JP2019013259A - マーカーフリーのトランスジェニック植物を得るための方法および組成物 - Google Patents
マーカーフリーのトランスジェニック植物を得るための方法および組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は一般的にトランスジェニック植物に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、形質転換植物中の望ましくないまたは不必要なDNAの同定および除去に関する。
形質転換植物中の不必要なまたは望ましくないDNAの同定は、多くの研究の主題であり、かかる植物からこれらのトランスジェニック配列を除去するために多くの異なる方法が努力して調べられている(例えば、Hansonら, 1999 ;Daleら, 1991 ; Ebinumaら, 1997 ; Yoderら, 1994 ; Kononovら, 1997 ; HareおよびChua, 2002; Scuttら, 2002; Puchta, 2003; de Vettenら, 2003; Halpin, 2005; 米国特許公開公報20030110532; 米国特許公開公報20040237142;米国特許第6,458,594号)。一般的には、トランスジェニック植物の農業的に有用な特性に寄与しないトランスジェニックDNAを含まない植物を同定することは有利である。
同定配列およびマーカー遺伝子、および関心のある遺伝子を含む2T−DNAベクターの調製
標準的な分子クローニング法(Sambrookら, 1989)に従って、2のT−DNA植物発現ベクター、pMON67465、pMON101338およびpMON101339(図1)を構築した。1のT−DNAはカナマイシンに対する抵抗性をコードするnptII遺伝子に作動可能に連結されたCaMV35SプロモーターおよびGUSレポーター遺伝子に作動可能に連結したCaMV35Sプロモーターを含む。他のT−DNAは、グリホセート抵抗性を付与するナピン:ctp−crtB:ナピン3'カセットおよび35S:ctp:CP4 EPSPSカセットを含む。oriV複製起点を有するpMON67465中のcrtBは、ブラシカ・ナプス(Brassica napus)からの1.8kb種子特異的ナピンプロモーターおよび1kbナピンターミネーターによって駆動した。oriV複製起点を有するpMON101338中およびpRi複製起点を有するpMON101339中のcrtBは、短いバージョンのナピンプロモーター(1kb)およびターミネーター(0.3kb)によって駆動した。エルビニア(Erwinia)種からのフィトエンシンターゼをコードするcrtB遺伝子は、形質転換頻度に影響することなくダイズ種子にオレンジ色を付与する。
pMON67465を用いたダイズ組織片の形質転換および再生
ダイズ(栽培品種A3244)組織を、実質的に以前に記載されているように(米国特許第6,384,301号、参照することによって本願明細書に取り込まれる)、アグロバクテリウム媒介法を介してpMON67465(図1)で形質転換した。簡単には、手で切除したダイズ分裂組織片をアグロバクテリウムと23℃にて2−4日、アグロバクテリウムと同時培養し、PLANTCON中の75μMグリホセート選択を含むWPM固形培地に移し、16/8(明/暗)期下28℃にて培養した。2週間後、組織片を新鮮なWPM培地に移し、シュート収穫まで培養した。2週間後、真の三つ葉を有するシュートを切断し、BMR発根培地上で2−4週間培養した。発根した苗木を、種子成熟のために温室中で生育させた。分析した40の事象の中で、72.5%が両方のT−DNAによる同時形質転換を示した。40の事象の中の45%がnptIIおよびgus遺伝子の両方を含んでいた。pMON67465からのT−DNAを含む事象A33908をさらに分析した。
ダイズ事象A33908およびR1子孫種子におけるCrtB/GUS/CP4発現
事象A33908からの組織の目視検査(図2)は、茎および開いた若葉が橙色キャスト(cast)を示した。葉および根組織は、CrtB発現植物において別段表現的に正常であった。R0植物の種子(すなわち、R1世代)からの種皮はわずかなCrtB発現を示したが、A33908由来の種子の子葉は異なる橙色を示し、そのうちの幾つかはしわになった表現型を有していた(図3)。
R1種子目視分析
A33908からの成熟種子を色、大きさおよび形について目視分析した(図5)。(i)マーカーフリー正常(例えば、黄色および平面);(ii)橙色および平面;および(iii)橙色および収縮した種子が見られた。
GUS陽性種子に対するPCR分析
INVADER PCR(例えばMeinら, 2000)を用いて、トランスジェニックダイズ植物の種子におけるpMON67465によって送達されるCP4−EPSPS、crtBおよびgus遺伝子の分離を追跡した。事象A33908は、CP4−EPSPSマーカー遺伝子の単一のコピーおよびNPTII遺伝子の単一のコピーを含むことが決定された。橙色:正常種子の分離は、事象A33908において予想される3:1の結果となった(表1)。
同定配列としてのATP PFKの使用
トウモロコシを含むデンプンを豊富に含む穀物粒について、収縮または破壊された種子発育の表現型を生じる糖/デンプン代謝の操作を利用し得る。sacBの種子特異的発現(Caimiら, 1996)、またはトウモロコシ穂における酵母ATP依存性ホスホフルクトキナーゼの種子特異的発現(ATP PFK;例えばGenBank 受理番号NC 003423、bases2297466..2300294)は破壊された穀粒発育を生じた(図12)。CP4選択可能なマーカーおよびATP−PFKを含む構築物pMON99575は、関心のある遺伝子を含む1のT−DNA構築物との同時形質転換に、各々がこれらの構築物のうちの1を含む2のアグロバクテリウム株の細胞を混合し、ついで混合した細菌培養物で植物細胞を形質転換することにより直接的に用い得る。あるいは、種子特異的発現するATP−PFKカセットは、マーカーフリー種子の効率的同定のために、同定配列として2のT−DNA構築物にサブクローニングし得る。この遺伝子を含む穀粒は極めて収縮し、発芽しない。同定配列フリーであってマーカー遺伝子フリーの穀粒のみが正常な外観を示している。
同定配列としてのポルフィリン合成に関与する遺伝子の使用
S−アデノシル−L−メチオニン依存性ウロポルフィリノーゲンIII(ウロゲン)メチルトランスフェラーゼ(SUMT)は、イー・コリ(E.coli)、酵母およびCHO細胞中で過剰発現させた場合に明赤色蛍光のポルフィリノイド化合物を生成する。この特性は形質転換イー・コリ(E.coli)コロニーの目視選択を可能にし(RossnerおよびScott, 1995)、形質転換した酵母細胞およびCHO細胞の自動ソーティングを可能にした(WildtおよびDeuschle, 1999)。この蛍光は、ジ−およびトリ−メチル化ウロゲン(ジヒドロシロヒドロクロリンおよびトリメチルピロロコルフィンの結果であり、その両方はポルフィリン合成経路に見出される化合物である(すなわち、クロロフィルおよびコバラミン)。
検出可能な種子表現型を生成するための遺伝子サイレンシングの使用
マーカー遺伝子カセットのイントロン内に位置する逆方向繰り返し配列は、植物細胞における有効な遺伝子サイレンシングに通じる。これは、米国特許公開公報2006/0200878号に開示されている(例えば、参照することによって本明細書に取り込まれる図7、8、9)。イントロン内に位置する逆方向反復塩基配列によってコードされるdsRNAが遺伝子サイレンシングを誘起することができるかを試験するために、ルシフェラーゼ遺伝子の〜400bpセグメントの逆方向反復塩基配列(配列番号:1)をEPSPS−CP4遺伝子カセット(pMON73874)中のイネアクチン1プロモーターのイントロンに設置し、トウモロコシ葉プロトプラストの一過性の形質転換においてルシフェラーゼ遺伝子を抑制する構築物の能力を試験した。対照として、対照プラスミドがルシフェラーゼ遺伝子の代わりにGUS遺伝子のセグメントの逆方向反復塩基配列を有する(pMON73875)以外は同様のプラスミドを試験した。最後に、逆方向反復塩基配列を有していない以外は同一であるさらなる対照、pMON25492、も用いた(図13)。
同定配列としてのKAS4の使用
バイナリーベクターpMON83530(図16)は、同一T−DNA上の選択可能なマーカーとしてのCP4植物発現可能なカセットと一緒にダイズUSP88プロモーター(米国特許第7,078,588号)によって駆動されるKAS4(ケト−アセチル−ACTシンターゼ;GenBank受理番号AF060518)を含む。KAS4遺伝子の種子特異的発現は、遺伝子を含まない正常な種子から簡単に区別し得る(図17)。構築物は同定配列として直接的に使用することができ、かかる同定配列および選択可能なマーカーを含むT−DNAは、関心のある遺伝子を含むT−DNAを含む第2の構築物と一緒に、各々これらの構築物を含むアグロバクテリウム菌株を混同し、混合した細菌培養物で植物細胞を形質転換することによって、同時形質転換し得る。
同定配列としてのspLA遺伝子の使用
バイナリーベクターpMON68581(図19)は、同一のT−DNA上に選択可能なマーカーとしてのCP4植物発現可能なカセットと一緒に、ダイズ7Sアルファプロモーターによって駆動されるsplA(アグロバクテリウム・ツメファシエンスからのスクロースホスホリアーゼ;GenBank受理番号AE009432)を含む。splA遺伝子の種子特異的発現は、遺伝子を含まない正常な種子から簡単に区別し得る収縮した種子を生じる(図20)。構築物は同定配列として直接的に使用することができ、かかる同定配列および選択可能なマーカーを含むT−DNAは、関心のある遺伝子を含むT−DNAを含む第2の構築物と、各々これらの構築物のうちの1を含む2のアグロバクテリウム菌株を混合し、植物細胞を混合した細菌培養物で形質転換することによって、同時形質転換し得る。splA発現カセットは当業者に知られているルーチンのクローニング法によって、2のT−DNAベクターに容易にサブクローニングすることもでき、ここに1のT−DNAは同定配列としてのsplAおよびマーカー遺伝子を含み、もう1のT−DNAは関心のある遺伝子を含む。ついで、2のT−DNAプラスミドは、例えばダイズ形質転換のために用いることができる。同定配列は、同定配列によって提供される表現型に基づいて選択可能なまたはスクリーニング可能なマーカー遺伝子なしに、種子選択に用いる。
マーカーフリー・トウモロコシ種子の作製における幾つかの同定配列の使用
複数の2のT−DNA植物発現ベクターを構築した。各々の構築物において、第1のT−DNAセグメントは関心のある核酸の例として植物で発現可能なuidAトランスジーンを含み、第2のT−DNAセグメントは選択可能なマーカーとしての植物で発現可能なCP4 EPSPSトランスジーンおよび下記の表に示す同定配列からなる。単子葉植物における発現用に設計されたcrtBの配列は、当該技術分野で知られている方法によって調製した(例えば、配列番号:2、配列番号:3に見出されるコドン最適化によって)。pMON68412は配列番号:3を含む。第1のT−DNAは右側および左側ボーダーによって挟まれる一方で第2のT−DNAはベクター骨格に位置し、2のT−DNA形式はタンデム形式として一般的に知られている(Huangら, 2005)。トウモロコシ組織は、当該技術分野で知られている方法によって各々の構築物で別々に形質転換した。各同定遺伝子を用いた予想される表現型を下記の表2に示す。内胚乳中での同定配列の発現のための別のプロモーターには、イネからのグルテリン1プロモーター、トウモロコシからのwaxyプロモーター、およびトウモロコシからのbrittle2プロモーターが含まれる。
以下の参照文献は、それらが本明細書に記載したものについての例示的方法または本命支所に記載するものの他の詳細な補足を提供する程度において、参照することによって本願明細書に特異的に取り込まれる。
米国特許第4,940,835号; 米国特許第4,940,838号; 米国特許第4,946,046号; 米国特許第4,971,908号; 米国特許第5,015,580号; 米国特許第5,145,783号; 米国特許第5,188,642号; 米国特許第5,302,523号; 米国特許第5,310,667号; 米国特許第5,362,865号; 米国特許第5,384,253号; 米国特許第5,429,939号; 米国特許第5,464,763号; 米国特許第5,464,765号; 米国特許第5,508,184号; 米国特許第5,538,880号; 米国特許第5,545,816号; 米国特許第5,550,318号; 米国特許第5,563,055号; 米国特許第5,591,616号; 米国特許第5,633,435号; 米国特許第5,693,512号; 米国特許第5,731,179号; 米国特許第5,824,877号; 米国特許第5,859,347号; 米国特許第5,981,840号; 米国特許第6,160,208号; 米国特許第6,307,123号; 米国特許第6,326,527号; 米国特許第6,384,301号; 米国特許第6,399,861号; 米国特許第6,403,865号; 米国特許第6,429,356号; 米国特許第6,433,252号; 米国特許第6,458,594号; 米国特許第6,583,338号; 米国特許第6,803,501号; 米国特許第6,825,398号; 米国特許第7,078,588号; 米国特許第7,119,187号; 米国特許第7,151,204号。
米国特許公開20030110532; 米国特許公開20030229918; 米国特許公開20040237142; 米国特許公開20060041956; 米国特許公開20060064772; 米国特許公開20060200878
国際公開WO 00/018939
国際公開WO 97/41228
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Claims (5)
- 配列番号:2、配列番号:3または配列番号:2もしくは配列番号:3に対して少なくとも71%の同一性を有する配列を含み、かつフィトエンシンターゼ活性を有するポリペプチドをコードする単離された核酸配列。
- 植物中で機能的な異種プロモーターに作動可能に連結した請求項1記載の核酸配列を含む組換えDNA構築物。
- 請求項1記載の核酸配列を含む宿主細胞。
- 宿主細胞が細菌細胞または植物細胞である請求項3記載の宿主細胞。
- 請求項1記載の核酸配列を含むトランスジェニック植物または種子。
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