WO2018037481A1 - バイオマス熱分解ガスからの水素回収方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2018037481A1 WO2018037481A1 PCT/JP2016/074542 JP2016074542W WO2018037481A1 WO 2018037481 A1 WO2018037481 A1 WO 2018037481A1 JP 2016074542 W JP2016074542 W JP 2016074542W WO 2018037481 A1 WO2018037481 A1 WO 2018037481A1
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- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
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- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
- C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
- C10K1/005—Carbon dioxide
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for recovering hydrogen from biomass pyrolysis gas. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for purifying and recovering hydrogen from pyrolysis gas obtained by heat-treating biomass, and simultaneously purifying the purified hydrogen, for example, using hydrogen as fuel.
- the present invention relates to a method for storing a hydrogen storage container in a container that can be used as it is as a hydrogen storage container of a device equipped with a fuel cell.
- the term “pyrolysis gas” includes not only the pyrolysis gas obtained by heat-treating the above biomass but also a gas obtained by further steam reforming the pyrolysis gas.
- a lithium ion battery is used as the power source.
- the performance of lithium ion batteries has been improved.
- As a measure for extending the usage time of a portable terminal device there is an increase in the performance of a lithium ion battery.
- a portable terminal in which a small fuel cell and a hydrogen storage container (for example, a cartridge) are integrated.
- Power supply devices are also being developed and marketed.
- hydrogen storage containers containers such as hydrogen storage alloys, carbon / porous materials, inorganic complex materials, and organic chemical hydrides have been studied. Thus, in recent years, hydrogen has been attracting attention in various industries, and its demand is expected to increase greatly.
- Conventionally known methods for producing hydrogen include, for example, a method for separating and recovering hydrogen from coke oven gas, a method for separating and recovering hydrogen from blast furnace gas, and hydrogen from naphtha reformed gas generated in petroleum refining complexes. Examples thereof include a method for separating and collecting, a method for separating and collecting hydrogen generated from a salt electric field, and a method for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water. Recently, techniques such as a method for separating and recovering hydrogen from methanol reformed gas or a method for separating and recovering hydrogen from natural gas and methane gas reforming have been established and put into practical use.
- Recent new efforts include a method for producing hydrogen from algae using hydrogen-fermenting bacteria, electrolysis of water using power generated from solar power, wind power, and small hydropower, called Power to Gas.
- a method for producing hydrogen, a method for separating and recovering hydrogen obtained from pyrolysis gas of biomass, and the like have been proposed and partially verified.
- Hydrogen storage technology and transport technology include filling and storing and transporting high-pressure gas cylinders, and hydrogenating organic solvents such as naphthalene or toluene.
- organic solvents such as naphthalene or toluene.
- naphthalene is tetralin
- toluene is methyl.
- a method of transporting as cyclohexane and chemically separating it into naphthalene and hydrogen, or toluene and hydrogen, respectively, at a customer's site and using hydrogen has been proposed.
- the obtained hydrogen is used as another gas, for example, a hydrocarbon gas such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, or toluene, naphthalene. It is necessary to separate and collect from the etc.
- a hydrocarbon gas such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, or toluene, naphthalene.
- a gas separation method for blast furnace gas containing carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon monoxide wherein the adsorption capacity of carbon dioxide is the largest, and the adsorption capacity of hydrogen is larger than the adsorption capacities of carbon monoxide and nitrogen.
- PSA Pressure Swing Adsorption
- a method for separating blast furnace gas in which hydrogen is mainly recovered as a non-adsorbed gas is disclosed (Patent Document 1).
- a one-stage PSA separation method and apparatus having three adsorption towers are used, and thereby carbon dioxide and hydrogen are separated from blast furnace gas.
- This method is a one-stage system, and the pressure is relatively low at 300 kPa, but the hydrogen concentration in the recovered gas is not as high as 60 to 70%.
- a hydrogen production apparatus including a return unit for returning and a carbon dioxide extraction unit for extracting a carbon dioxide rich gas from the reforming reaction tube by decompressing the reforming reaction tube (Patent Document 2).
- a hydrogen-containing gas is produced by a reformer using hydrocarbon as a raw material, and the produced hydrogen-containing gas is separated into hydrogen and a concentrated impurity gas in which gas components other than hydrogen are concentrated by a hydrogen purifier (PSA).
- PSA hydrogen purifier
- a hydrogen production apparatus for recovering the produced hydrogen as high-purity hydrogen the combustible component in the concentrated impurity gas is burned by a combustion apparatus, and carbon dioxide in the combustion gas is removed by a decarbonation apparatus
- Patent Document 3 A method for reducing carbon dioxide emission in the apparatus is disclosed (Patent Document 3).
- a carbon dioxide adsorbent for example, a calcium oxide adsorbent
- a carbon dioxide adsorbent is filled in the decarboxylation device, and carbon dioxide can be adsorbed and removed, but the adsorbed carbon dioxide cannot be reused.
- the adsorbent after use can be reused as a cement solidifying material, but there is a problem that it cannot be reused as an adsorbent.
- Natural gas in the form of liquefied natural gas is steam reformed into hydrogen-rich reformed gas, and hydrogen is separated and purified from this reformed gas, mainly off-gas containing combustibles separated in the hydrogen purification process.
- pure oxygen or a high-concentration separated by deep cooling using liquefied cold heat of liquefied natural gas as an oxidant for off-gas combustion in the reforming process Introduce oxygen and increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the flue gas generated by this combustion, easily separate and recover the carbon dioxide from the flue gas in liquid state, and precool the separated and purified hydrogen with liquefied natural gas
- this hydrogen is liquefied by cooling with liquefied nitrogen obtained by cryogenic air separation, and the liquefied natural gas after being used for precooling of hydrogen is used for liquefying carbon dioxide, thereby reforming the hydrogen.
- Liquefaction characterized by being supplied to O 2 hydrogen production methods involving recovery has been disclosed (
- Hydrogen production and carbon dioxide recovery method for producing hydrogen from carbon-containing fuel and recovering carbon dioxide, and hydrogen-containing gas production process for reforming carbon-containing fuel to obtain hydrogen-containing gas containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide Separating the hydrogen-containing gas into a first hydrogen-enriched gas, which is a gas enriched with hydrogen, and a PSA offgas, which is a gas enriched with components other than hydrogen, using a pressure swing adsorption device; PSA process: using a carbon dioxide separation membrane, the PSA off-gas is separated from carbon dioxide-enriched gas, which is a gas enriched with carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide, which is a gas enriched with components other than carbon dioxide A carbon dioxide membrane separation step for separating into a membrane off gas; and using a hydrogen separation membrane, the carbon dioxide separation membrane off gas is converted into a second hydrogen-enriched gas, which is a hydrogen-enriched gas, and hydrogen Hydrogen production and carbon dioxide recovery process comprising a hydrogen membrane separation step of the outer component is separated into a hydrogen separation membrane off-gas is a gas enriched is disclosed (P
- Patent Document 6 A method for purifying hydrogen gas containing an impure gas using a hydrogen storage alloy has been proposed (Patent Document 6).
- hydrogen gas containing impurities is supplied to the hydrogen storage alloy to store the hydrogen gas, and after removing the impurities, the hydrogen storage alloy is heated to release hydrogen. Operation is also required.
- a hydrogen storage / release process for recovering hydrogen from off-gas from the second removal process, and the high-purity hydrogen and the hydrogen from the hydrogen storage / release process are washed for regeneration of the adsorbent in the above process.
- Patent Document 7 There has been proposed a method of using it as a gas and a gas for boosting an adsorption tower (Patent Document 7). This method is intended to reduce the loss of product hydrogen and to recover high purity hydrogen from the reformed gas at a high recovery rate.
- the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage alloy is used for regeneration of the adsorbent, the amount of hydrogen recovered must be low. Further, the hydrogen release temperature from the hydrogen storage alloy is as high as 200 ° C.
- Japanese Patent No. 5647388 Japanese Patent No. 5134252 JP 2004-292240 A Japanese Patent No. 3670229 Japanese Patent No. 5039408 Japanese Patent No. 3898754 Japanese Patent No. 5690165 International Publication No. 2015/011826 International application JP2015 / 080452 Japanese Patent No. 4246456 Japanese Patent No. 5463050
- the present invention uses a relatively low pressure from a pyrolysis gas obtained by heat treating biomass to adsorb and remove hydrocarbon gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, etc. Can be efficiently recovered, and at the same time, the recovered high-concentration hydrogen gas can be used as it is as a predetermined container, preferably as a hydrogen storage container for a device equipped with a fuel cell using hydrogen as a fuel.
- the present invention provides a hydrogen recovery method that can be stored in a cartridge-type container.
- the above prior art is a method for separating and recovering hydrogen and carbon dioxide from a mixed gas containing hydrogen and a hydrocarbon gas such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane.
- a separation device a plurality of adsorption towers are used.
- a so-called multi-column single-stage adsorption separation type PSA apparatus that is installed in parallel and used is used.
- an adsorbent or a separation membrane is separately used in combination.
- hydrogen can be separated and recovered at a relatively low pressure, but the concentration of hydrogen in the recovered gas cannot be said to be sufficiently high.
- the present inventors are a method for recovering hydrogen from a pyrolysis gas obtained by heat-treating biomass, and adsorbing and removing carbon dioxide from the pyrolysis gas under pressure. Then, the first purification stage for purifying the pyrolysis gas, and the purified gas obtained from the first purification stage are further pressurized while maintaining the pressure in the first purification stage, and from the purified gas under pressure Including a second purification stage for recovering hydrogen from the purified gas by adsorption and removal of a gas other than hydrogen, and recovering the carbon dioxide adsorbed and removed in the first purification stage.
- Patent Document 8 proposes a hydrogen recovery method according to this method, it is possible to recover a high concentration of hydrogen from biomass pyrolysis gas at a relatively low pressure.
- the inventors of the present invention preferably use a so-called multi-column two-stage adsorption separation type PSA apparatus for hydrogen recovery, even if the pressure in the second purification stage is not more than the pressure in the first purification stage. Even if the pressure in both the first purification stage and the second purification stage is set to a low pressure of 0.15 MPa or more and 0.6 MPa or less, hydrocarbon gas such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane from biomass pyrolysis gas And the like, and it has been found that a gas having a high hydrogen concentration can be recovered (Patent Document 9). According to this method, compared to the method described in Patent Document 8, it is possible to recover a high concentration of hydrogen from biomass pyrolysis gas at a lower pressure, which is more efficient and economical. Operation is possible.
- a container filled with a hydrogen storage alloy is formed into a cartridge type that can be used as it is as a hydrogen storage container of a device equipped with a fuel cell using hydrogen as a fuel
- the container storing hydrogen can be used as it is for a predetermined use. Therefore, the present invention has been completed by finding that it can be streamlined from hydrogen purification to use extremely efficiently.
- the present invention (1) A method for recovering hydrogen from a pyrolysis gas obtained by heat-treating biomass, wherein a gas mainly containing carbon dioxide is adsorbed and removed from the pyrolysis gas under pressure.
- the first purification stage to be purified and the purified gas obtained from the first purification stage are further subjected to adsorption and removal of a gas containing carbon dioxide under pressure from the purified gas at a pressure equal to or lower than the pressure in the first purification stage.
- (3) The device according to (2) above, wherein the device equipped with the fuel cell using hydrogen as a fuel is selected from the group consisting of an automobile, a backup power source, a radio, a mobile phone, an unmanned aircraft, and a home thermoelectric supply system.
- the hydrogen storage alloy is one or more selected from the group consisting of LaNi 5 , LaNi 4.7 Al 0.3 , TiFe 0.9 Mn 0.1 , MmNi 4.15 Fe 0.35 , CaNi 5 , TiCrV, and Lm—Ni alloy.
- the hydrogen recovery method includes two or more containers filled with a hydrogen storage alloy.
- hydrogen in a gas mainly containing hydrogen recovered from the second purification stage The hydrogen storage alloy in the container filled with the hydrogen storage alloy is stored and stored in the container, and then switched to the other container filled with the hydrogen storage alloy to mainly contain hydrogen. While storing the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage alloy and storing it in the container, the one container that has already completed the storage of hydrogen is removed and replaced with a container filled with a new hydrogen storage alloy.
- the hydrogen recovery method according to any one of (1) to (7) above, wherein hydrogen storage is continued.
- the hydrogen storage stage comprises 2 to 5 containers filled with a hydrogen storage alloy
- the container filled with the hydrogen storage alloy is provided with equipment capable of cooling and / or heating.
- the method according to any one of (18) The pressure in the first purification stage is 0.2 MPa or more and 0.6 MPa or less, and the pressure in the second purification stage is 0.2 MPa or more and 0.6 MPa or less. (16) The method according to any one of (19) The pressure in the first purification stage is 0.2 MPa or more and 0.6 MPa or less, and the pressure in the second purification stage is 0.2 MPa or more and 0.5 MPa or less. (16) The method according to any one of (20) The method according to any one of (1) to (19) above, wherein the temperatures in the first purification stage, the second purification stage, and the hydrogen storage stage are all in the range of 0 to 100 ° C.
- Collection method (25) The hydrogen according to any one of (1) to (23), wherein a differential pressure between the pressure in the first purification stage and the pressure in the second purification stage is 0 to 0.4 MPa. Collection method, (26) The hydrogen according to any one of (1) to (23), wherein a differential pressure between the pressure in the first purification stage and the pressure in the second purification stage is 0 to 0.3 MPa. Collection method, (27) The hydrogen according to any one of (1) to (23), wherein a pressure difference between the pressure in the first purification stage and the pressure in the second purification stage is 0 to 0.2 MPa.
- Collection method The hydrogen according to any one of (1) to (23), wherein a differential pressure between the pressure in the first purification stage and the pressure in the second purification stage is 0 to 0.1 MPa.
- Collection method, (29) The first purification stage includes two or more adsorption towers. Here, in one adsorption tower, a gas mainly containing carbon dioxide is adsorbed and removed to purify the pyrolysis gas, and then the other While switching to one adsorption tower and purifying the pyrolysis gas by adsorbing and removing the gas mainly containing carbon dioxide, it was adsorbed and removed in the one adsorption tower that had already adsorbed and removed the gas mainly containing carbon dioxide.
- the hydrogen recovery method according to any one of (1) to (28) above, wherein a gas mainly containing carbon dioxide is desorbed and recovered by reducing the pressure in the adsorption tower, (30)
- the second purification stage includes two or more adsorption towers.
- the gas containing carbon dioxide is adsorbed and removed, and the pyrolysis purified in the first purification stage.
- the gas is further refined, then switched to another adsorption tower, the gas containing carbon dioxide is adsorbed and removed, and the pyrolysis gas purified in the first purification stage is further purified, while already carbon dioxide.
- Hydrogen recovery method according to (32) The method according to any one of (1) to (31) above, wherein the second purification step comprises 2 to 5 adsorption towers, (33) The method according to any one of (1) to (32) above, wherein each of the first purification stage and the second purification stage is constituted by a pressure fluctuation adsorption (PSA) apparatus, (34)
- PSA pressure fluctuation adsorption
- One or more adsorbents selected from the group consisting of imogolite, amorphous aluminum silicate, activated carbon, zeolite and activated alumina are used for adsorbing and removing the gas mainly containing carbon dioxide in the first purification step.
- the hydrogen recovery method of the present invention is capable of recovering a high concentration of hydrogen gas using a relatively low pressure, and in addition, special substances or devices such as those used in the prior art, such as adsorption Since it is not necessary to combine the agent, the separation membrane, etc., not only the operation cost such as the power consumption can be greatly reduced but also the device cost can be greatly reduced. In addition, since the operation pressure is low, the safety in operation can be significantly increased. Moreover, since the power consumption can be reduced as a whole, it can also contribute to the reduction of the amount of carbon dioxide generated indirectly.
- hydrogen storage can be used as it is as a hydrogen storage container of a device equipped with a fuel cell. Since it is performed in a cartridge-type container, it is possible to recover and store hydrogen and use it very efficiently.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall flow of the hydrogen recovery method of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a hydrogen purification storage apparatus (first purification stage, second purification stage, and hydrogen storage stage) that can be used in the hydrogen recovery method of the present invention.
- the hydrogen recovery method of the present invention includes a first purification stage in which a gas mainly containing carbon dioxide is adsorbed and removed from a pyrolysis gas obtained by heat-treating biomass, and a purified gas obtained in the first purification stage.
- biomass (a) is charged into a biomass heat treatment stage (III) (heat treatment apparatus) to generate pyrolysis gas (b).
- the pyrolysis gas (b) may be a gas obtained by further steam reforming a pyrolysis gas obtained by heat-treating biomass, that is, a reformed gas.
- the generated pyrolysis gas (b) is charged into the first purification stage (I), where a gas (e) mainly containing carbon dioxide contained in the pyrolysis gas (b),
- a gas (e) mainly containing carbon dioxide contained in the pyrolysis gas (b) For example, gas containing mainly carbon dioxide and other carbon monoxide, methane, hydrogen, and the like is adsorbed and removed by the adsorbent.
- the purified gas from which the gas (e) mainly containing carbon dioxide (e) is removed hereinafter sometimes referred to as “first purified gas”) (c) is then charged into the second purification stage (II).
- a gas (f) containing carbon dioxide for example, a gas containing hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane, and optionally carbon monoxide is adsorbed and removed by the adsorbent.
- the gas (e) mainly containing carbon dioxide adsorbed in the first purification stage (I) and the gas (f) containing carbon dioxide adsorbed in the second purification stage (II) are adsorbents. It is desorbed and collected separately.
- the gas mainly containing hydrogen from which the gas mainly containing carbon dioxide (e) and the gas containing carbon dioxide (f) have been removed hereinafter sometimes referred to as “second purified gas”.
- the hydrogen storage stage (IV) is charged.
- the hydrogen storage stage off-gas contains the largest amount of carbon dioxide by volume in the gas, and may contain methane, and trace amounts of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
- first, mainly carbon dioxide (gas mainly containing carbon dioxide) is adsorbed and removed from the biomass pyrolysis gas. Also, moisture in the biomass pyrolysis gas can be adsorbed and removed.
- the adsorption removal is performed under pressure.
- the upper limit of the pressure is preferably 0.6 MPa, more preferably 0.5 MPa, and the lower limit is preferably 0.15 MPa, more preferably 0.2 MPa. If it is less than the said minimum, since the adsorption capacity of adsorption agent falls, it is not preferable. Even below the lower limit, it is possible to adsorb and desorb a gas mainly containing carbon dioxide.
- the operation temperature in the first purification stage that is, the operation temperature for simultaneously adsorbing hydrocarbon gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane is preferably 0 to 100 ° C., more preferably 10 to 40 ° C. is there.
- the operation is usually performed at ambient temperature.
- the adsorbent in the first purification stage is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of imogolite, amorphous aluminum silicate, activated carbon, zeolite and activated alumina, more preferably imogolite, amorphous aluminum silicate.
- One or more selected from the group consisting of acid salts, activated carbon and zeolite are used. These can be used as a single layer or by stacking a plurality of them. More preferably, a single layer of imogolite or a single layer of amorphous aluminum silicate is used.
- the amorphous aluminum silicate a synthetic amorphous aluminum silicate (synthetic imogolite) is preferably used as the synthetic amorphous aluminum silicate.
- a commercially available product for example, Haskray (registered trademark) manufactured by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the first purification stage 30 to 80% by volume of carbon dioxide present in the biomass pyrolysis gas can be removed.
- 20 to 40% by volume of carbon dioxide is present in the biomass pyrolysis gas, and therefore, the volume of carbon dioxide present in the biomass pyrolysis gas is reduced to about 5 by purification in the first purification stage. It can be reduced to ⁇ 35% by volume.
- carbon dioxide and other gases gas mainly containing carbon dioxide
- the first purification stage is preferably constituted by a pressure fluctuation adsorption (PSA) device.
- the adsorption tower (PSA adsorption tower) filled with the adsorbent is preferably provided with 2 or more towers, more preferably 2 to 5 towers.
- One method is a so-called continuous method.
- the biomass pyrolysis gas is pressurized to the above pressure and continuously circulated through the one adsorption tower for a predetermined time while being maintained at the same pressure.
- a gas mainly containing carbon dioxide In the adsorption tower, a gas mainly containing carbon dioxide, and Optionally, water is adsorbed and removed by the adsorbent, and unadsorbed gas, ie, purified gas, is continuously removed.
- the biomass pyrolysis gas is continuously circulated for a predetermined time in the same manner as described above, and the gas mainly containing carbon dioxide is adsorbed in the other adsorption tower.
- the purified gas is continuously removed.
- the one adsorption tower that has already completed the adsorption operation is depressurized, and the gas mainly containing adsorbed carbon dioxide is desorbed and recovered. Thereafter, in the one adsorption tower, if necessary, the adsorbent is regenerated and the biomass pyrolysis gas is circulated again. These operations are sequentially repeated.
- the switching from the one adsorption tower to the other adsorption tower is performed by reducing the decrease time (breakthrough time) of the adsorption capacity of carbon dioxide or the like by the adsorbent packed in the one adsorption tower. Considering this, it is performed in a time within a range where the adsorption capacity does not decrease. The time depends on the amount of biomass pyrolysis gas and the amount of carbon dioxide and the like in the biomass, the capacity of the adsorption tower, the kind and amount of the adsorbent packed therein, and usually 2 to 30. About a minute.
- the time is usually measured by measuring the carbon dioxide concentration in the first purified gas after removal and the carbon dioxide concentration in the gas recovered by adsorption removal in the first purification stage, and removing the first purified gas after removal. It is experimentally determined in advance so that the concentration of carbon dioxide therein is minimized.
- the hydrogen or carbon dioxide concentration in the first purified gas flowing out from the adsorption tower is measured continuously or intermittently, and when the hydrogen concentration in the first purified gas falls below a predetermined value, or When the carbon concentration exceeds a predetermined value, switching from one adsorption tower to another adsorption tower can be performed.
- the carbon dioxide mainly adsorbed and removed is mainly contained in the one adsorption tower in which the gas mainly containing carbon dioxide is already adsorbed and removed.
- the gas is recovered by desorption from the adsorbent by reducing the pressure in the tower, preferably to approximately atmospheric pressure.
- Biomass pyrolysis gas is pressurized and packed in one adsorption tower at the pressure described above, and held at the pressure for a predetermined time.
- a gas mainly containing carbon dioxide and optionally water is adsorbed. It is adsorbed and removed by the agent.
- the biomass pyrolysis gas is charged and held for a predetermined time, and the gas mainly containing carbon dioxide is adsorbed in the other adsorption tower. Removed.
- the one adsorption tower that has already completed the adsorption operation is depressurized to a predetermined pressure, and unadsorbed gas, that is, purified gas is taken out. Thereafter, the one adsorption tower is further depressurized, and the adsorbed gas mainly containing carbon dioxide is desorbed and recovered. Thereafter, in the one adsorption tower, the adsorbent is regenerated if necessary, and the biomass pyrolysis gas is filled and held again. These operations are sequentially repeated.
- the switching from the one adsorption tower to the other adsorption tower involves the adsorption capacity of carbon dioxide or the like by the adsorbent packed in one adsorption tower and the heat of the filled biomass.
- the packed adsorbent is carried out in a sufficient time to adsorb carbon dioxide and the like. The time depends on the amount of the biomass pyrolysis gas charged and the amount of carbon dioxide therein, the capacity of the adsorption tower, the kind and amount of the adsorbent packed therein, etc., but usually 2-30. About a minute.
- the time is usually measured by measuring the carbon dioxide concentration in the first purified gas after adsorption removal and the carbon dioxide concentration in the gas recovered by adsorption removal in the first purification stage, and the first purification after removal. It is experimentally determined in advance so that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas is minimized.
- the hydrogen or carbon dioxide concentration in the gas in the adsorption tower is measured continuously or intermittently. When the hydrogen concentration in the gas in the adsorption tower exceeds a predetermined value, or the carbon dioxide concentration is predetermined. When the value becomes less than the value, switching from one adsorption tower to another adsorption tower can be performed.
- the pressure in one adsorption tower is reduced to a predetermined pressure, and unadsorbed gas, that is, purified gas is taken out from the one adsorption tower.
- the predetermined pressure is such that the adsorbed and removed gas such as carbon dioxide is not desorbed in consideration of the type of adsorbent filled, the pore volume and specific surface area, the maximum pressure during the adsorption operation, and the operation temperature.
- the range is determined experimentally in advance. Usually, it is about 0.15 to 0.3 MPa.
- the gas mainly containing carbon dioxide adsorbed and removed is desorbed from the adsorbent and recovered.
- the purified gas (first purified gas) obtained from the first purification stage is subjected to the second purification while the pressure in the first purification stage is maintained or the pressure is reduced below the pressure. Charged to the stage.
- a container is provided between the first purification stage and the second purification stage, and the first purified gas is decompressed at one end, preferably 0.1 to 0.3 MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 0.00.
- the pressure can be reduced to 2 MPa, and then the pressure can be increased again by a pressurizing device, for example, a compressor, and charged into the second purification stage.
- a gas containing carbon dioxide for example, a gas containing hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane, and optionally carbon monoxide is adsorbed and removed from the first purified gas. Moreover, if sulfur compound gas, nitrogen compound gas, etc. are contained, these will also be adsorbed and removed.
- the adsorption removal of the gas containing carbon dioxide in the second purification stage is performed under pressure.
- the upper limit of the pressure is preferably 0.6 MPa, more preferably 0.5 MPa, and the lower limit is preferably 0.15 MPa, more preferably 0.2 MPa. If it is less than the said minimum, since the adsorption capacity of adsorption agent falls, it is not preferable.
- the differential pressure between the pressure for adsorbing and removing the gas mainly containing carbon dioxide in the first purification stage and the pressure for adsorbing and removing the gas containing carbon dioxide in the second purification stage is preferably 0 to 0.45 MPa.
- the pressure is preferably 0 to 0.4 MPa, more preferably 0 to 0.3 MPa, and most preferably 0 to 0.1 MPa. By adopting such a pressure difference, gas adsorption and removal in the first purification stage and the second purification stage can be efficiently performed.
- the operation temperature in the second purification stage is the same as the operation temperature in the first purification stage, preferably 0 to 100 ° C., more preferably 10 to 40 ° C.
- the second purification stage is usually performed at ambient temperature.
- one or more selected from the group consisting of imogolite, amorphous aluminum silicate, activated carbon, activated alumina and zeolite is preferably used. These can be used in a single layer or a plurality of layers. More preferably, a single layer of activated carbon or zeolite is used.
- the second purification stage preferably consists of a conventional hydrogen pressure fluctuation adsorption (hydrogen PSA) apparatus used to recover high purity hydrogen.
- the adsorption tower (hydrogen PSA adsorption tower) filled with the adsorbent is preferably provided with 2 or more towers, more preferably 2 to 5 towers.
- the continuous method there are two types of methods, the continuous method and the semi-continuous method, as in the operation method in the first purification stage.
- Operations such as adsorption operation and adsorption tower switching in the continuous method and semi-continuous method are both carried out in the same manner as described in the first purification stage.
- hydrogen having a purity of 90% by volume or more can be recovered by combining the first purification stage and the second purification stage as described above.
- the purified gas (second purified gas) obtained from the second purification stage is maintained at the pressure in the second purification stage, or is pressurized above the pressure or below the pressure.
- a container is provided between the second purification stage and the hydrogen storage stage, and the second purified gas is decompressed at one end, preferably 0.1 to 0.3 MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 0.2 MPa. It is also possible to reduce the pressure to a hydrogen storage stage and then pressurize it again with a pressurizing device such as a compressor.
- the hydrogen storage stage In the hydrogen storage stage, almost only hydrogen contained in the second purified gas is stored and stored in the hydrogen storage alloy, and a gas containing carbon dioxide (hydrogen storage stage off-gas) is discharged. Occlusion of hydrogen into the hydrogen storage alloy in the hydrogen storage stage is performed under pressure.
- the pressure depends on the hydrogen gas dissociation equilibrium pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy to be used, but the upper limit is preferably 0.6 MPa, more preferably 0.5 MPa, and the lower limit is preferably 0.15 MPa, more Preferably it is 0.2 MPa. If it is less than the said minimum, since the storage capacity of a hydrogen storage alloy falls, it is not preferable. On the other hand, exceeding the upper limit is not preferable because a large amount of power is required for pressurization.
- the operating temperature in the hydrogen storage stage is the same as the operating temperature in the first and second purification stages, preferably 0 to 100 ° C., more preferably 10 to 40 ° C.
- the hydrogen storage stage is usually performed at ambient temperature.
- the hydrogen storage alloy filled in the container in the hydrogen storage stage is not limited, but preferably, an alloy capable of storing and releasing hydrogen at room temperature is used.
- Examples include LaNi 5 , LaNi 4.7 Al 0.3 , TiFe 0.9 Mn 0.1 , MmNi 4.15 Fe 0.35 , CaNi 5 , TiCrV, Lm—Ni-based alloy, and the like, and preferably LaNi that can occlude and release hydrogen at room temperature.
- 5 CaNi 5 , TiCrV, Lm—Ni alloy and the like.
- Mm means misch metal
- Lm means lantern rich misch metal.
- the continuous method there are two types of operation methods, the continuous method and the semi-continuous method, as in the operation methods in the first and second purification stages.
- a continuous process is used.
- the second purified gas is pressurized to the above pressure and continuously circulated through the one container filled with the hydrogen storage alloy while maintaining the same pressure for a predetermined time.
- the container filled with the alloy almost only hydrogen is occluded in the hydrogen occlusion alloy, and the gas not occluded, that is, the hydrogen occlusion stage off-gas mainly composed of carbon dioxide is separated from the hydrogen and continuously taken out.
- the second purified gas is switched to another container filled with the hydrogen storage alloy, and the second purified gas is continuously circulated for a predetermined time in the same manner as described above.
- the hydrogen storage stage off-gas mainly stored in hydrogen storage alloy and mainly composed of carbon dioxide, is separated from hydrogen and continuously taken out. In this way, almost only hydrogen in the second purified gas is stored in the hydrogen storage alloy and stored in the container.
- the container in which the occlusion of hydrogen has been completed can be recovered by reducing the pressure and releasing the occluded hydrogen. Continuous operation can be continued by repeating these operations sequentially.
- the time is within a range in which the storage capacity does not decrease.
- the time depends on the processing amount of the second purified gas and the amount of hydrogen therein, the capacity of the container, the type and amount of the hydrogen storage alloy filled therein, and is usually about 1 to 30 minutes. It is.
- the time is usually measured by measuring the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen storage stage off-gas after storing hydrogen, and the hydrogen concentration in the gas stored and recovered in the hydrogen storage alloy in the hydrogen storage stage. It is experimentally determined in advance so as to minimize the hydrogen concentration therein.
- the hydrogen and / or carbon dioxide concentration in the hydrogen storage stage off-gas flowing out from the container filled with the hydrogen storage alloy is measured continuously or intermittently, and the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen storage stage off-gas is a predetermined value.
- the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen storage stage off-gas is a predetermined value.
- switching from one container to another container can also be carried out.
- the hydrogen stored in the one container that has already completed the storage of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage alloy is recovered from the hydrogen storage alloy by reducing the internal pressure of the container to preferably about atmospheric pressure.
- the continuous method described above is suitable for using hydrogen stored in a container filled with a hydrogen storage alloy in situ, that is, in the vicinity of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention.
- a container filled with the hydrogen storage alloy since the container filled with the hydrogen storage alloy does not move while installed in the apparatus, it is usually preferable to use a tower-type container.
- the hydrogen stored in one end in the container filled with the hydrogen storage alloy is immediately taken out and transferred by piping or the like for use.
- the container filled with the hydrogen storage alloy is formed into a cartridge type that can be used as it is as a hydrogen storage container of a device equipped with a fuel cell using hydrogen as a fuel.
- the storage of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage alloy is completed, and the container in which hydrogen is stored is removed from the apparatus without being depressurized, and then a container filled with a new hydrogen storage alloy is attached. Exchanged. In this way, continuous operation of the apparatus is performed.
- the container in which the removed hydrogen is stored is used for a predetermined application immediately or after being stored.
- the container filled with the hydrogen storage alloy is designed to have the same shape as the hydrogen storage container of the device on which the fuel cell is mounted. Examples of devices equipped with fuel cells include automobiles, backup power supplies, wireless devices, mobile phones such as smartphones, unmanned aircraft such as drones, and home thermoelectric supply systems.
- a method and apparatus for producing pyrolysis gas (b) by heat treating biomass (a) is known.
- biomass such as organic waste is heated at 500 to 600 ° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere
- the generated pyrolysis gas is mixed with steam at 900 to 1,000 ° C.
- the resulting reformed gas is A method of purifying and recovering hydrogen (Patent Document 10), heating organic waste at 400 to 700 ° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and mixing the generated pyrolysis gas with steam at 700 to 1,000 ° C.
- Patent Document 10 A method of purifying and recovering hydrogen
- the reforming of the reformed gas is maintained at 400 to 700 ° C.
- the reformed gas is passed through the layer containing the molded body, and then the obtained gas is further maintained from zinc oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide and these molded bodies maintained at 350 to 500 ° C.
- the organic gas is characterized in that it is passed through a layer containing one or more substances selected from the group, and then the refined reformed gas is passed through the shift reaction catalyst layer at 200 to 500 ° C.
- a method for gasifying a system waste (Patent Document 11) or the like can be used.
- the pyrolysis gas (b) the pyrolysis gas obtained in the above-mentioned method and the like before reforming with steam can be used, but the pyrolysis gas is steam reformed to increase the hydrogen concentration.
- the biomass (a) is not particularly limited as long as it is described in Patent Documents 9 and 10, but for example, waste material generated from palm trees (empty fruit bunches: EFB, EFB) Fiber, palm kernel shell), coconut shell, coconut shell, waste material generated from Jatropha tree, unused waste wood generated from forest, sawmill waste material generated from sawmill, waste paper, rice straw, rice husk, food factory Food residue, algae, sewage sludge, organic sludge, etc.
- a purification step for other substances can be further included within the range not impairing the effects of the present invention.
- a process for adsorbing and removing a radioactive substance such as cesium is provided prior to the first purification step of adsorbing and removing carbon dioxide according to the present invention. You can also. Thereby, it can be used also for recovery of hydrogen from biomass containing radioactive waste and the like.
- biomass raw materials used in the examples are as follows.
- pencil manufacturing waste wood manufactured by Hokusei Pencil Co., Ltd., derived from Incense Cedar produced in California, USA
- the pencil manufacturing waste wood was in the form of sawdust.
- Table 1 shows the properties of the pencil production waste wood.
- Example 1 For pyrolysis and gas reforming of biomass raw material, a cylindrical quartz tube having a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 500 mm is used as a pyrolysis reactor, and a cylinder having a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 500 mm is used. A stainless steel tube was used as the reforming reactor. About 1 gram (dry weight) of the pencil production waste wood is charged into the pyrolysis reactor, and the pencil production waste wood is pyrolyzed at a temperature of 550 ° C. while circulating argon gas at 50 ml / min. Processing was carried out.
- the total amount of the pyrolysis gas obtained is fed into the reforming reactor, and at the same time, distilled water is supplied in an amount of 0.04 ml / min to the heating zone of the reforming reactor to evaporate the steam.
- the pyrolysis gas was reformed at a temperature of 950 ° C.
- 8.25 liters (0 ° C., 1 atm standard) of a mixed gas of argon gas and reformed gas was obtained.
- the reformed gas was 3.18 liters and the argon gas was 5.07 liters.
- the mixed gas was analyzed using gas chromatography [Shimadzu GC-14A (trademark), carrier gas: argon].
- the composition of the reformed gas contained in the mixed gas is as shown in Table 2 below, the hydrogen concentration is 61.42% by volume, while the carbon dioxide concentration is 23.02% by volume.
- the carbon oxide concentration was 8.89% by volume and the methane concentration was 6.67% by volume.
- argon is used as a carrier gas, so that argon in the mixed gas subjected to the analysis is not detected.
- the gas purification test which collect
- the hydrogen recovery and storage device shown in FIG. 2 was used.
- the first purification stage (A) four adsorption towers (11, 12, 13, 14) were connected in parallel and used. All of the four adsorption towers were made of stainless steel (SUS304), and all of them were cylindrical with an inner diameter of 40 mm and a height of 300 mm.
- Each adsorption tower was packed with about 60 grams of synthetic imogolite (Hasclay GIII (trademark) manufactured by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as an adsorbent.
- the synthetic imogolite used had a pore volume of 1 cm 3 / g and a specific surface area of about 500 m 2 / g.
- each adsorption tower was filled with about 120 g of activated carbon (activated carbon white X2M (trademark) manufactured by Nippon Envirotech Co., Ltd.) as an adsorbent.
- activated carbon activated carbon white X2M (trademark) manufactured by Nippon Envirotech Co., Ltd.
- adsorption towers (101, 102, 103, 104) were connected in parallel.
- the material, dimensions, and shape of these adsorption towers were made of stainless steel (SUS304), and all were cylindrical with an inner diameter of 10 mm and a height of 40 mm.
- SUS304 stainless steel
- Each adsorption tower was equipped with an outer cylinder and a pipe through which cooling water or warm water could be circulated.
- Each adsorption tower was filled with about 100 grams of a hydrogen storage alloy Lm-Ni alloy (hydrogen storage alloy manufactured by Nippon Heavy Chemical Industries, Ltd.) as an adsorbent.
- Intermediate tanks (31) and (32) were installed.
- natural rubber gas bags having an internal volume of 10 liters were used as the intermediate tanks (31) and (32).
- the pyrolysis-modified gas obtained by heat-treating and modifying the pencil-manufactured waste wood was charged into the first adsorption tower (11) of the first purification stage (A).
- the inlet valve (VI11) of the first adsorption tower (11) was opened, and the outlet valve (VO11) and the adsorption gas extraction valve (VM11) were closed.
- the reformed gas after pyrolysis was charged by the compressor (10) so that the pressure in the first adsorption tower (11) was 0.5 MPa.
- the amount of mixed gas charged was about 2.56 liters (0 ° C., 1 atm).
- the inlet valve (VI11) was closed, and in this state, the first adsorption tower (11) was held for 5 minutes to adsorb a gas mainly containing carbon dioxide.
- the outlet valve (VO11) was opened, the pressure in the first adsorption tower (11) was reduced to 0.2 MPa, and the outlet valve (VO11) was closed.
- the extracted first purified gas (L1) was introduced into the intermediate tank (31).
- the adsorption gas extraction valve (VM11) was opened, the pressure in the first adsorption tower (11) was reduced to 0.1 MPa, and the adsorption gas extraction valve (VM11) was closed.
- the extracted gas mainly containing carbon dioxide was recovered as the first purification stage off-gas (L2).
- argon gas was introduced into and discharged from the cleaning gas inlet and outlet (not shown) into the first adsorption tower (11) to regenerate the adsorbent.
- the pressure in the first adsorption tower (11) becomes 0.5 MPa and the inlet valve (VI12) of the second adsorption tower (12) is opened almost simultaneously with closing the inlet valve (VI11).
- the compressor (10) is subjected to thermal decomposition so that the pressure in the second adsorption tower (12) becomes 0.5 MPa.
- the same operation as that of the first adsorption tower (11) was performed in the second adsorption tower (12).
- the gas after purification in the first purification stage (A) was analyzed using gas chromatography [Shimadzu GC-14A (trademark), carrier gas: argon]. As shown in Table 3, the hydrogen concentration increased to 89.70% by volume, while the carbon dioxide concentration decreased to 7.97% by volume. Further, the first purification stage off-gas (L2) mainly containing carbon dioxide was analyzed using gas chromatography [GC-14A (trademark) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, carrier gas: argon], and as shown in Table 4 below. The carbon dioxide concentration was 51.07% by volume, and hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane were detected at 48.93% by volume.
- purification stage (A) was introduce
- the first purified gas (L1) was charged into the first adsorption tower (21) of the second purification stage (B).
- the inlet valve (VI21) of the first adsorption tower (21) was opened, and the outlet valve (VO21) and the adsorption gas extraction valve (VM21) were closed.
- the first purified gas (L1) was charged by the compressor (20) so that the pressure in the first adsorption tower (21) was 0.4 MPa.
- the inlet valve (VI21) was closed, and in this state, the first adsorption tower (21) was held for 5 minutes to adsorb a gas containing carbon dioxide.
- the outlet valve (VO21) was opened, the pressure in the first adsorption tower (21) was reduced to 0.2 MPa, the outlet valve (VO21) was closed, and the second purified gas (L3) was extracted. .
- the adsorption gas extraction valve (VM21) was opened, the pressure in the first adsorption tower (21) was reduced to 0.1 MPa, and the adsorption gas extraction valve (VM21) was closed.
- the extracted gas containing carbon dioxide was recovered as the second purification stage off-gas (L4).
- argon gas was introduced into and discharged from the cleaning gas inlet and outlet (not shown) into the first adsorption tower (21) to regenerate the adsorbent.
- the pressure in the first adsorption tower (21) becomes 0.4 MPa and the inlet valve (VI22) of the second adsorption tower (22) is opened almost simultaneously with closing the inlet valve (VI21).
- the first refining is performed by the compressor (20) so that the pressure in the second adsorption tower (22) becomes 0.4 MPa.
- Gas (L1) was charged, and the same operation as the first adsorption tower (21) was performed in the second adsorption tower (22).
- the gas after purification in the second purification stage (B) was analyzed using gas chromatography [Shimadzu Corporation GC-14A (trademark), carrier gas: argon]. As shown in Table 5, the hydrogen concentration increased to 91.78% by volume, while the carbon dioxide concentration decreased to 6.61% by volume. Further, the second purification stage off-gas (L4) containing carbon dioxide was analyzed using gas chromatography [Shimadzu Corporation GC-14A (trademark), carrier gas: argon], as shown in Table 6 below. The carbon dioxide concentration was 10.44% by volume, and hydrogen, carbon monoxide and the like were detected at about 89.56% by volume.
- the gas after purification in the second purification stage (B) (second purified gas (L3)) was introduced into the intermediate tank (32), where the pressure was reduced to approximately 0.1 MPa.
- the second purified gas (L3) was charged into the first adsorption tower (101) of the hydrogen storage stage (C).
- the inlet valve (VI31) of the first adsorption tower (101) was opened, and the outlet valve (VO31) and the occluded gas extraction valve (VM31) were closed.
- the second purified gas (L3) was charged by the compressor (30) so that the pressure in the first adsorption tower (101) was 0.5 MPa.
- the occluded gas extraction valve (VM31) is slightly opened and the second purified gas (L3) at a flow rate of about 0.08 liter / min.
- the first adsorption tower (101) Since heat is generated during hydrogen storage, the first adsorption tower (101) is cooled by passing cooling water at about 20 ° C. through a pipe provided in the outer cylinder of the first adsorption tower (101). In this state, the first adsorption tower (101) is held for 5 minutes, and while storing hydrogen, a gas containing methane and carbon dioxide is extracted through the storage gas extraction valve (VM31) to obtain a hydrogen storage stage off gas (L6). It was. Thereafter, the occlusion gas extraction valve (VM31) was closed, the inlet valve (VI31) was closed, and the operation of occluding hydrogen in the hydrogen storage alloy filled in the first adsorption tower (101) was completed. Next, the outlet valve (VO31) is opened, the pressure in the first adsorption tower (101) is reduced to 0.1 MPa, the outlet valve (VO31) is closed, and the gas occluded in the hydrogen storage alloy (L5 ) Was recovered.
- VM31 storage gas extraction valve
- the gas after purification in the hydrogen storage stage (C), that is, the gas (L5) stored in the hydrogen storage alloy is analyzed using gas chromatography [GC-14A (trademark) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, carrier gas: argon].
- GC-14A gas chromatography
- the hydrogen concentration increased to 99.97% by volume, while the carbon dioxide concentration decreased to 0.03% by volume.
- the hydrogen storage stage off-gas (L6) containing carbon dioxide was analyzed using gas chromatography [GC-14A (trademark), manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, carrier gas: argon], as shown in Table 8 below.
- the carbon dioxide concentration was 79.58% by volume, and hydrogen, carbon monoxide and the like were detected at about 20.42% by volume.
- Table 9 shows the gas of each stream when hydrogen was recovered by treating 100 liters of the pyrolyzed reformed gas obtained by heat-treating and modifying the pencil-manufactured waste wood obtained as described above. It shows the amount.
- the unit of each number in Table 9 is liters. 41.89 liters of the second purified gas (L3) could be recovered from 100 liters of the reformed gas supplied, and the recovery rate was about 42% by volume.
- 61.42 liters of hydrogen was contained in the reformed gas, of which 38.51 liters can be recovered, and 38.50 liters of purified hydrogen can be recovered through a hydrogen storage stage. I was able to. The recovery rate was about 63% by volume.
- Example 1 as one embodiment of the present invention, a hydrogen storage alloy filled in an adsorption tower in the hydrogen storage stage, that is, the first, second, third, and fourth adsorption towers (101, 102, 103, 104).
- the gas occluded in was continuously taken out on the spot.
- the adsorption tower in the hydrogen storage stage is made an exchangeable type, for example, hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage alloy in the first, second, third, fourth adsorption tower (101, 102, 103, 104).
- the operation can be continued by replacing with a new adsorption tower in which hydrogen is not stored.
- the adsorption tower in which hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage alloy can be used as it is by moving to the vicinity of equipment using high-purity hydrogen.
- the adsorption tower itself has the same shape as the hydrogen storage container of equipment equipped with a fuel cell that uses hydrogen as fuel, and the adsorption tower itself that stores hydrogen is directly equipped with a fuel cell that uses hydrogen as fuel. It is also possible to use it as a hydrogen storage container for such equipment.
- the hydrogen recovery method of the present invention can recover a high concentration of hydrogen gas using a relatively low pressure, not only can the operation cost and the equipment cost be greatly reduced, but also the safety in operation is remarkably increased. Can be increased.
- the recovered high-concentration hydrogen gas can be stored in a predetermined container, in particular, a cartridge-type container that can be used as it is as a hydrogen storage container for equipment equipped with a fuel cell that uses hydrogen as a fuel. It is possible to efficiently recover and store hydrogen and use it. Therefore, it is expected that the hydrogen recovery method of the present invention will be greatly used for hydrogen recovery from pyrolysis gas obtained by heat treating biomass in the future.
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Abstract
Description
(1)バイオマスを熱処理することにより得た熱分解ガスから水素を回収する方法であって、上記熱分解ガスから、加圧下において二酸化炭素を主として含むガスを吸着除去して、該熱分解ガスを精製する第1精製段階、及び、第1精製段階から得た精製ガスを、第1精製段階における圧力以下の圧力で、該精製ガスから、加圧下において二酸化炭素を含むガスを更に吸着除去して精製することにより、該精製ガスから水素を主として含むガスを回収する第2精製段階を含み、かつ、第2精製段階から回収された、水素を主として含むガスを、水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器に供給して、該容器中に高純度水素を貯蔵する水素貯蔵段階を更に含むことを特徴とする水素回収方法である。
(2)上記の水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器が、水素を燃料とする燃料電池を搭載した機器の水素貯蔵容器として、そのまま使用可能なカートリッジ形式である、上記(1)記載の水素回収方法、
(3)上記の水素を燃料とする燃料電池を搭載した機器が、自動車、バックアップ電源、無線機、携帯電話機、無人航空機及び家庭用熱電気供給システムより成る群から選ばれる、上記(2)記載の水素回収方法、
(4)上記水素吸蔵合金が、LaNi5、LaNi4.7Al0.3、TiFe 0.9Mn0.1、MmNi4.15Fe0.35、CaNi5、TiCrV及びLm-Ni系合金より成る群から選ばれる一つ以上である、上記(1)~(3)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(5)上記水素貯蔵段階における圧力が、0.15MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)~(4)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(6)上記水素貯蔵段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)~(4)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(7)上記水素貯蔵段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.5MPa以下である、上記(1)~(4)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(8)上記水素貯蔵段階が、2器以上の、水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器を備えており、ここで、第2精製段階から回収された、水素を主として含むガス中の水素を、一の、水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器中の水素吸蔵合金に吸蔵せしめて、該容器に貯蔵し、次いで、他の一の、水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器に切り替えて、水素を主として含むガス中の水素を該水素吸蔵合金に吸蔵せしめて、該容器に貯蔵しつつ、既に、水素の貯蔵を完了した上記の一の容器を取り除いて、新たな水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器と交換することにより、水素の貯蔵を継続する、上記(1)~(7)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(9)上記水素貯蔵段階が、2~5器の、水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器を備える、上記(1)~(8)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(10)上記の水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器が、冷却及び/又は加熱可能な設備を備える、上記(1)~(9)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(11)上記第1精製段階における圧力が、0.15MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)~(10)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(12)上記第1精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)~(10)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(13)上記第1精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.5MPa以下である、上記(1)~(10)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(14)上記第2精製段階における圧力が、0.15MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)~(13)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(15)上記第2精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)~(13)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(16)上記第2精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.5MPa以下である、上記(1)~(13)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(17)上記第1精製段階における圧力が、0.15MPa以上0.6MPa以下であり、かつ、上記第2精製段階における圧力が、0.15MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)~(16)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(18)上記第1精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.6MPa以下であり、かつ、上記第2精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.6MPa以下である、上記(1)~(16)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(19)上記第1精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.6MPa以下であり、かつ、上記第2精製段階における圧力が、0.2MPa以上0.5MPa以下である、上記(1)~(16)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(20)上記第1精製段階、第2精製段階及び水素貯蔵段階における温度が、いずれも、0~100℃の範囲である、上記(1)~(19)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(21)上記第1精製段階、第2精製段階及び水素貯蔵段階における温度が、いずれも、10~40℃の範囲である、上記(1)~(19)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(22)上記第1精製段階、第2精製段階及び水素貯蔵段階における温度が、いずれも、環境温度である、上記(1)~(19)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(23)上記第1精製段階において吸着除去した二酸化炭素を主として含むガスを回収する、上記(1)~(22)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(24)上記第1精製段階における圧力と、上記第2精製段階における圧力との差圧が、0~0.45MPaである、上記(1)~(23)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(25)上記第1精製段階における圧力と、上記第2精製段階における圧力との差圧が、0~0.4MPaである、上記(1)~(23)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(26)上記第1精製段階における圧力と、上記第2精製段階における圧力との差圧が、0~0.3MPaである、上記(1)~(23)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(27)上記第1精製段階における圧力と、上記第2精製段階における圧力との差圧が、0~0.2MPaである、上記(1)~(23)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(28)上記第1精製段階における圧力と、上記第2精製段階における圧力との差圧が、0~0.1MPaである、上記(1)~(23)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(29)上記第1精製段階が2塔以上の吸着塔を備えており、ここで、一の吸着塔において、二酸化炭素を主として含むガスを吸着除去して熱分解ガスを精製し、次いで、他の一の吸着塔に切り替えて、二酸化炭素を主として含むガスを吸着除去して熱分解ガスを精製しつつ、既に、二酸化炭素を主として含むガスを吸着除去した上記一の吸着塔において、吸着除去した二酸化炭素を主として含むガスを、吸着塔内の圧力を低下させることにより脱着回収する、上記(1)~(28)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(30)上記第1精製段階が2~5塔の吸着塔を備える、上記(1)~(29)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(31)上記第2精製段階が2塔以上の吸着塔を備えており、ここで、一の吸着塔において、二酸化炭素を含むガスを吸着除去して、第1精製段階において精製された熱分解ガスを更に精製し、次いで、他の一の吸着塔に切り替えて、二酸化炭素を含むガスを吸着除去して、第1精製段階において精製された熱分解ガスを更に精製しつつ、既に、二酸化炭素を含むガスを吸着除去した上記一の吸着塔において、吸着除去した二酸化炭素を含むガスを、吸着塔内の圧力を低下させることにより脱着回収する、上記(1)~(30)のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法、
(32)上記第2精製段階が2~5塔の吸着塔を備える、上記(1)~(31)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(33)上記第1精製段階及び第2精製段階が、いずれも圧力変動吸着(PSA)装置により構成される、上記(1)~(32)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(34)上記第1精製段階において二酸化炭素を主として含むガスの吸着除去に使用する吸着剤が、イモゴライト、非晶質アルミニウムケイ酸塩、活性炭、ゼオライト及び活性アルミナより成る群から選ばれる1つ以上である、上記(1)~(33)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(35)上記第1精製段階において二酸化炭素を主として含むガスの吸着除去に使用する吸着剤が、イモゴライトである、上記(1)~(33)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(36)上記第2精製段階において二酸化炭素を含むガスの吸着除去に使用する吸着剤が、イモゴライト、非晶質アルミニウムケイ酸塩、活性炭、ゼオライト及び活性アルミナより成る群から選ばれる1つ以上である、上記(1)~(35)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(37)上記第2精製段階において二酸化炭素を含むガスの吸着除去に使用する吸着剤が、活性炭又はゼオライトである、上記(1)~(35)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(38)上記第2精製段階において吸着除去される二酸化炭素を含むガスが、水素、二酸化炭素及びメタンを含むガスである、上記(1)~(37)のいずれか一つに記載の方法、
(39)上記熱分解ガスが、バイオマスを熱処理することにより得た熱分解ガスを、更に、スチーム改質して得たガスを包含する、上記(1)~(38)のいずれか一つに記載の方法
を挙げることができる。
バイオマス原料の熱分解及びガス改質には、直径:50ミリメートル、高さ:500ミリメートルの円筒状石英管を熱分解反応器として使用し、かつ、直径:50ミリメートル、高さ:500ミリメートルの円筒状ステンレス製管を改質反応器として使用した。上記熱分解反応器に、約1グラム(乾燥重量)の上記鉛筆製造廃木材を装入し、アルゴンガスを50ミリリットル/分で流通しつつ、550℃の温度で上記鉛筆製造廃木材の熱分解処理を実施した。次いで、得られた熱分解ガスの全量を上記改質反応器に送り込み、同時に、蒸留水を0.04ミリリットル/分の量で上記改質反応器の加熱ゾーンに供給して蒸発させることにより水蒸気とし、950℃の温度で熱分解ガスの改質を実施した。これによりアルゴンガスと改質ガスとの混合ガスが8.25リットル(0℃、1atm基準)得られた。ここで、該混合ガス中、改質ガスが3.18リットルであり、アルゴンガスが5.07リットルであった。該混合ガスをガスクロマトグラフィー[島津製作所製GC-14A(商標)、キャリアーガス:アルゴン]を使用して分析した。該混合ガス中に含まれる改質ガスの組成は、下記の表2に示す通りであり、水素濃度は61.42体積%であり、一方、二酸化炭素濃度は23.02体積%であり、一酸化炭素濃度は8.89体積%であり、メタン濃度は6.67体積%であった。上記ガスクロマトグラフィーによる分析においては、キャリアーガスとしてアルゴンを使用していることから、分析に供した混合ガス中のアルゴンは検出されない。次いで、上記のようにして得られた熱分解後の改質ガスを使用して水素ガスを回収するガス精製試験を実施した。また、上記改質ガスの製造は、下記において説明するガス精製試験を十分に実施し得るガス量を得るべく繰り返して実施された。
II 第2精製段階
III バイオマス熱処理段階
IV 水素貯蔵段階
a バイオマス
b 熱分解ガス
c 第1精製ガス
d 第2精製ガス(水素を主として含むガス)
e 二酸化炭素を主として含むガス
f 二酸化炭素を含むガス
g 水素吸蔵段階オフガス
h 水素吸蔵合金に吸蔵させたガス(高純度水素)
A 第1精製段階
B 第2精製段階
C 水素貯蔵段階
L1 第1精製ガス
L2 二酸化炭素を主として含む第1精製段階オフガス
L3 第2精製ガス
L4 二酸化炭素を含む第2精製段階オフガス
L5 水素吸蔵合金に吸蔵させたガス(高純度水素)
L6 水素吸蔵段階オフガス
10 第1精製段階のコンプレッサー
11 第1精製段階の第1吸着塔
12 第1精製段階の第2吸着塔
13 第1精製段階の第3吸着塔
14 第1精製段階の第4吸着塔
VI11 第1吸着塔入口バルブ
VI12 第2吸着塔入口バルブ
VI13 第3吸着塔入口バルブ
VI14 第4吸着塔入口バルブ
VO11 第1吸着塔出口バルブ
VO12 第2吸着塔出口バルブ
VO13 第3吸着塔出口バルブ
VO14 第4吸着塔出口バルブ
VM11 第1吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
VM12 第2吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
VM13 第3吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
VM14 第4吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
20 第2精製段階のコンプレッサー
21 第2精製段階の第1吸着塔
22 第2精製段階の第2吸着塔
23 第2精製段階の第3吸着塔
24 第2精製段階の第4吸着塔
VI21 第1吸着塔入口バルブ
VI22 第2吸着塔入口バルブ
VI23 第3吸着塔入口バルブ
VI24 第4吸着塔入口バルブ
VO21 第1吸着塔出口バルブ
VO22 第2吸着塔出口バルブ
VO23 第3吸着塔出口バルブ
VO24 第4吸着塔出口バルブ
VM21 第1吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
VM22 第2吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
VM23 第3吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
VM24 第4吸着塔吸着ガス抜出しバルブ
31 中間タンク
32 中間タンク
30 水素吸蔵段階のコンプレッサー
101 水素吸蔵段階の第1吸着塔
102 水素吸蔵段階の第2吸着塔
103 水素吸蔵段階の第3吸着塔
104 水素吸蔵段階の第4吸着塔
VI31 第1吸着塔入口バルブ
VI32 第2吸着塔入口バルブ
VI33 第3吸着塔入口バルブ
VI34 第4吸着塔入口バルブ
VO31 第1吸着塔出口バルブ
VO32 第2吸着塔出口バルブ
VO33 第3吸着塔出口バルブ
VO34 第4吸着塔出口バルブ
VM31 第1吸着塔吸蔵ガス抜出しバルブ
VM32 第2吸着塔吸蔵ガス抜出しバルブ
VM33 第3吸着塔吸蔵ガス抜出しバルブ
VM34 第4吸着塔吸蔵ガス抜出しバルブ
Claims (6)
- バイオマスを熱処理することにより得た熱分解ガスから水素を回収する方法であって、上記熱分解ガスから、加圧下において二酸化炭素を主として含むガスを吸着除去して、該熱分解ガスを精製する第1精製段階、及び、第1精製段階から得た精製ガスを、第1精製段階における圧力以下の圧力で、該精製ガスから、加圧下において二酸化炭素を含むガスを更に吸着除去して精製することにより、該精製ガスから水素を主として含むガスを回収する第2精製段階を含み、かつ、第2精製段階から回収された、水素を主として含むガスを、水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器に供給して、該容器中に高純度水素を貯蔵する水素貯蔵段階を更に含むことを特徴とする水素回収方法。
- 上記の水素吸蔵合金が充填された容器が、水素を燃料とする燃料電池を搭載した機器の水素貯蔵容器として、そのまま使用可能なカートリッジ形式である、請求項1記載の水素回収方法。
- 上記の水素を燃料とする燃料電池を搭載した機器が、自動車、バックアップ電源、無線機、携帯電話機、無人航空機及び家庭用熱電気供給システムより成る群から選ばれる、請求項2記載の水素回収方法。
- 上記第1精製段階、第2精製段階及び水素貯蔵段階における圧力が、いずれも、0.15MPa以上0.6MPa以下の範囲内である、請求項1~3のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法。
- 上記第1精製段階における圧力と、上記第2精製段階における圧力との差圧が、0~0.3MPaである、請求項1~4のいずれか一つに記載の水素回収方法。
- 上記熱分解ガスが、バイオマスを熱処理することにより得た熱分解ガスを、更に、スチーム改質して得たガスを包含する、請求項1~5のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
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CA3033841A CA3033841C (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2016-08-23 | Method for recovering hydrogen from biomass pyrolysis gas |
US16/325,275 US11273405B2 (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2016-08-23 | Method for recovering hydrogen from biomass pyrolysis gas |
JP2018535964A JP6651172B2 (ja) | 2016-08-23 | 2016-08-23 | バイオマス熱分解ガスからの水素回収方法 |
EP16914155.3A EP3505492A4 (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2016-08-23 | METHOD FOR THE RECOVERY OF HYDROGEN FROM BIOMASS PYROLYSEGAS |
AU2016420899A AU2016420899B2 (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2016-08-23 | Method for recovering hydrogen from biomass pyrolysis gas |
PCT/JP2016/074542 WO2018037481A1 (ja) | 2016-08-23 | 2016-08-23 | バイオマス熱分解ガスからの水素回収方法 |
MYPI2019000826A MY190154A (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2016-08-23 | Method for recovering hydrogen from biomass pyrolysis gas |
CN201680088671.5A CN109641746B (zh) | 2016-08-23 | 2016-08-23 | 从生物质热分解气体中回收氢气的方法 |
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CN110548365A (zh) * | 2018-06-04 | 2019-12-10 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | 由含氢气体制备高纯氢气的装置及方法 |
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EP4349937A3 (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2024-06-26 | Carbon Technology Holdings, LLC | Biomass pyrolysis integrated with bio-reduction of metal ores, hydrogen production, and/or activated-carbon production |
CN113526460B (zh) * | 2021-07-30 | 2024-01-26 | 浙江领潮智能设备有限公司 | 一种热解有机固废提取氢气的装置和方法 |
CN115445381A (zh) * | 2022-09-29 | 2022-12-09 | 北京科技大学 | 基于两段式co深度去除的燃料电池用氢气纯化装置 |
CN116920727B (zh) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-11-24 | 山西冶金工程技术有限公司 | 富氢气体催化系统的除炭装置以及富氢气体催化系统 |
CN117623224A (zh) * | 2023-10-16 | 2024-03-01 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | 碳氢燃料原位脱碳制氢装置和方法 |
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TW201808791A (zh) | 2018-03-16 |
EP3505492A1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
US20190201836A1 (en) | 2019-07-04 |
CN109641746A (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
CA3033841A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
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CA3033841C (en) | 2023-09-26 |
JPWO2018037481A1 (ja) | 2019-06-20 |
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MY190154A (en) | 2022-03-31 |
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