JP6738185B2 - 排ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6738185B2 JP6738185B2 JP2016077475A JP2016077475A JP6738185B2 JP 6738185 B2 JP6738185 B2 JP 6738185B2 JP 2016077475 A JP2016077475 A JP 2016077475A JP 2016077475 A JP2016077475 A JP 2016077475A JP 6738185 B2 JP6738185 B2 JP 6738185B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst layer
- exhaust gas
- partition wall
- base material
- upstream
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 243
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- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 15
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 12
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
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Description
また、一般に、エンジン始動直後など排ガス温度が未だ低い場合、排ガス浄化用触媒は十分に暖機されていないため触媒の浄化性能が低下するという欠点がある。特に低温の排ガス中には燃料の未燃物質であるHCが多く含まれているため、エンジン始動直後の低温状態において良好なHC浄化性能を発揮し得る排ガス浄化用触媒が求められている。
基材10としては、従来のこの種の用途に用いられる種々の素材及び形態のものが使用可能である。例えば、コージェライト、炭化ケイ素(SiC)等のセラミックスまたは合金(ステンレス等)から形成された基材を好適に採用することができる。一例として外形が円筒形状(本実施形態)である基材が例示される。ただし、基材全体の外形については、円筒形に代えて、楕円筒形、多角筒形を採用してもよい。かかる基材10は、排ガス流入側の端部のみが開口した入側セル12と、該入側セル12に隣接し排ガス流出側の端部のみが開口した出側セル14と、入側セル12と出側セル14とを仕切る多孔質の隔壁16とを有している。
入側セル12は、排ガス流入側の端部のみが開口しており、出側セル14は、入側セル12に隣接し排ガス流出側の端部のみが開口している。この実施形態では、入側セル12は、排ガス流出側の端部が封止部12aで目封じされており、出側セル14は、排ガス流入側の端部が封止部14aで目封じされている。入側セル12および出側セル14は、フィルタ100に供給される排ガスの流量や成分を考慮して適当な形状および大きさに設定するとよい。例えば入側セル12および出側セル14の形状は、正方形、平行四辺形、長方形、台形などの矩形、三角形、その他の多角形(例えば、六角形、八角形)、円形など種々の幾何学形状であってよい。
隣接する入側セル12と出側セル14との間には、隔壁16が形成されている。この隔壁16によって入側セル12と出側セル14とが仕切られている。隔壁16は、排ガスが通過可能な多孔質構造である。隔壁16の気孔率としては特に限定されないが、概ね50%〜70%にすることが適当であり、好ましくは55%〜65%である。隔壁16の気孔率が小さすぎると、PMがすすり抜けてしまうことがあり、一方、隔壁16の気孔率が大きすぎると、フィルタ100の機械的強度が低下傾向になるため、好ましくない。隔壁16の厚みとしては特に限定されないが、概ね200μm〜800μm程度であるとよい。このような隔壁の厚みの範囲内であると、PMの捕集効率を損なうことなく圧損の上昇を抑制する効果が得られる。
図3に示すように、上流側触媒層20は、隔壁16の内部に設けられている。上流側触媒層20は、基材10の排ガス流入側の端部を含む上流側部分に配置されている。上流側触媒層20は、担体(図示省略)と、該担体に担持された貴金属(図示省略)とを備えている。
下流側触媒層30は、隔壁16の内部に設けられている。下流側触媒層30は、基材10の排ガス流出側の端部を含む下流側部分に配置されている。下流側触媒層30は、担体(図示省略)と、該担体に担持された貴金属(図示省略)とを備えている。
上流側触媒層にPdを含有しかつ下流側触媒層にRhを含有したパティキュレートフィルタを作製した。具体的には、上流側触媒層形成用の担体としてのセリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物を用意し、貴金属触媒溶液として硝酸Pd溶液に含浸させた後、蒸発乾固してPdを1.91質量%担持したPd/セリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物担体粉末を調製した。このPd/セリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物担体粉末62.2質量部と、アルミナ36.61質量部と、BaSO418.32質量部と、イオン交換水とを混合してスラリーAを調製した。次いで、このスラリーAを用いて、コージェライト基材(図2および図3に示すウォールフロー型基材:直径103mm、全長100mm)の排ガス流入側の端部から下流側に向かって基材の長さLの50%に当たる部分、かつ、入側セル12に接する隔壁16の表面から出側セル14側に向かって隔壁16の厚さの50%に当たる部分に吸引コートを施し、乾燥および焼成することにより、隔壁16の内部に上流側触媒層20を形成した。
基材の体積1L当たりの上流側触媒層のコート量を60g/L、基材の体積1L当たりの下流側触媒層のコート量を140g/L、上流側触媒層および下流側触媒層の総コート量に対する上流側触媒層のコート量の割合を30%に変更したこと以外は例1と同様にパティキュレートフィルタを作製した。
基材の体積1L当たりの上流側触媒層のコート量を80g/L、基材の体積1L当たりの下流側触媒層のコート量を120g/L、上流側触媒層および下流側触媒層の総コート量に対する上流側触媒層のコート量の割合を40%に変更したこと以外は例1と同様にパティキュレートフィルタを作製した。
基材の体積1L当たりの上流側触媒層のコート量を100g/L、基材の体積1L当たりの下流側触媒層のコート量を100g/L、上流側触媒層および下流側触媒層の総コート量に対する上流側触媒層のコート量の割合を50%に変更したこと以外は例1と同様にパティキュレートフィルタを作製した。
基材の体積1L当たりの上流側触媒層のコート量を120g/L、基材の体積1L当たりの下流側触媒層のコート量を80g/L、上流側触媒層および下流側触媒層の総コート量に対する上流側触媒層のコート量の割合を60%に変更したこと以外は例1と同様にパティキュレートフィルタを作製した。
基材の体積1L当たりの上流側触媒層のコート量を140g/L、基材の体積1L当たりの下流側触媒層のコート量を60g/L、上流側触媒層および下流側触媒層の総コート量に対する上流側触媒層のコート量の割合を70%に変更したこと以外は例1と同様にパティキュレートフィルタを作製した。
比較のために、上流側触媒層にRhを含有しかつ下流側触媒層にPdを含有したパティキュレートフィルタを作製した。具体的には、前述したスラリーBを用いて、コージェライト基材の排ガス流入側の端部から下流側に向かって基材の長さLの50%に当たる部分、かつ、入側セル12に接する隔壁16の表面から出側セル14側に向かって隔壁16の厚さの50%に当たる部分に吸引コートを施し、乾燥および焼成することにより、隔壁16の内部に上流側触媒層20を形成した。また、前述したスラリーAを用いて、上記基材の排ガス流出側の端部から上流側に向かって基材の長さLの50%に当たる部分、かつ、出側セル14に接する隔壁16の表面から入側セル12側に向かって隔壁16の厚さの50%に当たる部分に吸引コートを施し、乾燥および焼成することにより、隔壁16の内部に下流側触媒層30を形成した。例7では、基材の体積1L当たりの上流側触媒層のコート量を120g/L、下流側触媒層のコート量を80g/Lとした。この場合、上流側触媒層および下流側触媒層の総コート量に対する上流側触媒層のコート量の割合は60%である。
サンプル入り温度:480±5℃
エンジン回転数:2400±10rpm
吸入空気量:24.0±0.5g/s
A/F:ストイキ
開始温度:50±1℃
2 内燃機関
10 基材
12 入側セル
14 出側セル
16 隔壁
20 上流側触媒層
30 下流側触媒層
100 パティキュレートフィルタ
Claims (6)
- ガソリンエンジンの排気通路に配置され、該ガソリンエンジンから排出される排ガスを浄化する排ガス浄化装置であって、
排ガス流入側の端部のみが開口した入側セルと、該入側セルに隣接し排ガス流出側の端部のみが開口した出側セルと、前記入側セルと前記出側セルとを仕切る多孔質の隔壁とを有するウォールフロー構造の基材と、
前記隔壁の内部に設けられ、前記基材の排ガス流入側の端部を含む排ガス流通方向における上流側部分に配置された上流側触媒層と、
前記隔壁の内部に設けられ、前記基材の排ガス流出側の端部を含む排ガス流通方向における下流側部分に配置された下流側触媒層と
を備え、
前記上流側触媒層は、前記隔壁の断面の電子顕微鏡観察において、前記排ガス流通方向における前記基材の全長(L)のうちの前記排ガス流入側の端部から下流側へ向かう1/10の長さの範囲におけるコート量全体を100%としたとき、隔壁の内部に存在するコート量分が95%以上であり、
前記下流側触媒層は、前記隔壁の断面の電子顕微鏡観察において、前記排ガス流通方向における前記基材の全長(L)のうちの前記排ガス流出側の端部から上流側へ向かう1/10の長さの範囲におけるコート量全体を100%としたとき、隔壁の内部に存在するコート量分が95%以上であり、
前記下流側触媒層は、担体と、該担体に担持されたRhとを含んでおり、
前記上流側触媒層は、担体と、該担体に担持されたPdおよび/またはPtとを含んでいる、排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記基材の体積1L当たりの前記上流側触媒層のコート量と前記下流側触媒層のコート量との合計を100%とした場合に、前記上流側触媒層のコート量の割合が30%〜60%である、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記上流側触媒層は、前記基材の排ガス流入側の端部から下流側に向かって前記基材の長さの20%〜80%に当たる部分に形成されており、
前記下流側触媒層は、前記基材の排ガス排出側の端部から上流側に向かって前記基材の長さの20%〜80%に当たる部分に形成されている、請求項1または2に記載の排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記上流側触媒層は、前記基材の長さ方向において、前記下流側触媒層と重ならないように形成されている、請求項1〜3の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記隔壁の厚み方向において、
前記上流側触媒層は、前記入側セルに接し、かつ、前記出側セルに接しないように、前記隔壁の内部で偏在しており、
前記下流側触媒層は、前記出側セルに接し、かつ、前記入側セルに接しないように、前記隔壁の内部で偏在している、請求項1〜4の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記上流側触媒層は、前記入側セルに接する前記隔壁の表面から出側セル側に向かって前記隔壁の厚さの30%〜70%に当たる部分に形成されており、
前記下流側触媒層は、前記出側セルに接する前記隔壁の表面から入側セル側に向かって前記隔壁の厚さの30%〜70%に当たる部分に形成されている、請求項5に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
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EP3505245B1 (de) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-10-23 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Katalytisch aktives partikelfilter |
JP7211709B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-27 | 2023-01-24 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用三元触媒及びその製造方法、並びに一体構造型排ガス浄化用触媒 |
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