JP4390457B2 - メタロプロテイナーゼ阻害剤 - Google Patents
メタロプロテイナーゼ阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4390457B2 JP4390457B2 JP2002573760A JP2002573760A JP4390457B2 JP 4390457 B2 JP4390457 B2 JP 4390457B2 JP 2002573760 A JP2002573760 A JP 2002573760A JP 2002573760 A JP2002573760 A JP 2002573760A JP 4390457 B2 JP4390457 B2 JP 4390457B2
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Classifications
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/72—Two oxygen atoms, e.g. hydantoin
- C07D233/76—Two oxygen atoms, e.g. hydantoin with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to the third ring carbon atom
- C07D233/78—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
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Description
Lora-Tamayo, M et al(1968, An. Quim 64(6):591-606)は、強力な抗癌剤としての以下の化合物の合成を記載する:
Xは、NR1、O、Sから選択され;
Y1とY2は、独立に、O、Sから選択され;
R1は、H、アルキル、ハロアルキルから選択され;
上記の何れのアルキルも、直鎖もしくは分枝であり得;
上記の何れのアルキルも、好ましくは(C1−7)アルキルであり、最も好ましくは(C1−6)アルキルである]を有することを特徴とする。
Xは、NR1、O、Sより選択される;
Y1およびY2は、独立的にO、Sより選択される;
Zは、SO2N(R6)、N(R7)SO2、N(R7)SO2N(R6)より選択される;
mは、1または2である;
Aは、直接的結合、(C1-6)アルキル、(C1-6)ハロアルキル、またはN、O、S、SO、SO2より選択されるヘテロ基を含む、またはN、O、S、SO、SO2より選択される2ヘテロ基を含む、かつ少なくとも2炭素原子によって分離される(C1-6)ヘテロアルキルより選択される;
R1は、H、(C1-3)アルキル、ハロアルキルより選択される;
それぞれのR2およびR3は、独立的にH、ハロゲン(好ましくはフッ素)、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、アルキル-ヘテロアリール、ヘテロアルキル-アリール、ヘテロアルキル-ヘテロアリール、アリール-アルキル、アリール-ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロアリール-アルキル、ヘテロアリール-ヘテロアルキル、アリール-アリール、アリール-ヘテロアリール、ヘテロアリール-アリール、ヘテロアリール-ヘテロアリール、シクロアルキル-アルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル-アルキルより選択される;
R6は、H、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、アルキル-ヘテロアリール、ヘテロアルキル-アリール、ヘテロアルキル-ヘテロアリール、アリールアルキル、アリール-ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロアリール-アルキル、ヘテロアリール-ヘテロアルキル、アリール-アリール、アリール-ヘテロアリール、ヘテロアリール-アリール、ヘテロアリール-ヘテロアリールより選択される;
それぞれのR2、R3およびR6ラジカルは、独立的に1または2以上の(好ましくは1)アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ハロ、ハロアルキル、ヒドロキシ、アルコキシ、ハロアルコキシ、チオール、アルキルチオール、アリールチオール、アルキルスルホン、ハロアルキルスルホン、アリールスルホン、アミノスルホン、N-アルキルアミノスルホン、N,N-ジアルキルアミノスルホン、アリールアミノスルホン、アミノ、N-アルキルアミノ、N,N-ジアルキルアミノ、アミド、N-アルキルアミド、N,N-ジアルキルアミド、シアノ、スルホンアミノ、アルキルスルホンアミノ、アリールスルホンアミノ、アミジノ、N-アミノスルホン-アミジノ、グアニジノ、N-シアノ-グアニジノ、チオグアニジノ、2-ニトロ-エテン-1,1-ジアミン、カルボキシ、アルキル-カルボキシ、ニトロより選択される基で所望により置換されてもよい;
R5は、それぞれ独立的にシクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロシクロアルキルまたはヘテロアリールより選択される7環原子までの1、2または3環構造を含む単環式、二環式または三環式基であり、それぞれの環構造はハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、アルキル、アルコキシ、ハロアルコキシ、アミノ、N-アルキルアミノ、N,N-ジアルキルアミノ、アルキルスルホンアミノ、アルキルカルボキシアミノ、シアノ、ニトロ、チオール、アルキルチオール、アルキルスルホニル、ハロアルキルスルホニル、アルキルアミノスルホニル、カルボキシレート、アルキルカルボキシレート、アミノカルボキシ、N-アルキルアミノ-カルボキシ、N,N-ジアルキルアミノ-カルボキシより独立的に選択される1または2以上の置換基によって所望により独立的に置換されてよく、ここで、いずれかの置換基内のいずれかアルキルラジカルそれ自体は、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、アルコキシ、ハロアルコキシ、アミノ、N-アルキルアミノ、N,N-ジアルキルアミノ、N-アルキルスルホンアミノ、N-アルキルカルボキシアミノ、シアノ、ニトロ、チオール、アルキルチオール、アルキルスルホニル、N-アルキルアミノスルホニル、カルボキシレート、アルキルカルボキシ、アミノカルボキシ、N-アルキルアミノカルボキシ、N,N-ジアルキルアミノカルボキシより選択される1または2以上の基で所望により置換されてもよい;
R7は、(C1-6)アルキル、(C3-7)シクロアルキル、(C2-6)ヘテロアルキル、(C2-6)シクロヘテロアルキルより選択される;
前概説のいずれかのヘテロアルキル基は、N、O、S、SO、SO2より独立的に選択される1または2以上のヘテロ基を含むヘテロ原子-置換されたアルキルであり、(ヘテロ基はヘテロ原子または原子の基である);
前概説いずれかのヘテロシクロアルキルまたはヘテロアリール基は独立的にN、O、S、SO、SO2より選択される1または2以上のヘテロ基を含む;
前概説いずれかのアルキル、アルケニルまたはアルキニル基は、直鎖または分枝であってよい;ただし特記するときはこの限りでなく、前概説いずれかのアルキル基は、好ましくは(C1-7)アルキルおよびもっとも好ましくは(C1-6)アルキルである;
Xは、NR1、R1は、H、Y1は、O、Y2は、O、Zは、SO2N(R6)、R6は、H、R2は、H、mは、1、R3は、H、R4は、H、およびAは、直接的結合であるとき、そのときR5は、フェニル、p-ニトロ-フェニル、p-エトキシフェニルまたはm-メチルフェニルでない;
Xは、SまたはNR1およびR1は、H、Y1は、O、Y2は、O、Zは、SO2N(R6)、R6は、アルキル、R2は、H、mは、1、R3およびR4のいずれかは、Hおよびその他は、アルキル、R3およびR6またはR4およびR6は結合して5-員環を形成し、かつAは、直接的結合であるとき、そのときR5は、フェニルでない。
Xは、NR1である;
Zは、SO2N(R6)、特にここで、基ZのS原子は、式Iの化合物中基Aに付着される;
Y1およびY2の少なくとも1つは、Oである;特に両方のY1およびY2は、Oである;
mは、1である;
R1は、H、(C1-3)アルキル、(C1-3)ハロアルキルである;特にR1は、Hである;
R2は、H、アルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、アミノアルキル、シクロアルキル-アルキル、アルキル-シクロアルキル、アリールアルキル、アルキルアリール、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル-アルキル、アルキル-ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロアリール-アルキル、ヘテロアルキル-アリールである;特にR2は、アルキル、アミノアルキルまたはヘテロアリール-アルキルである。
R3および/またはR4は、メチルである;
R3およびR4は5-または6-員環(好ましくは5-員環)を形成し、またはR3およびR6は5-または6-員環(好ましくは5-員環)を形成し、またはR4およびR6は5-または6-員環(好ましくは5-員環)を形成する;特にR3およびR6は5-または6-員環、もっとも好ましくは5-員環を形成する;
R2およびR3を形成する5-員環またはR2およびR6を形成する5-員環;
R5は1、2または3つの所望により置換されたアリールまたはヘテロアリール5-または6-員環を含む;
R5は、2または3つの所望により置換された環構造を含む二環式または三環式基である;
特に好ましい式Iの化合物は、式中、R5は、2または3つの所望により置換された環構造を含むものである。
他の式Iの特定の化合物は、式中、Y1は、O、Y2は、O、Xは、NR1、R1は、H、R2は、H、メチル、またはベンジル、mは、1、R3は、Hまたはメチル、R4は、H、Zは、SO2N(R6)、R6は、H、Aは、直接的結合、かつR5は、2または3つの所望により置換された環構造を含む二環式または三環式基であるものである。いくつかのそのような化合物は、実施例3に記載する。
それぞれのG1およびG2は、それぞれシクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロシクロアルキルまたはヘテロアリールより独立的に選択される7までの環原子を含む単環式環構造であり、それぞれの環構造は、独立的にハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、ハロアルコキシ、アミノ、N-アルキルアミノ、N,N-ジアルキルアミノ、シアノ、ニトロ、アルキル、アルコキシ、アルキルスルホン、ハロアルキルスルホン、アルキルカルバメート、アルキルアミドより選択される1または2置換基によって独立的に所望により置換され、ここで、いずれかの置換基中のいずれかのアルキルラジカルそれ自体は、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、アミノ、N-アルキルアミノ、N,N-ジアルキルアミノ、シアノ、ニトロ、アルコキシ、ハロアルコキシより選択される1または2以上の基で所望により置換されてもよい;
Bは、直接的結合、O、(C1-6)アルキル、(C1-6)ヘテロアルキルより選択される;
R2は、H、(C1-6)アルキル、ハロアルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、アルコキシアルキル、アミノアルキル、(N-アルキルアミノ)アルキル、(N,N-ジアルキルアミノ)アルキル、アミドアルキル、チオアルキルより選択され、またはR2は、式IIIの基である;
所望によりR2は、ハロ、ハロアルキル、ヒドロキシ、アルコキシ、ハロアルコキシ、アミノ、アミノアルキル、N-アルキルアミノ、N,N-ジアルキルアミノ、(N-アルキルアミノ)アルキル、(N,N-ジアルキルアミノ)アルキル、アルキルスルホン、アミノスルホン、N-アルキルアミノ-スルホン、N,N-ジアルキルアミノ-スルホン、アミド、N-アルキルアミド、N,N-ジアルキルアミド、シアノ、スルホンアミノ、アルキル-スルホンアミノ、アミジノ、N-アミノスルホン-アミジノ、グアニジノ、N-シアノ-グアニジノ、チオグアニジノ、2-ニトログアニジノ、2-ニトロ-エテン-1,1-ジアミノ、カルボキシ、アルキルカルボキシで置換される;
R3およびR4は、独立的にHまたは(C1-3)アルキルより選択される;
所望によりR2およびR3は結合して7までの環原子を含む環を形成し得、またはR2およびR4は結合して7までの環原子を含む環を形成し得、またはR2およびR6は結合して7までの環原子を含む環を形成し得、またはR3およびR4は結合して7までの環原子を含む環を形成し得、またはR3およびR6は結合して7までの環原子を含む環を形成し得、またはR4およびR6は結合して7までの環原子を含む環を形成し得る;
前概説いずれかのヘテロシクロアルキルまたはヘテロアリール基は、独立的にN、O、S、SO、SO2より選択される1または2以上のヘテロ基を含む;
前概説アルキル、アルケニルまたはアルキニル基は直鎖または分枝であり得る;ただし特記するときはこの限りでなく、前概説いずれかアルキル基は、好ましくは(C1-7)アルキルおよびもっとも好ましくは(C1-6)アルキルである。
Zは、SO2N(R6)および基ZのS原子は、G2環に結合する;
Bは、直接的結合またはOである;
R2は、H、(C1-6)アルキル、アリール-(C1-6)アルキルまたはヘテロアリール-(C1-6)アルキル{ハロ、ハロアルキル、ヒドロキシ、アルコキシ、ハロアルコキシ、アミノ、アミノアルキル、N-アルキルアミノ、N,N-ジアルキルアミノ、(N-アルキルアミノ)アルキル、(N,N-ジアルキルアミノ)アルキル、アルキルスルホン、アミノスルホン、N-アルキルアミノ-スルホン、N,N-ジアルキルアミノ-スルホン、アミド、N-アルキルアミド、N,N-ジアルキルアミド、シアノ、スルホンアミノ、アルキル-スルホンアミノ、アミジノ、N-アミノスルホン-アミジノ、グアニジノ、N-シアノ-グアニジノ、チオグアニジノ、2-ニトログアニジノ、2-ニトロ-エテン-1,1-ジアミノ、カルボキシ(caboxy)、アルキルカルボキシで所望により置換されてもよい}より選択される;
それぞれのR3およびR4は、Hである;
G1およびG2はそれぞれアリールまたはヘテロアリールより選択される;
R3およびR4は5-または6-員環(好ましくは5-員環)を形成し、またはR3およびR6は5-または6-員環(好ましくは5-員環)を形成し、またはR4およびR6は5-または6-員環(好ましくは5-員環)を形成し;特にR3およびR6は5-または6-員環、もっとも好ましくは5-員環を形成する;
R2およびR3は5-員環を形成し、またはR2およびR6は5-員環を形成する。
例えば、本発明の特定の化合物は、式II、式中、
(a)Bは、直接的結合またはOである;かつZは、SO2N(R6)であり;かつR2は、ハロ、ハロアルキル、ヒドロキシ、アルコキシ、ハロアルコキシ、アミノ、アミノアルキル、N-アルキルアミノ、N,N-ジアルキルアミノ、(N-アルキルアミノ)アルキル、(N,N-ジアルキルアミノ)アルキル、アルキルスルホニル、アミノスルホニル、N-アルキルアミノ-スルホニル、N,N-ジアルキルアミノ-スルホニル、アミド、N-アルキルアミド、N,N-ジアルキルアミド、シアノ、スルホンアミノ、アルキル-スルホンアミノ、アミジノ、N-アミノスルホン-アミジノ、グアニジノ、N-シアノ-グアニジノ、チオグアニジノ、2-ニトログアニジノ、2-ニトロ-エテン-1,1-ジアミノ、カルボキシ(caboxy)、アルキルカルボキシで所望により置換されてもよいH、(C1-6)アルキル、アリール-(C1-6)アルキルまたはヘテロアリール-(C1-6)アルキルより選択される;かつそれぞれのR3およびR4は、Hであり;かつR6は、H、ベンジルまたはメチレンピリジンである;または
各々の例示された化合物は、本発明の特定かつ独立の態様である。
典型的な単位投与系は、約1mgから500mgの本発明の化合物を含む。
別の側面では、本発明は、式IまたはIIの化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩またはインビボ加水分解可能エステルの製造方法を提供し、以下の(a)ないし(c)に記載のとおりである。関連する出発材料の多くは、商業的にまたは他にも利用可能でありまたは既知方法によって合成し得、または科学文献に見出し得ることが理解される。
R6がHであるとき、式IVのN1-BOC-D-ジアミノプロピオン酸誘導体を、式Vの好適なスルホニルクロリドと、塩基性媒体中で反応させ、式VIのスルホンアミドを形成する。酸媒体中の脱保護、対応する尿素ヘの、シアン酸カリウムとの反応および酸媒体中の最終結晶化は、式Iの化合物をもたらす。
R6が所望により置換されたベンジル、メチルベンジル、メチルピリジル、メチルヘテロアリールであるとき、式IVのN2置換されたアミノ酸を、Helv.Chem.Acta,46,327,(1963)にしたがって製造する。
R2がHであり、R3がHであり、かつR4がアルキルまたはアリールである化合物は、Fehrentz, JA, Castro,B.;Synthesis, 676,(1983)にしたがって製造される式VIIの対応するBOCN保護したαアミノ酸アルデヒドから出発して製造し得る。
スキーム2
単離した酵素のアッセイ
例えばMMP12、13を含むマトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼのファミリー
ヒトのリコンビナントのMMP12触媒ドメインを、Parkar A.A. et al, (2000), Protein ExpressionおよびPurification, 20:152 に記載された通りに発現し、精製し得る。精製した酵素は、下記のように活性の阻害剤をモニターするのに用い得る:
MMP12(50ng/ml 最終濃度)を、アッセイ緩衝液(0.1M NaCl、20mM CaCl2、0.040mM ZnCl、および0.05%(w/v) ブリジ 35を含む0.1M Tris−HCl(pH 7.3))中で、合成基質:Mac−Pro−Cha−Gly−Nva−His−Ala−Dpa−NH2を用いて、阻害剤の存在下もしくは非存在下で、室温で、30分間インキュベートする。活性は、λex 328nm、λem 393nmの蛍光を測定することによって決定する。パーセント阻害は下記のように計算する:
%阻害は、 [蛍光阻害剤添加−蛍光バックグラウンド] を、[蛍光阻害剤非添加−蛍光バックグラウンド] で割ったものと等しい。
21℃で、1mM アミノフェニル水銀酸(APMA)を用いて、精製したMMP13前駆体を20時間活性化する;活性化したMMP13(アッセイ当たり11.25ng)は、35℃で、アッセイ緩衝液(0.1M NaCl、20mM CaCl2、0.02mM ZnCl、0.05%(w/v) ブリジ35を含む 0.1M Tris−HCl(pH7.5))中で、合成基質7−メトキシクマリン−4−イル)アセチル.Pro.Leu.Gly.Leu.N−3−(2,4−ジニトロフェニル)−L−2,3−ジアミノプロピオニル.Ala.Arg.NH2 を用いて、阻害剤の存在下または非存在下で、4−5時間インキュベートする。活性は、λex 328nm、λem 393nmの蛍光を測定することによって決定する。パーセント阻害は下記のように計算する:
%阻害は、 [蛍光阻害剤添加−蛍光バックグラウンド] を、[蛍光阻害剤非添加−蛍光バックグラウンド] で割ったものと等しい。
同様のプロトコルは、特定のMMPに最適の基質と緩衝液の条件、例えば C. Graham Knight et al., (1992) FEBS Lett. 296(3):263-266 で記載されたような条件を用いて、発現し単離したプロMMPに使い得る。
本化合物がプロTNFαコンバターゼを阻害することができるかは、K. M. Mohler et al., (1994) Nature 370:218-220 に記載されたように、THP−1の膜から得られた、一部精製し単離した酵素のアッセイを用いて評価され得る。精製した酵素の活性とその阻害は、試験化合物の存在下または非存在下、アッセイ緩衝液(0.1%(w/v)トリトン X−100および2mM CaCl2を含む50mM Tris HCl(pH7.4))中の、基質4',5'−ジメトキシフルオレセイニル Ser.Pro.Leu.Ala.Gln.Ala.Val.Arg.Ser.Ser.Ser.Arg.Cys(4−(3−スクシンイミド−1−イル)−フルオレセイン)−NH2を用いて、一部精製した酵素を26℃で18時間インキュベートすることによって決定される。阻害の量は、λex 490nm、λem 530nmを用いた他は、MMP13と同様に決定される。基質は、下記のように合成される。基質のペプチド部分は、Fmoc−アミノ酸とO−ベンズトリアゾール−1−イル−N,N,N',N'−テトラメチルウロニウム ヘキサフルオロリン酸(HBTU)をカップリング試薬として用いることを含む標準的な方法によって、少なくとも4倍または5倍過剰のFmoc-アミノ酸とHBTUを用いて、手動または自動ペプチド合成装置のどちらかで、Fmoc−NH−リンク−MBHA−ポリスチレン樹脂で合成した。Ser1とPro2を二重にカップリングした。下記の側鎖の保護方法を用いた;Ser1(But)、Gln5(Trityl)、Arg8,12(Pmc またはPbf)、Ser9,10,11(Trityl)、Cys13(Trityl)。合成終了後、N末端のFmoc保護基は、Fmoc−ペプチジル−樹脂をDMFで処理することによって除いた。得られたアミノ−ペプチジル−樹脂は、1.5−2当量の4',5'−ジメトキシフルオレセイン−4(5)−カルボン酸 [Khanna & Ullman, (1980) Anal Biochem. 108:156-161] (DMF中のジイソプロピルカルボジイミドと1−ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾールで予め活性化した)で、1.5−2時間70℃で処理することによって、アシル化した。ジメトキシフルオレセイニル−ペプチドは、水とトリエチルシランを各々5%ずつ含む、トリフルオロ酢酸で処理することによって脱保護し、同時に樹脂から切断した。ジメトキシフルオレセイニル−ペプチドを、溶媒を留去し、ジエチルエーテルでトリチュレートし、濾過することによって単離した。単離したペプチドは、ジイソプロピルエチルアミンを含むDMF中で、4−(N−マレイミド)−フルオレセインと反応させ、生成物をRP−HPLCによって精製し、最後に酢酸水溶液から凍結乾燥法によって単離した。生成物は、MALDI−TOF MSとアミノ酸分析によって特性決定した。
アグリカンの分解の阻害剤としての、本発明の化合物は、例えば E. C. Arner et al., (1998) OsteoarthritisおよびCartilage 6:214-228; (1999) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 274 (10), 6594-6601 の開示に基づく方法と、そこで記載された抗体を用いて評価され得る。コラゲナーゼに対して阻害剤として作用する化合物の活性は、T. CawstonおよびA. Barrett (1979) Anal. Biochem. 99:340-345 に記載されたように決定され得る。
TNFコンバターゼのような膜シェダーゼを阻害する薬剤としてのテスト
本発明の化合物がTNFαの生成の細胞内の加工・処理を阻害することができるかは、本質的に、THP−1細胞において、ELISAを用いて、K. M. Mohler et al., (1994) Nature 370:218-220 に記載されたように、放出されたTNFを検出することによって評価され得る。類似の方法で、N. M. Hooper et al., (1997) Biochem. J. 321:265-279 に記載されたような他の膜分子の加工・処理またはシェディングを、適切な細胞株と、シェッドタンパク質を検出するための適切な抗体を用いてテストし得る。
浸潤アッセイにおいて、本発明の化合物が細胞の転移を阻害することができるかは、A. Albini et al., (1987) Cancer Research 47:3239-3245 に記載されたように決定され得る。
本発明の化合物がTNFα生成を阻害することができるかは、TNFαの放出を刺激するために、LPSを用いたヒトの全血液アッセイにおいて評価する。ボランティアから得たヘパリン処理した(10単位/ml)ヒトの血液を、溶媒(RPMI 1640+炭酸水素イオン、ペニシリン、ストレプトマイシン、グルタミン)で、1:5に希釈し、試験化合物20μl(3組)と、DMSOまたは適当な賦形剤中で、加湿(5%CO2/95%空気)インキュベーター中で、30分間37℃でインキュベートした後、20μlのLPS(E. coli. 0111:B4; 最終濃度10μg/ml)を加える(160μl)。各アッセイは、溶媒のみ(6ウェル/プレート)と、または標準として既知のTNFα阻害剤とインキュベートした、希釈した血液のコントロールを含む。次いで、プレートは37℃で6時間インキュベートし(加湿インキュベーター)、遠心分離し(2000rpm、10分間;4℃)、血漿を採取し(50−100μl)、96ウェルプレート中で−70℃で保存し、次にTNFαの濃度をELISAによって分析する。
本発明の化合物がアグリカンまたは軟骨のコラーゲン構成成分の分解を阻害することができるかは、本質的に K. M. Bottomley et al., (1997) Biochem J. 323:483-488 に記載されたように評価し得る。
本発明の化合物のクリアランス性とバイオアベイラビリティーを評価するために、ex vivo での薬物動態学テストを、上記の合成基質アッセイ、あるいはHPLCもしくはマス・スペクトル分析を利用して行う。これは、化合物のクリアランス速度を、種間で推定するために用いられ得る一般的なテストである。動物(例えばラット、マーモセット)に、化合物の可溶性の製剤(20% w/v DMSO、60% w/v PEG400など)を、静脈内または経口投与し、その後の時点(例えば5、15、30、60、120、240、480、720、1220分)で、血液の試料を適切な血管から10Uへパリン中に採る。次に遠心分離にかけて血漿のフラクションを得て、血漿タンパク質をアセトニトリル(最終濃度80% w/v)で沈殿させた。−20℃で30分間遠心分離にかけて血漿タンパク質を沈殿させ、上清のフラクションを、Savant speed vac を用いて乾固するまで蒸発させる。沈殿物をアッセイ緩衝液中で再構成し、次に合成基質アッセイを用いて、化合物の含有量を分析する。要するに、化合物濃度−応答曲線を評価中の化合物について作製する。再構成した血漿抽出物の連続希釈液の活性を評価し、元の血漿試料中に存在する化合物の量を、全血漿の希釈倍数を算入して、該濃度−応答曲線を用いて計算する。
抗TNF薬としてのテスト
本発明の化合物が ex vivo でTNFα阻害剤となり得るかは、ラットにおいて評価される。要点は、オスの Wistar Alderley Park (AP) ラット(180−210g)のグループに、化合物を(ラット6匹)、または薬剤の賦形剤を(ラット10匹)、適切な経路、例えば経口(p.o.)、腹腔内(i.p.)、皮下(s.c.)で投与する。90分後、ラットをCO2濃度を上げて殺し、5単位のヘパリン ナトリウム/ml 血液へ、後大静脈を介して採血する。血液試料はすぐに氷上に置き、4℃で2000rpm、10分間遠心分離し、LPSで刺激したヒトの血液によるTNFα生産への効果を、次に分析するために、得られた血漿を−20℃で凍らせた。ラットの血漿の試料を解凍し、96Uウェルプレート中のフォーマット・パターンのセットに、各試料を175μlずつ加える。50μlのヘパリン処理したヒトの血液を、各ウェルに加え、混合し、プレートを37℃で30分間インキュベート(加湿インキュベーター)する。LPS(25μl;最終濃度10μg/ml)を、ウェルに加え、さらに5.5時間インキュベーションを続ける。コントロール・ウェルを、25μlの溶媒のみでインキュベートする。次に、プレートを2000rpmで10分間遠心分離し、200μlの上清を96ウェルプレートに移し、次にELISAによってTNFの濃度を分析するために、−20℃で凍らせた。
抗関節炎薬としての本発明の化合物の活性は、D. E. Trentham et al., (1977) J. Exp. Med. 146,:857 で記載された通りに、コラーゲン誘発関節炎(CIA)で試験する。このモデルでは、酸に可溶な天然型タイプ II コラーゲンが、フロイント不完全アジュバントで投薬したときに、ラットにおいて多発性関節炎を引き起こす。同条件下で、マウスと霊長類で関節炎を誘発するために使い得る。
本発明の化合物の抗癌剤としての活性は、本質的に I. J. Fidler (1978) Methods in Cancer Research 15:399-439 で記載されたように、B16細胞株を用いて(B. Hibner et al., Abstract 283 p75 10th NCI-EORTC Symposium, Amsterdam 1998年6月16日−19日に記載)、評価され得る。
化合物の抗肺気腫薬としての活性は、本質的に Hautamaki et al (1997) Science, 277: 2002 に記載された通りに評価され得る。
一般的な分析方法:
1H−NMRスペクトルは、Varian UnityInova 400MHz または Varian Mercury-VX 300MHz instrument の何れかで記録された。クロロホルム−d(δH 7.27 ppm)、ジメチルスルホキシド−d6(δH 2.50 ppm)、またはメタノール−d4(δH 3.31 ppm)の溶媒のピークの中心を、内部標準として用いた。低解像度質量スペクトルを、APCI ionization chamberを備えたAgilent 1100 LC-MS systemで得た。
N-{[(4S)-2,5-ジオキソイミダゾリジニル]メチル}-4-(4-フルオロフェノキシ)ベンゼンスルホンアミド
および
N-{[(4S)-2,5-ジオキソイミダゾリジニル]メチル}[1,1'-ビフェニル]-4-スルホンアミド
R=4-フルオロフェノキシまたはR=フェニル
MS:m/z=380.1
N-{[(4S)-2,5-ジオキソイミダゾリジニル]メチル}[1,1'-ビフェニル]-4-スルホンアミド
MS:m/z=346.1
1H NMR:(DMSO):3.00 m(1.5H),3.10m(0.6H),(CH2), 4.10 m (1H,CH),7.5 m (3H),7.70d (2H),7.4 s (4H).
式Iの化合物を調製し、式中Y1は、O、Y2は、O、Xは、NR1、R1は、H、R2は、H、mは、1、R3は、H、R4は、H、Zは、SO2N(R6)、R6は、H、(C1-4)アルキル、メチルベンジル、またはメチルピリジル、Aは、直接的結合、かつR5は種々である。
合成を、手動操作の20-ウェルプレートで平行に実施した。
3-(4-クロロ-フェノキシ)N-(2,5-ジオキソ-イミダゾリジン-4-イルメチル)-ベンゼンスルホンアミド
化合物を、前記で示すようにスキーム2にしたがって調製した。
(a)出発材料 (アルデヒドまたはケトン)の調製
アルデヒドを、Fehrentz JAおよびCastro B, Synthesis, 676, (1983) によって記載された手法にしたがって調製した。ケトンを、Nahm SおよびWeinreb SM :Tetrahedron Lett.22, 3815, (1981) によって記載された手法にしたがって調製した。
アルデヒドまたはケトン(5 mmol)を、50%水エタノール(10 ml)および0.55 g (10 mmol)のナトリウムシアニド中に溶解し、そして2.7 g (25 mmol)の炭酸アンモニウムを、添加し、そして混合物を、シール管中で80℃に6時間加熱した。次いでそれを、冷却し、pHを、4に調節し、そしてそれを、真空で蒸発させた。残渣を、水(10 ml)と酢酸エチル間で分配しそして水相を、酢酸エチルで3-回再-抽出し、次いで蒸発させ、そしてジアステレオ異性体を、シリカクロマトグラフィーによって(勾配TBME-メタノール 0-10%MeOH)分離した。以下のヒダントインを、調製した。
H-NMR (CDCl3 .ppm):1.23d (3H),1.45s (9.1H),4.36m(1.1H),5.30bs(1.1H),10.1bs (1.3H)
H-NMR (CDCl3 .ppm):1.22d (3H),1.44s (9.2H),1.58s(3.1H), 3.95m(0.9H),5.5bs (1.5H),7.9bs(0.8H)
H-NMR (CDCl3 .ppm):1.29d (3H),1.54s (9.1H),1.50s(2.95H),4.25m(1.1H),5.5bs (1.8H),7.9bs(0.6H)
H-NMR (CDCl3 .ppm):1.31d(3H),1.35s (9.2H),4.65m(0.9H),6.10 d (0.94H),
7.25m(3.2H),7.60d (2.05H)
LC-MS: M++ H+ =170.0 (M+-BOC)
NMR: (CDCl3 .ppm):1.26 s (9H),1.7-1.9m (3.37H),2.1-2.2m (0.84H),3.35-3,44m (1.82H),4.1 bs (1.1H),
LC-MS: M++ H+ =170.0 (M+-BOC)
H-NMR: (CDCl3 .ppm):1.27 s (9H),1.65-2.0 m (広い),(4.47H),3.55m(1.15H,), 3.62m (0.55H),4.4 m (0.87H),
LC-MS: M++ H+ =170.0 (M+-BOC)
H-NMR: (CDCl3 .ppm):1.47 s (9H), 1.7-2.2m (広い) 4.30H,3.6 m (1.12H),3.8m (078H,3.6m(1.1H),
LC-MS: M++ H+ =170.0 (M+-BOC)
H-NMR: (CDCl3 .ppm):1.47 s (9H), 1.7-2.2m (広い) 4.30H,3.6 m (1.12H),3.8m (078H,3.6m(1.1H),
LC-MS: M++ H+ =183.1 (M+-BOC)
H-NMR: (CDCl3 .ppm):1.4 s (9H)1.50s(3.2H), 1.65-2.1m (広い) 4.20H,3.4 m (1.1H),3.5bs (0,78H,4.4m (0.94H),
LC-MS(APCI): M++ H+ = 144.2 (m/z)
R-5-(1-アミノエチル)-5-S-メチルイミダゾリジン-2,4-ジオントリフルオロアセテート
LC-MS(APCI): M++ H+ = 158.2 (m/z)
R-5-(1-アミノエチル)-5-R-メチルイミダゾリジン-2,4-ジオントリフルオロアセテート
LC-MS(APCI): M++ H+ = 158.2 (m/z)
LC-MS(APCI): M++ H+ =220.3 (m/z)
(5R)-5-[(2S)-ピロリジン-2-イル]イミダゾリジン-2,4-ジオントリフルオロアセテート
LC-MS(APCI): M++ H+ = 169.1 (m/z)
LC-MS(APCI): M++ H+ = 169.1 (m/z)
(5R)-5-[(2S)-ピロリジン-2-イル]イミダゾリジン-2,4-ジオン
LC-MS(APCI): M++ H+ = 169.1 (m/z)
LC-MS(APCI): M++ H+ = 169.1 (m/z)
(5S)-5-メチル-5-[(2R)-ピロリジン-2-イル]イミダゾリジン-2,4-ジオン
LC-MS(APCI): M++ H+ = 183.21(m/z)
合成を、手動操作で、20ウェルプレート上で、平行に実施した。
それぞれのウェルに、約7.5 umolの、0.5 mlのDCM中の対応するスルホニルクロリドを充填し、次いで0.5 mlDCM中の約15-20 umolの5-(1-アミノエチル) 5-アルキルイミダゾリン-2,4-ジオントリフルオロアセテート(完全な溶解のために小量のDMFを必要ならば添加した)および10 mgのジエチルアミノメチルポリスチレン樹脂を添加した。混合物を、終夜振とうし、200 mgのシリカゲルを経由してろ過した(3-5 mlの酢酸エチルで洗浄しそして純度を、LC-MSによって監視した。溶液を、蒸発させて乾燥し、すべての予測された化合物を十分な純度で得た。
[(4R)-2,5-ジオキソイミダゾリジニル]メタンスルホニルクロリド、[(4S)-2,5-ジオキソイミダゾリジニル]メタンスルホニルクロリドまたは[(R)-2,5-ジオキソイミダゾリジニル]-メタンスルホニルクロリドを、適当な第一級または第二級アミンと反応させ、以下に列挙の化合物を与えた。使用したすべてのアミンは商業的に利用可能である。
5-メチル-5-{[(フェニルメチル)チオ]メチル}イミダゾリジン-2,4-ジオン
スチール容器に、エタノールおよび水(315mL/135mL)を充填した。31.7g (0.175 mol)のベンジルチオアセトン、22.9g(0.351 mol)のカリウムシアニドおよび84.5g (0.879 mol)の炭酸アンモニウムを添加した。閉じた反応容器をオイルバス(バス温度90℃)中、強撹拌下で3時間維持した。
LC-MS (APCI) m/z 251.1 (MH+).
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 10.74 (1H,s); 8.00 (1H, s); 7.35-7.20 (5H, m); 3.76 (2H, s); 2.72, 2.62 (1H それぞれの, ABq, J=14.0 Hz); 1.29 (3H, s).
13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 177.30, 156.38, 138.11, 128.74, 128.24, 126.77, 62.93, 37.96, 36.39, 23.15.
表題化合物を、Dynamic Axial Compression Preparative HPLCシステム上の250mm x 50mm カラムを使用するラセミ材料のキラル分離によって調製した。使用した静止相は、CHIRALPAK AD、溶離剤=メタノール、流速=89mL/分、温度=環境、UV=220nm、サンプル濃度=150mg/mL、インジェクション体積=20mLであった。
キラル純度の分析を、Daicelからの250mm x 4.6mm CHIRALPAK-ADカラム、流速=0.5mL/分、溶離剤=エタノール、UV=220nm、温度=環境であった。
表題化合物のために保持時間=9.27分。
評価された純度は>99%ee。
LC-MS (APCI) m/z 251.1 (MH+).
[α]D=-30.3° (c=0.01g/mL, MeOH, T=20℃).
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 10.74 (1H,s); 8.00 (1H, s); 7.35-7.20 (5H, m); 3.76 (2H, s); 2.72, 2.62 (1H それぞれの, ABq, J=14.0 Hz); 1.29 (3H, s).
13C NMR (DMSO-d6)δ: 177.30, 156.28, 138.11, 128.74, 128.24, 126.77, 62.93, 37.96, 36.39, 23.15.
表題化合物を、Dynamic Axial Compression Preparative HPLCシステム上の250mm x 50mmカラムを使用するラセミ材料のキラル分離によって調製した。使用した静止相は、CHIRALPAK AD、溶離剤=メタノール、流速=89mL/分、温度=環境、UV=220nm、サンプル濃度=150mg/mL、インジェクション体積=20mL.
表題化合物のための保持時間= 10分.
キラル純度の分析をDaicelからの250mm x 4.6mm CHIRALPAK-ADカラム、流速=0.5mL/分、溶離剤=エタノール、UV=220nm、温度=環境を使用してする。
表題化合物について保持時間= 17.81分.
評価されたキラル純度>99%ee.
LC-MS (APCI) m/z 251.0 (MH+).
[α]D=+30.3° (c=0.01g/mL、MeOH, T=20℃).
1H NMR (DMSO-d6)δ: 10.74 (1H,s); 8.00 (1H, s); 7.35-7.20 (5H, m); 3.76 (2H, s); 2.72, 2.62 (1H それぞれの, ABq, J=14.0 Hz); 1.29 (3H, s).
13C NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 177.31, 156.30, 138.11, 128.74, 128.25, 126.77, 62.94, 37.97, 36.40, 23.16.
(5S)-5-メチル-5-{[(フェニルメチル)チオ]メチル}イミダゾリジン-2,4-ジオン(42.6g; 0.17mol)を、AcOH (450 mL)およびH2O (50 mL)の混合物に溶解した。混合物を、氷/水バスに浸し、Cl2 (g)を、溶液を通してバブリングし、ガス流を、+15℃以下の温度が維持されるように調節した。25分後、溶液は黄-緑色になりそしてサンプルをLC/MSおよびHPLC分析のために取った。それは、出発材料が消費されたことを示した。黄色透明溶液を30分撹拌し、そして不透明溶液/スラリーを、形成した。
粗生成物を次いで、イソ-ヘキサン(400mL)中に懸濁しそして+40℃に撹拌しつつ暖め、スラリーを室温に冷却し次いで不溶性生成物をろ過によって除去し、イソ-ヘキサン(6x100mL)で洗浄し、そして減圧下+50℃で終夜乾燥した。これにより生成物をわずかに黄色粉末として得た。
HPLCによる純度=99%、NMRはその純度を支持した。
[α]D=-12.4°(c=0.01g/mL, THF, T=20℃).
1H NMR (THF-d8):δ 9.91 (1H, bs); 7.57 (1H, s); 4.53, 4.44 (1H それぞれの, ABq, J=14.6Hz); 1.52 (s, 3H, CH3).
13C NMR (THF-d8):δ 174.96; 155.86; 70.96; 61.04; 23.66.
[(4S)-4-メチル-2,5-ジオキソイミダゾリジン-4-イル]メタンスルホニルクロリドについて記載の手法にしたがう。
(5R)-5-メチル-5-{[(フェニルメチル)チオ]メチル}イミダゾリジン-2,4-ジオン(10.0g, 40mmol)から出発する。
8.78g (96%収率)の表題化合物を取得した。
NMRによる純度 > 98%.
[α]D=+12.8° (c=0.01g/mL, THF, T=20℃).
1H NMR (THF-d8):δ 9.91 (1H, brs); 7.57 (1H, s); 4.53, 4.44 (1H それぞれの, ABq, J=14.6Hz); 1.52 (s, 3H, CH3).
13C NMR (THF-d8): δ 174.96; 155.84; 70.97; 61.04; 23.66.
LC-MS (APCI) m/z 410 (MH+).
1H NMR (DMSO- d6):δ 10.75 (1 H, s); 9.89 (1 H, s); 8.04 (1 H, s); 7.45-7.39 (2 H, m); 7.25-7.19 (2 H, m); 7.06-6.97 (4 H, m); 3.54 (1 H from ABq, J=14.1 Hz); 1.31 (3 H, s).
LC-MS (APCI) m/z 374 (MH+).
1H NMR (DMSO- d6): δ 10.74 (1 H, s); 9.82 (1 H, s); 8.01 (1 H, s); 7.33-7.05 (9 H, m); 3.49, 3.36 (1 H それぞれの, ABq, J=16.2 Hz); 1.28 (3 H, s).
LC-MS (APCI) m/z 388 (MH+).
1H NMR (DMSO- d6):δ 10.81 (1 H, s); 10.58 (1 H, s); 8.08 (1 H, s); 7.76-7.62 (5 H, m); 7.60-7.52 (2 H, m); 7.33-7.27 (2 H, m); 3.68, 3.52 (1 H それぞれの, ABq, J=14.7 Hz); 1.33 (3 H,
s).
商業的に入手可能なN-Boc-4-ピペリドンから、実施例3記載の方法によって調製した。
Claims (7)
- 式IIの化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩;
それぞれのG1およびG2は、それぞれがシクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロシクロアルキルまたはヘテロアリールより独立的に選択される7までの環原子を含む単環式環構造であり、それぞれの環構造は独立的にハロゲン、シアノ、アルキル、アルコキシより独立的に選択される1または2つの置換基によって所望により置換されてもよく、ここで、いずれかの置換基内のいずれかのアルキルラジカルそれ自体はハロゲンより選択される1または2以上の基で所望により置換されてもよい;
Zは、SO2N(R6)である;
Bは、直接的結合、酸素より選択される;
R2は、H、(C1-6)アルキルより選択される;
R3およびR4は、独立的にHまたは(C1-3)アルキルより選択される;
R6は、Hであるか、またはR6は、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロシクロアルキルによって所望により置換されてもよい(C1-3)アルキルである;
またはR3およびR6は結合して7までの環原子を含む環を形成し得、またはR4およびR6は結合して7までの環原子を含む環を形成し得る。 - 請求項1の式IIの化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩であって、式中、Zは、SO2N(R6)であり、かつ基ZのS原子は、G2環に結合する化合物。
- 請求項1または2の式IIの化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩であって、式中、それぞれのR3およびR4は、Hである化合物。
- 請求項1ないし3のいずれかの式IIの化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩であって、式中、R6は、H、ベンジルまたはメチレンピリジンである化合物。
- 請求項1ないし4のいずれかの式IIの化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩であって、式中、G1およびG2はそれぞれアリールまたはヘテロアリールより選択される化合物。
- 請求項1ないし5のいずれかの化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩であって、式中、R3およびR6は5-または6-員環を形成し、またはR4およびR6は5-または6-員環を形成する化合物。
- 該化合物のR3およびR6が5-員環を形成し、そして、当該化合物が;
5−(1−{[4−(4−クロロフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホニル}ピロリジン−2−イル)−5−メチルイミダゾリジン−2,4−ジオン;
5−(1−{[4−(4−メトキシフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホニル}ピロリジン−2−イル)−5−メチルイミダゾリジン−2,4−ジオン;
5−(1−{[4−(4−メチルフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホニル}ピロリジン−2−イル)−5−メチルイミダゾリジン−2,4−ジオン;
5−(1−{[4−(4−フルオロフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホニル}ピロリジン−2−イル)−5−メチルイミダゾリジン−2,4−ジオン;
5−(1−{[4−(4−シアノフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホニル}ピロリジン−2−イル)−5−メチルイミダゾリジン−2,4−ジオン;
5−(1−{[4−(4−クロロフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホニル}ピロリジン−2−イル)イミダゾリジン−2,4−ジオン;
5−(1−{[4−(4−フルオロフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホニル}ピロリジン−2−イル)イミダゾリジン−2,4−ジオン;
5−(1−{[4−(4−メチルフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホニル}ピロリジン−2−イル)イミダゾリジン−2,4−ジオン;
5−(1−{[4−(4−メトキシフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホニル}ピロリジン−2−イル)イミダゾリジン−2,4−ジオン;
5−(1−{[4−(4−シアノフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホニル}ピロリジン−2−イル)イミダゾリジン−2,4−ジオン
から成る群から選択される、請求項1に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
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SE0100902A SE0100902D0 (sv) | 2001-03-15 | 2001-03-15 | Compounds |
PCT/SE2002/000478 WO2002074751A1 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2002-03-13 | Metalloproteinase inhibitors |
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