JP5501956B2 - ビタミンd化合物およびワックス状担体を含有する制御放出性経口組成物 - Google Patents
ビタミンd化合物およびワックス状担体を含有する制御放出性経口組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5501956B2 JP5501956B2 JP2010506520A JP2010506520A JP5501956B2 JP 5501956 B2 JP5501956 B2 JP 5501956B2 JP 2010506520 A JP2010506520 A JP 2010506520A JP 2010506520 A JP2010506520 A JP 2010506520A JP 5501956 B2 JP5501956 B2 JP 5501956B2
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Description
米国特許法第119条第(e)項により2007年4月25日出願の米国特許仮出願第60/913853号の利益をこれによって請求する。
調節放出性製剤
下表3に従って、確認された成分を示した量で均一に混合すること、およびその混合物を硬質ゼラチンカプセル中に充填することによって、9種の経口ビタミンD製剤を調製した。製剤9は、従来技術による即放性製剤であり、ここで、MIGLYOL812Nは、トリ(カプリル酸/カプリン酸)グリセリドの商品名であり、米国ニュージャージー州CranfordのCONDEA Chemie GmbHから入手できる。製剤を、ユカタンミニブタ(約10kg)の群に250μgの25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3に相当する単回投与で投与した。各群は5頭の動物を含んでいた。5頭のユカタンミニブタからなる第10群には、250μgに相当する25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3を静脈内注射で投与した。
ミニブタでの経口カプセルの薬物動態研究
本研究の目的は、a)25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3の250μg調節放出性(MR)カプセル×1錠、b)250μgMRカプセル×2錠、c)250μgMRカプセル×4錠、d)1000μgMRカプセル×1錠、e)25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3の250μg即放性(IR)カプセル×1錠、およびf)3日連続で250μgMRカプセル×1錠を投与した後の、雄性ユカタンブタ(体重約45kg)における25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3の全身性吸収を評価することとした。
ミニブタでの経口カプセルによる全身曝露研究
本研究の目的は、十分なビタミンD摂取量を含む食餌で飼育された健常雄性ユカタンブタ(約50〜60kgの体重)における、1日当たり、次のもの、a)25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3の25μg即放性(IR)カプセル(群1)、b)25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3の25μg調節放出性(MR)カプセル(群2)、およびc)25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3の125μgMRカプセル(群3)を21日間投与した後の、25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3全身濃度の増加を評価することとした。
ビーグル犬での経口カプセルの薬物動態研究
25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3の調節放出性カプセルを、ビーグル犬(10kg)に13週間連続して毎日投与した。該MR製剤は、上記実施例1の群7の製剤をベースにして調製した。25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3濃度の相違は、エタノールを相対的に変化させて調整した。
溶出による放出
図27は、上記実施例2による250μgカプセルに関する溶出放出プロフィールを示し、該プロフィールは、24時間の時点で25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3の約72%の平均放出を示した。上記のように、好ましくは、調節放出性製剤は、最初の24時間で薬物の約80%を放出する。
ビタミンD不足の健康成人男性志願者での効力研究
血清中25−ヒドロキシビタミンDを最適濃度(>30ng/mL)まで戻す上での3種の異なるビタミンD製剤の有効性を、ビタミンD不足と診断された健康な非肥満男性での23日間の研究で調べた。製剤の1つ(製剤#1)は、30μgの25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3を含有する、上記実施例1の群7に記載のように調製された軟質ゼラチンカプセルである。第2の製剤(製剤#2)は、中鎖トリグリセリドのオイルに溶解された50,000IUのエルゴカルシフェロールを含有する同一外観の即放性軟質ゼラチンカプセルである。第3の製剤(製剤#3)は、中鎖トリグリセリドのオイルに溶解された50,000IUのコレカルシフェロールを含有するやはり同一外観の即放性軟質ゼラチンカプセルである。この研究には、全部で100名の健康な白色人種およびアフリカ系アメリカ人男性が参加し、そのすべては、30〜45歳であり、15〜29ng/mL(両端を含む)の血清中25−ヒドロキシビタミンD濃度を有する。すべての対象は、研究開始前の60日間および続いて研究終了までの他のビタミンDサプリメントの摂取、および特に問題となるほどの日光曝露を絶つ。研究の1日および2日目に、血清中25−ヒドロキシビタミンDの治療前ベースライン値を確立するため、すべての対象から早朝空腹時血液検体を集める。3日目の朝に、対象からさらなる空腹時血液検体(t=0)を集め、対象を、4つの治療群の1つにランダムに割り振り、朝食前に1つの試験カプセルを投与する。すなわち、群#1の対象には、製剤#1の1カプセルをそれぞれ服用させ、群#2および群#3の対象には、それぞれ、製剤#2または製剤#3の1カプセルをそれぞれ服用させる。群#4の対象には、そっくりのプラセボカプセルを服用させる。群#1の対象には、4日目から22日目までの朝に製剤#1のさらなるカプセルを朝食前にそれぞれ服用させるが、群#2、#3および#4の対象には、さらなるカプセルを服用させない。4、5、6、10、17および23日目(または、投与開始後1、2、3、7、14および20日目)に、治療群に無関係に各対象から早朝空腹時血液検体を採血する。すべての採取した血液を、25−ヒドロキシビタミンDの含有濃度について分析し、データを、ベースライン値の補正を行った後に治療群によって解析する。対象は、4つのすべての治療群において、1〜3日目に採血された空腹時血液検体の分析をベースにしてほぼ16〜18ng/mLの平均ベースライン血清中25−ヒドロキシビタミンD濃度を示す。群#4の対象(対照群)は、研究過程にわたって平均血清中25−ヒドロキシビタミンDの有意な変化を示さない。群#1の対象は、23日目までに少なくとも30ng/mLに到達する着実に増加する平均血清中25−ヒドロキシビタミンDを示す。極めて対照的に、群#2の対象は、投与後の最初の数日間、29ng/mLの最大値に到達する平均血清中25−ヒドロキシビタミンDの著しい増加を示し、その後急速に降下する。研究終了まで、群#2の血清中25−ヒドロキシビタミンDは、ベースラインに比べて有意に低い。群#3の対象は、投与後の最初の2週間を通して平均血清中25−ヒドロキシビタミンDの持続的増加を示し、その後、緩慢ではあるが漸進的な減少が起こる。研究終了まで、平均血清中25−ヒドロキシビタミンDは、30ng/mL未満であり、治療前ベースラインに比べてほぼ11ng/mLだけ高い。本研究によるデータは、本明細書に記載のように製剤化され、1日30μgの投与量で20日間投与される600μgの25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3の投与は、25−ジドロキシビタミンDの低い血清中濃度を最適濃度まで戻す上で、NKFおよび経口ビタミンD補充療法に関する他の指導的専門家によって現在推奨されているような、単回投与で投与される50,000IUのエルゴカルシフェロールまたはコレカルシフェロールのどちらかの即放性製剤に比べて実質上より効果的であることを立証している。
ステージ4のCKD、およびビタミンDの不足に付随する二次性副甲状腺機能亢進症を有する患者での効力研究
血清中総25−ヒドロキシビタミンDを最適濃度(>30ng/mL)まで戻す上での経口即放性および調節放出性25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3の有効性を、ステージ4のCKD、およびビタミンDの不足に付随する二次性副甲状腺機能亢進症を有する成人の男性および女性患者での6カ月間の研究で調べる。研究では2種の製剤を使用する。製剤の1つ(製剤#1)は、調節放出性製剤中に40μgの25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3を含有する軟質ゼラチンカプセルである。第2の製剤(製剤#2)は、即放性製剤中に40μgの25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3を含有する軟質ゼラチンカプセルである。本研究には、全部で100名の対象が参加し、そのすべては、30〜70歳であり、15〜29ng/mL(両端を含む)の血清中25−ヒドロキシビタミンD濃度、および登録時点で最新のK/DOQIガイドライン中に発表されている目標濃度を超える血清中全分子副甲状腺ホルモン(iPTH)濃度を有する。すべての対象は、研究開始前の60日間および続いて研究終了までの他のビタミンDサプリメントの摂取、ならびに特に問題となるほどの総曝露を絶つ。すべての対象は、製剤#1または製剤#2のどちらかの2カプセルで毎日の投与を開始する。血清中総25−ヒドロキシビタミンDを隔週間隔で測定し、血清中iPTHを3カ月置きの間隔で測定する。1カ月後、両製剤の1日当たり投与量を、血清中総25−ヒドロキシビタミンDが50〜90ng/mLである患者では変えないで維持し、血清中総25−ヒドロキシビタミンDが50ng/mL未満である患者では1カプセルだけ増やし、血清中総25−ヒドロキシビタミンDが90ng/mLを超える患者では1日1カプセルだけ減らす。血清中総25−ヒドロキシビタミンDを50〜90ng/mLに維持するために、1日当たり投与量のさらなる調整を行う。製剤#1および#2の投与は、両方とも、高カルシウム血症、高カルシウム尿症および高リン血症を発症しないとの条件で期限を決めずに継続されるが、その場合には、投与量の適切な調整がなされる。6カ月後、対象の血清中総25−ヒドロキシビタミンD濃度は、製剤#1を用いる治療で50〜90ng/mLで安定したままであることが見出され、血清中iPTHは、K/DOQIガイドライン中に発表されている目標と一致した濃度で安定したままであることが見出される。高カルシウム血症、高カルシウム尿症および高リン血症の発症は、いったん安定した投与が達成されると稀である。対照的に、6カ月後、対象の血清中総25−ヒドロキシビタミンD濃度は、製剤#2を用いる治療で50〜90ng/mLで安定したままであることが見出されず、血清中iPTHは、K/DOQIガイドライン中に発表されている目標と一致した濃度に到達しない。高カルシウム血症、高カルシウム尿症および高リン血症の発症は、実在する。
Claims (30)
- 製剤を摂取する対象の消化管中でのビタミンD化合物の制御放出のための製剤であって、ワックス状制御放出性担体物質、類脂質性物質、ビタミンD化合物用油性ビヒクル、およびビタミンD化合物を含む固体または半固体のワックス状混合物を含有し、ビタミンD化合物は25−ヒドロキシビタミンD2、25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3またはその組み合わせからなる群より選ばれる化合物を含む、製剤。
- 前記混合物が、室温で固体または半固体、体温で半固体または液体である、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 前記ワックス状制御放出性担体物質が非消化性ワックスを含む、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 前記非消化性ワックスがパラフィンワックスを含む、請求項3に記載の製剤。
- 前記ワックス状制御放出性担体物質が5wt%〜35wt%の範囲の量で存在する、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 前記類脂質性物質が13〜18の範囲のHLBを有する、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 前記類脂質性物質が7未満のHLBを有する乳化剤である、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 前記類脂質性物質がポリグリコール化グリセリドを含む、請求項1に記載に製剤。
- 前記ポリグリコール化グリセリドが44℃の融点および14のHLBを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の製剤。
- 前記類脂質性物質が、7未満のHLBを有する親油性乳化剤と13〜18のHLB値を有する吸収増強剤との混合物を含む、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 前記油性ビヒクルが非消化性オイルを含む、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 前記ビタミンD化合物が25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3を含む、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 製剤を摂取する対象の消化管中でのビタミンD化合物の制御放出のための製剤であって、ワックス状制御放出性担体物質、類脂質性物質、ビタミンD化合物用油性ビヒクル、およびビタミンD化合物を含む固体または半固体のワックス状混合物を含有し、前記混合物が、室温で固体または半固体、体温で半固体または液体であり、ビタミンD化合物は25−ヒドロキシビタミンD2、25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3またはその組み合わせからなる群より選ばれる化合物を含む、製剤。
- 製剤を摂取する対象の消化管中でのビタミンD化合物の制御放出のための製剤であって、ワックス状制御放出性担体物質、類脂質性物質、ビタミンD化合物用油性ビヒクル、およびビタミンD化合物を含む固体または半固体のワックス状混合物を含有し、前記油性ビヒクルが非消化性オイルを含み、ビタミンD化合物は25−ヒドロキシビタミンD2、25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3またはその組み合わせからなる群より選ばれる化合物を含む、製剤。
- 製剤を摂取する対象の消化管中でのビタミンD化合物の制御放出のための製剤であって、パラフィンワックス、脂肪酸モノ及びジグリセリド、ミネラルオイル、ポリグリコール化グリセリド、およびビタミンD化合物を含む固体または半固体のワックス状混合物を含有し、ビタミンD化合物は25−ヒドロキシビタミンD2、25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3またはその組み合わせからなる群より選ばれる化合物を含む、製剤。
- 製剤を摂取する対象の消化管中での25−ヒドロキシビタミンD化合物の制御放出のための経口カプセル製剤であって、カプセルの殻中に配置された固体または半固体のワックス状混合物を含有し、前記混合物が、25−ヒドロキシビタミンD化合物、ワックス状制御放出性担体物質、類脂質性物質、および25−ヒドロキシビタミンD化合物用油性ビヒクルを含む、製剤。
- 前記ワックス状制御放出性担体物質が非消化性ワックスを含み、前記類脂質性物質が7未満のHLBを有する親油性乳化剤と13〜18のHLB値を有する吸収増強剤との混合物を含み、25−ヒドロキシビタミンD化合物用油性ビヒクルがミネラルオイルを含む、請求項16に記載の製剤。
- 非消化性ワックスがパラフィンワックスを含み、7未満のHLBを有する親油性乳化剤が脂肪酸モノ及びジグリセリドの混合物を含み、13〜18のHLB値を有する吸収増強剤がポリグリコール化グリセリドを含み、25−ヒドロキシビタミンD化合物用油性ビヒクルが流動パラフィンを含み、25−ヒドロキシビタミンD化合物が25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3を含む、請求項17に記載の製剤。
- 13〜18のHLB値を有する吸収増強剤が44℃の融点および14のHLBを有するポリグリコール化グリセリドを含む、請求項18に記載の製剤。
- パラフィンワックスが10wt%〜30wt%の範囲の量で存在し、親油性乳化剤が20wt%〜40wt%の範囲の量で存在し、吸収増強剤が8wt%〜15wt%の範囲の量で存在し、流動パラフィンが20wt%〜40wt%の範囲の量で存在する、請求項18または19に記載の製剤。
- 崩壊剤を本質的に含有しない請求項16から20までのいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 単位用量カプセルの形態である請求項16から21までのいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- それを必要とする患者のビタミンD補充療法による治療方法で使用するための請求項16から22までのいずれか1項に記載の製剤であって、前記治療が前記患者に前記製剤を経口投与することを含む、製剤。
- 前記治療が、前記製剤の単位投与量の投与後に3ng/mLを超えない血清中または血中総25−ヒドロキシビタミンD濃度の一時的増加を生じさせる、請求項23に記載の製剤。
- 前記治療が、前記製剤の単位投与量の投与後に75pg/mLを超えない血清中または血中総1,25−ジヒドロキシビタミンD濃度の一時的増加を生じさせる、請求項23または24に記載の製剤。
- 25−ヒドロキシビタミンD化合物が25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3を含み、前記治療がヒト患者に25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3を1日につき1〜100μgの範囲の量で長期間投与することを含む、請求項23から25までのいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 前記長期間が少なくとも1カ月である、請求項26に記載の製剤。
- 前記ヒト患者のビタミンDが欠乏している、請求項23から27までのいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 前記ヒト患者が、ビタミンD欠乏症に付随した二次性副甲状腺機能亢進症または腎臓病に付随した二次性副甲状腺機能亢進症を有する、請求項23から28までのいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 25−ヒドロキシビタミンD化合物が25−ヒドロキシビタミンD3を含み、前記治療がヒト患者の血清中25−ヒドロキシビタミンD濃度を少なくとも30ng/mLまで上昇させることを含む、請求項23から29までのいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
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