JP6625646B2 - 粉末、このような粉末を含む電極および電池 - Google Patents
粉末、このような粉末を含む電極および電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 64
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 103
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O] Chemical compound [N].[O] OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 101150047356 dec-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004442 gravimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007431 microscopic evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002064 nanoplatelet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-RNFDNDRNSA-N silicon-32 atom Chemical compound [32Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-RNFDNDRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/50—Agglomerated particles
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2006/14—Pore volume
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- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
−ケイ素系領域の一部が、ケイ素系領域の凝集物の形態で存在し、これらの凝集物の少なくとも98%は、最大粒径が3μm以下であるか、または
−ケイ素系領域が、全く凝集物に凝集していない。
ここで、d98は、凝集物の最大粒径の分布の98%値である。
・別個に生成したナノまたはミクロン未満のケイ素粉末を、マトリックスとして作用する別個に生成した炭素および/または炭素前駆体と共に凝集させた、炭素系複合材料粉末。この場合、ナノまたはミクロン未満のケイ素粉末から実際に別個のケイ素粒子によって、ケイ素領域が作られる。
・いわゆるSiOx粒子、ここで、全体的なx=典型的には0.2〜1.8。調査結果から、この全体的な式は、SiO2マトリックス中のケイ素領域からなることが明らかになっている。このような複合材料粒子は、気相核形成によって作られる。
・合金中の1種類以上の他の金属またはこの1種類以上の金属の金属間相とケイ素とがマトリックス材料を形成し、好ましくは、Sn、Ti、Fe、Ni、Cu、CoおよびAlからなる群から選択される1種類以上の金属である、ケイ素合金。このような合金は、典型的には、合金化プロセスによって作られ、その間に、粒径がミクロン未満またはナノメートルのケイ素領域が作られる。
酸素含有量の決定
実施例および反例中の粉末の酸素含有量を、Leco TC600酸素−窒素分析装置を用い、以下の方法によって決定した。
試験する全てのコンポジット粉末を、45μmのふるいを用いてふるい分けし、水中のカーボンブラック、炭素繊維およびナトリウムカルボメチルセルロースバインダー(2.5重量%)と混合した。使用した比率は、複合材料粉末90重量部/カーボンブラック3重量部/炭素繊維2重量部およびカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)5重量部であった。
ケイ素粒子の凝集物の最大粒径は、凝集物の外周上の2点間の測定可能な最大距離を測定することによるSEM画像作成法によって決定された。ケイ素およびピッチは、そのままであるか、または分解しているかのいずれかで、目で見て簡単に識別することができ、そのため、ケイ素凝集物は、ケイ素の広がりによって簡単に特定することができたが、特に、ピッチの不在によって特定することができた。
(実施例1)
ミクロン未満の粒径のケイ素粉末は、60kW無線周波数(RF)誘導結合プラズマ(ICP)を適用し、プラズマガスとしてアルゴンを用いることによって得られ、ミクロン粒径のケイ素粉末前駆体を220g/hの速度で射出し、2000Kを超える広がり(すなわち、反応ゾーン)温度が得られた。この第1の処理工程において、前駆体が全体的に気化した。第2の処理工程で、気体の温度を1600K未満まで下げるために、アルゴン流を、反応ゾーンのすぐ下流でクエンチガスとして使用し、金属性のミクロン未満のケイ素粉末が核化した。最後に、0.15モル%の酸素を含むN2/O2混合物を100L/h加えることによって、100℃の温度で5分間、不動態化工程を行った。プラズマとクエンチガス両方の気体の流速を調節し、平均粒子直径d50が80nm、d90が521nmのミクロン未満のケイ素粉末を得た。この場合に、2.5Nm3/hのArをプラズマに使用し、10Nm3/hのArをクエンチガスとして使用した。
実施例1のようにして得られたミクロン未満の粒径のケイ素粉末500gと石油系ピッチ粉末1000gとを混合した。
実施例1のようにして得られたミクロン未満の粒径のケイ素粉末16gを、石油系ピッチ粉末32gと乾燥混合した。
Claims (13)
- マトリックス材料と、このマトリックス材料に分散したケイ素系領域とを含む粒子と、グラファイトとを含み、該ケイ素系領域の一部が、ケイ素系領域の凝集物の形態で存在し、これらの凝集物の少なくとも98%は、最大粒径が1μm以下であるか、または、前記ケイ素系領域が、全く凝集物に凝集しておらず、
前記マトリックス材料は熱分解したピッチ粉末からなり、前記粒子の間に前記グラファイトが存在し、
前記ケイ素系領域のケイ素含有量が80重量%以上であり、
10m 2 /g未満のBET値を有する、粉末。 - 前記マトリックス材料が連続マトリックスであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の粉末。
- 前記ケイ素系領域が、全く凝集物に凝集していないか、または全ての凝集物は、最大粒径が3μm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の粉末。
- 前記粉末が、3重量%未満の酸素を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の粉末。
- 前記粉末が2重量%〜25重量%のケイ素を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の粉末。
- 平均粒子直径d50が1〜20ミクロンであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の粉末。
- 前記ケイ素系領域は、質量に基づく平均直径d50が500nm未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の粉末。
- 前記ケイ素系領域は、ケイ素系粒子であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の粉末。
- 前記粉末の前記粒子は、少なくとも90重量%の前記ケイ素系領域および前記マトリックス材料を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の粉末。
- BET値が5m2/g未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の粉末。
- 前記粒子は、多孔性が20体積%未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の粉末。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の前記粉末を含む、電気化学的セルのための電極。
- 請求項12に記載の前記電極を含む電池。
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PCT/EP2015/073880 WO2016102098A1 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2015-10-15 | Powder, electrode and battery comprising such a powder |
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KR101567203B1 (ko) | 2014-04-09 | 2015-11-09 | (주)오렌지파워 | 이차 전지용 음극 활물질 및 이의 방법 |
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GB2533161C (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2019-07-24 | Nexeon Ltd | Electrodes for metal-ion batteries |
KR101726037B1 (ko) | 2015-03-26 | 2017-04-11 | (주)오렌지파워 | 실리콘계 음극 활물질 및 이의 제조 방법 |
CN111615768B (zh) * | 2018-01-15 | 2023-04-18 | 尤米科尔公司 | 用于蓄电池负电极中的复合粉末以及包括此类复合粉末的蓄电池 |
US11450849B2 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2022-09-20 | Umicore | Active material powder for use in a negative electrode of a battery and a battery comprising such an active material powder |
US11905593B2 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2024-02-20 | Nexeon Limited | Process for preparing electroactive materials for metal-ion batteries |
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