CN102153543B - 用作抗血管发生剂的喹唑啉衍生物的马来酸盐 - Google Patents
用作抗血管发生剂的喹唑啉衍生物的马来酸盐 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102153543B CN102153543B CN2011100351254A CN201110035125A CN102153543B CN 102153543 B CN102153543 B CN 102153543B CN 2011100351254 A CN2011100351254 A CN 2011100351254A CN 201110035125 A CN201110035125 A CN 201110035125A CN 102153543 B CN102153543 B CN 102153543B
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- maleate
- salt
- ray powder
- powder diffraction
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Abstract
本发明涉及AZD2171马来酸盐,涉及AZD2171马来酸盐的特定结晶形式,涉及它们的制备方法,涉及含有它们作为活性成分的药物组合物,涉及它们在生产用于在温血动物如人中产生抗血管发生和/或血管渗透性减小效应的药物的用途,还涉及它们用于治疗与血管发生和/或增加的血管渗透性有关的疾病状态的方法的用途。
Description
本申请是申请号为200480038665.6(国际申请号为PCT/GB2004/005359)、申请日为2004年12月18日、发明名称为“用作抗血管发生剂的喹唑啉衍生物的马来酸盐”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及AZD2171马来酸盐,涉及AZD2171马来酸盐的特定结晶形式,涉及它们的制备方法,涉及含有它们作为活性成分的药物组合物,涉及它们在生产用于在温血动物如人中产生抗血管发生和/或血管渗透性减小效应的药物的用途,还涉及它们用于治疗与血管发生和/或增加的血管渗透性有关的疾病状态的方法的用途。
背景技术
正常的血管发生在多种过程中起重要作用,所述过程包括胚胎发育、伤口愈合和女性生殖功能的一些组成部分。不希望的或者病理性血管发生与疾病状态有关,所述疾病状态包括糖尿病性视网膜病、牛皮癣、癌症、类风湿性关节炎、粉瘤、卡波西肉瘤和血管瘤(Fan等,1995,Trends Pharmacol.Sci.16:57-66;Folkman,1995,Nature Medicine 1:27-31)。血管渗透性的改变被认为在正常的和病理性生理过程中起作用(Cullinan-Bove等,1993,Endocrinology 133:829-837;Senger等,1993,Cancer and Metastasis Reviews,12:303-324)。已经鉴定了具有体外内皮细胞生长促进活性的一些多肽,它们包括酸性和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(aFGF & bFGF)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)。由于它的受体的受限的表达,VEGF的生长因子活性与FGF的相比,对于内皮细胞是相对特异的。最近的证据表明VEGF是正常的和病理性血管发生(Jakeman等,1993,Endocrinology,133:848-859;Kolch等,1995,Breast Cancer Research and Treatment,36:139-155)和血管渗透性(Connolly等,1989,J.Biol.Chem.264:20017-20024)的重要刺激剂。用抗体螯合VEGF拮抗 VEGF的作用可以引起肿瘤生长的抑制(Kim等,1993,Nature 362:841-844)。
受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)在生化信号穿过细胞的质膜传输中是重要的。这些跨膜分子特征性地由质膜中的片段将细胞外配体结合结构域连接到细胞内酪氨酸激酶结构域而组成。配体与受体的结合导致受体相关的酪氨酸激酶活性的激活,其导致受体和其他细胞内分子上酪氨酸残基的磷酸化。酪氨酸磷酸化中的这些改变引起信号级联,导致多种细胞应答。迄今为止,已经鉴定了通过氨基酸序列同源性定义的至少19种不同的RTK亚家族。这些亚家族之一当前包括fms-样酪氨酸激酶受体、Flt-1、含有激酶插入结构域的受体、KDR(也称作Flk-1),和另一种fms-样酪氨酸激酶受体Flt-4。已经表明这些相关的RTKs中的两种,Flt-1和KDR,以高亲和力结合VEGF(De Vries等,1992,Science 255:989-991;Terman等,1992,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Comm.1992,187:1579-1586)。VEGF对异源细胞中表达的这些受体的结合已经与细胞蛋白质和钙通量(calcium fluxes)中酪氨酸磷酸化状态的改变有关。
VEGF是血管生成和血管发生的关键刺激物。该细胞因子通过诱导内皮细胞增殖、蛋白酶表达和迁移以及随后的细胞组织以形成毛细管而诱导血管芽生式表型(sprouting phenotype)(Keck,P.J.,Hauser,S.D.,Krivi,G.,Sanzo,K.,Warren,T.,Feder,J.,和Connolly,D.T.,Science(Washington DC),246:1309-1312,1989;Lamoreaux,W.J.,Fitzgerald,M.E.,Reiner,A.,Hasty,K.A.,和Charles,S.T.,Microvasc.Res.,55:29-42,1998;Pepper,M.S.,Montesano,R.,Mandroita,S.J.,Orci,L.和Vassalli,J.D.,Enzyme Protein,49:138-162,1996.)。此外,VEGF引起明显的血管渗透性(Dvorak,H.F.,Detmar,M.,Claffey,K.P.,Nagy,J.A.,van de Water,L.,和Senger,D.R.,(Int.Arch.Allergy Immunol.,107:233-235,1995;Bates,D.O.,Heald,R.I.,Curry,F.E.and Williams,B.J.Physiol.(Lond.),533:263-272,2001),促进超渗透的、不成熟的血管网络的形成(其是病理性血管发生特征性的)。
已经表明仅KDR的激活就足够促进对VEGF的所有主要表型应答,包括内皮细胞增殖、迁移和存活,和血管渗透性的诱导(Meyer,M.,Clauss,M.,Lepple-Wienhues,A.,Waltenberger,J.,Augustin,H.G.,Ziche,M.,Lanz,C.,Büttner,M.,Rziha,H-J.,和Dehio,C.,EMBO J.,18:363-374, 1999;Zeng,H.,Sanyal,S.和Mukhopadhyay,D.,J.Biol.Chem.,276:32714-32719,2001;Gille,H.,Kowalski,J.,Li,B.,LeCouter,J.,Moffat,B,Zioncheck,T.F.,Pelletier,N.和Ferrara,N.,J.Biol.Chem.,276:3222-3230,2001)。
抑制VEGF的效应的化合物在治疗与血管发生和/或增加的血管渗透性有关的疾病状态中是有价值的,所述疾病状态为诸如癌症(包括白血病、多发性骨髓瘤和淋巴瘤)、糖尿病、牛皮癣、类风湿性关节炎、卡波西肉瘤、血管瘤、急性和慢性肾病、粉瘤、动脉再狭窄、自身免疫病、急性炎症、过度瘢痕形成和粘连、子宫内膜异位、淋巴管性水肿、功能障碍性子宫出血和具有视网膜血管增生的眼病,包括黄斑变性。
在WO 00/47212中描述了喹唑啉衍生物,它们是VEGF受体酪氨酸激酶的抑制剂。化合物AZD2171在WO 00/47212中作为实例(见实施例240),是式I的4-((4-氟-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)氧基)-6-甲氧基-7-(3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙氧基)喹唑啉:
AZD2171在WO 00/47212和下文描述的体外(a)酶和(b)HUVEC测定中显示出极好的活性。酶测定中抑制分离的KDR(VEGFR-2)和Flt-1(VEGFR-1)酪氨酸激酶活性的AZD2171 IC50值分别是<2nM和5±2nM。AZD2171强烈抑制VEGF-刺激的内皮细胞增殖(HUVEC测定中0.4±0.2nM的IC50值),但是在>1250倍的更大浓度下没有测到其抑制基底内皮细胞增殖(IC50值>500nM)。分别用1.5、3和6mg/kg/天AZD2171每天一次口服治疗28天后下文中描述的体内(c)实体瘤模型中Calu-6肿瘤异种移植物的生长分别被抑制49%**、69%***和91%***(P**<0.01,P***<0.0001;单尾t检验)。
药学活性化合物的更稳定形式,例如,更稳定的结晶形式为制剂和在商业规模上加工所优选。这是因为所用形式的稳定性越大,在配制步骤如压缩过程中它转化成另一种形式的危险越低。这又提供了最终制剂 的性质,如片剂的溶解速率、活性成分的生物利用率的更好的预测性。使用活性成分的更稳定形式使对制剂的物理形式进行更强的控制成为可能。
发明内容
AZD2171游离碱(4-((4-氟-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)氧基)-6-甲氧基-7-(3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙氧基)喹唑啉)是环境条件下的结晶一水合物。根据下文描述的方法进行差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析,该分析显示其由于损失水和熔解而导致的95°到170℃之间很宽的吸热(图1)。热重分析法(TGA)分析(下文给出细节)显示在80℃到115℃重量损失4.02%(图1)。Karl Fischer水分析(下文给出细节)得到3.9%的数字,提示所有重量损失都是由于失水。
应理解DSC的起始/峰温度值可以在一台机器与另一台机器或者在一个样品到另一个样品之间稍微不同,因此所引用的值不应理解为是绝对的。
AZD2171游离碱的特征是提供了使用CuKa辐射测量的下面的2θ值的至少一个:18.3和20.8。AZD2171游离碱的特征是提供了如图2中X射线粉末衍射图。10个最突出的峰在表1中显示。
表1:AZD2171游离碱的10个最突出的X射线粉末衍射峰
角度2-Theta(2θ) | 强度计数 | 相对强度 |
18.287 | 100 | vs |
20.807 | 66.7 | vs |
27.277 | 48.9 | vs |
23.370 | 42.8 | vs |
14.684 | 39.8 | vs |
25.070 | 37.6 | vs |
13.966 | 32.2 | vs |
21.711 | 26.6 | vs |
22.898 | 23.1 | vs |
26.790 | 22.9 | vs |
vs=非常强
已经发现当AZD2171游离碱的样品脱水时,例如,加热到100℃时,样品变得无定形(图3)并且之后不再水合而是保持无定形。如果要将AZD2171游离碱配制成药物组合物,那么这将是有问题的,因为AZD2171游离碱在某些过程如颗粒大小减小(如碾磨)、批量药物干燥、配制、生产期间可以脱水。为了将AZD2171游离碱配制成药物组合物,将必须在某点减小颗粒大小,并且这将具有脱水的危险并且因此具有形成无定形物质的危险。通过将AZD2171游离碱一水合物的样品通过微粉化进行颗粒减小然后对其进行分析以寻找无定形材料,对该问题进行了研究。图4表明在AZD2171游离碱的颗粒大小减小期间确实形成无定形材料。这通过峰的增宽和无定形“隆起”的形成来证明-见图4。AZD2171游离碱的无定形或者半-无定形形式可以引起生产问题和不可再现的生物利用率。
AZD2171的备选形式、与游离碱不同并且具有改进的固态性质的形式的鉴定是本发明的主题。
不同形式的一个实例是AZD2171的盐。在WO 00/47212中声称其中的发明化合物的可药用盐可以包括该发明化合物的酸加成盐,所述化合物足够碱性而形成此类盐。此类酸加成盐据说包括与提供药学上可接受的阴离子的无机酸或有机酸的盐,所述酸为诸如卤化氢,特别是氢氯酸或氢溴酸,或者硫酸或磷酸,或者三氟乙酸、柠檬酸或者马来酸。此外,WO 00/47212还宣称当其中的发明化合物足够酸性时,可以与提供药学上可接受的阳离子的无机或有机碱形成可药用盐。据说此类与无机或者有机碱的盐包括碱金属盐,如钠盐或钾盐,碱土金属盐,如钙盐或镁盐,铵盐或者例如,与甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、哌啶、吗啉或者三-(2-羟基乙基)胺形成的盐。
WO 00/47212中的优选盐是盐酸盐和氢溴酸盐,特别是盐酸盐。
在WO 00/47212中没有任何地方陈述其中的特定化合物的特定盐将具有令人惊奇的有益性质。
出乎意外并且令人惊奇地,我们现在发现AZD2171的马来酸盐是AZD2171的有利的稳定形式,其比游离碱和已经测试的其他盐具有改进的固态性质。
AZD2171马来酸盐是容易结晶的、是高度结晶的、非吸湿的并且具有药物与平衡离子(counter ion)1∶1的可再现的化学剂量比。
从而,AZD2171马来酸盐是容易结晶的、是高度结晶的、非吸湿的并且具有药物与平衡离子1∶1的可再现的化学剂量比。
附图说明
图1:AZD2171游离碱一水合物的DSC和TGA差示热分析图-在水平轴上标绘温度(℃),纵轴上为热流/%重量损失。
图2:AZD2171游离碱的X射线粉末衍射图-在水平轴上标绘2θ值,纵轴上标绘相对线强度(计数)。
图3:加热到100℃的AZD2171游离碱的X射线粉末衍射图-在水平轴上标绘2θ值,纵轴上标绘相对线强度(计数)。
图4:微粉化的AZD2171游离碱的X射线粉末衍射图-在水平轴上标绘2θ值,纵轴上标绘相对线强度(计数)。
图5:AZD2171马来酸盐形式A的X射线粉末衍射图-在水平轴上标绘2θ值,纵轴上标绘相对线强度(计数)。
图6:AZD2171马来酸盐形式A的DSC差示热分析图-在水平轴上标绘温度(℃),纵轴上标绘吸热热流(毫瓦(mW))。
图7:25℃下AZD2171马来酸盐形式A蒸汽吸收等温线-在水平轴上标绘目的相对适度(RH)(%),在纵轴上标绘干质量的改变(%)。
图8:AZD2171马来酸盐形式B的X射线粉末衍射图-在水平轴上标绘2θ值,纵轴上标绘相对线强度(计数)。
图9:AZD2171马来酸盐形式B的DSC差示热分析图-在水平轴上标绘温度(℃),纵轴上标绘吸热热流(毫瓦(mW))。
图10:AZD2171马来酸盐浆液实验的X射线粉末衍射图-在水平轴上标绘2θ值,纵轴上标绘相对线强度(计数)。
具体实施方式
制备了AZD2171的一些盐并且发现有七种是结晶的:丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、延胡索酸盐、马来酸盐、酒石酸盐、己二酸盐和苹果酸盐。测试了这7种盐的固态性质并且在表2中显示了结果:
表2:AZD2171盐的性质
a药物:平衡离子化学计量来自1H NMR谱数据
b80%相对湿度(RH)下的水分含量。水合证据来自蒸汽吸收研究(观察到的滞后现象和水的吸收)或者热重分析法(TGA)
c来自差示扫描量热法(DSC)差示热分析图的多形现象的证据。术语“非吸湿的”指在80%RH下吸收<1%水分。
AZD2171马来酸盐令人惊奇地好于其他盐,因为在可能结晶的这7种盐中,发现AZD2171马来酸盐是唯一的非吸湿性盐,是高度结晶的并且具有药物与平衡离子为1∶1的可再现的化学计量比。
从而发现AZD2171马来酸盐是唯一的非吸湿性盐,是高度结晶的并且具有药物与平衡离子为1∶1的可再现的化学计量比。
AZD2171马来酸盐基本上没有无定形物质并且可以预期比AZD2171游离碱更容易配制并且提供了更容易再现的给药结果。“基本上无无定形物质”指无定形物质的量小于10%,优选小于5%,更优选小于2%。
AZD2171马来酸盐是非吸湿的,其将防止或者减少与在诸如微粉化的步骤期间活性成分的重量改变有关的问题。
根据本发明,提供了AZD2171的马来酸盐。
AZD2171马来酸盐具有两种结晶形式A和B。
根据本发明,提供了第一种结晶形式:形式A的AZD2171的马来酸盐。
AZD2171马来酸盐形式A的特征是使用CuKa辐射时提供下面的2θ值的至少一个:21.5和16.4。AZD2171马来酸盐形式A的特征是提供基本如图5中所示的X射线粉末衍射图。10个最突出的峰在表3中显示:
表3
AZD2171马来酸盐形式A的10个最突出的X射线粉末衍射峰
角度2-Theta(2θ) | 强度计数 | 相对强度 |
21.522 | 100 | vs |
16.366 | 78.3 | vs |
24.381 | 73.7 | vs |
20.721 | 71.7 | vs |
25.025 | 71.5 | vs |
16.921 | 55.5 | vs |
12.085 | 44.1 | vs |
22.177 | 42.2 | vs |
17.444 | 40.7 | vs |
17.627 | 39.1 | vs |
vs=非常强
根据本发明,提供了第一种结晶形式:形式A的AZD2171的马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在约2-theta=21.5°处有至少一个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第一种结晶形式:形式A的AZD2171的马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在约2-theta=16.4°处有至少一个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第一种结晶形式:形式A的AZD2171的马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在约2-theta=21.5°和16.4°处有至少两个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第一种结晶形式:形式A的AZD2171的马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在约2-theta=21.5,16.4,24.4、20.7、25.0、16.9、12.1、22.2、17.4和17.6°处有特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第一种结晶形式:形式A的AZD2171的马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图与图5中所示的X-射线粉末衍射图基本上相同。
根据本发明,提供了第一种结晶形式:形式A的AZD2171的马 来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在约2-theta=21.5°±0.5°2-theta处有至少一个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第一种结晶形式:形式A的AZD2171的马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在约2-theta=16.4°±0.5°2-theta处有至少一个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第一种结晶形式:形式A的AZD2171的马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在2-theta=21.5°和16.4°处有至少两个特定峰,其中所述值可以是±0.5°2-theta。
根据本发明,提供了第一种结晶形式:形式A的AZD2171的马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在约2-theta=21.5,16.4,24.4、20.7、25.0、16.9、12.1、22.2、17.4和17.6°处有特定峰,其中所述值可以是±0.5°2-theta。
根据本发明,提供了第一种结晶形式:形式A的AZD2171的马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在2-theta=21.5°有至少一个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第一种结晶形式:形式A的AZD2171的马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在2-theta=16.4°有至少一个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第一种结晶形式:形式A的AZD2171的马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在2-theta=21.5°和16.4°处有至少两个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第一种结晶形式:形式A的AZD2171的马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在2-theta=21.5、16.4、24.4、20.7、25.0、16.9、12.1、22.2、17.4和17.6°处有特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第一种结晶形式:形式A的AZD2171的马来酸盐,其中所述盐具有如图5中所示的X-射线粉末衍射图。
DSC分析表明AZD2171马来酸盐形式A是高熔点固体,在198.3℃开始熔解,峰值为200.08℃(图6)。
从而DSC分析表明AZD2171马来酸盐形式A是高熔点固体,在约198.3℃开始熔解,峰值为约200.08℃。
根据本发明,提供了第二种结晶形式:形式B的AZD2171马来酸盐。
AZD2171马来酸盐形式B的特征是使用CuKa辐射时提供下面的2θ值的至少一个:24.2和22.7。AZD2171马来酸盐形式B的特征是提供基本如图8中所示的X射线粉末衍射图。10个最突出的峰在表4中显示:
表4
AZD2171马来酸盐形式B的10个最突出的X射线粉末衍射峰
角度2-Theta(2θ) | 强度计数 | 相对强度 |
24.156 | 100 | vs |
22.740 | 84.3 | vs |
15.705 | 64.0 | vs |
11.995 | 63.7 | vs |
27.087 | 60.9 | vs |
25.032 | 56.8 | vs |
17.724 | 37.7 | vs |
15.044 | 35.4 | vs |
23.102 | 34.5 | vs |
12.625 | 34.2 | vs |
vs=非常强烈
根据本发明,提供了第二种结晶形式:形式B的AZD2171马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在约2-theta=24.2°处有至少一个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第二种结晶形式:形式B的AZD2171马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在约2-theta=22.7°处有至少一个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第二种结晶形式:形式B的AZD2171马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在约2-theta=24.2°和22.7°处有至少两个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第二种结晶形式:形式B的AZD2171马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在约2-theta=24.2、22.7、15.7、12.0、27.1、25.0、17.7、15.0、23.1和12.6°处有特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第二种结晶形式:形式B的AZD2171马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图与图8中显示的X-射线粉末 衍射图基本相同。
根据本发明,提供了第二种结晶形式:形式B的AZD2171马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在2-theta=24.2°±0.5°2-theta处有至少一个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第二种结晶形式:形式B的AZD2171马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在2-theta=22.7°±0.5°2-theta处有至少一个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第二种结晶形式:形式B的AZD2171马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在2-theta=24.2°和22.7°处有至少两个特定峰,其中所述值可以是±0.5°2-theta。
根据本发明,提供了第二种结晶形式:形式B的AZD2171马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在2-theta=24.2、22.7、15.7、12.0、27.1、25.0、17.7、15.0、23.1和12.6°处有特定峰,其中所述值可以是±0.5°2-theta。
根据本发明,提供了第二种结晶形式:形式B的AZD2171马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在2-theta=24.2°处有至少一个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第二种结晶形式:形式B的AZD2171马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在2-theta=22.7°处有至少一个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第二种结晶形式:形式B的AZD2171马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在2-theta=24.2°和22.7°处有至少两个特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第二种结晶形式:形式B的AZD2171马来酸盐,其中所述盐的X-射线粉末衍射图在2-theta=24.2、22.7、15.7、12.0、27.1、25.0、17.7、15.0、23.1和12.6°处有特定峰。
根据本发明,提供了第二种结晶形式:形式B的AZD2171马来酸盐,其中所述盐具有如图8中所示的X-射线粉末衍射图。
DSC分析表明AZD2171马来酸盐形式B是高熔点固体,在194.43℃开始熔解,峰值为195.97℃(图9)。
从而DSC分析表明AZD2171马来酸盐形式B是高熔点固体,在约194.43℃开始熔解,峰值为约195.97℃。
形式B相对形式A是亚稳定的(meta-stable)(形式B的熔点和熔解热低于形式A的)。形式A是热力学更稳定的形式。形式A和B的混合物当在40℃的甲醇中搅拌4天时形成形式A(图10)。
形式A比形式B优选。
AZD2171马来酸盐是非吸湿的,在80%相对湿度下吸收<1%水分(图7)。
在实施例中马来酸盐制备后给出NMR细节,其显示1∶1比例的化学计量数据。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了AZD2171的马来酸氢盐。可以通过向一摩尔AZD2171游离碱加入两摩尔马来酸形成马来酸氢盐。
当陈述本发明涉及AZD2171游离碱的结晶形式,或者AZD2171马来酸盐形式A或AZD2171马来酸盐形式B时,结晶度有利的是大于约60%,更有利的是大于约80%,优选大于约90%,更优选大于约95%。最优选地,结晶度大于约98%。
AZD2171马来酸盐形式A和B分别提供了与图5和8中所示X射线粉末衍射图基本上相同的X射线粉末衍射图并且分别具有图3和图4中基本上10个最突出的峰(角度2-theta值)。应理解X射线粉末衍射图的2-theta值可以随一个机器与另一机器和一个样品与另一样品而稍微不同,并且因此所引用的值不应被理解成绝对的。
已知可以得到这样的X射线粉末衍射图,其取决于测量条件(如所用的设备和机器)而具有一个或多个测量误差。具体地,通常已知X射线粉末衍射图中的强度可以随测量条件波动。因此,应理解本发明的AZD2171马来酸盐形式不限于提供与图5和8中所示X射线粉末衍射图相同的X射线粉末衍射图的晶体,并且提供与图5和8中所示X射线粉末衍射图基本相同的X射线粉末衍射图的任何晶体都在本发明范围内。X射线粉末衍射领域的技术人员能够判断X射线粉末衍射图的基本相同性。
X射线粉末衍射领域的技术人员会认识到峰的相对强度可以受到例如大小大于30微米的颗粒和非单一纵横比的影响,其可以影响样品的分析。技术人员还将认识到反射的位置可以受到样品在衍射仪中的精确高度和衍射仪的零校准的影响。样品的表面平面性也可以具有小的影响。因此,不应该将所给出的衍射图数据认为是绝对值 (Jenkins,R & Snyder,R.L.‘Introduction to X-Ray Powder Diffractometry’John Wiley & Sons 1996;Bunn,C.W.(1948),Chemical Crystallography,Clarendon Press,London;Klug,H.P.&Alexander,L.E.(1974),X-Ray Diffraction Procedures)。
通常,X射线粉末衍射图的衍射角的测量误差为约5%或更小,尤其±0.5°2-theta,并且当考虑图2、3、4、5、8和10中的X射线粉末衍射图和读表1、3和4时,应考虑这种测量误差程度。此外,应该理解强度可以依赖实验条件和样品制备(优选的定向)而波动。
为了避免不确定,术语如“AZD2171马来酸盐”和“AZD2171的马来酸盐”指AZD2171马来酸盐的每一种形式,而“AZD2171马来酸盐形式A”指称作形式A的特定结晶形式并且“AZD2171马来酸盐形式B”指称作形式B的特定结晶形式。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了药物组合物,其包含与可药用赋形剂或载体结合的如上文定义的AZD2171马来酸盐。
组合物可以为适于经口施用(例如,作为片剂、糖锭、硬胶囊或软胶囊、水性或油性混悬剂、乳剂、可分散的粉剂或者粒剂、糖浆剂或者酏剂),适于通过吸入施用(例如,作为细分的粉剂或者液体气溶胶),适于通过吹入施用(例如,作为细分的粉剂),适于肠胃外注射(例如,作为用于静脉内、皮下、肌内、血管内或者输注给药的无菌溶液剂、混悬剂或者乳剂),适于局部施用(例如,作为霜剂、软膏剂、凝胶剂或者水性或油性溶液剂或混悬剂),或者适于直肠施用(例如,作为栓剂)的形式。优选经口施用AZD2171马来酸盐。通常,可以用常规赋形剂,以常规方式制备上面的组合物。
本发明的组合物有利地以单位剂型存在。AZD2171马来酸盐将通常以1-50mg/m2动物身体面积的单位剂量施用于温血动物,例如,在人中约0.03-1.5mg/kg。设想例如0.01-1.5mg/kg,例如0.05-0.75mg/kg,优选0.03-0.5mg/kg范围内的单位剂量并且这通常是治疗有效剂量。单位剂型如片剂或者胶囊剂将通常含有例如,1-50mg活性成分。优选地,使用0.03-0.5mg/kg范围内的日剂量。特定疾病状态的治疗性或预防性治疗所需的剂量大小将必须取决于所治疗的宿主、施用途径和正在治疗的疾病的严重性而变。因此,可以由正在治疗任何特定患者的开业医生确定最佳剂量。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了如上文定义的AZD2171马来酸盐,其用于通过疗法治疗人或动物体的方法中。
本发明的另一特征是如上文定义的AZD2171马来酸盐用作药物,有利地,如上文定义的AZD2171马来酸盐用作在温血动物如人中产生抗血管发生和/或血管渗透性减小效应的药物。
从而,根据本发明的另一方面,提供了如上文定义的AZD2171马来酸盐的用途,用于生产用于在温血动物如人中产生抗血管发生和/或血管渗透性减小效应的药物。
根据本发明的另一特征,提供了在需要此类治疗的温血动物如人中产生抗血管发生和/或血管渗透性减小效应的方法,其包括对所述动物施用有效量的如上文定义的AZD2171马来酸盐。
AZD2171马来酸盐是抗血管发生和/或血管渗透性减小剂并且可以作为单一疗法应用或者可以除了AZD2171马来酸盐外还包括一种或多种其他物质和/或治疗。可以通过同时、顺序或者分开施用治疗的各自组分实现此类联合治疗。在医学肿瘤学领域,通常使用不同治疗形式的组合来治疗每名癌症患者。在医学肿瘤学中,除了AZD2171马来酸盐以外,此类联合治疗的其他组分可以是:手术、放射疗法或化学疗法。此类化学疗法可以覆盖三大类治疗剂:
(i)其他抗血管发生剂,如抑制血管内皮生长因子作用的活性剂(例如,抗血管内皮细胞生长因子抗体贝伐单抗[AvastinTM],和通过与上文定义的不同的机理起作用的活性剂(例如,三羧氨基喹啉(linomide)、整联蛋白αvβ3功能的抑制剂、血管他丁、razoxin、沙立度胺),并且包括血管靶向剂(例如,磷酸考布他汀(combretastatin phosphate)和国际专利申请WO00/40529、WO 00/41669、WO01/92224、WO02/04434和WO02/08213中公开的化合物和国际专利申请公开号WO 99/02166中描述的血管损伤剂,将这些文件的完整公开并入本文作为参考(例如N-乙酰基colchinol-O-磷酸));
(ii)细胞生长抑制剂,如抗雌激素药(例如,他莫昔芬、托瑞米芬、雷洛昔芬、屈洛西芬、iodoxyfene),雌激素受体下调剂(例如,氟维司群),孕激素类(例如,乙酸甲地孕酮),芳香酶抑制剂(例如,阿那曲唑、来曲唑、vorazole、依西美坦),抗孕激素、抗雄激素(例 如,氟他米特、尼鲁米特、比卡鲁胺、醋酸环丙氯地孕酮),LHRH激动剂和拮抗剂(例如,醋酸性瑞林、luprolide、布舍瑞林)、5α-还原酶抑制剂(例如,非那雄胺)、抗侵入剂(例如,金属蛋白酶抑制剂,像马马司他和尿激酶纤溶酶原活化因子受体功能的抑制剂)和生长因子功能抑制剂(此类生长因子包括例如血小板衍生生长因子和肝细胞生长因子),此类抑制剂包括生长因子抗体、生长因子受体抗体(例如,抗-erbb2抗体曲妥单抗[HerceptinTM]和抗-erbb1抗体西妥昔单抗[C225])、法尼基转移酶抑制剂、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂例如表皮生长因子家族的抑制剂(例如EGFR家族酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,如 N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-甲氧基-6-(3-吗啉代丙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺(gefitinib,AZD1839),N-(3-乙炔基苯基)-6,7-二(2-甲氧基乙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺(埃罗替尼,OSI-774)和6-丙烯基酰氨基-N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-(3-吗啉代丙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺(CI 1033))和丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶抑制剂);和
(iii)如用于医学肿瘤学中的抗增殖/抗肿瘤药物和它们的组合,如抗代谢物(例如,抗叶酸剂,如甲氨蝶呤、氟嘧啶,像5-氟尿嘧啶、喃氟啶、嘌呤和腺苷类似物、阿糖胞苷);抗肿瘤抗生素(例如,蒽环类,像阿霉素、博来霉素、多柔比星、柔红霉素、表阿霉素和伊达比星、丝裂霉素C、更生霉素、光辉霉素);铂衍生物(例如,顺铂、卡铂);烷化剂(例如,氮芥、米尔法兰、苯丁酸氮芥、白消安、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、亚硝脲、噻替哌);抗有丝分裂剂(例如,长春花生物碱类,像长春新碱、长春花碱、长春地辛、长春烯碱和紫杉烷类,像紫杉醇、多西紫杉醇);拓扑异构酶抑制剂(例如,表鬼臼毒素,像依托泊苷和替尼泊苷、胺苯吖啶、拓扑替康、喜树碱和伊立替康);和酶(例如,门冬酰胺酶);和胸腺嘧啶核苷酸合酶抑制剂(例如,雷替曲塞);
并且其它类型的化学治疗剂包括:
(iv)生物反应调节剂(例如,干扰素);
(v)抗体(例如,依决洛单抗);
(vi)反义疗法,例如,针对上面列出的靶标的疗法,如ISIS 2503、抗-ras反义;
(vii)基因治疗方法,包括例如,替换异常基因,如异常p53或异 常BRCA1或BRCA2的方法,GDEPT(基因介导的酶前药治疗)方法,如使用胞嘧啶脱氨酶、胸苷激酶或者细菌硝基还原酶的方法和增加患者对化学疗法或放射疗法的耐受性的方法,如多种药物抗性基因疗法;和
(viii)免疫治疗方法,包括例如用于增加患者肿瘤细胞的免疫原性的离体和体内方法,如用诸如白介素2、白介素4或者粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的细胞因子转染,减小T细胞无反应性的方法,使用转染的免疫细胞如细胞因子转染的树突细胞的方法,使用细胞因子转染的肿瘤细胞系的方法和使用抗独特型抗体的方法。
例如,可以通过同时、顺序或者单独施用如上文定义的AZD2171马来酸盐和WO 99/02166中描述的血管靶向剂,如N-乙酰基lcolchinol-O-磷酸(WO 99/02166的实施例1)实现此类联合治疗。
从WO 01/74360已知可以将抗血管发生剂与抗高血压剂组合。将本发明的盐也可以与抗高血压剂组合施用。抗高血压剂是降低血压的活性剂,见WO 01/74360,将其引入本文作为参考。
从而,根据本发明,提供了治疗与血管发生有关的疾病状态的方法,其包括对温血动物,如人施用有效量的如上文定义的AZD2171马来酸盐和抗高血压剂的组合。
根据本发明的另一个特征,提供了如上文定义的AZD2171马来酸盐和抗高血压剂的组合的用途,用于生产治疗温血动物,如人中与血管发生有关的疾病状态的药物。
根据本发明的另一个特征,提供了包含如上文定义的AZD2171马来酸盐和抗高血压剂的药物组合物,其用于治疗温血动物,如人中与血管发生有关的疾病状态。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了在温血动物,如人中产生抗血管发生和/或血管渗透性减小效应的方法,其包括对所述动物施用有效量的如上文定义的AZD2171马来酸盐和抗高血压剂。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了如上文定义的AZD2171马来酸盐和抗高血压剂的组合的用途,用于生产在温血动物,如人中产生抗血管发生和/或血管渗透性减小效应的药物。
优选的抗高血压剂是钙通道阻断剂、血管紧张肽转化酶抑制剂(ACE抑制剂)、血管紧张肽II受体拮抗剂(A-II拮抗剂)、利尿剂、 β-肾上腺素能受体阻断剂(β-阻断剂)、血管扩张剂和α-肾上腺素能受体阻断剂(α-阻断剂)。特定抗高血压剂是钙通道阻断剂、血管紧张肽转化酶抑制剂(ACE抑制剂)、血管紧张肽II受体拮抗剂(A-II拮抗剂)和β-肾上腺素能受体阻断剂(β-阻断剂),特别是钙通道阻断剂。
如上述的AZD2171马来酸盐对于抗血管发生和/或血管渗透减小效应是重要的。预计AZD2171马来酸盐可以用于多种疾病状态,包括癌症、糖尿病、牛皮癣、类风湿性关节炎、卡波西肉瘤、血管瘤、淋巴管性水肿、急性和慢性肾病、粉瘤、动脉再狭窄、自身免疫病、急性炎症、过度瘢痕形成和粘连、子宫内膜异位、功能障碍性子宫出血和具有视网膜血管增生的眼病,包括年龄相关的黄斑变性。癌症可以影响任何组织并且包括白血病、多发性骨髓瘤和淋巴瘤。具体地,预计本发明的此类化合物有利地减慢例如,结肠、乳腺、前列腺、肺和皮肤的原发和复发的实体瘤的生长。更具体地,预计本发明的此类化合物抑制与VEGF相关的任意类型的癌症,包括白血病、多发性骨髓瘤和淋巴瘤,以及例如,与VEGF相关的那些原发性和复发性实体瘤的生长,特别是抑制它们的生长和扩散严重依赖于VEGF的那些肿瘤,例如,结肠、乳腺、前列腺、肺、脑、外阴和皮肤的某些肿瘤。
除了用于治疗性药物,上文定义的AZD2171马来酸盐还可以用作药理学工具用来研发和标准化体外和体内测试系统,用以评估VEGF受体赖氨酸激酶活性的抑制剂在实验动物如猫、狗、兔、猴、大鼠和小鼠中的效果,作为新的治疗剂的研究的部分。
在WO 00/47212中详述并且用于测试AZD2171的测定法如下:
(a)体外受体赖氨酸激酶抑制试验
该测定法确定受试化合物抑制酪氨酸激酶活性的能力。可以通过完全基因合成(Edwards M,International Biotechnology Lab 5(3),19-25,1987)或者通过克隆得到编码VEGF、FGF或EGF受体细胞质结构域的DNA。然后它们可以在适当的表达系统中表达得到具有酪氨酸激酶活性的多肽。例如,发现通过在昆虫细胞中表达重组蛋白质得到的VEGF、FGF和EGF受体细胞质结构域表现出内在的酪氨酸激酶活性。对于VEGF受体Flt-1(Genbank登记号X51602),从cDNA 分离了编码细胞质结构域的大部分的1.7kb DNA片段(从甲硫氨酸783开始并且包括终止密码子,描述于Shibuya等(Oncogene,1990,5:519-524)),并将其克隆到杆状病毒置换型载体(例如,pAcYM1(见The Baculovirus Expression System:A Laboratory Guide,L.A.King and R.D.Possee,Chapman and Hall,1992)或pAc360或pBlueBacHis(可以从Invitrogen Corporation得到))。将该重组构建体与病毒DNA(例如,Pharmingen BaculoGold)共转染到昆虫细胞(例如草地夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)21(Sf21))以制备重组杆状病毒。(装配重组DNA分子和重组杆状病毒的制备和使用的方法可以见标准教科书,例如,Sambrook等,1989,Molecular cloning-A Laboratory Manual,第2版,Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press and O′Reilly等,1992,Baculovirus Expression Vectors-A Laboratory Manual,W.H.Freeman and Co,New York)。对于KDR(Genbank登记号L04947),将从甲硫氨酸806开始的细胞质片段克隆并以类似方式表达。
为了表达cFlt-1酪氨酸激酶活性,用噬斑纯的cFlt-1重组病毒以3的感染复数感染Sf21细胞并在48小时后收获。将收获的细胞用冰预冷的磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS)(10mM磷酸钠pH7.4,138mM氯化钠,2.7mM氯化钾)洗涤,然后重悬浮在冰预冷的HNTG/PMSF(20mM Hepes pH7.5,150mM氯化钠,10%v/v甘油,1%v/v Triton X100,1.5mM氯化镁,1mM乙二醇-二(β氨乙基醚)N,N,N’,N’-四乙酸(EGTA),1mM PMSF(苯甲基磺酰氟化物);PMSF在临用前从新鲜制备的甲醇中的100mM溶液加入),每1千万个细胞使用1ml HNTG/PMSF。
将悬浮液在4℃以13,000转/分钟离心10分钟,然后取出上清液(酶原液)并将其以等分试样保存在-70℃。通过用酶稀释剂(100mM HepespH 7.4,0.2mM原钒酸钠,0.1%v/v Triton X100,0.2mM二硫苏糖醇)稀释在测定中滴定每个新批次的原液酶。对于典型的批次,将原液酶用酶稀释剂以1∶2000稀释并将50μl稀释的酶用于每个测定孔。
从含有酪氨酸的随机共聚物,例如聚(Glu,Ala,Tyr)6∶3∶1(SigmaP3899)制备基质溶液的原液,在-20℃以PBS中的1mg/ml原液保存并用PBS以1∶500稀释用于平板包被。
在测定前一天,将100μl稀释的基质溶液分散到测定板(Nunc maxisorp 96-孔immunoplates)的所有孔中,将板密封并在4℃放置过夜。
在测定当天,弃去基质溶液并将测定板用PBST(含有0.05%v/vTween 20的PBS)洗涤一次并用50mM Hepes pH7.4洗涤一次。
用10%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)稀释受试化合物并将25μl稀释的化合物转移到经洗涤的测定板的孔中。“总的”对照孔含有10%DMSO代替化合物。向除了“空白”对照孔之外的所有孔中加入含有8μM腺苷-5’-三磷酸(ATP)的25μl 40mM氯化镁(II),对照孔含有氯化镁(II)而没有ATP。为开始反应,将50l新鲜稀释的酶加入每孔并在室温下孵育板20分钟。然后弃去液体并用PBST洗涤孔两次。向每孔加入用含有0.5%w/v牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的PBST以1∶6000稀释的100μl小鼠IgG抗-磷酸酪氨酸抗体(Upstate Biotechnology Inc.product 05-321)并在室温下孵育板1小时后弃去液体并用PBST洗涤孔两次。加入用含有0.5%w/v BSA的PBST以1∶500稀释的100μl辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)-连接的绵羊抗小鼠Ig抗体(Amersham产品NXA 931)并在室温孵育板1小时,然后丢弃液体并用PBST洗涤孔两次。将使用50mg ABTS片剂(Boehringer1204521)在50ml新鲜制备的50mM磷酸盐-柠檬酸盐缓冲液pH5.0+0.03%高硼酸钠(每100ml蒸馏水用1磷酸盐柠檬酸盐缓冲液与高硼酸钠(PCSB)胶囊(Sigma P4922)制备)中新鲜制备的2,2’-连氮基-二(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)(ABTS)100μl加入每孔。然后将平板在室温下孵育20-60分钟直到使用平板读数分光光度计在405nm测量的“总的”对照孔的光密度值接近1.0。“空白”(无ATP)和“总的”(无化合物)对照值用于确定引起50%的酶活性抑制的受试化合物的稀释范围。
(b)体外HUVEC增殖测定
该测定法确定受试化合物抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)的生长因子刺激的增殖。
将HUVEC细胞在MCDB 131(Gibco BRL)+7.5%v/v胎牛血清(FCS)中分离并以1000个细胞/孔的浓度在96孔板中在MCDB 131+2%v/v FCS+3μg/ml肝素+1μg/ml氢化可的松中接种(2到8代)。最少4小时后,对它们施用VEGF(3ng/ml)和化合物。然后将培养物在37℃和7.5%CO2下孵育4天。在第4天,用1μCi/孔氚标记的胸苷(Amersham产品TRA 61)脉冲并孵育4小时。用96孔板收获器 (Tomtek)收获细胞然后用Beta平板计数器测定氚的掺入。放射性向细胞的掺入(表示为cpm)用于测量化合物对生长因子刺激的细胞增殖的抑制。该方法还用于评估化合物对基础HUVEC生长的作用(即,不加入外源VEGF时MCDB 131+2%v/v FCS+3μg/ml肝素+1μg/ml氢化可的松中内皮细胞增殖)。
(c)体内实体瘤疾病模型
该试验测量化合物抑制实体瘤生长的能力。
通过皮下注射100μl无血清培养基中Matrigel的50%(v/v)溶液中的1x106Calu-6细胞/小鼠,在雌性无胸腺的Swiss nu/nu小鼠的侧腹建立CaLu-6肿瘤异种移植物。细胞植入后10天,将小鼠分成8组,每组8-10只,以便实现可比较的组平均大小。用游标卡尺测量肿瘤并如下计算体积:(lxw)x√(lxw)x(π/6),其中l是最长的直径,w是与最长直径垂直的直径。每天经口施用受试化合物最少21天,对照动物接受化合物稀释液。每周测量肿瘤两次。通过用Student T test和/或Mann-Whitney秩和检验比较对照组与治疗组的平均肿瘤体积来计算生长抑制的水平。当p<0.05时认为化合物治疗的抑制效果是显著的。
可以通过已知可以应用于制备化学相关的化合物的任意方法准备如上文定义的AZD2171马来酸盐。此类方法包括例如,在国际专利申请号WO 00/47212中阐明的方法,将所述文献引入本文作为参考。此类方法还包括例如,固相合成。提供此类方法作为本发明的另一特征并且在下文中描述。可以通过有机化学的标准方法得到必要的起始物质。可以根据WO 00/47212中描述的任一种方法制备AZD2171游离碱,具体见WO 00/47212的实施例240。备选地,可以通过有机化学家的普通技术内的与所阐明的那些方法相似的方法得到必要的起始物质。
下面的方法(a)、(b)和(c)构成了本发明的其他特征。
合成AZD2171马来酸盐形式A
(a)此类方法提供了本发明的另一方面并且包括,例如步骤:
(i)在有机溶剂中溶解AZD2171游离碱以形成溶液;
(ii)加入马来酸的水溶液或者加入马来酸在有机溶剂中的溶液;
(iii)允许发生自发成核;
(iv)任选分离所形成的AZD2171形式A和B的结晶混合物;
(v)在溶剂,例如甲醇中使混合物成浆状,直到所有AZD2171马来酸盐都是形式A,(如可以通过X射线粉末衍射确定),例如,这可以花费4天;并
(vi)分离所形成的结晶固体。
(b)另一种此类方法提供了本发明的另一方面并且包括例如,步骤:
(i)在有机溶剂中溶解AZD2171游离碱以形成溶液;
(ii)加入马来酸的水溶液或者加入马来酸在有机溶剂中的溶液;
(iii)通过加热或者加入更多溶剂,并加入AZD2171马来酸形式A的晶种引发AZD2171马来酸盐形式A的结晶;和
(iv)分离所形成的结晶固体。
对于(a)和(b)的部分(i),如果需要,可以加热回流混合物直到发生溶解。备选地,如果已经发生了所有固体物质的或多或少的溶解,那么可以例如加热混合物到小于溶剂的回流温度的温度。应理解通过过滤升温的混合物可以除去小量不溶性物质。
对于(a)和(b)的部分(i),有机溶剂优选为醇,例如,甲醇或异丙醇。
对于(a)和(b)的部分(ii),有机溶剂优选为醇,例如,甲醇。
(C)合成AZD2171马来酸盐形式B
此类方法提供了本发明的另一方面并且包括例如,步骤:
(i)在有机溶剂中溶解AZD2171马来酸盐以形成溶液;
(ii)向溶液加入溶剂,其中AZD2171马来酸盐在该溶剂中的溶解度低于在NMP中的溶解度,所述溶剂为例如甲苯或者乙酸乙酯;
(iii)然后发生AZD2171马来酸盐形式B的结晶;和
(iv)分离所形成的结晶固体。
在(c)中,优选的有机溶剂是高度增溶溶剂,如1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮。
对于(c)的部分(i),如果需要,可以将混合物加热回流直到发生溶解。备选地,如果已经发生了所有固体物质的或多或少的溶解,那么可以例如加热混合物到小于溶剂的回流温度的温度。将理解通过过滤升温的混合物可以除去小量不溶性物质。
在上面的(a)、(b)和(c)中,可以通过任意常规方法,例如,通过过滤可以分离所形成的结晶固体。
以下将通过下面的非限制性实例、数据和附图阐明本发明,除非另有说明,其中:
(i)通过真空旋转蒸发进行蒸发并在除去残留固体,处理步骤在通过过滤除去残余固体如干燥剂后进行;
(ii)给出的产率仅用于说明并且不一定是可得到的最大产率;
(iii)熔点是未校正的并且使用Mettler DSC820e测定;
(iv)通过核(通常质子)磁共振(NMR)和质谱技术证实式I的终产物的结构;在δ刻度上测量质子磁共振化学位移值,峰的多样性表示如下:s,单峰;d,双峰;t,三峰;m,多峰;br,宽的;q,四重峰,quin,五重峰;所有样品都在d6-DMSO中以300K在Bruker DPX400MHz上运行,16次扫描,脉冲重复时间10秒;
(v)通常不完全表征中间产物,通过NMR分析评估纯度;和
(vi)使用下面的缩写:
DMSO二甲基亚砜
NMP 1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮
实施例
实施例1:AZD2171马来酸盐形式A
在氮气的惰性气氛下,用异丙醇(58.8mL)使AZD2171粗品游离碱(4.52g)(例如以WO 00/47212的实施例240中描述的方式制备)成为浆液。回流下加热混合物15分钟得到澄清的深色溶液。将混合物冷却到75℃并加入炭(0.226g)。将混合物再次加热回流并保持回流1小时。然后趁热过滤混合物。用热异丙醇(9mL)洗涤炭滤饼。调节组合的滤液和洗涤液的温度到55℃并在5分钟内逐滴加入溶于水(2.71mL)的马来酸(1.173g)的预过滤的溶液。以前结晶的粗品游离碱在加入期间溶解。加入line wash水(0.9mL)。使混合物保持在55℃15分钟并加入AZD2171马来酸盐形式A(0.023g)的晶种。混合物在55℃保持4小时。在4小时的保持期间结晶变得确定。在8小时内冷却混合物到0℃。将混合物保持在0℃最少8小时。过滤混合物。用异丙醇(9mL)洗涤滤饼。将固体在真空烘箱中在50℃干燥得到4-([4- 氟-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基]氧基)-6-甲氧基-7-(3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙氧基)喹唑啉马来酸盐形式A。
1H NMR光谱:(400MHz,DMSO):11.36(s,1H),8.53(s,1H),7.65(s,1H),7.43(s,1H),7.18(d,1H),7.01(d,1H),6.25(s,1H),6.04(s,2H),4.33(t,2H),4.02(s,3H),3.26-3.3.70(b,4H),2.44,(s,3H),2.24(m,2H),2.02(m,4H).
m.p.:DSC分析:在198.3℃开始熔解,在200.08℃达到峰值
实施例2:AZD2171马来酸盐形式A
在氮气的惰性气氛下,在容器1中将AZD2171粗品游离碱(23.0g)(如WO 00/47212的实施例240中描述的制备)在甲醇(223mL)中调成浆液。通过保持在真空中对混合物脱气然后对真空释放氮气。这重复5次。然后将浆液加热回流并保持15分钟得到澄清的、暗褐色溶液。将溶液冷却到60℃,然后通过Celite 垫(4.00g)过滤到容器2中。将Celite 垫用热(60℃)甲醇(78mL)洗涤,滤液再次进入容器2中。
然后向容器1加入甲醇(111mL),将其冷却到0℃。然后向容器1加入马来酸(5.50g)并在0℃搅拌混合物15分钟直到所有的马来酸已经溶解。
然后将容器1的内容物通过内嵌的滤器装入容器2中同时保持温度高于52℃。在55℃向容器2加入AZD2171马来酸盐形式A的晶种(0.0454g)并保持混合物在55℃3小时。然后在7小时内冷却混合物到40℃,并在6小时内进一步冷却到-5℃。过滤固体并用-5℃的甲醇(100mL)洗涤。产物在真空烘箱中干燥24小时得到4-([4-氟-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基]氧基)-6-甲氧基-7-(3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙氧基)喹唑啉马来酸盐形式A。
实施例3:AZD2171马来酸盐形式B
AZD2171马来酸盐形式A(2.31g)溶解在温(~50℃)NMP中。在环境温度下2分钟内将该溶液逐滴加入甲苯(23mL)中。物质最初沉淀为固体,然后变成油,然后又变成固体。在环境温度下搅拌10分钟后,将固体过滤并用甲苯(10ml)洗涤。将固体在真空烘箱中环境温度下过夜干燥得到4-([4-氟-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基]氧基)-6-甲氧基 -7-(3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙氧基)喹唑啉马来酸盐形式B。
m.p.:DSC分析:在194.43℃开始熔解,在195.97℃达到峰值
所用的技术细节
X射线粉末衍射
表5
*相对强度来自固定狭缝时测量的衍射图
分析仪器:Siemens D5000
通过将晶体盐的样品放置在Siemens single silicon crystal(SSC)薄片支架上并用显微镜载玻片将样品扩散成薄层以确定X射线粉末衍射光谱。将样品以30转/分钟旋转(以改善计数统计)并用X射线照射,所述X射线通过以40kV和40mA操作的铜长细聚焦管产生并且波长为1.5406埃。准直X线源穿过设置在V20的自动可调的发散狭缝并且反射的辐射导向2mm防散射狭缝和0.2mm检测狭缝。样品以theta-theta模式在2度到40度2-theta范围内暴露1秒/0.02度2-theta增量(连续扫描模式)。运行时间为31分钟41秒。仪器装备作为检测器的闪烁计数器。通过运行Diffract+软件的Dell Optiplex 686NT4.0Workstation进行控制和数据捕获。X射线粉末衍射领域的技术人员将认识到峰的相对强度可以受到例如大小大于30微米的颗粒和非单一纵横比的影响,非单一纵横比可以影响样品的分析。技术人员将还认识到反射的位置可以受到样品在衍射仪中的精确高度和衍射仪的零校准的影响。样品表面的平面度也可以有小的影响。因此,不应将所给出的衍射图认为是绝对值。
筛滤/微粉化
AZD2171游离碱在微粉化前使用1mm不锈钢筛筛滤,将碱用于产物收集和手工直接送入粉碎机。
筛滤约7.5g AZD2171游离碱。
使用清洁的S/S lined 2”粉碎机。
手工送入速率:每分钟约2/3g。
碾磨气压范围10/20psi(0.67/1.33大气压)。
Venturi气压范围20/25psi(1.33/1.67大气压)。
动态蒸汽吸收
分析仪器:表面测量系统动态蒸汽吸收分析仪(Surface Measurements Systems Dynamic Vapour Sorption Analyser)。
25℃将石英容器中含有的约5mg物质以一式两份置于下面的相对适度(RH)的湿润氮气中:0,20,40,60,80,95,80,60,40,20,0%RH。
差示扫描量热法
分析仪器:Mettler DSC820e.
通常将装有穿孔盖的40μl铝锅中所含小于5mg物质以每分钟10℃的恒定加热速率加热,温度范围为到25℃到325℃。利用采用氮气的吹扫气-流速为100ml/分钟。
热重量分析
分析仪器:Mettler TG851.
通常将70μl氧化铝坩埚中所含的3到12mg物质以每分钟10℃的恒定加热速率,温度范围为从25℃加热到325℃。利用采用氦气的吹扫气-流速为50ml/分钟。
Karl Fischer水含量
分析仪器:Mitsubishi Moisture Meter CA-05.
通常使用约50mg物质。
Claims (6)
1.4-((4-氟-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)氧基)-6-甲氧基-7-(3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙氧基)喹唑啉的马来酸盐,其为结晶形式:形式B,其中所述盐的X射线粉末衍射图在约2-θ=24.2、22.7、15.7、12.0、27.1、25.0、17.7、15.0、23.1和12.6°有特定峰。
2.4-((4-氟-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)氧基)-6-甲氧基-7-(3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙氧基)喹唑啉的马来酸盐,其为结晶形式:形式B,其中所述盐具有与图8中所示的X射线粉末衍射图相同的X射线粉末衍射图。
3.药物组合物,其包含与可药用赋形剂或载体结合的4-((4-氟-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)氧基)-6-甲氧基-7-(3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙氧基)喹唑啉的马来酸盐,其是结晶形式:根据权利要求1或2所述的形式B。
4.制备如权利要求1或2要求保护的结晶形式的形式B的4-((4-氟-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)氧基)-6-甲氧基-7-(3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙氧基)喹唑啉的马来酸盐的方法,其包括:
(i)将4-((4-氟-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)氧基)-6-甲氧基-7-(3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙氧基)喹唑啉马来酸盐溶解在1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮中形成溶液;
(ii)将所述溶液加入到甲苯或乙酸乙酯中;
(iii)然后发生4-((4-氟-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)氧基)-6-甲氧基-7-(3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙氧基)喹唑啉马来酸盐形式B的结晶;和
(iv)分离所形成的结晶固体。
5.如权利要求1或2要求保护的4-((4-氟-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)氧基)-6-甲氧基-7-(3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙氧基)喹唑啉的马来酸盐在制备用于在温血动物中产生抗血管发生和/或血管渗透性减小效应的药物中的用途。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其中所述温血动物为人。
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