206;TM:1[P]基因染色体:17p13.3,Genbank登录号NP_002552.2;Le et al(1997)FEBS Lett.418(1-2):195-199;WO2004047749;WO2003072035(权利要求10);Touchman et al(2000)Genome Res.10:165-173;WO200222660(权利要求20);WO2003093444(权利要求1);WO2003087768(权利要求1);WO2003029277(第82页);
(32)CD72(B细胞分化抗原CD72,Lyb-2);蛋白质序列完整maeaity...tafrfpd(1…359;359aa);pI:8.66;MW:40225;TM:1[P]基因染色体:9p13.3,Genbank登录号NP_001773.1;WO2004042346(权利要求65);WO2003026493(第51-52,57-58页);WO200075655(第105-106页);Von Hoegen et al(1990)J.Immunol.144(12):4870-4877;Strausberg etal(2002)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci USA 99:16899-16903;
(33)LY64(淋巴细胞抗原64(RP105),富亮氨酸重复(LRR)家族的I型膜蛋白,调节B细胞活化和凋亡,功能丧失与具有系统性红斑狼疮的患者中的疾病活性升高有关);661aa;pI:6.20;MW:74147;TM:1[P]基因染色体:5q12,Genbank登录号NP_005573.1;US2002193567;WO9707198(权利要求11,第39-42页);Miura et al(1996)Genomics 38(3):299-304;Miura et al(1998)Blood 92:2815-2822;WO2003083047;WO9744452(权利要求8,第57-61页);WO200012130(第24-26页);
(34)FcRH1(Fc受体样蛋白1,含有C2型Ig样和ITAM域的推定的免疫球蛋白Fc域的受体,可能在B淋巴细胞分化中具有作用);429aa;pI:5.28;MW:46925;TM:1[P]基因染色体:1q21-1q22,Genbank登录号NP_443170.1;WO2003077836;WO200138490(权利要求6,图18E-1-18-E-2);Davis et al(2001)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci USA98(17):9772-9777;WO2003089624(权利要求8);EP1347046(权利要求1);WO2003089624(权利要求7);
(35)IRTA2(免疫球蛋白超家族受体易位相关的2,可能在B细胞发育和淋巴瘤发生中有作用的推定的免疫受体;基因通过易位的失调在一些B细胞恶性中发生);977aa;pI:6.88;MW:106468;TM:1[P]基因染色体:1q21,Genbank登录号人:AF343662,AF343663,AF343664,AF343665,AF369794,AF397453,AK090423,AK090475,AL834187,AY358085;小鼠:AK089756,AY158090,AY506558;NP_112571;WO2003024392(权利要求2,图97);Nakayama etal(2000)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.277(1):124-127;WO2003077836;WO200138490(权利要求3,图18B-1-18B-2);
(36)TENB2(TMEFF2,tomoregulin,TPEF,HPP1,TR,推定的跨膜蛋白聚糖,涉及EGF/调蛋白家族的生长因子和促卵泡素抑制素);374aa;NCBI登录号:AAD55776,AAF91397,AAG49451,NCBI RefSeq:NP_057276;NCBI Gene:23671;OMIM:605734;SwissProt Q9UIK5;Genbank登录号AF179274;AY358907,CAF85723,CQ782436;WO2004074320;JP2004113151;WO2003042661;WO2003009814;EP1295944(第69-70页);WO200230268(第329页);WO200190304;US2004249130;US2004022727;WO2004063355;US2004197325;US2003232350;US2004005563;US2003124579;Horie et al(2000)Genomics 67:146-152;Uchida et al(1999)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.266:593-602;Liang et al(2000)Cancer Res.60:4907-12;Glynne-Jones et al(2001)Int J Cancer.Oct 15;94(2):178-84;
(37)PMEL17(silver同系物;SILV;D12S53E;PMEL17;SI;SIL);ME20;gp100)BC001414;BT007202;M32295;M77348;NM_006928;McGlinchey,R.P.et al(2009)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.106(33),13731-13736;Kummer,M.P.et al(2009)J.Biol.Chem.284(4),2296-2306;
(38)TMEFF1(具有EGF样和两个促卵泡素抑制素样域的跨膜蛋白1;Tomoregulin-1);H7365;C9orf2;C9ORF2;U19878;X83961;NM_080655;NM_003692;Harms,P.W.(2003)Genes Dev.17(21),2624-2629;Gery,S.et al(2003)Oncogene 22(18):2723-2727;
(39)GDNF-Ra1(GDNF家族受体α1;GFRA1;GDNFR;GDNFRA;RETL1;TRNR1;RET1L;GDNFR-α1;GFR-ALPHA-1);U95847;BC014962;NM_145793NM_005264;Kim,M.H.et al(2009)Mol.Cell.Biol.29(8),2264-2277;Treanor,J.J.et al(1996)Nature 382(6586):80-83;
(40)Ly6E(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座E;Ly67,RIG-E,SCA-2,TSA-1);NP_002337.1;NM_002346.2;de Nooij-van Dalen,A.G.et al(2003)Int.J.Cancer 103(6),768-774;Zammit,D.J.et al(2002)Mol.Cell.Biol.22(3):946-952;
(41)TMEM46(shisa同系物2(非洲爪蟾Xenopus laevis);SHISA2);NP_001007539.1;NM_001007538.1;Furushima,K.et al(2007)Dev.Biol.306(2),480-492;Clark,H.F.et al(2003)Genome Res.13(10):2265-2270;
(42)Ly6G6D(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座G6D;Ly6-D,MEGT1);NP_067079.2;NM_021246.2;Mallya,M.et al(2002)Genomics 80(1):113-123;Ribas,G.et al(1999)J.Immunol.163(1):278-287;
(43)LGR5(含富亮氨酸重复的G蛋白偶联受体5;GPR49,GPR67);NP_003658.1;NM_003667.2;Salanti,G.et al(2009)Am.J.Epidemiol.170(5):537-545;Yamamoto,Y.et al(2003)Hepatology 37(3):528-533;
(44)RET(ret原癌基因;MEN2A;HSCR1;MEN2B;MTC1;PTC;CDHF12;Hs.168114;RET51;RET-ELE1);NP_066124.1;NM_020975.4;Tsukamoto,H.et al(2009)Cancer Sci.100(10):1895-1901;Narita,N.et al(2009)Oncogene 28(34):3058-3068;
(45)LY6K(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座K;LY6K;HSJ001348;FLJ35226);NP_059997.3;NM_017527.3;Ishikawa,N.et al(2007)Cancer Res.67(24):11601-11611;deNooij-van Dalen,A.G.et al(2003)Int.J.Cancer103(6):768-774;
(46)GPR19(G蛋白偶联受体19;Mm.4787);NP_006134.1;NM_006143.2;Montpetit,A.and Sinnett,D.(1999)Hum.Genet.105(1-2):162-164;O'Dowd,B.F.et al(1996)FEBSLett.394(3):325-329;
(47)GPR54(KISS1受体;KISS1R;GPR54;HOT7T175;AXOR12);NP_115940.2;NM_032551.4;Navenot,J.M.et al(2009)Mol.Pharmacol.75(6):1300-1306;Hata,K.et al(2009)Anticancer Res.29(2):617-623;
(48)ASPHD1(含天冬氨酸β羟化酶域的1;LOC253982);NP_859069.2;NM_181718.3;Gerhard,D.S.et al(2004)Genome Res.14(10B):2121-2127;
(49)酪氨酸酶(TYR;OCAIA;OCA1A;酪氨酸酶;SHEP3);NP_000363.1;NM_000372.4;Bishop,D.T.et al(2009)Nat.Genet.41(8):920-925;Nan,H.et al(2009)Int.J.Cancer125(4):909-917;
(50)TMEM118(环指蛋白,跨膜2;RNFT2;FLJ14627);NP_001103373.1;NM_001109903.1;Clark,H.F.et al(2003)Genome Res.13(10):2265-2270;Scherer,S.E.etal(2006)Nature 440(7082):346-351;
(51)GPR172A(G蛋白偶联受体172A;GPCR41;FLJ11856;D15Ertd747e);NP_078807.1;NM_024531.3;Ericsson,T.A.et al(2003)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.100(11):6759-6764;Takeda,S.et al(2002)FEBS Lett.520(1-3):97-101;
(52)CD33,唾液酸结合性,免疫球蛋白样凝集素家族的一个成员,是一种67kDa糖基化跨膜蛋白。在定型的骨髓单核细胞和类红细胞祖细胞以外,CD33在大多数髓样和单核细胞性白血病细胞上表达。在最早的多能干细胞,成熟粒细胞,淋巴样细胞,或非造血细胞上没有看到它(Sabbath et al.,(1985)J.Clin.Invest.75:756-56;Andrews et al.,(1986)Blood 68:1030-5)。CD33在它的胞质尾上含有两个酪氨酸残基,其中每一个继以疏水性残基,与在许多抑制性受体中看到的免疫受体基于酪氨酸的抑制性基序(ITIM)相似。
(53)CLL-1(CLEC12A,MICL,和DCAL2),编码C型凝集素/C型凝集素样域(CTL/CTLD)超家族的一个成员。此家族的成员分享共同的蛋白质折叠且具有多样的功能,诸如细胞粘附,细胞-细胞信号传导,糖蛋白周转,和炎症和免疫应答中的作用。由此基因编码的蛋白质是粒细胞和单核细胞功能的负调节物。此基因的数种可变剪接转录变体已有描述,但是这些变体中一些的全长性质尚未确定。此基因与染色体12p13上的天然杀伤基因复合物区中的其它CTL/CTLD超家族成员有紧密连锁(Drickamer K.(1999)Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol.9(5):585-90;van Rhenen A,et al.(2007)Blood 110(7):2659-66;Chen CH,et al.(2006)Blood 107(4):1459-67;Marshall AS,et al.(2006)Eur.J.Immunol.36(8):2159-69;Bakker AB,et al.(2005)Cancer Res.64(22):8443-50;Marshall AS,et al.(2004)J.Biol.Chem.279(15):14792-802)。已经显示CLL-1是一种II型跨膜受体,其包含单一C型凝集素样域(预测其不结合钙或糖),茎区,跨膜域和含有ITIM基序的短胞质尾。
抗体衍生物
可以进一步修饰本文中提供的抗体以含有本领域知道的且易于获得的额外非蛋白质性质模块。适合于抗体衍生化的模块包括但不限于水溶性聚合物。水溶性聚合物的非限制性例子包括但不限于聚乙二醇(PEG),乙二醇/丙二醇共聚物,羧甲基纤维素,右旋糖苷,聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,聚-1,3-二氧戊环,聚-1,3,6-三噁烷,乙烯/马来酸酐共聚物,聚氨基酸(均聚物或随机共聚物),和右旋糖苷或聚(n-乙烯吡咯烷酮)聚乙二醇,丙二醇均聚物,环氧丙烷/环氧乙烷共聚物,聚氧乙烯化多元醇(例如甘油),聚乙烯醇及其混合物。由于其在水中的稳定性,聚乙二醇丙醛在生产中可能具有优势。聚合物可以是任何分子量,而且可以是分支的或不分支的。附着到抗体上的聚合物数目可以变化,而且如果附着了超过一个聚合物,那么它们可以是相同或不同的分子。一般而言,可根据下列考虑来确定用于衍生化的聚合物的数目和/或类型,包括但不限于抗体要改进的具体特性或功能,抗体衍生物是否将用于指定条件下的治疗等。
抗体和非蛋白质性质模块的缀合物可以通过暴露于辐射选择性加热来形成。此类缀合物的非蛋白质性质模块可以是碳纳米管(Kam等(2005)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 102:11600-11605)。辐射可以是任何波长的,并且包括但不限于对普通细胞没有损害,但是将非蛋白质性质模块加热至抗体-非蛋白质性质模块附近的细胞被杀死的温度的波长。
如本文中使用的,术语“高变区”或“HVR”指抗体可变域中在序列上高变/或形成结构上定义的环(“高变环”)的每个区域。一般地,天然四链抗体包含六个HVR:三个在VH中(H1,H2,H3),三个在VL中(L1,L2,L3)。HVR一般包含来自高变环和/或来自“互补决定区”(CDR)的氨基酸残基,后者具有最高的序列变异性和/或涉及抗原识别。例示性高变环发生于氨基酸残基26-32(L1),50-52(L2),91-96(L3),26-32(H1),53-55(H2),和96-101(H3)(Chothia和Lesk(1987)J.Mol.Biol.196:901-917)。例示性CDR(CDR-L1,CDR-L2,CDR-L3,CDR-H1,CDR-H2,和CDR-H3)发生于L1的24-34,L2的50-56,L3的89-97,H1的31-35B,H2的50-65,和H3的95-102氨基酸残基(Kabat等,Sequences of Proteins of ImmunologicalInterest,5th Ed.Public Health Service,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,Md.(1991))。除了VH中的CDR1之外,CDR一般包含形成高变环的氨基酸残基。CDR还包含“特异性决定残基”或“SDR”,它们是接触抗原的残基。SDR包含在称作缩短的CDR或a-CDR的CDR区域中。例示性a-CDR(a-CDR-L1,a-CDR-L2,a-CDR-L3,a-CDR-H1,a-CDR-H2,和a-CDR-H3)发生于L1的31-34,L2的50-55,L3的89-96,H1的31-35B,H2的50-58,和H3的95-102氨基酸残基(Almagro和Fransson(2008)Front.Biosci.13:1619-1633)。除非另外指明,在本文中依照Kabat等,见上文对可变域中的HVR残基和其它残基(例如FR残基)编号。
“分离的”抗体指已经与其天然环境的组分分开的抗体。在一些实施方案中,抗体纯化至大于95%或99%的纯度,如通过例如电泳(例如,SDS-PAGE,等电聚焦(IEF),毛细管电泳)或层析(例如,离子交换或反相HPLC)测定的。关于用于评估抗体纯度的方法的综述,见例如Flatman等(2007)J.Chromatogr.B 848:79-87。
如本文中使用的,术语“单克隆抗体”指从一群基本上同质的抗体获得的抗体,即构成群体的各个抗体是相同的和/或结合相同表位,除了例如含有天然存在的突变或在单克隆抗体制备物的生成期间发生的可能的变体抗体外,此类变体一般以极小量存在。与通常包含针对不同决定簇(表位)的不同抗体的多克隆抗体制备物不同,单克隆抗体制备物的每种单克隆抗体针对抗原上的单一决定簇。如此,修饰语“单克隆”指示抗体自一群基本上同质的抗体获得的特性,而不应解释为要求通过任何特定方法来生成抗体。例如,可以通过多种技术来生成要依照本发明使用的单克隆抗体,包括但不限于杂交瘤方法,重组DNA方法,噬菌体展示方法,和利用含有所有或部分人免疫球蛋白基因座的转基因动物的方法,本文中描述了用于生成单克隆抗体的此类方法和其它例示性方法。
“裸抗体”指未与异源模块(例如细胞毒性模块)或放射性标记物缀合的抗体。裸抗体可以存在于药物配制剂中。
“天然抗体”指具有不同结构的天然存在的免疫球蛋白分子。例如,天然IgG抗体是约150,000道尔顿的异四聚糖蛋白,由二硫化物键合的两条相同轻链和两条相同重链构成。从N至C端,每条重链具有一个可变区(VH),又称作可变重域或重链可变域,接着是三个恒定域(CH1,CH2,和CH3)。类似地,从N至C端,每条轻链具有一个可变区(VL),又称作可变轻域或轻链可变域,接着是一个恒定轻(CL)域。根据其恒定域氨基酸序列,抗体轻链可归入两种类型中的一种,称作卡帕(κ)和拉姆达(λ)。
关于参照多肽序列的“百分比(%)氨基酸序列同一性”定义为比对序列并在必要时引入缺口以获取最大百分比序列同一性后,且不将任何保守替代视为序列同一性的一部分时,候选序列中与参照多肽序列中的氨基酸残基相同的氨基酸残基的百分率。为测定百分比氨基酸序列同一性目的的对比可以以本领域技术范围内的多种方式进行,例如使用公众可得到的计算机软件,诸如BLAST,BLAST-2,ALIGN或Megalign(DNASTAR)软件。本领域技术人员可以决定用于比对序列的合适参数,包括对所比较序列全长获得最大对比所需的任何算法。然而,为了本发明的目的,%氨基酸序列同一性值是使用序列比较计算机程序ALIGN-2产生的。ALIGN-2序列比较计算机程序由Genentech,Inc.编写,并且源代码已经连同用户文档一起提交给美国版权局(US Copyright Office,Washington D.C.,20559),其中其以美国版权注册号TXU510087注册。公众自Genentech,Inc.,South San Francisco,Calif.可获得ALIGN-2程序,或者可以从源代码编译。ALIGN2程序应当编译成在UNIX操作系统,包括数码UNIX V4.0D上使用。所有序列比较参数由ALIGN-2程序设定且不变。
在采用ALIGN-2来比较氨基酸序列的情况中,给定氨基酸序列A相对于(to),与(with),或针对(against)给定氨基酸序列B的%氨基酸序列同一性(或者可表述为具有或包含相对于,与,或针对给定氨基酸序列B的某一%氨基酸序列同一性的给定氨基酸序列A)如下计算:
分数X/Y 乘 100
其中X是由序列比对程序ALIGN-2在该程序的A和B比对中评分为相同匹配的氨基酸残基数,且其中Y是B中的氨基酸残基总数。应当领会,若氨基酸序列A的长度与氨基酸序列B的长度不相等,则A相对于B的%氨基酸序列同一性将不等于B相对于A的%氨基酸序列同一性。除非另有明确说明,本文中所使用的所有%氨基酸序列同一性值都是依照上一段所述,使用ALIGN-2计算机程序获得的。
术语“可变区”或“可变域”指抗体重或轻链中牵涉抗体结合抗原的域。天然抗体的重链和轻链可变域(分别为VH和VL)一般具有类似的结构,其中每个域包含4个保守的框架区(FR)和3个高变区(HVR)。参见例如Kindt等,Kuby Immunology,第6版,W.H.Freeman andCo.,第91页(2007)。单个VH或VL域可以足以赋予抗原结合特异性。此外,可以分别使用来自结合抗原的抗体的VH或VL域筛选互补VL或VH域的文库来分离结合特定抗原的抗体(Portolano等(1993)J.Immunol.150:880-887;Clarkson等(1991)Nature 352:624-628)。
“肿瘤相关抗原”(TAA)是本领域已知的,而且可以制备它们以用于使用本领域公知的方法和信息生成人或人源化抗体。在发现用于癌症诊断和治疗的有效细胞靶物的尝试中,研究人员寻求鉴定与一种或多种正常非癌性细胞相比在一种或多种特定类型的癌细胞的表面上特异性表达的跨膜多肽或肿瘤相关多肽。通常,与非癌性细胞的表面上相比,此类肿瘤相关多肽在癌细胞的表面上更加丰富地表达。对此类肿瘤相关细胞表面抗原多肽的鉴定已经引起经由基于抗体的疗法特异性靶向癌细胞进行破坏的能力。TAA的例子包括但不限于美国专利No.8,679,767和8,541,178中描述的那些,通过援引明确将它们完整收入本文。
可以使用重组方法和组合物来生成在此公开的方法中有用的ADC的抗体成分,例如,如记载于US 4,816,567的。提供了编码本文中所描述的此类抗体的分离的核酸。此类核酸可以编码包含抗体VL的氨基酸序列和/或包含VH的氨基酸序列(例如,抗体的轻和/或重链)。还提供了包含此类核酸的一种或多种载体(例如,表达载体)。还提供了包含此类核酸的宿主细胞。宿主细胞可包含(例如,已经用下列载体转化):(1)包含核酸的载体,所述核酸编码包含抗体的VL的氨基酸序列和包含抗体的VH的氨基酸序列,或(2)第一载体和第二载体,所述第一载体包含编码包含抗体的VL的氨基酸序列的核酸,所述第二载体包含编码包含抗体的VH的氨基酸序列的核酸。宿主细胞可以是真核的,例如中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞或淋巴样细胞(例如Y0,NS0,Sp20细胞)。如此,提供了生成抗体的方法,其中该方法包括在适合于表达抗体的条件下培养包含编码抗体的核酸的宿主细胞,如上文提供的,并且任选地,自宿主细胞(或宿主细胞培养液)回收抗体。
对于抗体的重组生成,将编码抗体的核酸(例如如上文所描述的)分离,并插入一种或多种载体中,以在宿主细胞中进一步克隆和/或表达。可以使用常规规程将此类核酸容易地分离并测序(例如,通过使用寡核苷酸探针来进行,所述寡核苷酸探针能够特异性结合编码抗体的重和轻链的基因)。
适合于克隆或表达抗体编码载体的宿主细胞包括原核或真核细胞。例如,可以在细菌中生成抗体,特别是在不需要糖基化和Fc效应器功能时。对于抗体片段和多肽在细菌中的表达,见例如美国专利No.5,648,237;美国专利No.5,789,199;美国专利No.5,840,523(还可见Charlton,Methods in Molecular Biology,第248卷(B.K.C.Lo编,Humana Press,Totowa,N.J.,2003),第245-254页,其描述了抗体片段在大肠杆菌(E.coli)中的表达)。表达后,可以将抗体在可溶性级分中自细菌细胞团糊分离,并可以进一步纯化。
在原核生物外,真核微生物诸如丝状真菌或酵母是适合于抗体编码载体的克隆或表达宿主,包括其糖基化途径已经“人源化”,导致生成具有部分或完全人的糖基化样式的抗体的真菌和酵母菌株(Gerngross(2004)Nat.Biotech.22:1409-1414;Li等(2006)Nat.Biotech.24:210-215)。
适合于表达糖基化抗体的宿主细胞也自多细胞生物体(无脊椎动物和脊椎动物)衍生。无脊椎动物细胞的例子包括植物和昆虫细胞。已经鉴定出许多杆状病毒株,其可以与昆虫细胞一起使用,特别是用于转染草地夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)细胞。
也可以利用植物细胞培养物作为宿主(US 5,959,177;US 6,040,498;US 6,420,548;US 7,125,978;US 6,417,429,描述用于在转基因植物中生成抗体的PLANTIBODIESTM技术)。
也可以使用脊椎动物细胞作为宿主。例如,适合于在悬浮液中生长的哺乳动物细胞系可以是有用的。有用的哺乳动物宿主细胞系的其它例子是经SV40转化的猴肾CV1系(COS-7);人胚肾系(293或293细胞,如记载于例如Graham等(1977)J.Gen Virol.36:59的);幼年仓鼠肾细胞(BHK);小鼠塞托利(sertoli)细胞(TM4细胞,如记载于例如Mather(1980)Biol.Reprod.23:243-251的);猴肾细胞(CV1);非洲绿猴肾细胞(VERO-76);人宫颈癌细胞(HELA);犬肾细胞(MDCK);牛鼠(buffalo rat)肝细胞(BRL 3A);人肺细胞(W138);人肝细胞(Hep G2);小鼠乳房肿瘤(MMT 060562);TR1细胞,如记载于例如Mather等(1982)AnnalsN.Y.Acad.Sci.383:44-68的;MRC 5细胞;和FS4细胞。其它有用的哺乳动物宿主细胞系包括中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞,包括DHFR-CHO细胞(Urlaub等(1980)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA77:4216);和骨髓瘤细胞系诸如Y0,NS0和Sp2/0。关于适合于抗体生成的某些哺乳动物宿主细胞系的综述,见例如Yazaki和Wu,Methods in Molecular Biology,第248卷(B.K.C.Lo编,Humana Press,Totowa,N.J.),第255-268页(2003)。
可以通过本领域中已知的多种测定法对ADC的抗体成分鉴定,筛选,或表征其物理/化学特性和/或生物学活性。可以对抗体测试其抗原结合活性,例如通过已知的方法诸如ELISA或Western印迹等来进行。还可使用竞争测定法来鉴定与另一种已知抗体竞争对抗原的结合的抗体。在某些实施方案中,此类竞争性抗体结合与已知抗体所结合表位相同的表位(例如线性或构象表位)。用于定位抗体所结合表位的详细例示性方法见Morris(1996)“Epitope Mapping Protocols”,Methods in Molecular Biology Vol.66(Humana Press,Totowa,N.J.)。
形成ADC的例示性抗体可包括但不限于曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab),奥瑞珠单抗(ocrelizumab),帕妥珠单抗(pertuzumab),抗PDLL,抗神经毡蛋白(neuropilin)-1,抗MUC16,利妥昔单抗(rituximab),抗间皮素,抗LY6E,抗STEAP1,抗FcRH5,抗CD22,抗B7H4,抗LGR5,抗CD79b,和抗Napi2b。
可以经由接头单元将形成ADC的药物成分的药物模块共价附着至抗体以形成抗体-药物缀合物,以实现靶向治疗效应。抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)化合物的一个例示性实施方案包含靶向例如肿瘤细胞的抗体(Ab),细胞毒性或细胞抑制性药物模块(D),和将Ab附着至D的接头模块(L)。通过接头模块(L)经由一个或多个氨基酸残基(诸如赖氨酸和半胱氨酸)将抗体附着至D;组成具有式:Ab-(L-D)p,其中p为1至约20,或约2至约5。可经由反应性接头模块缀合至抗体分子的药物模块的数目可受到半胱氨酸残基的数目限制,包括抗体中存在的或可通过本文所述方法引入的游离半胱氨酸残基,或形成抗体的链间二硫键的天然半胱氨酸。
抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)的药物模块(D)可包括任何治疗性化合物,模块或基团,尤其是具有细胞毒性或细胞抑制性效应的基团。例示性药物模块可通过包括但不限于微管蛋白结合,DNA结合或插层,和抑制RNA聚合酶,蛋白质合成,和拓扑异构酶的机制来发挥此类细胞毒性和细胞抑制性效应。一些细胞毒性药物在缀合至大型抗体或蛋白质受体配体时趋于没有活性或不太有活性。例示性药物模块包括但不限于美登木生物碱,多拉司他汀,奥瑞司他汀,加利车霉素,吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓(PBD),PNU-159682,蒽环,倍癌霉素,长春花生物碱,紫杉烷,单端孢菌素,CC1065,倍癌霉素,喜树碱,依利奈法德,包括利福霉素或利福霉素类似物的抗生素,及其立体异构体,电子等排体,类似物或衍生物,而且包括这些药物具有细胞毒性活性的衍生物。
抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)是设计用于相对于常规小分子和抗体癌症化疗降低非特异性毒性并提高功效的靶向抗癌治疗剂。它们采用单克隆抗体有力的靶向能力来将高度有力的,缀合的小分子治疗剂特异性投递至癌细胞。为了评估这些ADC诸如功效,稳定性,同源性,药动学和毒性等特性,能够经由单一样品分析性分析自溶液,血浆,尿液,和其它生物学样品同时表征和量化抗体成分和药物模块是有用的。已经公开了通过免疫亲和膜(IAM)捕捉和质谱术来检测和筛选抗体-药物缀合物的方法(US 2005/0232929),包括基于珠的亲和捕捉方法(US 2009/0286258)。
在单一样品测定法中同时量化抗体和药物模块的方法
此公开提供用于同时量化ADC治疗性构建物的抗体和药物成分的可再现的,有效的且经济的基于LC-MS/MS的方法。图1显示此公开的一种ADC样品测定法的工作流的卡通图,其包括任选的自样品亲和捕捉ADC,酶促消化和自ADC切割释放药物,和随后通过LC-MS/MS同时分析单一经处理样品中存在的药物和肽片段。
在这些方法中,可以处理ADC样品以还原,变性,和消化样品的蛋白质成分以生成单一分析样品中的消化抗体-药物缀合物肽混合物。然后通过液相层析串联质谱术(LC-MS/MS)分析包含药物和消化抗体成分二者的单一分析样品以检测和量化ADC的药物和抗体成分二者。
取决于ADC的接头成分的身份和为了还原,变性,和/或消化样品的蛋白质成分应用的化学制品处理,可以自ADC的抗体/肽成分切割ADC的药物模块,而且因此可以在LC-MS/MS分析中作为未缀合的药物成分检测和量化。
或者/另外,ADC的药物模块成分可以在还原和变性ADC之后保持连接至ADC的抗体/肽成分,而且因此可以在LC-MS/MS分析中作为肽结合的药物成分检测和量化。
可以使用包含药物和抗体或抗体成分二者的单一分析样品的LC-MS/MS分析来测定抗体-药物缀合物的总抗体浓度,ADC的抗体缀合的药物浓度,及计算ADC的平均药物-对-抗体比(DAR),和ADC的这些特征的组合。
用于分析/量化的含有ADC的样品可以在没有任何初步样品清洁或富集的情况中提交还原,变性,和/或消化(即“直接消化”样品)。或者/另外,可以富集或浓缩含有ADC的样品用于进一步分析。低丰度肽或药物的此类浓缩可以包括诸如大小排阻层析,透析,选择性沉淀,差速离心,过滤,凝胶电泳,液相层析,反相层析,免疫沉淀,包括蛋白A和蛋白G,NHS和链霉亲合素铁或磷或固定化抗体或凝集素的SpinTrap柱,顺磁性珠,免疫消减,分级,固相萃取,磷酸肽富集,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,脱盐,等等富集技术。
为分析呈现的ADC也可以存在于溶液或悬浮液中,诸如为施用于动物或人配制的药物组合物,或ADC的生产步骤中可能存在的细胞培养物或上清液中,或自动物或人获得的生物学样品中。如此,ADC可能存在于选自缓冲液,全血,血清,血浆,脑脊液,唾液,尿液,淋巴,胆汁,粪,汗液,玻璃状液,泪液,和组织的基质中。为ADC的各种安全性,功效和药动学/生物分布参数的分析频繁呈现的生物学样品包括人,食蟹猴,大鼠,和小鼠血浆和组织样品,以及来自其它非人物种的生物学样品。
当作为此类生物学样品的一部分呈现时,可以使ADC与亲和捕捉介质接触。亲和捕捉是一种用于富集/分离完整蛋白质,鉴定结合配偶和蛋白质复合物,或调查翻译后修饰的广泛使用的方法。可以通过非特异性手段(例如凝胶电泳,蛋白A或G介质,1型抗神经元核自身抗体(ANNA-1,也称作“抗Hu”),或特异性手段(例如胞外域(ECD)抗体,或抗独特性抗体)分出蛋白质或蛋白质复合物。然后可以自亲和捕捉介质洗脱ADC,作为样品清洁的手段,之后是还原,变性,和/或消化,和后续LC-MS/MS分析。
或者/另外,通过珠或树脂支持的蛋白A/G用亲和捕捉分析ADC样品,继以珠上去磷酸化,还原,变性,和/或消化,之后是自亲和捕捉介质洗脱富集的消化抗体样品,和LC-MS/MS分析。通过免疫亲和膜(IAM)捕捉和质谱术捕捉,清洗和洗脱抗体-药物缀合物的方法已经公开(公开号2005/0232929的美国专利),包括基于珠的亲和捕捉方法(公开号2009/0286258的美国专利)。
通过与包括至少一种还原剂(例如二硫苏糖醇(DTT),2-巯基乙醇,或三(2-羧基乙基)膦(TCEP))的组合物接触使ADC还原。还可以通过与包括至少一种变性剂,例如甲酰胺,二甲基甲酰胺,乙腈,SDS,脲,胍,3-((1-(呋喃-2-基)十一烷基氧基)羰基氨基)丙烷-1-磺酸钠(ProteaseMaxTM),和/或酸不稳定性表面活性剂,诸如那些含有二氧杂环戊烷(dioxolane)或二噁烷(dioxane)官能团的,诸如RapiGestTM-SF表面活性剂(如美国专利7,229,539和US 8,580,533中所述;通过援引将其收入本文)的组合物接触使ADC变性。可以通过与包括至少一种还原剂和至少一种变性剂的组合物接触使ADC同时还原和变性。此类组合物可以包括另外的溶剂,缓冲剂和/或pH变调剂,诸如乙腈,甲醇,乙醇,HCl,碳酸氢铵,乙酸铵,和/或甲酸,去磷酸化剂,包括磷酸酶,诸如小牛肠碱性磷酸酶,牛肠碱性磷酸酶,或λ蛋白质磷酸酶。
可以用非酶促蛋白质裂解方法消化样品的蛋白质成分,诸如在矿物酸或三氟乙酸或甲酸存在下的酸水解,用溴化氰的蛋白质水解,或250℃以上的热诱导的蛋白质水解。或者/另外,可以用蛋白质裂解酶消化样品,诸如胰蛋白酶,木瓜蛋白酶,胃蛋白酶,内切蛋白酶LysC,内切蛋白酶ArgC,金黄色葡萄球菌V8,胰凝乳蛋白酶,Asp-N,Asn-C,PNGaseF,内切蛋白酶GluC,和LysN,或这些酶的组合。
然后将包含ADC的药物(或肽-接头-药物)和消化抗体成分二者的分析样品作为单一样品应用于液相层析支持物进行分开并通过质谱术分析来自液相层析的流出液以建立消化抗体的至少一种肽片段的质量对电荷比,和ADC的药物(或肽-接头-药物)模块的质量对电荷比。
消化抗体提供单一分析样品中的肽,它们对于ADC的抗体是独特的。用于消化抗体的蛋白质裂解方法或酶可以选择成生成独特肽片段用于通过LC-MS/MS的检测和定量。通过LC-MS/MS检测和量化对于ADC的抗体独特的肽片段中的一种或多种,由此消除应用于LC-MS/MS的单一分析样品中可能存在的不形成ADC的一部分的背景或非特定蛋白质或其它污染物。
通过援引将本文中引用的每一篇出版物或专利完整收入本文。
现在一般性描述的公开通过参考下面的实施例(仅仅为了例示本公开的实施方案的某些方面的目的而包括它们)会变得更加容易理解。实施例并非意图限制公开,因为本领域技术人员会根据上文的教导和下面的实施例认识到其它技术和方法能满足权利要求且能在不偏离请求保护的公开的范围的情况中采用。
实施例
实施例1:ADC多路测定法设计和验证
为了测试和验证此公开的多路测定法,使用来自商业性来源的食蟹猴血浆掺入ADC(连接至吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓二聚体的二硫化物,它是如公开号7,521,541的美国专利中所述制备的一种半胱氨酸改造抗体)以提供标准校准样品。还使用自先前已经施用ADC的食蟹猴获得的冷冻血浆样品进行测试。在含有以体积计0.1%Tween 20,以体积计5.0%盐酸Trizma(1M),以体积计3.0%氯化钠(5M),以体积计0.2%EDTA(0.5M),以重量计0.1%牛血清清蛋白,和以体积计91.7%水的缓冲液中清洗蛋白A磁性珠(Pure Proteome),清洗3次。然后将蛋白A珠与上述清洗缓冲液和融化的血浆样品一起在恒定摇动下于室温温育2小时。
然后将珠在含有以体积计5.0%盐酸Trizma(1M),以体积计3.0%氯化钠(5M),以体积计0.2%EDTA(0.5M),和以体积计91.8%水的缓冲液中清洗2次。然后将经过清洗的珠在110μl含有下述的总反应溶液中于中性pH在恒定摇动下于60℃温育1小时:
1)75μl变性溶液(以重量计0.05%RapiGestTMSF表面活性剂(WatersCorporation,Milford,MA),以体积计37.5%碳酸氢铵(50mM),和以体积计10%乙腈);
2)10μl还原溶液(200mM三(2-羧基乙基)膦(TCEP));和
3)25μl稳定标记的内部标准品。
然后将经过还原的样品/珠烷基化以防止还原的半胱氨酸残基再氧化,防止再形成二硫键的再形成。通过在50mM碳酸氢铵,pH 8中含有25μL 200mM碘乙酰胺的溶液中在黑暗中于室温温育45分钟进行烷基化。
然后通过将10μL消化溶液(50mM碳酸氢铵中的测序级经修饰胰蛋白酶250μg/ml)添加至还原和烷基化样品,漩涡震荡并于37℃温育2小时消化抗体。然后通过添加15μl 2MHCl,漩涡震荡,并于37℃温育30分钟淬灭酶促消化。
通过添加4倍体积的含有药物内部标准品的有机溶剂沉淀出样品中的蛋白质。
然后通过LC-MS/MS(Shimadzu LC,AB SCIEX 5500QTrap质谱仪)分析还原和消化样品。
表2A提供数据的比较,而图2A显示药物(SG2057)峰面积对药物浓度的图,显示药物的线性,浓度依赖性还原和释放,具有0.997的r2值,和±10%内的高百分比精确性。
表2A
测量的
表2B提供数据的比较,而图2B显示总抗体峰面积对ADC浓度的图,其类似地显示0.994的高r2值,和±20%内的高百分比精确性。这些数据证明成功开发用于的半胱氨酸改造抗体药物缀合物(THIOMAB)的新的多路测定法。
表2B
测量的
实施例2:酶促反应的酸淬灭
如实施例1中所述融化含有ADC的冷冻血浆样品并通过LC-MS/MS分析。如实施例1中所述,使用温和的表面活性剂变性剂(RapiGestTM SF表面活性剂)来使蛋白质增溶和解折叠,由此打开蛋白质结构以暴露蛋白质裂解位点。在制备用于LC-MS/MS分析的样品的消化阶段,一半加工样品不淬灭酶促消化,同时另一半加工样品通过添加酸(添加HCl,如实施例1中所述)来淬灭酶促消化。所使用的表面活性剂是在酸性条件中经历水解的酸不稳定性表面活性剂,以形成无活性且非干扰性副产物,它们在后续MS分析中不遏制肽电离。温和的表面活性剂变性剂对于蛋白酶活性而言不是破坏性的,由此减少样品加工的消化步骤中需要的酶的量。
图3显示经消化并通过添加酸来淬灭或不淬灭的各份样品的内部标准品峰面积的图。这些数据证明对酶促消化添加酸淬灭酶促反应,水解表面活性剂,并降低由表面活性剂引起的电离遏制,始终不影响样品稳定性。这些数据证明表面活性剂不影响所释放的药物,并提示这种多路测定法可以在没有酸淬灭,或消除表面活性剂的使用的情况中实施。
实施例3:所释放的药物成分的稳定性
为了评估还原和消化样品中药物的稳定性,如实施例1中所述制备用于LC-MS/MS分析的样品并通过添加甲醇(或是在含有HCl的酸性溶液中,或是在含有碳酸氢铵的碱性溶液中)来防腐。立即分析样品,或者保存并在12小时,24小时,或72小时后分析。图4A显示在制备和添加酸性溶液中的甲醇之后所分析的药物的峰面积的图。类似地,图4B显示在制备和添加碱性溶液中的甲醇之后所分析的药物的峰面积的图。这些数据证明所释放的药物仍然在在碱性或酸性溶液中含有甲醇的溶液中。对于包括酶促消化的酸淬灭的样品制备技术的使用,图4A显示所释放的药物直至在酸和有机蛋白质沉淀存在下的样品制备之后72小时仍然是稳定且可溶的。
实施例4:消化抗体成分的稳定性
为了评估酸淬灭和甲醇沉淀对还原和消化样品中总抗体的量化的影响,如实施例1中所述制备用于LC-MS/MS分析的样品并通过添加甲醇(或是在含有HCl的酸性溶液中,或是在含有碳酸氢铵的碱性溶液中)来保存。立即分析样品,或者保存并在12小时,24小时,或72小时后分析。图5A显示在制备和添加酸性溶液中的甲醇之后来自用于量化总抗体的抗体消化的肽的峰面积的图。类似地,图5B显示在制备和添加碱性溶液中的甲醇之后肽的峰面积的图。这些数据证明总抗体定量直至在由酸淬灭和有机蛋白质沉淀组成的样品制备之后72小时还是稳定的。
虽然为了清楚理解的目的已经通过举例说明较为详细地描述前述发明,描述和例子不应解读为限制发明的范围。因而,所有合适的修改和等同可以认为是落在由所附权利要求书限定的发明范围内。通过援引明确完整收录本文中引用的所有专利和科学文献的公开内容。
Claims (35)
1.一种量化抗体缀合的药物和抗体-药物缀合物的总抗体浓度二者的方法,其包含:
(a)使抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)与还原抗体以形成变性抗体的组合物接触;
(b)消化变性抗体以形成单一分析样品中的消化抗体-药物缀合物肽混合物;并
(c)通过LC-MS/MS分析消化抗体-药物缀合物肽混合物以在单一分析样品中检测至少一种抗体签名肽和药物模块。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中在接触步骤之前,在选自缓冲液,全血,血清,血浆,脑脊液,唾液,尿液,淋巴,胆汁,粪,汗液,玻璃状液,泪液,和组织的基质中悬浮ADC。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中在消化步骤之前,通过选自大小排阻层析,透析,选择性沉淀,差速离心,过滤,凝胶电泳,液相层析,反相层析,免疫沉淀,包括蛋白A和蛋白G,NHS和链霉亲合素铁或磷或固定化抗体或凝集素的SpinTrap柱,顺磁性珠,免疫消减,分级,固相萃取,磷酸肽富集,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,和脱盐的技术富集ADC。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中使ADC结合至亲和捕捉介质。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中亲和捕捉介质是珠或树脂支持的蛋白A/G,靶抗原-顺磁性珠捕捉介质,抗独特型抗体,抗Hu抗体,和抗药物抗体中的至少一项。
6.权利要求4的方法,其进一步包含清洗结合至亲和捕捉介质的ADC以减少与ADC接触的非抗体蛋白质。
7.权利要求4的方法,其进一步包含使结合至亲和捕捉介质的ADC去磷酸化。
8.权利要求4的方法,其中消化变性抗体以形成消化抗体-药物缀合物肽混合物的步骤在使ADC结合至亲和捕捉介质同时发生。
9.权利要求4的方法,其进一步包含在酶促消化ADC的步骤之前自亲和捕捉介质洗脱ADC。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中还原抗体的组合物包含至少一种选自二硫苏糖醇(DTT),2-巯基乙醇,和三(2-羧基乙基)膦(TCEP)的还原剂。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中还原抗体的组合物进一步包含至少一种选自甲酰胺,二甲基甲酰胺,乙腈,SDS,脲,酸不稳定性表面活性剂,癸基呋喃基磺酸盐,和盐酸胍的变性剂。
12.权利要求1的方法,其中还原抗体的组合物包含至少一种选自甲醇,乙醇,HCl,碳酸氢铵,Tris缓冲液,HEPES,乙酸铵,和乙腈的化学制品。
13.权利要求1的方法,其中消化变性抗体的步骤包含在矿物酸,三氟乙酸,甲酸存在下的酸水解,用溴化氰的蛋白质水解,和250℃以上的热诱导的蛋白质水解中的至少一项。
14.权利要求1的方法,其中消化变性抗体的步骤包含使变性抗体与蛋白质裂解酶接触。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中蛋白质裂解酶是胰蛋白酶,胰凝乳蛋白酶,木瓜蛋白酶,胃蛋白酶,LysN,LysC,AspN,GluC,ArgC,和PNGaseF中的至少一项。
16.权利要求1的方法,其中消化变性抗体的步骤包含使药物与变性抗体分开。
17.权利要求1的方法,其中消化变性抗体的步骤进一步包含使变性抗体与自变性抗体切割药物的化学制品接触。
18.权利要求4的方法,其进一步包含在分析消化抗体-药物缀合物肽混合物的步骤之前自亲和捕捉介质洗脱消化抗体-药物缀合物肽混合物。
19.权利要求1的方法,其中通过LC-MS/MS分析消化抗体-药物缀合物肽混合物包含检测消化抗体-药物缀合物的肽片段。
20.权利要求19的方法,其中肽片段包含ADC的可变区的至少一部分。
21.权利要求19的方法,其中肽片段包含ADC的至少一种互补决定区(CDR)。
22.权利要求19的方法,其中肽片段包含ADC的非可变区的至少一部分。
23.权利要求19的方法,其中作为肽-接头-药物复合物检测消化抗体-药物缀合物肽混合物中的药物。
24.权利要求19的方法,其中自消化抗体-药物缀合物肽混合物的分析计算抗体-药物缀合物的总抗体浓度。
25.权利要求19的方法,其中自消化抗体-药物缀合物肽混合物的分析计算ADC的抗体缀合的药物浓度。
26.权利要求19的方法,其中自消化抗体-药物缀合物肽混合物的分析计算ADC的平均药物-对-抗体比(DAR)。
27.权利要求1的方法,其中药物模块选自美登木生物碱(maytansinoid),多拉司他汀(dolastatin),奥瑞司他汀(auristatin),加利车霉素(calicheamicin),吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓(pyrrolobenzodiazepine)(PBD),PNU-159682,蒽环(anthracycline),倍癌霉素(duocarmycin),长春花生物碱(vinca alkaloid),紫杉烷(taxane),单端孢菌素(trichothecene),CC1065,倍癌霉素(duocarmycin),喜树碱(camptothecin),依利奈法德(elinafide),抗生素,和其立体异构体,电子等排体,代谢物,类似物或衍生物。
28.权利要求1的方法,其中ADC的抗体部分是抗体片段。
29.权利要求1的方法,其中ADC的抗体部分是抗体变体,其中抗体的一个或多个残基是用半胱氨酸残基替代的。
30.权利要求1的方法,其中ADC的抗体部分是人或人源化抗体。
31.权利要求1的方法,其中ADC是具有一个或多个限定位置处的工程化半胱氨酸的TDC。
32.权利要求1的方法,其中ADC的抗体部分是结合一种或多种选自(1)-(53)的肿瘤相关抗原或细胞表面受体的抗体:
(1)BMPR1B(骨形态发生蛋白受体-IB型);
(2)E16(LAT1,SLC7A5);
(3)STEAP1(前列腺的六次跨膜上皮抗原);
(4)MUC16(0772P,CA125);
(5)MPF(MPF,MSLN,SMR,巨核细胞强化因子,间皮素);
(6)Napi2b(NAPI-3B,NPTIIb,SLC34A2,溶质载体家族34(磷酸钠),成员2,II型钠依赖性磷酸转运蛋白3b);
(7)Sema 5b(FLJ10372,KIAA1445,Mm.42015,SEMA5B,SEMAG,脑信号蛋白5b Hlog,sema域,七次血小板反应蛋白重复(1型和1型样),跨膜域(TM)和短胞质域,(脑信号蛋白)5B);
(8)PSCA hlg(2700050C12Rik,C530008O16Rik,RIKEN cDNA 2700050C12,RIKEN cDNA2700050C12基因);
(9)ETBR(内皮缩血管肽B型受体);
(10)MSG783(RNF124,假设的蛋白质FLJ20315);
(11)STEAP2(HGNC_8639,IPCA-1,PCANAP1,STAMP1,STEAP2,STMP,前列腺癌相关基因1,前列腺癌相关蛋白1,前列腺的六次跨膜上皮抗原2,六次跨膜前列腺蛋白);
(12)TrpM4(BR22450,FLJ20041,TRPM4,TRPM4B,瞬时受体潜在阳离子通道,亚家族M,成员4);
(13)CRIPTO(CR,CR1,CRGF,CRIPTO,TDGF1,畸胎瘤衍生的生长因子);
(14)CD21(CR2(补体受体2)或C3DR(C3d/埃巴二氏病毒受体)或Hs73792);
(15)CD79b(CD79B,CD79β,IGb(免疫球蛋白相关β),B29);
(16)FcRH2(IFGP4,IRTA4,SPAP1A(含SH2域的磷酸酶锚定蛋白1a),SPAP1B,SPAP1C);
(17)HER2;
(18)NCA;
(19)MDP;
(20)IL20Rα;
(21)短小蛋白聚糖;
(22)EphB2R;
(23)ASLG659;
(24)PSCA;
(25)GEDA;
(26)BAFF-R(B细胞活化性因子受体,BLyS受体3,BR3);
(27)CD22(B细胞受体CD22-B同等型);
(28)CD79a(CD79A,CD79α,免疫球蛋白相关α);
(29)CXCR5(伯基特氏淋巴瘤受体1);
(30)HLA-DOB(MHC II类分子的β亚基(Ia抗原));
(31)P2X5(嘌呤能受体P2X配体门控离子通道5);
(32)CD72(B细胞分化抗原CD72,Lyb-2);
(33)LY64(淋巴细胞抗原64(RP105),富亮氨酸重复(LRR)家族的I型膜蛋白);
(34)FcRH1(Fc受体样蛋白1);
(35)FcRH5(IRTA2,免疫球蛋白超家族受体易位相关的2);
(36)TENB2(推定的跨膜蛋白聚糖);
(37)PMEL17(silver同系物;SILV;D12S53E;PMEL17;SI;SIL);
(38)TMEFF1(具有EGF样和两个促卵泡素抑制素样域的跨膜蛋白1;Tomoregulin-1);
(39)GDNF-Ra1(GDNF家族受体α1;GFRA1;GDNFR;GDNFRA;RETL1;TRNR1;RET1L;GDNFR-α1;GFR-α-1);
(40)Ly6E(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座E;Ly67,RIG-E,SCA-2,TSA-1);
(41)TMEM46(shisa同系物2(非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis));SHISA2);
(42)Ly6G6D(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座G6D;Ly6-D,MEGT1);
(43)LGR5(含富亮氨酸重复的G蛋白偶联受体5;GPR49,GPR67);
(44)RET(ret原癌基因;MEN2A;HSCR1;MEN2B;MTC1;PTC;CDHF12;Hs.168114;RET51;RET-ELE1);
(45)LY6K(淋巴细胞抗原6复合物,基因座K;LY6K;HSJ001348;FLJ35226);
(46)GPR19(G蛋白偶联受体19;Mm.4787);
(47)GPR54(KISS1受体;KISS1R;GPR54;HOT7T175;AXOR12);
(48)ASPHD1(含天冬氨酸β-羟化酶域的1;LOC253982);
(49)酪氨酸酶(TYR;OCAIA;OCA1A;酪氨酸酶;SHEP3);
(50)TMEM118(环指蛋白,跨膜2;RNFT2;FLJ14627);
(51)GPR172A(G蛋白偶联受体172A;GPCR41;FLJ11856;D15Ertd747e);
(52)CD33;和
(53)CLL-1。
33.一种量化生物学样品中存在的抗体缀合的药物和抗体-药物缀合物的总抗体浓度二者的方法,其包含:
(a)使来自动物的选自血液,血清,血浆,组织,或细胞的生物学样品与抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)接触;
(b)使包含ADC的生物学样品与亲和捕捉介质接触以形成ADC-亲和捕捉介质复合物;
(c)清洗ADC-亲和捕捉介质复合物以减少与ADC接触的非抗体蛋白质;
(d)使ADC-亲和捕捉介质复合物与还原抗体的组合物接触以形成变性抗体;
(e)酶促消化变性抗体以形成单一分析样品中的消化ADC肽混合物;
(f)通过LC-MS/MS分析消化ADC肽混合物以在单一分析样品中检测至少一种抗体签名肽和药物模块;并
(g)自至少一种抗体签名肽和药物模块的LC-MS/MS分析检测确定ADC的至少一项表征,其选自ADC的总抗体浓度,ADC的抗体缀合的药物浓度,和ADC的平均药物-对-抗体比(DAR)。
34.权利要求32的方法,其进一步包含在通过LC-MS/MS分析消化ADC肽混合物的步骤之前自亲和捕捉介质洗脱肽片段。
35.权利要求32的方法,其进一步包含在使ADC复合物与还原抗体的组合物接触的步骤之前自亲和捕捉介质洗脱ADC。
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Cited By (3)
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CN112292601A (zh) * | 2018-05-24 | 2021-01-29 | 西格马-奥尔德里奇有限责任公司 | 蛋白定量分析 |
CN112292601B (zh) * | 2018-05-24 | 2024-07-02 | 西格马-奥尔德里奇有限责任公司 | 蛋白定量分析 |
CN115698723A (zh) * | 2020-05-22 | 2023-02-03 | 结合点集团有限公司 | 鉴定或表征受试者中的免疫应答的方法 |
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EP3433621A1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
JP2019518195A (ja) | 2019-06-27 |
WO2017165734A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
JP6943872B2 (ja) | 2021-10-06 |
EP4273551A3 (en) | 2024-01-17 |
US20240012003A1 (en) | 2024-01-11 |
US20170315132A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
EP4273551A2 (en) | 2023-11-08 |
US20210123928A1 (en) | 2021-04-29 |
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