JP7157041B2 - 排ガス浄化用触媒 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化用触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7157041B2 JP7157041B2 JP2019235915A JP2019235915A JP7157041B2 JP 7157041 B2 JP7157041 B2 JP 7157041B2 JP 2019235915 A JP2019235915 A JP 2019235915A JP 2019235915 A JP2019235915 A JP 2019235915A JP 7157041 B2 JP7157041 B2 JP 7157041B2
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- less
- exhaust gas
- fine particles
- particle size
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 152
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title description 38
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 112
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 141
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 91
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 22
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 16
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B01J23/681—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with arsenic, antimony or bismuth
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- F01N2570/16—Oxygen
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Description
(1)基材と、該基材上に形成された二層構造の触媒コート層を有する排ガス浄化用触媒であって、
前記触媒コート層が、排ガス流れ方向の上流側の上流部と下流側の下流部からなり、前記下流部の一部の上に前記上流部の一部又は全部が形成されており、
前記下流部が、透過型電子顕微鏡観察により測定された平均粒径が1.0nm以上2.0nm以下であり、且つ粒径の標準偏差σが0.8nm以下であるRh微粒子を含む、排ガス浄化用触媒。
(2)前記下流部における前記Rh微粒子の含有量が、基材容量に対して0.01g/L以上0.7g/L以下である、前記(1)に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
(3)前記下流部が酸素吸蔵能を有するOSC材をさらに含み、前記下流部における前記OSC材の重量割合が5重量%以上55重量%以下である、前記(1)又は(2)に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
(4)前記上流部が触媒金属としてPtを含む、前記(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
(1)反応場のクリアランスが所定の範囲に設定された反応器中で、Rh化合物の酸性溶液と、塩基性溶液とを反応させる方法(方法1)、及び
(2)Rh化合物の酸性溶液と、塩基性溶液とを混合して反応させた後、高速ミキサー中で撹拌処理する方法(方法2)。
1.触媒の調製
使用原料
材料1:Al2O3:4重量%-La2O3複合化Al2O3
材料2:ZY:84重量%-ZrO2、6重量%-La2O3、10重量%-Y2O3複合酸化物
材料3:Pt/Al2O3:Ptが材料1に担持された材料
材料4:粒径制御Rh分散液
材料5:Rh/ZY:Rhが材料2に担持された材料
材料6:粒径制御Rh/ZY:材料4のRhが材料2に担持された材料
材料7:ビーカー法Rh分散液
材料8:ビーカー法Rh/ZY:材料7のRhが材料2に担持された材料
材料9:ZC(OSC材):21重量%-CeO2、72重量%-ZrO2、1.7重量%-La2O3、5.3重量%-Y2O3複合酸化物
基材:875cc(400セル四角 壁厚4mil)のコージェライトハニカム基材
硝酸Pt溶液と材料1とを接触させた後、焼成することにより、担持量1.0重量%のPtが材料1に担持された材料3を得た。
イオン交換水50mL中に硝酸Rh(III)0.2gを加えて溶解し、Rh化合物の酸性溶液(pH1.0)を調製した。
硝酸Rh溶液と材料2とを接触させた後、焼成することにより、担持量0.45重量%のRhが材料2に担持された材料を得た。透過型電子顕微鏡によって測定したRh微粒子の平均粒径は0.70nmであった。
材料4と材料2とを接触させた後、焼成することにより、担持量0.45重量%のRhが材料2に担持された材料6を得た。透過型電子顕微鏡によって測定したRh微粒子の平均粒径は1.40nmであり、粒径の標準偏差σは0.48nmであった。この粒径制御Rhの粒径分布において、1.0nm未満の微細粒子の割合は、材料8のビーカー法Rhと比較して少なかった。
クリアランス調節部材を有する反応器を用いずに、Rh化合物の酸性溶液と有機塩基溶液との反応をビーカー中で行った以外は材料4の調製と同様にして、材料7を調製した。
材料6の調製と同様にして、材料7のRhが材料2に担持された材料8を調製した。透過型電子顕微鏡によって測定したRh微粒子の平均粒径は1.42nmであり、粒径の標準偏差σは0.94nmであった。
蒸留水に材料6、材料1、材料9及びAl2O3系バインダーを攪拌しながら投入し、これらの材料が懸濁したスラリー1を調製した。次に、調製したスラリー1を下流側端面から基材へ流し込み、ブロアーで不要分を吹き払い、基材壁面に材料をコーティングした。コート幅は下流側端面から基材全長の80%に調整した。また、コート量は、基材容量に対して材料6が40g/L、材料1が40g/L、材料9が35g/Lになるようにした。最後に、120℃の乾燥機で2時間乾燥した後、電気炉で500℃にて2時間焼成し、触媒コート層の下流部を調製した。
実施例1で用いたスラリー2を下流側端面から基材へ流し込み、ブロアーで不要分を吹き払い、基材壁面に材料をコーティングした。コート幅は80%に調整した。また、コート量は、基材容量に対して材料3が40g/L、材料9が60g/Lになるようにした。最後に、120℃の乾燥機で2時間乾燥した後、電気炉で500℃にて2時間焼成し、触媒コート層の下流部を調製した。
材料6を材料5に置き換えた以外は比較例1と同様にして、比較例2の触媒を調製した。
材料6を材料5に置き換えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例3の触媒を調製した。
材料6を材料8に置き換えた以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例4の触媒を調製した。
調製した各触媒について、実際のエンジンを用いて耐久試験を実施した。具体的には、耐久試験は、各触媒をV型8気筒エンジンの排気系にそれぞれ装着し、触媒床温900℃で46時間にわたり、ストイキ及びリーンの各雰囲気の排ガスを一定時間(3:1の比率)ずつ繰り返して流すことにより行った。
触媒床温500℃で空燃比(A/F)14.1、15.1の排ガスを交互に3分間切替で供給し、Ga=30g/sでのNOx浄化率を評価した。切替3回目のリッチ(A/F=14.1)で2分45秒経過時から15秒間のNOx浄化率を平均し、リッチ雰囲気でのNOx浄化率を算出した。表2に実施例1及び比較例1~4の触媒の詳細を示す。また、図3に、実施例1及び比較例1~4の触媒のリッチ雰囲気のNOx浄化率を示す。
実施例2及び3
粒径制御Rhの担持量を表1に示す通りに変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例2及び3の触媒を調製した。
Rhの担持量を表1に示す通りに変更した以外は比較例3と同様にして、比較例5及び6の触媒を調製した。
1.触媒の調製
実施例4~6
下流部の材料1、材料6及び材料9のコート量を表3に示す通りに変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例4~6の触媒を調製した。
下流部の材料1、材料5及び材料9のコート量を表3に示す通りに変更した以外は比較例3と同様にして、比較例7、9及び10の触媒を調製した。
材料5を材料8に置き換えた以外は比較例7と同様にして、比較例8の触媒を調製した。
調製した各触媒について、実際のエンジンを用いて耐久試験を実施した。具体的には、耐久試験は、各触媒をV型8気筒エンジンの排気系にそれぞれ装着し、触媒床温900℃で50時間にわたり、ストイキ及びリーンの各雰囲気の排ガスを一定時間(3:1の比率)ずつ繰り返して流すことにより行った。
触媒床温500℃で空燃比(A/F)14.1、15.1の排ガスを交互に3分間切替で供給し、Ga=30g/sでのNOx浄化率を評価した。切替4回目のリッチ(A/F=14.1)で2分45秒経過時から10秒間のNOx浄化率を平均し、リッチ雰囲気でのNOx浄化率を算出した。
11 基材
12 上流部
13 下流部
14 触媒コート層
20 排ガス浄化用触媒
21 基材
22 上流部
23 下流部
24 触媒コート層
Claims (4)
- 基材と、該基材上に形成された二層構造の触媒コート層を有する排ガス浄化用触媒であって、
前記触媒コート層が、排ガス流れ方向の上流側の上流部と下流側の下流部からなり、前記下流部の一部の上に前記上流部の一部又は全部が形成されており、
前記下流部が、透過型電子顕微鏡観察により測定された平均粒径が1.0nm以上2.0nm以下であり、且つ粒径の標準偏差σが0.8nm以下であるRh微粒子を含む、排ガス浄化用触媒。 - 前記下流部における前記Rh微粒子の含有量が、基材容量に対して0.01g/L以上0.7g/L以下である、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
- 前記下流部が酸素吸蔵能を有するOSC材をさらに含み、前記下流部における前記OSC材の重量割合が5重量%以上55重量%以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
- 前記上流部が触媒金属としてPtを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒。
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