JP2014128797A - 圧縮着火機関排ガスの処理方法 - Google Patents
圧縮着火機関排ガスの処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014128797A JP2014128797A JP2014021531A JP2014021531A JP2014128797A JP 2014128797 A JP2014128797 A JP 2014128797A JP 2014021531 A JP2014021531 A JP 2014021531A JP 2014021531 A JP2014021531 A JP 2014021531A JP 2014128797 A JP2014128797 A JP 2014128797A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- compression ignition
- ignition engine
- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/12—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with compression ignition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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Abstract
【解決手段】圧縮着火機関排ガスの処理方法。燃焼用の実質的にすべての燃料が燃焼開始前に燃焼室中に注入される圧縮着火機関から出る排ガスの処理方法であって、排ガスを、担持されたパラジウム(Pd)触媒を含んでなる触媒と接触させ、更に白金(Pt)触媒を触んでなる触媒と接触させることを含んでなる排ガス処理方法。
【選択図】なし
Description
2重量%Pt−アルミナ系触媒(触媒A)、2重量%Pd−アルミナ系触媒(触媒B)、および2重量%Pd−セリア含有触媒(触媒C)を、模擬触媒活性試験(SCAT)ガス装置でHCおよびCO低温活性に関して試験した。各触媒の試料を、表1に示す流動ガス混合物で試験した。使用したガス混合物の温度は、各試験中、100℃から500℃に増加させた。
別の一連の活性試験で、触媒D(1重量%Pt−アルミナ系)、および触媒E(4重量%Pd−セリア系)を、SCATガス装置で、表4に示すガス混合物を使用し、HCおよびCO低温活性に関して試験し、各試料の上を通したガスの温度は、各試験中、100℃から500℃に増加させた。
触媒D(1重量%Pt−アルミナ系)および触媒E(4重量%Pd−セリア系)に対するさらなるSCAT装置試験を、25000ppmのCOおよび2種類の異なった濃度のHC(プロペンまたはトルエンのどちらかを使用する)を含むガス混合物を使用して行った。各触媒の試料を表6に示すガス混合物中に置き、ガスの温度を100℃から500℃に増加させた。HC化学種としてプロペンまたはトルエンのどちらかを使用し、HCの濃度(C1として)を600ppmから3000ppmに増加させた。試験した触媒の活性を表7に示す。
触媒A、触媒Bおよび触媒Cに対するさらなるSCAT装置試験を、10000ppmのCOおよび4種類の異なった濃度のHC(プロペンを使用する)を含むガス混合物を使用して行った。各触媒の試料を表8に示すガス混合物中で試験し、ガスの温度を100℃から500℃に増加させた。HCの濃度(C1として)を600ppmから4500ppm(プロペン)に増加させた。触媒の活性を表9に示す。
別の一連のSCAT試験を触媒C(2重量%Pd−セリア)、触媒F(2.5重量%Pt−アルミナ系)および触媒G(1.25重量%Pt/1重量%Pd−これは触媒Cと触媒Fの混合物である)で、1%のCOおよび3種類の異なったHC化学種を1000ppm(C3)濃度で含むガス混合物を使用して行った。試験手順は前に記載した通りであり、ガス混合物を表10に示す。試験した触媒の活性を表11に示す。
他の金属担体の影響を、ガス混合物3(高COおよびHC濃度)およびガス混合物21(低COおよびHC濃度)で触媒A(2重量%Pd−Al2O3)および触媒C(2重量%Pd−Ce)との比較で評価した。評価した追加触媒は、触媒H(2重量%Pd−MnO2(Aldrich))、触媒I(2重量%Pd−Mn:Zr[85.15])および触媒J(2重量%Pd−20%Ba/Al2O3)であった。試験手順は前と同様であり、ガス混合物は表12に示し、触媒活性は表13に示す。
European Stage 3法的必要条件に関して証明された、<10ppm硫黄含有ディーゼル燃料を供給する1.9リットル、コモンレール、直噴式ターボ過給するディーゼル車両に、直径4.66in(118mm)、長さ6in(152mm)のセラミック担持された触媒を取り付けた。触媒Kは、白金触媒を140gft−3(4.85gリットル−1)で被覆し、触媒Lは、白金触媒を70gft−3(2.43gリットル−1)およびパラジウム−セリア触媒をパラジウム装填量70gft−3(2.43gリットル−1)で被覆した。試験の前に、これらの触媒を700℃で5時間エージングさせた。
圧縮着火機関からの排ガスの処理方法であって、
燃焼用の実質的にすべての燃料が燃焼開始前に燃焼室中に注入されてなり、
前記排ガスを、担持されたパラジウム(Pd)触媒を含んでなる触媒(好ましくは少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒を含む)と接触させることを含んでなる、方法。
(2)
前記触媒が少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒を含んでなる、(1)に記載の方法。
(3)
前記排ガスが>2000ppmの一酸化炭素(CO)を含んでなる、(1)または(2)に記載の方法。
(4)
前記排ガスが、>500ppmのC1未燃焼炭化水素(HC)を含んでなる、(1)〜(3)のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(5)
前記排ガス温度が250℃未満である、(1)〜(4)のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(6)
前記触媒が白金(Pt)を含んでなる、(1)〜(5)のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(7)
前記排ガスが前記Pdと接触し、次いで前記Ptと接触するように前記触媒が配置される、(6)に記載の方法。
(8)
前記排ガス中のCOが前記Pd上で燃焼することにより発生した熱が前記Ptを加熱し、それによって前記Ptにより触媒作用される前記排ガス成分の反応が促進される、(6)または(7)に記載の方法。
(9)
Ptにより触媒作用される反応が、HC酸化および粒子状物質の燃焼を包含する、(8)に記載の方法。
(10)
圧縮着火機関であって、
燃焼用の実質的にすべての燃料が燃焼開始前に燃焼室中に注入されてなり、
担持されたパラジウム(Pd)触媒を含んでなる排気機構を備えてなる、圧縮着火機関。
(11)
前記触媒が少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒を含んでなる、(10)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(12)
>2000ppmの一酸化炭素(CO)を含んでなる排ガスを発生する、(10)または(11)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(13)
>500ppmのC1未燃焼炭化水素(HC)を含んでなる排ガスを発生する、(10)〜(12)のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(14)
温度250℃未満の排ガスを発生する、(10)〜(13)のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(15)
前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒が、還元可能な酸化物または塩基性金属またはそれらの2種類以上の混合物である、(10)〜(14)のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(16)
前記少なくとも一種の還元可能な酸化物が、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、銅、スズまたはセリウムの酸化物である、(15)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(17)
前記少なくとも一種の還元可能な酸化物が、MnO2、Mn2O3、Fe2O3、CuO、CoO、SnO2およびCeO2の少なくとも一種である、(16)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(18)
前記還元可能な酸化物が、前記担体上に分散されてなる、(15)〜(17)のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(19)
前記担体自体が粒子状の還元可能な酸化物材料を含んでなる、(15)〜(17)のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(20)
前記少なくとも一種の塩基性金属が、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属またはランタニド金属、またはそれらのいずれか2種類以上の混合物、複合酸化物または混合酸化物である、(15)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(21)
前記少なくとも一種のアルカリ土類金属がバリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、ストロンチウムである、(20)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(22)
前記少なくとも一種のアルカリ金属がナトリウム、カリウムまたはセシウムである、(20)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(23)
前記少なくとも一種のランタニド金属がセリウムまたはランタンである、(20)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(24)
前記触媒が白金(Pt)、所望により担持されたPtを含んでなる、(10)〜(23)のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(25)
前記PdおよびPtが同じ担体上にある、(24)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(26)
前記担持されたPdおよび前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒が第一基材上に配置されてなり、
前記Ptが第二基材上に配置されてなり、
前記第二基材が前記第一基材の下流に配置される、(24に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(27)
前記担持されたPdおよび前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒が基材の上流部分に配置されてなり、
前記Ptが前記基材の下流部分に配置されてなる、(24)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(28)
前記Ptが基材上の第一層に配置されてなり、
前記担持されたPdおよび前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒が、前記第一層の上にある第二層に配置されてなる、(24)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(29)
第一担体が、前記担持されたPdおよび前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒を含んでなり、
前記Ptが第二粒子状担体上に担持されてなり、
前記第一担体および第二担体が基材上で単一の層の上に配置される、(24)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(30)
前記Pd担体および、存在する場合、前記Pt担体が、アルミナ、シリカ−アルミナ、セリア、マグネシア、チタニア、ジルコニア、ゼオライトまたはそれらの2種類以上の混合物、複合酸化物または混合酸化物の少なくとも一種を含んでなる、(10)〜(29)のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(31)
前記担体が少なくとも一種の塩基性金属を含んでなる、(30)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(32)
前記少なくとも一種の塩基性金属が、ジルコニウム、セリウム、ランタン、アルミナ、イットリウム、プラセオジム、バリウムおよびネオジムの少なくとも一種を含んでなる、(31)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(33)
前記担体が、ランタンで安定化させたアルミナを含んでなる、(30)〜(32)のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(34)
前記担体が、セリアおよびジルコニアを、所望により5:95〜95:5の重量比で含んでなる、(30)〜(32)のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(35)
前記触媒が、前記触媒の総重量に対して0.1〜30重量%、所望により0.5〜15重量%、好ましくは1〜5重量%のPGMを含んでなる、(10)〜(34)のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(36)
前記触媒のPd:Pt重量比が100:0〜10:90である、(35)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(37)
前記触媒が、前記触媒の総重量に対して0.1〜10重量%のPtおよび前記触媒の総重量に対して0.1〜20重量%を含む、(35)または(36)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(38)
前記圧縮着火機関が、エンジンサイクルの少なくとも一部分の際に、燃焼用の実質的にすべての燃料が、燃焼開始前に燃焼室中に注入されるモードで作動されてなる第一走行条件を有してなり、および
前記圧縮着火機関が従来の直噴ディーゼルエンジンモードで作動する第二条件を有する、(10)〜(37)のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(39)
前記圧縮着火機関が、高エンジン負荷の際に前記第二条件に切り換えられる、(38)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(40)
使用中に前記圧縮着火機関の燃料燃焼モードを制御するための制御手段を備えてなる、(10)〜(39)のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(41)
前記制御手段が、予めプログラム化されたプロセッサーを備えてなり、所望により機関コントロールユニット(ECU)の一部を形成するものである、(40)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(42)
前記排気機構が、前記担持されたPd触媒の下流に配置された、所望により触媒作用を持たせた粒子状フィルターを備えてなる、(41)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(43)
排ガス再循環バルブおよび前記排ガスの選択された部分を前記圧縮着火機関の空気取入部に再循環させる回路を包含する、(41)または(42)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(44)
前記再循環される排ガスが、前記圧縮着火機関の取入部の空気と混合される前に冷却される、(43)に記載の圧縮着火機関。
(45)
(10)〜(44)のいずれか一項に記載のディーゼル機関。
(46)
均質供給圧縮着火(HCCI)ディーゼル機関または希釈制御燃焼方式(DCCS)ディーゼル機関である、(45)に記載のディーゼル機関。
(47)
(10)〜(46)のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関を包含する、車両。
(48)
(47)に記載の軽負荷ディーゼル車両。
Claims (48)
- 圧縮着火機関からの排ガスの処理方法であって、
燃焼用の実質的にすべての燃料が燃焼開始前に燃焼室中に注入されてなり、
前記排ガスを、担持されたパラジウム(Pd)触媒を含んでなる触媒と接触させることを含んでなる、方法。 - 前記触媒が少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記排ガスが>2000ppmの一酸化炭素(CO)を含んでなる、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記排ガスが、>500ppmのC1未燃焼炭化水素(HC)を含んでなる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記排ガス温度が250℃未満である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒が白金(Pt)を含んでなる、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記排ガスが前記Pdと接触し、次いで前記Ptと接触するように前記触媒が配置される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記排ガス中のCOが前記Pd上で燃焼することにより発生した熱が前記Ptを加熱し、それによって前記Ptにより触媒作用される前記排ガス成分の反応が促進される、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- Ptにより触媒作用される反応が、HC酸化および粒子状物質の燃焼を包含する、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 圧縮着火機関であって、
燃焼用の実質的にすべての燃料が燃焼開始前に燃焼室中に注入されてなり、
担持されたパラジウム(Pd)触媒を含んでなる排気機構を備えてなる、圧縮着火機関。 - 前記触媒が少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒を含んでなる、請求項10に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- >2000ppmの一酸化炭素(CO)を含んでなる排ガスを発生する、請求項10または11に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- >500ppmのC1未燃焼炭化水素(HC)を含んでなる排ガスを発生する、請求項10〜12のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 温度250℃未満の排ガスを発生する、請求項10〜13のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒が、還元可能な酸化物または塩基性金属またはそれらの2種類以上の混合物である、請求項10〜14のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記少なくとも一種の還元可能な酸化物が、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、銅、スズまたはセリウムの酸化物である、請求項15に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記少なくとも一種の還元可能な酸化物が、MnO2、Mn2O3、Fe2O3、CuO、CoO、SnO2およびCeO2の少なくとも一種である、請求項16に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記還元可能な酸化物が、前記担体上に分散されてなる、請求項15〜17のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記担体自体が粒子状の還元可能な酸化物材料を含んでなる、請求項15〜17のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記少なくとも一種の塩基性金属が、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属またはランタニド金属、またはそれらのいずれか2種類以上の混合物、複合酸化物または混合酸化物である、請求項15に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記少なくとも一種のアルカリ土類金属がバリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、ストロンチウムである、請求項20に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記少なくとも一種のアルカリ金属がナトリウム、カリウムまたはセシウムである、請求項20に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記少なくとも一種のランタニド金属がセリウムまたはランタンである、請求項20に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記触媒が白金(Pt)、所望により担持されたPtを含んでなる、請求項10〜23のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記PdおよびPtが同じ担体上にある、請求項24に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記担持されたPdおよび前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒が第一基材上に配置されてなり、
前記Ptが第二基材上に配置されてなり、
前記第二基材が前記第一基材の下流に配置される、請求項24に記載の圧縮着火機関。 - 前記担持されたPdおよび前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒が基材の上流部分に配置されてなり、
前記Ptが前記基材の下流部分に配置されてなる、請求項24に記載の圧縮着火機関。 - 前記Ptが基材上の第一層に配置されてなり、
前記担持されたPdおよび前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒が、前記第一層の上にある第二層に配置されてなる、請求項24に記載の圧縮着火機関。 - 第一担体が、前記担持されたPdおよび前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒を含んでなり、
前記Ptが第二粒子状担体上に担持されてなり、
前記第一担体および第二担体が基材上で単一の層の上に配置される、請求項24に記載の圧縮着火機関。 - 前記Pd担体および、存在する場合、前記Pt担体が、アルミナ、シリカ−アルミナ、セリア、マグネシア、チタニア、ジルコニア、ゼオライトまたはそれらの2種類以上の混合物、複合酸化物または混合酸化物の少なくとも一種を含んでなる、請求項10〜29のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記担体が少なくとも一種の塩基性金属を含んでなる、請求項30に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記少なくとも一種の塩基性金属が、ジルコニウム、セリウム、ランタン、アルミナ、イットリウム、プラセオジム、バリウムおよびネオジムの少なくとも一種を含んでなる、請求項31に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記担体が、ランタンで安定化させたアルミナを含んでなる、請求項30〜32のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記担体が、セリアおよびジルコニアを、所望により5:95〜95:5の重量比で含んでなる、請求項30〜32のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記触媒が、前記触媒の総重量に対して0.1〜30重量%、所望により0.5〜15重量%、好ましくは1〜5重量%のPGMを含んでなる、請求項10〜34のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記触媒のPd:Pt重量比が100:0〜10:90である、請求項35に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記触媒が、前記触媒の総重量に対して0.1〜10重量%のPtおよび前記触媒の総重量に対して0.1〜20重量%を含む、請求項35または36に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記圧縮着火機関が、エンジンサイクルの少なくとも一部分の際に、燃焼用の実質的にすべての燃料が、燃焼開始前に燃焼室中に注入されるモードで作動されてなる第一走行条件を有してなり、および
前記圧縮着火機関が従来の直噴ディーゼルエンジンモードで作動する第二条件を有する、請求項10〜37のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。 - 前記圧縮着火機関が、高エンジン負荷の際に前記第二条件に切り換えられる、請求項38に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 使用中に前記圧縮着火機関の燃料燃焼モードを制御するための制御手段を備えてなる、請求項10〜39のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記制御手段が、予めプログラム化されたプロセッサーを備えてなり、所望により機関コントロールユニット(ECU)の一部を形成するものである、請求項40に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記排気機構が、前記担持されたPd触媒の下流に配置された、所望により触媒作用を持たせた粒子状フィルターを備えてなる、請求項41に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 排ガス再循環バルブおよび前記排ガスの選択された部分を前記圧縮着火機関の空気取入部に再循環させる回路を包含する、請求項41または42に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 前記再循環される排ガスが、前記圧縮着火機関の取入部の空気と混合される前に冷却される、請求項43に記載の圧縮着火機関。
- 請求項10〜44のいずれか一項に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 均質供給圧縮着火(HCCI)ディーゼル機関または希釈制御燃焼方式(DCCS)ディーゼル機関である、請求項45に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 請求項10〜46のいずれか一項に記載の圧縮着火機関を包含する、車両。
- 請求項47に記載の軽負荷ディーゼル車両。
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JPH07251073A (ja) * | 1994-03-16 | 1995-10-03 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPH0857315A (ja) * | 1994-08-26 | 1996-03-05 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPH08218920A (ja) * | 1995-02-14 | 1996-08-27 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JPH0924247A (ja) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-01-28 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPH11303625A (ja) * | 1998-04-23 | 1999-11-02 | Johnson Massey Japan Kk | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置およびそれを用いた排気浄化法 |
JP2001173498A (ja) * | 1999-12-16 | 2001-06-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関 |
JP2001259424A (ja) * | 2000-03-22 | 2001-09-25 | Cataler Corp | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
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