JP2012529977A - Mri誘導装置、及び準リアルタイムに該装置を追跡し、該装置の動的可視化を生成することができるmri誘導介入システム - Google Patents
Mri誘導装置、及び準リアルタイムに該装置を追跡し、該装置の動的可視化を生成することができるmri誘導介入システム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
本願は、2009年6月16日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/187,323号、2009年6月23日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/219,638号、及び2009年11月13日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/261,103号の利益及び優先権を主張するものであり、これらの米国仮特許出願は、その開示内容を引用することにより、本明細書にその全体が説明されているかのごとく本明細書の一部をなすものとする。
(a)一領域での組織情報、例えば、実際の傷パターンを示し、局所的なアブレーション情報(LA(左心房)、PV(肺静脈)等)を臨床医が閲覧できるようにする局所評価スキャンマップ32r(図17)及び/又は大域評価スキャンマップ32g(図13)、
(b)事前処置MRI心臓スキャン34(図7)、
(c)第1の時点(処置の1週間前又は直前等)で撮影されたDHE1(遅延超増強効果(Delayed Hyper Enhancement))組織特徴化マップ35a(図28)、
(d)潜在的に処置の終了に向かう処置中等の第2の時点で撮影されたDHE2組織特徴化マップ35b(心臓アブレーション処置の場合、処置の終了前にPV(肺静脈)又は他の標的の完全な電気的隔離を確認するために用いることができる−代替的に、DHE2マップに前のEPアブレーション処置の終了を関連付けることができる)(図27)、
(e)EA(電子解剖学的)マップ35c(図17)、
(f)浮腫組織特徴化マップ35d(図19)、
(g)他の組織特徴化マップ35e、例えば、
(i)処置中の組織のアブレーションにより生じた温度増大ポジションを示す複合熱的組織特徴化マップ、
(ii)欠乏性(酸素が奪われるか、又は欠如する)組織特徴化マップ、
(iii)低酸素又は壊死組織特徴化マップ、
(iv)線維組織マップ、
(v)血管系マップ、
(vi)癌細胞/組織マップ(癌が治療される条件である場合)、
(h)1つ以上の標的部位37p(本明細書では交換可能に部位55tとも呼ばれる)を有する少なくとも1つの処置計画マップ37M及び参照しやすいように異なる色、不透明度、及び/又は強度で示される実際の部位37a(例えば、標的部位及び実際のアブレーション部位)を示す後期組織マップ(例えば、図10を参照すると、標的には赤/暗いスポットが関連付けられ、実際のものには緑又はより明るいスポットが関連付けられる)、並びに
(i)外科/撮像空間内の装置80の物理的表現を示す装置ビュー36、例えば、所定位置に示される装置80として、所定位置に示されるアブレーションカテーテル36a及び/又はマッピング(ループ)カテーテル36bを有する(図9、図11)。これらの装置マップ36は、例えば、ナビゲーションモード中に使用/表示することができる。デフォルト動作は、これらの装置を少なくともナビゲーションモードで示すこととすることができるが、ユーザーは、この選択を選択解除することができる。
熱的組織特徴化マップは、所与の時点での熱的な状態に基づくこともできるし、異なる時間(例えば、アブレーション処置の異なる時間での異なるポイントのアブレーション中及び/又はアブレーション後)での異なる組織位置の加熱の複合として提供することもできる。熱的マップは、アブレーションカテーテルの先端の位置が、その時のその位置での熱的活動/状態に相関付けられるように、異なる時間に内部アブレーションカテーテル(例えば、先端)の位置にレジストレーションすることができ、その理由は、それが熱的活動/加熱の増大を示すその領域の画像データが生成される時間枠であるためである。すなわち、画像スキャン平面は、アブレーションカテーテルの先端の位置にある組織を示すように撮影される。画像スキャン平面は、通常、アブレーションの先端の前にある傷組織が撮像されるように、追跡コイルから既知の距離だけ前方に突出する。
患者のセグメント化MRA(磁気共鳴血管造影法)撮像ボリュームを用いて、血管系組織特徴化マップを生成することができ、このマップは、血流が増大したエリア並びに/又は血管構造内の大きなチャネル及び小さなチャネルを示すことができる。
患者のコントラストに基づくか、又はコントラストに基づかないMRI画像が、標的組織(例えば、心臓)内の線維組織を識別することができる。
組織損傷は、健康な組織及び不健康な組織のうちの両方ではなく一方に取り付くか又は主に保持される薬剤等の造影剤に基づいて、MR画像データを用いて示すか又は検出することができ、例えば、造影剤は、MR画像データが(ピクセル強度を用いて)視覚的に差異を識別するように、他方よりも一方により多く摂取されるか、取り付くか、又は存在若しくは停留する。造影剤は、現在は通常ガドリニウムであり、任意の既知の、又は将来開される生物適合性薬剤のうちの1つ以上のものとすることができるが、薬剤に結合し、一種類の組織に存在するが他(例えば、不健康な組織)には存在しないエピトープに選択的に結合して、エピトープが他ではなく一種類にのみ大量に存在するようにする、抗体又は抗体の派生物若しくは成分を含むこともできる。代替的に、エピトープは、両種の組織に存在するが、立体ブロック効果により一種には結合し難い。
アブレーション後(及び/又は間)、組織は通常、浮腫を有する。これは、例えば、T2加重ターボスピンエコー、HASTE(Siemensチーム)、SSFP、又はT2加重勾配リコールエコー(GRE)等のパルスシーケンスを用いてMRI内で検出することができる。
MRIを用いて、心臓壁の運動を評価することができる。異常な運動を組織特徴化マップ上で視覚的に示すことができる。心臓壁の運動の特定に用いることができるパルスシーケンスの例には、例えば、DENSE、HARP、及びMRタギングが含まれる。
図31〜図46を参照すると、本発明のいくつかの実施形態による、MRI誘導アブレーション処置で用いるための可撓性(操向可能)アブレーションカテーテル80が示される。アブレーションカテーテル80は、少なくとも1つの管腔404(図34)が中を通る細長い可撓性ハウジング又はシャフト402を備え、反対側に位置する遠位端部406及び近位端部408をそれぞれ備える。遠位端部406は、標的組織をアブレートするアブレーション電極410e(図33)を有するアブレーション先端410を備える。412、414として個々に識別され、そして、図2及び図3のコイル82cと同等の一対のRF追跡コイルは、示されるように、アブレーション先端410から上流に位置決めされる。アブレーション先端410は、局所的な電気信号又は特性を感知する第2の電極を含むこともできるし、アブレーション電極410eが、2極性であり、アブレート及び感知の両方を行うこともできる。
図50を参照すると、本発明のいくつかの実施形態による、MRI誘導処置で用いるための可撓性(操向可能)マッピングカテーテル80が示される。マッピングカテーテル80は、反対側に位置する遠位端部及び近位端部を有する細長い可撓瀬ハウジング又はシャフト602を含み、遠位端部606だけが示される。遠位端部606は、図示するように、離間した関係で配列された、局所的な電気信号又は特性を感知する複数の電極608を含む。第1の電極608a及び第2の電極608bは、カテーテル80の先端610に隣接して位置決めされる。残りの電極(608c〜608d、608e〜608f、608g〜608h、608i〜608j)は、図示するように、第1の2つの電極608a〜608bから上流に配置される。
Claims (41)
- 遠位端部及び反対側に位置する近位端部を有する細長い可撓性シャフトと、
前記近位端部に取り付けられたハンドルであって、MRIスキャナーと電気的に通信するように構成された電気コネクターインターフェースを含む、ハンドルと、
前記遠位端部に隣接して位置決めされた少なくとも1つのRF追跡コイルであって、該少なくとも1つの追跡コイルは、該少なくとも1つのRF追跡コイルと前記電気コネクターインターフェースとの間に延在するとともに該少なくとも1つの追跡コイルをMRIスキャナーに電気的に接続するように構成された導電性リード線を含み、前記導電性リード線は、前記MRIスキャナーの動作周波数の4分の1波長の奇数高調波/奇数倍を規定するのに十分な長さを有する、少なくとも1つのRF追跡コイルと
を備える、MRI適合性カテーテル。 - 前記シャフト遠位端部にアブレーション先端を更に備え、RF導体が、前記シャフト内で、前記ハンドルの前記電気コネクターインターフェースまで長手方向に延在するとともに、前記アブレーション先端がRF発生器に接続されている、請求項1に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記シャフト遠位端部に少なくとも1つの感知電極を更に備える、請求項1に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記少なくとも1つの感知電極は、離間した関係で配列された複数の感知電極を含み、前記RF追跡コイルは、2つの隣接する前記感知電極間に位置決めされる、請求項3に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記シャフト遠位端部に熱電対を更に備える、請求項2に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記シャフト遠位端部に少なくとも1つの流体出口ポートを更に備え、該少なくとも1つの流体出口ポートは、該少なくとも1つの流体出口ポートから前記カテーテルシャフトの前記近位端部まで前記カテーテルシャフト管腔を通って長手方向に延在する灌注管腔と流体連通する、請求項2に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記灌注管腔は、前記カテーテルシャフトの近位端部の流体/溶液源と流体連通する、請求項6に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記ハンドルに取り付けられ、前記シャフト遠位端部と連通するアクチュエータを更に備え、該アクチュエータの作動は、前記シャフト遠位端部の関節動作を引き起こす、請求項1に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記アクチュエータは、
前記ハンドルに移動可能に固定され、前記ハンドルに対して伸張位置と後退位置との間で可動であるピストンと、
シャフト管腔を通って延在し、遠位端及び反対側に位置する近位端を有するプルワイヤであって、前記プルワイヤ遠位端は前記シャフト遠位端部に取り付けられ、前記プルワイヤ近位端は前記ピストンに取り付けられ、前記ピストンの移動は、前記シャフト遠位端部の関節動作を引き起こす、プルワイヤと
を備える、請求項8に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。 - 前記プルワイヤは、非金属であって、単一ワイヤ、マルチフィラメントワイヤ、及び/又は、編組ワイヤを備える、請求項8に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記シャフト遠位端部は、前記シャフト遠位端部を非関節動作位置に付勢するように構成されるバイアス部材を備える、請求項1に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記バイアス部材は非金属である、請求項11に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記少なくとも1つのRF追跡コイルは、該少なくとも1つのRF追跡コイルがMRI環境に露出されたときに結合を低減する回路に電気的に接続される、請求項1に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記少なくとも1つのRF追跡コイルは、隣接する離間した関係にある第1のRF追跡コイル及び第2のRF追跡コイルを含む、請求項1に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記少なくとも1つのRF追跡コイルは、1回巻〜10回巻のソレノイドコイルである、請求項1に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記少なくとも1つのRF追跡コイルは、0.25mmと4mmとの間の前記カテーテルの長手方向に沿う長さを有する、請求項1に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記少なくとも1つのRF追跡コイルは、前記カテーテルシャフト内に引っ込むものである、請求項1に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- MRI適合性材料の層が、前記少なくとも1つのRF追跡コイルを覆い、前記カテーテルシャフトの外側表面と実質的に同一平面上にある、請求項17に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記導電性リード線は同軸ケーブルである、請求項1に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記細長いシャフト内に同軸に配設された少なくとも1つのRFシールドを更に備え、該少なくとも1つのRFシールドは、
細長い内側導体及び外側導体であって、各導体はそれぞれの反対側に位置する第1の端部及び第2の端部を有する、細長い内側導体及び外側導体と、
前記内側導体と前記外側導体との間に挟まれ、前記内側導体を囲むMRI適合性材料の細長い誘電体層とを備え、前記内側導体及び外側導体の前記それぞれの第1の端部だけが電気的に接続され、前記第2の端部は電気的に絶縁される、請求項1に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。 - 前記内側導体及び外側導体はそれぞれ、508mm(20インチ)以下の長さを有する、請求項20に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記内側導体及び外側導体はそれぞれ、1.27mm(0.05インチ)以下の厚さを有する、請求項20に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記内側導体及び外側導体は、導電性フォイル、導電性編組、又は導電性表面を有するフィルムを含む、請求項20に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記少なくとも1つのRFシールドは、端と端が離間した関係にある複数のRFシールドを含む、請求項20に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記少なくとも1つの追跡コイルは、少なくとも3つの離間した追跡コイルを含み、前記追跡コイルの少なくとも2つは、前記シャフトの実質的に剛性の遠位端部上で、固定した関係で互いに近い間隔で置かれる、請求項1に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記少なくとも1つの感知電極は、抵抗器又は抵抗性材料を有する、請求項3に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記RF導体は、その長さに沿って一連の前後のセグメントを含む、請求項2に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記RF導体は、その長さに沿って一連の前後のセグメントを含む、請求項1に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 前記少なくとも1つの追跡コイルは、複数の離間した同調追跡コイルであり、各同調追跡コイルは、それぞれの同軸ケーブルを用いて、前記装置の近位端にダイオードを有する同調回路に接続され、前記同軸ケーブルはそれぞれ、λ/4、又はλ/4のより高次の奇数高調波(3λ/4、5λ/4)である前記追跡コイルから前記ダイオードまでの測定されたMRIスキャナーにおける電気的長さを有し、前記回路は、少なくとも1mmの精度で前記追跡コイルの位置を識別するように構成される、請求項1に記載のMRI適合性カテーテル。
- 蛇行状で及び/又は自然の管腔経路を介して患者に導入されるように構成された少なくとも1つのカテーテルであって、遠位端部と、該遠位端部の反対側に位置する近位端部とを有する細長い可撓性シャフトと、導電性リード線を介してMRIスキャナーのチャネルに接続された少なくとも1つのRF追跡コイルであって、前記導電性リード線は、前記MRIスキャナーの動作周波数の4分の1波長の奇数高調波/奇数倍を規定するのに十分な長さを有する、少なくとも1つのRF追跡コイルとを備える、少なくとも1つのカテーテルと、
前記MRIスキャナーと通信し及び/又は前記MRIスキャナー内に存在している回路であって、(a)座標系を有する3D MRI画像空間に関連付けられた関連の解剖学的スキャン平面を用いて外科処置中に、MR画像データを取得し、患者の標的解剖学的組織の一連の準リアルタイム(RT)MRI画像を生成し、(b)前記3D MRI画像空間の座標系を用いて、前記少なくとも1つのカテーテルの少なくとも遠位端部の位置に関連付けられた座標を識別し、(c)標的患者解剖学的構造のRT画像データ及び患者の標的解剖学的構造の事前に取得されてレジストレーションされた第1の体積モデルを用いて前記3D画像空間内での前記少なくとも1つのカテーテルの準RTインタラクティブ可視化をレンダリングするように構成され、前記回路は、前記可視化において物理的表現で前記少なくとも1つのカテーテルを示す、回路と
を備える、MRI誘導介入システム。 - 前記少なくとも1つのカテーテルは、
前記近位端部に取り付けられたハンドルと、
前記ハンドルに取り付けられ、前記シャフト遠位端部と連通するアクチュエータであって、該アクチュエータの作動は、前記シャフト遠位端部の関節動作を引き起こすものである、アクチュエータと、
前記シャフト遠位端部のアブレーション先端であって、少なくとも1つのRF追跡コイルは、前記アブレーション先端に隣接して位置決めされる、アブレーション先端と
を更に備える、請求項30に記載のシステム。 - 前記シャフト遠位端部は、前記シャフト遠位端部を非関節動作位置に付勢するように構成されるバイアス部材を備える、請求項30に記載のシステム。
- 前記シャフト遠位端部に少なくとも1つの感知電極を更に備える、請求項30に記載のシステム。
- 前記シャフト遠位端部に熱電対を更に備える、請求項30に記載のシステム。
- 前記シャフト遠位端部に少なくとも1つの流体出口ポートを更に備え、該少なくとも1つの流体出口ポートは、該少なくとも1つの流体出口ポートから前記カテーテルシャフトの前記近位端部まで前記カテーテルを通って長手方向に延在する灌注管腔と流体連通し、前記灌注管腔は、前記カテーテルシャフトの前記遠位端部で流体/溶液源と流体連通する、請求項30に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのカテーテルは、
前記近位端部に取り付けられたハンドルと、
前記ハンドルに取り付けられ、前記シャフト遠位端部と連通するアクチュエータであって、該アクチュエータの作動は、前記シャフト遠位端部の関節動作を引き起こすものである、アクチュエータと、
前記シャフト遠位端部に、離間した関係で配列された複数の対の感知電極と
を更に備える、請求項30に記載のシステム。 - MRI誘導介入処置中に前記可視化を表示するように構成された前記回路と通信するユーザインターフェースを有するディスプレイを更に備え、前記ユーザインターフェースは、前記標的解剖学的組織の準RT画像だけを含むか、前記解剖学的組織の前記準RT画像及び前記解剖学的構造の前記レジストレーションされたモデルを含むか、又は前記解剖学的構造の前記レジストレーションされたモデルだけを含むように、ユ−ザが(a)前記可視化を回転させ、(b)表示される可視化を変更することを可能にするように構成される、請求項30に記載のシステム。
- 前記MRIスキャナーは、前記少なくとも1つの追跡コイルからの追跡信号の信号取得を、前記準RT MRI画像の画像データとインターリーブするように構成され、前記回路は、前記MR画像データを得るために用いられるスキャン平面から独立した前記3D画像空間内で前記少なくとも1つのカテーテルを電子的に追跡するように構成され、それにより、前記少なくとも1つのカテーテルは、前記少なくとも1つの準RT MRI画像のMR画像データを得るために用いられる前記関連の解剖学的スキャン平面のいずれにもある必要がなく、前記少なくとも1つのカテーテルの前記遠位端部は曲線形状をとることができる、請求項30に記載のシステム。
- 前記回路は、前記3次元画像空間内で前記少なくとも1つのカテーテルの先端位置に近接する装置−組織界面を計算するように構成され、前記回路は、前記装置−組織界面を規定するために、前記先端を超えて、規定された距離を軸方向に前に投影するように構成され、前記計算される組織界面位置は、前記少なくとも1つのカテーテルを使用する処置中に、及び/又は、該処置に時間的に近接して、前記MR画像データを得るために用いられる少なくとも1つのスキャン平面を自動的に規定するために用いられる、請求項30に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの追跡コイルは、少なくとも3つの離間した追跡コイルを備え、前記追跡コイルのうちの少なくとも2つは、前記シャフトの実質的に剛性の遠位端部上で、固定した関係で互いに近い間隔で置かれ、前記回路は、前記先端の計算された位置にあるか又は前記計算された位置を超えた或る距離にある、投影される組織−装置界面を早撮りし、少なくとも1つのスキャン平面を用いて、前記2つの遠位追跡コイルだけからの追跡コイル信号データ及び前記2つの追跡コイル間の既知の空間的関係に基づいて、前記組織−装置界面の準リアルタイム画像データを得るように、前記スキャナーに指示するように構成される、請求項30に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの追跡コイルは、それぞれの同軸ケーブルを用いて、前記装置の近位端でダイオードに接続される複数の離間した同調追跡コイルであり、前記同軸ケーブルはそれぞれ、λ/4、又はλ/4のより高次の奇数高調波(3λ/4、5λ/4)である前記追跡コイルから前記ダイオードまで測定された前記スキャナーにおける電気的長さを有し、前記回路は、実質的に一定であって正確な物理的オフセット距離を規定するそれぞれの追跡信号を用いて、互いに固定した空間的関係にある2つの隣接する追跡コイルから追跡コイル信号を得るように構成される、請求項30に記載のシステム。
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US20130131496A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
EP2442717A2 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
WO2010148083A2 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
EP2442718A4 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
JP6082414B2 (ja) | 2017-02-15 |
WO2010148088A2 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
EP2442717A4 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
CN102625670B (zh) | 2015-07-15 |
CN102625670A (zh) | 2012-08-01 |
EP2442718A2 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
JP2015142744A (ja) | 2015-08-06 |
EP2442718B1 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
US20130116543A1 (en) | 2013-05-09 |
EP2442717B1 (en) | 2020-11-25 |
US8396532B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 |
US8768433B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
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