WO2005116038A1 - 新規なオニウムおよび遷移金属錯体のフッ素化アルキルフルオロリン酸塩 - Google Patents
新規なオニウムおよび遷移金属錯体のフッ素化アルキルフルオロリン酸塩 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005116038A1 WO2005116038A1 PCT/JP2005/009767 JP2005009767W WO2005116038A1 WO 2005116038 A1 WO2005116038 A1 WO 2005116038A1 JP 2005009767 W JP2005009767 W JP 2005009767W WO 2005116038 A1 WO2005116038 A1 WO 2005116038A1
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C381/00—Compounds containing carbon and sulfur and having functional groups not covered by groups C07C301/00 - C07C337/00
- C07C381/12—Sulfonium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C25/00—Compounds containing at least one halogen atom bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C25/18—Polycyclic aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/02—Iron compounds
- C07F15/025—Iron compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F17/00—Metallocenes
- C07F17/02—Metallocenes of metals of Groups 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers only
- C08G65/06—Cyclic ethers having no atoms other than carbon and hydrogen outside the ring
- C08G65/16—Cyclic ethers having four or more ring atoms
- C08G65/18—Oxetanes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphate of a polymer and a transition metal complex, a cationic polymerization initiator containing the compound, a curable composition containing the compound, and a cured product thereof.
- the present invention relates to a novel salt of a polymer and a transition metal complex useful as a cationic polymerization initiator and a fluorophosphoric acid-one having a specific fluoroalkyl group.
- a cationic polymerization initiator for curing a cationically polymerizable conjugate such as an epoxy conjugate by irradiation with active energy rays such as light or an electron beam a polymer or transition is used.
- a metal complex salt is known (see Patent Document 1).
- salts of these forms or transition metal complexes generate an acid upon irradiation with heat or active energy rays, and thus are also referred to as acid generators, and are also used in resists and photosensitive materials (Patent Reference 2).
- irons the cationic polymerization initiators described in these specifications are referred to as irons.
- Cationic polymerization initiators containing sF- and SbF- can be used for the toxicity of As and Sb
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-50-151997, JP-A-50-158680, JP-A-2-178303, U.S. Pat.Nos. 4069054, 4,450,360, 4,576, 46,067, and Canadian Patent 1274646 , European Patent Application No. 203829
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-2002-193925, 2001-354, 2001-294570
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-6-184170
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polymerization initiator comparable to a cationic polymerization initiator using SbF— as an ion.
- a cation containing no As or Sb that has an initial capacity, has good compatibility with the cationically polymerizable compound, and has excellent storage stability of the composition with the cationically polymerizable compound.
- the purpose is to provide a polymerization initiator.
- the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, a salt of an oxam or transition metal complex with a phosphoric acid having a specific fluoroalkyl group has been found to satisfy these requirements.
- the present invention has been found to be a cationic polymerization initiator. That is, the compound of the present invention is a fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphate represented by the general formula (1) and a fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphate of a transition metal complex represented by the general formula (4).
- A represents an element having a valence m of a VIA group to a VIIA group (CAS notation), and m is 1 or 2.
- n represents the number of repeating units of the structure in parentheses, and is an integer of 0 to 3.
- R is an organic group bonded to A, such as an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and an alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R is alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylcarbyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylthiocarbol, acyloxy, arylthio, From the group consisting of alkylthio, aryl, heterocycle, aryloxy, alkylsulfiel, arylsulfiel, alkylsulfol, arylsulfol, alkyleneoxy, amido and nitro groups, and halogen. It may be substituted with at least one selected from.
- the number of R is m + n (m-1) +1, and R may be the same or different from each other. And two or more Rs are directly or one another O—S—SO—SONH—NR—
- CO—COO—CONH— may be bonded via an alkylene group having 13 carbon atoms or a phenylene group to form a ring structure containing the element A.
- R ' is an alkyl group having 15 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 6 carbon atoms.
- D is a structure represented by the following general formula (2),
- E is a divalent of an alkylene group having 18 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 620 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic compound having 820 carbon atoms. And E is substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of alkyl having 18 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 18 carbon atoms, aryl group having 610 carbon atoms, hydroxy, and nitro group, and also having a logenic power. It may be.
- G is one O— S— SO— SO NH— NR'— CO— COO— C
- ONH represents an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a phenylene group.
- a is an integer from 0 to 5.
- a + 1 E and a G may be the same or different.
- R ' is the same as above.
- Pam-Pam is a counter ion.
- the number is ⁇ + 1 per molecule, of which And one of them is a fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphate represented by the general formula (3),
- Rf represents an alkyl group in which 80% or more of the hydrogen atoms have been substituted with fluorine atoms.
- b indicates the number, and is an integer of 1 to 5.
- the b Rf's may be the same or different.
- M is one kind of transition metal element selected from VIB group to VIII group (CAS notation), and L1 and L2 are ligands of the transition metal element M.
- L1 is an aromatic compound having 6 to 24 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic compound having 4 to 20 carbon atoms
- L2 is an indene, fluorene or cyclopentadiene aone
- these Ll and L2 are further alkyl, alkoxy, It may be substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of alkylthio, arylthio, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl, benzoyl, and nitro nitro groups, and nitrogen.
- c and d represent the numbers of Ll and L2, respectively, each of which is an integer from 0 to 2, and the total number (c + d) is 2.
- the two ligands are both L1 or both L2, they may be the same or different from each other.
- the total charge e of the charges of the ligands Ll and L2 and the charge of the transition metal element M is positive and is 1 or 2.
- the fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphates of the palladium and transition metal complexes of the present invention do not contain toxic elements such as arsenic and antimony, they have safety and antifouling properties. Is excellent.
- the fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphates of the polymer and the transition metal complex of the present invention have excellent solubility in cationically polymerizable conjugates, and not only, but also cationically polymerizable conjugates.
- the composition having excellent physical properties has excellent curability by heating or irradiation with active energy rays such as light, electron beams, X-rays and the like, and has good storage stability.
- A is a member of groups VIA to VIIA (CAS notation). Represents an element, and combines with the organic groups R and D to form the polymer [A +].
- S, I and Se which have excellent cationic polymerization initiating ability
- S and I S and I.
- m represents the valence of element A and is 1 or 2.
- R is an organic group bonded to A, and is an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R is m + n (m-1) +1, and R may be the same or different from each other.
- Two or more Rs are directly connected to each other or — 0—, — S—, — SO—, —SO—, — NH—, -NR '
- R ' is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms includes a monocyclic aryl group such as a phenyl group and naphthyl, anthracel, phenanthryl, pyreyl, chrysyl, naphthacenyl, Examples include fused polycyclic aryl groups such as benzoanthracenyl, anthraquinolyl, fluorenyl, and naphthoquinolyl.
- heterocyclic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms examples include a cyclic group having 1 to 3 heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, which may be the same or different.
- Specific examples include monocyclic heterocyclic groups such as chenyl, furanyl, bilanyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, and pyrazul, and indolyl, benzofural, isobenzofuranyl, benzocenyl, isobenzonenyl, Quinolyl, isoquinolyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, carbazolyl, ataridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenazinyl, xanthenyl, thianthrenyl, phenoxazinyl, phenoxathiinyl, chromanyl, isochromanil, dibenzochenyl, xanth
- alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms examples include straight-chain alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and okdadecyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec butyl, Examples include a branched alkyl group such as tert-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl and isohexyl, and a cycloalkyl group such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
- alkyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms examples include butyl, aryl, 1-propyl, isopropyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1 propyl, and 1-methyl-2.
- alkyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms ethur, 1-propyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-methyl-1 propynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 2-methyl-1 propynyl, 2-Methyl-2-propynyl, 1 pentynyl, 2 pentynyl, 3 pentynyl, 4 pentynyl, 1-methyl-1-butynyl, 2-methyl-2 butynyl, 3-methyl-2-butynyl, 1,2-dimethyl-1 propyl, 1-decyl, 2-decyl And straight-chain or branched ones such as octyl, 8-decyl, 1-dodecyl, 2-dodecyl, and 10-dodecyl.
- alkyl group which may have at least one substituent include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and the like.
- a linear alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms such as ota dadecyl; a branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms such as isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentynole, isohexyl; Propyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl , A cycloalkyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms such as cyclohexyl; a hydroxy group; a carbon number such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec butoxy, tert butoxy, hexyloxy, decyloxy, dodecyloxy and the like.
- a straight-chain or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms such as acetyl, propionyl, butanol, 2-methylpropiol, heptanoyl, 2-methylbutanoyl, 3-methylbutanoyl, otatanyl, decanol, dodecanoyl, octadecanol and the like; 18 straight-chain or branched alkylcarbyl groups; arylcarbonyl groups having 7 to 11 carbon atoms such as benzoyl and naphthoyl; methoxycarbol, ethoxycarbol, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxy Carbonyl, sec-butoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, octyloxycarbonyl, tetradecyloxycarbonyl, octadecyloxycarbol, etc., a linear or branched alkoxy
- a branched alkylsulfyl group an arylsulfer group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as fuel sulfyl, tolylsulfiel, naphthylsulfyl, etc .; methylsulfol, ethynoleshonorinole, propinoles Nolehoninole, isopropinoles nolehoninole, butinolesnolehoninole, isobutylsulfonyl, sec butylsulfonyl, tert butylsulfonyl, pentinolesnolehoninole, isopentinolenesolenoninole, neopentinolesnorenole C1-C18 straight chain such as ninole, tert-pentinoles, rufonyl, and octylsulfol
- An alkyleneoxy group represented by the general formula (5) (Q represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, k is an integer of 1 to 5); an unsubstituted amino group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and Z or An amino group mono- or di-substituted by an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms (specific examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include straight-chain alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and pentyl; A branched alkyl group such as isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl and tert-pentyl; a cycloalkyl group such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and cyclopentyl; Examples include phenyl, naphthyl and the like); a cyano group
- R ′ is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include methyl, ethyl, propyl, Linear alkyl groups such as butyl and pentyl; branched alkyl groups such as isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl and tert-pentyl; and cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and cyclopentyl.
- aryl group having the number of 6 to 10 include phenyl, naphthyl, etc.), CO, one COO, one CONH, and an element bonded through an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a phenylene group.
- Examples of the formation of the ring structure containing A include the following.
- [A is an element from group VIA to VIIA (CAS notation), L is —O—, —S —, — SO—
- m + n (m-1) +1 Rs bonded to element VIA to VIIA (CAS notation) having a valence of m are the same as each other even if although it may be different, at least one of R, more preferably the total force of R is an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms which may have the substituent. is there.
- E is a linear, branched or cyclic anolexylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as methylene, ethylene, and propylene; Arylene groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, such as len, xylylene, naphthylene, biphenylene, and anthracene; dibenzofurandyl, dibenzothiophendyl, xanthenzyl, phenoxatiindyl, tiansrangel, bithiofendyl, bifurandyl, and thiol.
- Carbon number of xanthonyl, xanthonyl, carbazolyl, atarizinyl, phenothiazinezil, phenazinezil, etc. Represents a divalent group of 8 to 20 heterocyclic compounds.
- the divalent group of the heterocyclic compound means a divalent group formed by removing one hydrogen atom from each of two different ring carbon atoms of the heterocyclic compound.
- the alkylene group, arylene group or divalent group of the heterocyclic compound may have at least one substituent.
- substituent may include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, Linear alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as octyl; branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl; and 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as cyclopropyl and cyclohexyl A cycloalkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy and hexyloxy; a carbon atom having 6 to 8 carbon atoms such as phenyl and naphthyl; an aryl group of LO; a hydroxy group; a cyano group; Groups or halogens such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and
- G is -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO-, -NH-, -NR,-(R '
- alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms examples include linear or branched alkylene groups such as methylene, ethylene, and propylene.
- a is an integer of 0 to 5. a + 1 one E and a G may be the same or different from each other! / ⁇ .
- n represents the number of repeating units of the [DA + R] bond, and is an integer of 0 to 3
- Preferably it is 0 or 1.
- Preferred as the ion [A +] in the formula (1) is a sulfoium, odonium, or selenium. Typical examples include the following.
- Sulfo-pum ions include triphenylsulfo-pum, tri-p-tolylsulfo-pum, tri-tolylsulfo-pum, tris (4-methoxyphenyl) sulfo-pum, and 1-naphthyldiphen- Rusulfo-pam, 2 naphthyldiphenyl-sulfo-pam, tris (4-fluorophenyl) sulfo-pam, tri-1-naphthylsulfo-pam, tri-2-naphthyl sulfo-pam, tris (4— Hydroxyphenyl) sulfonium, 4- (phenylthio) phenyldiphenylsulfonium, 4- (p-tolylthio) phenylyl p-tolylsulfonium, 4 (4 methoxyphenylthio) phenylbis 4- (
- JP-A-9-268205 JP-A-9-278935, JP-A-2001-288205, JP-A-11-80118, JP-A-10-182825, JP-A-10-330353, JP-A-10-152495 JP-A-5-239213, JP-A-333834, JP-A-9-12537, JP-A-8-325259, JP-A-8-160606, JP-A-2000-186071 (U.S. Pat. ; Jirir JP-A-7-300504, JP-A-64-45357, JP-A-64-29419, etc.
- JP-A-6-345726, JP-A-8-325225 for monoarylsulfodium JP-A-9-118663 (US Pat. No. 6,097,753;), JP-A-2-196812, JP-A-2-1470, JP-A-2-196812, JP-A-3-237107, JP-A-3- 17101, JP-A-6-222886, JP-A-10-152469, JP-A-7-300505, JP-A-2003-277353, JP-A-2003-277352 and the like; — 308563, JP-A-5-140210, JP-A-5-140209, JP-A-5-230189, JP-A-6-271532, JP-A-58-37003, JP-A-2-178303, Kaihei 10-33 8688, JP-A 9-328506, JP-A 11-228534, JP-A 8-27102, JP-A 7
- rhododium ions are diphenyl rhododium, di-p-tolyldomium, bis (4-dodecylferol) rhododium, bis (4-methoxyphenyl) rhododium, and (4-ro 4- (2-Hydroxytetradecyloxy) -Fe-Rho-Donium, 4- (2-Hydroxytetradecyl-oxy) -Fer-Rho-Don-Im, 4- Isopropyl phenol (p-tolyl) odonium and isobutyl phenyl (p-tolyl) odomium are exemplified by Macromolecules, 10, 1307 (1977), Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
- selenium ion examples include triphenyl selenium, tri-p-tolyl selenium, tri-o-tolyl selenium, tris (4-methoxyphenyl) selenium, 1-naphthyl diphenyl selenium, and tris (4 fluorophenyl) selenium. , Tri-1-naphthyl selenium, tree 2 naphthyl selenium, tris (4-hydroxyphenyl) selenium,
- Triarylselenium such as 4- (phenylthio) phenyldiselelenium and 4- (p-tolylthio) phenylditolylselenium; diphenylphenacyl selenium, diphenylpentyl selenium, diphenylmethyl Diaryl selenium such as selenium; phenylmethylbenzyl selenium, 4-hydroxyphenylmethylbenzylselenium, phenylmethylphenacyl selenium, 4-hydroxyphenylmethylphenacyl selenium, 4 —Monoaryl selenium such as methoxyphenylmethylphenacyl selenium; dimethylphenacyl selenium, phenacyltetrahydroselenophem-dimethyl, benzylbenzylselenium, benzyltetrahydroselenophem-dimethyl, octadecylmethylphenacyl selenium, etc.
- sulfonium and odonium preferred are triphenylsulfonium, tri-p-tolylsulfonium, and 4- (phenyl-) phenyl.
- -Noresifue-noresnorehonyum bis [4- (dihue-noresnorrehonio) hue-nore] snorehuid
- bis ⁇ 4- [bis (4-fluorophenyl) sulfo-phospho] phenyl ⁇ sulfide 4- (4-benzoyl-2-cyclomethylthio) phenylbis (4-fluorophe- L) Sulfo-dimethyl
- 4- (4-benzoylphenyl) thio-diphenyl-sulfo-dimethyl 7-isoprop
- the ligand L1 of the formula (4) representing the fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphate of the transition metal complex of the present invention is mainly an aromatic compound having 6 to 24 carbon atoms or a heteroatom such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur. It is a heterocyclic compound having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different.
- aromatic compound having 6 to 24 carbon atoms examples include monocyclic compounds such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, thalicene, naphthacene, benzanthracene, anthraquinone, naphthoquinone, indene, biphenylene, fluorene, and triphenyl.
- monocyclic compounds such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, thalicene, naphthacene, benzanthracene, anthraquinone, naphthoquinone, indene, biphenylene, fluorene, and triphenyl.
- condensed polycyclic compounds such as diene and coronene.
- heterocyclic compound having 4 to 20 carbon atoms examples include monocyclic compounds such as thiophene, furan, pyran, pyrrole, oxazole, thiazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine; indole, benzofuran, benzothienephene, and quinoline.
- aromatic compounds or heterocyclic compounds may be substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of the following substituents: methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl Linear alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as octyl, octyl and decyl; branched alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as isopropynole, isobutyl, sec butynole, tert-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl and isohexyl; C3-C6 cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; C1-C6 such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec butoxy, tert butoxy, hexyl
- a straight-chain or branched alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as carbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, sec butoxycarbon, and tert butoxycarbon; fluorine, chlorine, bromine Halogen, iodine, etc .; phenyl group; benzoyl group; - such as the Toro group, and the like.
- aromatic compound having the above substituent examples include toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, tamene, mesitylene, methoxybenzene, ethoxybenzene, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, and 1,3-dimethoxybenzene.
- Examples of the ligand L2 of the formula (4) representing the fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphate of the transition metal complex of the present invention include indene, fluorene, and ayuon of cyclopentadiene. When there are two L2s, they may be the same or different.
- ligand L1 may be substituted with at least one of the same substituents as in the case of the above-mentioned ligand L1.
- indene such as 2-methylindene, 2-ethylindene, 4-methylindene, and 4-chloroindene.
- fluorene derivatives such as 1-methylfluorene, 4-methylfluorene, 4-methoxyfluorene, and 1-chlorofluorene; methylcyclopentagen, pentamethylcyclopentagen, phenylcyclopentagen, and chlorocyclopentagen And the like of cyclopentadiene derivatives.
- M is one type of transition metal element selected from Groups VIB to VIII (CAS notation), and examples thereof include Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, and Co. Of these, Fe is preferred.
- transition metal complex force thione represented by the general formula (4), for example, (7 5 -? Cyclopenta Jefferies - Le) (eta 6 - toluene) Cr +, (7 5 -? Cyclopentadienyl GETS - Le ) (7 6 -? xylene) Cr +, (eta 5 - cyclopentadienyl Jefferies - Le) (6 - 1-methylnaphthalene) Cr +, (7 5 -? cyclopentadienyl Jefferies two Le X r 6 -? polygonal) Cr +, ( ? 7 5 - cyclopentadienyl Jefferies - Le) (7 6 -?
- naphthalene) Fe 2+ bis (5 - cyclopentadienyl Jefferies - Le) Fe 2+, bis (7 ? 5 - Indeyuru) Fe +, (7 5 -? cyclopentadienyl Jefferies - Le)
- transition metal complexes force thione, (7 5 -? Cyclopentadienyl Jefferies two Le) (r 6 -? Toluene) Fe +, (7 5 -? Cyclopentadienyl Jefferies - Le) (7 ? 6 - xylene) Fe +, (7 5 -? consequent opening Pentaje - Le) (6 - 1-methylnaphthalene) Fe +, (7 5 -? cyclopentadienyl Jefferies - Le) (7 6 -? polygonal) Fe +, (7 ? 5 - cyclopentadienyl Jefferies - Le) (7 6 -?
- X— is a counter ion.
- the number is 1 N + 1 per molecule
- the number is e per molecule, at least one of which is a fluorinated alkylfluorinated acid represented by the formula (3).
- the rest may be another key-on! / ⁇ .
- halogen ions such as F—, Cl—, Br—, and I—; OH—; CIO—; FSO—, C1SO—, and CH SO ⁇ , C
- H SO- sulfonate ion such as CF SO-
- HSO- sulfate ion such as SO 2
- Phosphate ions such as PO 3 ; Fluorophosphate ions such as PF- and PFOH-; BF-
- fluorantimonate ions such as SbF-, SbFOH-, or AsF-,
- Rf represents an alkyl group substituted by a fluorine atom, and preferably has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, Preferred carbon number is 1-4.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group include straight-chain alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, mentyl and octyl; branched alkyl groups such as isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl; and cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and cyclopentene.
- the proportion of the alkyl group substituted with a hydrogen atom and a fluorine atom is usually 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 100% or more. It is.
- the degree of substitution of the fluorine atom is less than 80%, the cationic polymerization initiation ability of the salt of the polymer and transition metal complex of the present invention is reduced.
- Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a 100% fluorine atom substitution rate, and specific examples thereof include CF, CF CF, (CF) C
- the number b of Rf is an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 4, and particularly preferably 2 or 3.
- the b Rf's are the same or different even if they are the same!
- fluorinated alkylfluorophosphates include [(CF CF) PF]-, ((CF CF) PF)-, (((CF) CF) PF)-, (((CF) CF) PF)-, (CF
- the fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphates of the palladium or transition metal complex of the present invention can be produced by a metathesis method.
- the metathesis method is described in, for example, New Experimental Chemistry Course, 14 I (1978, Maruzen) p—448
- JP-A-64-45357, JP-A-61-212554, JP-A-61-100557, JP-A-5-4996, JP-A-7-82244, JP-A-7-82245, JP-A-58 Forces described in 210904, JP-A-6-184170, etc.
- halogen ion salts such as F—, Cl—, Br—, and I— of chromium or transition metal complexes; OH—salts; CIO— Salt; FSO-, C1SO-, CH
- the resulting salt of the present invention is separated as crystals or oil, and the crystals can be recovered by filtration, and the liquid can be recovered by separation or extraction with an appropriate solvent.
- the thus-obtained salt of the complex or transition metal complex of the present invention can be purified by a method such as recrystallization or washing with water or a solvent, if necessary.
- a salt of an alkali metal is preferable. This salt reacts the precursor fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphorane with alkali metal fluoride in an aprotic solvent such as dimethyl ether, diethoxetane, acetonitrile or a mixture thereof at -35 to 60 ° C. (US Pat. No. 6,210,830).
- the precursor fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphorane can be prepared, for example, by electrochemically fluorinating alkyl phosphine with hydrofluoric acid under normal pressure at a temperature of -15 to 20 ° C (US Pat. No. 6,264,818). It can be obtained by: The progress of electrochemical fluorination is proportional to the quantity of electricity, and usually terminates when 90-150%, especially 110-130%, of the theoretical quantity is consumed. This gives a fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphorane in which 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group are substituted with fluorine.
- the target fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphorane is separated from the electrolyte solution, so it is recovered by liquid separation and, if necessary, purified by distillation.
- the fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphates of the rhodium and transition metal complexes of the present invention may be used alone or in combination of two or more as a thione polymerization initiator. Moreover, you may use together with other conventionally well-known cationic polymerization initiators. Examples of other cationic initiators include, for example, salts of various cations and cations such as sulfonium, odonium, selenium, ammonium, and phosphonium, or transition metal complex ions, and examples of cations.
- halogen ions such as F-, Cl-, Br- and I-; OH-; CIO-; FSO-, C1SO-, Sulfonate ions such as CH SO—, CH SO— and CF SO—; sulfur acids such as HSO— and SO
- Phosphate ions such as PO 3 ; Fluorophosphate ions such as PF- and PFOH-; BF-
- Borate ions such as B (C F) — and B (C H CF) —; AlCl—; BiF—; SbF—, SbF OH—
- Fluoroantimonate ions such as 6 5 4 6 4 3 4 4 6 6 5; Fluoroarsenate ions such as AsF— and AsF OH—
- fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphate of ammonium or phosphonium.
- fluoroantimonate ions and fluoroarsenate ions are not preferable because they contain toxic elements.
- ammonium ions examples include tetramethylammonium, ethyltrimethylammonium, getyldimethylammonium, triethylmethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, trimethylpropylammonium and trimethylpropyl.
- Ammonium trimethylisopropylammonium, trimethyl-n-butylammonium, trimethylisobutylammonium, trimethyl-t-butylammonium, trimethyl-n-hexylammonium, dimethylmethyl n- Tetraalkylammoniums such as propylammonium, dimethyldiisopropylammonium, dimethyl n-propylisopropylammonium, methyltri-n-propylammonium and methyltriisopropylammonium; N , N dimethylpyrrolidium, N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidium, N, N-pyrrolidine-dimethyl, such as N-ethyl-pyrrolidine-dimethyl; N, ⁇ '-dimethylimidazoli-dimethyl, ⁇ , ⁇ '-gethylimidazolymium, ⁇ ethyl ⁇ ⁇ '-methylimidazoli-d
- Examples of the above phospho-pium ion include tetraphenylphospho-pum, tetra-p-tolylphospho-pum, tetrakis (2-methoxyphenyl) phospho-pum, and tetrakis (3-methoxyphenyl) phospho-pum , Tetrakis (4-methoxyphenyl) phospho-dimethyl, etc .; triphenylphenolphospho-dim; triphenylpentylphospho-dimethyl, triphenylphenacylphosphome, triphenylmethylphospho-dimethyl, triphenylbutylphospho-dimethyl Triarylphospho-dimethyl such as dimethyl; triethylbenzylphospho-dimethyl, tributylbenzylphospho-dimethyl And tetraalkylphospho-dimethyl, such as tetraethylphospho-dimethyl, tetrabutylphospho-dimethyl, tetrahex
- the ratio is arbitrary and not limited.
- the ratio of use is arbitrary.However, usually, 100 parts by mass of the fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphate of the chromium and Z or transition metal complex of the present invention is used.
- the other cationic polymerization initiator is used in an amount of 10 to 900 parts by mass, preferably 25 to 400 parts by mass (parts in the following description represent parts by mass).
- the cationic polymerization initiator of the present invention is used as a solvent which can be dissolved in a solvent which does not inhibit the cationic polymerization in order to facilitate dissolution in the cationic polymerizable compound.
- a solvent which does not inhibit the cationic polymerization in order to facilitate dissolution in the cationic polymerizable compound.
- carbonates such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and getyl carbonate
- monoalkyl ethers such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol; for example, monomethyl ether, monoethyl ether,
- the curable composition of the present invention comprises the cationic polymerization initiator of the present invention and a cationically polymerizable compound.
- a cationic polymerization initiator which can also be used as a cationic polymerization initiator which is also a cationic polymerization initiator.
- the thione-polymerizable conjugate include cyclic ether compounds such as epoxides, butyl ethers and styrene.
- examples include ethylenically unsaturated compounds, and further include bicycloorthoesters, spiroorthocarbonates, and spiroorthoesters.
- epoxides include those conventionally known, and aromatic epoxides, i.e., monovalent and polyvalent phenols having at least one aromatic ring, for example, phenol, biphenol, bisphenol A, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, phenol novolak, Glycidyl ethers of cresol novolac and bromides thereof or conjugates obtained by further adding an alkylene oxide thereto, and daricidyl esters of monovalent and polyvalent carboxylic acids having an aromatic ring, for example, diglycidyl phthalate, diglycidyl ether 3-methylphthalate and the like; alicyclic epoxides, that is, compounds obtained by epoxidizing a compound having at least one cyclohexene or cyclopentene ring with an oxidizing agent, for example, 3,4 epoxycyclohexylene Chinole 3,4-epoxycyclohexanecanoleboxylate, 3,4 epoxy 1-methylcyclohexyl-3
- oxetanes examples include those conventionally known, for example, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane, (3-ethyl-3-oxeta-methoxy) methylbenzene, [1- (3-ethyl-3-oxeta-methoxy) ethyl] phenyl ether.
- ethylenically unsaturated compound examples include conventionally known cationic polymerizable compounds, for example, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, isobutynolebininoleatene, cyclohexinolebininoleatene, 2-chloro Etino-levininole ether, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, stearyl butyl ether, 2-acetoxityl-vinyl ether, diethyleneglycol nonolemono-noreeteneol, 2-ethynolehexinole-noreeteneol, Dodecinolebi-noreatel, octadecyl vinyl ether, aryl vinyl ether, 2-methacryloyloxy Aliphatic monovinyl ethers, such as tyl vinyl ether and 2-attaryloyloxyshetyl
- bicyclo orthoesters examples include 1-phenyl-4ethyl 2,6,7 trioxabicyclo [2,2,2] octane and 1-ethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7 trioxabicyclo- [2, 2,2] octane.
- Spiro orthocarbonates include 1,5,7,11-tetraoxaspiro [5,5] pandecane, 3,9-dibenzyl-1,5,7,11-tetraoxaspiro [5,5] ] Decane.
- Spiro orthoesters include 1,4,6 trioxaspiro [4,4] nonane, 2-methyl-1,4,6 trioxaspiro [4,4] nonane, 1,4,6 Trioxaspiro [4, 5] decane and the like.
- cationically polymerizable compounds epoxides, oxetanes and burethers are preferred, and alicyclic epoxides and oxetanes are particularly preferred.
- these cationically polymerizable compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the use ratio of the cationic polymerization initiator of the present invention to the cationic polymerizable compound is usually 0.05 to 20 parts, preferably 0.1 to LO based on 100 parts of the cationic polymerizable compound.
- the appropriate use ratio is determined by considering various factors such as the properties of the cationically polymerizable compound, the type and energy of the energy beam, the temperature, the curing time, the humidity, and the thickness of the coating film. Is done.
- the proportion of the cationic polymerization initiator is less than 0.05 part, the polymerization of the cation-polymerizable compound becomes insufficient. If the proportion is more than 20 parts, the properties of the cured product due to the unreacted cationic polymerization initiator and its decomposition product are increased. May decrease.
- the curable composition of the present invention may contain, if necessary, a sensitizer, a pigment, a filler, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, a defoaming agent, a flow regulator, a light stabilizer, a solvent, a non-reactant.
- Additives such as hydrophilic resins and radical polymerizable compounds can be used.
- sensitizers in particular, those which are cured by irradiation with active energy rays, conventionally known sensitizers can be used in combination, if necessary.
- sensitizers are described in JP-A-11-279212 and JP-A-9-183960, and specifically include anthracene, 9,10 dibutoxyanthracene, 9,10 dimethoxyanthracene, 2 Ethyl 9,10 dimethoxyanthracene, 2-tert-butyl-9,10 dimethoxyanthracene, 2,3 dimethyl 9,10 dimethoxyanthracene, 9-methoxy 10-methylanthracene, 9,10 ethoxyanthracene, 2ethyl 9,10 ge Toxianthracene, 2-tert-butyl-9,10-Jetoxyanthracene, 2,3-dimethyl-9,10-Jetoxyanthracene, 9-ethoxy-10-methylanth
- these sensitizers are generally used in an amount of 0.005 to 20 parts, preferably 0.01 to 10 parts, per 100 parts of the curable composition of the present invention.
- the pigment examples include conventionally known pigments, for example, inorganic pigments such as titanium oxide, iron oxide, and carbon black, and organic pigments such as azo pigments, cyanine pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, and quinacridone pigments.
- inorganic pigments such as titanium oxide, iron oxide, and carbon black
- organic pigments such as azo pigments, cyanine pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, and quinacridone pigments.
- the use ratio of these pigments is usually 0.1 to 300 parts, preferably 1 to 200 parts, per 100 parts of the curable composition of the present invention.
- filler conventionally known fillers, for example, fused silica, crystalline silica, calcium carbonate, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium carbonate, mica, talc, calcium silicate, lithium silicate Aluminum and the like can be mentioned.
- the ratio is usually 10 to 300 parts, preferably 30 to 200 parts, per 100 parts of the curable composition of the present invention.
- antistatic agent conventionally known ones, for example, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, ⁇ ,
- Nonionic types such as ⁇ -bis (2-hydroxyethyl) alkylamine, polyoxyethylenealkylamine, polyoxyethylenealkylamine fatty acid ester, and alkyldiethanolamide; alkyl sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl Aron type such as kill phosphate; cationic type such as tetraalkylammonium salt and trialkylbenzylammonium salt; amphoteric type such as alkyl betaine and alkyl imidazolidene betaine; Quaternary Ammonium-Group-Containing Styrene Mono (Meth) Arylate Copolymer, Quaternary Ammonium-Group-Containing Styrene-Acrylonitrile Ionic and nonionic such as maleimide copolymer and polyethylene oxide, polyetheresteramide, polyetheramideimide, ethylene oxide-epichlorohydrin copolymer, methoxypoly
- these antistatic agents are used in an amount of usually 0.01 to 10 parts, preferably 0.05 to 5 parts, per 100 parts of the curable composition of the present invention.
- antimony trioxide antimony pentoxide
- tin oxide tin oxide
- molybdenum oxide zinc borate
- barium metaborate red phosphorus
- hydroxyl Inorganic compounds such as aluminum, magnesium hydroxide and calcium aluminate
- bromine compounds such as tetrabromophthalic anhydride, hexabromobenzene and decabromobiphenyl ether
- phosphoric acids such as tris (tribromophenyl) phosphate Ester-based ones are exemplified.
- the proportion is usually 0.1 to 20 parts, preferably 0.5 to 10 parts, per 100 parts of the curable composition of the present invention.
- antifoaming agents hitherto known ones, for example, alcohols such as isopropanol, n-butanol, otataethyl alcohol and hexadecyl alcohol; metal stones such as stearic acid lucidum and aluminum stearate Phosphate esters such as tributyl phosphate; fatty acid esters such as glycerin monolaurate; polyethers such as polyalkylene glycol; silicones such as dimethyl silicone oil and silica'silicone compound; silica powder. Dispersed mineral oils.
- alcohols such as isopropanol, n-butanol, otataethyl alcohol and hexadecyl alcohol
- metal stones such as stearic acid lucidum and aluminum stearate Phosphate esters such as tributyl phosphate
- fatty acid esters such as glycerin monolaurate
- polyethers such as polyalkylene
- these antifoaming agents are used in an amount of usually 0.01 to 10 parts, preferably 0.05 to 5 parts, per 100 parts of the curable composition of the present invention.
- Examples of the flow regulator include conventionally known ones such as hydrogenated castor oils, polyethylene oxides, organic bentonites, colloidal silica, amide waxes, metal lithates, and acrylate polymers. No.
- these flow modifiers are used in an amount of usually 0.01 to 10 parts, preferably 0.05 to 5 parts, per 100 parts of the curable composition of the present invention.
- the light stabilizer conventionally known ones, for example, benzotriazole, benzophenone, UV-absorbing types such as salicylates, cyanoacrylates and derivatives thereof; radical scavenging types represented by hinderdamines; and quenching types such as nickel complexes.
- the use ratio is usually 0.005 to 40 parts, preferably 0.01 to 20 parts, per 100 parts of the curable composition of the present invention.
- a solvent may be used for dissolving the cationically polymerizable compound or adjusting the viscosity of the composition.
- the solvent include ethers such as asol, ethynoleatenole, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4 dioxane, ethynolee tert-butyrene, and the like; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, tamene, ethylbenzene, and mesitylene; Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and tert-butyl alcohol; and acetonitrile.
- these solvents are used in an amount of usually 10 to 900 parts, preferably 20 to 500 parts, per 100 parts of the curable composition of the present invention.
- the curable composition of the present invention contains a non-reactive ⁇ resin ⁇ radical polymerizable compound.
- Non-reactive resins include polyester, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polybutadiene, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyvinyl ether, polybutyral, polybutene, hydrogenated styrene-butadiene block copolymer, and (meth) Copolymers of acrylic acid esters, polyurethanes and the like can be mentioned.
- the number average molecular weight of these resins is between 1000 and 500,000, preferably ⁇ 5,000 to 100,000 (number average molecular weight is measured by a general method such as GPC).
- radical polymerizable conjugates are “Photopolymer Handbook” (edited by the Industrial Research Committee, 1989) edited by the Photopolymer Society and “UV'EB curing technology” edited by the General Technology Center (1982, General Technology Surgery Center), Radtec Study Group, "UV'EB Curing Material” (1992, CMC), Japan Society of Technology Information, “Cure Failure in UV Curing 'Causes and Countermeasures” (2003, Technical Information Association) And so on.
- Monofunctional monomers such as hexanediol mono (meth) acrylate, styrene, butylcyclohexene, isobutylene, butadiene; dihydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, bisphenol A or hydrides thereof, or alkylene oxides thereof Di (meth) acrylate or difunctional benzene; bifunctional monomers such as trimethylolpropane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, etc.
- Polyfunctional monomers such as acrylates; epoxy (meta) acrylates obtained by reacting epoxides such as aromatic epoxides, alicyclic epoxides, and aliphatic epoxides with (meth) acrylic acid; phthalic acid, Aromatic polybasic acids such as isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid, and pyromellitic acid--aliphatic polybasic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, and sebacic acid, and ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and propylene glycol , Dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, 1,3 butanediol, 1,4 butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, bisphenol and their of
- the use ratio is usually 1 to: LOO part, preferably 5 to 50 parts with respect to 100 parts of the curable composition of the present invention.
- radical polymerization initiator which initiates polymerization by heat or light in order to irradiate them with a high molecular weight by radical polymerization.
- radical polymerization initiators include conventionally known radical polymerization initiators.
- thermal radical polymerization initiator examples include organic peroxides, for example, ketone peroxides such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and cyclohexanone peroxide; Peroxy ketals such as 1,2-bis (tert-butylperoxy) butane, 1,1-bis (tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane, hydride peroxides such as tert-butylhydroxide, cumenehydroperoxide, etc.
- organic peroxides for example, ketone peroxides such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and cyclohexanone peroxide; Peroxy ketals such as 1,2-bis (tert-butylperoxy) butane, 1,1-bis (tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane, hydride peroxides such as tert-butylhydroxide, cumenehydroperoxide, etc.
- Dialkyl peroxides such as butyl peroxide, isobutyryl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, disilver oxides such as benzoyl peroxide, peroxydicarbonates such as diisopropylperoxydicarbonate, tert-butylperoxyi Butyrate, peroxyesters such as 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (benzoylperoxy) hexane and the like, and azo compounds such as 1,1′-azobis (cyclohexane—one-strand carbonylitrile), 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis (2,4 dimethyl-4-methoxyvalero-tolyl), 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, 2, 2'-azobis [2-methyl-N- (2-proberyl) propionamidine] dihydrochloride, 2, 2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamide), 2, 2'-azobis [
- photo-radical polymerization initiators include acetophenone compounds such as acetophenone, p-tertbutyltrichloroacetophenone, and 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone; benzophenone, o-methyl benzoylbenzoate, and 4-benzoyl-4'-methyldiphene.
- -Benzophenone compounds such as -rusulfide; Michler's ketone compounds such as 4,4'-bis (dimethylamino) benzophenone and 4,4'bis (getylamino) benzophenone; benzoin compounds such as benzoin and benzoin methyl ether; thioxanthon; Thioxanthone compounds such as methylthioxanthone, 2-ethylthioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, 2,4 getylthioxanthone; monoacyl phosphine oxide, bisacyl ⁇ sill phosphine compounds such as scan fins oxide and the like.
- the usage ratio of these radical polymerization initiators is usually 0.01 to 20 parts, preferably 0.1 to 10 parts, based on 100 parts of the radical polymerizable compound.
- the curable composition of the present invention is obtained by adding a cationic polymerization initiator and, if necessary, the above-mentioned various additives to the cationically polymerizable compound, and then uniformly mixing and dissolving the mixture at room temperature or under heating as necessary. Or by kneading with a three-roll mill or the like.
- the curable composition of the present invention can be cured by irradiation with active energy rays.
- the active energy ray may be V as long as it has an energy that induces the decomposition of the fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphate of the inventive and transition metal complexes of the present invention.
- An energy beam in the ultraviolet to visible light range (about 100 to about 800 nm), which also provides power, is used. Further, radiation having a high energy such as an electron beam or X-ray can be used.
- the irradiation time of the active energy ray is usually about 0.1 second to 10 seconds at room temperature, which is sufficient due to the intensity of the energy ray and the force due to the permeability of the energy ray to the curable composition. However, if the permeability of energy rays is low, or if the thickness of the curable composition is large, it may be preferable to spend more time. After 0.1 seconds to several minutes after irradiation with energy rays, most of the compositions have the ability to cure by cationic polymerization. After the irradiation, it is possible to perform after-curing by heating at room temperature to 150 ° C for several seconds to several hours.
- the curable composition of the present invention can also be cured by heating.
- the thermosetting is performed by heating at 50 to 250 ° C, preferably 80 to 200 ° C, for several minutes to several hours.
- curable composition of the present invention examples include paints, coatings, inks, positive resists, resist films, liquid resists, photosensitive materials, adhesives, molding materials, casting materials, putty materials, and the like.
- the fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphates of the invention and the transition metal complexes of the present invention generate strong acids upon irradiation with light, and are disclosed in JP-A-2003-267968, JP-A-2003-261529, It can also be used as a photoacid generator for a chemically amplified resist material as described in JP-A-2002-193925.
- a two-component chemically amplified positive resist containing a resin which becomes soluble in an alkali developer by the action of an acid and a photoacid generator as essential components, a resin and a resin which are soluble in an alkali developer
- a three-component chemically amplified positive resist containing a dissolution inhibitor and a photoacid generator, which become soluble in an alkali developer by action, as well as a resin and an acid soluble in an alkali developer.
- the resin can be used as a photoacid generator such as a chemically amplified negative resist containing a crosslinking agent and a photoacid generator as essential components, which crosslink the resin by being subjected to a heat treatment.
- the fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphates of the palladium and transition metal complexes of the present invention may be used alone or in combination as a photoacid generator. Further, other conventionally known photoacid generators may be used in combination.
- the amount of the photoacid generator used is usually in the range of 1 to 50% by mass based on the resin used for the resist.
- tris (pentafluoroethyl) difluorophosphorane gas chromatography purity 97%, yield 72%) was synthesized by electrolytic fluorination of triethylphosphine.
- tris (heptafluoropropyl) difluorophosphorane gas chromatography purity 89%, yield 52%) was synthesized by electrolytic fluorination of tris-n-propylphosphine.
- the precipitated yellowish slightly viscous oil was extracted with 120 g of ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was separated, and the organic layer was washed three times with 100 g of water.
- the solvent was distilled off from the organic layer, and the obtained yellow residue was dissolved by adding 50 g of toluene.
- 270 g of hexane was added to this toluene solution, stirred at 10 ° C. for 1 hour, and allowed to stand. Since the solution was separated into two layers, the upper layer was removed by liquid separation. Hexane (150 g) was added to the remaining lower layer and mixed well at room temperature to precipitate pale yellow crystals. This is filtered off and dried under reduced pressure to give 4- (phenylthio) phenyldisulfide-dimethyltris (pentafluoroethyl).
- Tris penenta Full O Roe chill 20 Weight 0/0 aqueous solution of tris (hepta full O b propyl) potassium Torifuruororin acid except that 20 mass 0/0 aqueous solution 163g of potassium Torifuruororin acid in the same manner as in Example 1 , 4-(Ferruthio) phenyldiphenylsulfo-dimethyltris (heptafluoropropyl)
- the reaction vessel was charged with 6.35 g of ice and 20 g of sulfuric acid, and cooled to 20 ° C. Then glacial acetic acid 3 Og was charged and 41 g of ammonium persulfate was added at 25 ° C. or lower. After the mixture was cooled to 15 ° C, a mixture of 21.8 g of toluene 4-iodide and 36.8 g of toluene was added dropwise over 2 hours while maintaining the liquid temperature at 20 ° C. After stirring at 20 ° C. for 15 hours, 135 g of 35% by mass saline was added, and the precipitated solid product was separated by filtration, and washed with saturated saline and then with water. After further washing with toluene and hexane, drying was performed under reduced pressure. The acetone was recrystallized to give 15.9 g of di-p-tolyodonium chloride as pale yellow crystals.
- Trifluorophosphate was obtained (yield 78%, purity 98% or more).
- a reaction vessel was charged with 5.6 g of Feguchi, 20 g of anhydrous sodium chloride, 1.4 g of aluminum powder and 50 ml of toluene, and refluxed for 16 hours with stirring. After cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature, it was placed in an ice bath, and 50 ml of ice water was slowly added dropwise so that the liquid temperature did not rise to 60 ° C or higher. The aqueous layer was separated, and washed three times with 10 ml of a mixed solution of toluene / hexane (1: 2). Tris (pentafluoroethyl) this aqueous layer 14.
- Potassium Torifuruororin acid was added to 5 mass 0/0 aqueous LOOG, a yellow oil was separated when stirred well. The oil was extracted with dichloromethane 30 ml, and divided the solvent under reduced pressure, the desired product (eta 5 - cyclopentadienyl) (7 6 -? Toluene) Fe (II) tris (penta Funoreo Loechnole)
- a reaction vessel was charged with 10.1 g of triethylamine, 19.9 g of phenacyl bromide and 200 g of methanol, followed by stirring at room temperature for 6 hours. The methanol was distilled off to obtain 29.9 g of white crystals. This was washed with getyl ether and dried under reduced pressure to obtain 24.9 g (yield: 83%) of an intermediate, ie, triethylphenacylammonium-bromobromide.
- Toriechiruamin 10 bird whistle the lg - Le phosphine 26. 2 g, except that the methanol 200g acetone 2 200 g, 5 wt 0/0 aqueous solution 322. 4g of tris potassium (penta Full O Roe chill) Torifuruororin acid and 210g, In the same manner as in Comparative Example 3, triphenyl-phenenacil phospho-dim tris (pentafluoroethyl)
- Triflate Ruo b 50 mass 0/0 propylene carbonate solution of phosphate was prepared.
- Hexane toluene Z (1: 2) mixed solution 10ml toluene 10ml, tris (Pentafuruoroe chill) Torifuruororin potassium 14.5 mass 0/0 aqueous solution 100g ammoxidation - Kisafuru to ⁇ beam O b antimonate 5.1% by weight aqueous solution except for using 150 g, in the same manner as in example 4, (7 5 -? cyclopentadienyl Jefferies - Le) (7 6 -? toluene) Fe (II) to the hexa full O b 50 mass 0/0 antimonate A propylene carbonate solution was obtained.
- Hexane toluene Z (1: 2) mixed solution 10ml toluene 10ml, tris (Pentafuruoroe chill) Torifuruororin potassium 14.5 mass 0/0 aqueous solution 100g ammoxidation - ⁇ to arm Kisafuru Orohosufeto 4.9 wt% aqueous solution of 100g and with other than the can, in the same manner as in example 4, (7 5 -? cyclopentadienyl Jefferies - Le) (eta 6 - toluene) Fe (II) to the hexa full O b phosphates give 50% by weight of propylene carbonate solution of bets Was.
- the fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphates of the polymer and the transition metal complex obtained by the present invention have a good cationic polymerization initiation ability for epoxy resins and also have a storage stability of a curable composition containing them. It can be seen that the properties are excellent. Furthermore, it is also found that the fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphate of the present invention is insoluble in cationically polymerizable monomers, especially general thiothion polymerization initiators, and is excellent in solubility in butyl ether.
- Viscosity change is less than 2 times Evaluation criteria ⁇ : ⁇ ⁇ ; ⁇ ⁇ : Turbidity ⁇ : Viscosity change is 2 times or more
- UV irradiation device belt conveyor type UV irradiation device (manufactured by Eye Graphics) • Lamp: 2KW (100WZcm) parallel light type metal halide lamp, irradiation distance 18cm. Conveyor speed: 4mZ min.
- the fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphates of the palladium and transition metal complexes of the present invention include paints, coatings, inks, resists (positive resists, chemically amplified resists, negative resists), resist films, Suitable as cationic polymerization initiators and photoacid generators for photosensitive materials, adhesives, molding materials, casting materials, putties, glass fiber impregnants, fillers, sealing materials, sealing materials, materials for stereolithography, etc. Used.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/597,616 US7709598B2 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-27 | Fluorinated alkyl fluorophoshoric acid salts of onium and transition metal complex |
JP2006513961A JP5095208B2 (ja) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-27 | 新規なオニウムおよび遷移金属錯体のフッ素化アルキルフルオロリン酸塩 |
EP05743525.7A EP1752463B1 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-27 | Novel fluorinated alkylfluorophosphoric acid salt of onium and transition metal complex |
CN2005800172543A CN1989145B (zh) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-27 | 新颖的氟代烷基氟磷酸鎓盐和过渡金属络合物盐 |
KR1020067027597A KR101218468B1 (ko) | 2004-05-28 | 2006-12-28 | 신규 오늄 및 전이 금속 착물의 불소화 알킬플루오로인산염 |
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JP2004159921 | 2004-05-28 | ||
JP2004-159921 | 2004-05-28 |
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WO2005116038A1 true WO2005116038A1 (ja) | 2005-12-08 |
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PCT/JP2005/009767 WO2005116038A1 (ja) | 2004-05-28 | 2005-05-27 | 新規なオニウムおよび遷移金属錯体のフッ素化アルキルフルオロリン酸塩 |
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US (1) | US7709598B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1752463B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5095208B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101218468B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1989145B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005116038A1 (ja) |
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EP1752463A1 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
US7709598B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 |
EP1752463B1 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
EP1752463A4 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
CN1989145B (zh) | 2010-06-23 |
CN1989145A (zh) | 2007-06-27 |
KR20070029211A (ko) | 2007-03-13 |
JP5095208B2 (ja) | 2012-12-12 |
KR101218468B1 (ko) | 2013-01-04 |
US20070225458A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
JPWO2005116038A1 (ja) | 2008-03-27 |
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