Michaela Zavadil
Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austrian Archaeological Institute, Department Member
- Aegean Prehistory (Archaeology), Mycenaean era archaeology, Mycenae Shaft Graves, Textiles, Textile Archaeology, Nineteenth Century Studies, and 33 moreFunerary Archaeology, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Ancient Glass, Archival science, Archaeological textiles, Spinning, Textile Dyeing, Middle Helladic period, Middle Helladic Pottery, Elis - Messenia - Achaea - Ionian islands, Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), Messenia, Archaeological textiles and clothing, Prehistoric Textiles, Dyeing, Weaving, Aegean Archaeology, Mycenaean pottery, Tholos Tombs, Virchow, Aegaean Prehistory, Heinrich Schliemann, Cooking Pottery, History of Archaeology, Archaeology, Ostia (Archaeology), Aegean Middle Bronze Age, Child Burials, Ancient Textile Technology, History of Textiles, Teichos Dymaion, Aigina, Pottery Production, NAA, and History of Aegean Prehistoric Archaeologyedit
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For a more detailed publication of Pheneos results see Burke, C., Zavadil, M., Kordatzaki, G.: The chaîne opératoire of pottery traditions at Pheneos, Mainland Greece, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 35 (2021).
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This paper will present the results of an integrated programme of analysis that combines typological, macro-scopic, petrographic, and microstructural techniques, with experimental analysis, to examine and reconstruct the chaîne opératoire... more
This paper will present the results of an integrated programme of analysis that combines typological, macro-scopic, petrographic, and microstructural techniques, with experimental analysis, to examine and reconstruct the chaîne opératoire of production used to make Bronze Age ceramics from the site of Pheneos, Peloponnese, mainland Greece. The results demonstrate the prevalence of local production using a narrow range of raw materials and specific sequence of forming techniques that were applied to make a wide variety of vessel types from the Early through to the Late Bronze Age. This domination of local production is accompanied by the presence of a small number of high quality imports from key centres of production during the Middle and Late Bronze Age.
Free access for 50 days - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X2030451X?dgcid=author
Free access for 50 days - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X2030451X?dgcid=author
Research Interests: Experimental Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Archaeometry, and 10 moreCeramic Analysis (Archaeology), Greek Archaeology, Aegean Prehistory (Archaeology), Ceramics (Archaeology), Aegean Archaeology, Middle Bronze Age, Ceramic Petrography, Aegean Late Bronze Age, Aegean Middle Bronze Age, and Middle Helladic Pottery
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In this paper we present and compare two separate wood-firings of predominantly plain, handmade burnished ceramics in an updraft kiln. Our main aim was to gain a better understanding of the function of the kiln and a greater knowledge of... more
In this paper we present and compare two separate wood-firings of predominantly plain, handmade burnished ceramics in an updraft kiln. Our main aim was to gain a better understanding of the function of the kiln and a greater knowledge of ancient firing processes. Both firings took place in the same kiln, but the pottery installation underwent a series of modifications and the fuel type was partially changed for the second firing [1]. The objectives of the experiments were to: a) evaluate the effectiveness of the kiln based on the heat rate, the maximum temperature achieved, and heat loss, b) investigate the effect of the fuel type on heat efficiency, c) assess the impact of the temperature and prevalent atmosphere on the colour and texture of the pottery, and d) check the quality of the fired vessels and, if necessary, provide more sophisticated adaptations to improve the heat efficiency of the installation.
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Tombs are an important source for reconstructing ancient social structures. The region of Messenia in south-western Peloponnese was a centre of the Middle and Late Helladic culture (2100/2000–1200 BC). Basis of this study of tombs in... more
Tombs are an important source for reconstructing ancient social structures. The region of Messenia in south-western Peloponnese was a centre of the Middle and Late Helladic culture (2100/2000–1200 BC). Basis of this study of tombs in Messenia is a catalogue of 58 find-spots with about 240 tombs. With an analysis of the topographical setting of the tombs, of their architecture and of the burial gifts which were found, the book offers a contribution to the better understanding of the social hierarchies and the political changes that took place during this phase of Greek history.
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"Im Dezember 1883 begannen die Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Ernst Boetticher und Heinrich Schliemann um die Interpretation der Forschungen Schliemanns in Troia. Boetticher war nach dem Studium des jüngsten, im November 1880 erschienenen... more
"Im Dezember 1883 begannen die Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Ernst Boetticher und Heinrich Schliemann um die Interpretation der Forschungen Schliemanns in Troia. Boetticher war nach dem Studium des jüngsten, im November 1880 erschienenen Berichtes über die Grabungen in Troia davon überzeugt, daß Schliemann die Grabungsergebnisse falsch interpretiert und keine Siedlung, sondern eine Feuernekropole ausgegraben hätte. In scharf formulierten Artikeln wandte er sich gegen Schliemann, seinen Mitarbeiter Wilhelm Dörpfeld und auch gegen Rudolf Virchow. Die Meinungsverschiedenheiten kulminierten schließlich während der sog. Ersten Troiakonferenz im Dezember 1889.
Die Monographie beleuchtet die Geschichte dieses Konfliktes, der auch durch den Tod Schliemanns im Dezember 1890 nicht beendet, sondern von Seiten Ernst Boettichers mit Sicherheit bis 1911 fortgeführt wurde, und bietet ferner eine Biographie Ernst Boettichers, dessen Lebenslauf bislang größtenteils unbekannt war.
In December 1883 started the dispute between Ernst Boetticher and Heinrich Schliemann over the interpretation of Schliemann’s research at Troy. After studying Schliemann’s book on his excavations in Troy, which was published in November 1880, Boetticher was convinced that Schliemann had misinterpreted the excavation results and had found no settlement, but a fire-necropolis. In strongly worded articles he turned both against Schliemann as well as against Wilhelm Dörpfeld and Rudolf Virchow. The dispute finally culminated during the so-called “Erste Troiakonferenz” in December 1889.
The monograph examines the history of this conflict, which was not finished after Schliemann’s death in December 1890, as Ernst Boetticher continued to publish his ideas at least until 1911. Furthermore it offers a biography of Ernst Boetticher, whose vita was hitherto almost unknown."
Die Monographie beleuchtet die Geschichte dieses Konfliktes, der auch durch den Tod Schliemanns im Dezember 1890 nicht beendet, sondern von Seiten Ernst Boettichers mit Sicherheit bis 1911 fortgeführt wurde, und bietet ferner eine Biographie Ernst Boettichers, dessen Lebenslauf bislang größtenteils unbekannt war.
In December 1883 started the dispute between Ernst Boetticher and Heinrich Schliemann over the interpretation of Schliemann’s research at Troy. After studying Schliemann’s book on his excavations in Troy, which was published in November 1880, Boetticher was convinced that Schliemann had misinterpreted the excavation results and had found no settlement, but a fire-necropolis. In strongly worded articles he turned both against Schliemann as well as against Wilhelm Dörpfeld and Rudolf Virchow. The dispute finally culminated during the so-called “Erste Troiakonferenz” in December 1889.
The monograph examines the history of this conflict, which was not finished after Schliemann’s death in December 1890, as Ernst Boetticher continued to publish his ideas at least until 1911. Furthermore it offers a biography of Ernst Boetticher, whose vita was hitherto almost unknown."
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Political, social and cultural conditions and changes also have an impact on the sciences and humanities. In the field of archaeology, little attention has been paid to these issues so far. Only recently has there been an increased focus... more
Political, social and cultural conditions and changes also have an impact on the sciences and humanities. In the field of archaeology, little attention has been paid to these issues so far. Only recently has there been an increased focus on them, as well as on the study of the history of archaeology, with attention often focussing on the inter-war period and the Second World War. In contrast, the conference „Archäologie und Republik. Reflexionen zur Archäologie in Österreich in der Ersten und Zweiten Republik“, organised to mark the centenary of the founding of the Republic of Austria, was primarily devoted to the work of Austrian archaeologists since 1918, without focusing on the period of National Socialism. The contributions range from excavations in Austria to the work of Austrian archaeologists in Egypt and the Near East. They also provide an insight into the development and transformation of institutions such as the Collection of Ancient Antiquities at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, the Federal Monuments Authority and the Prehistoric Commission of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Other themes include the communication and reception of the results of research during the inter-war period and the Second World War, and biographical research. The volume thus provides a comprehensive overview of the diversity of archaeological research in Austria, especially since the proclamation of the First Republic.
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S. Deger-Jalkotzy - M. Zavadil (eds.), LH III C Chronology and Synchronisms. Proceedings of the International Workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, 7th and 8th May, 2001 (Denkschriften der phil.-hist. Klasse 310, Veröffentlichungen der Mykenischen Kommission 20), Wien 2003.more
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S. Deger-Jalkotzy - M. Zavadil (eds.), LH III C Chronology and Synchronisms II. LH III C Middle. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, Oct. 29th and 30th, 2004 (Denkschr. phil.-hist. Klasse 362, Veröffentl. d. Myken. Kommission 28), Wien 2007.more
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Lecture on the occasion of the opening of the virtual exhibition "The Stuff of Legend: Heinrich Schliemann’s Life and Work - Celebrating the Bicentennial of His Birth", organized by the Archives of the American School of Classical Studies... more
Lecture on the occasion of the opening of the virtual exhibition "The Stuff of Legend: Heinrich Schliemann’s Life and Work - Celebrating the Bicentennial of His Birth", organized by the Archives of the American School of Classical Studies (February 3, 2022).
https://www.ascsa.edu.gr/events/details/heinrich-schliemann-opening-lecture
https://www.ascsa.edu.gr/events/details/heinrich-schliemann-opening-lecture
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In the 1960s, Evangelia Protonotariou-Deïlaki discovered Middle Bronze Age settlement remains at the southeastern foot of the acropolis of Pheneos (Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece). However, it was unknown that the acropolis itself was... more
In the 1960s, Evangelia Protonotariou-Deïlaki discovered Middle Bronze Age settlement remains at the southeastern foot of the acropolis of Pheneos (Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece). However, it was unknown that the acropolis itself was inhabited in the Middle Bronze Age period, too. Excavations carried out between 2011 and 2015 on the acropolis of Pheneos as a collaboration of the Ephorate of Antiquities of Corinth, the University of Graz (Institute of Antiquity) and the Austrian Archaeological Institute, Athens Branch, under the direction of Konstantinos Kissas and Peter Scherrer revealed a stratified Middle Helladic settlement sequence underneath the Early Hellenistic city-wall. Contexts and finds are of particular importance as only few Middle Bronze Age sites from this remote region of the Peloponnese are known so far. We present the first results of the archaeological and scientific analyses as well as of the study of the forming techniques applied for manufacturing certain vessel shapes linked with two characteristic wares, the burnished or polished and the matt-painted. Typological study of the pottery conducted by Michaela Zavadil shows that MH settlement activities started at the transition from the Early to the Middle Bronze Age and lasted until the Shaft Grave Period. The ceramic repertoire covers the typical range of a settlement assemblage with fine wares and coarser household pottery including cooking vessels and storage containers. The scientific analysis performed by Clare Burke has identified a number of local paste recipes for the bulk of the vessels in use at the site. More specifically, a range of different clay paste preparation practices were identified, such as clay mixing and tempering. Based on this analysis, it seems that a number of potters operated simultaneously producing a wide spectrum of vessel types and surface finishes in a range of firing conditions. The presence of these fabrics in samples from the end of the Early Bronze Age/beginning of the Middle Bronze Age until the Shaft Grave Period indicates the area sustained long held potting traditions whereby potters continued to use the same raw materials but adapted the chaîne opératoire for producing new shapes and styles that came into fashion. For a better understanding of the past potting traditions other aspects of the chaîne opératoire, such as the building techniques, were taken into consideration. Marks on the surface and the fresh cross sections of the sherds, as well as voids and paste orientations, indicative of the manufacturing techniques were examined systematically. Based on these marks and for further comparisons with the ancient ceramics, Georgia Kordatzaki produced a series of experimental pots focusing mainly on the burnished or polished goblets. The current study shows that particular handmade forming techniques including mainly coil-building, pinching and paddle-beating were applied throughout the Middle Bronze Age at Pheneos.
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Andromache und Agamemnon, die Kinder von Sophia und Heinrich Schliemann wurden von Hauslehrerinnen unterrichtet, die oftmals auch die Funktion einer Gesellschafterin für Sophia übernahmen. Aus der Korrespondenz Heinrich Schliemanns kennen... more
Andromache und Agamemnon, die Kinder von Sophia und Heinrich Schliemann wurden von Hauslehrerinnen unterrichtet, die oftmals auch die Funktion einer Gesellschafterin für Sophia übernahmen. Aus der Korrespondenz Heinrich Schliemanns kennen wir die Namen etlicher dieser Frauen, die aus Deutschland, der Schweiz oder England stammten. Ihre Biographien jedoch sind zumeist unbekannt. Der Vortrag widmete sich dem Lebenslauf einer dieser Hauslehrerinnen: Marie Mellien. Auf der Basis der vorhandenen Quellen wurde die Vita einer emanzipierten Frau des ausgehenden 19. Jahrhunderts skizziert.
Andromache and Agamemnon, the children of Sophia and Heinrich Schliemann, were taught by private teachers who often also took on the function of a lady's companion for Sophia. From Heinrich Schliemann's correspondence we know the names of many of these women who came from Germany, Switzerland or England. However, their biographies are mostly unknown. The lecture was dedicated to the curriculum vitae of one of these house teachers: Marie Mellien. On the basis of existing sources, the biography of an emancipated woman of the late 19th century was sketched.
Andromache and Agamemnon, the children of Sophia and Heinrich Schliemann, were taught by private teachers who often also took on the function of a lady's companion for Sophia. From Heinrich Schliemann's correspondence we know the names of many of these women who came from Germany, Switzerland or England. However, their biographies are mostly unknown. The lecture was dedicated to the curriculum vitae of one of these house teachers: Marie Mellien. On the basis of existing sources, the biography of an emancipated woman of the late 19th century was sketched.
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Nach einem Überblick, der die Geschichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften zwischen 1933 und 1949 im Allgemeinen umreißt, wird auf die Kommissionen eingegangen, welche sich der Erforschung bzw. Förderung der Prähistorie widmeten. Die... more
Nach einem Überblick, der die Geschichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften zwischen 1933 und 1949 im Allgemeinen umreißt, wird auf die Kommissionen eingegangen, welche sich der Erforschung bzw. Förderung der Prähistorie widmeten.
Die Prähistorische und die Ägyptische Kommission konzentrierten sich auf Grabungen und deren Publikation. In Zusammenhang mit prähistorischer Archäologie weniger bekannt sind die Aktivitäten der Kommission für die historisch-archäologische und philologisch-ethnographische Durchforschung der Balkanhalbinsel (ab 1941: Balkan-Kommission; ab 1943: Südostkommission), die während des Krieges die Herausgabe einer Zeitschrift für Vor- und Frühgeschichte Südosteuropas plante. Auch die Tätigkeit der 1941 gegründeten Kommission für die Matthäus- und Rudolf-Much-Preisstiftung, die das Ziel hatte, „durch Verteilung von Ehrenpreisen zur Hebung der urgeschichtlichen Forschung in den Ostalpenländern beizutragen“, ist bislang noch weitgehend unbeachtet geblieben.
Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die Arbeiten der Prähistorischen und Ägyptischen Kommission werden im Vortrag erste Forschungsergebnisse zu den Tätigkeiten der Balkan-Kommission und der Kommission für die Matthäus- und Rudolf-Much-Preisstiftung präsentiert.
Literatur:
J. Feichtinger – H. Matis – S. Sienell – H. Uhl (Hrsg.), Die Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien 1938 bis 1945. Katalog zur Ausstellung (Wien 2013).
O. Urban, „Er war der Mann zwischen den Fronten“. Oswald Menghin und das Urgeschichtliche Institut der Universität Wien während der Nazizeit“, AAustr 80, 1996 (1997), 1–24.
J. Budka – C. Jurman, Hermann Junker. Ein deutsch-österreichisches Forscherleben zwischen Pyramiden, Kreuz und Hakenkreuz, in: S. Bickel – H.-W. Fischer-Elfert – A. Loprieno – S. Richter (Hrsg.), Ägyptologen und Ägyptologien zwischen Kaiserreich und Gründung der beiden deutschen Staaten, ZÄS Beiheft 1, 299–331.
Die Prähistorische und die Ägyptische Kommission konzentrierten sich auf Grabungen und deren Publikation. In Zusammenhang mit prähistorischer Archäologie weniger bekannt sind die Aktivitäten der Kommission für die historisch-archäologische und philologisch-ethnographische Durchforschung der Balkanhalbinsel (ab 1941: Balkan-Kommission; ab 1943: Südostkommission), die während des Krieges die Herausgabe einer Zeitschrift für Vor- und Frühgeschichte Südosteuropas plante. Auch die Tätigkeit der 1941 gegründeten Kommission für die Matthäus- und Rudolf-Much-Preisstiftung, die das Ziel hatte, „durch Verteilung von Ehrenpreisen zur Hebung der urgeschichtlichen Forschung in den Ostalpenländern beizutragen“, ist bislang noch weitgehend unbeachtet geblieben.
Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die Arbeiten der Prähistorischen und Ägyptischen Kommission werden im Vortrag erste Forschungsergebnisse zu den Tätigkeiten der Balkan-Kommission und der Kommission für die Matthäus- und Rudolf-Much-Preisstiftung präsentiert.
Literatur:
J. Feichtinger – H. Matis – S. Sienell – H. Uhl (Hrsg.), Die Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien 1938 bis 1945. Katalog zur Ausstellung (Wien 2013).
O. Urban, „Er war der Mann zwischen den Fronten“. Oswald Menghin und das Urgeschichtliche Institut der Universität Wien während der Nazizeit“, AAustr 80, 1996 (1997), 1–24.
J. Budka – C. Jurman, Hermann Junker. Ein deutsch-österreichisches Forscherleben zwischen Pyramiden, Kreuz und Hakenkreuz, in: S. Bickel – H.-W. Fischer-Elfert – A. Loprieno – S. Richter (Hrsg.), Ägyptologen und Ägyptologien zwischen Kaiserreich und Gründung der beiden deutschen Staaten, ZÄS Beiheft 1, 299–331.
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This special issue of the annual report includes an overview of the 8-year history of the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences with research highlights from the Palaeolithic to the early Iron... more
This special issue of the annual report includes an overview of the 8-year history of the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences with research highlights from the Palaeolithic to the early Iron Age. The research results and reports from the year 2020 are summarizing outreach activities, excavations, surveys, analyses, material studies and current publications from all groups and labs working in 17 countries. All publications of 8 years OREA institute are additionally listed at the end of the report.
Research Interests: Egyptology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Bioarchaeology, Digital Archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology, and 12 morePalaeolithic Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Bronze Age Archaeology, Mycenaean era archaeology, Balkan archaeology, Balkan prehistory, Iron Age (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, European Prehistory (Archaeology), Lithic Raw Material Sourcing, and Archaeological Sciences
The annual report of the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA) includes short descriptions of the research groups' work during the year 2015. These scientific activities cover a wide range from Paleolithic to Late Bronze... more
The annual report of the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA) includes short descriptions of the research groups' work during the year 2015. These scientific activities cover a wide range from Paleolithic to Late Bronze Age and early historical periods from the Middle East and Mediterranean to central Europe. The results from various field works and scientific analyses are summarized, a list of all publications at the end are providing the reader with further literature. The main research activities and initiatives of the OREA institute are presented including an overview map with all projects. The institutes’ journals and publication series appeared in 2015 are presented as well.
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The annual report of the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA) includes short descriptions of the research groups' work during the year 2016. These scientific activities cover a wide range from Paleolithic to Late Bronze... more
The annual report of the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA) includes short descriptions of the research groups' work during the year 2016. These scientific activities cover a wide range from Paleolithic to Late Bronze Age and early historical periods from the Middle East and Mediterranean to the Balkans and central Europe. The results from various field works and scientific analyses are summarized, a list of all publications at the end are providing the reader with further literature. The main research activities and initiatives of the OREA institute are presented including an overview map with all projects. The institutes’ journals and publication series appeared in 2016 are presented as well.
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The annual report of the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA) includes short descriptions of the research groups' work during the year 2017. These scientific activities cover a wide range from Paleolithic to Late Bronze... more
The annual report of the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA) includes short descriptions of the research groups' work during the year 2017. These scientific activities cover a wide range from Paleolithic to Late Bronze Age and early historical periods from the Middle East and Mediterranean to the Balkans and central Europe. The results from various field works and scientific analyses are summarized, a list of all publications at the end are providing the reader with further literature. The main research activities and initiatives of the OREA institute are presented including an overview map with all projects and a more detail description of the OREA research activities in Austria. The newly founded raw material lab is described as well as the various archives and their sources. The institutes’ journals and publication series appeared in 2017 are presented as well.
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Often seen as a period of cultural stagnation, the Greek Middle Bronze Age (c. 2000-1500BC) has often been overlooked in favour of more 'exciting' periods associated with 'complex' society and social stratification. This has been... more
Often seen as a period of cultural stagnation, the Greek Middle Bronze Age (c. 2000-1500BC) has often been overlooked in favour of more 'exciting' periods associated with 'complex' society and social stratification. This has been particularly true for ceramic studies which have heavily relied on typological analysis and distribution patterns in order to investigate production and consumption, resulting in long held debates the locations of production, technological development and importance of particular forms and decorative styles seen to typify the period such as Grey Minyan ware. This paper will discuss the results of an integrated raw material and technological study of Middle Bronze Age pottery from the site of Archaia Pheneos, Arcadia, Mainland Greece. Using macroscopic analysis, thin section petrography and scanning electron microscopy it has been possible to identify a number of local paste recipes in use at the site, utilising a variety of clay preparation techniques, such as mixing and tempering. The results suggest the presence of multiple potters supplying the community who produced a wide range of vessel types and finishes from plain coarsewares to fine grey burnished goblets and pattern painted jars. The presence of these fabrics in samples from the Early Bronze Age and the Late Bronze Age, indicates the area sustained long held potting traditions whereby potters maintained the same basic paste recipes but adapted their chaîne opératoire in relation to the production of new shapes and styles. Importantly, this paper will also discuss the relationship between different pastes and finishing techniques to the firing conditions employed by potters, who made specific choices in relation to the surface finish/decorative style they aimed to produce. Significantly, this is a much under studied topic for Middle Helladic pottery despite the perceived importance of particular pottery classes.