JP6279448B2 - 排ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6279448B2 JP6279448B2 JP2014213110A JP2014213110A JP6279448B2 JP 6279448 B2 JP6279448 B2 JP 6279448B2 JP 2014213110 A JP2014213110 A JP 2014213110A JP 2014213110 A JP2014213110 A JP 2014213110A JP 6279448 B2 JP6279448 B2 JP 6279448B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- catalyst
- catalyst part
- partition wall
- gas purification
- Prior art date
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
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- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
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Description
基材10としては、従来のこの種の用途に用いられる種々の素材及び形態のものが使用可能である。例えば、コージェライト、炭化ケイ素(SiC)等のセラミックスまたは合金(ステンレス等)から形成された基材を好適に採用することができる。一例として外形が円筒形状(本実施形態)である基材が例示される。ただし、基材全体の外形については、円筒形に代えて、楕円筒形、多角筒形を採用してもよい。かかる基材10は、排ガス流入側の端部のみが開口した入側セル12と、該入側セル12に隣接し排ガス流出側の端部のみが開口した出側セル14と、入側セル12と出側セル14とを仕切る多孔質の隔壁16とを有している。
入側セル12は、排ガス流入側の端部のみが開口しており、出側セル14は、入側セル12に隣接し排ガス流出側の端部のみが開口している。この実施形態では、入側セル12は、排ガス流出側の端部が封止部12aで目封じされており、出側セル14は、排ガス流入側の端部が封止部14aで目封じされている。入側セル12および出側セル14は、フィルタ100に供給される排ガスの流量や成分を考慮して適当な形状および大きさに設定するとよい。例えば入側セル12および出側セル14の形状は、正方形、平行四辺形、長方形、台形などの矩形、三角形、その他の多角形(例えば、六角形、八角形)、円形など種々の幾何学形状であってよい。
隣接する入側セル12と出側セル14との間には、隔壁16が形成されている。この隔壁16によって入側セル12と出側セル14とが仕切られている。隔壁16は、排ガスが通過可能な多孔質構造である。隔壁16の気孔率としては特に限定されないが、概ね50%〜70%にすることが適当であり、好ましくは55%〜65%である。隔壁16の気孔率が小さすぎると、圧力損失が増大してしまうことがあり、一方、隔壁16の気孔率が大きすぎると、フィルタ100の機械的強度が低下傾向になるため、好ましくない。隔壁16の厚みとしては特に限定されないが、概ね200μm〜800μm程度であるとよい。このような隔壁の厚みの範囲内であると、PMの捕集効率を損なうことなく圧損の上昇を抑制する効果が得られる。
第1触媒部20は、隔壁16の内部細孔18a、18bのうち小細孔18aの壁表面に形成されている。小細孔18aは、隔壁16内で複雑に入り組んだ経路(貫通していない迂回した経路)を形成しているため、排ガスが長く滞留する傾向がある。そのため、小細孔18aに第1触媒部20を形成することによって、排ガスを効率よく浄化することができる。第1触媒部20が形成された小細孔18aの細孔直径は、第2触媒部30が形成された大細孔18bの細孔直径よりも小さければよい。例えば、第1触媒部20が形成された小細孔18aの水銀圧入法もしくは電子顕微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope:SEM)での画像観察に基づく平均細孔直径は、概ね10μm以下(例えば0.1μm以上10μm以下)であることが好ましく、8μm以下であることがより好ましく、5μm以下であることが特に好ましい。このような小細孔18aの細孔直径の範囲内であると、小細孔18aに形成された第1触媒部20によって排ガスを効率よく浄化することができる。第1触媒部20によって浄化される有害成分としては特に限定されないが、例えばHC、COおよびNOxが例示される。第1触媒部20は、担体(図示省略)と、該担体に担持された貴金属(図示省略)とを備えている。
第2触媒部30は、隔壁16の内部細孔18a、18bのうち大細孔18bの壁表面に形成されている。大細孔18bは、隔壁16を厚み方向に連通しているため、排ガスが円滑に通過する傾向がある。そのため、大細孔18bに第2触媒部30を形成することによって、圧損の上昇を抑えつつ排ガスを浄化することができる。第2触媒部30が形成された大細孔18bの細孔直径は、第1触媒部20が形成された小細孔18aの細孔直径よりも大きければよい。例えば、第2触媒部30が形成された大細孔18bの水銀圧入法もしくは電子顕微鏡(SEM)での画像観察に基づく平均細孔直径は、概ね10μmを上回る(例えば10μmを超えかつ100μm以下である)ことが好ましく、15μm以上であることがより好ましく、20μm以上であることが特に好ましい。このような大細孔18bの細孔直径の範囲内であると、大細孔18bに形成された第2触媒部30によって圧損の上昇を抑えつつ排ガスを浄化することができる。第2触媒部30によって浄化される有害成分としては特に限定されないが、例えばHC、COおよびNOxが例示される。第2触媒部30は、担体(図示省略)と、該担体に担持された貴金属(図示省略)とを備えている。
第1触媒部20および第2触媒部30を形成するに際しては、第1触媒部20と、第2触媒部30とで異なるスラリーを基に形成するとよい。例えば、第1触媒部20を形成するための第1スラリーと、第2触媒部30を形成するための第2スラリーとを用意するとよい。
第1触媒部形成用の担体としてのセリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物を用意し、貴金属触媒溶液としてジニトロジアミンPt溶液に含浸させた後、蒸発乾固してPtを1.91質量%担持したPt/セリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物担体粉末を調製した。このPt/セリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物担体粉末62.2質量部と、La安定化アルミナ36.61質量部と、BaSO418.32質量部と、アルミナバインダ2.44質量部と、イオン交換水とを混合して第1スラリーを調製した。次いで、この第1スラリーにコージェライト製のウォールフロー型基材(直径103mm、全長105mm)を浸漬し、加圧したガスを吹き付けて余分なスラリーを吹き払った後、乾燥・焼成することにより、隔壁16の内部に第1触媒部20を形成した。基材の体積1L当たりの第1触媒部の質量は52.85gとし、基材の体積1L当たりのPtの質量は0.5251gとした。
比較のために、隔壁内部にPtとRhの混合触媒部を形成したフィルタ触媒を作製した。具体的には、Rh/アルミナ担体粉末36.9質量部と、セリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物36.61質量部と、Pt/セリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物担体粉末62.2質量部と、アルミナ36.61質量部と、BaSO418.32質量部と、イオン交換水とを混合して混合触媒部形成用スラリーを調製した。次いで、このスラリーにウォールフロー型基材を浸漬し、余分なスラリーを吹き払った後、乾燥・焼成することにより、隔壁の内部に混合触媒部を形成した。基材の体積1L当たりのPtおよびRhの質量は実施例と同条件とした。
2 内燃機関
10 基材
12 入側セル
14 出側セル
16 隔壁
18a 小細孔
18b 大細孔
20 第1触媒部
30 第2触媒部
100 パティキュレートフィルタ
Claims (7)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に配置され、該内燃機関から排出される排ガスを浄化する排ガス浄化装置であって、
排ガス流入側の端部のみが開口した入側セルと、該入側セルに隣接し排ガス流出側の端部のみが開口した出側セルと、前記入側セルと前記出側セルとを仕切る多孔質の隔壁とを有するウォールフロー構造の基材と、
前記隔壁の内部細孔のうち相対的に細孔径が小さい小細孔に形成された第1触媒部と、
前記隔壁の内部細孔のうち相対的に細孔径が大きい大細孔に形成された第2触媒部と
を備え、
前記第1触媒部は、担体と、該担体に担持されたPt、PdおよびRhのうちのいずれか1種または2種の貴金属とを含有し、
前記第2触媒部は、担体と、該担体に担持されたPt、PdおよびRhのうちのいずれか1種または2種の貴金属であって少なくとも前記第1触媒部に含まれる貴金属以外の貴金属とを含有する、排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記第1触媒部が形成された小細孔の平均細孔直径が10μm以下であり、
前記第2触媒部が形成された大細孔の平均細孔直径が10μmを上回り且つ100μm以下である、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記第1触媒部は、前記貴金属としてPtを含んでおり、
前記第2触媒部は、前記貴金属としてRhを含んでいる、請求項1または2に記載の排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記基材の体積1L当たりについて、
前記第1触媒部における前記Ptの含有量が、0.3g〜1gであり、
前記第2触媒部における前記Rhの含有量が、0.1g〜0.5gである、請求項1〜3の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記第1触媒部は、NOx吸蔵能を有するNOx吸収材を含んでいる、請求項3または4に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記第2触媒部は、酸素吸蔵能を有するOSC材を含んでいる、請求項3〜5の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記内燃機関は、ガソリンエンジンである、請求項1〜6の何れか一つに記載の排ガス浄化装置。
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