WO2010055943A1 - 磁性不感高硬度恒弾性合金及びその製造法、並びにひげぜんまい、機械式駆動装置及び時計 - Google Patents
磁性不感高硬度恒弾性合金及びその製造法、並びにひげぜんまい、機械式駆動装置及び時計 Download PDFInfo
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/007—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Co
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0242—Flattening; Dressing; Flexing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0075—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rods of limited length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
- G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
- G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
- G04B43/007—Antimagnetic alloys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a constant elastic alloy. More specifically, the present invention relates to a Fe-Co-Ni-Cr-Mo-based constant elastic alloy, a balance spring made of the alloy, and a mechanical drive including the balance spring.
- the present invention relates to a device and a timepiece incorporating the mechanical drive device.
- the present invention relates to a Fe—Co—Ni—Cr—Mo-based constant elastic alloy having magnetic insensitivity and impact resistance.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 31-10507 relates to a Fe—Co—Ni—Cr—Mo—W-based constant elastic alloy, whose composition is 8 to 68% Fe by weight, 1 to 75% Co. , 0.1 to 50% Ni and 0.01 to 20% Cr as main components, and further containing 2 to 20% W and 2 to 20% Mo.
- the manufacturing method involves casting a molten alloy, forging the ingot, drawing or rolling at room temperature or high temperature according to the application to obtain the required shape, annealing at 500 to 1100 ° C, and then slow cooling. It is. Alternatively, it can be processed at room temperature after annealing, then heated to 750 ° C. or lower and gradually cooled, and / or the ingot can be quenched from a high temperature. Therefore, the intermediate heat treatment after the drawing process is not described.
- Non-Patent Document 1 “Anisotropy of Elastic Modulus and Temperature Change of High Elastic Alloy“ Dia-flex ”Single Crystal”, Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals, Vol. 31, No. 3 (1967), p.263-268 Composition of 22.4% Fe, 38.0% Co, 16.5% Ni, 12.0% Cr, 4.0% Mo, 4.0% W, 1.2% Mn, 1.0% Ti and 0.8% Si included in the composition range of 1 (wt%)
- Anisotropy of Young's modulus of a single crystal having Dia-flex has a “high” elastic modulus and is used for power springs, but is not a constant elastic alloy.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes that the orientation of a highly elastic alloy currently used as a commercially available power spring is mainly ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 112> having a small Young's modulus.
- the polycrystalline multi-element face centered cubic lattice alloy the relationship between the texture and the constant elastic properties has not been clarified.
- Fig. 1 shows a thin plate obtained by rolling a wire rod processed at a drawing rate of 85.3% with a rolling rate of 50% at 650 ° C for Alloy No. I (Comparative Example), Alloy No. II (Comparative Example) and Alloy No. 12.
- Alloy number I is a commercially available constant elastic alloy (registered trademark of one applicant: Elcoloy) having a composition of Fe-27.7% Co-15.0% Ni-5.3% Cr-4.0% Mo.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between Young's modulus and measurement temperature for a thin plate sample of the alloy.
- the constant elastic properties are within a flat range of the Young's modulus-temperature curve near room temperature of 0 to 40 ° C. After obtaining this and making it a hairspring, it is incorporated into a mechanical drive and used in a watch.
- This alloy has a magnetic transformation point Tc of 200 ° C., near the top of the peak of the Young's modulus curve, and has a large saturation magnetic flux density of 8100 G. Therefore, as described in detail below, there is a problem that the magnetic field is easily magnetized by an external magnetic field.
- a constant elastic alloy used in a hairspring, a mechanical drive device, and a timepiece is a ferromagnetic alloy having a high saturation magnetic flux density, and thus its accuracy is significantly influenced by the magnitude of an external magnetic field.
- the structure of the timepiece becomes complicated if a magnetic-shielding structure is incorporated in the timepiece.
- the characteristics of the constant elastic alloy necessary for the accuracy of the timepiece are as follows.
- the Young's modulus is high, (c) the Young's modulus has a low temperature coefficient, and (d) has a hardness capable of exhibiting impact resistance that can sufficiently withstand external impacts.
- the present invention provides a Fe—Co—Ni—Cr—Mo-based constant elastic alloy that reduces the saturation magnetic flux density to make it weak magnetic and satisfies the above-mentioned various characteristics (a) to (d) by texture control. The purpose is to provide.
- the present inventor has intensively studied to develop a constant elastic alloy that is insensitive to an external magnetic field.
- the development of the constant elastic properties is derived from magnetism, it is extremely difficult to satisfy both physical properties of weak magnetism and constant elastic properties at the same time.
- the present inventor first made a fine blending adjustment of the ferromagnetic elements of the constant elastic alloy of Patent Document 1, that is, Fe, Co, Ni and nonmagnetic elements, such as Cr, Mo, Although research was conducted in detail, it was not possible to realize a constant elastic property at the same time as weakening by adjusting the components alone. That is, Alloy No. II and Alloy No. 12 in FIG.
- the relationship with temperature is shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, when the amount of the nonmagnetic elements Cr and Mo is increased, the peak of the Young's modulus-temperature curve moves to the low temperature side and becomes weak magnetic. That is, when the amount of the nonmagnetic element is increased, although not shown, the saturation magnetic flux density decreases and the magnetic transformation point Tc moves to the low temperature side.
- Alloy No. 12 shown in FIG. 1 is a comparative example shown in Table 1 (drawn with a reduction rate of 85.3%, heated at 650 ° C. for 2 hours after rolling with a reduction rate of 50%, but without intermediate heat treatment) 2) and belongs to the composition range of the present invention as shown in FIG. 2, but the ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 111> texture was not intentionally formed.
- the features of the present invention are as follows. (1) In the first invention, in terms of atomic weight ratio, Co20-40% and Ni7-22% total 42.0-49.5%, Cr5-13% and Mo1-6% total 13.5-16.0%, and the balance is substantially In addition, in a constant elastic alloy composed of Fe (provided that Fe 37% or more) and inevitable impurities, the texture is ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 111>, the saturation magnetic flux density is 2500-3500 G, and the Young's modulus temperature coefficient at 0-40 ° C.
- the present invention relates to a magnetic insensitive high hardness constant elastic alloy having (-5 to +5) ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ° C. ⁇ 1 and Vickers hardness of 350 to 550.
- W, V, Cu, Mn, Al, Si, Ti, Be, B, C are each 5% or less, Nb, Ta, Au, Ag, platinum group elements, Zr, Item (1) above, further containing 0.001 to 10% in total of 1% or more of Hf ⁇ of 3% or less, and the total of the Cr and Mo and the subcomponents being 13.5 to 16.0%
- the present invention relates to a magnetic insensitive high hardness constant elastic alloy.
- the ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 111> texture is obtained by repeatedly drawing a material having a non-oriented structure and an intermediate heat treatment at 800 to 950 ° C. After forming the formed wire, the wire is further rolled into a thin plate at a predetermined processing rate, and then the thin plate is heated at a temperature of 580 to 700 ° C.
- the present invention relates to a magnetic insensitive high hardness constant elastic alloy as described in the item (2).
- the fourth invention contains Co24.0-38.5%, Ni7.5-21.0%, Cr6.0-11.6% and Mo1.5-5.5% by atomic weight ratio as described in the above item (3)
- the present invention relates to a magnetic insensitive high hardness constant elastic alloy.
- the fifth aspect of the present invention is the above (4), which contains Co 30.0 to 35.0%, Ni 10.0 to 18.0%, Cr 8.0 to 11.0%, and Mo 2.5 to 5.5% by atomic weight ratio. It relates to the magnetically insensitive high hardness constant elastic alloy described.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention is the magnetically insensitive high hardness constant elasticity according to the above (4) or (5), wherein the drawing ratio of drawing is 92.8 to 99.9% and the rolling reduction ratio is 40 to 80%. Regarding alloys.
- the seventh invention relates to a hairspring comprising the magnetically insensitive high hardness constant elastic alloy according to any one of the above (1) to (6).
- the eighth invention relates to a mechanical drive device including the hairspring according to the above item (7).
- a ninth invention relates to a timepiece including the mechanical drive device described in the above item (8).
- an alloy having the composition described in (1) or (2) above is processed into an appropriate shape by forging and hot working, and heated at a temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher and lower than the melting point. Homogenize and cool, then repeat drawing process and intermediate heat treatment at 800-950 ° C, and after drawing into a wire with a processing rate of 90% or more, reduce the wire to a reduction rate of 20% or more
- a method for producing a magnetically insensitive high-hardness constant-elastic alloy characterized in that after rolling into a thin plate, the thin plate is heated at a temperature of 580 to 700 ° C.
- the alloy contains Co 24.0 to 38.5%, Ni 7.5 to 21.0%, Cr 6.0 to 11.6%, and Mo 1.5 to 5.5% or less in atomic weight ratio ( It is related with the manufacturing method of the magnetic insensitive high-hardness constant elastic alloy of 10 description.
- the alloy contains Co30.0 to 35.0%, Ni10.0 to 18.0%, Cr8.0 to 11.0%, and Mo2.5 to 5.5% in atomic weight ratio (10
- This relates to a method for producing a magnetically insensitive high-hardness constant elastic alloy as described in the above item.
- the present invention will be described in the order of the composition, texture, and characteristics of the constant elastic alloy, the balance spring, the mechanical drive device, the timepiece, and the manufacturing method.
- the alloy composition is a total of 42.0 to 49.5% of Co20 to 40% and Ni7 to 22%, a total of 13.5 to 16.0% of Cr5 to 13% and Mo1 to 6%, and the balance is substantially Fe (however, Fe 37% or more) and inevitable impurities were limited because of the fact that the alloy in this composition range was controlled to ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 111>, as is apparent from each example, each table and each drawing.
- the saturation magnetic flux density is 2500-3500G
- the temperature coefficient of Young's modulus at 0-40 ° C is (-5- + 5) ⁇ 10 -5 ° C -1
- the Vickers hardness is 350-550.
- the saturation magnetic flux density is less than 2500G or more than 3500G. and 0 the temperature coefficient of the Young's modulus at ⁇ 40 ° C. of greater than -5 ⁇ 10 -5 °C -1, or less than 5 ⁇ 10 -5 °C -1, Vickers - scan hard Even exceed 350 or less than 550, because magnetic insensitive high-hardness constant modulus alloy is not obtained.
- the total amount of Cr and Mo is less than 13.5% or exceeds 16.0%, desired properties cannot be obtained even if texture control is performed.
- compositions are Co24.0 to 38.5%, Ni 7.5 to 21.0%, Cr6.0 to 11.6%, Mo1.5 to 5.5%, and more particularly preferable compositions are Co30.0 to 35.0%, Ni10.0 to Contains 18.0%, Cr8.0-11.0% and Mo2.5-5.5%.
- W, V, Cu, Mn, Al, Si, Ti, Be, B, C are less than 5% each, and Nb, Ta, Au, Ag, platinum group elements, Zr, Hf are each 3% as subcomponents.
- Nb, Ta, Au, Ag, platinum group elements, Zr, Hf are each 3% as subcomponents.
- W, V, Cu, Mn, Al, Si, Ti, Be, B, C are less than 5% each
- Nb, Ta, Au, Ag, platinum group elements, Zr, Hf are each 3% as subcomponents.
- Addition of Mn, Al, Si, or Ti when deoxidation / desulfurization is required has the effect of improving forging and processing, and any of W, V, Nb, Ta, and platinum group elements can be used.
- the platinum group element is composed of Pt, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pd, and Os, but the effect is uniform and can be regarded as a component with the same effect.
- the sum of the subcomponents and Cr, Mo be in the range of 13.5 to 16.0%.
- the balance of the above composition is impurities inevitably contained due to Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mo and the like.
- FIG. 2 shows a saturation magnetic flux density Bs of 2500 G and 3500 G for a Fe- (Co + Ni)-(Cr + Mo + ⁇ ) pseudo ternary alloy ( ⁇ : secondary component) having a ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 111> texture. And -5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ° C ⁇ 1 and 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ° C ⁇ 1 contours of temperature coefficient e of Young's modulus at 0 to 40 ° C (however, the unit of ° C -1 is omitted in the figure) It is shown at the same time.
- Non-patent document 1 shows the ⁇ 111 ⁇ ⁇ 111> texture in which the ⁇ 111> direction showing the maximum Young's modulus foreseen for a single crystal is the largest in the Young's modulus oriented in the rolling direction.
- the saturation magnetic flux density is remarkably lowered by increasing the content of the nonmagnetic element, and by forming a ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 111> texture with a large Young's modulus, As the Young's modulus near room temperature below 40 ° C increases, the temperature coefficient decreases, and as a result, a weakly magnetic constant elastic alloy is realized.
- D In the ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 111> texture, the crystals on the surface of the rolled sheet are preferentially oriented parallel to the ⁇ 110 ⁇ plane, and appear in the cross section of the rolled sheet obtained by cutting the rolled sheet in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction. The crystal is preferentially oriented in the ⁇ 111> direction.
- ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 112> which is a texture of a known Fe-Co-Ni-Cr-Mo-W system face-centered cubic multielement high-elasticity alloy
- the texture of the present invention has a preferred orientation in the rolling direction. It is shifted 19.47 degrees compared with the known one.
- the ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 111> texture is a wire with a ⁇ 111> fiber structure developed by repeatedly drawing a material having an unoriented structure and an intermediate heat treatment at 800 to 950 ° C.
- the wire can be formed by rolling at a predetermined rolling reduction.
- Saturation magnetic flux density Alloy number I (comparative example) in Fig. 1 shows that the saturation magnetic flux density is 8100G, which is very high, while the alloy of the present invention has a saturation magnetic flux density of 2500-3500G. Corresponding to the low magnetic permeability. For this reason, the alloy of the present invention is insensitive to an external magnetic field, and is hardly magnetized by an external magnetic field in an environment where a device including a hairspring or the like is exposed. When the saturation magnetic flux density exceeds 3500G, weak magnetism is impaired.
- the saturation magnetic flux density is less than 2500 G
- the nonmagnetic metal content increases, so the magnetic transformation point Tc also decreases to 40 ° C or less, and the Young's modulus decreases rapidly at temperatures below Tc.
- the coefficient increases beyond 5 ⁇ 10 -5 ° C -1 . That is, when Tc is 40 ° C. or lower, the constant elastic property having a temperature coefficient of Young's modulus ( ⁇ 5 to +5) ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ° C. ⁇ 1 at 0 to 40 ° C. cannot be obtained.
- (B) Temperature coefficient of Young's modulus The temperature coefficient of Young's modulus of the present invention is as small as (-5 to +5) x10 -5 ° C -1 in the range of 0 to 40 ° C and has excellent constant elastic properties. Yes.
- the Young's modulus was measured by a free resonance method in the case of a wire, and by a dynamic viscoelastic method in the case of a thin plate.
- FIG. 3 a representative known balance spring is shown, generally having a cross-sectional width of about 0.1 mm and a thickness of about 0.03 mm.
- the constant elastic alloy of the present invention can be preferably used for such a hairspring.
- FIG. 4 shows a known component of a mechanical watch.
- a balance 340 and a balance spring 342 are components of the mechanical drive device.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the balance with hairspring and hairspring.
- FIG. 6 shows a timepiece, and the components shown in FIG. 4 are arranged on the back side of the dial.
- Patent Document 2 Republished Patent Publication WO01 / 053896, filed by one of the present applicants, in particular, FIGS. Section (1) ending on page 13, line 2; page 4, line 9 to page 5, bottom to line 7).
- the present inventors formed a non-oriented structure in the homogenization process for the manufacturing process of the hairspring material, and increased the orientation of ⁇ 111> fiber structure in the drawing process with an intermediate heat treatment, Then, when creating a balance spring thin plate by rolling, a ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 111> texture can be formed by rolling at a specific reduction ratio and heating at a predetermined temperature after rolling. It was. Hereinafter, it demonstrates in order of the process of this invention method.
- an appropriate melting furnace such as a high-frequency melting furnace in air, preferably in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (gas such as hydrogen, argon, nitrogen) or in vacuum 5%
- (C) Homogenization treatment The mixture is heated at a temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher and lower than the melting point, preferably 1150 to 1300 ° C. for an appropriate period of time, preferably 0.5 to 5 hours, followed by homogenization and cooling. If the homogenization temperature is less than 1100 ° C, the solidified structure remains, making it difficult to obtain a highly oriented fiber structure. On the other hand, if partial melting occurs, the effect of subsequent solidification appears. .
- FIG. 7 shows the orientation of the fiber structure, saturation magnetic flux density Bs, Young's modulus E of an alloy having the same composition as Alloy No. 12 (FIG. 1) after drawing at various working rates and then heating at 650 ° C. for 2 hours. And the relationship between the Vickers hardness Hv and the drawing rate.
- the orientation of the ⁇ 100> fiber axis decreases with increasing the processing rate, but the orientation of the ⁇ 111> fiber axis increases particularly significantly at a processing rate of 90% or more, and this is accompanied by the saturation magnetic flux density.
- Bs, Young's modulus E and Vickers hardness Hv also increase.
- FIG. 8 shows the orientation of the fiber structure when a wire material subjected to wire drawing with a processing rate of 99.9% is heated at various temperatures for an alloy having the same composition as Alloy No. 12. This shows the relationship with the heating temperature.
- Even in the intermediate heat treatment at temperatures below 800 ° C high orientation of ⁇ 111> fiber axes can be obtained, but the work hardening due to the work distortion of the drawing process has not yet sufficiently softened the structure, and the drawing process to be performed is difficult.
- the ⁇ 111> fiber axis decreases rapidly.
- the structure becomes a homogeneous and disordered structure having no preferred orientation, that is, a non-oriented structure. Therefore, after heating at a temperature of 1100 ° C or higher and below the melting point, once the solidified structure is erased to form a homogeneous and non-oriented structure, drawing is performed to form a wire, and then the wire is 800 to 950 By performing an intermediate heat treatment in the temperature range of ° C., a wire having a ⁇ 111> fiber axis with higher orientation can be obtained.
- the drawing rate of the present invention corresponds to the total rate of processing obtained by adding these up.
- FIG. 1 A ⁇ 111 ⁇ pole figure of the surface is shown in FIG.
- the orientation of the reverse pole figure and pole figure is EBSP (Electron Back Scattering Pattern Analy- sis) measured by analysis method. From this figure, it is clear that a highly oriented ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 111> texture is formed.
- the highly oriented ⁇ 111> fiber structure of the wire is rolled in the direction of the wire axis, only the fiber structure having the ⁇ 111> fiber axis is still retained in the rolling process with a rolling reduction of less than 20%.
- a ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 111> texture with a large Young's modulus appears, and a thin plate having constant elastic properties can be obtained.
- the formation of a fiber structure having a highly oriented ⁇ 111> fiber axis obtained by repeatedly performing a strong wire drawing process and an intermediate heat treatment has a large Young's modulus induced by the subsequent rolling process ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 111> It is the driving force that promotes the formation of texture. Therefore, the Young's modulus of the thin plate formed by rolling to form the ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 111> texture is generally larger than the Young's modulus of the wire of the ⁇ 111> fiber shaft.
- FIG. 11 shows that alloy No. 12 was drawn at various processing rates, then subjected to 50% rolling with a constant reduction in the direction of the axis of the wire, and a constant temperature of 650 ° C. 3 shows the relationship between the Young's modulus E of the thin plate and the measurement temperature when heated for 2 hours. As the drawing rate increases, the ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 111> texture with high Young's modulus is effectively formed, and the peak of the Young's modulus-temperature curve (Tc temperature) moves to the high temperature side of 40 ° C or higher.
- the Young's modulus E of 40 ° C or less also increases, and as a result, the temperature coefficient of Young's modulus at 0 to 40 ° C decreases when the processing rate is 90% or more, and ( -5 to +5) x 10 -5 ° C A constant elastic property of -1 is obtained. That is, as seen in the same alloy number 12 in FIG. 7, it is presumed that the drawing rate increases, the saturation magnetic flux density Bs increases, and the Tc also increases. It is thought that the peak of the Young's modulus-temperature curve has moved to the high temperature side.
- FIG. 12 shows a case where the same processing as in FIG. 11 is performed.
- FIG. 13 shows the saturation magnetic flux density Bs when the alloy No. 12 is drawn at a reduction rate of 99.9% and then rolled at a reduction rate of 50% in the direction of the wire axis and heated at various temperatures. This shows the relationship between the temperature coefficient e of Young's modulus and Vickers hardness Hv at 0 to 40 ° C. and the heating temperature.
- the heating temperature is preferably 580 to 700 ° C.
- the alloy of the present invention is weakly magnetized with a saturation magnetic flux density of 2500-3500G, it is insensitive to an external magnetic field and has a large Young's modulus by making it a texture of ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 111>, and its temperature coefficient Has a small (-5 to +5) ⁇ 10 -5 °C -1 , excellent constant elastic properties, large Vickers hardness of 350 to 550, and excellent impact resistance.
- a magnetic insensitive high hardness constant elastic alloy for use in mainsprings, mechanical drive devices and watches, but also as an elastic material used in general precision equipment requiring weak magnetic properties with high elasticity and constant elastic properties and strength Is also suitable.
- the round bar was heated at 1200 ° C. for 1.5 hours, homogenized, and then rapidly cooled.
- the round bar was subjected to cold drawing at room temperature to form a 10 mm wire, and then the wire was heated in vacuum at 930 ° C. for 2 hours for intermediate heat treatment.
- the wire was heated in a vacuum at 900 ° C. for 3 hours to perform an intermediate heat treatment.
- cold drawing was performed at room temperature to form a 2 mm wire, and then the wire was heated in vacuum at 880 ° C. for 3 hours to be subjected to an intermediate heat treatment.
- the wire was heated in a vacuum at 920 ° C. for 3 hours to be subjected to an intermediate heat treatment.
- the wire was subjected to cold drawing with a working rate within the range of 85.3 to 99.9% to obtain a wire with an appropriate diameter within the range of 0.5 to 0.01 mm.
- cold rolling is applied to a thin plate with an appropriate reduction rate within a range of 50 to 80%, and the thin plate is subjected to heat treatment at an appropriate temperature and time as shown in Table 1, so that various properties are obtained. Measurements were performed and the characteristic values shown in Table 1 were obtained.
- electrolytic iron, electrolytic nickel, electrolytic cobalt, electrolytic chromium, molybdenum, and 99.9% purity tungsten having the same purity as in Example 1 were used.
- 1.5 kg of the total weight of the raw material was placed in an alumina crucible, melted in a high-frequency induction electric furnace in an argon gas atmosphere with a total pressure of 10 ⁇ 1 MPa, and then stirred well to obtain a homogeneous molten alloy.
- the wire was subjected to cold drawing at room temperature to obtain a 2.0 mm wire, and then the wire was heated in a vacuum at 920 ° C. for 3 hours to be subjected to an intermediate heat treatment. Furthermore, after cold drawing at room temperature to obtain a 0.8 mm wire, the wire was heated in a vacuum at 900 ° C. for 4 hours and subjected to an intermediate heat treatment, and as shown in Table 2, 80.0-99.3% After forming a wire with an appropriate diameter at a processing rate of 40% and 70%, it is cold-rolled into a thin plate of an appropriate thickness at a rolling reduction of 40 to 70% as shown in Table 2. Heat treatment was performed over time, various characteristics were measured, and the characteristic values shown in Table 2 were obtained.
- a balance spring as shown in FIG. 3 was manufactured from a thin plate made of Example 1 (Alloy No. 12) and Example 2 (Alloy No. 24) and Alloy No. I (Comparative Example) in Table 7. After heat treatment at 2 ° C. for 2 hours, the balance spring was assembled into a mechanical drive device shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 and further incorporated into a watch as shown in FIG. Various characteristics of the watch were measured.
- a DC magnetic field of various magnitudes was applied from the outside using a device capable of applying a uniform magnetic field to the timepiece to be measured.
- the watch was placed with the dial face up in a DC magnetic field, and a DC magnetic field was applied from a direction parallel to the watch dial.
- the timepiece was rotated by 30 ° about the axis on which the hands are attached, and measurements were made in a total of 12 directions.
- Table 3 shows a summary of the incidence of stopping in 12 directions by checking the hand movement state of the timepiece in the applied magnetic field.
- Table 4 shows changes in the rate (delayed advance) of the timepiece where there is no magnetic field influence compared to before applying the magnetic field. .
- the characteristics and accuracy of the stop in the external magnetic field and the influence of the external magnetic field after removal from the magnetic field are also significantly higher than those of Alloy No. I (comparative example). Is clearly improved. Therefore, by using the hairspring of the present invention, the anti-magnetic performance of the timepiece that fully satisfies the two types of anti-magnetic timepieces specified by JIS without covering the entire movement with conventional soft magnetic iron. Can be remarkably improved.
- Comparative Examples I and II are compositions with a small total amount of Cr and Mo, which are nonmagnetic elements, have a high saturation magnetic flux density and a low Young's modulus.
- the present invention alloy is a weakly magnetic saturation flux density 2500 ⁇ 3500 G, insensitive to the external magnetic field, temperature coefficient of Young's modulus at 0 ⁇ 40 ° C. is (-5 ⁇ + 5) ⁇ 10 -5 °C - 1 small, excellent constant elastic properties, high Vickers hardness of 350 to 550, and excellent impact resistance, so constant elastic alloys for hairsprings, mechanical drives and watches As well as being suitable as a constant elastic and elastic material for general precision equipment that requires weak magnetism, high elasticity, high hardness and constant elastic properties, it makes a great contribution to the industry. It is.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of FIG. 4. It is the figure which showed the timepiece.
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the orientation of the fiber structure of the wire, the saturation magnetic flux density, the Young's modulus, the Vickers hardness, and the processing rate for Alloy No. 12.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the orientation of the fiber structure of the wire and the heating temperature for Alloy No. 12.
- FIG. 5 is an inverted pole figure of the fiber structure of the wire for Alloy No. 12. It is a ⁇ 111 ⁇ pole figure of a sheet rolling surface about alloy number 12.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the Young's modulus of the thin plate and the temperature for Alloy No. 12.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between Young's modulus of a thin plate, its temperature coefficient, Vickers hardness, and processing rate for Alloy No. 12.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the saturation magnetic flux density of a thin plate, the temperature coefficient of Young's modulus, the Vickers hardness, and the heating temperature for Alloy No. 12.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1:特公昭31-10507号公報は,Fe-Co-Ni-Cr-Mo-W系恒弾性合金に関するものであり、その組成は重量比で8~68%Fe、1~75%Co, 0.1~50%Ni及び0.01~20%Crを主成分とし、さらに2~20%W及び2~20%Moを含有するものである。
しかし、本発明者らの研究によると、ヤング率の温度係数(-5~+5)x10-5℃-1で、且つ飽和磁束密度が2500~3500Gの特性を得ることができるのは、その組成範囲の一部であることがわかった。また、特性としては線膨張係数及び弾性率の温度係数が測定されているが、磁気特性は測定されていない。製造方法は、溶融合金の鋳造、鋳塊の鍛練、用途に応じて常温又は高温で線引又は圧延などの加工を施して所要形状にした後、500~1100℃で焼鈍後徐冷するというものである。あるいは、焼鈍後常温加工し、次に750℃以下に加熱して徐冷するか、且つ/又は鋳塊を高温より焼入れすることができる。したがって、線引き加工後の中間熱処理は記載されていない。
E<100><E<110><E<111>
の関係がある。非特許文献1に掲載されているように、Fe-Co-Ni-Cr-Mo-W系合金のE<111>はE<100>の約3倍にも達する。
このように、面心立方格子合金の結晶方位の中で、<111>方位のヤング率E<111>は最も大きいが、単結晶の多元系面心立方格子合金においては、恒弾性特性は得られない。また、非特許文献1では、現在市販の動力ぜんまいとして用いられる高弾性合金の方位が主としてヤング率の小さい{110}<112>であると記載されている。
一方、多結晶の多元系面心立方格子合金においては,集合組織と恒弾性特性の関係は明らかになっていない。
以上のような状況に鑑み、時計の精度のために必要な恒弾性合金の特性は次のとおりである。(イ)飽和磁束密度が低く、弱磁性であり、外部磁界に対し不感であること。(ロ)ヤング率が高いこと、(ハ)ヤング率の温度係数が小さいこと、(ニ)外部からの衝撃に対しても充分耐えられる耐衝撃性を発現できる硬度を有していること。
よって、本発明は、飽和磁束密度を小さくして弱磁性にするとともに、集合組織制御により上記した各種特性(イ)~(ニ)を満足するFe-Co-Ni-Cr-Mo系恒弾性合金を提供することを目的とする。
すなわち、図1の合金番号II及び合金番号12は、飽和磁束密度を小さくするため、非磁性元素(Cr,Mo)の量を合金Iに対して順次増加した合金であり、そのヤング率と測定温度との関係を図1に示す。図に示すように、非磁性元素のCr,Moを増量すると、ヤング率-温度曲線の山も低温側に移動して弱磁性になる。即ち、非磁性元素を増量すると、図示はされていないが、飽和磁束密度は小さくなり、磁気変態点Tcは低温側に移動する。しかしながら、常温におけるヤング率の温度変化はエルコロイ(曲線I)と比較して大きく、0~40℃の常温付近におけるヤング率の温度係数が小さい恒弾性特性は得られないのである。なお、図1に示す合金番号12は、後述する表1の比較例(加工率85.3%の線引加工を施し、圧下率50%の圧延加工後 650℃で2時間加熱、但し中間熱処理は無し)に相当し、図2に示すように本発明の組成範囲内に属するが、意図的に{110}<111>集合組織を形成しなかったものである。
(1)第1発明は、原子量比にて、Co20~40%及びNi7~22%の合計42.0~49.5%、Cr5~13%及びMo1~6%の合計13.5~16.0%、及び残部が実質的にFe(但し、Fe37%以上)と不可避的不純物からなる恒弾性合金において、集合組織が{110}<111>であるとともに、飽和磁束密度2500~3500G、0~40℃におけるヤング率の温度係数(-5~+5)x10-5℃-1及びビッカ-ス硬度350~550を有することを特徴とする磁性不感高硬度恒弾性合金に関する。
以下、本発明を、恒弾性合金の組成、集合組織及び特性並びに、ひげぜんまい、機械式駆動装置、時計及び製造方法の順に説明する。
本発明において、合金の組成をCo20~40%及びNi7~22%の合計42.0~49.5%、Cr5~13%及びMo1~6%の合計13.5~16.0%、及び残部が実質的にFe(但し、Fe37%以上)及び不可避的不純物と限定した理由は、各実施例、各表及び各図面で明らかなように、この組成範囲における合金は、集合組織を{110}<111>に制御した場合は、飽和磁束密度は2500~3500Gで、0~40℃におけるヤング率の温度係数は(-5~+5)×10-5 ℃-1で、ビッカ-ス硬度は350~550が得られるので、弱磁性であるため外部磁界に対し不感で、外部からの衝撃にも耐えられる高硬度の恒弾性合金が得られるためであり、この組成範囲をはずれると、飽和磁束密度は2500G未満又は3500Gを超え、また0~40℃におけるヤング率の温度係数が-5×10-5℃-1 未満又は5×10-5℃-1を超え、ビッカ-ス硬度も350未満又は550を超え,磁性不感高硬度恒弾性合金が得られなくなるからである。特に、CrとMoの合計量が13.5%未満又は16.0%を超えると、集合組織制御を行っても所望の特性が得られない。さらに好ましい組成は、Co24.0~38.5%、Ni 7.5~21.0%、Cr6.0~11.6%、Mo1.5~5.5%を、さらに特に好ましい組成は、Co30.0~35.0%、Ni10.0~18.0%、Cr8.0~11.0%及びMo2.5~5.5%を含有する。
上記組成の残部は、Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mo などに起因して不可避的に含有される不純物である。
従来、Fe-Co-Ni-Cr-Mo-W 系面心立方晶多元系高弾性合金の集合組織は、ヤング率が小さい{110}<112>集合組織であったが、本発明に係る恒弾性合金の集合組織は、ヤング率が大きい{110}<111>である。この結果次の物性が現れる。
(イ)非特許文献1が、単結晶について予見していた最大のヤング率を現す<111>方向が、圧延方向に配向したヤング率が最大の{110}<111>集合組織をFe-Co-Ni-Cr-Mo系面心立方晶多元系恒弾性合金の薄板において実現することができた。
(ロ)ヤング率の大きな{110}<111>集合組織が形成されることにより、広い温度範囲に亘ってヤング率が増大するが、特に常温付近におけるヤング率が増大し、結果的に0~40℃における、その温度係数が小さくなり、(-5~+5)x10-5℃-1の恒弾性特性が得られた。これに対して、線引き加工率が小さく、且つ中間熱処理を施していないために、{110}<111>集合組織を形成していないFe-Co-Ni-Cr-Mo合金では、例えば図1の合金番号II(比較例)及び合金番号12に見られるように、ヤング率が全般的に大きくなっても、40℃以下のヤング率が相対的に小さい。この結果、その温度係数も5×10-5℃-1を超えて大きくなり、恒弾性特性が得られない。
(ハ)これら合金番号II及び合金番号12は非磁性元素を多く含有した組成であるが、弱磁性の恒弾性合金が実現されていない。これに対して本発明によると、飽和磁束密度が後述の通り、非磁性元素の含有量を多くすることによって著しく低下し、ヤング率の大きい{110}<111>集合組織を形成することにより、40℃以下の常温付近のヤング率が増大するとともに、その温度係数が小さくなり、結果的に弱磁性の恒弾性合金が実現するのである。
(ニ){110}<111>集合組織では、圧延板表面の結晶が優先的に{110}面に平行に向いており、圧延板を圧延方向と直角方向で切断した圧延板の断面に現れる結晶が優先的に<111>方向に向いている。公知のFe-Co-Ni-Cr-Mo-W系面心立方晶多元系高弾性合金の集合組織である{110}<112>と比較すると、本発明の集合組織は圧延方向の優先方位が公知のものと比較して19.47度ずれている。
かかる{110}<111>集合組織は、無配向組織を有する素材を線引き加工と、800~950℃における中間熱処理とを繰り返し施すことにより、<111>繊維組織を発達させた線材となし、その後当該線材を所定の圧下率の圧延加工を施すことにより形成することができるのである。
(イ)飽和磁束密度
図1の合金番号I(比較例)は、飽和磁束密度が8100Gであり、非常に高いのに対して、本発明合金は飽和磁束密度が2500~3500Gであり、これに対応して透磁率も低いという弱磁性を有している。このために、本発明合金は外部の磁界に対し不感であり、ひげぜんまい等を含んでなる機器がさらされる程度の環境における外部磁界によっては、帯磁され難い。飽和磁束密度が3500Gを超えると弱磁性が損なわれる。一方飽和磁束密度は2500Gを下回ると、非磁性金属含有量が多くなるために、磁気変態点Tcも40℃以下と低くなり、Tc以下の温度ではヤング率が急速に小さくなり、そのため、その温度係数が5×10-5℃-1を超えて大きくなる。即ち、Tcが40℃以下の場合は、0~40℃におけるヤング率の温度係数(-5~+5)x10-5℃-1の値を有する恒弾性特性が得られない。
本発明のヤング率の温度係数は、0 ~40℃の範囲で(-5~+5) x10-5℃-1で小さく、優れた恒弾性特性を有している。ヤング率は、線材の場合は自由共振法で、薄板の場合は動的粘弾性法で測定した。
本発明の恒弾性合金のビッカ-ス硬度は350~550で大きいために、ひげぜんまいとして時計部品などに使用するために十分な機械的強度を有している。しかし、ビッカ-ス硬度が550を超えると、硬すぎて、ひげぜんまいのクセ付けが困難になり、時計のひげぜんまいとしては不適当になる。
図3には代表的公知のひげぜんまいが示されており、その寸法は、一般に、断面の幅が約0.1mm、厚さが約0.03mmである。本発明の恒弾性合金を、かかるひげぜんまいに好ましく使用することができる。
図4には、機械式時計の公知の部品を示している。図中、340のてんぷ及び342のひげぜんまいが機械式駆動装置の構成要素である。図5は、てんぷ及びひげぜんまいの拡大図である。図6には時計を示し、その文字盤の裏側に図4の各部品が配置されている。かかる部品については、本出願人の1名が出願した特許文献2:再公表特許公報WO01/053896号公報、特に図1、2,10とその説明(第9頁下から11行目から始まり、第13頁第2行で終わる(1)項、第4頁第9行から第5頁下から7行まで)に詳述されている。
本発明者らは、ひげぜんまいの材料の製造工程について、均質化処理において無配向の組織を形成し、中間熱処理を伴う線引き工程において<111>繊維組織の配向を高め、その後圧延加工によりひげぜんまい薄板を作成する際、特定の圧下率での圧延加工を行い、さらに圧延加工後所定の温度で加熱を行うことにより{110}<111>集合組織を形成することができた。以下、本発明方法の工程順に説明する。
本発明の合金を造るには、原子量比にてCo20~40%及びNi7~22%の合計42.0~49.5%、Cr5~13%以下及びMo1~6%の合計13.5~16.0%,及び残部Feからなる配合原料の適当量を、空気中、好ましくは非酸化性雰囲気(水素、アルゴン、窒素などのガス)又は真空中において、適当な溶解炉、例えば高周波溶解炉等を用いて溶解した後、そのままか、さらにこれに副成分元素としてW, V, Cu, Mn, Al, Si, Ti, Be, B, Cをそれぞれ5%以下、Nb, Ta, Au, Ag, 白金族元素、Zr, Hf をそれぞれ3%以下の1種又は2種以上の合計0.001~10%の所定量を添加して、充分に撹拌して組成的に均一な溶融合金を造る。
つぎに、溶融合金を適当な形状及び大きさの鋳型に注入して健全な鋳塊を得、さらに当該鋳塊を鍛造もしくは熱間加工などを施して線引き加工に適した適当な形状、好ましくは丸棒に加工する。
1100℃以上融点未満の温度,好ましくは1150~1300℃の温度において適当時間、好ましくは0.5~5時間加熱して均質化処理をした後冷却する。均質化処理温度が1100℃未満であると、凝固組織が残存するために、高度に配向した繊維組織を得ることが困難であり、一方部分的に溶融が起こると、その後の凝固の影響が現れる。
続いて、均質化された素材を線引き加工によって冷間加工を施し、加工中に加工硬化が進んだときは、800~950℃の温度、好ましくは850℃~950℃の温度で適当時間、好ましくは0.5~10時間の中間熱処理を施した後、さらに線引き加工を行う、と言う工程を、繰り返し行い、最終的に線引き加工率90%以上の強冷間の線引き加工を施す。なお、加工率は、加工前後の線材の断面積比で表わす。
図8は、同じく合金番号12と同一組成の合金について、加工率99.9%の線引き加工を施した線材を、種々な温度で加熱した場合の、繊維組織の配向と加熱温度との関係を示したものである。800℃ 未満の中間熱処理においても、<111>繊維軸の高い配向性が得られるが、線引き加工の加工歪みによる加工硬化が未だ組織を充分軟化するに至らず、ついで行われる線引き加工が困難となる。そして、800~950℃の温度範囲では、<111>繊維軸は高い配向性に達すると共に、加工硬化を除去して組織は軟化し、ついで行われる線引き加工を容易にする。しかし、950℃を超えて高温になるにしたがい、<111>繊維軸は急激に減少する。なお、前掲(ハ)項の均質化処理において1100℃以上の温度で加熱すると、組織が均質で、且つ優先方位のない無秩序な組織、即ち無配向の組織になる。したがって、1100℃以上融点以下の温度で加熱し、一旦、すべての凝固組織を抹消した、均質で無配向な組織になした後、線引き加工を施して線材となし、ついで当該線材を800~950℃の温度範囲で中間熱処理を施すことにより、配向性が、さらに高い<111>繊維軸を有する線材が得られる。即ち、この高い<111>繊維軸を有する線材を、またさらに線引き加工することにより、より高い配向性の<111>繊維軸を有する繊維組織が得られるのであり、線引き加工と、800~950℃の温度範囲における中間熱処理を繰り返すことは、<111>繊維軸の配向性を高めるのに極めて有効である。したがって、本発明の線引き加工率は、これらを総計した合計加工率に相当するものである。
図9には、合金番号12(図1においては、加工率85.3%で中間熱処理は無し)を、線引き加工と約900℃において2時間加熱する中間熱処理工程を数回繰返し、加工率を99.9%に高めて線引き加工を施した後、さらに中間熱処理として900℃の真空中で2時間加熱した線材の繊維組織の逆極点図を示したが、<111>軸方向に高度に配向した<111>繊維軸を有する繊維組織であることが理解できる。また、加工率を99.9%に高めて線引き加工を施した後、当該線材を線軸方向に圧下率50%の圧延加工を施して薄板になし、ついで650℃で2時間加熱した場合の、薄板圧延面の{111}極点図を図10に示す。逆極点図及び極点図の配向性は、EBSP(Electron Back Scattering Pattern Analy-
sis)解析法により測定されたものである。
この図から、高い配向性の{110}<111>集合組織が形成されていることが明らかである。当該線材の高い配向性の<111>繊維組織を、線軸方向に圧延加工を施すと,圧下率が20%未満の圧延加工では、未だ<111>繊維軸を有する繊維組織のみが保持されているが、圧下率が20%以上の圧延加工を施すと,ヤング率の大きい{110}<111>集合組織が現れるようになり、恒弾性特性を有する薄板が得られるのである。すなわち、強度な線引き加工と中間熱処理とを、繰り返し施すことによって得られる高い配向性の<111>繊維軸を有する繊維組織の形成は、ついで行われる圧延加工によって誘起されるヤング率の大きな{110}<111>集合組織の形成を促進する原動力となっているのである。したがって、圧延加工を施して{110}<111>集合組織を形成した薄板のヤング率は、一般に<111>繊維軸の線材のヤング率より大きくなる。
図11は、合金番号12について、種々な加工率で線引き加工を施した後、ついで線軸方向に圧下率一定の50%の圧延加工を施し、さらに650℃一定の温度において2時間加熱した場合の、薄板のヤング率Eと測定温度との関係を示したものである。線引き加工の加工率が高くなると共に、ヤング率の高い{110}<111>集合組織が効果的に形成され、ヤング率-温度曲線の山(Tcの温度)も40℃以上の高温側に移動するとともに、特に40℃以下のヤング率Eも大きくなり、結果的に加工率90%以上で0~40℃におけるヤング率の温度係数が小さくなって、(-5~+5)x10-5℃-1の恒弾性特性が得られるのである。すなわち、図7の同じく合金番号12に見られるように、線引き加工率が増大するとともに、飽和磁束密度Bsが大きくなり、そのTcも上昇するものと推察されるが、本図においても同様に、ヤング率-温度曲線の山が高温側に移動したものと考えられる。
図12は、図11と同様の処理を行った場合を示しており、加工率の増加とともに、{110}<111>集合組織が効果的に形成され、ヤング率Eも高くなり、加工率90%以上で、0~40℃におけるヤング率の温度係数eが、5×10-5℃-1以下に小さくなり、その結果(-5~+5) ×10-5℃-1の恒弾性特性が得られるのである。
実施例1
合金番号12(組成Co=32.0%、Ni=15.0%,Cr=11.6%,Mo=3.0%、Fe=残部)の合金の製造。
原料として99.9%純度の電解鉄、電解ニッケル、電解コバルト及び電解クロム及びモリブデンを用いた。試料を造るには、原料の全重量1.5kgをアルミナ坩堝に入れ、真空中で高周波誘導電気炉によって溶かした後、よく撹拌して均質な溶融合金とした。これを直径30mm,高さ200mmのキャビティをもつ鋳型に注入し、得られた鋳塊を約1200℃で鍛造して直径20mmの丸棒とした。ついで、当該丸棒を1200℃で1.5時間加熱し、均質化処理した後急冷した。当該丸棒を常温で冷間線引き加工を施して10mmの線材となした後、当該線材を930℃の真空中で2時間加熱して中間熱処理を施した。ついで、常温で冷間線引き加工を施して5mmの線材となした後、当該線材を900℃の真空中で3時間加熱して中間熱処理を施した。さらに常温で冷間線引き加工を施して2mmの線材となし後、当該線材を880℃の真空中で3時間加熱して中間熱処理を施した。また、さらに常温で冷間線引き加工を施して0.9mmの線材となした後、当該線材を920℃の真空中で3時間加熱して中間熱処理を施した。その後、当該線材に表1に示す通り、85.3 ~99.9%の範囲内の加工率の冷間線引き加工を施して0.5~0.01mmの範囲の適当な径の線材になした後,さらに表1に示す通り、50~80%の範囲内の圧下率で適当な厚さの薄板に冷間圧延加工を施し,当該薄板を表1に示す適当な温度及び時間で熱処理を施して,種々な特性の測定を行い,表1のような特性値を得た。
合金番号24(組成Co=30.0%、Ni=15.0%,Cr=9.8%, Mo=3.0%,W=1.5%、Fe=残部)の合金の製造。
原料として実施例1と同じ純度の電解鉄、電解ニッケル、電解コバルト、電解クロム、モリブデン及び99.9%純度のタングステンを用いた。
試料を造るには、原料の全重量 1.5kgをアルミナ坩堝に入れ、全圧10-1 MPaのアルゴンガス雰囲気中で高周波誘導電気炉によって溶かした後、よく撹拌して均質な溶融合金とした。ついで、これを一辺28mmの正方形、高さ200mmのキャビティをもつ鋳型に注入し、得られた鋳塊を約1250℃で鍛造して一辺18mmの正方形の角棒とした。さらに、当該角棒を1100℃~1200℃の間で直径10mmの丸棒まで熱間ロ-ルした後、1250℃の温度で1.5時間均質化処理した後空気中冷却した。当該丸棒を常温で冷間線引き加工を施して5mmの線材となした後、当該線材を930℃の真空中で2時間加熱して中間熱処理を施した。ついで当該線材を常温で冷間線引き加工を施して2.0mmの線材となした後、当該線材を920℃の真空中で3時間加熱して中間熱処理を施した。さらに、常温で冷間線引き加工を施して0.8mmの線材となした後、当該線材を900℃の真空中で4時間加熱して中間熱処理を施した後、表2に示すとおり80.0~99.3%の加工率で適当な径の線材にした後、表2に示すとおり40~70%の圧下率で適当な厚さの薄板に冷間圧延加工し,当該薄板を表2に示す適当な温度及び時間で熱処理を施して,種々な特性の測定を行い,表2のような特性値を得た。
これらの外部磁界に対しての評価結果によると、外部磁界中における止まり及びその磁界から取り出した後の外部磁界の影響についても、合金番号I(比較例)に対比して、大幅に特性及び精度が改善されていることが明らかである。したがって、本発明のひげぜんまいを使用することにより、従来のような磁性軟鉄によりム-ブメント全体を覆うことなく、JISで規定されている耐磁時計2種の規格を充分満足した、時計の耐磁性能を著しく向上することができた。
C=(R1-R2)/(θ1-θ2)
R1、R2は、各温度環境における1日当たりの遅れ進み(日差)
θ1、θ2は、日差が測定された温度
その結果を表5に示す。
Claims (12)
- 原子量比にて、Co20~40%及びNi7~22%の合計42.0~49.5%、Cr5~13%及びMo1~6%の合計13.5~16.0%、及び残部が実質的にFe(但し、Fe37%以上)と不可避的不純物からなる恒弾性合金において、集合組織が{110}<111>であるとともに、飽和磁束密度2500~3500G、0~40℃におけるヤング率の温度係数(-5~+5)x10-5℃-1及びビッカ-ス硬度350~550を有することを特徴とする磁性不感高硬度恒弾性合金。
- 副成分としてW, V, Cu, Mn, Al, Si, Ti, Be, B, C をそれぞれ5%以下、Nb, Ta, Au, Ag,白金族元素、Zr, Hf をそれぞれ3%以下の1種又は2種以上の合計0.001~10.0%をさらに含有し、前記Cr, Moの合計と当該副成分の合計が13.5~16.0%であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の磁性不感高硬度恒弾性合金。
- 前記{110}<111>集合組織が、無配向組織を有する素材を線引き加工と、800~950℃における中間熱処理とを繰り返し施すことにより、<111>繊維組織を形成した線材となした後、さらに当該線材を所定の圧下率の圧延加工を施して薄板になした後、当該薄板を580~700℃の温度において加熱することにより形成したものである請求項1又は2項記載の磁性不感高硬度恒弾性合金。
- 原子量比にて、Co24.0~38.5%、Ni7.5~21.0%、Cr6.0~11.6%及びMo1.5~5.5%を含有する請求項3記載の磁性不感高硬度恒弾性合金。
- 原子量比にて、Co30.0~35.0%、Ni10.0~18.0%、Cr8.0~11.0%及びMo2.5~5.5%
を含有する請求項4記載の磁性不感高硬度恒弾性合金。 - 線引きの加工率が92.8~ 99.9%であり、また圧延の圧下率が 40~80%である請求項4又は請求項5項記載の磁性不感高硬度恒弾性合金。
- 請求項1から6までの何れか1項記載の磁性不感高硬度恒弾性合金からなるひげぜんまい。
- 請求項7記載のひげぜんまいを含んでなる機械式駆動装置。
- 請求項8記載の機械式駆動装置を内蔵してなる時計。
- 請求項1又は請求項2記載の組成を有する合金を、鍛造及び熱間加工にて適当な形状に加工し、1100℃以上融点未満の温度において加熱して均質化処理した後冷却し、ついで線引き加工と800~950℃における中間熱処理とを繰り返し施しながら、加工率90%以上の線引き加工を施して線材となした後、当該線材を圧下率20%以上の圧延加工を施して薄板になした後、当該薄板を580~700℃の温度において加熱することを特徴とする磁性不感高硬度恒弾性合金の製造法。
- 前記合金が、原子量比にて、Co24.0~38.5%、Ni7.5~21.0%、Cr6.0~11.6%及びMo1.5~5.5%を含有する請求項10記載の磁性不感高硬度恒弾性合金の製造方法。
- 前記合金が、原子量比にて、Co30.0~35.0%、Ni10.0~18.0%、Cr8.0~11.0%及びMo2.5~5.5%を含有する請求項10記載の磁性不感高硬度恒弾性合金の製造方法。
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US13/125,831 US8684594B2 (en) | 2008-11-17 | 2009-11-16 | Magnetically insensitive, highly hard and constant-modulus alloy, and its production method, as well as hair spring, mechanical driving apparatus and watch and clock |
EP09826188.6A EP2351864B1 (en) | 2008-11-17 | 2009-11-16 | Process for producing a high-hardness constant-modulus alloy insensitive to magnetism, hair spring, mechanical driving device and watch |
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WO2019031577A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-02-14 | 日立金属株式会社 | 合金部材、該合金部材の製造方法、および該合金部材を用いた製造物 |
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EP2447387A1 (fr) * | 2010-10-28 | 2012-05-02 | Générale Ressorts SA | Ressort de barillet de pièce d'horlogerie |
DE102011001783A1 (de) * | 2011-04-04 | 2012-10-04 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Feder für ein mechanisches Uhrwerk, mechanisches Uhrwerk, Uhr mit einem mechanischen Uhrwerk und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Feder |
DE102011001783B4 (de) | 2011-04-04 | 2022-11-24 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Feder für ein mechanisches Uhrwerk, mechanisches Uhrwerk, Uhr mit einem mechanischen Uhrwerk und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Feder |
WO2019031577A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-02-14 | 日立金属株式会社 | 合金部材、該合金部材の製造方法、および該合金部材を用いた製造物 |
JP2019178427A (ja) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-10-17 | 日立金属株式会社 | 合金部材の製造方法 |
JPWO2019031577A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-11-07 | 日立金属株式会社 | 合金部材、該合金部材の製造方法、および該合金部材を用いた製造物 |
US11492685B2 (en) | 2017-08-09 | 2022-11-08 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Alloy member, process for producing said alloy member, and product including said alloy member |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2351864A4 (en) | 2013-02-27 |
JP5189580B2 (ja) | 2013-04-24 |
US8684594B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 |
CN102216480B (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
EP2351864A1 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
CN102216480A (zh) | 2011-10-12 |
EP2351864B1 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
JP2010138491A (ja) | 2010-06-24 |
WO2010055943A9 (ja) | 2010-09-23 |
US20110286312A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
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