KR20230066124A - 직사각형 도파관을 사용하는 개구 배율기 - Google Patents
직사각형 도파관을 사용하는 개구 배율기 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20230066124A KR20230066124A KR1020237014447A KR20237014447A KR20230066124A KR 20230066124 A KR20230066124 A KR 20230066124A KR 1020237014447 A KR1020237014447 A KR 1020237014447A KR 20237014447 A KR20237014447 A KR 20237014447A KR 20230066124 A KR20230066124 A KR 20230066124A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0081—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
- G02B27/285—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining comprising arrays of elements, e.g. microprisms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
- G02B6/0028—Light guide, e.g. taper
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0036—2-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
- G02B6/2753—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device
- G02B6/2786—Reducing the polarisation degree, i.e. depolarisers, scramblers, unpolarised output
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
- G02F1/295—Analog deflection from or in an optical waveguide structure]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
- G02B2027/0125—Field-of-view increase by wavefront division
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- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Complex Calculations (AREA)
- Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
도2a 및 2b는 도1a 및 1b의 광학 개구 배율기로부터 도파관의 부분 반사 내부 파셋들(facets)에 대해 전파하는 이미지 광선의 두 가지 가능한 기하학적 구조를 도시하는 개략도이다.
도3은 도1a 및 1b의 광학 개구 배율기의 내부 파셋들과 다양한 반사된 이미지 사이의 각도 연관성의 개략적인 2차원적 투사이다.
도4a 내지 4d는 도1a 및 1b의 다양한 공액 이미지와 광학 개구 배율기에 대한 내부 파셋들에서의 반사 사이의 상호관계를 나타내는 개략적인 등각 투사도이다.
도5a 내지 5d는 도파관의 다양한 초기 광선 방향 및 다양한 기하학적 형태에 대해, 도1a 및 1b의 광학 개구 배율기로부터 2D 도파관을 따라 전파하는 공액 이미지의 다양한 광선 사이의 개략적인 관계도이다.
도6은 본 발명의 또 다른 양태에 따르는 도1a 및 1b의 광학 개구 배율기로부터 2D 도파관에 이미지를 결합시키기 위한 결합 반사기 장치의 개략적인 등각 투사도이다.
도7은 도6의 결합 반사기 장치의 변형된 구현 예이다.
도8a 및 8b는 결합 반사기 장치가 결합 프리즘의 일부로서 구현되는 도6과 동등한 도파관 및 결합 반사기 장치의 상이한 관점에서 본 등각 투사도이다.
도9a 및 9b는 각각 결합 프리즘의 변형 구현예를 나타내는, 도8a 및 8b와 유사한 도면이다.
도10a-10c는 각각 결합 프리즘 및 2D 도파과의 다른 구현예의, 등각 투사도, 상면도 및 측면도이다.
도11, 12 및 13a는 도10a의 결합 프리즘 및 2D 도파관의 또 다른 구현예의 등각 투사도이다.
도13b는 도13a의 결합 프리즘 및 2D 도파관의 상면도이다.
도14a 내지 14c는 본 발명의 또 다른 양태에 따르는 도10a의 결합 프리즘 및 2D 도파관 제조 도중의 3단계의 개략적인 등각 투사도이다.
도15는 본 발명의 또 다른 양태에 따르는 2D 도파관과 이미지 투사 장치의 통합을 도시하는 개략적으로 측면도이다.
도16 및 17은 도15의 통합된 이미지 투사 장치 및 2D 도파관의 두 가지 변형 구현예를 도시하는 개략적인 측면도이다.
도18은 도15-17의 원리의 예시적인 구현예의 3차원 등각 투사도이다.
도19a-19c는 각각 본 발명의 또 다른 구현예에 따르는 2D 도파관과 1D 도파관 사이의 변형 결합 구조를 도시하는, 개략적인 등각 투사도, 측면도, 및 상면도이다.
도20은 도19a-19c의 광학 개구 배율기에 대한 내부 파셋들에서의 반사 민 다양한 공액 이미지 사이의 상호관계를 나타내는 개략적인 등각 투사도이다.
도21a-21c는 본 발명의 교시에 따르는 2D 도파관과 1D 도파관 사이의 결합 구조의 3가지 변형 구현예를 도시하는 등각 투사 측면도이다.
도22a 및 22b는 본 발명의 구현예에 따르는 1D 도파관에 대해 비스듬한 각도로 있는 2D 도파관 사이의 결합 구조의 또 다른 변형 구현예를 각각 도시하는, 개략적인 등각 투사도 및 측면도이다.
도22c 내지 22e는 다양한 변형 구현예를 도시하는 도22b와 유사한 개략적인 측면도이다.
도23은 도1a와 유사하지만 두 도파관 사이에 삽입된 굴절 층을 이용하는 광학 개구 배율기의 개략적인 측면도이다.
도24는 도23의 디바이스에 대한 관련 각도 관계를 도시하는 도3과 유사한 도면이다.
도25a 내지 25c는 두 도파관의 기계적 상호연결을 위한 다양한 구현예를 도시하는 도1a의 것과 유사한 디바이스의 측면도이다.
도25d는 두 도파관의 기계적 상호연결을 위한 구현예를 도시하는 도22e의 것과 유사한 디바이스의 측면도이다.
도26은 제2 도파관에서의 이미지 전파 방향과 제1 도파관 사이의 상대적인 기울기를 도시하는 도1b의 것과 유사한 디바이스의 정면도이다.
도27은 두 세트의 세장형 평행 외부 면에 대해 비스듬하게 경사진 내부 부분 반사 파셋들을 구비한 2D 도파관의 구현예를 도시하는 개략적인 등각 투사도이다.
도28 및 29a는 각각 제1 및 제2 내부 파셋 방향으로 도27의 2D 도파관을 이용하는 디바이스의 두 개의 예시적인 구현예에 대한 기하학적 각도 관계를 도시하는 도3과 유사한 도면이다.
도29b는 도29a의 구현예에 따르는 2D 도파관내에서의 이미지 전파 각도의 개략적인 등각 투사도이다.
도30은 균일성 개선을 제공하기 위해 하나의 인접한 도파관과 중첩하는 본 발명의 또 다른 양태에 따르는 도파관의 개략적인 정면도이다.
도31a 및 31b는 본 발명의 또 다른 양태에 따르는 이미지 균일성에 대한 내부 파셋 간격 변화의 영향을 도시하는 도파관의 개략적인 도면이다.
도31c는 이미지 균일성을 개선하기 위한 다중-경로 구현예를 도시하는 도1b의 것과 유사한 시스템의 정면도이다.
도32a 및 32b는 도1b의 것과 유사한 시스템의 두 개의 또 다른 변형 다중-경로 구현예이다.
도33a는 낮은 각도의 입사 광선을 선택적으로 반사시키도록 코팅된 내부 파셋들을 이용하는 도1b와 유사한 디바이스의 또 다른 구현예의 개략적인 정면도이다.
도33b는 도33a의 광학 개구 배율기의 내부 파셋들과 다양한 반사된 이미지 사이의 각도 관계를 도시하는 도3과 유사한 도면이다.
도33c는 도34a의 디바이스에 사용되는 코팅된 파셋들에 대한 S 및 P 편광된 방사선에 대한 반사성의 각도 의존성을 예시하는 그래프이다.
도34a 내지 34e는 본 발명이 일 양태에 따르는 2D 도파관과 결합 프리즘의 제조 단계에서의 순서를 도시하는 개략적인 등각 투사도이다.
도35a 및 35b는 직접 관찰되는 장면의 투과도의 강도에 대한 본 발명의 일 실시예의 잠재적인 영향을 각각 도시하는 개략적인 정면 및 측면도이다.
도35c 및 35d는 본 발명의 또 다른 양태에 따르는 투과도 강도 수정을 도시하는 도35a 및 35b와 유사한 도면이다.
12b : 후방 면 14a, 14b : 외부면
16a : 제1 근위 에지 16b : 제2 근위 에지
18a : 제1 반사기 18b : 제2 반사기
20 : 제2 광 도파관 30 : 빔
40, 45 : 파셋 81, 84, 89 : 개구
91 : 결합 프리즘 91a : 반사 표면
112 : 제2 도파관 반사기 114R : 제1 도파관 반사기
116 : 단일 반사기 117 : 백미러
120 : 중간 굴절층 155 : 부분 반사 표면
170 : 도파관 179 : 출력 개구
400 : 적층물 404 : 절편
405 : 커버 투명판 406 : 2D 도파관
413 : 투명 확장부 414 : 프리즘
417 : 조립 도파관 500 : PBS
501 : 시준 PBS 502 : 결합 프리즘
503 : 2D 도파관 509: 이미지 생성기
523 : 트리밍 에지 526 : 시준 PBS
1149 : 반사성 코팅 1150 : 연결 기구
1610 : 반사성 코팅 1630 : 트리밍 에지
1640 : 프리즘 2670 : 내부 파셋
Claims (11)
- 광학 개구 배율기로서,
(a) 투명 물질의 블록으로서 형성된 제1 도파관으로서, 상기 제1 도파관은 직사각형 단면을 형성하는 제1 및 제2 평행 면 쌍을 갖고, 상기 제1 도파관은 상기 제1 도파관을 적어도 부분적으로 가로지르는 상호 평행한, 부분 반사 내부 표면들의 제1 세트를 포함하고, 상기 부분 반사 표면들은 적어도 상기 제1 평행 면 쌍에 대해 비스듬한 각도에 있는, 상기 제1 도파관;
(b) 상기 제1 도파관과 광학적으로 결합된 투명 물질의 블록으로서 형성된 제2 도파관으로서, 상기 제2 도파관은 슬래브-형 도파관을 형성하는 제3 평행 면 쌍을 가지며, 부분 반사 표면들의 제2 세트는 상기 제2 도파관을 적어도 부분적으로 가로지르고, 상기 부분 반사 표면들의 제2 세트는 상기 제3 평행 면 쌍에 대해 비스듬한 각도를 이루는, 상기 제2 도파관; 및
(c) 무한대로 시준된 이미지를 투사하도록 구성된 이미지 프로젝터로서, 상기 이미지 프로젝터는, 상기 제1 및 제2 평행 면 쌍에서 4-접(four-fold) 내부 반사에 의해 상기 제1 도파관 내에서 전파하도록 상기 제1 도파관 내로 상기 이미지를 도입하기 위해 상기 제1 도파관에 광학적으로 결합되고, 이에 의해 4개의 내부 반사된 이미지들의 세트를 생성하는, 상기 이미지 프로젝터를 포함하고;
상기 광학 결합 및 상기 제1 및 제2 도파관들의 상기 부분 반사 표면들의 상기 제1 및 제2 세트들은, 상기 4개의 내부 반사 이미지들의 세트 중 적어도 하나의 강도의 비율이 상기 부분 반사 표면들에서의 반사에 의해 점진적으로 편향되어 상기 제2 도파관 내로 결합되고, 상기 제2 도파관 내에서 2-접(two-fold) 반사에 의해 전파되도록 구성되고, 상기 이미지의 강도의 비율은 상기 부분 반사 표면들에서 반사되어 가시적인 이미지로서 상기 평행한 면들 중 하나로부터 밖으로 향하게 되고,
그리고 상기 제1 도파관 내에서 전파되는 상기 이미지는 각도 관측 시야에 걸쳐 있고, 상기 4개의 내부 반사 이미지 중 임의의 것의 광선이 상기 제1 및 제2 평행 면 쌍 중 임의의 것 또는 상기 부분 반사 표면들의 상기 제1 세트에 평행하지 않고,
그리고 상기 편향된 이미지의 광선 또는 상기 제2 도파관 내에서 전파하는 그의 반사는 상기 제3 평행 면 쌍 또는 상기 부분 반사 표면들의 제2 세트에 평행하지 않는, 광학 개구 배율기. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 부분 반사 표면들의 제1 세트는 상기 제2 평행 면 쌍에 수직인, 광학 개구 배율기.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 제2 평행 면 쌍은 상기 제3 평행 면 쌍에 평행한 것인, 광학 개구 배율기.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 부분 반사 표면들의 제1 세트는 상기 4개의 반사 이미지들 중 제1 2개의 관측 시야를 포함하는 제1 각도 범위 내에서 입사하는 광선들에 대해 실질적으로 투명하고, 상기 4개의 반사 이미지들 중 제2 2개의 관측 시야를 포함하는 제2 각도 범위 내에서 입사하는 광선들에 대해 부분적으로 반사하는 다층 유전체 코팅을 사용하여 구현되고, 이에 의해 상기 제2 도파관 내로 결합되도록 상기 제2 2개의 이미지들을 점진적으로 편향시키는, 광학 개구 배율기.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 부분 반사 표면들의 제1 세트의 반사율은 상기 반사된 이미지들의 전파 방향을 따라 증가하는, 광학 개구 배율기.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 부분 반사 표면들의 제1 세트는 상기 제1 및 제2 평행 면 쌍 중 적어도 하나의 면에 인접한 주변 매체에서 상기 제1 도파관의 물질에 대한 임계 각보다 작은 각도로 상기 제1 평행 면 쌍에 대한 법선에 대해 경사진, 광 개구 배율기.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 제1 도파관은 상기 제1 평행 면 쌍 또는 상기 제2 평행 면 쌍 사이에 이격되고 그에 평행한 부분 반사 내부 표면을 더 포함하는, 광학 개구 배율기.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 이미지 프로젝터와 상기 제1 도파관 사이의 광학 결합은 상기 제1 도파관과 일체로 형성되거나 광학적으로 결합되는 결합 프리즘을 통해 이루어지고, 상기 결합 프리즘은 상기 이미지 프로젝터로부터의 투사된 이미지의 광 축에 대체로 수직인 결합 표면을 제공하고, 상기 결합 프리즘은 상기 제1 평행 면 쌍의 제1 면과 동일 평면 상에 있거나 평행한 제1 연장 표면 및 상기 제2 평행 면 쌍의 제1 면과 동일 평면 상에 있거나 평행한 제2 연장 표면을 제공하는, 광학 개구 배율기.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 제1 연장 표면은 상기 제1 도파관의 신장 방향에 수직인 폭이 상기 제1 평행 면 쌍의 폭보다 크고, 상기 제2 연장 표면은 상기 제1 도파관의 신장 방향에 수직인 폭이 상기 제2 평행 면 쌍의 폭보다 큰 것인, 광 개구 배율기.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 결합 프리즘은 상기 제1 도파관의 입구 개구의 제1 차원을 규정하는 제1 컷-오프 에지 및 상기 제1 도파관의 입구 개구의 제2 차원을 규정하는 제2 컷-오프 에지를 규정하고, 상기 제1 컷-오프 에지 및 상기 제2 컷-오프 에지는 동일 평면 상에 있지 않는, 광 개구 배율기.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 결합 프리즘은 상기 제1 도파관의 입구 개구의 제1 차원을 규정하는 제1 컷-오프 에지 및 상기 제1 도파관의 입구 개구의 제2 차원을 규정하는 제2 컷-오프 에지를 규정하고, 상기 제1 및 제2 컷-오프 에지들 중 적어도 하나는 상기 제1 도파관의 신장 방향에 비스듬하게 경사진, 광 개구 배율기.
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