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Previous research on vertebrate limb regeneration indicates there are several mediating factors involved during the re-growth process. These factors are both biochemical and biophysical. While the phenomenon of adult limb regeneration does not occur naturally in mammalian species, prior research has focused mainly on biochemical modes of stimulating tissue growth and regeneration. The BioDome was aimed at developing a new experimental tool to permit the more systematic study of the impact of biophysical and biochemical factors on mammalian tissue regeneration. The BioDome is a multi-component sleeve assembly that encompasses the wound site of an amputated murine digit and provides an environment conducive to tissue regeneration. The studies showed that the BioDome was effective in supporting early stages of murine digit tip regeneration when combined with a porcine urinary bladder matrix (UBM) pepsin digest and electrical stimulation. The hydrated inner environment of the BioDome in...

The present-day Muslims, in addressing the con­temporary issue of governance, may not necessa­rily have to object to the way, or ways, it has been understood and defined by their Western counter­parts. Yet, they can still offer a more rather refined description of it which, as this article suggests,may come in the form of tadbīr being an essential constituent of governance. By elaborating on the concept projected by the term through a detailed explanation of its basic and derived meanings, both lexically and within the context of the Qurʾān and the Prophetic Traditions, as well as their vari­ous ethico-teleological implications, the article basically demonstrates that tadbīr in the religious, intellectual and scientific tradition of Islām is both thinking and act which are organically aimed at obtai­ning good outcomes and, when specifically applied to man, means the intellectual deliberation over the out­come of an affair, followed either by its implementation if the outcome is praiseworthy or its rejection if the result is estimated to be blameworthy.

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We want to explain how any mathematical theory is committed to a pulsation between algebra and topology. 1) Our main aim is to show on one hand how every theory is an algebraic one, according to various notions of an algebraic theory, through sketches and up to figurative algebras, that is to say a question of equations between laws of composition of figures; and on the other hand how every theory is topological or toposical (toposique), that is to say an expression of facts of continuity and a geometrical organisation of these facts (but this approach comes an ambiguity). So we get insights into a possible construction of an Algebraic Theory similar to the Algebraic Geometry of Grothendieck. It could be underlined also that on the way we prove two new facts which are essential to our analysis, one of a general nature, and the other which is a rather peculiar observation: 2.1) We lay stress on figurative algebras, and as a by-product we get that : every category of models is the ful...

Weak psychological egoism is the doctrine that anything an agent does intentionally, that agent does at least expecting thereby to realize one of her self-regarding ends.(Strong psychological egoism, by contrast, is the doctrine that agents act always intending thereby ...

The article examines the application of Aristotelian causes to human life as a whole, the notion of end final cause and the plurality of human life ends. The conclusion is made that the plurality of ends existing among people is not something accidental or wrong, but, on the contrary, testifies to human freedom and needs to be constantly expanded.

В статье рассматриваются применение аристотелевских причин к человеческой жизни как к целому, понятие конечной целевой причины и множественность конечных целей человека. Делается вывод о том, что множественность бытующих среди людей конечных целей не является чем-то случайным или неправильным, но, напротив, свидетельствует о человеческой свободе и нуждается в постоянном расширении.

Foundational principle of Spinoza’s theory about Happiness is his new conception of non-personal God. In this way, he begins with recognizing the reasons of anthropomorphism and criticizes the personal God. In this article by conceptual systematism method, these critiques have been discussed. In Spinoza’s view the first reason of anthropomorphic conceptions is insufficient ideas about God. Spinoza by criticizing the idea of “creator God” and “creatio ex nihilo”, refuses the attributes of intellect, will and wisdom (having end in action) from God, and thereby concludes that ethical properia as good and bad and emotional effections do not fit to God.

Abstract: Let be an infinite, locally finite, connected graph with dis-tance function δ. Given a ray P in and a constant C ≥ 1, a vertex-sequence {xn}∞ n=0 ⊆ VP is said to be regulated by C if, for all n ∈ N, xn+1 never pre-cedes xn on P, each vertex of P appears at most C times ...

In Ben Mabrouk and Ben Mohamed (2006) [A. Ben Mabrouk, M.L. Ben Mohamed, On some critical and slightly super-critical sub-superlinear equations. Far East J. Appl. Math. 23(1) (2006) 73–90, Special Volume of PDEs; A. Ben Mabrouk, M.L. Ben Mohamed, Nodal solutions for some nonlinear elliptic equations, Appl. Math. Comp., in press, doi:10.1016/j.amc.2006.08.003], it has proved some theoretical results dealing with some boundary value problem Δu + f(u) = 0 in B and u = 0 on ∂B, where B is a domain in RdRd with smooth boundary. In the present paper, we perform a difference scheme method to approximate the solution of a nonlinear evolutionary problem associated to the elliptic problem studied in Ben Mabrouk and Ben Mohamed (2006). We give at the end some numerical implementations based on a mixed sublinear superlinear term of the form f(u) = ∣u∣p−1u + λ∣u∣q−1u.

We continue the study of combinatorial property testing. For a property ψ, an ɛ-test for ψ, for 0 ≤ 1, is a randomized algorithm that given an input x, returns “yes” if x satisfies ψ, and returns “no” with high probability if x is ɛ-far from satisfying ψ, where ɛ-far essentially means that an ɛ-fraction of x needs to be changed in order for it to satisfy ψ. In [AKNS99], Alon et al. show that regular languages are ɛ-testable with a constant (depends on ψ and ɛ and independent of x) number of queries. We extend the result in [AKNS99] to ω-regular languages: given a nondeterministic Büchi automaton A on infinite words and a small ɛ > 0, we describe an algorithm that gets as input an infinite lasso-shape word of the form x · y ω, for finite words x and y, samples only a constant number of letters in x and y, returns “yes” if w ∈ L(A), and returns “no” with probability 2/3 if w is ɛ-far from L(A). We also discuss the applicability of property testing to formal verification, where ω-regular languages are used for the specification of the behavior of nonterminating reactive systems, and computations correspond to lasso-shape words.

An error analysis result is given for classical Gram--Schmidt factorization of a full rank matrix A into A=QR where Q is left orthogonal (has orthonormal columns) and R is upper triangular. The work presented here shows that the computed R satisfies R=A+E where E is an appropriately small backward error, but only if the diagonals of R are computed in a manner similar to Cholesky factorization of the normal equations matrix. A similar result is stated in [Giraud at al, Numer. Math. 101(1):87--100,2005]. However, for that result to hold, the diagonals of R must be computed in the manner recommended in this work.

1. Virus Res. 1999 Apr;60(2):191-7. HIV-1 subtype B in Honduras. Renjifo B, Blackard JT, Klaskala W, Chaplin BR, Shah P, McLane MF, Barin F, Esparza J, Zelaya JE, Osmanov S, Soto R, Fernandez JA, Baum MK, Essex ME. Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. ...