CN103298763B - 穿通件 - Google Patents
穿通件 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103298763B CN103298763B CN201280004543.XA CN201280004543A CN103298763B CN 103298763 B CN103298763 B CN 103298763B CN 201280004543 A CN201280004543 A CN 201280004543A CN 103298763 B CN103298763 B CN 103298763B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- feedthrough
- matrix
- battery
- glass material
- conductor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910000962 AlSiC Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 wherein Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005365 phosphate glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100005555 Rattus norvegicus Ccl20 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940001007 aluminium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000560 biocompatible material Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RIVZIMVWRDTIOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Co].[Co].[Co] RIVZIMVWRDTIOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006112 glass ceramic composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0093—Welding characterised by the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/02—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/02—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing by fusing glass directly to metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C29/00—Joining metals with the aid of glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/16—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing phosphorus
- C03C3/19—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing phosphorus containing boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/20—Compositions for glass with special properties for chemical resistant glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/24—Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions, i.e. for use as seals between dissimilar materials, e.g. glass and metal; Glass solders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
- H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
- H01M50/176—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for prismatic or rectangular cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/183—Sealing members
- H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
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- H01M50/183—Sealing members
- H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
- H01M50/188—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members the sealing members being arranged between the lid and terminal
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- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/183—Sealing members
- H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
- H01M50/191—Inorganic material
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
- H01M50/529—Intercell connections through partitions, e.g. in a battery casing
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- H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/564—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/564—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process
- H01M50/566—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process by welding, soldering or brazing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2204/00—Glasses, glazes or enamels with special properties
-
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种尤其用于锂离子电池,优选锂离子蓄电池的穿通件,尤其是电池穿通件,该穿通件具有至少一个基体,该基体具有至少一个开口,至少一个导体,尤其是基本上呈销状的导体穿过该开口在玻璃材料中穿过,其中,基体优选包含低熔点材料,尤其是轻金属,优选铝、镁、AlSiC、铝合金或镁合金、钛、钛合金或钢,尤其是特种钢、不锈钢或工具钢,并且玻璃材料包含如下以摩尔%计的组分:P2O535-50摩尔%,尤其是39-48摩尔%;Al2O30-14摩尔%,尤其是2-12摩尔%;B2O32-10摩尔%,尤其是4-8摩尔%;Na2O0-30摩尔%,尤其是0-20摩尔%;M2O0-20摩尔%,尤其是12-20摩尔%,其中M可以是K、Cs、Rb;PbO0-10摩尔%,尤其是0-9摩尔%;Li2O0-45摩尔%,尤其是0-40摩尔%,优选17-40摩尔%;BaO0-20摩尔%,尤其是0-20摩尔%,优选5-20摩尔%;Bi2O30-10摩尔%,尤其是1-5摩尔%,优选2-5摩尔%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尤其用于锂离子电池,优选锂离子蓄电池的穿通件,尤其是电池穿通件;一种存储装置,尤其是电池,优选锂离子电池;以及一种玻璃组合物用于将金属导体穿通到电池,尤其是锂离子电池的壳体中的用途。
背景技术
目前在电池穿通件中,将尤其是金属销形式的导体引入由轻金属(例如铝)构成的基体中是不可能的。
具有非常强的热膨胀材料(例如铝、铝合金、铜和铜合金)的穿通件仅在高频穿通件(HF-穿通件)领域内是公知的。这种HF-穿通件和基于铝-磷酸盐-玻璃的玻璃材料例如通过US5,262,364、US5,965,469以及US6,037,539公知。
尤其地,US6,037,539示出一种了HF-穿通件,其中,以铝-磷酸盐玻璃-组合物形式的含铁或不含铁导体穿过含铝的壳体部件。对通过US6,037,539公知的HF-穿通件基本上出于使用目的进行优化。优选用这种穿通件传输8至1000MHz之间的频率。US6,037,539中也描述了高压应用。然而US6,037,539中没有描述电池穿通件。
根据本发明,电池不仅被理解为在放电之后丢弃和/或回收的一次性电池而且也被理解为蓄电池。作为优选用于锂离子蓄电池的材料也讨论到轻金属,尤其是铝、铝合金或AlSiC。锂离子蓄电池设置用于不同应用,例如便携式电子设备、移动电话、电机工具以及尤其是电动车。这种电池可以代替传统能源,例如铅酸电池、镍镉电池或镍金属氢化物电池。
多年来公知有多种锂电子电池。对此例如参见“HandbookofBatteries,DavidLinden,Herausgeber,第2版,McGrawhill,1995,第36和39章”。
在大量专利中对锂离子蓄电池的不同方面进行了描述。例如US961,672、US5,952,126、US5,900,183、US5,874,185、US5,849,434、US5,853,914以及US5,773,959都提到过。
尤其对于汽车环境中的电池,优选锂离子蓄电池的应用,必须解决大量问题,例如耐腐蚀性、在事故中的耐受性或耐振性。另一问题是电池,尤其是锂离子电池在长时间内的密闭密封性。例如电池电极或电池电极穿通件区域内的泄露、电池短路或温度变化(这些导致缩短的电池寿命)可能损害密封性。电池穿通件的另一问题是相对于腐蚀性电池电解质,尤其是相对于例如锂离子蓄电池中所使用的无水电解质的不稳定性。
为了保证事故中更好的耐受性,DE10105877A1提出例如用于锂离子电池的壳体,其中,壳体包括金属套,该金属套在两侧打开并且被封闭。电流接头由塑料绝缘。塑料绝缘的缺点在于有限的耐热性、使用寿命内的不安全的密封性和相对于电池电解质的低化学耐受性。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种避免现有技术中的问题的穿通件,尤其是电池穿通件。
根据本发明,这通过根据权利要求1的穿通件,尤其是电池穿通件、根据权利要求8该的存储装置以及根据权利要求10[CU1]的用途来解决。
本发明优选的改进方案是从属权利要求的主题。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供尤其用于锂离子电池,优选用于锂离子蓄电池的穿通件,尤其是电池穿通件,该穿通件具有基体,其中,基体具有至少一个开口,导体,尤其是基本上呈销状的导体穿过该开口在玻璃材料中穿过,其中,基体包含低熔点材料,尤其是轻金属,优选铝或AlSiC、铝合金、镁或镁合金。同样可行的却由本发明包括的是由钛和/或钛合金例如Τi6246和/或Ti6242构成的基体。钛是生物相容性材料,从而其用于医疗应用,例如修复术。同样地,由于特别的强度、耐受性和低重量,人们也很愿意将其用于特别的应用,例如赛车以及航空飞行应用和航天飞行应用。
用于基体和/或电池壳体的其他材料为金属,尤其是为后续热处理而设置的钢、不锈钢、特种钢[CU2](Edelstaehle)或工具钢。可以用作特种钢的为例如X12CrMoS17、X5CrNi1810、XCrNiS189、X2CrNi1911、X12CrNi177、X5CrNiMo17-12-2、X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2、X6CrNiTi1810和X15CrNiSi25-20、X10CrNi1808、X2CrNiMo17-12-2、X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2。为了可以在激光焊接以及电阻焊接中提供特别好的可焊接性,作为用于基体和/或壳体部件(尤其是电池单元壳体)的材料,非常特别地使用根据欧洲标准(EN)材料编号(WNr.)为1.4301、1.4302、1.4303、1.4304、1.4305、1.4306、1.4307的特种钢,尤其是Cr-Ni-钢。作为标准钢可以使用St35、St37或St38。
根据本发明,导体所穿过的玻璃材料包含至少如下以摩尔%计的组分:
特别优选的是包含如下组分的组合物:
所说明的玻璃组合物为具有相比于现有技术公知的碱金属-磷酸盐玻璃明显更低的碱金属总含量的稳定的磷酸盐玻璃。
令人惊奇地表明,根据本发明的具有至多45摩尔%,尤其是至多35摩尔%的Li含量的玻璃组合物是结晶稳定的,即在随后的烧结步骤中不会出现干扰性的结晶。在此特别优选的是具有至多35摩尔%的Li2O的不出现明显结晶的玻璃组合物。
通过磷酸盐玻璃通常很高的结晶稳定性保证玻璃的熔化(Aufschmelzen)即使在小于600°C的温度下也不受妨碍。这使得大多数所说明的玻璃组合物可以用作用于与热敏材料和/或构件连接的玻璃焊料或熔化玻璃,因为玻璃组合物的熔牢即使在小于600°C的温度下通常也不受妨碍。
所说明的玻璃组合物的特征在于,玻璃材料具有如下极高的热膨胀α,其在20°C至300°C范围内处于大于14·10-6/Κ,尤其是大于15·10-6K[CU3],优选在15·10-6/Κ至25·10-6/Κ范围内并且进而在轻金属(例如铝)以及穿过玻璃材料的导体的通用材料(即铜)的热膨胀范围内。铝在室温下具有23×10-6/K的热膨胀α,而铜在室温下具有16.5×10-6/K的热膨胀α。
为了避免在封装(Einglasen)时基体的轻金属以及可能还有金属销的轻金属熔化或变形,玻璃材料与基体和/或导体材料的熔接温度低于基体或导体材料的熔化温度。所说明的玻璃组合物的熔接温度在350°C至650°C的范围内。熔接温度可以例如通过如在K.-J.Leers:Keram.Z.48(1996)300-305中或根据DIN51730、ISO540或CEN/TS15404和15370-1(其公开内容完全并入本申请中)所描述的半球温度来确定。半球温度的测量详细描述于DE102009011182A1,其公开内容完全并入本申请中。根据DE102009011182A1可以在显微方法中用热台显微镜来确定半球温度。半球温度表征最初为柱体形的样本体熔成半球状的质量块的温度。半球温度与约logη=4.6dPas的粘度相关联,如可以从相应的专业文献获得的那样。如果无结晶玻璃(例如以玻璃粉的形式)被熔牢并再次被冷却以使其强化,其通常也可以在相同的熔化温度下再次熔牢。对于与无结晶玻璃的接合连接而言,这意味着接合连接可以持久经受的操作温度不允许高于熔接温度。如之前所使用的玻璃组合物通常经常由玻璃粉制成,该玻璃粉被熔牢并且在热作用下与待连接的构件形成接合连接。熔接温度或熔化温度通常大约与玻璃的所谓半球温度的高度相应。具有很低的熔接温度或熔化温度的玻璃也被称为玻璃焊料。在这样的情况下,代替熔接温度或熔化温度而讨论钎焊温度或焊合温度。熔接温度或钎焊温度可以与半球温度偏差±20K。
导体到开口中的封装于是可以如下这样来进行:
首先将玻璃材料与销状导体一起引入基体中的开口中。然后将玻璃与导体(尤其是销状导体)一起加热至玻璃的熔接温度或半球温度,使得玻璃材料软化并在开口中包围导体(尤其是销状导体)并贴靠在基体上。由于基体和导体(尤其是销状导体)的材料的熔化温度高于玻璃材料的熔接温度,所以基体和销状导体以固体状态存在。玻璃材料的熔接温度优选比基体或销状导体的熔化温度低20至150K。例如如果使用熔点为TSCHMELZ=660.32°C的铝作为轻金属,玻璃材料的熔接温度或钎焊温度在350°C至640°C的范围内,优选在350°C至600°C的范围内,尤其优选在350°C至小于550°C的范围内,尤其是在450°C至小于550°C的范围内。除了轻金属例如铝或铝合金之外,也可以使用掺入Al的SiC基质作为用于基体的材料。这种材料也被称为AlSiC。AlSiC具有SiC芯,在该SiC芯中扩散有Al。通过Al的含量可以调节特性,尤其是膨胀系数。AlSiC尤其具有比纯铝更低的热膨胀。
可以用于基体和/或电池壳体的其他材料为例如镁或镁合金。对于基体而言,钛或钛合金也是可行的。金属,尤其钢、不锈钢、特种钢或工具钢也是可行的材料。
导体(尤其是销状导体)的材料可以与基体的材料相同,即例如铝、AlSiC、铝合金、镁或镁合金。其优点在于基体和金属销的膨胀系数相同。但是玻璃材料或玻璃陶瓷材料的膨胀系数α则仅须匹配于一种材料。此外,外导体可以包含如下材料,即特种钢或钢。为了在这种情况下提供压力玻璃穿通件,选择与α基体或α金属销不同的α玻璃。
对此备选地,销状导体可以包含铜、铜合金、CuSiC或镍铁合金、银、银合金、金、金合金、铜芯线,即具有铜芯的镍铁套以及钴铁合金作为材料。
作为用于导体的铝或铝合金,优选使用:
ENAW-1050A
ENAW-1350
ENAW-2014
ENAW-3003
ENAW-4032
ENAW-5019
ENAW-5056
ENAW-5083
ENAW-5556A
ENAW-6060
ENAW-6061。
作为用于导体的铜或铜合金,优选使用:
Cu-PHC2.0070
Cu-OF2.0070
Cu-ETP2.0065
Cu-HCP2.0070
Cu-DHP2.0090。
在基体和金属销具有不同材料的情况下,满足例如α基体≥α玻璃≥α金 属销。于是,材料的不同膨胀系数可以实现压力封装,其中,在玻璃材料和周围材料之间提供传力连接(kraftschlüssig)。
根据本发明的电池穿通件的特征不仅在于可以在低熔点基体中进行封装,尤其是压力封装,而且还在于提供相对于电池电解质的足够的耐受性。
通过本发明尤其提供了相对于无水的通常腐蚀性的电池电解质的足够的化学稳定性。无水电池电解质典型地由碳酸盐,尤其是碳酸盐混合物(例如碳酸亚乙酯或碳酸二甲酯的混合物)构成,其中,腐蚀性的无水电池电解质具有如下导电盐,例如1摩尔溶液形式的导电盐LiPF6。令人惊奇地,所说明的玻璃组合物除了在20°C-300°C范围内的大于14·10-6/K,尤其优选在15·10-6/K至25·10-6/K之间的高热膨胀系数α以及低熔接温度或半球温度之外,还具有相对于前面提到的固体电池电解质足够的耐受性。
用于电池穿通件的玻璃组合物优选具有嵌入玻璃结构中的Li。由于Li同样包含在例如锂离子存储装置所使用的电解质中,通过这种方式不会损害电池性能。
特别优选的是低钠或无钠的玻璃组合物,因为碱金属离子的扩散以Na+>K+>Cs+的顺序进行,并且因此低钠或无钠的玻璃相对于尤其是例如锂离子存储装置中所使用的电解质特别耐受。
根据本发明的组合物相对于电池电解质的耐受性可以通过如下方式来检验,即,将玻璃组合物研磨成粒度d50=10μm的玻璃粉的形式,并在电解质中暴露一段预定的时间,例如一周。d50表示玻璃粉的全部颗粒或粒子的50%小于或等于10μm的直径。作为无水电解质,例如使用由比例1:1的碳酸亚乙酯和碳酸二甲酯组成的具有摩尔的LiPF6作为导电盐的碳酸盐混合物。将玻璃粉暴露于电解质之后,可以过滤掉玻璃粉并针对电解质研究从玻璃中浸出的玻璃组成部分。在此表明,在根据本发明所使用的在所要求的组合物范围内的玻璃中,在20°C至300°C的温度范围内的大于14·10-6/K,尤其是在15·10-6/K至25·10-6/K之间的热膨胀α下,令人惊奇地仅存在小于20质量百分比的少量浸出,在特别情况下甚至达到小于5质量百分比的浸出。根据本发明的可以用于具有一个或多个尤其由铝或铝合金形成的销的电池穿通件的玻璃组合物的另一优点在于,玻璃与周围轻金属或(尤其是金属销的形式的)导体金属的熔接即使在为非保护性气体环境的气体环境下也是可行的。相比于目前的方法,Al熔接也不需要真空。具体而言,这种熔融即使在空气下也可以进行。对于两种熔融,可以使用N2或Ar作为保护气体。作为用于熔接的预处理,对金属进行清洗或蚀刻,必要时有针对性地进行氧化或涂层。在该过程中以0.1至30K/min的加热速度和1至60min的加热时间使用300°C至600°C之间的温度。
所说明的玻璃组合物令人意外地同时示出相对于优选无水电解质的高的化学稳定性以及高的热膨胀系数。这尤其令人意外,因为已经认为热膨胀系数越高,玻璃越不稳定。因此令人意外的是,尽管高膨胀系数和低熔接温度,所说明的玻璃组合物仍然具有足够的稳定性。
即使对于至多29摩尔%,尤其是至多20摩尔%的Na2O含量,也获得非常耐受的玻璃。
为了匹配膨胀,即为了调整膨胀系数,根据本发明所说明的玻璃组合物还可以加入填料。
为了使玻璃组合物可以红外加热,前面提到的玻璃可以加入在红外辐射(尤其是红外源的红外辐射)范围内具有放射峰值的掺杂物质。为此,示例性的材料为Fe、Cr、Mn、Co、V、颜料。通过红外辐射可以局部有针对性地加热这样进行预加工的玻璃材料。
通过本发明提供如下电池穿通件,该电池穿通件的特征在于相比于现有技术的穿通件(尤其是具有塑料作为密封材料的穿通件)具有高耐热性,尤其是耐热震性。此外,即使在温度变化或温度交变的情况下也可以提供密闭密封性,该密闭密封性防止液体尤其是电池液体可能溢出和/或防止湿气渗入壳体中。密闭密封性被理解为在1bar的压差下氦泄露速度小于1·10-8mbarls-1,优选小于1·10-9mbarls-1。
此外,电池穿通件具有尤其相对于无水电池电解质足够的化学耐受性。
蓄电池穿通件可以经受的预处理措施是酸洗。
除了穿通件之外,本发明根据第二方面也提供一种具有根据本发明的穿通件的电存储装置,尤其是电池,优选电池单元。壳体优选由与基体相同的材料(尤其是轻金属)构成。在电池单元的情况下,基体优选为电池壳体的一部分。电池优选为锂离子电池。
用于壳体或基体的材料同样优选为金属,例如钢、不锈钢、特种钢,优选轻金属,尤其是钛、钛合金、铝、铝合金、镁或镁合金,但不限于此。
在本申请中,轻金属材料被理解为具有小于5.0kg/dm3的比重的金属。尤其地,轻金属的比重在1.0kg/dm3至3.0kg/dm3范围内。
如果轻金属此外还用作用于导体(例如销状导体)或电极连接构件的材料,那么轻金属的特征还在于在5·106Sm-1至50·106Sm-1范围内的电导率。
此外,在使用在压力玻璃穿通件中的情况下,轻金属在20°C至300°C范围内的膨胀系数α在18·10-6/K至30·10-6/K的范围内。
轻金属通常具有350°C至800°C范围内的熔化温度。
电池优选具有尤其是在碳酸盐基底,优选碳酸盐混合物上的无水电解质。碳酸盐混合物可以包含碳酸亚乙酯与碳酸二甲酯和导电盐(例如LiPF6)的混合。
此外,本发明根据第三方面提供一种用于将金属导体穿通到存储装置的壳体中的玻璃材料,该玻璃材料包含如下以摩尔%计的组分:
特别优选的是一种用于将金属导体穿通到存储装置,优选电池,尤其是锂离子电池的壳体中的玻璃材料,该玻璃材料包含如下以摩尔%计的组分:
在优选的设计方案中,存储装置的金属导体为尤其可以包含铝、铝合金、铜或铜合金的轻金属。基体以及壳体同样也可以由轻金属,例如由铝或铝合金构成。
附图说明
下面应借助附图和实施例非限制性地描述本发明。
其中:
图1示出根据本发明的穿通件;
具体实施方式
在图1中示出根据本发明的穿通件1。穿通件1包含作为导体尤其是作为销状导体的金属销3,该金属销3优选由如下材料,例如铝或铝合金、铜合金或铜构成;并且包含作为基体5的金属件,该金属件根据本发明由低熔点金属,即轻金属,尤其是铝、铝合金、镁、镁合金、钛或钛合金构成。金属销3穿过贯穿金属件5的开口7。尽管仅示出了单个金属销穿过开口,但是也可以有多个金属销穿过开口,而不会偏离本发明。
开口7的外部轮廓可以优选构造为圆形,或也可以构造为椭圆形。开口7贯穿基体或金属件5的整个厚度D。金属销1在玻璃材料10中封装并在玻璃材料10中穿过贯穿基体5的开口7。在基体5中通过例如分离过程(优选冲压)引入开口7。为了提供金属销3穿过开口7的密闭穿通件,金属销3被封装在由根据本发明的玻璃材料构成的玻璃塞中。这种制造方式的主要优点在于,即使在玻璃塞上的负荷升高的情况下,例如在压力负荷下,仍然避免玻璃塞与金属销从开口7中被压出。根据本发明的玻璃材料与基体的熔接温度比基体5和/或导体,尤其是销状导体的材料的熔化温度低20K至100K。
下面在表1中说明了根据本发明的玻璃组合物的八个实施例,其与表2中的对比玻璃(VB1-VB9)对比示出。
表1:
实施例:
除了浸出之外也确定了各玻璃的耐水性。
耐水性试验如下这样进行,即,制造熔化变得低矮的玻璃[CU4](2×2cm,高度:~0.5cm),将其放置在25°C和70°C的200ml水中70小时。然后确定以重量%计的材料损失并在表中说明。
表1中的实施例1(AB1)尤其适合铝/铝封装[CU5],即将铝销作为导体封装到周围的铝基体中。
表1中的实施例6尤其适合铜/铝封装体,即将铜销作为导体封装到周围的铝基体中。
尽管其中一些实施例具有对于与Cu接合而言趋向于过低的膨胀系数,但显然高Li含量可以溶于熔物中,而不会使具有这种玻璃组成的玻璃变得不稳定。
实施例7和8(AB7和AB8)的特征在于它们包含Bi2O3例如代替如实施例6(AB6)中的PbO。
令人惊奇地表明,通过Bi2O3可以显著提高耐水性。在基本相同的碱金属含量下,通过引入1摩尔%的Bi2O3可以例如在实施例8(AB8)中实现相比于实施例1(AB1)高10倍的耐水性。这对于本领域技术人员来说是令人惊奇的。
Bi2O3也可以尤其代替根据实施例6(AB6)的PbO使用。由于铅是不环保的,尤其优选除了杂质之外不含PbO的玻璃组合物,即可以在其中加入0摩尔%的PbO。在本申请中,“除了杂质之外”表示玻璃中包含例如小于各自物质的100ppm,优选小于10ppm,尤其小于1ppm的铅。
在接下来的表2中说明了与前面提到的根据本发明的实施例AB1和AB8相比研究的常规玻璃组合物(VB1-VB9)。
表1和表2中说明了以摩尔%计的组合物,转变温度Tg(例如在“SchottGuidetoGlass,第2版,1996,Chapman&Hall,第18-21页”中定义),以质量百分比(质量%)计的总浸出,以10-6K-1计的在20°C-300°C范围内的膨胀系数α以及以g/cm3计的密度。如在开头部分所描述的那样,总浸出被确定,即将玻璃组合物研磨成粒度d50=10μm的玻璃粉,暴露于如下电解质下一周,该电解质由比例1:1的碳酸亚乙酯/碳酸二甲酯组成并且具有溶于其中的1摩尔的LiPF6作为导电盐,并且在这段时间之后针对由比例1:1的碳酸亚乙酯/碳酸二甲酯组成并且具有溶于其中的1摩尔的LiPF6作为导电盐的电解质研究从玻璃中浸出的玻璃组成部分。表1中的n.b.表示未知的特性。
表2:对比实施例
表2中说明的对比实施例VB1、VB2和VB6示出相比于根据实施例AB1-AB8的组合物过高的转变温度Tg和过低的热膨胀系数α。对比实施例VB3,虽然具有足够的低Tg和在20°C-300°C范围内的较好(但是不足)的膨胀系数α,但是具有相对于电池电解质的高的不稳定性。对比实施例VB4具有有利的Tg,但是耐受性和膨胀系数α不足。对比实施例VB5具有出色的耐受性和令人满意的Tg,但是膨胀系数α不足。
令人惊奇地,根据表1的实施例AB1至AB8在根据权利要求1的根据本发明的组合物范围内示出根据本发明地高的膨胀系数α、低Tg和高化学耐受性。因此,根据本发明的玻璃组合物提供用于电池穿通件的熔接玻璃或熔化玻璃或焊料玻璃,其具有很低的处理温度、低于轻金属(尤其是铝)的熔点的熔接温度、相对于电池电解质出色的耐受性和高的膨胀系数α。
通过本发明首次提供用于优选锂离子电池的壳体,尤其是电池单元壳体的穿通件,该穿通件适合用于由轻金属,尤其是铝(Al)、铝合金、镁、镁合金、钛或钛合金构成的电池单元壳体的壳体部件中。然而,作为电池单元壳体的材料,钢或特种钢,尤其是不锈钢也是可行的。在该情况下,相应地选出并匹配含铜的销状导体和必要时基体的材料。
通过根据本发明的穿通构件可以提供电池壳体,相对于容易裂开的塑料穿通件,该电池壳体即使在电池壳体变形的情况下仍然密闭密封。由此,在带有具有根据本发明的穿通件的电池壳体的电池中,尤其在交通事故中提供很高的耐水性。这尤其对于在汽车领域中的电池,优选锂离子电池的使用具有重大意义。
Claims (67)
1.一种穿通件,所述穿通件具有至少一个基体,所述基体具有至少一个开口,至少一个导体穿过所述开口在玻璃材料中穿过,其中,
所述玻璃材料包含如下以摩尔%计的组分:
其中M是K、Cs或Rb,
并且所述玻璃材料除了杂质之外不含PbO。
2.根据权利要求1所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述导体是呈销状的导体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述穿通件是用于锂离子电池的电池穿通件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述锂离子电池是锂离子蓄电池。
5.根据权利要求1所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述基体包含低熔点材料、钛、钛合金或钢。
6.根据权利要求5所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述低熔点材料是轻金属、AlSiC、铝合金或镁合金。
7.根据权利要求5所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述钢是特种钢或工具钢。
8.根据权利要求1所述的穿通件,其特征在于,
所述玻璃材料包含如下以摩尔%计的组分:
其中M是K、Cs或Rb
并且所述玻璃材料除了杂质之外不含PbO。
9.根据权利要求1所述的穿通件,其特征在于,
所述玻璃材料包含如下以摩尔%计的组分:
其中M是K、Cs或Rb
并且所述玻璃材料除了杂质之外不含PbO。
10.根据权利要求1所述的穿通件,其特征在于,
所述玻璃材料包含如下以摩尔%计的组分:
并且所述玻璃材料除了杂质之外不含PbO。
11.根据权利要求1所述的穿通件,其特征在于,
所述玻璃材料包含如下以摩尔%计的组分:
其中M是K、Cs或Rb
并且所述玻璃材料除了杂质之外不含PbO。
12.根据权利要求1所述的穿通件,其特征在于,
所述玻璃材料包含如下以摩尔%计的组分:
其中M是K、Cs或Rb
并且所述玻璃材料除了杂质之外不含PbO。
13.根据权利要求1所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述玻璃材料包含如下以摩尔%计的组分:
14.根据权利要求13所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述玻璃材料包含如下以摩尔%计的组分:
15.根据权利要求1或13所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述导体包含金属。
16.根据权利要求15所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述导体是呈销状的导体。
17.根据权利要求15所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述导体包含铜、CuSiC、铝、AlSiC、镁、银、金、铝合金、镁合金、铜合金、银合金、金合金或镍铁合金。
18.根据权利要求1或13所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述玻璃材料具有在20℃至300℃范围内的大于14·10-6/K的膨胀系数α。
19.根据权利要求18所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述玻璃材料具有在20℃至300℃范围内具有在15·10-6/K至25·10-6/K范围内的膨胀系数α。
20.根据权利要求1或13所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述玻璃材料包含在红外辐射范围内具有放射峰值的添加物质。
21.根据权利要求20所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述添加物质是Fe、Cr、Co或V。
22.根据权利要求1或13所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述玻璃材料在标准大气下能与基体和/或导体熔接。
23.根据权利要求1或13所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述基体为Al基体,所述导体为由Al构成的导体,Al基体能与由Al构成的导体焊合。
24.根据权利要求1或13所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述玻璃材料相对于无水电池电解质具有高的化学耐受性。
25.根据权利要求1或13所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述玻璃材料相对于碳酸盐具有高的化学耐受性。
26.根据权利要求1或13所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述玻璃材料相对于具有包含LiPF6的导电盐的碳酸盐混合物具有高的化学耐受性。
27.根据权利要求6所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述轻金属是铝或镁。
28.根据权利要求5所述的穿通件,其特征在于,所述钢是不锈钢。
29.一种具有根据权利要求1至28任一项所述的穿通件的存储装置。
30.根据权利要求29所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述存储装置是电池。
31.根据权利要求30所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述电池是锂离子电池。
32.根据权利要求31所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述锂离子电池是锂离子蓄电池。
33.根据权利要求29所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述存储装置包含无水电解质。
34.根据权利要求33所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述存储装置是电池。
35.根据权利要求33所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述存储装置包含碳酸盐。
36.根据权利要求33所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述存储装置包含碳酸亚乙酯和碳酸二甲酯的碳酸盐混合物。
37.根据权利要求36所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述碳酸盐混合物具有为LiPF6形式的导电盐。
38.根据权利要求29至37任一项所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述存储装置具有容纳所述穿通件的壳体。
39.根据权利要求38所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述壳体是电池壳体。
40.根据权利要求29至37任一项所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述基体包含金属。
41.根据权利要求29至37任一项所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述基体包含铝、AlSiC、铝合金、镁、镁合金、钛或钛合金。
42.根据权利要求38所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述壳体包含金属。
43.根据权利要求38所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述基体包含铝、AlSiC、铝合金、镁、镁合金、钛或钛合金。
44.根据权利要求29至37任一项所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述基体包含特种钢。
45.根据权利要求29至37任一项所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述基体包含钢。
46.根据权利要求29至37任一项所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述基体包含不锈钢。
47.根据权利要求29至37任一项所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述基体包含轻金属。
48.根据权利要求38所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述壳体包含特种钢。
49.根据权利要求38所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述壳体包含钢。
50.根据权利要求38所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述壳体包含不锈钢。
51.根据权利要求38所述的存储装置,其特征在于,所述壳体包含轻金属。
52.一种玻璃组合物用于将导体穿通到电池的壳体中的用途,所述玻璃组合物包含如下以摩尔%计的组分:
其中M是K、Cs或Rb
并且所述玻璃组合物除了杂质之外不含PbO,
其中,所述电池包含无水电解质。
53.根据权利要求52所述的用途,其中,所述电池是锂离子电池。
54.根据权利要求53所述的用途,其中,所述锂离子电池是锂离子蓄电池。
55.根据权利要求52所述的用途,其中,所述无水电解质是碳酸盐。
56.根据权利要求52所述的用途,其中,所述无水电解质是具有为LiPF6的导电盐的碳酸盐混合物。
57.根据权利要求53所述的用途,其中,所述玻璃组合物包含如下以摩尔%计的组分:
其中M是K、Cs或Rb
并且所述玻璃组合物除了杂质之外不含PbO
其中,所述电池包含无水电解质。
58.根据权利要求52所述的用途,其中,所述玻璃组合物包含如下以摩尔%计的组分:
其中M是K、Cs或Rb
并且所述玻璃组合物除了杂质之外不含PbO
其中,所述电池包含无水电解质。
59.根据权利要求52所述的用途,其特征在于,所述玻璃组合物包含:
60.根据权利要求52所述的用途,其特征在于,所述玻璃组合物包含:
61.根据权利要求52或59所述的用途,其特征在于,所述导体包含金属。
62.根据权利要求52或59所述的用途,其特征在于,所述导体包含铝、AlSiC、铜、CuSiC、镁、银、金、铝合金、镁合金、铜合金、银合金、金合金或镍铁合金。
63.根据权利要求52至60中任意一项所述的用途,其特征在于,玻璃组合物与销状导体一起被引入到基体中的开口中,其中所述基体包含轻金属。
64.根据权利要求52至60中任意一项所述的用途,其特征在于,玻璃组合物与销状导体一起被引入到基体中的开口中,其中所述基体包含铝、AlSiC、铝合金、镁、镁合金、钛或钛合金。
65.根据权利要求52至60中任意一项所述的用途,其特征在于,玻璃组合物与销状导体一起被引入到基体中的开口中,其中所述基体包含特种钢。
66.根据权利要求52至60中任意一项所述的用途,其特征在于,玻璃组合物与销状导体一起被引入到基体中的开口中,其中所述基体包含钢。
67.根据权利要求52至60中任意一项所述的用途,其特征在于,玻璃组合物与销状导体一起被引入到基体中的开口中,其中所述基体包含不锈钢。
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