KR102685472B1 - 배터리용 고상 캐소라이트 또는 전해질 - Google Patents
배터리용 고상 캐소라이트 또는 전해질 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 이온 전도율 및 전자 전도율을 증진시키기 위해 활성 캐소드 재료와 보다 작은 입자의 캐소라이트를 혼합하는 것을 도시하는 간략도이다.
도 3 및 도 3a는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 배터리 장치의 단면도를 도시하는 간략도이다.
도 4는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 LSPS 이온 전도율 및 전자 전도율의 아레니우스 플롯을 도시하는 간략도이다.
도 5는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 네킹 거동 및 연결 네크워크의 형성을 도시하는 LSPS 및 LGPS의 SEM을 도시한다.
도 6은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 어닐링 공정으로부터 결정질인 재료로부터 도출된 공기 중의 LSPS XRD 주사 및 피크 위치를 도시한다.
도 7은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 아르곤 환경 하에서 취해진 LSPS의 XRD 패턴 및 피크 위치를 도시한다.
도 8은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 LSPS 특이적 피크 시프트를 포함하는 LSPS XPS 주사 및 화학양론을 도시한다.
도 9는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 아르곤 분위기 하에서 취해진 여러 가지 LGPS 분말의 XRD 패턴 및 피크를 도시한다.
도 10은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 리튬 기준/대립 전극 및 스테인리스강 작업 전극을 이용한 LGPS의 사이클릭 볼타모그램(cyclic voltammogram)을 도시한다.
도 11은 본 발명의 일 실시예 따른 여러 가지 LGPS 샘플의 라만 분광측정 자기특성도의 일 예시를 도시한다.
도 12는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 전구물질에 비교되는 LGPS의 라만 분광측정의 일 예시를 도시한다.
도 13은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 LGPS 이온 전도율의 아레니우스 플롯의 일 예시를 도시한다.
도 14는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 P 및 Ge 농도의 함수로서 LGPS 이온 전도율을 도시한다.
도 15는 Li2S:P2S5:GeS2 전구물질 비율의 함수로서 X선 광전자 분광측정(XPS)에 의해 측정된 LiaGePbSc의 압착가공된 펠릿 내의 P 및 Ge의 조성을 도시한다.
도 16은 본 발명의 실시형태에 따른 샘플의 온도의 함수로서 작도된 이온 전도율을 도시한다.
도 17은 30℃에서 9e-4 S/cm의 전도율을 갖는 LSPS 샘플의 XRD 스펙트럼을 도시한다.
도 18a는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 전극 재료(활성 양극 재료, 이온 전도체, 및 전자 전도체를 포함함)의 간략도이다.
도 18b는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 음극 집전기, 고상 전해질, 및 양극 집전기의 간략도이다.
도 19는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 LGPS, LSPS, LSTPS, 및 LTPS의 60℃에서 이온 전도율을 도시한다.
도 20은 본 발명에 따른 다양한 실시예에서 LGPS - 0.21 eV, LSTPS - 0.25 eV, LSPS - 0.28 eV, LTPS - 0.26 eV의 활성화 에너지의 이온 전도율의 아레니우스 플롯을 도시한다.
도 21은 본 발명에 따른 실시예에 따른 LSTPS, LSPS, 및 LTPS의 XRD 스펙트럼으로부터의 결정 구조를 도시한다.
도 22a 내지 도 22d는 7Li NMR 플롯의 예시이다.
도 23a 내지 도 23d는 31P NMR 플롯의 예시이다.
도 24는 본 발명에 따른 일 실시예에서 고상 캐소라이트를 포함하는 완전 전지의 개략도를 도시한다.
도 25는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 고상 캐소라이트의 주조 막의 SEM 현미경사진이다.
2θ(°) | d(ÅA) | 정규화 강도 | 반치전폭(°) |
26.1722 | 3.40207 | 0.16 | 0.5674 |
27.184 | 3.27771 | 0.45 | 0.2801 |
27.9566 | 3.18885 | 0.41 | 0.2701 |
30.9299 | 2.88874 | 0.12 | 1.5391 |
33.3519 | 2.6843 | 1.00 | 0.2044 |
33.8262 | 2.64773 | 0.34 | 2.0815 |
41.3252 | 2.18294 | 0.12 | 0.3451 |
52.1143 | 1.75356 | 0.21 | 0.2782 |
52.9999 | 1.72632 | 0.38 | 0.2964 |
54.6355 | 1.67845 | 0.04 | 0.8441 |
56.4607 | 1.62844 | 0.05 | 0.5958 |
2θ(°) | 정규화 강도 |
18.4 | 0.29 |
19.1 | 0.29 |
26.3 | 0.32 |
27.1 | 0.39 |
27.9 | 0.39 |
30.1 | 0.42 |
30.9 | 0.55 |
33.4 | 0.43 |
43.8 | 1.00 |
50.4 | 0.41 |
53.1 | 0.44 |
5:1:1 Li2S:P2S5:GeS2 |
45:2:1 Li2S:P2S5:GeS2 |
15:2:1 Li2S:P2S5:GeS2 |
|||||
2θ | 정규화 강도 | 2θ | 정규화 강도 | 2 θ | 정규화 강도 | ||
12.6 | 0.44 | 16.3 | 0.43 | 12.88 | 0.10 | ||
14.28 | 0.38 | 15.08 | 0.16 | ||||
15.42 | 0.36 | 28.2 | 0.70 | 16.12 | 0.26 | ||
17.06 | 0.38 | 30.7 | 0.73 | 17.87 | 0.14 | ||
17.62 | 0.43 | 32.24 | 0.79 | 18.59 | 0.28 | ||
20.42 | 0.65 | 43.2 | 1.00 | 26.18 | 0.87 | ||
23.7 | 0.40 | 45.8 | 0.99 | 27.3 | 0.70 | ||
24.22 | 0.57 | 48.24 | 0.57 | 30.68 | 1.00 | ||
25.06 | 0.39 | 52.8 | 0.66 | 31.8 | 0.62 | ||
25.5 | 0.39 | 53.96 | 0.80 | 31.88 | 0.80 | ||
26.9 | 0.62 | 33.7 | 0.17 | ||||
29.24 | 0.45 | 38 | 0.17 | ||||
29.82 | 1.00 | 40 | 0.19 | ||||
31.48 | 0.42 | 42 | 0.26 | ||||
32.74 | 0.53 | 43 | 0.38 | ||||
33.56 | 0.46 | 45.5 | 0.56 | ||||
35.8 | 0.43 | 48.2 | 0.55 | ||||
36.9 | 0.47 | 52.7 | 0.53 | ||||
37.9 | 0.46 | 52.98 | 0.37 | ||||
41.72 | 0.58 | 53.5 | 0.34 | ||||
43.2 | 0.65 | 59 | 0.23 | ||||
47.66 | 0.62 | ||||||
51.9 | 0.45 | ||||||
52.4 | 0.46 | ||||||
52.88 | 0.47 | ||||||
54 | 0.43 | ||||||
55.34 | 0.44 | ||||||
55.94 | 0.45 | ||||||
57.52 | 0.44 | ||||||
58.34 | 0.46 | ||||||
59.1 | 0.44 | ||||||
60.8 | 0.45 | ||||||
64.28 | 0.44 |
파수(cm-1) | 정규화 강도 |
202 | 0.22 |
286 | 0.22 |
383 | 0.53 |
418 | 1.00 |
551 | 0.17 |
575 | 0.15 |
600 | 0.10 |
1366 | 0.20 |
1614 | 0.23 |
Li | Ge | P | S | O | 60 ℃에서의 이온 전도율(S/cm) |
24.94 | 6.73 | 14.47 | 46.58 | 7.29 | |
52.02 | 0.10 | 0.23 | 32.46 | 8.06 | 2.5e-6 |
55.28 | 0.78 | 0.89 | 34.56 | 8.33 | ~1e-8 |
62.75 | 1.92 | 0.11 | 29.93 | 8.11 | 3.5e-8 |
45.72 | 8.54 | 0.02 | 38.99 | 6.73 | 3e-6 |
Li | Si | P | S | O | 60 ℃에서의 이온 전도율(S/cm) |
26.76 | 0.15 | 22.22 | 45.62 | 5.25 | 1e-7 |
5e-7 |
2θ(°) | d(ÅA) | 정규화 강도 | 반치전폭(°) |
12.38 | 7.15 | 0.08 | 0.35 |
14.35 | 6.17 | 0.13 | 0.50 |
16.05 | 5.52 | 0.13 | 1.61 |
16.74 | 5.29 | 0.16 | 0.35 |
19.55 | 4.54 | 0.06 | 0.35 |
20.22 | 4.39 | 0.21 | 0.38 |
20.91 | 4.24 | 0.07 | 0.35 |
24.03 | 3.70 | 0.16 | 0.40 |
25.27 | 3.52 | 0.21 | 0.15 |
26.94 | 3.31 | 0.35 | 0.28 |
29.10 | 3.07 | 0.30 | 0.20 |
29.67 | 3.01 | 1.00 | 0.34 |
31.15 | 2.87 | 0.16 | 0.26 |
31.89 | 2.80 | 0.31 | 1.44 |
32.37 | 2.76 | 0.68 | 0.20 |
33.42 | 2.68 | 0.19 | 0.43 |
34.12 | 2.63 | 0.09 | 0.35 |
36.81 | 2.44 | 0.09 | 0.35 |
37.86 | 2.37 | 0.13 | 0.40 |
41.75 | 2.16 | 0.13 | 0.51 |
42.52 | 2.12 | 0.09 | 0.39 |
44.70 | 2.03 | 0.12 | 0.27 |
47.73 | 1.90 | 0.23 | 0.47 |
51.22 | 1.78 | 0.16 | 0.21 |
52.09 | 1.75 | 0.33 | 0.26 |
53.03 | 1.73 | 0.11 | 0.41 |
ID | Li | O | P | S | Si | Sn |
LSTPS | 43 | 8 | 9 | 34 | 4 | 2 |
LTPS | 36 | 11 | 13 | 34 | 0 | 6 |
LSPS | 42 | 6 | 9 | 34 | 10 | 0 |
7 Li 피크 시프트(ppm) | 31 P 피크 시프트(ppm) | |
LSPS | 1.176 |
73.217
87.114 93.892 |
LSTPS | 0.732 |
75.575
86.699 93.590 108.367 |
LTPS | 0.812 |
77.418
92.733 108.360 |
LGPS | 0.955 |
74.430
86.590 92.227 109.251 |
위치 [°2θ] | 높이 [cm] | 반치전폭 좌측[°2θ] | d-간격 [ÅA] | 상대 강도 [%] | |
12.733610 | 26.591680 | 0.157440 | 6.95207 | 5.73 | |
14.784530 | 56.879290 | 0.157440 | 5.99197 | 12.25 | |
17.723710 | 38.558420 | 0.236160 | 5.00437 | 8.31 | |
20.481290 | 143.921600 | 0.118080 | 4.33640 | 31.01 | |
20.781580 | 133.582900 | 0.118080 | 4.27441 | 28.78 | |
24.229180 | 111.174500 | 0.137760 | 3.67345 | 23.95 | |
27.243660 | 158.124100 | 0.196800 | 3.27345 | 34.07 | |
27.763790 | 43.883490 | 0.236160 | 3.21329 | 9.45 | |
29.354880 | 76.615600 | 0.157440 | 3.04265 | 16.51 | |
29.856440 | 464.168600 | 0.177120 | 2.99267 | 100.00 | |
31.965920 | 35.157160 | 0.196800 | 2.79983 | 7.57 | |
33.639830 | 54.079900 | 0.157440 | 2.66424 | 11.65 | |
35.873710 | 31.241780 | 0.236160 | 2.50330 | 6.73 | |
36.919290 | 99.591870 | 0.157440 | 2.43477 | 21.46 | |
37.924850 | 48.159920 | 0.236160 | 2.37249 | 10.38 | |
41.732860 | 141.007900 | 0.196800 | 2.16439 | 30.38 | |
42.569990 | 84.150730 | 0.275520 | 2.12375 | 18.13 | |
45.560390 | 42.126310 | 0.236160 | 1.99107 | 9.08 | |
47.630040 | 206.606000 | 0.236160 | 1.90928 | 44.51 | |
49.299420 | 29.497720 | 0.393600 | 1.84846 | 6.35 | |
51.935750 | 46.042590 | 0.236160 | 1.76066 | 9.92 | |
52.798970 | 56.437860 | 0.314880 | 1.73390 | 12.16 | |
55.107590 | 25.241580 | 0.472320 | 1.66660 | 5.44 | |
55.994610 | 36.691830 | 0.314880 | 1.64228 | 7.90 | |
58.343510 | 49.514790 | 0.314880 | 1.58164 | 10.67 | |
59.193100 | 26.718480 | 0.314880 | 1.56095 | 5.76 | |
60.398770 | 33.454870 | 0.314880 | 1.53265 | 7.21 | |
64.457960 | 27.037480 | 0.314880 | 1.44559 | 5.82 | |
71.353960 | 9.812757 | 0.551040 | 1.32187 | 2.11 | |
72.420560 | 11.335860 | 0.472320 | 1.30501 | 2.44 |
Claims (67)
- 캐소드 영역을 포함하는 에너지 저장 장치로서,
상기 캐소드 영역은,
충전 및 방전의 기간 중에 제 1 체적으로부터 제 2 체적으로 팽창 또는 수축되는 활성 재료를 포함하는 활성 재료 영역; 및
상기 활성 재료 영역에 의해 점유되지 않은 공간적 영역 내에 공간적으로 봉입되는 캐소라이트(catholyte) 재료를 포함하고,
상기 캐소라이트 재료가 리튬 원소, 실리콘 원소, 주석 원소, 인 원소, 및 황 원소를 포함하고,
상기 캐소라이트 재료가 Lia(SiSn)PbSc 로부터 선택되고, 여기서 2≤a≤10, 0.5≤b≤2.5, 4≤c≤12 이고;
상기 캐소라이트 재료가 2θ = 30°±1°, 33°±1° 또는 2θ = 43°±1°에서 주요 CuKα XRD 피크를 특징으로 하는,
에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
Si/(Si+Sn) 화학양론이 0.25 내지 0.75인, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
Si:Sn 의 비가 적어도 1:1 인, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 캐소라이트 재료의 0 원자% 초과 내지 15 원자%의 산소 원자를 포함하는, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 캐소라이트 재료가 게르마늄 원소를 더욱 포함하고, 상기 게르마늄 원소가 상기 캐소라이트 재료의 0 원자% 초과 내지 15 원자%인, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
산소 원소를 더욱 포함하고, 상기 산소 원소가 상기 캐소라이트 재료의 10 원자% 미만이고 0 원자% 초과인, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
산소 원소를 더욱 포함하고, 산소 원소 대 황 원소의 비율이 1:10 이하인, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 활성 재료 영역이 상기 캐소드 영역의 50 체적%를 초과하고, 상기 캐소라이트 재료가 상기 캐소드 영역의 30 체적% 미만인, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 캐소라이트 재료의 인접부 내에 배치되는 폴리머 재료를 더욱 포함하는, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 캐소라이트 재료가 복수의 입자를 포함하는, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 활성 재료 영역이 2μm 내지 10μm의 범위의 중앙 직경을 갖는 클러스터를 포함하는, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 캐소라이트 재료가 네킹 구조를 통해 상호연결된 복수의 다결정 입자를 포함하고, 입자 직경 대 네크 비율의 치수는 1% 내지 100%이고, 상기 캐소드 영역은 상기 캐소드 영역의 총 체적의 30 % 미만의 기공율을 갖는, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 활성 재료가 철 및 플루오린을 포함하는, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 활성 재료가 NCA(니켈 코발트 알루미늄 산화물), LMNO(리튬 망가니즈 니켈 산화물), LCO(리튬 코발트 산화물), 니켈 및 플루오린을 포함하는 활성 재료, 및 철 및 플루오린을 포함하는 활성 재료로부터 선택되는, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 활성 재료 영역이 상기 캐소드 영역의 50 체적%를 초과하는, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 캐소라이트 재료가 10-5 내지 5×10-2 S/cm의 실온 이온 전도율 및 10-5 S/cm 미만의 전기 전도율을 갖는, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제16항에 있어서,
상기 실온 이온 전도율이 10-5 내지 5×10-2 S/cm인, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 캐소라이트 재료의 1차 라만 피크가, 레니쇼 인비아 라만 현미경(Renishaw inVia Raman microscope)에 의해 측정하였을 때, 418±10 cm-1, 383±10 cm-1, 286±10 cm-1, 또는 1614±10 cm-1를 특징으로 하는, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 캐소라이트 재료의 적어도 하나의 31P NMR 피크 시프트가 86-88 ppm, 92-94 ppm, 74-78 ppm, 또는 108-109.5 ppm 을 특징으로 하는, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 캐소라이트 재료는 도핑제로 도핑되고, 18-21°, 26-28°, 28-31°, 및 46-48°를 포함하는 복수의 범위의 복수의 상이한 XRD 피크를 특징으로 하고, 상기 도핑제가 Si, Ge 또는 Sn 인, 에너지 저장 장치. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 캐소라이트 재료의 30 원자% 초과 내지 50 원자%의 리튬 원소;
상기 캐소라이트 재료의 0 원자% 초과 내지 15 원자%의 실리콘 원소;
상기 캐소라이트 재료의 0 원자% 초과 내지 15 원자%의 주석 원소;
상기 캐소라이트 재료의 5 원자% 초과 내지 17 원자%의 인 원소;
상기 캐소라이트 재료의 30 원자% 초과 내지 55 원자%의 황 원소; 및
상기 캐소라이트 재료의 0 원자% 초과 내지 15 원자%의 산소 원소를 포함하고,
산소 원소 대 황 원소의 비율이 1:2 이하인, 에너지 저장 장치. - 삭제
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US61/935,956 | 2014-02-05 | ||
KR1020217010174A KR102443148B1 (ko) | 2013-05-15 | 2014-05-15 | 배터리용 고상 캐소라이트 또는 전해질 |
PCT/US2014/038283 WO2014186634A2 (en) | 2013-05-15 | 2014-05-15 | Solid state catholyte or electrolyte for battery using liampbsc (m = si, ge, and/or sn) |
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