Foucualt

El trabajo busca desarrollar y contraponer las formas de entender las topologías de la dominación social y de la configuración de las subjetividades por parte de  Norbert Elías y Michael Foucault. Para ello, primero se presentará la propuesta de Elías en base al proceso civilizatorio, en la cual sus conceptualizaciones sobre la interdependencia social sostenida en sociogénesis y psicogénesis afectan a los individuos desde la cima de la pirámide social y desde dentro de los sujetos, configurando por ello un esquema topológico “arriba-adentro” de poder. Luego, se abordará la idea foucaultiana de dispositivo, buscando bosquejar en este caso algunos puntos generales sobre su teoría del poder, en la cual con su mirada de base microfísica y descentrada sobre la subjetividad, configura un esquema topológico “abajo-afuera” de dominación, muy distinto al de Elías. Por último, el trabajo cerrará con algunas conclusiones que nos permitan precisar las diferencias y convergencias de los autores analizados.

Foucault suggests that there are ‘other spaces’, heterotopias, which are located in the world we live in but are ‘outside of all places, even though it may be possible to indicate their location in reality’. Foucault offers examples of this concept by suggesting that prisons, brothels and boats at sea are specific spaces that are linked to, but different from, the societies that create them. In this paper I wish to consider how a further education college might fit Foucault’s six principles to be a heterotopia and consider how this might affect my research within such a place.

El discurso científico ocupa hoy un lugar hegemónico cuando se trata de explicar prácticamente todos los fenómenos ligados a la existencia humana. El psicoanálisis lacaniano provee algunas claves que contribuyen a la configuración de un pensamiento crítico sobre este rasgo de nuestra época, a la vez que enriquece un debate epistemológico que sigue siendo vigente y necesario. En este artículo realizo un recorrido sobre la relación psicoanálisis y ciencia, situando algunas distinciones entre la ciencia moderna, la tecno-ciencia y el cientificismo, analizando sus puntos de convergencia y divergencia con el psicoanálisis, y proponiendo interrogantes sobre las vicisitudes del sujeto en el marco de un nuevo discurso, producido por la alianza de la ciencia con el capitalismo liberal.

« تمایز میان انسان و حیوان به‌صورت تفاوت میان دو تراز زندگی درآمده است: زندگی در تراز جسم یا زیست‌شناسی که بین انسان ‏و ‏سایر موجودات قلمرو حیوانات مشترک است و زندگی اجتماعی یا سیاسی که انسان را در میان جانداران بی‌همتا می‌سازد. این ‏قرائت از وضع بشر زاییده تجربه دو جنگ جهانی و دو نظام تام‌گرای سیاسی است و به‌تازگی چرخشی تراژیک و قالبی ‏رادیکال ‏یافته است و محور تحلیل وضعیت پناهجویان و آوارگان و قربانیان فقر و سلطه شده است، تحلیلی که اردوگاه را نمونه ‏تمام‌عیار ‏تمثال زیست‌سیاسی معرفی می‌کند.... بازشناسی کامل زندگی آدمی در این تاریخ نهفته است، تاریخی که طبیعت بر لوح آن نقش بسته ‏است. زندگی‌نامه بر زیست‌شناسی ‏غلبه می‌کند و تاریخ بر طبیعت... زنده‌ماندن یعنی همچنان کاملاً زنده‌بودن و زیستن در ورای ‏مرگ، یعنی «تأیید بی‌چون‌وچرای» زندگی و لذتِ زیستن، و امیدِ «بقا» و ‌‏«زنده‌ماندن» از طریق رد پاهایی که برای زندگان به‌جا ‏مانده است.‏.. این ژستی اخلاقی است که از آشکارترین و عادی‌ترین جنبه زندگی اعاده حیثیت می‌کند ــ از زندگی‌ای که افقش ‏را ‏مرگ شکل می‌دهد اما از زندگی به‌منزله صورتی اجتماعی، حک‌شده در یک تاریخ مشخص، جدا نمی‌شود، از زندگی در مقام ‏یک ‏فرهنگ، یک تجربه.‏

El ideario liberal ha concebido una propuesta de reforma policial democrática que cree en la profesionalización de la policía como institución de gobierno, garante de derechos. Sin embargo, esa concepción ideal se topa con una policía real como agencia burocrática encargada de la vigilancia y control de las poblaciones, siendo funcional a los dispositivos que, en la propuesta de Foucault, configuran al poder disciplinario y la gubernamentalidad. La policía que nació como arte de gobernar es hoy el antónimo de la política.

This conceptual article draws on literature in the sociology of science on modelling. The authors suggest that if state theory can be conceptualized as an ‘engine’ rather than merely a 'camera’, in that policy is mobilized to make the world fit the theory, then this has implications for conceptualizing states. To examine this possibility the authors look through the lens of actor-network theory (ANT) and in doing so articulate a relationship between two models of the state in the literature. They find that an ‘actor model’ of the state is accepted by many scholars, few of whom develop ‘network models’ of the state. In response, this study introduces an actor-network model and proposes that its contribution to state theory is in rethinking the character of modern states to be the outcome of actually performed assemblages of all those practices of building it, protecting it, governing it and theorizing about it.

This article reconstructs some of the antecedents of Hegel’s theory of crime and punishment in the philosophy of law in the light of the question of the role of coercion in his justification of criminal punishment and his notion of law. It is shown how the normative discussion of punishment and crime implies in his philosophy the question of the legitimacy of criminal law to enforce the law by means of punishment. Likewise, Hegel’s analysis is placed as part of the Enlightenment reform of punishment, and it is proposed to understand his theory as a mixed theory, in contrast with theories that affirm a primarily retributivist reading. The aim of this article is to analyze the theoretical context and historical background of his theory of crime and punishment crystallized in the Berlin Foundations of the Philosophy of Right.  To conclude, it is argued that Hegel’s theory is a mixed theory, i.e., that it combines its retributive character with additional social functions, such as deterrence and rehabilitation, and the thesis that Hegel’s most substantive theory of punishment is contained in Abstract Law is rejected. It is also shown that the full justification of the legitimation of punishment (Strafe) is only achieved in the dimension of the Administration of Justice in the Civil Society section.

El libro de Luciana Cadahia, Mediaciones de lo sensible: hacia una economía crítica de los dispositivos, se propone reactivar el concepto de dispositivo desde una perspectiva foucaultiana, la cual, en lugar de contraponer enteramente las nociones de poder y emancipación, en-tiende las operaciones de contaminación y de mutua potenciación entre ambas. Con ello, la perspectiva de Cadahia le permite pensar en una crítica política del presente que, en lugar de entender la resistencia política como resistencia al poder, busca más bien entender los modos como, al interior del derecho y del Estado, se puede configurar tam-bién un espacio productivo de resistencia. Para hacerlo, Cadahia traza una genealogía del concepto de dispositivo en los autores del idealis-mo alemán Friedrich Schiller y G. W. F. Hegel, en la que encuentra una posibilidad de rescatar la potencia mediadora del concepto de disposi-tivo vis a vis una interpretación exclusivamente negativa del mismo en * Los siguientes comentarios fueron leídos en una primera versión en la presentación del libro de Luciana Cadahia organizado por el Departamento de Filosofía de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana el 4 de mayo de 2018. Presenté el libro en compañía de Jorge Aurelio Díaz, quien ha publicado sus comentarios en un número anterior de Ideas y Valores (cf. Díaz). A continuación, más que una reseña, se presentan las preguntas y discusiones que me surgieron de la lectura del libro de Cadahia, junto con la respuesta de la autora.

V pričujočem članku skušamo vzporejati Foucaultovo teorijo z nekaterimi temeljnimi problemi iz zgodovine in teorije zgodovinopisja. Foucaultov pristop je v tem kontekstu lahko zelo uporaben, saj se zoperstavlja tako zgodovinskim univerzalijam kot tudi instrumentalizaciji zgodovinopisja. Posebej se osredotočamo na vprašanje ali naj bo zgodovinopisje zgolj resnica o preteklosti ali naj vsebuje tudi nasvete in priporočila za sedanjost. Analiza nas pripelje do skrajno skeptične metode zgodovinopisja, kar v praksi implicira dvom in konstantno samoizpraševanje samih temeljev zgodovinopisja.

Abstract: The text discusses the hypothesis that Arendt’s notion of singularization and Foucault’s notion of subjectivation offer important conceptual contributions to understanding who are the actors and how do they act together in the new and autonomous political collectives. In this text I take under consideration a post-identitarian minorities collective and an eco-esthetical-political collective concerned with the issue of urban mobility. The text is divided into three main parts. Firstly, I discuss Arendt’s notion of political action as the manifestation of the political agents’ singularity, closely connected to her understanding of politics as an end in itself. The manifestation of the agent’s singularity seems to be an important conceptual way to understanding new forms of political engagement that do not limit themselves to calculating the balance between victories and defeats, thus culminating in an overcoming of any instrumental conception of politics. Secondly I discuss Foucault’s notion of ethico-political subjectivation and argue that it presents important contributions to understanding the praxis of the new political collectives, which demand from their participants that they engage in critical and reflexive practices of self-transformation. Thirdly I intend to show which are the theoretical gains derived from the understanding of the political collectives thru Arendt’s and Foucault’s notions of singularization and subjectivation: I believe that they allow us to stress the political potency, both singular and plural, of new political manifestations understood as living experiences dedicated to promoting new forms of articulating life and politics.
Key-words: singularization, subjectivation, Arendt, Foucault, political collectives.

This research paper investigates the use of photography as subversive image of reality. The paper seeks to understand how photography has been used to destabilise notions of identity, body and place in order to upset normative mores and sensibilities. The paper asks what rules are in place to govern these transgressive potentialities in local, national and international arts policy and argues that prohibitions on the display of such transgressive acts are difficult to enforce.

Los últimos cursos que Michel Foucault impartió en el Collège de France constituyen una reflexión fascinante en torno a las prácticas de constitución de 'sí mismo y de los otros' en la filosofía antigua. De estas, la parrhesía (el decir lo veraz, el hablar franco) ocupa un lugar central. En la parrhesía, Foucault advierte una práctica que constituye un tipo de subjetividad perdido con los siglos. Una subjetividad que en su origen fue absolutamente relevante para la política y en especial para la política democrática. ¿Cuáles son los rasgos de esta parrhesía? ¿Cuáles son sus inscripciones teóricas y políticas actuales? Este libro surge de un seminario sobre Foucault y la parrhesía, de seis sesiones que el autor ofreció en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. El formato del texto sigue el esquema del discurso hablado y buscar recrear un registro poco explorado en la teoría contemporánea: el registro seminarial. Como es sabido, se trata de un recurso que el propio Foucault practicó con abundancia-más allá de su intención o no de que fueran sus clases finalmente publicadas-. El propósito aquí es, por cierto, más modesto y busca explícitamente «usar» ese registro en lo que este proporciona, a saber: una reflexión en curso y en movimiento, abierta y llena de puntos suspensivos.

El presente escrito sostiene que es posible recuperar como legado foucaulteano para los debates contemporáneos acerca de la especificidad del trabajo filosófico la centralidad de la noción de problematización, comprendida como indicador de un objeto específico de análisis; la arqueología, como modo privilegiado de acceso al mismo; y la historia del pensamiento como empresa mayor en la cual objeto y modo de acceso se inscriben. Para ello, el escrito indaga, en una primera parte, la especificidad de la problematización foucaulteana como objeto de interés para el trabajo intelectual. En esta instancia se discuten dos sentidos de la noción de problematización a través de algunas referencias realizadas sobre el trabajo de Carol  Bacchi. En un segundo momento, se explora el modo en que el análisis de las formas de problematización se integra en el proyecto de una historia del pensamiento. Para ello se vinculan las nociones de pensamiento y problematización a partir de la especificidad de los juegos de verdad. Esta dirección indica el camino a la última parte del escrito, en la que se recuperan los elementos constitutivos de la arqueología, asumida como modo de acceso privilegiado para el análisis de las formas de problematización, en el marco mayor de una historia del pensamiento.

Using Foucault’s conceptualization of neoliberal governmentality, the present book chapter aims to demonstrate that neoliberalism is bodily experienced and entangled with South Korean young adults’ practices who spend their nighttime at 24hr cafes in Seoul. For that, I draw upon semi-structured interviews with twenty South Koreans in their early 20s, who currently attend or have taken a leave of absence from their universities to prepare for exams for future employment, and whose main nighttime
practice is gongbu in Korean, or simply put, ‘study.’ I first review South Korea’s economic change and youth’s precarious lives. I then discuss the relationship between such unfavorable socio-economic and political situation and youth’s night-time practice of study at cafés through the three related questions: (1) Why do these young adults engage in study at night in lieu of normal sleep schedule? (2) How do their fatigue become endurable and rationalized? and (3) Why do they work late at cafés instead of their home, or in any other space? I conclude by demonstrating that my research participants’ nocturnal practices are an embodied form of neoliberalism in which young adults take care of themselves. The case study will affirm that
neoliberalism is not just implemented in youth’s lives but bodily experienced and differently and ongoingly adjusted.

Ana Sayfa
AFRİKA
AMERİKA
ASYA
AVRUPA
BALKANLAR
KAFKASYA
OKYANUSYA
ORTADOĞU
TÜRK DIŞ POLİTİKASI
DİĞERLERİ
MICHEL FOUCAULT’YU ANLAMAK
UPA-ADMİN 16 EYLÜL 2017 1.975 OKUNMA 0
MICHEL FOUCAULT’YU ANLAMAK
“J’ai quitté mon pays

J’ai quitté ma maison

Ma vie, ma triste vie

Se traîne sans raison”

Sanatçı: Enrico Macias, Albüm: A l’Olympia, 1964, “J’ai quitté mon pays” şarkısından…[1]



EĞİTİM HAYATI VE ESERLERİ – 1946-1962

15 Ekim 1926 yılında Fransa’nın Poitiers kentinde doğan Michel Foucault, doktor olan babasının tercihi üzerine Katolik okulunda eğitim görmeye başlamıştır. Ardından Paris’te bulunan W. Henry Lisesi’nde ilk felsefe eğitimini Hegel’in Zihnin Fenomenolojisi adlı eserini Fransızcaya çevirmiş ve yorumlamış olan Jean Hyppolite’den almıştır.

1946 yılında Fransa’nın en gözde eğitim kurumlarından biri olan Ecole Normale Superieure’den (Yüksek Öğretmen Okulu) kabul alarak çalışmalarına başlamıştır. 1948’de ilk olarak “Felsefe”, 1949 yılında ise “Psikoloji” bölümlerini okuyarak diplomasını almıştır. Ecole Normale’den 23 yaşından mezun olarak felsefe öğretmeni unvanı ile mezun olmuştur.

This article looks at the constitutional challenge filed before Colombia’s Constitutional Court that sought to include conscientious objection within the grounds for exemption from compulsory military service, as an example of strategic litigation by legal clinics and social movements. It analyzes the discourses of different actors to shed new light on the translation of a social claim into a legal one, and examines in particular the way in which these discourses relate to each other, and are interpreted and restricted. It aims to show that, in addition to the legal benefits, it is relevant to keep in mind other, less evident aspects and implications for social movements (such as reliance on experts as intermediaries who can translate lay/non-expert claims into legal language), when considering the best strategy to promote and protect their claims.

Currently, studies on collectively organized and confrontational resistance tend to dominate the field of resistance studies. In a different vein, this paper argues that the most powerful practice of dissent works as a form of constructive resistance that produce a slow transformation of values. The paper discusses strategies used by civil society organizations in Japan in order to establish alternative truths and thereby mobilize against poverty and pesticides. In the paper it is revealed how knowledge, which previously has remained invisible to mainstream perspectives, is more easily diffused if understood to represent 'the real' and, by this, provoke emotions. ARTICLE HISTORY

This paper explores the connections between financialisation in the green economy and the material commodification processes that underpin this economy. It argues that these connections are important and can be usefully conceived in terms of spaces of mutuality. These spaces of mutuality direct attention to the material processes of value creation at the level of real environmental assets. That these material processes appear thin, sluggish, fractured, hybridised or stalled in practice invites new modes of analytical engagement. One important mode of analysing these emergent green projects is to emphasise their status as durable processes of becoming or what could be called markets-in-the-making, by going beyond forms of market and economic reductionism. Michel Foucault's analysis of neoliberalism and his idea of " organising actions " prove useful in this regard. Foucauldian organising actions render markets-in-the-making projects visible as durable governmental apparatuses made of disparate elements that are geographically specific, historically contingent and are aligned with an overarching market telos. Drawing on an empirical case of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation plus carbon stock enhancement and sustainable forest management (REDD+) in Nigeria's Cross River, the paper analyses organising actions along four meta-processes – problematisations, visions, implementation, stabilisation. It concludes by highlighting the wider implications for work on environmental financialisation.

* Psychologe und Universitätsdozent, Master in Gesundheit und Psychoanalyse, Aufbaustudium zu Psychoonkologie. Mitglied des Masterstudiengangs für Sozialwissenschaften der Universidad Centroamericana J.S. Cañas-Universidad Don Bosco in El Salvador. Derzeit entwickelt der Autor eine Präsentation mit dem Titel "Die soziale Dekonstruktion der Trauer und der Horizont der Kontinuitäten" für die American Anthropological Association. EN | Abstract: We can study pain, chronic diseases and death from different angles to the biomedical model, to the perspectives and models of psychology, to palliative and terminal care, and even more, to the branch of medicine that scientifically studies pain and its treatment, algology. Abstract: Schmerz, chronische Krankheiten und Sterben kann aus anderen Blickwinkeln untersucht werden, als dem des biomedizinischen Modells, den Perspektiven und Modellen der Psychologie, der Palliativ-und Sterbebegleitung oder der Schmerztherapie.

Welcome to another episode of Fully Automated!

Today, we’re bringing you an interview with Dr. Vanessa Bilancetti, Lecturer in Political Sociology at UniNettuno University, in Rome. Vanessa is one of those rare scholars who can bring together Foucault and Marx, and apply them both to the interesting empirical questions of our time. In this episode, she’ll be talking with us about how we can approach their scholarship as a toolbox for analyzing European Governmentality in the context of post-financial crisis political economy.

Vanessa’s research interests include the European Union, financialisation, feminist political economy and critical European studies. I had the good fortune of meeting Vanessa at an online conference this summer, held by the Critical Political Economy Research Network. Vanessa was presenting a paper, called ‘How to study the commodification of social services following a gender perspective.’ Between sessions, we got talking about Foucault and how he is used in political economy, and I found Vanessa’s take on the inherent compatibilities between Foucault and Marx to be really interesting. She later sent me some of her research, which I read, and .. well, that’s when I decided I had to have her on for an interview!

Vanessa is an advocate of allowing the methods of Foucault with that of what she calls, “an anti-essentialist Marxism and a critical feminist political economy approach.” So, in this interview you’re going to hear me ask her to elaborate on that. We’re also going to talk about the case studies she presents in her published work, on the European Fiscal Compact. I’m very grateful to Vanessa for coming on the show, and I hope you enjoy the conversation.

Before I sign off here, just wanted to thank everyone who shared and commented on last week’s “special commentary episode” on the prominence of the K-Hive, in academia. Hope to do more of those “essay”-style pods, in the future.

We never ask for money for this show. However, if you enjoy it, please feel welcome to leave a rating on Apple Podcasts, or the podcast app of your choice. The ratings help improve the standing of the show, and help me book future guests for the show!

This chapter engages with Argentine-Brazilian late director Hector Babenco’s trilogy-like prison films: Pixote: a lei do mais fraco/Pixote (1980), O beijo da mulher aranha/Kiss of the Spider Woman (1985) and Carandiru (2003). It argues that these films successfully illustrate the engagement of Babenco’s work with issues concerning human rights violations in Brazilian prisons over a period of thirty years, which ended in the current century. By engaging with these three films, this chapter aims to demonstrate that despite depicting different contexts of imprisonment in two different countries (Brazil and an imaginary Latin American nation), Babenco’s work exposes human rights abuse and shows that the respective countries’ correctional systems apply more retrograde means of power assertion and control of inmates than the more sophisticated approach of the panopticon discussed by Foucault.

How can we create spaces for critical discussion about the European Union? Vanessa Bilancetti writes in response to Rachael Dickson Hillyard’s article on alternative approaches to EU Studies. Through her own research on institutional responses to the economic crisis, Vanessa Bilancetti identifies dissenting voices that can enrich an ongoing debate.

Paper delivered at the Authority and its Discourses conference, University of Boumerdès, Algeria, Oct. 19-21 2014

ABSTRACT: To say that in the current era of economic Darwinism, in which economics drives politics transforming citizens into superconsumers, authority is diffuse, is by no means new. But how is this diffuse set of relationships, uncannily reminiscent of gravity, in the sense that it is both invisible and intangible, but nevertheless ‘pulls’ all the time, produced?

The aim of this paper is to articulate the processes by which networked society produces subtextual authority through engaged followership.  Bypassing the active-passive, external-internal polarity characteristic of overt authority (Milgram) as well as of internalised subjugation (Butler), engaged followership refers mostly to the new media’s viral ability to create tight feedback loops and in this way trigger dependent, addictive behaviour. It also refers to the unprecedented opportunities for behavioural citationality afforded by the new media. Building on Hannah Arendt’s work on citationality – in which the individual merely ‘cites’ or ‘re-enacts’ an already existing form of behaviour – and, on Giorgio Agamben’s parallel between the concentration camps’ state of emergency and the state of permanent emergency favoured by contemporary politics, this paper argues for a residual form of authority. Arising from the ‘base’, this form of authority thrives on mistaken assumptions characteristic of pluralistic ignorance (the performatively and linguistically inaugurated belief that others know more or better) and is the antithesis of the pre-‘post-authoritarian’ notion of authority, seen as (at least partially) related to knowledge, or to claims to knowledge.

Drawing on Foucault’s idea that identities are created through different forms of discourse, and that this act is in itself a form of exercising power, this article provides a critical reading of key deci- sions by the Constitutional Court of Colombia concerning the issue of sex assignment surgery on intersex children. The Foucauldian per- spective (supported by subsequent theories that have developed and applied Foucault’s ideas particularly to legal discourse) helps illustrate how the arguments made by the Court have been actively involved in the construction of a certain kind of identity. This occurred despite the appearance of neutrality of that Court’s discourse, which in part relies upon the testimony of interdisciplinary experts during its search for the “true sex” of the minors that suffer an “anomaly” in these cases.