TWI308913B - Use of 1-oxo-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-4-methylisoindoline in treatment and management of brain cancer - Google Patents
Use of 1-oxo-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-4-methylisoindoline in treatment and management of brain cancer Download PDFInfo
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- TWI308913B TWI308913B TW092131080A TW92131080A TWI308913B TW I308913 B TWI308913 B TW I308913B TW 092131080 A TW092131080 A TW 092131080A TW 92131080 A TW92131080 A TW 92131080A TW I308913 B TWI308913 B TW I308913B
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Description
1308913 玖、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本申請案宣告2002年11月6日申請之美國臨時專利申請 案第60/424,600號,和2003年5月15日申請之美國專利申請 案第10/438,213號的優點,其宣稱優先於2〇〇2年5月17曰申 請之美國臨時專利申請案第60/380,842號和2〇〇2年11月6曰 申請之60/424,600號,全部以引用的方式併入本文中。 本發明係關於藉著單獨或與其他治療劑併用,投予一或 多個免疫調節化合物,來治療、預防及/或管控特定癌症, 以及其他包括,但不限於,有關於或其特徵在於不想要的 血管生成作用之疾病的方法。特定而言,本發明包括使用 藥物及其他療法的獨特組合或“雞尾酒”,例如輻射療法, 來治療這些特定的癌症,包括傳統療法難以醫治的那些。 本發明亦關於醫藥組合物以及投藥攝生法。 【先前技術】 2.1癌·^·及其他痣病的病理生物辠 癌症之特徵主要在於衍生自特定正常组織之異常細胞數 目上的增加’由這些異常細胞侵入鄰近的組織,或由淋巴 或血液-攜帶將惡性細胞散播至局部的淋巴結,並至遠處(轉 移)。臨床資料和分子生物學研究指出癌症是多步驟的過 程,從最小的腫瘤發生前變化開始,其可經歷某些情況而 進行至腫瘤形成。腫瘤病變可以無性繁殖之方式展開,並 發展増加侵入、生長、轉移和異質性的能力,尤其是在其 中該腫瘤細胞逃脫宿主之免疫監視的情況下。R〇itt,L, 89286 1308913
Brostoff,j 和 Kale,D” Immunology,17.1-17.12 (第 3 版,
Mosby,St· Louis, Mo” 1993)。 在醫學文獻中詳細地描述了各式各樣的癌症。實例包括 肺臟、結腸、直腸、前列腺、乳房、腦和小腸的癌症。癌 症發生隨著一般族群年齡、新癌症之發展,以及易感染族 群(例如感染AIDS的人們或過度暴露在陽光下)的成長而持 續攀升。因此對於可用來治療罹患癌症之患者的新穎方法 和組合物存有極大的需求。 «•争夕類型的癌症與新血管形成,稱為血管生成作用的過 程有關。已經闡釋涉及腫瘤-锈導之血管生成作用的數個機 制。這些機制大多數指向由腫瘤細胞分泌具有血管生成特 性的細胞素。這些細胞素的實例包括酸性和鹼性的纖維母 細胞生長因子(a,b-FGF)、促血管生長素(angi〇genin)、血管 内皮生長因子(VEGF)和TNF-α。或者,腫瘤細胞可經由蛋 白酶的產生,而釋放血管生成肽,接著使其中儲存一些細 胞素(例如b-FGF)的細胞外基質瓦解。亦可間接經由炎症細 胞(特別是巨噬細胞)的募集及其後續的血管生成細胞素(例 如TNF-ct、bFGF)之釋放,而謗導血管生成作用。 各種其他疾病和病症,亦有關於或其特徵在於不想要的 血管生成作用。例如,増強或不受調節的血管生成作用, 已經涉及許多疾病和醫學病沉,包括但不限於眼睛的新生 血管性疾病、脈絡膜新生血管性疾病、視網膜新生血管性 疾病、發紅(角的新生血管化作用)、病毒性疾病、遣傳疾病、 炎症性疾病、過敏疾病和自體免疫疾病。這類疾病和病況 1308913 的實例,包括但不限於:糖尿病性視網膜病變;早產的視 網膜病變;角膜移植排斥;新生血管性青光眼;晶狀體後 纖維組織增生和增殖性玻璃體視網膜病變。 因此’可控制血管生成作用或抑制某些細胞素,包括 TNF-α產生的化合物’可用來治療和預防各種疾病和病況。 2.2 治療癌症之方法 目刼的癌症療法可能涉及手術、化學療法、荷爾蒙療法 及/或輻射療法,在患者中撲滅腫瘤細胞(參見,例如
Stockdale,1998,Medicine,第 3冊,Rubenstein和Federman編 輯,第12章,第IV段)》最近’癌症療法亦可能涉及生物學 療法或免疫療法。所有的這些方法均在患者中引起重大的 障礙。例如’手術可能因患者的健康而不適合,或不被患 者接受。此外,手術也可能無法完全移除腫瘤組織。輻射 療法僅在腫瘤組織對輻射顯示出比正常組織更高的敏感性 時才有效。輻射療法也經常誘發嚴重的副作用^荷爾蒙療 法很少作為單一製劑給予。雖然荷爾蒙療法可能是有效 的,但它通常在移除大部分腫瘤細胞的其他治療之後使 用’以便預防或延遲癌症的復發。生物學療法和免疫療法 有許多限制’並可能產生副作用,如發疹或腫脹、類似流 感的症狀’包括發燒、寒顫和疾勞、消化道的問題或過敏 反應。 關於化學療法,有各種可用來治療癌症的化學治療劑。 大多數的癌症化學治療劑是藉著抑制DNA合成,直接或間 接藉著抑制脫氧核糖核苷酸三磷酸前驅物的生物合成而產 89286 1308913 生作用,預防DNA複製和伴隨而來的細胞分裂。Gilman等 人,Goodman and Gilman’s: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,第 10版(McGraw Hill, New York)。 不管各種化學治療劑的利用性,化學療法有許多缺點。 Stockdale,Medicine,第 3 冊,Rubenstein和 Federman編輯, 第12章,第10段,1988。幾乎所有的化學治療劑都是有毒 的,且化學療法引起重大的,且通常是危險的副作用,包 括嚴重的反胃、骨髓抑制和免疫抑制。此外,即使投予化 學治療劑的組合,許多腫瘤細胞仍有抗藥性或對該化學治 療劑發展出抗藥性。事實上,對在治療草案中使用之特殊 化學治療劑有抗藥性的那些細胞,通常證明對其他藥物亦 是有抗藥性的,即使那些製劑是藉著與在特殊治療中使用 的那些藥物不同的機制來作用。將該現象稱為多效性藥物 或多重藥物抗藥性。因為藥物的抗藥性,證實許多癌症對 標準化學療法之治療草案而言是難以醫治的。 其他有關於或其特徵在於不想要之血管生成作用的疾病 或病況,亦是不易醫治的。然而,已經建議使用一些化合 物,如魚精蛋白、肝素和類固醇來治療某些特殊的疾病。 Taylor等人,Nature 297:307 (1982); Folkman等人,Science 221:719 (1983);以及美國專利第 5,001,116號和 4,994,443 號。亦已經對這類疾病和病況的治療,提出沙利度胺 (Thalidomide)及其某些衍生物。D’Amato的美國專利第 5,593,990 號、5,629,327 號、5,712,291 號、6,071,948 號和 6,114,355 號。 89286 1308913 對於治療、預防和管控癌症及其他疾病和病況之安全且 有效的方法,仍有顯著的需求,特別是標準治療,如手術、 輻射療法、化學療法和荷爾蒙療法難以醫治的疾病,同時 降低或避免與傳統療法有關的毒性及/或副作用。 2.3 IMIDS™ 已經進行許多研究,企圖提供可安全並有效地用來治療 與TNF-ct之異常產製有關之疾病的化合物。參見,例如 Marriott,J.B.等人,Expert Opin. Biol. Ther· 1(4):1-8 (2001) ; G.W. Muller等人,Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 39(17):3238-3240 (1996);以及G.W. Muller等人,Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 8:2669-2674 (1998)。一些研 究已經集中於一群因其有效抑制由LPS刺激PBMC之TNF-α 產製的能力而被選出的化合物。L.G. Corral等人,Ann. Rheum. Dis. 58:(附錄I) 1107-1113 (1999)。這些化合物,稱 為IMiDsTM (Celgene Corporation)或免疫調節藥物,顯示不 僅有效地抑制TNF-a,亦明顯地抑制LPS誘導之單核細胞 ΙΧΙβ和IL12產生。雖然只是一部份,LPS誘導之IL6亦受到 免疫調節化合物的抑制。這些化合物是LPS謗導il 10的有效 刺激劑。在同一書中。IMiDsTK^特殊實例包括,但不限於 在G.W. Muller等人之美國專利第6,281,230號和6,316,471中 描述的經取代之2-(2,6-二氧基六氫吡啶-3-基)鄰苯二甲醯 亞胺和經取代之2-(2,6-二氧基六氫吡啶-3-基)_ι_氧基異吲 嗓。 【發明内容】 89286 • 9 - 1308913 本發明包括治療及财某些類型癌症的核, 性和轉移的癌症’以及傳統化學療法難以醫治或有抗藥二 的癌症。該万法包括對需要這類治療或預防的患者,投 在治療上或在預防上有效含量的免疫調節化合:,或其: 藥子上可接又的鹽、媒合物、水合物、立體異構體:籠形 物或前藥。本發明亦包括管控某些癌症的方法(例如預防或 延長其復發,或增長緩和的時間),其包括對需要這類管控 的患者,投予在預防上有效含量的本發明之免疫調節化: 物’或其在藥學上可接受的鹽、媒合物、水合物、立體異 構體、籠形物或前藥》 、 在本發明的特^方法中,將免疫調節化合物與在傳統上 用來治療、預防或管控癌症的療法合併投予。這類傳統療 法的實例包括’但不限於手術、化學療法、㈣療法、荷 爾蒙療法、生物學療法和免疫療法。 本發明亦包括治療、管㈣預时關於或其特徵在於不 想要之血管生成作用的癌症以外之疾病和病症的方法其 包括對需要這類治療、管控或預防的患者,投予在治療上 或在預防上有效含量的免疫調節化合物,或其在藥學上可 接受的鹽、媒合物、水合物、立體異構體、籠形物或前藥。 在本發明的其他方法中,將免疫調節化合物與在傳統上 用來治療、預防或管控有關於或其特徵在於不想要之血管 生成作用的疾病或病症的療法合併投予。這類傳統療法的 實例包括,但不限於手術、化學療法、輻射療法、荷爾蒙 療法、生物學療法和免疫療法。 89286 -10· 1308913 本發明包括醫藥組合物、單一單位劑量形式、投藥攝生 法和套組’其包括免疫調節化合物,或其在藥學上可接受 的鹽、媒合物、水合物、立體異構體、籠形物或前藥,以 及第二個或額外的活性製劑。第二個活性製劑包括藥物的 獨特組合或“雞尾滴。 【實施方式】 本發明的第-個具n實施例包括治療、管控或預防癌症 的方法,其包括對需要這類治療或預防的患者,投予在治 療上或在預防上有效含量的本發明之免疫調節化合物,或 其在槧學上可接受的鹽、媒合物、水合物、立體異構體、 籠形物或前藥》 在該具體實施例所包括的特定方法中,將免疫調節化合 物與治療、管控或預防癌症的其他藥物(“第二個活性製劑,,) 或方法合併投予。第二個活性製劑包括小分子和大分子(例 如蛋白質和抗體),在本文中提供它們的實例,以及幹細 胞。可與免疫調節化合物之投藥併用的方法或療法,包括 仁不限於目前用來治療、預防或管控癌症之手術、輸血、 免疫療法、生物學療法、輻射療法及其他不以藥物為基礎 的療法》 本發明的其他具體實施例包括治療、管控或預防有關於 或其特徵在於不想要之血管生成作用的癌症以外之疾病和 病症的方法。這些方法包括投予在治療上或在預防上有效 含量的免疫調節化合物,或其在藥學上可接受的鹽、媒合 物、水合物、立體異構體、籠形物或前藥。 89286 • 11· 1308913 有關於或其特徵在於不想要之血管生成作用的疾病和病 症的實例,包括但不限於炎症性疾病、自體免疫疾病、病 毒性疾病、遺傳疾病、過敏疾病、細菌性疾病、眼睛的新 生血管性疾病、脈絡膜新生血管性疾病、視網膜新生血管 性疾病和發紅(角的新生血管化作用有關於或其特徵在於 不想要之血管生成作用的疾病和病症的特定實例,包括但 不限於内毒素血症、中毒性休克徵候群、骨關節炎、逆轉 錄病母複製、消痩、腦膜炎、梦土 - f丨起的纖維化、石绵_ 引起的纖維化、獸醫的病症、與惡性有關的高血鈣症、猝 發、猶環休克、牙周炎、齒齦炎、大紅血球性貧血、難醫 治的貧血和5q-徵候群。 在該具體實施例所包括的特定方法中,將免疫調節化合 物與治療、管控或預防該疾病或病況的第二個活性製劑或 万法合併投予。第二個活性製劑包括小分子和大分子(例如 蛋白質和抗體),在本文中提供它們的實例,以及幹細胞。 可與免疫調節化合物之投藥併用的方法或療法,包括但不 限於目前用來治療、預防或管控有關於或其特徵在於不想 、血g'生成作用的疾病和病況之手術、輸血、免疫療法、 生物學療法、輻射療法及其他不以藥物為基礎的療法。 本發明亦包括可在本文中揭示之方法中使用的醫藥組合 物(例如單一單位劑量形式)。特定的醫藥組合物包括本發明 之免疫調節化合物,或其在藥學上可接受的鹽、媒合物、 水合物、立體異構體、籠形物或前藥,以及第二個活性製 劑。 89286 -12- 1308913 5.1免疫調節化会物 在本發明中使用的化合物,包括消旋的、在立體異構上 增強的,或在立體異構上純的免疫調節化合物,以及其在 藥學上可接受的鹽、媒合物、水合物、立體異構體、蘢形 物或前藥。在本發明中使用的較佳化合物,是具有分子量 低於大約1,000克/莫耳的小有機分子’且不是蛋白質、肽、 寡核苷酸、寡醣或其他大分子。 除非另行指定,當在本文中使用“免疫調節化合物,,和 “IMiDsTM’’(Celgene Corporation)—詞時,包括小有機分子, 其明顯地抑制TNF-α、LPS誘導之單核細胞化113和IL12’並 部分地抑制IL6產生。在下文討論特定的免疫調節化合物。 TNF-α是由巨噬細胞和單核細胞在急性炎症期間產生的 炎症性細胞素。TNF-α負責在細胞中各種範園的發送信號事 件。TNF-α可在癌症中扮演病理學的角色。不受理論的限 制,由本發明之免疫調節化合物發揮的生物學影響之一, 疋降低TNF-α的合成。本發明之免疫調節劑促進TNF_amRNA 的降解。 此外,不交理論的限请;!,在本發明中使用白々免疫調節抑 制劑亦可能疋有效的T細胞之共同-刺激物,並以劑量依賴 性的方式,戲劇化地增加細胞増殖。本發明之免疫調節劑 亦可能對CD8+ T細胞亞組具有比對CD4+ τ細胞亞組更大 的共同-刺激效果。此外,該化合物最好具有消炎的特性, 並有效地共同-刺激Τ細胞。 免疫調節化合物的特殊㈣包括,但Μ於在經取代之 89286 •13- 1308913 苯乙缔的氰基和幾基衍生物,如在美國專利第5,929,117號 中揭示的那些;1-氧基-2-(2,6-二氧基-3-氟六氫1»比途-3-基) 異啕哚啉和1,3-二氧基-2-(2,6-二氧基-3-氟六氫吡啶-3-基) 異吲哚啉,如在美國專利第5,874,448號和5,955,476號中描 述的那些;在美國專利第5,798,368號中描述的四經取代之 2-(2,6·二氧基六氫吡啶-3-基)-1-氧基異吲哚啉;丨_氧基和 1,3_ —戰基-2 - (2,6 - 一·氧基7T風p比症-3 -基)異丨111 朵11林(例如沙 利度胺和EM-12的4-甲基衍生物),包括但不限於在美國專 利第5,635,517號和6,403,613號中揭示的那些;在美國專利 第6,380,239號中描述的在嘀哚淋環4-或5-位置中經取代之 1-氧基和1,3-二氧基異㈤哚啉(例如4-(4-胺基-1,3-二氧基異 吲哚啉-2-基)·4-胺甲醯基丁酸);在美國專利第6,458,810號 中描述的在2-位置處以2,6-二氧基-3-羥基六氫吡啶-5-基取 代之異峭哚啉-1-酮和異啕哚啉-1,3-二酮(例如2-(2,6-二氧 基-3-羥基-5-氟六氫吡啶-5-基)-4-胺基異峭哚啉-1-酮);在美 國專利第5,698,579號和5,877,200號中揭示的一類非-多肽 環狀醯胺;沙利度胺的類似物和衍生物,包括沙利度胺的 水解產物、代謝產物、衍生物和前驅物,如在D’Amato之美 國專利第5,593,990號、5,629,327號和6,071,948號中揭示的 那些;胺基沙利度胺,以及胺基沙利度胺的類似物、水解 產物、代謝產物、衍生物和前驅物,以及經取代之2-(2,6-二氧基六氫p比读:-3-基)鄰苯二甲酿亞胺和經取代之2-(2,6-二氧基六氫》比淀-3-基)--氧基異吲噪,如在美國專利第 6,281,230號和6,316,471號中描述的那些;以及異吲哚_醯亞 89286 -14 - 1308913 胺化合物,如在2001年10月5曰申請之美國專利申請案第 09/972,487號、2001年12月21日申請之美國專利申請案第 10/032,286號和國際申請案第PCT/US01/50401(國際公開案 弟WO 02/059106號)中描述的那些。將在本文中確認的每個 專利和專利申請案,全部以引用的方式併入本文中。免疫 調節劑不包括沙利度胺。 其他特定的本發明之免疫調節化合物,包括但不限於在 美國專利第5,635,517號中描述的在苯并環中以胺基取代之 1-氧基和1,3-二氧基-2-(2,6-二氧基六氫吡啶-3-基)異丨哚 啉’以引用的方式併入本文中。這些化合物具有結構1 :
其中X和Y之一為C=〇,另一個X和Y為c=o或CH2,且R2為 氫或低碳數燒基,特別是曱基。特定的免疫調節劑包括, 但不限於: 1-氧基-2-(2,6-二氧基六氫p比淀基)-4-胺基異^丨嗓林; 1-氧基-2-(2,6-二氣基六氫峨喊-3-基)-5-胺基異丨》呆p林; 1-氧基-2-(2,6-二氧基六氫p比淀-3-基)-6-胺基異丨哚淋; ^氧基-2-(2,6-二氧基六氫吡啶基)·7-胺基異吲哚啉; 13-二氧基-2-(2,6-二氧基六氫吡啶-3-基)-4-胺基異β哚 林;和 13-二氧基-2-(2,6-二氧基六氫吡啶-3-基)-5·胺基異啕哚 <*林0 89286 -15- 1308913 其他特定的本發明之免疫調節化合物屬於經取代之 2-(2,6-二氧基六氫吡啶_3_基)鄰苯二甲醯亞胺和經取代之 2-(2,6-二氧基六氫吡啶_3-基)-1-氧基異吲哚的種類,如在美 國專利第 6,281,230號;6,316,471 號;6,335,349 號和 6,476,052 號’以及國際專利申請案第PCT/US97/13375號(國際公開案 第WO 98/03502號)中描述的那些,分別以引用的方式併入 本文中。代表性的化合物具有下式:
其中: X和Y之一為c=0,而另一個X和丫為〇〇或ch2 ;
(i)R1、R2、R3和R4彼此分別為鹵素、具有i至4個碳原子 之烷基,或具有1至4個碳原子之烷氧基或(ii)Ri、R2、…和 R4之一為-NHR5,而剩下的r1、、尺3和R4為氫; R為鼠或具有1至8個碳原子之燒基;
R6為氫、具有1至8個碳原子之烷基、苄基或鹵素; 其限制條件為,若X和γ為〇〇且⑴Rl、r2、尺3和r4分別 為氟,或(u)R1、R2、R3或r4之一為胺基,則r6不是氫。 該類的代表性化合物具有下式: 0
89286 1308913
其中R1為氫或甲基。在分開的具體實施例中’本發明包括 這些化合物之在對映異構上純的形式(例如在光學上純的 (R)或(S)對映體)的應用。 本發明另一個特定的免疫調節化合物,屬於一類在美國 專利申請案第10/032,286號和〇9/972,487號,以及國際申請 案第PCT/US01/50401(國際公開案第w〇 02/059106號)中揭 示的異吲哚·醯亞胺,分別以引用的方式併入本文中。代表 性的化合物具有式II :
及其在藥學上可接受的鹽、水合物、媒合物、籠形物、 對映體、非對映異構體、消旋物及立體異構體的混合物, 其中: X和Y之一為C=0,而另一個為<:112或€=0;
Rl為η、(Κ8)烷基、(C3-C7)環烷基、(C2-C8)烯基、(C2-C8) 決基、苄基、芳基、(Cc-C4)烷基-(CrC6)雜環烷基、(C()-C4) 89286 • 17- 1308913 烷基-(C2-C5)雜芳基、C(〇)R3、C(S)R3、C(0)OR4、(CVCs) 烷基-N(R6)2、(Ci-C8)烷基·οκ·5、(C1_C8)烷基·c(〇)〇R·5、 C(0)NHR3、C(S)NHR3、C(0)NR3R3、C(S)NR3R3 或(CrC8) 烷基-0(C0)R5 ; R2為 H、F、爷基、(Ci-Cg)虎基、(CrCg)晞基或(C2-C8)炔· 基; R3和R3’分別為(C「C8)燒基、(C3-C7)環烷基、(C2-C8)烯基、 (C2-C8)块基、节基、芳基、(C〇-C4)fe基-(Ci_C6)雜環燒基、 (c〇-c4)烷基-(c2-c5)雜芳基、(c〇-c8)烷基-N(R6)2、 基-OR5、(C!-C8)烷基-C(0)0R5、(cvc8)烷基-0(C0)R5 或 C(0)0R5 ; R4為(C「C8)烷基、(C2-C8)烯基、(C2-C8)炔基、(CrC4)烷 基-OR5、苄基、芳基、(C〇-C4)烷基-(CVC6)雜環烷基或(C〇-C4) 烷基-(C2-C5)雜芳基; R5為(CrCs)烷基、(C2-C8)烯基、(C2-C8)炔基、芊基、芳 基或(c2-c5)雜芳基; 每個出現的R6分別為H、(Ci-C8)烷基、(c2-c8)烯基、(C2-C8) 炔基、苄基、芳基、(C2-C5)雜芳基或(Q-Cs)烷基-C(0)0-R5, 或R6基團可連接形成雜環烷基基團;
η為0或1 ; JL *代表手性-碳中心。 在式II的特定化合物中,當η*〇時,Ri為(C3_C7)環烷基、 (c2-c8)晞基、(c2-c8)炔基、节基、芳基、(c〇_C4成基_(Ci_C6) 雜環烷基、(C〇-C4)烷基 _(c2_c5)雜芳基、c(0)R3、C(0)0R4、 89286 • 18- 1308913 (C[-C8)燒基- N(R6)2、(Ci-Cg)燒基- OR5、(C!-C8)燒基- C(0)0R5、C(S)NHR3或(C^-Cs)烷基-〇(CO)R5 ; R2為H或(CVCs)烷基;及 R3為(CVCs)烷基、(C3-C7)環烷基、(C2-C8)烯基、(C2-C8) 块基、苄基、芳基、(C,)-C4)烷基-((VC6)雜環烷基、(C0-C4) 烷基-(c2-c5)雜芳基、(C5-C8)烷基-N(R6)2 ; (c〇-c8)烷基-NH-C(0)0-R5,(CVCs)烷基-OR5、(CVCs)烷基-C(0)0R5、 (Ci-Cs)燒基- 0(C0)R5或C(0)0R5;而另一個可變物具有相同 的定義。 在另一個式II的特定化合物中,R2為Η或(Ci-C4)烷基。 在另一個式II的特定化合物中,R1為(C^Cs)烷基或芊基。 在另一個式II的特定化合物中,R1為Η、(Ci-C8)烷基、芊 基、CH2OCH3、CH2CH2OCH3或
在式II化合物的另一個具體實施例中,Ri為 R7 R7
其中Q為Ο或S ,且每個出現的R7分別為H、(Ci_c8)烷基、芊 基、CH2〇CH3 或 CH2CH2OCH3。 在另一個式11的特定化合物中,R1為C(0)R3。 在另一個式II的特定化合物中,R3為(c〇_C4)烷基_(C2_C:5) 雜芳基、(CVC8)烷基、芳基或(Cq_c4)烷基_0R5。 89286 -19- 1308913 在另一個式II的特定化合物中,雜芳基為吡啶基、呋喃基 或p塞吩基。 在另一個式II的特定化合物中,R1為c(〇)〇R4。 在另一個式II的特定化合物中,可利用(Ci_C4)烷基、芳基 或苄基置換C(0)NHC(0)的Η。 另一個特定的本發明之免疫調節化合物,屬於一類在美 國專利申請案第09/781,Π9號,國際公開案第貿〇 98/5417〇 號和美國專利第6,395,754號中揭示的異+朵亞胺,分別 以引用的方式併入本文中。代表性的化合物具有式ΠΙ:
及其在策學上可接受的鹽、水合物、媒合物、籠形物、對 陕體、非對映異構體、消旋物及立體異構體的混合物,其 中: ’ X和γ之一為c=〇,而另一個為CH2aC=〇; R為 Η或 CH2OCOR,; ⑴RO3或此分別為齒素、具有…個碳原 之燒基’或具有1至4個碳原子之垸氧基,或⑼r1、r2、 或^之一為硝基或-NHR5,而剩下的Rl、R2、R3或R4為氮 R5為氫或具有1至8個碳原子之燒基; R6為氫、具有⑻個碳原子之燒基、苯并、氯或氟; R’為 R7-CHR10-N(R8R9); 其中n具有0至4 R7為間-伸苯基或對-伸苯基或_(CnH2n)_ 89286 -20- 1308913 之值; R8和R9獨立取得時分%丨& + 付〒刀別為虱或具有1至8個碳原子之烷 基’或R8和R9—起為四亞甲基、五亞甲基、六亞甲基或 -CH2CH2[X]X,CH2CH2- . *t[X]X,4-0-> -S-il-NH-; R1。為氫、具有1至8個碳原子之燒基或苯基;且 *代表手性-碳中心。 其他代表性的化合物具有下式:
其中: 0,而另一個X和亨為00或CH: 入和Y之一為 (1)R R R或R彼此分別為鹵素、具有丄至斗個碳原子 之烷基,或具有⑴個碳原子之烷氧基,或⑼r1、r2、r: #之—為·醜5,而剩下的和R4為氫; R5為氫或具有1至8個碳原子之烷基; '為氫、具有1至8個碳原子之烷基、笨并、氯或氟; R7為間-伸苯基或對-伸苯基或-(CnHy-,其中n具有〇至4 之值; R8和R9獨立取得時分別為氫或具有丨至8個碳原子之烷 基,或R8和R9—起為四亞甲基、五亞甲基、六亞〒基或 -CH2CH2[X]X丨CH2CH2- ’ 其中[χ]χ、_〇…_s_或 _ΝΗ_ ; R10為氫、具有1至8個碳原子之烷基或笨基。 其他代表性的化合物具有下式: 89286.doc -21 · 1308913
χ和γ如同上文之定義; R1、R2、R3和R4彼此分別為鹵素、具有1至4個碳原子之 烷基,或具有1至4個碳原子之烷氧基,或(H)Ri、R2、"和 R4之一為硝基或經保護之胺基,而剩下的Ri、R2、…和Μ 為氫;且 R6為氫、具有1至8個碳原子之烷基、苯并、氯或氟。 其他代表性的化合物具有下式:
其中: χ和γ之一為c=o,而另一個父和丫為c=〇或; (i)R、R、R和R4彼此分別為鹵素、具有丨至4個碳原子 之烷基,或具有1至4個碳原子之烷氧基,或(n)Rl、R2、R3 和R:之-為-NHR5,而剩下的尺丨、r2、r、r4為氫; R為氫或具有1至8個碳原子之烷基,或c〇 r7_ch(r1q)nr8r9, 其中每個R' R8、rW。分別如同本文之定義;且 R6為具有1至8個碳原子之燒基、料、氯或氣。 化合物的特定實例具有下式: 89286 •22- 1308913
其中: X和Y之一為C=0,而另一個x*Y&c=〇或Ch2; R6為氫、具有1至8個碳原子之烷基、苄基、氯或貌; R為間-伸各基或對-伸苯基或_(CnH2n)- ’其中η具有〇至4 之值; R8和R9獨立取得時分別為氫或具有i至8個碳原子之烷 基’或R8和R9 —起為四亞甲基、五亞甲基、六亞甲基或 ,其中 X1 為·〇_、各或-NH-;且 R1{)為氫、具有1至8個碳原子之烷基或苯基。 本發明最佳的免疫調節化合物為4-(胺基)-2-(2,6-二氧基 (3-六氫吡啶基))·異吲哚啉-丨义二酮和3·(4·胺基-丨_氧基 -1,3-二氫-異吲哚-2-基)-六氫吡啶·2,6-二酮。該化合物可經 由標準合成方法而獲得(參見’例如美國專利第5,635,517 號,以引用的方式並入本文中)。該化合物係獲自Celgene
Corporation,Warren’ NJ。4-(胺基)·2_(2,6-二氧基(3·六氫吡 唉基))-異吶哚啉-1,3-二酮(艾克堤邁(ActIMID)tm)具有下 列的化學結構:
化合物3-(4-胺基-1-氧基-1,3-二氫-異吲哚_2_基)_六氫吡啶· 89286 23- 1308913 2,6-二酮(瑞必邁(rEvimID)tm)具有下列的化學結構:
其他特定的本發明之免疫調節劑,包括但不限於1 _氧基_ 2-(2,6-一氧基-3-氟六氫峨喊-3-基)異弓丨噪1»林和1,3-二氧基_ 2-(2,6-二乳基-3-敦六氫it比淀-3-基)異W 111朵淋,如在美國專利 第5,874,448號和5,955,476號中描述的那些,分別以引用的 方式併入本文中。代表性的化合物具有下式:
其中Y為氧或H2且 R、R2、R3和R4彼此分別為氫、卤素、具有1至4個碳原 子之燒基、具有1至4個碳原子之烷氧基或胺基β 其他特定的本發明之免疫調節化合物,包括但不限於在 美國專利第5,789,368號中描述的四經取代之2-(2,6-二氧基 六氫吡啶-3-基)-1_氧基異吲哚啉,以引用的方式併入本文 中。代表性的化合物具有下式:
其中R1、R2、R3和R4彼此分別為卣素、具有…個碳原 89286 -24· 1308913 子之燒基,或具有1至4個碳原子之燒氧基。 另一個㈣的本發明之免疫調節化合物,Μ但不㈣ 在美國專利第M〇3,6U號中插述的卜氧基和以二氧基 2-α6-二氧基六氫^_3_基則料,㈣用的方一式^入_ 本文中。代表性的化合物具有下式:
其中 γ為氧或η2, R1和R2的第一個為卣素、烷基、烷氧基、烷胺基、二烷 胺基、氛基或胺甲酿基,r>r2的第二個與第—個無關, 為氫H、烷基、烷氧基、烷胺基、二烷胺基、氰基或 胺甲醯基,且 R3為氫、烷基或苄基。 該化合物的特定實例具有下式:
其中Rl和R2的第一個為鹵素、具有1至4個碳原子之烷 基、具有1至4個碳原子之烷氧基、二烷胺基,其中每個烷 基均具有1至4個碳原子、氰基或胺甲醯基, R1和R2的第二個與第一個無關,為氫、鹵素、具有1至4 個碳原子之烷基、具有丨至4個碳原子之烷氧基、烷胺基, 89286 •25· 1308913 其中烷基具有1至4個碳原予、二烷胺基,其中每個烷基均 具有/至4個碳原子、氰基讀㈣基,且 R為氮、具有1至4個碳原子之烷基或苄基。其他代表性 的化合物具有下式··
其中R和R2的第一個為鹵素、具有1至4個碳原子之烷 基、具有1至4個碳原子之烷氧基、二烷胺基,其中每個烷 基均具有1至4個碳原予、氰基或胺甲醯基, R和R的第二個與第一個無關,為氫、齒素、具有1至4 個碳原子之烷基、具有丨至4個碳原子之烷氧基、烷胺基, 其中烷基具有1至4個碳原子、二烷胺基,其中每個烷基均 具有1至4個碳原子、氰基或胺甲醯基,且 R3為氫、具有1至4個碳原子之烷基或苄基。 另一個特定的本發明之免疫調節化合物,包括但不限於 在美國專利弟6,380,239號中描述的在1»5丨**朵淋環之4-或5-位 置處經取代的1-氧基和1,3-二氧基異吲哚啉,以引用的方式 併入本文中❶代表性的化合物具有下式:
其中以C*標明的碳原子構成一手性中心(此時η不是〇,且Ri 不是與R2相同的);X1和X2之一為胺基、硝基、具有1至6個 89286 -26 - 1308913 碳的烷基或NH-Z,且另一個χ!或X2為氫;Ri和R2分別為幾 基或NH-Z ; R3為氫、具有1至6個碳的烷基、鹵素或齒燒基; Z為氫、芳基、具有1至6個碳的烷基、甲醯基或具有1至6 個碳的醯基;且η具有〇、1或2之值;其限制條件為若χι為 胺基*且η為1或2,此時R1和R2不是兩者皆為氫;及其鹽類。 其他代表性的化合物具有下式:
其中以C *標明的碳原子構成一手性中心,此時^不是〇,且 R1不是R2 ; X1和X2之一為胺基、硝基、具有1至6個碳的烷 基或ΝΗ-Ζ,且另一個Χι或X2為氫;分別為羥基或 NH-Z,R3為具有1至6個碳的烷基、鹵素或氫;z為氫、芳 基或具有1至6個碳的烷基或醯基;且η具有〇、1或2之值; 及其鹽類。該化合物的特定實例具有下式:
其中X1和X2之一為硝基或ΝΗ-Ζ,且另一個Χι或X2為氫; R1和R2分別為羥基或NH-Z ; R3為具有1至6個碳的烷基、鹵素或氫; Z為氫、苯基、具有1至6個竣的醯基,或具有1至6個破的 烷基;且 η具有0 ' 1或2之值; 89286 -27- 1308913 其限制條件為若X1和X2之一為硝基,且η為1或2,此時R1 和R2是經基以外的;且 若-COR1和-(CH2)nC〇R2是不同的,則以C*標明的碳原子 構成一手性中心》其他代表性的化合物具有下式:
〇 Q
-R2 Ο ~(CH2)n-C-R1 其中X1和X2之一為具有1至6個碳的烷基; R1和R2分別為羥基或NH-Z ; R3為具有1至6個碳的烷基、鹵素或氫; Z為氫、苯基、具有1至6個碳的醯基,或具有1至6個碳的 虎基;且 η具有0、1或2之值;且 若-COR1和-(CHACOR2是不同的,則以C*標明的碳原子 構成一手性中心。 另一個特定的本發明之免疫調節化合物,包括但不限於 在美國專利第6,458,810號中描述的在2-位置處以2,6_二氧 基-3-¾基六氫吡啶基取代的異啕哚淋_丨_酮和異啕哚琳_ 1,3-二酮,以引用的方式併入本文中^代表性的化合物具有 下式: 、 89286 其中
_ 28 · 1308913 以*標明的碳原子構成一手性中心; X為-c(o)-或-CH2-; R1為具有1至8個碳原子的烷基或-NHR3 ; R2為氫、具有1至8個碳原子的烷基或鹵素; 且 R3為氫, 具有1至8個碳原子的燒基,未經取代或以具有1至8個碳 原子之烷氧基、齒素、胺基或具有1至4個碳原子之烷胺基 取代, 具有3至18個碳原子之環烷基, 苯基’未經取代或以具有1至8個碳原子之烷基、具有1至 8個碳原子之烷氧基、自素、胺基或具有1至4個碳原子之烷 胺基取代, 苄基’未經取代或以具有1至8個碳原子之烷基、具有1至 8個碳原子之烷氧基、齒素、胺基、具有1至4個碳原子之烷 胺基或-COR4取代,其中 R4為氫, 具有1至8個碳原子的烷基,未經取代或以具有1至8個碳 原子之烷氧基、自素、胺基或具有1至4個碳原子之烷胺基 取代, 具有3至18個碳原子之環烷基, 苯基’未經取代或以具有1至8個碳原子之烷基、具有1至 8個碳原子之烷氧基、卣素、胺基或具有丨至4個碳原子之烷 胺基取代,或 89286 -29· 1308913 苄基’未經取代或以具有1至8個碳原子之烷基、具有1至 8個碳原子之烷氧基、齒素、胺基或具有丨至4個碳原子之烷 胺基取代。 可買到本發明之化合物或可根據在本文中揭示之專利或 專利公開案中描述的方法來製備。此外,可使用已知的解 析試劑或手性管柱,以及其他標準合成有機化學技術,以 不對稱的方式合成或解析旋光純的化合物。 除非另行指定,當在本文中使用“在藥學上可接受之鹽,, 凋時,包括提及該詞之化合物的無毒性酸和鹼加成鹽 類。可接焚之無毒性酸加成鹽類,包括衍生自此項技藝中 已知的有機和無機酸或鹼的那些,其包括例如氫氯酸、氫 溴酸、磷酸、硫酸、甲烷磺酸、乙酸、酒石酸、乳酸、琥 泊酸、檸檬酸、ϋ果酸、順丁締二酸、山梨酸、烏頭酸、 水楊酸、鄰苯二甲酸、栓塞酸(emb〇lic acid)、庚酸及其類 似物。 具有奴性性質之化合物,能夠與各種在藥學上可接受的 鹼類形成鹽類。可用來製備這類酸性化合物在藥學上可接 丈义鹼加成鹽的鹼類,是形成無毒性鹼加成鹽的那些,即 含有在藥學上可接受之陽離子的鹽類,如鹼金屬或鹼土金 屬鹽類’但不限於此’特別是㉟、鎂、納或卸鹽《•適當的 有機驗類,包括但不限於Ν,Ν·二宇基乙:胺、氯普魯卡因、 膽汁素、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、葡甲胺(Ν_甲基葡糖胺)、離胺 酸和普魯卡因。 除非另行指定,當在本文中使用“前藥”一詞時,意指可 89286 •30· 1308913 在生物學條件下(在活體外或在活體内)水解、氧化或另行反 應5提供化合物的化合物之衍生物《前藥的實例包括,但 不限於本發明之免疫調節化合物的衍生物,其包括生物可 水解的部分’如生物可水解的醯胺類、生物可水解的酯類、 生物可水解的胺基甲酸酯類、生物可水解的碳酸酯類、生 物可水解的醯脲類’以及生物可水解的磷酸酯類似物。前 藥的其他實例包括本發明之免疫調節化合物的衍生物,其 包括-NO、_Ν02、·〇ΝΟ或_ON〇2部分。通常可使用已熟知 的方法來製備前藥,如在 1 Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery,172-178, 949-982 (Manfred E. Wolff編輯,第 5 版 ’ 1995)和 Design of Prodrugs (H. Bundgaard 編輯, Elselvier,New York 1985)中描述的那些。 除非另行指定,在本文中使用“生物可水解的醯胺”、“生 物可水解的酯”、“生物可水解的胺基甲酸酯”、“生物可水 解的碳酸酯”、“生物可水解的醯脲,,、“生物可水解的磷酸 醋” 一詞時,分別意指化合物的醯胺、酯、胺基甲酸酯、碳 酸酿、醯脲或磷酸酯,其:1)不干擾該化合物之生物活性, 但可賦與該化合物在活體内的有利性質,如攝取、作用期 間或作用的發動;或2)為在生物學上無活性的,但在活體 内轉變為具有生物活性的化合物《生物可水解之酯的實例 包括’但不限於低碳數烷基酯、低碳數醯氧烷基酯(如乙醯 氧基甲基、乙醯氧乙基、胺基羰氧基甲基、新戊醯氧基甲 基和新戊醯氧基乙基酿)、内醋基(lactonyl)酿(如S太基和硫8太 基酯)、低碳數烷氧基醯氧基烷基酯(如甲氧羰氧基曱基、乙 89286 -31- 1308913 氧羰氧基乙基和異丙氧基羰氧基乙基酯)、烷氧烷基酯、膽 鹼酯,以及醯胺基烷基酯(如乙醯胺基曱基酯)。生物可水解 之醯胺的實例,包括但不限於低碳數烷基醯胺、α-胺基酸 醯胺、烷氧醯基醯胺和烷胺基烷羰基醯胺。生物可水解之 胺基甲酸酯的實例,包括但不限於低碳數烷基胺、經取代 之乙二胺、胺基酸、羥烷基胺、雜環和雜芳香族之胺,以 及聚醚胺。 本發明的各種免疫調節化合物含有一或多個手性中心, 並可以對映體之消旋混合物或非對映體的混合物存在。本 發明包括這類化合物在立體異構上純的形式的應用,以及 那些形式之混合物的應用。例如,可在本發明之方法和组 合物中,使用包括相等或不相等含量的本發明之免疫調節 化合物之對映體的混合物。可使用標準技術,如手性管柱 或手性解析試劑,以不對稱的方式合成或解析這些異構 體。參見,例如 Jacques,J.等人,Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1981) ; Wilen, S.H.等人,Tetrahedron 33:2725 (1977) ; Eliel,E. L., Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw-Hill, NY, 1962);以及 Wilen, S. H.,Tables of Sesolving Agents and Optical Resolutions 第 268 頁(E.L. Eliel,編輯,Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame,IN,1972) o 除非另行指定,當在本文中使用“在立體異構上純的”一 詞時,意指一組合物包括化合物的一個立體異構體,且實 質上不含該化合物的其他立體異構體。例如,具有一個手 89286 -32- 1308913 性中心之化合物在立體異構上純的組合物,實質上將不含 該化合物相反的對映體。具有兩個手性中心之化合物在立 體異構上純的組合物,實質上將不含該化合物其他的非對 映體。代表性在立體異構上純的化合物,包括超過大約80 重量%之該化合物的一種立體異構體,和低於大約20重量% 之該化合物的其他立體異構體,更佳的是超過大約90重量°/〇 之該化合物的一種立體異構體,和低於大約10重量%之該化 合物的其他立體異構體,再更佳的是超過大約95重量%之該 化合物的一種立體異構體,和低於大約5重量%之該化合物 的其他立體異構體,且最佳的是超過大約97重量%之該化合 物的一種立體異構體,和低於大約3重量%之該化合物的其 他立體異構體。除非另行指定,當在本文中使用“在立體異 構上增強的”一詞時,意指一組合物包括超過大約60重量% 之化合物的一個立體異構體,最好是超過大約70重量%,更 佳的是超過大約80重量%之該化合物的一種立體異構體。除 非另行指定,當在本文中使用“在對映體上純的”一詞時, 意指具有一個手性中心之化合物在立體異構上純的組合 物。同樣地,“在對映體上增強的”一詞意指具有一個手性 中心之化合物在立體異構上增強的組合物。 應注意若在所敘述之結構和給予該結構的名稱之間有差 異,則較著重於與所敘述之結構相符。此外,若未指出結 構或一部分結構的立體化學,例如粗體或虛線,則將該結 構或一部分結構解釋為包括其所有的立體異構體。 5.2第二個活性製劑 89286 -33· I3〇89l3 在本發明(万法和組合物中,可將免疫調節化合物與其 他具有藥學活性之化合物(“第二個活性製劑”)混合。咸相信 某一組„在冶療特疋類型的癌症和某些有關於或其特徵在 、不心、要&血f生成作用的疾病和病況時,發揮協同作 用免疫,周節化合物亦可發揮減輕與某些第二個活性製劑 有關之有害衫響的作用’而有些第二個活性製劑可用來減 輕與免疫調節化合物有關的有害影響。 在本發明之方法和組合物中,可與免疫調節化合物一 起’使用-或多個第二個活性成分或製劑。第二個活性製 劑可以是大分子(例如蛋白質)或小分子(例如合成的無機、 有機金屬或有機分予)。 大分子活性製劑的實例,包括但不限於造血生長因子、 ^胞素’以及單株和多株抗^代表性的大分子活性製劑 疋生物分子,如天然存在的或人造的蛋白質。在本發明中 特別有用的蛋白質包括在活體外或在活體内,刺激造血前 驅細胞和具有免疫活性之生成細胞的存活及/或增殖的蛋 白質其他則在活體外或在活體内,在細胞中刺激關鍵紅 血球系統親代的分裂和分化《特定的蛋白質包括,但不限 於·•介白素,如IL-2(包括重組的IL-II (“riL2”)和金絲雀痘 IL-2)、IL_10、IL-12*IL-18;干擾素,如干擾素a 2a、干擾 素a-2b、干擾素α·η1、干擾素α_η3、干擾素p_ ! a和干擾素 γ-Ι b ; GM-CF和 GM-CSF ;以及 EPO。 可在本發明之方法和組合物中使用的特定蛋白質,包括 但不限於:惠而血添(filgrastim) ’在美國以商標名優保津 S9286 -34- 1308913 (Neupogen)®販售(Amgen, Thousand Oaks,CA);沙格司亭 (sargramostim),在美國以商標名沙格司亭(Leukine)®販售 (Immunex,Seattle, WA);以及重組的EPO,在美國以商標名 艾普根(Epogen)®販售(Amgen,Thousand Oaks, CA) 〇 可按照在美國專利第5,391,485號;5,393,870號和 5,229,496號中的描述,製備GM-CSF的重組和突變形式,全 部以引用的方式併入本文中。可按照在美國專利第 4,810,643號;4,999,291 號;5,528,823號和 5,580,755號中的 描述,製備G-CSF的重組和突變形式,全部以引用的方式併 入本文中。 本發明包括天然、天然存在和重組蛋白質的應用。本發 明更包括天然存在之蛋白質的突變種和衍生物(例如經過 修改的形式),其在活體内顯示出以其為基礎之蛋白質的至 少一些藥理學活性。突變種的實例,包括但不限於具有一 或多個與在該蛋白質之天然存在形式中相對應之殘基不同 的胺基酸殘基的蛋白質。“突變種”一詞亦包括缺少正常出 現在其天然存在之形式(例如未經糖基化之形式)中的碳水 化合物部分的蛋白質。衍生物的實例包括,但不限於聚乙 二醇化的衍生物和融合蛋白質’如藉著使IgGl或IgG3與感 興趣之蛋白質或該蛋白質之活性部分融合,所形成的蛋白 質。參見,例如Penichet,M.L.和 Morrison, S.L.,Immunol. Methods 248:91-101 (2001)。 可與本發明之化合物併用的抗體,包括單株和多株抗 體。抗體的實例包括,但不限於搓杜滋美(trastuzumab)(賀癌平 89286 -35- 1308913 (Herceptin)®)、利妥昔單抗(rituximab)(美羅華(Rituxan)®)、貝維希 單抗(bevacizumab)(阿維司汀(Avastin)™)、普特路單抗 (pertuzumab)(奥密塔克(Omnitarg)™)、妥司莫單抗 (tositumomab)(貝克薩(Bexxar)®)、艾墜克隆單抗(edrecolomab)(潘 諾雷克(Panorex)®)和G250。本發明之化合物亦可與抗_TNF-a 抗體混合或併用。 可以抗-癌症疫苗之形式投予大分子活性製劑。例如,可 在本發明之方法、醫藥組合物和套組中,使用分泌或引起 細胞素,如IL-2、G-CSF和GM-CSF分泌的疫苗《參見,例 如 Emens, L.A.等人,Curr. Opinion Mol. Ther. 3(1):77-84 (2001)。 在本發明的一個具體實施例中,大分子活性製劑降低、 排除或預防與投予免疫調節化合物有關的有害影響。依據 特定的免疫調節化合物,以及待治療之疾病或病症,有害 的影響包括,但不限於想睡和_眠、暈眩和直立性低血壓、 嗜中性白血球減少症、起因於嗜中性白血球減少症的感 染、增加HIV-病毒負載、心搏徐緩、史蒂芬-強森 (Stevens-Johnson)徵候群和毒性表皮壞死溶脫和發作(例如 癲癇大發作驚厥)。獨特的有害影響是嗜中性白血球減少 症。 亦可使用屬於小分子的第二個活性製劑,減輕與投予免 疫調節化合物有關的有害影響。然而,像一些大分子一樣, 咸相信當其與免疫調節化合物一起(例如之前、之後或同時) 投予時,能夠提供協同效果。小分子第二個活性製劑的實 89286 -36· 1308913 例,包括但不限於抗-癌症製劑、抗生素、免疫抑制劑和類 固醇。 抗-癌症製劑之實例包括,但不限於:阿西維辛 (acivicin);阿克拉黴素(aclarubicin);鹽酸阿考達峻 (acodazole hydrochloride);阿克羅寧(acronine);阿多來新 (adozelesin);阿地介白素(aldesleukin);六甲蜜胺 (altretamine);安波毒素(ambomycin);醋酸阿美蒽酉昆 (ametantrone acetate);安 口丫咬(amsacrine);阿那曲口坐 (anastrozole);氨茴黴素(anthramycin);天冬醯胺酶;阿斯 匹靈;阿扎胞替(azacitidine);阿扎替派(azetepa);阿佐黴 素(azotomycin);巴馬司他(batimastat),· 苯佐替派 (benzodepa);比卡魯米(bicalutamide);鹽酸比生群 (bisantrene hydrochloride);二甲續酸雙奈法德(bisnaHde dimesylate);比折來新(bizelesin);硫酸博菜黴素;布p奎那 麵(brequinar sodium);溴匹立明(bropirimine);白消安 (busulfan); 放線菌素C (cactinomycin);卡魯睪酉同 (calusterone);卡醋胺(caracemide);卡貝替姆(carbetimer); 卡銘(carboplatin);卡莫司ί丁(carmustine);鹽酸洋紅黴素I (carubicin hydrochloride);卡折來新(carzelesin);盛德芬果 (cedefingol);希樂葆(celecoxib);苯丁酸氮芥;希洛里黴素 (cirolemycin);順氯氨銘(cisplatin);克拉君賓(cladribine); 甲績酸克利諾投(crisnatol mesylate);環磷酿胺;阿糖胞芬 (cytarabine);甲嗔咪吐胺(dacarbazine);放線菌素D ;鹽酸 道語紅菌素;地西他濱(decitabine);右奥馬鉑 89286 -37- 1308913 (dexormaplatin);地扎狐寧(dezaguanine);曱績酸地扎胍寧; 地1Ύ S昆(diaziquone);多舍他昔(docetaxel);阿黴素 (doxorubicin);鹽酸阿黴素;屈洛昔芬(droloxifene);檸檬 酸屈洛昔芬;丙酸屈他雄酮(dromostanolone propionate);度 p丫黴素(duazomycin);依達曲沙(edatrexate);鹽酸依敷烏氨 酸(eflornithine hydrochloride);依沙藍星(elsamitrucin);恩 洛始(enloplatin);恩普氨g旨(enpromate);依匹喊歧 (epipropidine);鹽酸表柔比星(epirubicin hydrochloride);艾 布洛坐(erbulozole); 鹽酸依索比星(esorubicin hydrochloride);雌莫司灯·(estramustine);稱酸雌莫司;丁納; 依他硝峻(etanidazole);依托泊嘗(etoposide);磷酸依托泊 # ;依托普來(etoprine);鹽酸法個吐(fadrozole hydrochloride);法扎拉濱(fazarabine);芬維 A 胺 (fenretinide);氟尿嘗(floxuridine);磷酸氟達拉濱 (fludarabine phosphate);氟尿喊症(fluorouracil);氟西他濱 (flurocitabine);鱗 <»奎 _ (fosquidone);鱗曲星納(fostriecin sodium);吉西他濱(gemcitabine);鹽酸吉西他濱;輕基脲; 鹽酸伊達比星(idarubicin hydrochloride);異環鱗酿胺 (ifosfamide);伊莫福新(ilmofosine);異丙銘(iproplatin);依 立替康(irinotecan);鹽酸依立替康;酷酸蘭瑞肽(lanreotide acetate);來托唆(letrozole);醋酸亮丙里德(leuprolide acetate);鹽酸雷若吱(liarozole hydrochloride);洛美曲索鈉 (lometrexol sodium);洛莫司汀(lomustine);鹽酸洛索萬·酿 (losoxantrone hydrochloride);馬索羅盼(masoprocol);美登 89286 -38- 1308913 素(maytansine);鹽酸氮芥(mechlorethamine hydrochloride); 醋酸甲地孕納(megestrol acetate);醋酸美侖孕嗣 (melengestrol acetate);苯丙胺酸氮芥(melphalan);美諾立 爾(menogaril);硫基嘌呤;胺甲碟呤;胺甲碟呤鈉;美托普 來(metoprine);美妥替略(meturedepa);米 丁度胺 (mitindomide);米托卡辛(mitocarcin);米托可明 (mitocromin);米托格林(mitogillin);米托馬辛 (mitomalcin);絲裂黴素;米托司培(mitosper);米托坦 (mitotane);鹽酸米托惠 S昆(mitoxantrone hydrochloride);黴 盼酸(mycophenolicacid);語考達哇(nocodazole);諾拉黴素 (nogalamycin);奥馬銘(ormaplatin);亞續酿 p比淀(oxisuran); 紫杉醇(paclitaxel);培門冬酶(pegaspargase);佩裡黴素 (peliomycin);奈莫司汀(pentamnustine);硫酸培洛黴素 (peplomycin sulfate);過磷睦胺(perfosfamide);喊泊澳燒 (pipobroman);旅泊舒凡(piposulfan); p比囉慈 g昆(piroxantrone hydrochioride);普卡黴素(plicamycin);普洛美坦 (plomestane);外吩姆鈉(porfimer sodium);泊非黴素 (porfiromycin);潑尼氮芥(prednimustine);鹽酸丙卡巴肼 (procarbazine hydrochloride);嗓羅黴素(puromycin);鹽酸 嘌羅黴素;p比峻咬喃菌素(pyrazofurin);利波腺苷 (riboprine);沙菲果(safingol);鹽酸沙菲果;司莫司;丁 (semustine);辛曲秦(simtrazene);司帕氟酸納(sparfosate sodium);司帕黴素(sparsomycin);錄螺胺(spirogermanium hydrochloride);螺莫司汀(spiromustine);螺鉑(spiroplatin); 89286 -39- 1308913 绛色徽素(streptonigrin);鏈佐星(streptozocin);橫氯苯脲 (sulofenur);特利索徽素(talisomycin);特可格蘭納(tecogalan sodium);勉癌易(taxotere);替力σ氟(tegafur);鹽酸替洛蒽 酉昆(teloxantrone hydrochloride);替莫p卜吩(temoporfin),·替 尼泊替(teniposide);替羅昔隆(teroxirone);睪内酯 (testolactone);硫咪嘌呤(thiamiprine);硫代烏嗓呤 (thioguanine) ; p塞替喊(thiotepa) ; ρ塞峻咬林(tiazofurin);替 拉扎明(tirapazamine);檸檬酸托瑞米芬(toremifene citrate);酷酸二甲睪酮(trestolone acetate);鱗酸曲西立濱 (triciribine phosphate);三甲曲沙(trimetrexate);葡萄糖越 酸三甲曲沙;曲普瑞林(triptorelin);鹽酸妥布氯峻 (tubulozole hydrochloride);尿喊咬氣芬(uracil mustard);烏 瑞替喊(uredepa);伐普肽(vapreotide);維替泊芬 (verteporfin);硫酸長春花鹼;硫酸長春新鹼;長春地辛 (vindesine);硫酸長春地辛;硫酸長春匹定(vinepidine sulfate);硫酸長春甘酯(vinglycinate sulfate);硫酸長春羅 新(vinleurosine sulfate);酒石酸長春瑞賓(vinorelbine tartrate);硫酸長春羅定(vinrosidine sulfate);硫酸長春立定 (vinzolidine sulfate);伏氯嗅(vorozole);折尼銘(zeniplatin); 淨司他丁(zinostatin);以及鹽酸佐柔比星(zorubicin hydrochloride) 〇 其他抗-癌症藥物包括,但不限於:20-表-1,25二羥基維生 素D3 ; 5 -乙炔基尿p密淀;阿比瑞特酮(abiraterone);阿克拉 黴素;阿昔氟芬(acylfulvene);阿德西酴(adecypenol);阿多 89286 -40- 1308913 來新;阿地介白素;ALL-ΤΚ拮抗劑;六甲蜜胺;氨莫司汀 (ambamustine);阿米多司(amidox);氨磷;h'(amifostine);氨 基乙酿丙酸(aminolevulinic acid);氨柔比星(amrubicin);安 p丫淀;阿那格雷(anagrelide);阿那曲峻;穿心蓮内酿 (andrographolide);血管生成作用抑制劑;结抗劑D ;结抗 劑G ;安他雷里(antarelix);抗-背側形態發生蛋白質-1 ;抗 雄激素物質,前列腺癌;抗雌激素物質;抗腫瘤物質 (antineoplaston);反義寡核茲酸;甘胺酸阿非迪黴素 (aphidicolin glycinate);細胞凋零基因抑揚調節劑;細胞凋 零調節劑;無嘌呤核酸;ara-CDP-DL-PTBA ;精胺酸脫胺 酶:阿蘇拉來(asulacrine);阿黴素碳(atamestane);阿莫司 汀(atrimustine);艾司那斯塔S丁(axinastatin) 1 ;艾司那斯塔 汀2 ;艾司那斯塔汀3 ;阿扎司瓊(azasetron);阿扎毒素 (azatoxin);阿扎酷氨酸(azatyrosine);巴卡亭(baccatin) III 衍生物;巴侖醇(balanol);巴馬司他;BCR/ABL拮抗劑;苯 并氯林(benzochlorins); 苯甲醯星形孢菌素 (benzoylstaurosporine) ; β内醯胺衍生物;β-艾倫塞 (alethine);貝他克拉黴素(betaclamycin) Β ;樺木腦酸 (b etui ini c acid) ; bFGF抑制劑;卡比魯米;比生群;雙吖丙 症基精胺;雙奈法酸;比司崔丁(bistratene) A ;比折來新; 布瑞氟特(breflate);溴匹立明;布度鈦(budotitane) ; s-丁基 高半胱胺酸亞楓亞胺(buthionine sulfoximine);約泊三醇 (calcipotriol);蛋白激酵素C抑制劑(calphostin C);喜樹驗 衍生物;卡培他濱(capecitabine);羧醯胺·胺基-三吐;幾醯 89286 -41- 1308913 胺基三唑;CaRest M3 ; CARN 700 ;軟骨衍生之抑制劑;卡 折來新;酪蛋白激酶抑制劑(ICOS);栗籽豆鹼 (castanospermine);殺菌肽(cecropin) B ;西曲瑞克 (cetrorelix);氯林(chlorlns);氯p奎吟淋績酿胺;西沙普特 (cicaprost);順-叶淋:克拉君賓;氯米芬(clomifene)類似物; 克黴嗅(clotrimazole);可林司黴素(collismycin) A ;可林司 黴素B ;肯補塔斯塔ί丁(combretastatin) A4 ;肯補塔斯塔汀類 似物;可那給寧(conagenin);克雷貝西丁(crambescidin) 816 ;克利諾投;念珠藻環肽(cryptophycin) 8 ;念珠藻環肽 A衍生物;庫拉辛(curacin) A ; 環戊蒽酿 (cyclopentanthraquinones);環普拉坦(cycloplatam);塞普黴 素(cypemycin);奥克福酸(ocfosfate)阿糖胞芬;細胞溶解因 子;細胞斯塔ί丁(cytostatin);羅植平(dacliximab);地西他 濱;脫氫膜海銷素(dehydrodidemnin) B ;地洛瑞林 (deslorelin);地塞米松;右異環磷酿胺(dexifosfamide);右 雷佐生(dexrazoxane);右維雷帕(dexverapamil);地 p丫商昆 (diaziquone);膜海鞘素B;迪多克司(didox);二乙基去甲-精胺(diethylnorspermine);二氫-5-氮雜胞喊歧核隹;二氫紫 彩垸,9-;二崎黴素(dioxamycin);聯苯基螺莫司汀;多舍 他昔;多可沙諾(docosanol):多拉司瓊(dolasetron);去氧氟 尿 ^(doxifluridine);阿黴素;屈洛昔芬(droloxifene);屈大 麻盼(dronabinol);度卡黴素(duocarmycin) SA ;依布磁 (ebselen);依考莫司汀(ecomustine);依地福新(edelfosine); 艾墜克隆單抗;依氟鳥氧酸;視香缔(elemene);依米唆 89286 •42- 1308913 (emitefur);表柔比星;依普斯特(epristeride);雌莫司汀類 似物;雌激素激動劑;雌激素拮抗劑;依他硝嗅;鱗酸依 托泊苷;依曼適達(exemestane);法倔唑;法扎拉濱;芬維 A胺;惠而血添;非那雄胺(finasteride);黃p比洛多 (flavopiridol);福樂拉丁(flezelastine);氟司特洛 (fluasterone);氟達拉濱;鹽酸氟道諾紅菌素;福芬美克 (forfenimex);福麥其斤坦(formestane);磷曲星;福莫司ί丁 (fotemustine);德外淋(texaphyrin)釓;硝酸鎵;加洛他濱 (galocitabine);加尼瑞克(ganirelix);明膠酶抑制劑;吉西 他濱;穀胱甘肽抑制劑;亥普舒芬(hepsulfam);荷爾古林 (heregulin);伸己基雙乙醯胺;金絲桃素(hypericin);依班 卓酸(ibandronic acid);伊達比星;艾多昔芬(idoxifene);伊 卓曼頓(idramantone);伊莫福新;伊洛馬司他(n〇mastat); 伊馬替尼(imatinib)(例如給你活(Gleevec)®),咪喹莫 (imiquimod);免疫刺激劑肽;類胰島素生長因子受體抑 制劑;干擾素激動劑;干擾素;介白素;碘芊胍 (iobenguane);碘阿黴素(i〇d〇doxorubicin);蕃薯寧 (ipomeanol),4-;艾若佩克(iroplact);伊索拉定 (irsogladine);異班格唑(is〇bengazole);異高哈里康卓 (isohomohalicondrin) B ;伊他司瓊恩(itasetron);嘉普拉金 諾(jasplakinolide);卡哈拉賴(kahalalide) F ;拉美樂林 (lamellarin)-N二乙酸鹽;蘭瑞肽;莱娜徽素(iejnaniycin); 來格司亭(lenograstim);硫酸蘑菇多糖〇entinan sUifate);萊 普托斯塔汀(leptolstatin);來托唑;白血病抑制因子;白血 89286 -43· 1308913 球α干擾素;亮丙里德+雌激素+黃體酮;亮丙瑞林 (leuprorelin);左旋咪吐(levamisole);雷若嗤;線性聚胺類 似物;親脂性二醣肽;親脂性鉑化合物;里索林醯胺 (lissoclinamide) 7 ;洛銘(lobaplatin);虫丘辦丨磷脂(lombricine); 洛美曲索;氯尼達明(lonidamine);洛索蒽醌;洛索瑞拜 (loxoribine);勒托替康(lurtotecan);德外淋銷;溶解非林 (lysofylline);溶解肽(lytic peptides);美坦辛(maitansine); 美諾斯塔汁(mannostatin) A ;馬立馬司他(marimastat);馬索 羅齡;馬司平(maspin);基質裂解蛋白(matrilysin)抑制劑; 基質金屬蛋白酶抑制劑;美諾立爾;麥爾巴隆(merbarone); 麥特瑞林(meterelin);甲硫胺酸酶;甲氧氯普胺 (metoclopramide) ; MIF抑制劑:米非司輞(mifepristone);米 替福新(miltefosine);米里莫斯丁(mirimostim);米托胍腙 (mitoguazone);二溴衛矛醇(mitolactol);絲裂徽素類似物; 米托莕胺(mitonafide);米托毒素(mitotoxin)纖維母細胞生長 因子-肥皂草素(saporin);米托蒽醌;莫法羅汀 (mofarotene);莫拉司亭(molgramostim);艾比杜克司 (Erbitux),人類絨毛膜促性腺激素(chorionic gonadotrophin);單磷酸脂質A+分枝桿菌細胞壁骨架;莫哌 達醇(mopidamol);芥子抗癌製劑;碳黴過氧化物 (mycaperoxide) B;分枝桿菌細胞壁萃取物;麥雷普酮 (myriaporone) ; N-乙醯基迪萘林(dinaline) ; N-經取代之苯 甲醯胺;那法瑞林(nafarelin);那格瑞斯提(nagrestip);納 洛酮(naloxone)+噴他佐辛(pentazocine);納帕芬(napavin); 89286 -44 - 1308913 納特平(naphterpin);納托格絲汀(nartograstim);奈達鉑 (nedaplatin);奈莫柔比星(nemorubicin);内利卓尼酸 (neridronic acid);尼魯米特(nilutamide);尼薩黴素 (nisamycin);氧化氮抑揚調節劑;硝基氧(nitroxide)抗氧化 劑;尼楚萊(nitrullyn);奥比里森(oblimersen)(根納三思 (Genasense)®) ; 06-苄基烏嘌吟;奥曲肽(octreotide);奥可 散鋼(okicenone);寡核苷酸;歐那司酮(onapristone);昂丹 司瓊(ondansetron);歐瑞辛(oracin) ; 口服細胞素誘導物; 奥馬鉑;奥沙孕烯酮(osaterone);奥沙利鉑(oxaliplatin);奥 薩諾黴素(oxaunomycin);紫杉醇;紫杉醇類似物;紫杉醇 衍生物;帕勞胺(palauamine);棕櫚醯基根黴辛 (palmitoylrhizoxin);帕米酸(pamidronic acid);人參块三醇 (panaxytriol);帕諾米芬(panomifene);副菌鐵素 (parabactin);帕折普汀(pazelliptine);培門冬酶;佩爾德新 (peldesine);木聚硫納(pentosan polysulfate sodium);喷司 他丁(pentostatin);潘佐唑(pentrozole);十七氟溴辛烷 (perflubron);過磷醯胺;紫蘇醇(perillyl alcohol);吩唤黴 素(phenazinomycin);苯基乙酸酯;磷酸酶抑制劑;溶鏈菌 製劑(picibanil);鹽酸匹魯卡品(pilocarpine hydrochloride); p比柔比星(pirarubicin);吡曲克辛(piritrexim);普雷西汀 (placetin) A ;普雷西汀B ;血纖維蛋白溶酶原激活劑抑制 劑;鉑複合物;鉑化合物;鉑·三胺複合物;p卜吩姆鈉;泊 非黴素;脫氫可的松;丙基雙-吖啶酮;前列腺素J2 ;蛋白 質降解體(proteasome)抑制劑;以蛋白質A為基礎的免疫抑 89286 -45- 1308913 揚調節劑;蛋白質激酶C抑制劑;單細胞藻類(microalgal); 蛋白質酪胺酸磷酸酶抑制劑;嘌呤核苷磷酸酶抑制劑;紅 紫素(purpurins);峨吐并叶攻;比咬氧基化之血紅素聚氧乙 晞共軛物;raf拮抗劑;雷替曲塞(raltitrexed);雷莫司瓊恩 (ramosetron) ; ras法呢基蛋白質轉移酶抑制劑;ras抑制劑; ras-GAP抑制劑;瑞特里普泰(retelliptine),去甲基化的;羥 乙磷酸(etidronate)銖Re 186 ;利索新(rhizoxin);核酵素 (ribozymes) ; RII 視黃酿胺(retinamide);路荷圖素 (rohitukine);羅莫肽(romurtide);羅 p奎美克(roquinimex); 路比吉晒(rubiginone) B1 ;路波克塞(ruboxyl);沙菲果;勝 特平(saintopin) ; SarCNU ;薩可分妥(sarcophytol) A ;沙格 司亭;Sdi 1模仿物;司莫司汀;衰老衍生之抑制劑1 ;有意 義寡核站酸;信號轉導抑制劑;西佐喃(sizofiran);索布佐 生(sobuzoxane);棚[10B]卡納(sodiumborocaptate);苯基乙 酸鈉;索菲爾醇(solverol);促生長因子結合蛋白質;索納 明(sonermin);司帕氟酸(sparfosic acid);司匹卡黴素 (spicamycin) D ;螺莫司 ί丁;脾潘丁(splenopentin);海綿素 (spongistatin) 1 ;角鯊胺(squalamine);司帝普醯胺 (stipiamide);基質溶解素(stromelysin)抑制劑;舒芬諾新 (sulfinosine);超活性之血管活性腸肽拮抗劑;蘇拉迪塔 (suradista);蘇拉明(suramin);苦馬豆素(swainsonine);他 莫司汀(tallimustine);甲蛾他莫昔芬(tamoxifen methiodide);牛橫莫司;?丁(tauromustine);他扎羅 it (tazarotene);特可格蘭鈉;替加氟;特路雷派林 89286 -46- 1308913 (tellurapyrylium);端粒酶抑制劑;替莫p卜吩;替尼泊替; 四氯十氧化物(tetrachl〇r〇decaoxide);四佐明(tetrazomine); 阿樸菲型異卩奎p林生物驗(thaliblastine);硫克雷林 (thiocoraline);血小板生成素(thrombopoietin);血小板生成 素模仿物;日達仙(tm)胸腺l(thymalfasin);胸線生成素 (thymopoietin)受體激動劑;胸腺三納(thymotrinan);甲狀腺 刺激荷爾蒙;合成茜草紫(tin ethyl etiopurpurin);替拉扎 明;二氣二環戊二晞鈇(出anocene bichloride);拓普先亭 (topsentin);托瑞米芬;轉譯抑制劑;維生素A酸(tretinoin); 三乙醯基尿嘧啶核苷;曲西立濱;三甲曲沙;曲普瑞林; 托娱> 司道(tropisetron) ; 土若司特雷(turosteride);路胺酸激 酶抑制劑;路福司汀(tyrphostins) ; UBC抑制劑;烏苯美司 (ubenimex);泌尿生殖竇-衍生之生長抑制因子;尿激酶受 體拮抗劑;伐普欣;瓦里歐林(variolin) B ;維拉瑞索 (velaresol);維拉胺(veramine);維爾丁(verdins);維替泊芬; 長春瑞賓;維薩汀(vinxaltine);維塔辛(vitaxin);伏氣嗅; 勒諾特酮(zanoterone);折尼舶;亞爷維C (zilascorb)和淨司 他 丁斯醋(zinostatin stimalamer)。 特定的第二個活性製劑包括,但不限於奥比里森(根納三 思(Genasense)®、英利昔單抗(remicade)、多舍他昔、希樂 葆、苯丙胺酸氮芥、地塞米松(德卡龍(Decadron)®)、類固醇、 吉西他濱 '順氯氨鉑 '替莫吐胺(temozolomide)、依托泊苷' 環磷醯胺、替莫唑胺(temodar)、卡鉑、丙卡巴肼、格里德 爾(gliadel)、他莫昔芬、拓撲太肯(topotecan)、胺甲碟呤、 89286 -47- 1308913 亞里沙(Arisa)®、紫杉醇、剋癌易、氟-尿嘧啶、曱醯四氫葉 酸約(leucovorin)、依立替康、截瘤達(xeloda)、CPT-11、千 擾素α、聚乙二醇化的干擾素α(例如PEG INTRON-A)、卡培 他濱、順氯氨鉑、嘧替哌、氟達拉濱、卡鉑、微脂粒的道 諾紅菌素、阿糖胞芬、多舍他昔、紫杉醇、長春花驗、IL-2、 GM-CSF、甲嗪咪唑胺、長春瑞賓、唑來磷酸(zoledronic acid)、棕摘佐酸鹽(palmitronate)、甲紅黴素(biaxin)、白消 安、脫氫可的松、雙膦酸酯、三氧化二砷、長春新鹼、阿 黴素(多希爾(Doxil)®)、紫杉醇、更昔洛章(ganciclovir)、亞 德里亞黴素、雌莫司汀磷酸鈉(安塞特(Emcyt)®)、舒林酸 (sulindac)和依托泊苷。 5.3治療和賴防的方法 本發明之方法包括治療、預防及/或管控各種類型癌症, 以及有關於或其特徵在於不想要之血管生成作用之疾病和 病症的方法。除非另行指定,當在本文中使用時,“治療” 一詞意指在特定疾病或病況的症狀發生之後,投予本發明 之化合物或其他額外的活性製劑。除非另行指定,當在本 文中使用時,‘‘預防”一詞意指在症狀發生之前投藥,特別 是對有癌症,及其他有關於或其特徵在於不想要之血管生 成作用之疾病和病症風險的患者。“預防,,一詞包括抑制特 定疾病或病症的症狀。具有癌症及有關於或其特徵在於不 想要之血管生成作用的疾病和病症之家族歷史的患者,是 預防攝生法的較佳候選者。除非另行指定,當在本文中使 用時,“管控”一詞包括在曾經受其所苦之患者中,預防特 89286 -48 · 1308913 疋疾病或病症的復發,及/或延長曾經受其所苦之患者維持 免除疾病的時間》 當在本文中使用時,“癌症”一詞包括,但不限於固體腫 瘤和血液產生的腫瘤‘癌症,,一詞意指皮膚組織、器官、 血液和血管的疾病,包括但不限於膀胱、骨骼或血液、腦、 乳房、子宮頸、胸腔、結腸、子宮内膜、食道、眼睛、頭、 腎臟、肝臟、淋巴結、肺臟、嘴、頸部、卵巢、胰臟、前 列腺、直腸、胃、睪丸、咽喉和子宮的癌症。特定的癌症 包括,但不限於晚期的惡性、澱粉樣變性、神經胚細胞瘤、 腦膜瘤、血管化皮細胞瘤、多重腦轉移、多形性神經勝質 母細胞瘤、神經膠質母細胞瘤、腦幹神經膠質瘤、預後不 佳的惡性腦腫瘤、惡性神經膠質瘤、復發的惡性神經膠質 瘤、退行發育的星形細胞瘤、退行發育的寡樹突膠質瘤、 神經内分泌腫瘤、直腸腺癌、杜克氏(Dukes) c & D結直腸 癌、不可切除的結直腸癌、轉移的肝細胞癌、卡波西氏 (Kaposi’s)肉瘤、核型急性骨髓母細胞性白血病、霍奇金氏 淋巴瘤、非-霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、皮膚T-細胞淋巴瘤、皮膚b_ 細胞淋巴瘤、瀰漫性大B-細胞淋巴瘤、低等級的滤泡性淋 巴瘤、惡性黑色素瘤、惡性間皮瘤、惡性胸腔積液間皮瘤 徵候群、腹膜癌、乳頭狀楽·液性癌、婦科的肉瘤、軟組織 肉瘤、硬皮病、皮膚脈管炎、蘭氏細胞組織細胞增多症、 平滑肌肉瘤、進行性骨化性纖維發育不良、荷爾蒙難治性 前列腺癌、經過切除的高風險軟組織肉瘤、不可切除的肝 細胞癌、渥登斯壯氏(Waldenstr〇m’s)大球蛋白血症、隱匿型 89286 •49- 1308913 骨髓瘤、無痛性骨髓瘤、輸卵管癌、雄激素獨立性前列腺 癌、雄激素依賴性第IV期非-轉移性前列腺癌、荷爾蒙_不敏 感性前列腺癌、化學療法-不敏感性前列腺癌、乳頭狀甲狀 腺癌、滤泡性甲狀腺癌、髓質甲狀腺癌和平滑肌瘤在特 定的具體實施例中’該癌症是轉移性的》在其他的具體實 施例中,該癌症對化學療法或輻射是難醫治的,或有抵抗 力的;特別對沙利度胺是難醫治的。 當在本文中提及癌症以外的疾病和病況時,“有關於或其 特徵在於不想要之血管生成作用的疾病或病症”、“有關於 不想要之血管生成作用的疾病或病症”和“其特徵在於不想 要之血管生成作用的疾病或病症’,一詞,意指由不想要、不 希望或不受控制之血管生成作用引起、調解或參與的疾 病、病症和病況’包括但不限於炎症性疾病、自體免疫疾 病、遺傳疾病、過敏疾病、細菌疾病、眼睛的新生血管疾 病、脈絡膜新生血管疾病和視網膜新生血管疾病。 這類與不想要之血管生成作用有關之疾病或病症的實 例’包括但不限於糖尿病視網膜病變、早產的視網膜病變、 角膜移植排斥、新生血管性音光眼、晶狀體後纖維組織增 生、增殖性玻璃體視網膜病變、沙眼、近視、眼科的凹痕、 表皮角結膜炎、異位性角膜炎、上緣角膜炎、翼狀乾性角 膜炎、修格蘭氏徵候群(sj0grens)、酒渣鼻性痤瘡、小水疮 病、梅毒、脂質變性、細菌性潰瘍、真菌性潰瘍、單純疱 疹病毒感染、帶狀疱疹感染、原蟲感染、卡波西氏肉瘤、 穆侖氏(Mooren)潰瘍、泰瑞氏(Terrien’s)邊緣性變性、邊緣 89286 -50· 1308913 性角質層分離、風濕性關節炎、全身性狼瘡、多關節炎、 創傷、維格納氏(Wegeners)類肉瘤病、鞏膜炎、史蒂芬-強 森(Steven’s Johnson)症、periphigoid輻射狀角膜切開術、鐮 狀細胞性貧血、類肉瘤病、彈力纖維性假黃瘤、佩格特氏 (Pagets)症、靜脈閉塞、動脈閉塞、頸動脈阻塞性疾病、慢 性葡萄膜炎、慢性玻璃體炎、萊姆(Lyme’s)病、里爾茲(Eales) 病、貝卻特氏(Bechet’s)病、視網膜炎、脈絡膜炎、假定的 眼科组織胞漿菌病、貝司特氏(Bests)病、史塔格特氏 (Stargarts)病、睫狀體平坦部癌症、慢性視網膜脫離、高黏 稠度徵候群、弓槳蟲症、發紅、類肉瘤病、硬化、soriatis、 牛皮癖、原發性硬化性膽管炎、直腸炎、原發性膽汁性肝 硬化、特發性肺纖維化、酒精性肝炎、内毒素血症、中毒 性休克徵候群、骨關節炎、逆轉錄病毒複製、消痩、腦膜 炎、矽土 引起的纖維化、石綿·引起的纖維化、與惡性有關 的高血鈣症、猝發、循環休克、牙周炎、齒齦炎、大紅血 球性貧血、難醫治的貧血、5q-徵候群,以及由貓免疫不全 病毒、馬傳染性貧血病毒、羊關節炎病毒、綿羊髓鞘脫落 病毒(visna virus)、梅迪病毒(maedi virus)或慢病毒引起的獸 醫病症。 在本發明特定的具體實施例中,與不想要之血管生成作 用有關的疾病或病症,不包括參血性心衰竭、心肌病、肺 水腫、内毒素·調解之敗血性休克、急性病毒性心肌炎、心 臟同種異體移植排斥、心肌梗塞、HIV、肝炎、急性呼吸窘 追徵候群、骨-吸收疾病、慢性阻塞性肺病、慢性肺臟炎症 89286 -51- 1308913 性疾病、皮炎、胰囊性纖維變性、敗血性休克、敗血症、 内毒素性休克、血液動力學性休克、敗血症徵候群、缺血 後再灌注之傷害、纖維變性之疾病、惡病質、移植排斥、 類風濕性脊椎炎、骨質疏鬆症、潰瘍性結腸炎、炎症性腸 病、多發性硬化症、全身性紅斑性狼瘡、在痲瘋時的痲瘋 樣結節性紅斑、輻射傷害、氣喘、高壓氧肺泡傷害、瘧疾、 分枝桿菌感染和起因於HIV的機會性感染。 本發明包括治療先前已經利用標準療法治療癌症,或有 關於或其特徵在於不想要之血管生成作用的疾病或病症, 但無反應之患者,以及尚未經過治療之那些患者的方法β 本發明亦包括治療患者的方法,不管患者的年齡’雖然某 些疾病或病症較常出現在某些年齡群中,本發明進一步更 包括治療已經接受手術,企圖治療問題疾病或病症之患 者’以及未曾接受的那些患者的方法。因為罹患癌症和其 特徵在於不想要之血管生成作用的疾病和病症的患者,具 有不同的臨床表現和多變的臨床結果,故可視他/她的預後 改變所給予的治療。熟練的臨床醫師將不需過度的實驗, 便能夠輕易地判定可有效用來治療罹患癌症及其他疾病或 病症之個別患者的特定的第二個製劑、手術類型,以及以 #藥物為基礎之標準療法。 本發明所包括之方法,包括對罹患或可能罹患癌症或由 不想要之血官生成作用調解的疾病或病症之患者(例如人 類),投予一或多種本發明之免疫調節化合物,或其在藥學 上可接受之鹽、媒合物、水合物、立體異構體、蘢形物或 89286 • 52· 1308913 前藥 在本發明的一個具體實施例中,以單一劑量或分開的劑 量,以從大約0.10到大約150毫克/天的量,每天投予本發明 之免疫調節化合物β在特定的具體實施例中,可以每天從 大約0.1到大約1毫克的量,或另外以每隔一天從大約0.1到 大約5毫克的量,投予4-(胺基)-2-(2,6-二氧基(3-六氫吡啶 基))-異峭哚啉-1,3-二酮(艾克堤邁ΤΜ)。在特定的具體實施例 中,可以每天從大約5到大約25毫克的量,或另外以每隔一 天從大約10到大約50毫克的量,投予3-(4-胺基-1-氧基-1,3-二氫-異啕哚-2-基-六氫吡啶-2,6-二酮(瑞必邁™)。 在特定的具體實施例中,可對罹患復發性多發性骨髓瘤 的患者’以每天大約卜2或5毫克的量,投予4-(胺基)-2·(2,6-二氧基(3·六氫吡啶基))-異喵哚啉-1,3-二酮(艾克堤邁ΤΜ)。 在特定的具體實施例中,一開始可以5毫克/天的量,投予 Μ4-胺基-1-氧基-1,3-二氫-異啕哚-2-基)-六氫吡啶-2,6-二 嗣(瑞必邁™),並可每週升高劑量至10、20、25、30和50 毫克/天。在特定的具體實施例中,可以高達大約3〇毫克/ 天的量’對罹患固體腫瘤的患者投予瑞必邁τμ。在特定的 具體實施例中,可以高達大約40毫克/天的量,對罹患神經 膠質瘤的患者投予瑞必邁τμ。 在特定的具體實施例中,可以每天從大約〇1毫克到大約 1毫克的量’或每隔一天以從大約到大約5毫克的量,對 罹患有關於或其特徵在於不想要之血管生成作用之疾病或 病症的患者投予心(胺基)-2-(2,6·二氧基(3-六氫吡啶基))-異 89286 -53- 1308913 峭哚啉-1,3-二酮(艾克堤邁τΜ),該疾病或病症包括,但不限 於内毒素血症、中毒性休克徵候群、骨關節炎、逆轉錄病 毒複製、消痩、腦膜炎、矽土 -引起的纖維化、石綿-引起的 纖維化、獸醫的病症、與惡性有關的高血鈣症、猝發、循 環休克、牙周炎、齒齦炎、大紅血球性貧血、難醫治的貧 血和5q-徵候群。 在另一個特定的具體實施例中,可以每天從大約5到大約 25毫克的量,或每隔一天以從大約1〇到大約50毫克的量, 對罹患有關於或其特徵在於不想要之血管生成作用之疾病 或病症的患者投予3-(4-胺基-1-氧基-1,3-二氫-異峭哚-2-基-六氫吡啶-2,6-二酮(瑞必邁以),該疾病或病症包括,但不限 於内毒素血症、中毒性休克徵候群、骨關節炎、逆轉綠病 毒複製、消痩、腦膜炎、矽土 -引起的纖維化、石綿_引起的 纖維化、獸醫的病症、與惡性有關的高血鈣症、猝發、循 緣休克、牙周炎、齒錄炎、大紅血球性貧血、難醫治的貧 血和5q-徵候群。 5.3.1與第二個活性镏劍的纽合療法 本發明之特定方法包括與一或多種第二個活性製劑,及/ 或與輻射療法、輸血或手術一起,投予本發明之免疫調節 化合物,或其在藥學上可接受之鹽、媒合物、水合物、立 體異構體、籠形物或前藥。在本文中揭示了免疫調節化合 物的實例(參見,例如“節)。亦在本文中揭示了第二個: 性製劑的實例(參見,例如5.2節)。 可藉著相同或Μ的投藥路徑’同時或連續對患者投予 89286 • 54 * 1308913 免疫調節化合物和第二個活性製劑。適合特殊活性製劑使 用之特定投藥路徑,將視活性製劑本身(例如它是否可口服 投予而不會在進入血流之前分解),以及待治療之疾病而 定。本發明之免疫調節化合物的較佳投藥路徑是口服。本 發明之第二個活性製劑或成分的較佳投藥路徑是熟諳此藝 者已知的。參見,例如 Physician’s Desk Reference,1755-1760 (第 56版,2002)。 在本發明的一個具體實施例中,以靜脈内或皮下,每天 一或兩次’以從大約1到大約1000毫克,從大約5到大約500 毫克’從大約10到大約350毫克,或從大約50到大約200毫 克之劑量投予第二個活性製劑。第二個活性製劑的特定含 量’將視所使用之特定製劑、待治療或管控的疾病類型、 疾病的嚴重性或階段,以及本發明之免疫調節化合物和同 時投與患者之任何額外活性製劑的量而定。在特定的具體 實施例中,第二個活性製劑為奥比里森(根納三思®)、 GM-CSF、G-CSF、EPO、对癌易、依立替康、甲b秦咪峻胺、 反轉視黃酸(transretinoic acid)、拓撲太肯、己酮可可鹼 (pentoxifylline)、環丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)、地塞米松、長春 新鹼、阿黴素、COX-2抑制劑、IL2、IL8、IL18、IFN、Ara-C、 長春瑞賓或其組合。 在特定的具體實施例中,以4或6週之循環,在大約5天的 期間内,以從大約1到大約750毫克/平方米/天的量,較佳的 是從大約25到大約500毫克/平方米/天的量,更佳的是從大 約50到大約250毫克/平方米/天的量,而最佳的是從大約50 89286 •55· 1308913 到大約200毫克/平方米/天的量,皮下投予GM-CSF、G-CSF 或EPO。在某些具體實施例中,可在2小時内以從大約60到 大約500微克/平方米的量靜脈内’或從大約5到大約12微克/ 平方米/天的量皮下投予GM-CSF。在特定的具體實施例 中,一開始可以大約1微克/公斤/天的量皮下投予G-CSF, 並可視總粒性細胞計數的升高來調整。可以大約300(在較 小的患者中)或480微克的量皮下投予G-CSF的維持劑量。在 某些具體實施例中,可每週三次以10,000單位的量皮下投予 EPO。 在另一個具體實施例中,將大約25毫克/天含量的瑞必 邁…和大約從200到1,000毫克/平方米/天含量的甲嗪咪唑 胺投予罹患轉移性惡性黑色素瘤的患者。在特定的具體實 施例中,可將大約5到大約25毫克/天含量的瑞必邁TM投予罹 患轉移性惡性黑色素瘤的患者,他的疾病已經在使用甲嗪 咪吐胺、IL-2或IFN進行治療。在特定的具體實施例中,以 大約15毫克/天一天兩次或大約3〇毫克/天一天四次的量,與 地塞米松併用’將瑞必邁tm投予罹患復發或難醫治之多發 性骨髓瘤的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與苯丙胺酸 氣芬和地塞米松一起投予罹患澱粉樣變性的患者。在特定 的具體實施例中’可將本發明之免疫調節化合物與類固醇 投予罹患澱粉樣變性的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與吉西他濱 和順氯氣銷投予罹患局部晚期的或轉移之移行細胞膀胱癌 89286 •56· 1308913 的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與如下的第 二個活性成分一起投予:與替莫唑胺一起投予罹患復發或 進行性腦腫瘤或再發之神經胚細胞瘤的兒科患者;與希樂 葆、依托泊苷和環磷醯胺一起投予罹患復發或進行性CNS 癌症的患者;與替莫唑胺一起投予罹患再發或進行性腦膜 瘤、惡性腦膜瘤、血管外皮細胞肉瘤、多重腦轉移、復發 之腦腫瘤或最近診斷出之多形性神經膠質母細胞瘤的患 者;與依立替康一起投予罹患復發之神經膠質母細胞瘤的 患者;與卡銘一起投予罹患腦幹神經膠質瘤的兒科患者; 與丙卡巴肼一起投予罹患進行性惡性神經膠質瘤的兒科患 者;與環磷酿胺一起投予罹患預後不佳之惡性腦腫瘤、最 近診斷出之或再發之多形性神經膠質母細胞瘤的患者;與 格里德爾®—起治療高級再發的惡性神經膠質瘤;與替莫唑 胺和他莫昔芬一起治療退行發育的星形細胞瘤;或與拓撲 太肯一起治療神經膠質瘤、神經膠質母細胞瘤、退行發育 的星形細胞瘤或退行發育的寡樹突膠質瘤β 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與胺甲碟呤 和環磷醯胺投予罹患轉移性乳癌的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與替莫唑胺 投予罹患神經内分泌腫瘤的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與吉西他濱 投予罹患再發或轉移之頭或頸部癌症的患者。在另一個具 體實施例中’將免疫調節化合物與吉西他濱投予罹患胰臟 89286 •57- 1308913 癌的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與亞里沙®、 紫杉醇及/或剋癌易的組合投予罹患結腸癌的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與卡培他濱 投予罹患難醫治之結直腸癌的患者或第一線治療失敗或在 結腸或直腸腺癌中有不佳表現的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫詞節化合物與氟尿嘧 啶、甲醯四氫葉酸鈣和依立替康的組合投予罹患杜克氏 C & D結直腸癌的患者或先前已經針對轉移性結直腸癌進 行治療的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與卡培他 濱、截瘤達及/或CPT-11的組合投予罹患難醫治之結直腸癌 的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與卡培他濱 和依立替康投予罹患難醫治之結直腸癌的患者,或罹患不 可切除或轉移之結直腸癌的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物單獨或與干 擾素α或卡培他濱一起投予罹患不可切除或轉移之肝細胞 癌的患者;或與順氣氨鉑和嘧替哌一起投予罹患原發性或 轉移之肝癌的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與聚乙二醇 化之千擾素α—起投予罹患卡波西氏肉瘤的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與氟達拉 冷、卡銘及/或拓撲太肯一起投予罹患難醫治或復發或高風 89286 -58 · 1308913 險急性骨髓性白血病的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與微脂粒道 諾紅菌素、拓撲太肯及/或阿糖胞苷一起投予罹患不好的核 型急性骨髓性白血病的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與吉西他濱 和依立替康一起投予罹患非-小細胞性肺癌的患者。在一個 具體實施例中’將免疫調節化合物與卡鉑和依立替康一起 投予罹患非-小細胞性肺癌的患者《在一個具體實施例中, 將免疫調節化合物與多舍他昔投予罹患非-小細胞性肺癌 的患者’其先前已經利用碳/ VP 16和輕射療法治療過了。 在另一個具體實施例中’將免疫調節化合物與卡鉑及/或 剋癌易一起’或與卡鉑、紫杉醇及/或胸部輻射療法一起投 予罹患非-小細胞性肺癌的患者。在特定的具體實施例中, 將免疫調節化合物與剋癌易一起投予罹患ΙΠΒ或IV期非-小 細胞性肺癌的患者》 在另一個具體實施例中’將免疫調節化合物與奥比里森 (根納三思®) —起投予罹患小細胞性肺癌的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物單獨或與第 二個活性成分,如長春花鹼或氟達拉濱一起投予罹患各種 類型之淋巴瘤的患者,包括但不限於霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、非-霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、皮膚T-細胞淋巴瘤、皮膚B-細胞淋巴瘤、 彌漫性大B-細胞淋巴瘤’或復發或難醫治之低級滤泡性淋 巴瘤。 在另一個具體實施例中’將免疫調節化合物與剋癌易、 89286 -59· 1308913 IL-2、IFN、GM-CSF及/或甲嗪咪唑胺一起投予罹患各種類 型或階段之黑色素瘤的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物單獨或與長 春瑞賓一起投予罹患惡性間皮瘤,或有胸膜植入之1110期 非-小細胞性肺癌或惡性胸腔積液間皮瘤徵候群的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與地塞米 松、唑來磷酸、棕櫚佐酸鹽、GM-CSF、甲紅黴素、長春花 鹼、苯丙胺酸氮芥、白消安、環磷醯胺、IFN、帕米酸酯、 脫氫可的松、二磷酸鹽、希樂葆、三氧化二砷、PEG INTRON-A、長春新鹼,或其組合一起,投予羅患各種類型 或階段之多發性骨链瘤的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與阿黴素(多 希爾®)、長春新鹼及/或地塞米松(德卡龍®)—起投予罹患復 發或難醫治之多發性骨髓瘤的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與紫杉醇、 卡鉑、阿黴素、吉西他濱、順氯氨鉑、截瘤達、紫杉醇、 地塞米松或其組合一起投予罹患各種類型或階段之卵巢 癌’如腹腔癌、乳頭狀漿膜癌、難醫治的卵巢癌或再發之 卵巢癌的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與截瘤達、 5 FU/LV、吉西他濱、依立替康加吉西他濱、環磷醯胺、長 春新鹼、地塞米松、GM-CSF、希樂葆、剋癌易、更昔洛章、 紫杉醇、亞德里亞黴素、多舍他昔、雖莫司汀、安塞特或 其組合一起投予罹患各種類型或階段之前列腺癌的患者。 89286 -60· 1308913 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與卡培他 續、IFN、他莫昔芬、il-2、GM-CSF、希樂樣(celebrex)®或 其组合一起投予罹患各種類型或階段之腎細胞癌的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與IFN、 COX-2抑制劑,如希樂葆⑧及/或舒林酸一起投予罹患各種類 型或階段之婦科、子宮或軟組織肉瘤癌的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與希樂葆、 依托泊苷、環磷醯胺、多舍他昔、卡培他濱、IFN、他莫昔 务、IL-2、GM-CSF或其組合一起投予罹患各種類型或階段 之固體腫瘤的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與希樂葆、 依托泊誓、環磷酿胺、多舍他昔、卡培他濱、、他莫昔 芬、Π-2、GM-CSF或其組合一起投予罹患硬皮病或皮膚脈 管炎的患者。 本發明亦包括增加抗·癌症藥物或製劑之劑量的方法,可 將其安全且有效地投予患者,該方法包括對患者(例如人類) 投予本發明之免疫調節化合物,或其在藥學上可接受的衍 生物、鹽、媒合物、籠形物、水合物或前藥,可得益於該 方法的患者,是可能因與用來治療皮膚、皮下組織、淋巴 結、职、肺臟、肝臟、骨絡、小腸、結腸、心臟、膝臟、 腎上腺、腎臟、前列腺、乳房、結直腸之特定癌症,或其 組合的抗·癌症藥物有關之有害影響受苦的那些^投予本發 明之免疫調節化合物,改善或降低具有這類嚴重性的有害 影響,其將另行限制抗-癌症藥物的量。 89286 •61 · 1308913 在一個具體實施例中,可在發生與對患者投予抗_癌症藥 物有關的有害影響之前、期間或之後,口服並以從大約〇 ι 到太約150毫克,較佳的是從大約i到大約5〇毫克,更佳的 是從大約2到大約25毫克的量,每天投予本發明之免疫調節 化合物。在特定的具體實施例中,可將本發明之免疫調節 化合物與特定之製劑,如肝素、阿斯匹靈、香豆素或g_csf _起投予,避免與抗·癌症藥物有關的有害影響,如嗜中性 白血球減少症或血小板減少症,但不限於此。 在一個具體實施例中,可將本發明之免疫調節化合物與 額外的活性成分,包括但不限於抗·癌症藥物、消炎藥、抗 組織胺、抗生素和類固醇一起投予罹患有關於或其特徵在 於不想要之血管生成作用的疾病或病症的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,本發明包括治療、預防及/或管 控癌症的方法,包括投予本發明之免疫調節化合物,或其 在藥學上可接受之鹽、媒合物、水合物、立體異構體、籠 形物或前藥’連同(例如之前、期間或之後)目前用來治療、 預防或管控癌症之傳統療法,包括但不限於手術、免疫療 法生物學療法、輕射療法或其他以非-藥物為基礎的療 法。本發明之免疫調節化合物和傳統療法的混合使用,可 提供獨特的治療攝生法,其在某些患者中是意外有效的。 不丈理論的限制,咸相信本發明之免疫調節化合物,當與 傳統療法同時給予時,可提供附加或協同的效果。 在另一個具體實施例中,本發明包括治療、預防及/或管 控有il於或其特徵在於不想要之血管生成作用的疾病或·病 89286 -62- 1308913 症的方法’包括投予免疫調節化合物或其在藥學上可接 躁、«juu 、-、跺口物、水合物、立體異構體、籠形物或前藥, 連同(例如之前、期間或之後)目前用來治療、預防或管控有 或其特徵在於不想要之血管生成作用的疾病或病症之 傳-充療决包括但不限於手術、免疫療法、生物學療法、 輻射療法或其他以非·藥物為基礎的療法 β使用免疫調節化 合物和傳統療法的組合,可提供獨特的治療攝生法,其在 某些患者中是意外有效的。不受理論的限制,咸相信免疫 調即化合物,當與傳統療法同時給予時,可提供附加或協 同的效果。 如同在本文中他處討論的,本發明包括降低、治療及/或 預防與傳統治療有關的有害或不想要之影響的方法,該傳 統治療包括但不限於手術、化學療法、輻射療法、荷爾蒙 療法、生物學療法和免疫療法。可在發生與傳統療法有關 的有害影響之前、期間或之後,將一或多種本發明的免疫 調節化合物和其他活性成分投予患者。 在一個具體實施例中,可在使用傳統療法之前、期間或 之後,以從大約0.1到大約150毫克,而較佳的是從大約1到 大約25毫克’更佳的是從大約2到大約1 〇毫克的量,口服並 每天單獨投予本發明之免疫調節化合物,或與在本文中揭 示的第二個活性製劑(參見,例如5.2節)一起投予。 在滅方法的特定具體實施例中’將本發明之免疫調節化 合物與多舍他昔投予罹患非-小細胞性肺癌的患者,其先前 已經利用碳/VP 16和輻射療法治療過了。 89286 -63 - 1308913 5。3·2遵·移棺療法併用 可使用本發明之化合物降低移植對宿主疾病(gvhd)的 風險。因此,本發明包括治療、預防及/或管控癌症的方法, 其包括連同移植療法―起投予本發明之免疫調節化合物, 或其在藥學上可接受之鹽、媒合物、水合物、立體異構體、 籠形物或前藥。 如同熟諳此藝者知曉的那些,癌症的治療通常是以該疾 病之階段和機制為基礎。例如,在癌症的某些階段中,不 可避免地發展出白血病的轉化’可能需要周園血液幹細 胞、造血幹細胞製備物或骨髓的移植β本發明之免疫調節 化合物與移植療法的混合使用,提供了獨特和意外的協同 作用。特定而言,本發明之免疫調節化合物顯示出,當與 移植療法同時給予罹患癌症的患者時,可提供附加或協同 效果的免疫調節活性。 本發明之免疫調節化合物,可與移植療法一起工作,降 低與移植之侵入性程序有關的併發症以及GVHD的風險《本 發明包括治療、預防及/或管控癌症的方法,包括在移植臍 帶血、胎盤血、周圍血液幹細胞、造血幹細胞製備物或骨 髓之前、期間或之後,對患者(例如人類)投予本發明之免疫 碉節化合物,或其在藥學上可接受之鹽、媒合物、水合物、 立體異構體、籠形物或前藥。在R. Hariri等人2003年4月11 母申請之美國專利申請案第10/411,655號中揭示了適合用 在本發明方法中之幹細胞的實例,全部以引用的方式併入 本文中。 89286 -64- 1308913 在另一個具體實施例中,本發明包括治療、預防及/或管 控有關於或其特徵在於不想要之血管生成作用之疾病和病 症的方法’其包括在移植臍帶血、胎盤血、周圍血液幹細 胞、造血幹細胞製備物或骨髓之前、期間或之後,對患者(例 如人類)投予免疫調節化合物,或其在藥學上可接受之鹽、 媒合物、水合物、立體異構體、籠形物或前藥。 在該方法的一個具體實施例中,在移植自體的周園血液 親代細胞之前、期間或之後,將本發明之免疫調節化合物 投予罹患多發性骨髓瘤的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,在移植幹細胞之後,將免疫調 節化合物投予罹患復發之多發性骨髓瘤的患者。 在另一個具體實施例中,在移植自體幹細胞之後,將免 疫調節化合物與脫氫可的松投予罹患多發性骨髓瘤的患 者,作為維持療法。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與地塞米松 投予罹患多發性骨髓瘤的患者,作為低風險移植後的搶救 療法。 在另一個具體實施例中,在移植自體骨髓之後,將免疫 調節化合物與地塞米松投予罹患多發性骨髓瘤的患者,作 為維持療法。 在另一個具體實施例中,在投予高劑量苯丙胺酸氮芥並 移植自體幹細胞之後,將免疫調節化合物投予罹患化學療 法敏感性之多發性骨髓瘤的患者β 在另一個具體實施例中,在移植自體CD34-選擇之周圍幹 89286 • 65- 1308913 細胞之後’將免疫調節化合物與PEG INTRO-Α投予羅患多 發性骨髓瘤的患者,作為維持療法。 在另一個具體實施例中,將免疫調節化合物與移植後的 強化化療一起投予罹患新近診斷出之多發性骨髓瘤的患 者,以便評估抗-灰管生成作用。 在另一個具體實施例中,在DCEP強化之後,接著以高劑 量苯丙胺酸氮芥治療,並移植周圍血液幹細胞,將免疫調 節化合物與地塞米松投予65歲或更老的罹患多發性骨髓瘤 的患者,作為維持療法。 5.3.3週期癡法 在某些具體實施例中,週期性地將本發明之預防或治療 劑投予患者。週期療法涉及定期投予活性製劑,接著休息 一段時間’再重複該連續投藥。週期療法可降低對一或多 種療法發展出抵抗力,避免或降低療法之一的副作用,並/ 或改善治療的效力。 因此,在本發明一個特定的具體實施例中,以4至6週之 週期,每天以單-量投予本發明之免疫調節化 »物,再休息大約1或2週。本發明更進一步容許增加投藥 週期的頻率、次數和長度。因此,本發明其他特定的具體 實施例包括以比通常在單獨投予其時之週期更多的週期, ^予本發明之免疫調節化合物。在本發明另—個特定的具 體實施例中’包括以較多次數的週期,投予本發明之免疫 調節化合物,其通常在未投予第二個活性成分的患者中引 起劑量-限制之毒性。 89286 -66· 1308913 在一個具體實施例中,以從大約0.1到大約15〇亳克/天的 劑量’每天投予本發明之免疫調節化合物,持續3或4週, 接著休息1或2週。最好以0.1至5毫克/天之起始劑量(每週) 升高1至10毫克/天,只要能容忍該療法,可達到5〇毫克/天 之最大劑量,每天持續投予艾克堤邁TN^在特定的具體實 施例中,以大約5、10或25毫克/天的量,最好以大約1〇毫克 /天的量投予瑞必邁TM,持續3至4週,接著在4或δ週的週期 中休息1或2週。 在本發明的一個具體實施例中,口服投予本發明之免疫 調節化合物和第二個活性成分,其中在4至6週的週期内, 在第二個活性成分之前30至60分鐘,進行本發明之免疫調 節化合物的投藥。在本發明的另一個具體實施例中,可經 由靜脈内輸液,每個週期在大約9〇分鐘内,投予本發明之 免疫調即化合物與第二個活性成分的組合。在特定的具體 實施例中’一個週期包括每天投予從大約1〇到大約2S毫克/ 天的瑞必邁1^,和從大約5〇到大約2〇〇毫克/平方米/天的第 二個活性成分,持續3至4週,然後休息1或2週。在另一個 特定的具體實施例中,每個週期包括每天投予從大約5到大 約10毫克/天的艾克堤邁tm,和從大約5〇到大約2〇〇毫克/平 方米/天的第二個活性成分,持續3至4週,然後休息1或2週。 通常’在對患者投予综合治療之期間的週期次數,將是從 大約1到大約24個週期,較具代表性的是從大約2到大約16 個週期’而更具代表性的是從大約4到大約3個週期。 5·4 合物 89286 •67- 1308913 ,可使用醫藥組合 包括本發明之免疫 在製備個別、單一的單位劑量形式時 物。本發明之醫藥組合物和劑量形式, 調節化合物,或其在藥學上可接受之鹽、媒合物、水合物、 立體異構體、蘢形物或前藥L月之醫藥組合物和劑量 形式可進一步包括一或多個賦形劑。 本發明之醫藥组合物和劑量形式,亦可包括一或多個額 外的活性成分。因此’本發明之醫藥組合物和劑量形式包 括在本又中揭示之活性成分(例如免疫調節化合物和第二 個活性製劑在本文中揭* 了任意的第二個或額外之活性 成分的實例(參見,例如5·2節)。 本發明之單一單位劑量形式適合口服、經黏膜(例如經 鼻、舌下、經陰道、經頰或經直腸)、非經腸(例如皮下、靜 脈内、團塊注射、肌肉内或動脈内)、局部(例如眼藥水或其 他的眼科製備物)、經皮膚或經皮投藥給患者。劑量形式之 實例’包括但不限於.鍵劑;膜衣錠(eaplets);膠囊,如軟 而有彈性的明膠膠囊;豆狀膠囊;糖錠;菱形藥片;分散 體;栓劑;散劑;氣溶膠(例如鼻噴霧或吸入器);凝膠;適 合口服或經黏膜投予患者的液體劑量形式,包括懸浮液(例 如含水或不含水的液體懸浮液、水包油乳劑或油包水的液 體乳劑)、溶液和酏劑;適合非經腸投予患者的液體劑量形 式;適合局部投藥的眼藥水或其他眼科製備物;以及可重 建的無菌固體(例如結晶或非晶形的固體),以便提供患者適 合非經腸投藥的液體劑量形式。 本發明之劑量形式的組合、形狀和類型,通常將視其用 89286 • 68. 1308913 途而改變。例如,在疾病之急性治療中使用的劑量形式, 可含有比在相同疾病之慢性治療中所使用的劑量形式更大 量的一或多個其所包括之活性成分。同樣的,非經腸的劑 量形式,可含有比在治療相同疾病所使用之口服劑量形式 更少量的一或多個其所包括之活性成分。熟諳此藝者將迅 速知曉其中由本發明所包含之特定劑量形式彼此變化的這 些及其他方法。參見’例如Remingt〇n’s pharmaceuticai
Sciences,第 18版,Mack Publishing, Easton PA (1990)。 代表性的醫藥組合物和劑量形式,包括一或多種賦形 劑。適合的賦形劑為熟諳製藥技藝者已熟知的,並在本文 中it供適當賦形劑的非限制性實例。特定的賦形劑是否適 合併入醫藥組合物或劑量形式中,將依據此項技藝中已熟 知的各種因素,包括但不限於將該劑量形式投予患者的方 式。例如,口服劑量形式,如錠劑,可含有不適用於非經 腸之劑量形式的賦形劑。特殊賦形劑的合適性,亦可視在 劑!形式中的特疋活性成分而定。例如,可藉著一些賦形 劑,如乳糖,或當與水接觸時,加速某些活性成分的分解。 包括級或二級胺的活性成分,特別容易感受這類經過加 速的分解。因此,本發明所包括之醫藥組合物和劑量形式, 其含有極少的,若有的話,乳糖以外的單-或雙-醣《當在本 又中使用時,“不含乳糖,,一詞意指乳糖出現的量,若有的 話,實質上不足以增加活性成分的降解速率。 ,本發明之不含乳糖的組合物可包括此項技藝中已熟知, 並在例如 U.s. Pharmacopeia (IJSP) 25-NF20 (2002)中列舉的 89286 -69- 1308913 賦形劑。通常,不含乳糖的組合物包括在藥學上可相容且 在藥學上可接受之含量的活性成分、黏合劑/填料和潤滑 劑。較佳的不含乳糖的劑量形式包括活性成分、微晶纖維 素、預先·膠化的澱粉和硬脂酸鎂。 本發明更進一步包括無水的醫藥组合物和劑量形式,其 包括活性成分,因為水可能有助於一些化合物的降解。例 如’在藥學技藝上已經廣泛接受水(例如5%)的加入,可作 為模擬長期儲存以便判定特徵的方法,如調配物在一段時 間内的儲存壽命或穩定性。參見’例如jens τ. Carstensen,
Drug Stability: Principles & Practice,第 2版,Marcel Dekker, NY, NY,1995,第379-80頁。事實上,水和熱加速了 一些化 合物的降解。因此’水對調配物的影響可能有相當大的重 要性’因為經常在調配物的製造、操作、包裝、儲存、運 送和使用期間’遇到濕氣及/或濕度。 可使用無水或低含水量的成分,以及低濕度或低濕氣的 條件,來製備本發明之無水的醫藥組合物和劑量形式。若 預期在製造、包裝及/或儲存期間會實際接觸到濕氣及/或濕 度,則包括乳糖及至少—種包括一級或二級胺之活性成分 的醫藥組合物和劑量形式,最好是無水的。 應該製備和儲存無水的醫藥組合物,使其得以維持無水 的性質。因此,最好是使用已知可防止與可能在適當正規 套組中所含有的水接觸之材料,來包裝無水的組合物。適 當包裝的實例包括’但不限於密封的薄片、塑料、單位劑 量容器(例如小瓶)、起泡包裝和長條包裝。 89286 •70· 1308913 本發明更進-步包括醫藥組合物和劑量形式,其包括一 或多個降低活性成分之分解速率的化合物。這類化合物, 在本文中稱為“穩定劑”,包括但不限純氧化劑,如抗壞 血酸、pH值緩衝劑或鹽緩衝劑。 像賦形㈣量和帛型―冑,在齊j量形 < 中之活性成分的 量和特定類型,可依據如投予患者之路徑,但不限於此的 因素而有所不同。然而,本發明之代表性劑量形式包括含 量從大約0.10到大約150毫克的本發明之免疫調節化合物, 或其在藥學上可接受之鹽、媒合物、水合物、立體異構物、 籠形物或前藥。代表性的劑量形式包括含量為大約〇1、j、 2、5、7.5、10、12.5、15、17.5、20、25、50、100、150 或200毫克的本發明之免疫調節化合物,或其在藥學上可接 受之鹽、媒合物、水合物、立體異構物、籠形物或前藥。 在特定的具體實施例中,較佳的劑量形式包括含量為大約 卜2、5、10、25或50毫克的4-(胺基)-2-(2,6-二氧基(3-六氫 吡啶基))-異啕哚啉-1,3-二酮(艾克提邁TM)。在特定的具體實 施例中,較佳的劑量形式包括含量為大約5、10、25或50毫 克的3-(4-胺基-1·氧基-1,3-二氫-異吲哚-2-基)-六氫吡啶-2,6-二酮(瑞必邁™) 〇代表性的劑量形式以1到大約1000毫 克,從大約5到大約500毫克,從大約10到大約350毫克,或 從大約50到大約200毫克的量,包含第二個活性成分。當 然,抗-癌藥物的特定含量,將依據所使用的特定製劑、待 治療或管控的癌症類型,以及本發明之免疫調節化合物和 同時投予患者之任何任意額外活性製劑的量。 89286 -71· !3〇89l3 5.4.1 口服劑詈报< 適合口服投藥的本發明之醫藥組合物,可以分開的劑量 形式存在,如錠劑(例如可嚼的錠劑)、膜衣錠、膠囊和液體 (例如調味糖漿),但不限於此。這類劑量形式含有預定量的 活性成分,並可藉著熟諳此藝者已熟知的製藥方法來製 備。通常參見 Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第 18版, Mack Publishing,Easton PA (1990)。 根據傳統的藥理學調配技術,藉著將活性成分與至少一 種職形劑在、切混合,製備本發明之代表性的口服劑量形 式。賦形劑可採用各種形式,視希望用以投藥之製備物的 形式而定》例如,適合用在口服液體或氣溶膠劑量形式中 的賦形劑,包括但不限於水、乙二醇類、油類、醇類、調 味劑、防腐劑和著色劑。適合用在固體口服劑量形式(例如 散劑、錠劑、膠囊和膜衣錠)中之賦形劑的實例,包括但不 限於澱粉類、糖類、微晶纖維素、稀釋劑、粒化劑、潤滑 劑、黏合劑和崩解劑。 因為它們容易投藥,故錠劑和膠囊代表最有利的口服劑 量單位形式,在這些案例中可使用固體賦形劑。若需要, 可藉著標準含水或不含水的技術來塗覆錠劑。可藉著任何 製藥方法來製備這類劑量形式。一般而言,可藉著均—且 彼切地混合活性成分與液體載劑、細分好的固體載劑或兩 者’然後若需要再將產物塑造成想要的樣子,來製備醫藥 組合物和劑量形式。 例如’可藉著壓緊或模塑來製備錠劑。可藉著在適當的 89286 •72- 1308913 機器中,壓緊自由-流動形式,如散劑或顆粒狀的活性成 分,其可视需要與賦形劑混合,來製備壓緊的錠劑。可藉 著在適當的機器上塑造以惰性液體稀釋劑弄濕之散劑狀化 合物的混合物,來製造模塑的錠劑。 可用在本發明之口服劑量形式中的賦形劑之實例,包括 但不限於黏合劑、填料、崩解劑和潤滑劑。適合用在醫藥 組合物和劑量形式中的黏合劑,包括但不限於玉米澱粉、 馬鈴薯澱粉或其他澱粉類、明膠、天然及合成的樹膠,如 阿拉伯樹膠、藻酸鈉、藻酸、其他的藻酸酯、散劑狀的黃 蓍膠、瓜耳樹膠、纖維素及其衍生物(例如乙基纖維素、乙 酸纖維素、羧甲基纖維素、纖維素鈣、羧曱基纖維素鈉)、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甲基纖維素、預先_膠化的澱粉、幾丙基 甲基纖維素(例如2208、2906、2910號)、微晶纖維素及其混 合物。 適當形式的微晶纖維素包括,但不限於以AVICEL-PH-101、 AVICEL-PH-103、AVICEL RC-581、AVICEL-PH-105之名販 售的物質(獲自 FMC Corporation, American Viscose Division, Avicel Sales,Marcus Hook,PA)及其混合物》特定的黏合劑 是以AVICEL RC-581之名販售的微晶纖維素與羧甲基纖維 素鈉的混合物。適當的無水或低濕度賦形劑或添加物包括 AVICEL-PH-103TM和澱粉 15〇〇 LM。 適合用在在本文中揭示之醫藥組合物和劑量形式中的填 料之實例,包括但不限於滑石、碳酸鈣(例如顆粒或散劑)、 微晶纖維素、散劑狀的纖維素、葡聚糖酸酯(dextrates)、高 -73· 89286 1308913 嶺土、甘露糖醇、矽酸、山梨糖醇、澱粉、預先膠化的澱 粉及其混合物。在本發明之醫藥組合物中的黏合劑或填 料,通常以從約50到大約99重量%的該醫藥組合物或劑量形 式存在。 在本發明之組合物中使用崩解劑,使錠劑在暴露於含水 環境時分解。含有太多崩解劑的錠劑,可能在儲存時分解, 而含有太少崩解劑的那些,可能不會以想要的速率或在想 要的條件下分解。因此,應該使用不太多也不太少以致於 有害的足量崩解劑,改變活性成分的釋放,形成本發明的 固體口服劑量形式》所使用之崩解劑的量,將依據調配物 的類型而改變,並為熟諳此藝者可輕易辨別的。代表性的 醫藥組合物包括從大約0.5到大約15重量%的崩解劑,最好 是從大約1到大約5重量%的崩解劑。 可用在本發明之醫藥組合物和劑量形式中的崩解劑,包 括但不限於瓊脂-瓊脂、藻酸、碳酸鈣、微晶纖維素、交聯 幾甲基纖維素鈉、克洛帕維酮 '陽離子交換樹脂、甘醇酸 澱粉麵、馬铃薯或木薯澱粉、其他的澱粉類、預先_膠化的 搬粉、其他的澱粉類、黏土、其他的藻酸胺、其他的纖維 素、樹膠及其混合物。 可用在本發明之醫藥組合物和劑量形式中的潤滑劑,包 括但不限於硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鎂、礦物油、輕礦物油、甘 油、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、聚乙二醇、其他的乙二醇類、 硬脂酸、十二烷基硫酸鈉、滑石、氫化的植物油(例如花生 油、棉子油、向日葵油、芝麻油、橄欖油、玉米油和大豆 89286 •74- 1308913 油)、硬脂酸鋅、油酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、瓊脂及其混合物。 額外的潤滑劑包括,例如Syloid矽膠(AEROSIL200,由评卫· Grace Co. of Baltimore,MD製造)、合成矽土的凝固氣溶膠 (由 DegUssa Co· 0f Piano, τχ上市)、CAB_〇_sil(一種由 Cab〇t Co· of Boston, ΜΑ販售之熱解的二氧化矽產物)及其混合 物。若要使用,通常以低於大約i重量。/。之醫藥組合物或劑 量形式的量併入,使用該潤滑劑。 本發明較佳的固體口服劑量形式,包括本發明之免疫調 節化合物、無水的乳糖、微晶纖維素、聚乙缔吡咯烷酮、 硬脂酸、膠體的無水矽土和明膠。 5-4.2延遲釋放乏劑哥形者 可藉著熟謂此藝者已熟知的控制釋放工具或藉著遞送裝 置’投予本發明之活性製劑。實例包括,但不限於在美國 專利第 3,845,770號、3,916,899號、3,536,809號、3,598,123 號;以及4,008,719號、5,674,533號、5,059,595號、5,591,767 號、5,120,548號、5,073,543號、5,639,476號、5,354,556號 和5,733,566號中揭示的那些,分別以引用的方式併入本文 中。可使用這類劑量形式,提供所使用之一或多個活性成 分的緩慢或經控制·釋放,例如氫丙基干基纖維素、其他的 聚合物基質、凝膠、可通透的膜、滲透系統、多層塗料、 微顆粒、微脂粒、中心體或其詛合,提供按各種比例的想 要釋放輪廓。熟諳此藝者已知適當的經控制-釋放之調配 物,包括在本文中描述的那些,並可輕易地選擇適合本發 明之活性成分使用的《因此,本發明包括適合口服投藥的 89286 -75· 1308913 單一單位劑量形式,如錠劑、膠囊、膠囊錠(gelcaps)和膜衣 錠,但不限於此,將其改造成經控制_釋放的^ 所有經控制-釋放的藥學產物均具有改善藥物治療勝過 其未經控制之相同物所能達到的共同目標。理想上,使用 在醫學治療中最佳設計之經控制_釋放的製備物,其特徵在 於將欲使用之藥物本體減至最少,以便以最少的時間治癒 或控制病況》經控制·釋放之調配物的優點,包括藥物的延 長活性、降低給藥頻率,並增加患者的順從。此外,可使 用經控制-釋放的調配物,對作用發生的時間或其他特徵產 生影響,如藥物的血液含量,並因此可影響副(例如有害) 作用的發生。 將大多數的經控制-釋放調配物設計成一開始釋放便迅 速產生t要之/σ療效果的藥物(活性成分)量’並逐漸且持續 地釋放其他量的藥物,在延長的時間内維持該程度的治療 或預防效果。為了在體内維持藥物的不變含量,必須以將 代替欲從體内代謝和排泄之藥物量的速率,從劑量形式中 釋放出藥物。可藉著各種條件刺激活性成分的控制·釋放, 包括但不限於pH值、溫度、酵素、水或其他生理學條件或 化合物。 5.4.3非經脹劑孴形式. 可藉著各種路徑投予非經腸劑量形式,包括但不限於皮 下、靜脈内(包括團塊注射)、肌肉内和動脈内。因為它們的 投藥通常要繞過患者對抗污染物的天然防禦,所以非經腸 劑量形式最好是無菌的或能夠在投予患者之前滅菌。非經 89286 -76- 1308913 腸J量形式的實例包括,但不限於準備好供注射用的溶 液、準備好欲溶解或懸浮於在藥學上可接受之注射媒劑中 的乾燥產物、準備好供注射㈣懸浮液和乳劑。 可用來提供本發明之非經腸劑量形式的適#媒劑為熟讀 此藝者已知的。實例包括但不限於:注射用水usp;含水媒 劑,如氣化鈉注射液、林格氏注射液、右旋糖注射液、右 旋糖和氣化鈉注射液以及乳酸林格氏注射液,但不限於 此;水-混溶媒劑,如乙醇、聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇,但不限 於此,以及不-含水媒劑,如玉米油、棉子油、花生油、芝 麻油、油酸乙酯、肉苴蔻酸異丙酯和苯甲酸芊酯,但不限 於此* 亦可將增加在本文中揭示之一或多個活性成分之溶解度 的化合物併入本發明之非經腸劑量形式中。例如,可使用 環糊精及其衍生物來增加本發明之免疫調節化合物及其衍 生物的溶解度。參見,例如美國專利第5,134,127號,以引 用的方式併入本文中。 5.4.4局部和黏膜劍哥飛g 本發明之局部和黏膜劑量形式包括,但不限於喷霧劑、 氣溶膠、溶液、乳劑、懸浮液、眼藥水或其他眼科製備物, 或其他熟請此藝者已知的形式。參見,例如Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第 16 和 18 版,Mack Publishing, Easton PA (1980 & 1990);以及introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,第 4版,Lea & Febiger,Philadephia (1985)。可 以漱口水或以口腔凝膠的形式,調配適合治療在口腔内之 89286 -77- 1308913 黏膜組織的劑量形式。 可用來提供本發明所包括之局部和黏膜劑量形式的適當 賦形劑(例如載劑和稀釋劑)及其他材料,為熟諳藥學技藝= 已熟知的,並視將施用特定藥學組合物或劑量形式的特殊 組織而定。鑑於該事實,代表性的賦形劑包括但不限於水、 丙酮、乙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁烷·u二醇、肉苴蔻酸 異丙醇、標櫚酸異㈣、仙油及其混合物,形成溶液、 乳劑或凝膠,其為無·毒性且在藥學上可接受的。若需要, 亦可將濕化劑或濕潤劑加至醫藥組合物和劑量形式中。這 類額外成分的實例為此項技藝中已熟知的。參見,例如 Remington’s Pharmaceutical Seiences,第 16和18版, Publishing, Easton PA (1980 & 199〇) 〇 亦可調整醫藥組合物或劑量形式的?11值,改善一或多個 活性成分的遞送》同樣地,亦可調整溶劑载劑的極性、其 離子強度或張力,以便改善遞送。亦可在醫藥組合物或劑 量形式中加入諸如硬脂酸鹽之類的化合物,有利地改變一 或多個活性成分的親水性或厭水性,而得以改善遞送。關 於這一點,硬脂酸鹽可作為調配物的脂質媒劑,作為乳化 劑或界面活性劑,並作為促進遞送或促進穿透的製劑。可 使用活性成分的不同鹽類、水合物或媒合物,進一步調整 所得组合物的特性。 5.4.5套組 通常,最好不要在相同的時間或藉著相同的投藥途徑, 將本發明之活性成分投予患者β因此,本發明包括套組, 89286 -78· 1308913 當由醫師使用時,可簡化對患者投予適當量之活性成分的 過程。 本發明代表性的套組,包括本發明之免疫調節化合物, 或其在藥學上可接觉之鹽、媒合物、水合物、立體異構物、 前藥或籠形物的劑量形式。本發明所包括之套組,可進一 步包括額外的活性成分,如奥比里森(根納三思®)、苯丙胺 酸氮芥、G-CSF、GM-CSF、EPO、拓撲太肯、甲嗪咪唑胺、 依立替康、剋癌易、IFN、COX-2抑制劑、己酮可可鹼、環 丙沙星、地塞米松、IL2、IL8' IL18、Ara-C、長春瑞賓、 維生素A酸(isotretinoin)、13順-視黃酸,或其在藥理學上有 活性的突變種或衍生物或其組合。額外之活性成分的實 例,包括但不限於在本文中揭示的那些(參見,例如5.2節)。 本發明之套組可進一步包括用來投予活性成分的裝置。 這類裝置的實例,包括但不限於注射筒、點滴袋、貼片和 吸入器。 本發明之套組亦可進一步包括移植用的細胞或血液,以 及可用來投予一或多個活性成分之在藥學上可接受的媒 劑例如’若以固體形式提供活性成分,其必須為了非經 腸投藥而重建,則該套組可包括適當媒劑的密封容器,可 將活性成分溶解於其中,形成適合非經腸投藥的無顆粒之 揲菌溶液。在藥學上可接受之媒劑的實例,包括但不限於: 压射用水USP;含水媒劑,如氯化鈉注射液、林格氏注射液、 右旋糖注射液、右旋糖和氯化鈉注射液以及乳酸林格氏注 射液’但不限於此;水-混溶媒劑,如乙醇、聚乙二醇和聚 89286 •79- 1308913 丙二醇’但不限於此;以及不-含水媒劑,如玉米油、棉子 油、花生油、芝麻油、油酸乙酯、肉苴蔻酸異丙酯和苯甲 酸苄酯’但不限於此。 6.實例 藉著下列的非-限制性實例解釋本發明的某些具體實施 例0 6·1 Μ胞音產劁的詷笳 已經進行一連串非-臨床的藥理學和毒物學研究,支持本 發明之免疫調節化合物在人類個體中的臨床評估。除非另 行提出’根據國際公認關於研究設計的指導方針,並遵從 GoodLaboratory Practice (GLP)的需求’進行這些研究 0 在活體外調查藉由4-(胺基)-2-(2,6 -二氧基(3 -六氫ρ比唉 基))-異吲哚啉-1,3-二酮(艾克堤邁ΤΜ)、3-(4·胺基-1-氧基· 1,3-二氫-異啕嗓-2-基)-六氫峨遗-2,6-二酮和沙利度胺(瑞必 邁™),在人類PBMC和人類全血的LPS-刺激之後,對TNF-a 產製的抑制作用(Muller 等人,Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9:1625-1630,1999)。4-(胺基)-2-(2,6-二氧基(3-六氫吡啶 基))-異啕哚啉-1,3-二酮,在PBMC和人類全血的LPS-刺激之 後,抑制丁仰-〇1產製的1(:5〇,分別為大約24111^(6.55毫微克 /毫升)和大約25 nM (6.83毫微克/毫升)。在活體外的研究暗 示4-(胺基)-2-(2,6-二氧基(3-六氫ρ比淀基))_異μ丨嗓琳-1,3-二 銅的藥理學活性輪廓類似沙利度胺,但比它更有效至少200 倍。在活體外的研究亦證實濃度2.73至27.3毫微克/毫升 (0.01至0.1 μΜ)的4-(胺基)-2-(2,6-二氧基(3-六氫吡啶基))- 89286 -80- 1308913 異吲哚啉-1,3-二酮,達到MM.1S和Hs Sultan細胞增殖的50% 抑制。 3-(4-胺基-1-氧基-1,3-二氯-異卜朵-2-基)-六氫〃比淀·2,6· 二酮,在PBMC和人類全血的LPS-刺激之後,抑制TNF-α產 製的IC5〇,分別為大約100 nM (25.9毫微克/毫升)和大約480 ηΜ(103·6毫微克/毫升)》相反的,沙利度胺在PBMC的LPS-刺激之後,對於抑制TNF-a之產製具有大約194 μΜ的IC50 (50.2微克/毫升)。在活體外的研究暗示3-(4-胺基-l-氧基-1,3-二氫··異丨嘴-2-基)-六氫u比咬-2,6-二銅的藥理學活性輪 廓類似沙利度胺,但比它更有效50至2000倍。已經顯示該 化合物在藉著T-細胞受體(TCR)激活作用的最初謗導之 後,在刺激T-細胞增殖方面,比沙利度胺更有效大約50-100 倍。3-(4-胺基-1-乳基-1,3·二氣-異》^丨嗓-2-基)-六氮比淀-2,6-二酮在PMBC (IL-2)或T·細胞(INF-γ)的TCR激活作用之後, 在增加IL-2和IFN-γ產製方面,亦比沙利度胺更有效大約50 至100倍》此外,3-(4-胺基-1_氧基-1,3-二氫-異吲哚-2-基)· 六氫吡啶-2,6-二酮亦對藉著PMBC的LPS-刺激之前癌症細 胞素TNF-a、IL-Ιβ和IL-6的產製,顯示出劑量-依賴性之抑 制作用,同時其增加消炎之細胞素IL-10的產製。 6.2 MM細胞增殖的抽制作用 在活體外的研究中,比較3-(4-胺基-1-氧基-1,3-二氫-異Θ丨 p朵-2-基)-六氫p比咬-2,6-二酮(瑞必邁TM)和沙利度胺影響MM 細胞株增殖的能力e測量由不同MM細胞株(MM. 1S、Hs Sultan、U266和RPMI-8226)攝取的[3H]-胸腺核甞,作為細胞 89286 • 81 · 1308913 增殖的指標。在化合物的存在下培養細胞48小時;在培養 期間的最後8小時,納入[3H]-胸腺核苷。將3-(4-胺基-1-氧 基-1,3-二氫-異吲哚-2-基)-六氫吡啶_2,6_二酮加至MM.1S和 Hs Sultan細胞中,分別在〇·4 μιη和1 μιη之濃度下,產生細 胞增殖之50%抑制的結果》相反的,以高達1〇〇 μιη之濃度加 入沙利度胺’分別在ΜΜ· 1S和Hu Sultan細胞中僅產生細胞 增殖之15%和20%抑制的結果。在圖1中概述這些結果。 6.3喜物皋研究 在被麻醉的狗中,調查3-(4-胺基-1-氧基_ι,3-二氫-異吲 哚-2-基)·六氫吡啶-2,6-二酮(瑞必邁tm)對心血管和呼吸功 能的影響。使用兩組小獵犬(2隻/性別/組卜一組僅接受3個 劑量的媒劑,而另一組接受三個上升劑量的3_(扣胺基_丨_氧 基-1,3-二氫-異呻哚-2-基)-六氫吡啶_2,6-二酮(2、10和20毫 克/公斤)》在所有的案例中,均經由頸靜脈輸液,以至少3〇 分鐘的間隔分開,連續投予3-(4_胺基_丨·氧基_13二氫異吲 哚-2-基)-六氫吡啶-2,6-二酮或媒劑的劑量。 當與媒劑對照組相比較時,在所有劑量中由3_(‘胺基4 — 氧基-1,3-二氫-異啕嗓_2_基六氫吡啶_2,6_二嗣引起的心血 管和呼吸變化均是最少I在媒劑和治療組之間有統計學 上顯著差異的,只有在投予低劑量的3·(4_胺基_丨_氧基_u_ 二氫-異+朵-2-基)-六氫峨唆·2,6_:酮之後,在動脈血壓上 的少量增加(從94毫米綠至1Q1毫米妹)。該影響持績大 約15分鐘,且在較高劑量中並沒有看到。在股血流上的偏 差、呼吸參數和Qte間隔,對對照組和治療組兩者是共同 89286 82- 1308913 的’不認為與治療有關。 6-4在患者中的週期瘓法 在特定的具體實施例中’將本發明之免疫調節化合物週 期性地投予罹患癌症的患者。週期療法涉及投予第一個製 劑一段時間,接著休息一段時間,再重複該連續投藥。週 期療法可降低對一或多種療法發展出抵抗力,避免或降低 療法之一的副作用,及/或改善治療的效力。 在特定的具體實施例中,以大約4至6週的週期,每天大 約1或兩次投予預防或治療劑。一個週期可包括投予治療或 預防劑3至4週,並至少休息1或2週。週期投藥的次數,是 從大約1至大約24個週期,較具代表性的是從大約2到大約 16個週期’而更具代表性的是從大約4到大約8個週期。 例如,在4週的週期中,在第1天開始25毫克/天之3-(4-胺 基-1-乳基-1,3-—氣-異丨嗓-2-基)-六氫t»比咬-2,6-二嗣的投 藥。在第22天時,停止化合物的投藥休息1週。在第29天時, 再開始25毫克/天之3-(4-胺基-1-氧基-1,3-二氫-異,5丨哚-2· 基)-六氫吡啶-2,6-二酮的投藥。 6.5在患者中的臨戾研穿 6.5.1復發之多發性骨髓瘤的治廢 對罹患復發/難醫治之多發性骨髓瘤的患者,投予4-(胺 基)-2-(2,6-二氧基(3-六氫p比咬基))-異吲嗓1»林-1,3-二酮(艾克 堤邁TM)。遵從Good Clinical Practice進行研究。患者至少18 歲,已經診斷罹患多發性骨髓瘤(在血清及/或尿中有病變蛋 白),且在至少兩個治療週期之後,認為對治療是難醫治 89286 -83- 1308913 的,或在兩個治療週期之後復發。 根據Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG)判斷標準,認為 對其先前之攝生法有進行性疾病的患者,對治療是難醫治 的。將疾病緩和之後的復發,定義為Μ組份從基準線階級 增加>25% ;再度出現先前已消失的Μ病變蛋白;或在放射 線照片上認為溶解性骨病變的尺寸和數目明確地增加。患 者可能先前已經使用沙利度胺治療過,使他們能夠容忍該 治療。所有的患者均需要〇至2的Zubrod行動能力。 以1、2、5或10毫克/天之劑量,將4-(胺基)-2-(2,6-二氧基 (3-六氫吡啶基))-異吲哚啉_1,3_二酮投予患者,最多4週;在 每個劑量階級處’一開始有3個患者加入。在每天早上約略 相同的時間給藥;在禁食的狀態下投予所有的劑量(在給藥 前2個小時和給藥後2個小時沒有進食ρ以上升的形式投予 4-(胺基)·2-(2,6-二氧基(3-六氫吡啶基))·異,哚啉-丨}二酮 劑量,使得第一群中的患者接受最低劑量的4_(胺基)_2_(2,6_ 二氧基(3·六氫吡啶基))·異啕哚啉·丨,3•二酮(丨毫克/天),且只 有在對目前之劑量確立安全性和耐受性之後,才升高至下 一個較高的劑量階級。若三個患者之一在任何劑量下體驗 到劑量限制毒性(DLT),便在該劑量處加入3個額外的患 者。若二個額外的患者都沒有體驗到DLT,便升高至下一個 劑量階級;以類似之方式繼續升高,直到建立mtd或達到 最大每日劑量(10毫克/天)為止。然*,若三個額外加入的 患者之一體驗到DLT’便已經達到MTD。若三個額外加入 的患者中有:或多個體驗仙LT,則判斷議已經超過, 89286 • 84 - 1308913 並使运二個額外的患者加入前一個劑量階級,證實mtd。 —旦已經確認MTD,便將四個額外的患者加至這個劑量階 級,使總共有10個患者以MTD治療。 在第1和28天時,根據下列的採樣程序,採血進行藥物動 力學參數分析:投藥前、投藥後0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5、 2、2.5、3、4、6、8、10、12、18和24小時。每週拜访收集 額外的血液試樣,判定4-(胺基)-2·(2,6-二氧基(3-六氫吡啶 基))-異吲哚啉-1,3·二酮之階級。亦根據下列的投藥後時間 間隔,利用尿液集合進行總尿液收集:〇至4、4至8、8至12 和I2至24小時》藉著監視有害事件 '生命徵候、ECGs、臨 床實驗室評估(血液化學、血液學、定出淋巴細胞表現型和 尿液分析)進行安全性評估,並在研究期間的特定時間點進 行理學檢查。 在對多發性骨髓瘤患者投予單一或多個·劑量的4_(胺 基)-2-(2,6- 一乳基(3-六氫p比咬基))_異弓卜朵琳,3_二明之 後,獲得中期藥物學動力分析的結果,並在下文的表2 中提出。這些數據顯示在復發之多發性骨髓瘤的患者中, 在所有劑量階級中’均穩定地吸收4_(胺基)·2_(2,6_二氧基 (3-六氫峨咬基))·異吲哚啉·丨,3_二酮。最大血漿濃度出現在 在第1天給藥後2.5到2.8小時之間,以及在第4週給藥後3到4 小時之間的中間Tmax。在所有的劑量中,在達到Cmax之後, 血漿濃度以單向之方式降低。排除期的開始分別發生在第1 天和第4週的給藥後3到10小時之間。 這些數據亦顯示在給藥4週之後,4_(胺基)-2-(2,6-二氧基 892S6 • 85 · 1308913 (3-六氫吡啶基))-異呻哚啉-1,3-二酮累積達小程度(對於 Cmax和AUCe-γ},平均累積速率分別為大約1.02至1.52,和大 約0.94至1.62)。在AUC(〇.Y^Cmax值中的劑量比例增加,幾 乎是隨著劑量增加。更高5-倍劑量的4-(胺基)-2-(2,6-二氧基 (3-六氫吡啶基))-異峭哚啉·1,3-二酮,在第1天和第4週時, 分別在Cmax上產生3.2-和2.2-倍的增加》同樣地,劑量增加 5·倍’結果在第1天和第4週時,分別在AUC(0.V)上產生3.6-和2.3 -倍的增加。 表1 艾克堤邁^在復發多發性骨髓瘤患者中的藥物動力學參數 參數 1毫克 (N=6) 2毫克 (N=2) 5 毫克 (N=3) 第1天 Cmax 毫微克/毫 15.03 24.4* 48.56(14.03) 升 (4.04) (12.1) tmax 小時 3.3 (2.6) 2.7* (0.3) 2.3 (0.3) AUC(〇-〇〇) 毫微克.小 152.90 279.18 593.10 時/毫升 (36.62) (51.10) (335.23) AUC(〇-y) 134.21 249.57 520.94 (27.14) (29.26) (267.32) t 1/2 小時 7.3 (3.4) 6.3 (1.4) 6.5 (2.2) CL/F 毫升/分鐘 114.75 121.43 182.31 (29.20) (22.22) (117.06) 89286 • 86- 1308913
Vz/f 公升 69.55 65.31 87.24 (44.97) (2.80) (22.61) t=24小時,N/A=無法獲得 表2 在多次口服劑量(1、2和5毫克/天)之後,艾克堤邁TM在復 發多發性骨髓瘤患者中的藥物動力學參數 參數 1毫克 (N=5) 2 毫克 (N=2) 5毫克(N=3) 第4週 C〇iax 毫微克/ 23.20 30.05* 58.07 毫升 (7-48) (15.64) (38.08) tmax 小時 3.6 (1.5) 2.8* (0.3) 5.0 (2.6) AUC(o-x) 毫微克. N/A N/A N/A 小時/毫升 AUC(〇.y) 239.31 269.36 597.24 (122.59) (186.34) (354.23) t 1/2 小時 6.2* (0.6) 7.7 (2.8) 7.8 (4.0) CL/F 毫升/分 87.85 162.68 207.50 鐘 (48.48) (112.54) (175.41) Vz/f 公升 41.35* 95.04 103.95 (8.84) (35.39) (27.25) t=24小時,N/A=無法獲得,N*=3個患者 6.5.2德發之多發性骨髓瘤的治瘓 89286 • 87- 1308913 已經進行3-(4-胺基-1-氧基-1,3-二氫-異4丨嗓-2-基)_六氣 冲匕咬-2,6-二酮(瑞必邁(Revimid)TM)的兩個第1階段臨床研 究,在罹患難醫治或復發之多發性骨髓瘤的患者中,確認 最大耐受劑量(MTD)。這些研究在升高口服給予之3_(4•胺 基-1-氧基-1,3-二氫-異嘀哚-2-基)-六氫吡啶_2,6-二酮的劑 量,高達4週時’亦定出3-(4-胺基-i_氧基4,3-二氫-異^丨嗓 -2-基)-六氫p比淀-2,6-二酮的安全性輪靡特徵。開始以$毫克 /天的3-(4-胺基-1-氧基-1,3-二氫-異吲哚基)_六氫吡啶 -2,6- 一嗣治療患者’接者升南至1〇、25和50毫克/天。串者 加入其指定之劑量28天,延長治療則選擇未顯示出疾病進 行或體驗到劑量限制毒性(DLT)的那些。在每次拜訪時,針 對有害事件評估患者,並根據National Caneer Institute (NCI)
Common Toxicity Criteria將這些事件的嚴重性分級。若患者 體驗到DLT(第3級或較大的非-血液學毒性,或第4級血液學 毒性),便中斷治療。 在該研究中,有27個患者參加。所有的患者均有復發之 多發性骨髓瘤’且18個(72%)是搶救療法難以醫治的。在這 些患者中’ 15個之前曾經歷自體的幹細胞移植,而16個患 者之前冒接受沙利度胺的治療。之前攝生法的中間數為 3(範圍為2至6)。 在第1和28天時,收集血液和尿液試樣進行藥物動力學參 數的分析。根據下列的採樣程序,收集血液試樣:投藥前、 投藥後0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5、2、2.5、3、4、6、8、10、 12、18和24小時。此外,為了的判定3-(4-胺基-1-氧基_i,3· 89286 -88- 1308913 二氫-異峭哚-2-基)-六氫吡啶_2,6-二酮,在每週的臨床拜訪 時收集血液試樣,根據下列的投藥後時間間隔,收集並集 合總尿液:〇至4、4至8、8至12和12至24小時《從血清和24-小時尿液收集中,利用肌酸酐清除,藉著M-蛋白質定量(藉 著免疫電泳)’評估對治療之反應,並在篩選、基準線、第 2和4週以及之後的每個月(或在早期中止時),從事24-小時 的蛋白質計算。以最隹的反應判斷標準為基礎,若患者的 病變蛋白企清濃度或24-小時尿液蛋白質排泄下降至下一 個較低階級,便在第3、6和12個月亦進行骨髓抽吸及/或組 織生檢。在下文中概述28-天治療期間的初步結果》 以這兩個研究為基礎的初步藥物動力學分析,指出在多 發性骨髓瘤患者中,在單一和多個劑量之後,AUC和Cmax 值隨著劑量按比例增加(如同在健康志願者中看到的)。此 外,多次給藥並沒有累積的證據,因為在相同劑量的3-(4-胺基·1·氧基-1,3·二氫-異4丨嗓-2-基)-六氫峨唉_2,6-二酮之 後,單一劑量的AUC(〇-w)可與多個劑量的AUC〇.y相比擬。與 健康志願者的研究類似,觀察到雙重高峰》曝露在多發性 月髓瘤下的患者’以Cmax和AUC值為基礎,與健康男性的志 願者相比較似乎是稍高的,同時在多發性骨髓瘤患者中的 清除’比在健康志願者中的更低,與他們較差的腎功能相 符合(兩者皆為他們年齡和他們疾病的結果)。最後,3_(4_ 胺基-1-氧基-1,3-二氩-異吲哚-2-基)-六氫吡啶_2,6_二酮在 患者中的半衰期,比在健康志願者中的更低(平均8小時, 範圍南達1*7小時)。 89286 -89- 1308913 在該研究中,第一群的3個患者以5毫克/天處理28天,沒 有任何劑量限制毒性(DLT) «•第二群的3個患者接著開始以 1〇毫克/天治療。在第二群1〇毫克/天之3-(4-胺基氧基_ 1’3-二氫-異啕嗓-2-基)-六氫n比咬-2,6-二銅中的患者,完全 能容忍該治療。 6.5.3凰體腫瘤的治瘓 在罹患各種類型之固體腫瘤的患者中,進行利用3_(4_胺 基-1-氧基-1,3-二氫-異啕嗓_2_基)_六氫吡啶_2,6_二酮(瑞必 邁M)的研究’包括惡性黑色素瘤(13)、胰臟癌(2)、原發性 的未知類鹽(1)、腎臟癌(1)、乳癌(1)和NSCLC (2)。患者接 受5寬克/天的3-(4·胺基-1-氧基-1,3-二氫-異4丨嗓·2-基)_六 氫吡啶-2,6-二酮7天,接著每隔7天升高至1〇毫克/天、25毫 克/天和50毫克/天’總共治療4週。容許體驗到臨床益處的 患者繼續治療,作為指定患者。 一開始有20個患者參加研究’接著修正在較高的劑量, 再加入16個額外的患者(腎上腺癌、NSCLC '惡性間皮瘤、 乳癌、惡性黑色素瘤(8)、腎細胞癌(4))。在6_週期間内,每 週給予這16個額外的患者25毫克/天、50毫克/天、75毫克/ 天、100毫克/天、125毫克/天和150毫克/天的升高劑量,並 持績治療額外的6週。 設計第1階段的研究,判定3-(4·胺基-1-氧基-1,3-二氫-異 啕哚-2-基)-六氫吡啶-2,6-二酮在罹患難醫治之固體腫瘤及/ 或淋巴瘤之患者中的最大耐受劑量(MTD),並定出3-(4-胺 基-1-氧基_1,3-二氫-異吲嗓-2-基)-六氫峨淀-2,6-二嗣在該 89286 •90- 1308913 患者族群中的藥物動力學和副作用輪廓特徵。研究設計指 定至少有3個患者必須參加一個劑量階級,並在患者參加下 一個較高劑量階級之前,完成28天的治療。開始給予在第 一組中的患者5毫克/天的3-(4-胺基-1-氧基_ι,3_二氳-異4丨 哚-2-基)-六氫吡啶-2,6-二酮。只要沒有毒性,便可將患者 升高劑量至10、20、25和30毫克/天。 在該研究中’將MTD定義為在接受治療的6個患者中,少 於兩個未體驗到第3級或較大的非-血液學毒性,或第4級戈 較大的血液學毒性之最高劑量階級。若在任一研究中之特 定劑量階級下,3個患者中有1個體驗到毒性,必須以該特 定劑量治療3個額外的患者。然而,若6個患者中有2個體驗 到DLT,則判斷已經超過MTD。不進行更多的劑量升高, 並在先前的劑量階級中加入額外的患者》升高所投予之 3-(4-胺基-1·氧基- ΐ,3·二氫-異4卜朵_2_基)_六氫ρ比咬_2,6_二 酮的劑量,直到獲得MTD或達到最大的每日劑量。 在該研究中,在有20個患者參與的最初組中沒有報告 DLTs〇原始20個受試患者中有13個,連同2個非-試驗患者, 連續以高達150毫克/天之劑量進行治療,作為指定患者。 6.5.4神經膠質瘤的治瘗 進行本研究,在罹患再發、高級神經膠質瘤之患者中找 出毒性。設計該研究,得以給予患者逐漸升高劑量的3·(4_ 胺基-1-氧基-1,3-二氫-異Η丨嗓-2-基)-六氫比淀-2,6-二_,复 到建立最大耐受劑量(MTD)為止。該研究亦調查,以便獲得 3-(4-胺基-1-氧基-1,3-二氫-異1»5|嗓-2-基)-六氫1»比咬-2,6-二 89286 -91- 1308913 酮的初步毒性資訊和藥物動力學數據,並使用功能神經_影 像研究,在活體内發展關於血管生成活性之代用品終點的 探測數據,以及血清血管生成肽的活體外測定。 參加第一組的患者接受2·5毫克/平方米/天,持續4-週的週 期。在每個4-週的治療週期内,每天一次投予3_(4·胺基“· 氧基-1,3-一氫-異吲嗓-2-基)·六氫峨淀-2,6-二嗣,持續3週, 接著休息一週。若符合兩個判斷基準,完成治療週期的患 者便可接受另一個3-(4-胺基-1-氧基二氫-異吲哚_2_ 基)-π氫吡啶-2,6-二酮的治療週期❶第一,患者必須有穩定 的疾病,或已經體驗到部分反應或全部反應,或藉著降低 與腫瘤有關之症狀,如神經學上的不足,證明患者獲益於 利用 3-(4-胺基 2’6-二酮的療法。第二,患者必須從與3_(4_胺基氧基_i,3_ 二氫-異吲哚-2-基)-六氫吡啶-2,6_二酮有關的毒性中恢復, 其發生在先前週期之第42天或稍早時(28•天的週期,加上2 週的恢復期限),藉著回復到等級U的毒性水準而證實之。 在之前週期中體驗到DLT的患者,應該修改其劑量。將dlt 定義為認為其與研究之醫藥品有關的毒性23級之非-血液 學事件,或毒性4級的血液學事件。從該研究中移出在第一 個週期中體驗到DLT,並對治療沒有反應的患者。 接著將3-(4·胺基-1·氧基二氫-異旁呆_2·基)_六氮,比 哫-2’6-二酮的劑量升高至5、8、11、15和20毫克/平方米/ 天至40毫克的最大總每日劑量。患者在4-週的週期中繼 續接受3.(4-胺基小氧基·u•二氮·異六氣^_ 89286 •92· 1308913 2,6-二酮的每個劑量階級,直到符合離開研究的判斯基準之 一為止。 每組有3個患者參加。若發生至少1個DLT,則在特定劑量 階級的該組中加入3個額外的患者。若發生2個DLTs,則已 經超過MTD,將其定義為在每個劑量階級中,少於三分之 一患者體驗到DLT的劑量,並以前一個劑量治療4個以上的 患者。 除非他們對治療有反應’否則從研究中移出在前4週之 週期中體驗到D LT的患者。至於已經完成第一個4 _週之週期 而無DLT,但後續體驗到3或4級血液學及/或非血液學毒性 的患者,暫緩治療最少1週。若在3週内毒性變成<2級,便 在低於引起毒性之劑量的兩個劑量階級下治療該患者(若 在第一或第二個劑量階級下治療該患者,則降低5〇%)。從 研究中,移除在3週内未使其之3或4級毒性變成 < 級的患 者,或在降低之劑量下具有其他3級毒性的那些患者。 在3-(4-胺基-1-氧基·i,3·二氫_異吲哚_2_基)_六氫吡啶_ 2’6·二酮的第一個劑量(第丨天)之前,以及之後的〇 5、卜2、 4 6、8、24和48小時’進行藥物動力學的採樣。在第7和 21天亦進行給藥前_樣,結㈣天騎給藥後^小 6 8和24小時的採樣,評估穩定的3-(4·胺基-1-氧基_ U-二氫-異啕哚基)-六氫吡啶々,6,二酮含量。 6.5.5 紊癍的治唪 二以5毫克/天的3_(4·胺基小氧基]m㈣_2_基)· 氣匕疋2,6 一網必邁tm)開始治療羅患轉移之黑色素 89286 -93- 1308913 瘤的患者,持續7天。㈣每隔7天,分別增加劑量至1〇亳 克/天、25毫克/天和5〇亳克/天,總共治療4週。在^個以該 攝生法治療的患者中,有5個顯示疾病的穩定化,或對前四 週之治療㈣分反應4皮膚和皮下病變⑽患者)、淋巴 結(2個患者)和肝臟(1個患者)中,看到腫瘤起反應。反應的 期間大約6個月。結果暗示該化合物似乎是有前途的新穎 抗-癌症製劑,並具有抗血管生成和免疫調節特性兩者。 6,5,6遽^或難醫治性骨髓痼的辛十 利用高達4個週期,每次4至6週的苯丙胺酸氮芥(5〇毫克 靜脈内)、本發明之免疫調節化合物(每天口服大約1到150 毫克)和地塞米松(在第!到4天時口服4〇毫克/天)的组合治 療,治療罹患復發和難醫治之杜恩_赛門(Dune Salm〇n)第m 期多發性骨髓瘤的患者,該患者對先前的攝生法已經失敗 至少3次,或呈現不佳的表現狀態、鳴中性白血球減少症或 血小板減症。持續由每天的本發明之免疫調節化合物和 每個月的地塞米松所组成之維持治療,直到疾病前進為 止。使用本發明之免疫調節化合物,連同苯丙胺酸氮芥和 地塞米松的療法,是具有高度活性的,且通常為在經過沉 重I預先治療的多發性骨髓瘤患者可容忍的,該患者的癒 後不是那麼差的, 本發明上述的具體實施例,僅企圖作為例證,而熟諳此 和者將承認,或將能夠使用不超過例行的實驗,探知特定 ,化合物、物質和程序的許多相等物。認為所有的這類相 等物均在本發明的範圍内’並由附錄之申請專利範園涵蓋。 89286 -94- 1308913 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1顯示在活體外研究中,比較3-(4-胺基-1-氧基-1,3-二 氫-異峋哚-2-基)-六氫吡啶-2,6-二酮(瑞必邁(Revimid)TM)和 沙利度胺(Thalidomide)在抑制多發性骨髓瘤(MM)細胞株增 殖上的效力。測量由不同MM細胞株(MM. 1S、Hs Sultan、 U266和RPMI-8226)攝取的[3H]-胸腺核苷,作為細胞增殖的 指標。 89286 95-
Claims (1)
- 5月專利乾圍替換本(97年7月、j .,拾、申請專利範圍: 卜終)正本 ---------. f _種如下化學式之K氧基-2-(2,6-二氧六氫。比。定_3_基M_ 土 /、—氣吲α木或其醫藥可接受鹽、溶劑化物或立體異構 物於製備治療腦癌之藥品之用途〇 Ν0 其中該化合物係以每日約0.1至約150毫克之量供應。 2. 如請求項第1項之用途,其中該化合物為卜氧基_2_(2,6· 二氧六氫吡啶-3-基)-4-甲基異二氫吲哚。 3. 如請求項第㈣之用途,其中該化合物為醫藥可接受 鹽。 其中該化合物為醫藥可接受溶劑 4. 5. 6. 8. 如請求項第1項之用途 化物。 如請求項第1項之用途 異構物。 如請求項第5項之用途 R異構物。 如請求項第5項之用途 s異構物。 如請求項第1項之用途,其中腦癌為神細 轳艏# 铧·、工胚細胞瘤、腦脊 m膜瘤、血管化皮細胞瘤、神 婉瞅疵 H膠貝母細胞瘤、腦幹神 塞榭h 刀化星形細胞瘤、或未分化 养樹犬砷經膠細胞瘤。 其中該化合物為醫藥可接受立體 其中立體異構物為鏡相異構上純 其中立體異構物為鏡相異構上純 蓍 89286-970709.doc 1308913 r ''員弟8項之用途,其中腦癌為多形性神經膠質母細 胞瘤。 、 、項苐8項之用途,其中腦癌為不良預後惡性腦瘤。 ^ 求項第1項之用途’其中治療上有效量之第二種活性 :劑係與該化合物合併使用,其中該第二種活性藥劑係 、、由4血生長因子、細胞介質或抗癌藥劑所組成之群= 士明求項第11項之用*,其中第二種活性藥劑為替莫唑 胺(tem〇z〇i〇mide),而病患有復發或進行性腦瘤或再發神 經胚細胞瘤。 如叫求項第11項之用途,其中第二種活性藥劑為希樂葆 (eeleC0xib)、依托泊苷(et〇p〇side)或環磷醯胺 (cyclophosphamide),而病患有復發或進行性中樞神經系 統癌。 14. 如請求項第11項之用途,其中第二種活性藥劑為替莫唑 胺(temodar) ’而病患有復發或進行性腦脊髓膜瘤、惡性 腦脊髓膜瘤、血管化皮細胞瘤、多發性腦轉移、復發腦 瘤或新診斷之多形性神經膠質母細胞瘤。 15. 如請求項第丨丨項之用途,其中第二種活性藥劑為依立替 康(irinotecan),而病患有再發神經膠質母細胞瘤。 16. 如請求項第U項之用途,其中第二種活性藥劑為卡鉑 (carboplatin),而病患有腦幹神經膠瘤。 17.如請求項第丨丨項之用途,其中第二種活性藥劑為丙卡巴 月井(procarbazine),而病 18·如請求項第11項之用途 患有進行性惡性神經膠瘤。 ,其中第二種活性藥劑為環磷醯 89286-970709.doc -2- 1308913 胺(cyclophosphamide),而病患有不良預後惡性腦瘤、新 診斷或再發多形性神經膠質母細胞瘤。 19.如請求項第“項之用途,其中第二種活性藥劑為卡莫司 /Γ (carmustine),而病患有咼度再發惡性神經膠瘤。 2〇.如請求項第項之用途’其令第二種活性藥劑為替莫唾 胺(tem〇z〇l〇mide)或他莫昔芬(tam〇xifen),而病串有未八 化星形細胞瘤。 21.=請求項第U項之用途,其中第二種活性藥劑為拓撲太 肯(t〇P〇tecan) ’而病患有神經膠瘤、神經膠質母細胞瘤、 未分化星形細胞瘤或未分化寡樹突神經膠細胞瘤。 22·如請求項P項之用途,其中該藥品係與放射療法 '激素 療法、生物療法或免疫療法合併使用。 、 23.如請求項第丨項之用途,其中該化合物為口服。 认^請求項第旧之用途,其中該化合物為膠囊或錠劑之形 其中-個週期包括二十一天之化 四 25. 如請求項第1項之用途, 26. 如請求項第1項之用途, 27. 如請求項第1項之用途, 合物投予後經七天休息 28.如請求項第25項之用途 週,有一至六週休息。 其中該化合物週期性被投予。 其中一個仙包括目至六週。 其中化合物被投予四至 29,如請求項第25項 八天中之二十一 十四週。 之料,其中化合物被投予量為每 天每天約(U至約15〇亳克持續十六 89286-970709.do,
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