JP6651172B2 - バイオマス熱分解ガスからの水素回収方法 - Google Patents
バイオマス熱分解ガスからの水素回収方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6651172B2 JP6651172B2 JP2018535964A JP2018535964A JP6651172B2 JP 6651172 B2 JP6651172 B2 JP 6651172B2 JP 2018535964 A JP2018535964 A JP 2018535964A JP 2018535964 A JP2018535964 A JP 2018535964A JP 6651172 B2 JP6651172 B2 JP 6651172B2
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- gas
- hydrogen
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- carbon dioxide
- adsorption tower
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Description
(1)バイオマスを熱処理することにより得た熱分解ガスから水素を回収する方法であって、上記熱分解ガスから、加圧下において二酸化炭素を主として含むガスを吸着除去して、該熱分解ガスを精製する第1精製段階、及び、第1精製段階から得た精製ガスを、第1精製段階における圧力以下の圧力で、該精製ガスから、加圧下において二酸化炭素を含むガスを更に吸着除去して精製することにより、該精製ガスから水素を主として含むガスを回収する第2精製段階を含み、かつ、第2精製段階から回収された、水素を主として含むガスを、水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器に供給して、該容器中に高純度水素を貯蔵する水素貯蔵段階を更に含むことを特徴とする水素回収方法である。
(2)上記の水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器が、水素を燃料とする燃料電池を搭載した機器の水素貯蔵容器として、そのまま使用可能なカートリッジ形式である、上記(1)記載の水素回収方法、
(3)上記の水素を燃料とする燃料電池を搭載した機器が、自動車、バックアップ電源、無線機、携帯電話機、無人航空機及び家庭用熱電気供給システムより成る群から選ばれる、上記(2)記載の水素回収方法、
(4)上記水素吸蔵合金が、LaNi5、LaNi4.7Al0.3、TiFe 0.9Mn0.1、MmNi4.15Fe0.35、CaNi5、TiCrV及びLm-Ni系合金より成る群から選ばれる一つ以上である、上記(1)〜(3)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(5)上記水素貯蔵段階における圧力が、0.15MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)〜(4)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(6)上記水素貯蔵段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)〜(4)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(7)上記水素貯蔵段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.5MPa以下である、上記(1)〜(4)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(8)上記水素貯蔵段階が、2器以上の、水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器を備えており、ここで、第2精製段階から回収された、水素を主として含むガス中の水素を、一の、水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器中の水素吸蔵合金に吸蔵せしめて、該容器に貯蔵し、次いで、他の一の、水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器に切り替えて、水素を主として含むガス中の水素を該水素吸蔵合金に吸蔵せしめて、該容器に貯蔵しつつ、既に、水素の貯蔵を完了した上記の一の容器を取り除いて、新たな水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器と交換することにより、水素の貯蔵を継続する、上記(1)〜(7)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(9)上記水素貯蔵段階が、2〜5器の、水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器を備える、上記(1)〜(8)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(10)上記の水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器が、冷却及び/又は加熱可能な設備を備える、上記(1)〜(9)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(11)上記第1精製段階における圧力が、0.15MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)〜(10)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(12)上記第1精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)〜(10)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(13)上記第1精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.5MPa以下である、上記(1)〜(10)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(14)上記第2精製段階における圧力が、0.15MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)〜(13)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(15)上記第2精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)〜(13)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(16)上記第2精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.5MPa以下である、上記(1)〜(13)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(17)上記第1精製段階における圧力が、0.15MPa以上0.6MPa以下であり、かつ、上記第2精製段階における圧力が、0.15MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)〜(16)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(18)上記第1精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.6MPa以下であり、かつ、上記第2精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)〜(16)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(19)上記第1精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.6MPa以下であり、かつ、上記第2精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.5MPa以下である、上記(1)〜(16)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(20)上記第1精製段階、第2精製段階及び水素貯蔵段階における温度が、いずれも、0〜100℃の範囲である、上記(1)〜(19)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(21)上記第1精製段階、第2精製段階及び水素貯蔵段階における温度が、いずれも、10〜40℃の範囲である、上記(1)〜(19)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(22)上記第1精製段階、第2精製段階及び水素貯蔵段階における温度が、いずれも、環境温度である、上記(1)〜(19)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(23)上記第1精製段階において吸着除去した二酸化炭素を主として含むガスを回収する、上記(1)〜(22)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(24)上記第1精製段階における圧力と、上記第2精製段階における圧力との差圧が、0〜0.45MPaである、上記(1)〜(23)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(25)上記第1精製段階における圧力と、上記第2精製段階における圧力との差圧が、0〜0.4MPaである、上記(1)〜(23)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(26)上記第1精製段階における圧力と、上記第2精製段階における圧力との差圧が、0〜0.3MPaである、上記(1)〜(23)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(27)上記第1精製段階における圧力と、上記第2精製段階における圧力との差圧が、0〜0.2MPaである、上記(1)〜(23)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(28)上記第1精製段階における圧力と、上記第2精製段階における圧力との差圧が、0〜0.1MPaである、上記(1)〜(23)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(29)上記第1精製段階が2塔以上の吸着塔を備えており、ここで、一の吸着塔において、二酸化炭素を主として含むガスを吸着除去して熱分解ガスを精製し、次いで、他の一の吸着塔に切り替えて、二酸化炭素を主として含むガスを吸着除去して熱分解ガスを精製しつつ、既に、二酸化炭素を主として含むガスを吸着除去した上記一の吸着塔において、吸着除去した二酸化炭素を主として含むガスを、吸着塔内の圧力を低下させることにより脱着回収する、上記(1)〜(28)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(30)上記第1精製段階が2〜5塔の吸着塔を備える、上記(1)〜(29)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(31)上記第2精製段階が2塔以上の吸着塔を備えており、ここで、一の吸着塔において、二酸化炭素を含むガスを吸着除去して、第1精製段階において精製された熱分解ガスを更に精製し、次いで、他の一の吸着塔に切り替えて、二酸化炭素を含むガスを吸着除去して、第1精製段階において精製された熱分解ガスを更に精製しつつ、既に、二酸化炭素を含むガスを吸着除去した上記一の吸着塔において、吸着除去した二酸化炭素を含むガスを、吸着塔内の圧力を低下させることにより脱着回収する、上記(1)〜(30)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(32)上記第2精製段階が2〜5塔の吸着塔を備える、上記(1)〜(31)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(33)上記第1精製段階及び第2精製段階が、いずれも圧力変動吸着(PSA)装置により構成される、上記(1)〜(32)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(34)上記第1精製段階において二酸化炭素を主として含むガスの吸着除去に使用する吸着剤が、イモゴライト、非晶質アルミニウムケイ酸塩、活性炭、ゼオライト及び活性アルミナより成る群から選ばれる1つ以上である、上記(1)〜(33)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(35)上記第1精製段階において二酸化炭素を主として含むガスの吸着除去に使用する吸着剤が、イモゴライトである、上記(1)〜(33)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(36)上記第2精製段階において二酸化炭素を含むガスの吸着除去に使用する吸着剤が、イモゴライト、非晶質アルミニウムケイ酸塩、活性炭、ゼオライト及び活性アルミナより成る群から選ばれる1つ以上である、上記(1)〜(35)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(37)上記第2精製段階において二酸化炭素を含むガスの吸着除去に使用する吸着剤が、活性炭又はゼオライトである、上記(1)〜(35)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(38)上記第2精製段階において吸着除去される二酸化炭素を含むガスが、水素、二酸化炭素及びメタンを含むガスである、上記(1)〜(37)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(39)上記熱分解ガスが、バイオマスを熱処理することにより得た熱分解ガスを、更に、スチーム改質して得たガスを包含する、上記(1)〜(38)のいずれか一つに記載の方法
を挙げることができる。
バイオマス原料の熱分解及びガス改質には、直径:50ミリメートル、高さ:500ミリメートルの円筒状石英管を熱分解反応器として使用し、かつ、直径:50ミリメートル、高さ:500ミリメートルの円筒状ステンレス製管を改質反応器として使用した。上記熱分解反応器に、約1グラム(乾燥重量)の上記鉛筆製造廃木材を装入し、アルゴンガスを50ミリリットル/分で流通しつつ、550℃の温度で上記鉛筆製造廃木材の熱分解処理を実施した。次いで、得られた熱分解ガスの全量を上記改質反応器に送り込み、同時に、蒸留水を0.04ミリリットル/分の量で上記改質反応器の加熱ゾーンに供給して蒸発させることにより水蒸気とし、950℃の温度で熱分解ガスの改質を実施した。これによりアルゴンガスと改質ガスとの混合ガスが8.25リットル(0℃、1atm基準)得られた。ここで、該混合ガス中、改質ガスが3.18リットルであり、アルゴンガスが5.07リットルであった。該混合ガスをガスクロマトグラフィー[島津製作所製GC−14A(商標)、キャリアーガス:アルゴン]を使用して分析した。該混合ガス中に含まれる改質ガスの組成は、下記の表2に示す通りであり、水素濃度は61.42体積%であり、一方、二酸化炭素濃度は23.02体積%であり、一酸化炭素濃度は8.89体積%であり、メタン濃度は6.67体積%であった。上記ガスクロマトグラフィーによる分析においては、キャリアーガスとしてアルゴンを使用していることから、分析に供した混合ガス中のアルゴンは検出されない。次いで、上記のようにして得られた熱分解後の改質ガスを使用して水素ガスを回収するガス精製試験を実施した。また、上記改質ガスの製造は、下記において説明するガス精製試験を十分に実施し得るガス量を得るべく繰り返して実施された。
II 第2精製段階
III バイオマス熱処理段階
IV 水素貯蔵段階
a バイオマス
b 熱分解ガス
c 第1精製ガス
d 第2精製ガス(水素を主として含むガス)
e 二酸化炭素を主として含むガス
f 二酸化炭素を含むガス
g 水素吸蔵段階オフガス
h 水素吸蔵合金に吸蔵させたガス(高純度水素)
A 第1精製段階
B 第2精製段階
C 水素貯蔵段階
L1 第1精製ガス
L2 二酸化炭素を主として含む第1精製段階オフガス
L3 第2精製ガス
L4 二酸化炭素を含む第2精製段階オフガス
L5 水素吸蔵合金に吸蔵させたガス(高純度水素)
L6 水素吸蔵段階オフガス
10 第1精製段階のコンプレッサー
11 第1精製段階の第1吸着塔
12 第1精製段階の第2吸着塔
13 第1精製段階の第3吸着塔
14 第1精製段階の第4吸着塔
VI11 第1吸着塔入口バルブ
VI12 第2吸着塔入口バルブ
VI13 第3吸着塔入口バルブ
VI14 第4吸着塔入口バルブ
VO11 第1吸着塔出口バルブ
VO12 第2吸着塔出口バルブ
VO13 第3吸着塔出口バルブ
VO14 第4吸着塔出口バルブ
VM11 第1吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
VM12 第2吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
VM13 第3吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
VM14 第4吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
20 第2精製段階のコンプレッサー
21 第2精製段階の第1吸着塔
22 第2精製段階の第2吸着塔
23 第2精製段階の第3吸着塔
24 第2精製段階の第4吸着塔
VI21 第1吸着塔入口バルブ
VI22 第2吸着塔入口バルブ
VI23 第3吸着塔入口バルブ
VI24 第4吸着塔入口バルブ
VO21 第1吸着塔出口バルブ
VO22 第2吸着塔出口バルブ
VO23 第3吸着塔出口バルブ
VO24 第4吸着塔出口バルブ
VM21 第1吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
VM22 第2吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
VM23 第3吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
VM24 第4吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
31 中間タンク
32 中間タンク
30 水素吸蔵段階のコンプレッサー
101 水素吸蔵段階の第1吸着塔
102 水素吸蔵段階の第2吸着塔
103 水素吸蔵段階の第3吸着塔
104 水素吸蔵段階の第4吸着塔
VI31 第1吸着塔入口バルブ
VI32 第2吸着塔入口バルブ
VI33 第3吸着塔入口バルブ
VI34 第4吸着塔入口バルブ
VO31 第1吸着塔出口バルブ
VO32 第2吸着塔出口バルブ
VO33 第3吸着塔出口バルブ
VO34 第4吸着塔出口バルブ
VM31 第1吸着塔吸蔵ガス抜出しバルブ
VM32 第2吸着塔吸蔵ガス抜出しバルブ
VM33 第3吸着塔吸蔵ガス抜出しバルブ
VM34 第4吸着塔吸蔵ガス抜出しバルブ
Claims (5)
- バイオマスを熱処理することにより得た熱分解ガスから水素を回収する方法であって、上記熱分解ガスから、加圧下において二酸化炭素を主として含むガスを吸着除去して、該熱分解ガスを精製する第1精製段階、及び、第1精製段階から得た精製ガスを、第1精製段階における圧力以下の圧力で、該精製ガスから、加圧下において二酸化炭素を含むガスを更に吸着除去して精製することにより、該精製ガスから水素を主として含むガスを回収する第2精製段階を含み、かつ、第2精製段階から回収された、水素を主として含むガスを、水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器に供給して、該容器中に高純度水素を貯蔵する水素貯蔵段階を更に含み、かつ、上記第1精製段階、第2精製段階及び水素貯蔵段階における圧力が、いずれも、0.15MPa以上0.6MPa以下の範囲内であることを特徴とする水素回収方法。
- 上記の水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器が、水素を燃料とする燃料電池を搭載した機器の水素貯蔵容器として、そのまま使用可能なカートリッジ形式である、請求項1記載の水素回収方法。
- 上記の水素を燃料とする燃料電池を搭載した機器が、自動車、バックアップ電源、無線機、携帯電話機、無人航空機及び家庭用熱電気供給システムより成る群から選ばれる、請求項2記載の水素回収方法。
- 上記第1精製段階における圧力と、上記第2精製段階における圧力との差圧が、0〜0.3MPaである、請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法。
- 上記熱分解ガスが、バイオマスを熱処理することにより得た熱分解ガスを、更に、スチーム改質して得たガスを包含する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
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CN110559800A (zh) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-12-13 | 清华大学 | 一种中温储氢合金制备及变压吸附净化方法 |
CN110668400B (zh) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-12-30 | 深圳市图灵科创产业发展有限公司 | 一种生物质制氢洗气一体化装置 |
CN113526460B (zh) * | 2021-07-30 | 2024-01-26 | 浙江领潮智能设备有限公司 | 一种热解有机固废提取氢气的装置和方法 |
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MY190154A (en) | 2022-03-31 |
CA3033841C (en) | 2023-09-26 |
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