*
: . . .
. . . . -
:
. :
) (1981
.
. :
/
.
Abstract:
There are conflicting views as to which framework to adopt for the description of
prosodic phenomena such as vowel harmony, tone and spreading of nasalization. The
problem is which framework is better to deal with these issues: autosegmental or
metrical. In this article, instead of treating certain phenomena in the autosegmental
paradigm and others in the metrical model, as Halle and Vergnaud (1981) did with
vowel harmony, Leben proposes one framework rich enough to accommodate all
phenomena addressed within the two separate models. He argues that these
paradigms are similar in many key respects, and should be conflated into one model of
phonological representation. Chief of these similarities are:
Well-formedness condition which prohibits crossing of autosegmental lines is the
;same as the metrical tree lines that may not cross
Metrical and autosegmental trees are constructed on the projections of
;phonological units
1
w / s in metrical trees is equivalent to starred and non-starred in autosegmental
;representations
- Unbounded and bounded structures are available in both metrical and
;autosegmental notations
- The frameworks can be combined to account for directional and non- directional
processes.
Leben invites phonologists to conduct more research to establish the validity of his
proposal, addressing the pending issues in this regard.
-
-1:
Autosegmental phonology
.Metrical phonology
.
.
-
. 1980 Halle
.vocalic harmony
.
(1980) Anderson
.
.
segmental . ) (1980
: ) (bidirectional
) .(unidirectional
morpheme
)""( spreading
) 1976) Goldsmith
(( . (1976) Clements Advanced Tongue
] Root [ Akan :
)(1
+ ft +
] + [
) + bsa + (2
] - [ ] + [
)
]" [o + ft + /"(
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] + [
)
]" [o + bsa + /"(
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] - [ ] + [
.
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high .
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stress )
) (1977 ) (1979 ).((1981
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rhyme syllables
vowels consonants .
Khalkha .
1979 1981 .
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infix Tatamagouchee Tata- fuckin-
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.
tatama
)(12
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. Tatama- fuckin-gouchee
) .(11 Tatamagouchee .Tatamagouchee
magouchee
aroma proposal ... .
8
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. .
.
.
) (13 ) (D ) .
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repe [th ] i [th ] ive -
repe [D ] i [th ] ive -
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:
)pe ti tive (14
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.
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flee
scurry
They look
to ] [th aspirated free flee
angry scurry ornery
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. .
. 1981 Garawa
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12
David Gill 1981 Winbago
.
.extrasyllabic :
.
.
.
):(22
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-
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.
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13
:
* . :
Metrical or Autosegmental. In: Harry van der Hulst and Norval Smith (eds). (1982). Foris Publications.
Dordrecht. Holland/Cinnaminson.U.S.A. pp. 177-190.
-1 ) (1980
) (5 .
.
.
.
-2 ) (86:1979 "
"
.
.
.
) (1974 "".
-3 .
-4 .
:
Anderson, S.R. (1980), Problems and perspectives in the description of vowel harmony. In: R.Vago (ed), 1-49
Clements, G.N. and K. Ford (1979), Kikuyu Tone Shift and its Synchronic Consequences. Linguistic Inquiry
10, 179-210.
Clements, G.N. (1976), Vowel harmony in non linear generative phonology: An autosegmental model. (Later
)published by Indiana University Linguistics Club, 1980.
Goldsmith, J. (1976), Autosegmental Phonology. Indiana University Linguistics Club. (Published by Garland
)Press, 1979
Goldsmith, J. (1976b), Tone melodies and the autosegment. In: R.K.Herbert (ed), Proceedings of the Sixth
Conference on African Linguistics. (Ohio State University Working Papers in Linguistics, no. 20), 135-147
Halle, M. (1980). Colloquium at University of Southern California.
14
Hayes, B. (1981). A Metrical Theory of Stress Rules. Unpublished 1980 Doctoral Dissertation, MIT,
Cambridge. Mass.,Revised version distributed by the Indiana University Linguistics Club, Bloomington,
Indiana.
Hayman, L.M. and R.G. Schuh, (1974), Universals of tone rules: Evidence from West Africa, Linguistic Inquiry
5, 81-115.
Hayman, L.M. (1978), Historical tonology. In: V. Fromkin (ed), Tone: A Linguistic Survey. Academic Press.
Ingria, R. (1980), Compensatory lengthening as a metrical phenomenon. Linguistic Inquiry 11,465-495.
Kahn, D. (1976), Syllable-Based Generalizations in English Phonology. M.I.T. dissertation, reproduced by
Indiana University Linguistics Club.
Leben, W. (1978), The representation of tone. In: V. Fromkin (ed). Tone: A linguistic Survey. Academic Press.
Leben, W. (1980), A metrical analysis of length. Linguistic Inquiry 11, 497-509.
Liberman, M. and A. Prince (1977), On stress and linguistic rhythm. Linguistic Inquiry 8, 249-336.
McCarthy, J. (1981a), Prosodic structure and expletive infixation. Unpublished.
McCarthy. J. (1979), Formal Problems in Semitic phonology and morphology. Doctoral dissertation,
Cambridge,Mass., MIT.
Prince, A.S. (1980), A metrical theory for Estonian quantity. Linguistic Inquiry 11, 511-562.
Selkirk, E. (1977), French schwa. Unpublished.
Selkirk, E. (1980), The role of prosodic categories in English word stress. Linguistic Inquiry 11, 563-605.
Stemberger, J.P. (1980), Length as a suprasegmental: Evidence from speech errors. Unpublished.
15
