KR100445434B1 - 리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 조성물 및 이를 사용하여제조된 리튬-황 전지 - Google Patents
리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 조성물 및 이를 사용하여제조된 리튬-황 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100445434B1 KR100445434B1 KR10-2002-0040007A KR20020040007A KR100445434B1 KR 100445434 B1 KR100445434 B1 KR 100445434B1 KR 20020040007 A KR20020040007 A KR 20020040007A KR 100445434 B1 KR100445434 B1 KR 100445434B1
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- Prior art keywords
- active material
- lithium
- positive electrode
- sulfur battery
- surfactant
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 amine salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical class NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003459 sulfonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012424 LiSO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003020 cross-linked polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004703 cross-linked polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;sulfane Chemical compound C.S YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000120 polyethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 황 계열 화합물을 포함하는 양극 활물질;바인더;도전재;계면활성제; 및유기 용매를 포함하는 리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 조성물.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 계면활성제는 중량 평균 분자량이 100 내지 100,000인 올리고머 또는 폴리머인 리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 조성물.
- 제 2 항에 있어서, 상기 계면활성제는 중량 평균 분자량이 500 내지 10,000인 올리고머 또는 폴리머인 리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 조성물.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 계면활성제는 양이온계, 음이온계 및 비이온계 계면활성제 중에서 선택되는 것인 리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 조성물.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 계면활성제는 아민계 염, 4급암모늄 염, 아미노 아마이드 및 아미다졸린으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 양이온계 계면활성제; 카르복실산, 설포릭 산 에스테르 및 설포닉 산으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 음이온계 계면활성제; 폴리아크릴산의 암모늄염, 알킬 또는 알킬-아릴 에테르계, 티오에테르계 및 에스테르와 아마이드계로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 비이온계 계면활성제로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것인 리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 조성물.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 계면활성제는 하기 화학식 1의 올리고머 또는 폴리머인 리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 조성물.[화학식 1]-(CH2-CH2-O)n-(상기 화학식 1에서, n은 1 내지 50이다)
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 계면활성제는 하기 화학식 2의 올리고머 또는 폴리머인 리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 조성물.[화학식 2]CH3CH2-O-(CH2-CH2)n-O-CH2-CH3(상기 화학식 2에서, n은 1 내지 50이다)
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 계면활성제의 함량은 상기 활물질 중량에 대하여 0.1 내지 10 중량%인 리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 조성물.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, 상기 계면활성제의 함량은 상기 활물질 중량에 대하여 1내지 5 중량%인 리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 조성물.
- 황 계열 화합물을 포함하는 양극 활물질, 바인더, 도전재 및 계면활성제를 포함하는 양극;음극;전해질; 및세퍼레이터를 포함하는 리튬-황 전지.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2002-0040007A KR100445434B1 (ko) | 2002-07-10 | 2002-07-10 | 리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 조성물 및 이를 사용하여제조된 리튬-황 전지 |
US10/429,824 US7291424B2 (en) | 2002-07-10 | 2003-05-06 | Positive electrode for lithium-sulfur battery and lithium-sulfur battery fabricated using same |
CNB031314740A CN1293652C (zh) | 2002-07-10 | 2003-05-15 | 锂硫电池的正极及采用它制备的锂硫电池 |
JP2003156958A JP2004055544A (ja) | 2002-07-10 | 2003-06-02 | リチウム−硫黄電池用正極,及びリチウム−硫黄電池 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR10-2002-0040007A KR100445434B1 (ko) | 2002-07-10 | 2002-07-10 | 리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 조성물 및 이를 사용하여제조된 리튬-황 전지 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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KR20040005440A KR20040005440A (ko) | 2004-01-16 |
KR100445434B1 true KR100445434B1 (ko) | 2004-08-21 |
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KR10-2002-0040007A KR100445434B1 (ko) | 2002-07-10 | 2002-07-10 | 리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 조성물 및 이를 사용하여제조된 리튬-황 전지 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7291424B2 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2004055544A (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100445434B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN1293652C (ko) |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006064342A2 (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2006-06-22 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Electrode for use in a battery and method of making the same |
KR100880096B1 (ko) * | 2005-03-22 | 2009-01-23 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 고온저장 특성이 우수한 리튬 이차 전지용 전극첨가제 및이를 이용한 리튬이차 전지 |
KR100892048B1 (ko) * | 2006-09-18 | 2009-04-06 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 고율 방전 특성이 향상된 이차전지 |
CN101431155B (zh) * | 2007-11-05 | 2011-01-12 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种锂二次电池的正极浆料和正极及包括该正极的电池 |
JP5561029B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-27 | 2014-07-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電池 |
ES2532216T3 (es) * | 2010-12-21 | 2015-03-25 | Linak A/S | Dispositivo de accionamiento lineal |
JP2014232567A (ja) * | 2011-09-21 | 2014-12-11 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
US20130164615A1 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-27 | Arumugam Manthiram | Conductive polymer-coated, shaped sulfur-nanocomposite cathodes for rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries and methods of making the same |
CN102569730A (zh) * | 2012-01-31 | 2012-07-11 | 中南大学 | 一种锂硫电池正极极片的制备方法 |
EP2811550B1 (en) * | 2012-02-02 | 2018-01-17 | Toyo Ink SC Holdings Co., Ltd. | Composition for forming secondary cell electrode, secondary cell electrode, and secondary cell |
DE102012215878A1 (de) * | 2012-09-07 | 2014-03-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektrode und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Elektrode |
US10033040B2 (en) | 2013-07-08 | 2018-07-24 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Standford Junior University | Stable cycling of lithium sulfide cathodes through strong affinity with multifunctional binders |
KR20160075590A (ko) * | 2013-10-23 | 2016-06-29 | 솔베이(소시에떼아노님) | 리튬-황 전지용 양극 |
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US20040009396A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
CN1467865A (zh) | 2004-01-14 |
US7291424B2 (en) | 2007-11-06 |
CN1293652C (zh) | 2007-01-03 |
KR20040005440A (ko) | 2004-01-16 |
JP2004055544A (ja) | 2004-02-19 |
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